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Journal articles on the topic "Sand dune ecology Victoria"
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Wilson, BA, NM White, A. Hanley, and DL Tidey. "Population fluctuations of the New Holland mouse Pseudomys novaehollandiae at Wilson?s Promontory National Park, Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 27, no. 1 (2005): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am05049.
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The New Holland mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae) was first recorded at Wilson?s Promontory in 1972 in heathland vegetation, but has not been located in this habitat subsequently. The species was not trapped again until 1993 when it was found in calcarenite dune woodland on the Yanakie Isthmus. The aims of this study were to assess the population dynamics and habitat use of the species in this dune habitat. Mark-recapture trapping was conducted at three sites from 1999 to 2002. One site was located on low (0 - 5 m), flat sand dunes and open swales, another on medium (5 ? 10 m) vegetated dunes, and the third on high (20 m) steep vegetated dunes. The three sites had not been burnt for 30 to 50 years. The abundance of P. novaehollandiae was related to understorey vegetation density and differences in population densities on the sites are likely to be related to the primary succession stages on the sand dunes, rather than fire history. The maximum density (24 ha-1) recorded at one site was very high compared to other Victorian populations, however this was followed by a substantial decline in numbers within the year. At another site a small population declined to extinction. Populations on the isthmus are thus capable of achieving high densities but may decline quickly. Rainfall patterns may have affected the population fluctuations, but further research is required to elucidate fully the factors involved in the long-term dynamics of this species.
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Riley, Joanna, Jeff M. Turpin, Matt R. K. Zeale, Brynne Jayatilaka, and Gareth Jones. "Diurnal sheltering preferences and associated conservation management for the endangered sandhill dunnart, Sminthopsis psammophila." Journal of Mammalogy 102, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 588–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab024.
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Abstract Dasyurids are small mammals that can conserve energy and water by using shelters that insulate against extreme conditions, prevent predation, and facilitate torpor. To quantify the diurnal sheltering requirements of a poorly known, endangered dasyurid, the sandhill dunnart, Sminthopsis psammophila, we radiotracked 40 individuals in the Western Australian Great Victoria Desert between 2015 and 2019. We assessed the effect of habitat class (broad habitat features), plot-level (the area surrounding each shelter), and shelter characteristics (e.g., daily temperature ranges), on shelter selection and sheltering habitat preferences. Two hundred and eleven diurnal shelters (mean of 5 ± 3 shelters per individual) were located on 363 shelter days (the number of days each shelter was used), within mature vegetation (mean seral age of 32 ± 12 years postfire). Burrows were used on 77% of shelter days and were typically concealed under mature spinifex, Triodia spp., with stable temperature ranges and northern aspects facing the sun. While many burrows were reused (n = 40 across 175 shelter days), spinifex hummock shelters typically were used for one shelter day and were not insulative against extreme temperatures. However, shallow scrapes within Lepidobolus deserti hummock shelters had thermal advantages and log shelters retained heat and were selected on cooler days. Sminthopsis psammophila requires long-unburned sheltering habitat with mature vegetation. Summer fires in the Great Victoria Desert can be extensive and destroy large areas of land, rendering them a key threat to the species. We conclude that the survey and conservation of S. psammophila requires attention to long-unburned, dense lower stratum swale, sand plain, and dune slope habitats, and the tendency of S. psammophila to burrow allows the species to survive within the extreme conditions of its desert environment.
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Wilson, BA, and WS Laidlaw. "Habitat characteristics for New Holland mouse Pseudomys novaehollandiae in Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 25, no. 1 (2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am03001.
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Pseudomys novaehollandiae is ‘Endangered’ in Victoria, where it is presently considered to be extant at only three localities Loch Sport, Providence Ponds, and Wilsons Promontory. This study aimed to determine indicators of suitable habitat for the species that could assist in identifying potential habitat and sites for planned re-introductions as part of a recovery program. Vegetation and site data (soils, topography, rainfall, fire age-time since fire) were assessed at localities where P. novaehollandiae was recorded. The species occurred in five structural vegetation groups - open-forest, woodland, heathland, shrubland, grassland, with the most common being open-forest and woodland. Grassland and shrubland were restricted to coastal sand-dunes in south Gippsland. Understorey vegetation at most sites was dominated by sclerophyllous shrubs ranging in cover from 10 - 70%. Classification of quadrats produced eight floristic groups in which the trend was for quadrats to cluster according to geographical location. Ordination confirmed the classification pattern and vector-fitting produced significant correlations between vector points and five variables: species richness, latitude, longitude, fire age and annual rainfall. The study identified a range of vegetation communities where P. novaehollandiae occurs and provided evidence that the species is not restricted to floristically rich and diverse heathlands. The findings can be used to determine further localities with suitable habitat. However, factors other than vegetation are also likely to be important in predicting suitable habitat.
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Bourke, Mary C., Ryan C. Ewing, David Finnegan, and Hamish A. McGowan. "Sand dune movement in the Victoria Valley, Antarctica." Geomorphology 109, no. 3-4 (August 2009): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.02.028.
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Orchard, A. E. "A revision of Cassinia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) in Australia. 6. Section Cassinia." Australian Systematic Botany 22, no. 5 (2009): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb09018.
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The present paper completes a taxonomic revision of Cassinia subg. Cassinia, a group of 35 species separated from subg. Achromolaena by the structure of its inflorescence (capitula arrangement approximately dichasial, giving rise to flat- or round-topped compound inflorescences, as opposed to the irregular or alternate arrangement of capitula in subg. Achromolaena, where the overall shape of the inflorescence is conical or elongate). The seven species of Cassinia sect. Cassinia (C. aculeata, C. thinicola, C. wilsoniae, C. longifolia, C. aureonitens, C. trinerva and C. cinerea) are keyed, described and illustrated, with discussion of ecology, distribution and variation. Cassinia aculeata subsp. nova-anglica Orchard, C. thinicola Orchard, C. wilsoniae Orchard and C. cinerea Orchard are described as new. Cassinia aculeata is a variable and widespread species. Four morphological variants are described and discussed, although not formally named. Previously suggested hybridisation between C. aculeata and Ozothamnus obcordatus is discussed, and dismissed. A new subspecies, narrowly endemic to the New England region of New South Wales (NSW), and separated by 350 km from subsp. aculeata, is described. Cassinia longifolia is similarly widespread and variable, particularly in indumentum and leaf shape. Again, four more or less distinct local morphological variants are described, but they are not formally named because of problems with satisfactory circumscription. Cassinia thinicola is newly segregated from C. aculeata. It is a strikingly distinct species, confined to coastal habitats north and south of Newcastle, distinguished by its (usually) lack of hairs on the upper leaf surface, ochre-coloured inflorescences and compact habit. Cassinia wilsoniae, confined to Wyperfeld National Park in western Victoria, has hitherto been largely overlooked, with specimens assigned to a broadly circumscribed ‘C. uncata’, or C. aculeata or C. longifolia. It is geographically widely separated from all of these taxa. It is unusual in the genus, in being confined largely to the summits of consolidated sand dunes. It has rather small inflorescences with few capitula, and these are ochre-coloured. The leaf margins are strongly revolute, almost completely covering the midrib below, unlike related taxa where the midrib remains uncovered. Cassinia cinerea is a rare species confined to south-eastern Queensland, and hitherto confused with C. laevis and C. collina, both in subg. Achromolaena (and thus with conical inflorescences). It also differs from both in a range of indumentum and leaf characters. The remaining, previously recognised, species are redescribed in detail, and their nomenclature, variation, ecology and distribution are discussed as required.
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Kavgaci, Ali. "Sand-Dune Vegetation of Igneada Coast in the Thracian Part of Turkey." Hacquetia 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10028-007-0010-z.
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Sand-Dune Vegetation of Igneada Coast in the Thracian Part of TurkeyIgneada is located in the northwest part of Turkey on the Black Sea coast and it is also near the national border between Turkey and Bulgaria. The Igneada region was accepted as one of the most important plant areas of Turkey. In this work, a study was made on the phytosociological structure of Igneada sand dune vegetation, which is the one of the important components of the richness in the region. At the end of the assessment of the data, 3 communities were defined. These communities areOtantho-Leymetum sabulosi, Medicago rigidula-Cionura erectabasal community and meadow behind the sand dune. The part of the sand dune closest to the sea has width of 30 m, ascends with a specific inclination and has no vegetation coverage. Behind this part,Otantho-Leymetum sabulosioccurs at places where the sand dune has an unstable structure. TheMedicago rigidula-Cionura erectabasal community appears behindOtantho-Leymetum sabulosiand the sand dune has a stable structure at these areas. Behind these communities, another vegetation belt occurs, formed by the species that are cosmopolite or characteristic for meadow vegetation.
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Kadmon, Ronen. "ECOLOGY OF LINEAR DUNES: II. DIFFERENTIAL DEMOGRAPHIC RESPONSES OF ANNUAL PLANTS TO LOCAL SCALE VARIATION IN SAND STABILITY." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 42, no. 4 (May 13, 1994): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1994.10676580.
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An experimental study was designed to investigate the demographic mechanisms by which annual plants inhabiting desert sand dunes respond to local gradients in the stability of the sand. The results indicated that individual plants emerging at different topographic positions along the dune experience different probabilities of survival and reproduction. The general trend observed was a decrease in seedling survival, plant biomass, fecundity, reproductive allocation, and fruit weight from the relatively stable, interdune corridor towards the unstable crest of the dune. However, all of these demographic responses were highly species-specific, indicating that coexisting annual species respond differentially to underlying patterns of spatial heterogeneity in the stability of the sand. These results suggest that local-scale spatial heterogeneity in sand stability may be important in promoting coexistence of desert sand dune annuals.
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del Valle, H. F., C. M. Rostagno, F. R. Coronato, P. J. Bouza, and P. D. Blanco. "Sand dune activity in north-eastern Patagonia." Journal of Arid Environments 72, no. 4 (April 2008): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.07.011.
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Willis, A. J. "Coastal sand dunes as biological systems." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 96 (1989): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000010836.
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SynopsisWith the gradation of intensities of environmental factors from the strand-line to stable inland areas, coastal dunes show many ecological phenomena especially clearly. These are reviewed broadly, with some emphasis on topics on which important advances are being made. The nutrient status of dune soil and changes with time are shown with reference to several dune systems. Changes in major nutrients are given for Braunton Burrows, north Devon, where the influence of nitrogen fixation by Lotus corniculatus is illustrated. The effects of sand burial on plants are considered, and details given of the root systems of vigorous and relict marram; factors which may affect its decline in vigour are reviewed. Also discussed is the likely significance of nematodes in the decline of Hippophaë rhamnoides. Reasons for the richness of the dune flora are considered and also some autecological studies. At the physiological level, reference is made to the water relations of plants and at the biochemical level to the occurrence and possible ecological importance of stress metabolites. Life strategies, phenology, survivorship, competition and the population ecology of dune plants are reviewed and also the interaction of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) and cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae). The population genetics of dune plants is illustrated by reference to Festuca rubra and Ammophila arenaria and of animals to Cepaea nemoralis.The abundance and ecological relationships of the invertebrate fauna are exemplified by surveys at Spurn Point, extensive investigations on spiders and the influence of marram on arthropod communities. The ecology of the natterjack load is considered in relation to conservation and the effects of large animal grazers in relation to the diversity of vegetation.
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Hwang, Jeong-sook, Deok-gyun Choi, Sung-chul Choi, Han-san Park, Yong-mok Park, Jeong-jin Bae, and Yeon-sik Choo. "Relationship between the spatial distribution of coastal sand dune plants and edaphic factors in a coastal sand dune system in Korea." Journal of Ecology and Environment 39, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2016.003.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Sand dune ecology Victoria"
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Ripley, Bradford Sherman. "The ecophysiology of selected coastal dune pioneer plants of the Eastern Cape." Connect to this title online, 2001. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/18/.
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Avis, Anthony Mark. "Coastal dune ecology and management in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003753.
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The importance of understanding the ecological functioning of coastal dune systems is emphasized as being fundamental to the correct management of the dune landscape. Dune vegetation along the Eastern Cape coastline, from Cape St Francis in the west to Kei Mouth in the east was described in terms of the distribution and phytochorological affinities of the taxa. At a regional scale species distribution was strongly influenced by both the climate, particularly rainfall, and the phytochorological affinities of the taxa. Seven communities were defined using TWINSPAN, and the interrelationships between these communities in anyone area appeared to be linked to a successional gradient. Dune Slacks are thought to play a key role in this successional sequence, and a temporal study of this community led to a conceptual model of plant succession in these dunefields. Climate, particularly rainfall and wind, are major factors influencing plant succession. Wind-borne sand causes the slacks to migrate in an easterly direction under the influence of the predominantly westerly winds, although easterly winds, mainly in summer months may reverse these trends. Autogenic changes appeared to be important in this succession, and a comparative study of a good example of a primary succession at Mtunzini in Natal was undertaken to elucidate the main mechanism of change. Eight communities that were identified here were concluded to be distnbuted along a gradient of increasing age, with successional changes predictable, linear and directional. Species were grouped in distinct zones along the continuum and edaphic changes (decrease in soil pH, increase in organic matter and exchangeable bases) were related to the community based changes in species composition. The mechanism of change supported the facilitation model of plant succession which is a modification of the original Clementsian concept. Similar results were found in the Eastern Cape, but due to the harsh environment, multiple pathways of succession exist. Data from this study lent support to the model of plant succession developed earlier, and confinned that the dune slacks played an important role in this facilitation by acting as centres of diversity. The foredunes were found to have an indirect role in protecting these slacks from salt spray and sand movement. The central theme of the management studies was to investigate the ecological consequences of recreational pressure within the dune environment. Current levels of beach utilization at East London were lower than other beaches in South Africa, but a general trend of increasing utilization due to sociopolitical changes can be expected. The suitability of questionnaire surveys to assess aspects such as the adequacy of facilities, perceptual carrying capacity and the beach users opinion of natural vegetation and preference for particular beaches was demonstrated. The dune vegetation was found to be sensitive to human trampling, but at current levels, the ecological carrying capacity will not be exceeded since results of the aerial census counts and questionnaire survey revealed that few people entered sensitive zones such as the coastal forest. More detailed long term studies on the susceptibility of dune vegetation to both trampling and off-road vehicle impacts revealed a low resilience of dune plant communities to these effects. Although susceptibility differed between the three communities tested, generally the greatest amount of damage occurred after the first few passages, and vehicles caused a more significant decrease in height when compared to trampling. Recovery rates were slow and low levels of repeated damage were sufficient to retard or prevent the recovery of the plants. Stricter control of vehicle use on beaches is therefore required, and in high use zones the ecological carrying capacity should be increased by providing access tracks if possible, or if not possible, by restricting access. A historical account of the process of dune stabilization showed that although first initiated in 1845, indigenous species were only used in the past three decades. The use of alien species has resulted in problems such as a reduction in the ecological integrity and aesthetic appeal of coastal systems. The techniques applied in the stabilization of drift sands with indigenous vegetation have been successful, as revealed by a quantitative survey of 17 sites in the Eastern Cape. Sites were grouped by multivariate analysis on the basis of their species composition, and variability between sites was dependent on the types of species planted. Selection of suitable species is therefore important and is discussed with respect to their natural distribution along the coast. The long term objective of stabilization should be the creation of functional, diverse, aesthetic ecosystems, since the intrinsic and economic value of the dune landscape for tourism lies therein. However, detailed studies should be undertaken prior to implementing a manipulative process such as dune stabilization, since ecological processes may be disrupted. An understanding of such processes is therefore important if one wishes to effectively manage the dune landscape.
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Ballard, Eleanor Lucy. "The ecology and management of sand-dune machair grasslands in Ireland." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267821.
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Burns, Michael Edmund Reid. "A synecological study of the East London coast dune forests." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006134.
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Quantitative community descriptions, based on point quarter sample data, are made for a number of dune forest units along the East London coast. These are supported by multivariate classifications and ordinations which illustrate the inter community variation between the sampled seaward, landward and dune valley sites. Climax valley forest is floristically most characteristic and can be clearly distinguished from the seaward and landward thicket communities which tend to show a degree of similarity. Within-forest community differences are shown to be more significant than variation along the coast. This appears to indicate that climoedaphic gradients established laterally to the coast induce a greater floristic response than the rainfall gradient within the study area. The state of developnent within the dune soil profile and the rate and effect of salt spray deposition are considered to be important factors influencing dune forest succession and are discussed in some detail. An overview of certain other climatic variables as well as the geological features within the study area is also given. A phenology study of the dune forest, scrub-thicket and strand plant cornnunities shows some general patterns of flowering and fruiting phenorhythms. Although much variation was observed, there appears to be a bimodal hyperactive phenophase response which is thought to be related to rainfall or periods of favourable soil moisture conditions. A brief discussion of some of the positive and negative human influences on the coastline is given. This includes a description of the management activities carried out in the area as well as the demands placed on ·the coastal resource.
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Knevel, Irma Cornelia. "The life history of selected coastal foredune species of South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003776.
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South African dune fields are severely threatened by human expansion and in the long run the stabilisation of many dunes will be necessary. The alien grass Ammophila arenaria is the most important drift sand stabiliser at present in South Africa. Although not invasive, the current impact of A. arenaria on the dune systems of South Africa is considerable, and thus the stabilising benefit of the grass seemed to may be outweighed by its negative consequences. It is therefore preferable to use indigenous sand stabilising species. In order to define guidelines for the application of indigenous plants for stabilisation, their autecology should be studied first to enhance the chance of successful stabilisation results. The main aim of the present thesis was to gather information on the life history processes of selected indigenous, sand stabilising foredune species. To investigate the growth of foredune pioneer species, the common pioneer Scaevola plumieri was followed over a three-year period to determine the growth season and leaf phenology. Soil-borne pathogens are known to influence the growth and vegetation dynamics of foredune species. To examine this effect on the South African foredunes the rhizosphere soil and the roots of several species were studied. To test the effect of the nematode fauna on succeeding plant species a transplantation experiment was carried out. The seed stage is the only life-cycle stage that can survive unfavourable conditions. Therefore, the seed ecology of several foredune species was studied extensively to determine the reproductive season, the seed production, the fate of seeds after shedding (germination, seawater dispersal), germination requirements and seed bank strategy. Seeds of the species Arctotheca populifolia, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Myrica cordifolia, and Scaevola plumieri were subjected to germination trials, field observations on seedling survival, and scarification and stratification experiments. This was done to obtain information about the germination requirements and to determine the reproductive season and growth season. The seed bank strategy of the foredune species, as well as the seed bank density, was determined by extensive sampling along the Cape coast. The species S. plumieri thrived under sand accretion situations, which makes it a good candidate for stabilisation purposes. The growth of S. plumieri was seasonal, with the highest leaf production during spring and summer. The stem position on the foredune had a strong effect on the overall performance of S. plumieri , with the stems situated on the landward face of the foredune showing higher leaf and seed production. Theiii nematode survey of soil and roots of several foredune species showed that all plant species featured a specific nematode fauna in the rhizosphere soil and the roots. The specific nematode fauna affected the growth of foreign plant species in the transplantation experiment, resulting in a lower root and/or shoot biomass production. Most of the foredune species produce seeds from spring to late summer. For S. plumieri the position of the stem on the dunes, as well as the predation of unripe seeds affected the number of seeds produced. The highest production was found for the landward faced stems. The S. plumieri seeds were able to float on seawater for at least three months without losing viability, as was observed for seeds of I. pes-caprae. The seeds of M. cordifolia, however, sank after a few days, but their viability was not affected. The rhizome fragments of A. arenaria and S. virginicus floated for 120 days, whereas the fragments of E. villosa sunk after one day. The viability of S. virginicus fragments was affected by the duration in seawater by an increase in sprouting time. The seeds of all species tested germinated readily under controlled conditions, except S. plumieri seeds which required a long lag-phase before germination. In the field the seeds of A. populifolia, I. pes-caprae and S. plumieri germinated, producing many seedlings. Only the seedlings of A. populifolia and S. plumieri survived. Of the species found in the foredunes 57% was represented in the soil seed bank. For most species, the seeds that were found in the seed bank showed viability of at least 40%. Many of the seeds found were older than one year, suggesting a short-term persistent seed bank. The present study is a start in filling the gap in information on dune pioneer and foredune species. The conclusion was that in general all species in the present study were easy to grow under controlled conditions, and thus could be used for stabilisation purposes. When the more rapidly growing pioneer species are planted in combination with succeeding foredune species, a functional and aesthetic ecosystem could be created.
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Dutton, John. "The relationship between the European wild rabbit and sand dune vegetation in Jersey." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267724.
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Earl, G. "Eco-hydrological interactions within a sand dune system in South East England." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2015. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/13317/.
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The research was undertaken at a sand dune system located along the South East coast of England, known as Sandwich Bay. Sandwich Bay has attracted a number of environmental designations, including Special Areas of Conservation and a Site of Special Scientific Interest due to the presence of rare habitats and flora found predominantly at this single site, such as Himantoglossum hircinum (lizard orchid) and Orobanche caryophyllacea (bedstraw broomrape). The research focus centred on concerns surrounding ecological change resulting in the loss of grey dunes, an Annex 1 priority feature. Sandwich Bay has been classed as a Special Site of Scientific Interest in unfavourable condition (Natural England, 2014), based primarily upon the loss of fixed grey dune habitats to neutral grasslands (SD8 to MG1/MG12 NVC classifications). The aim was to identify causative factors that might account for the observed historic and any current changes in vegetation. The research was conducted between October 2011 and September 2014, and focused upon hydro-chemical interactions in the environment. Analysis was undertaken by the installation of 103 dipwells across the 520 ha site, in order to obtain groundwater samples. The hydro-chemical and botanical analysis indicated that the vegetation composition was not affected significantly by the chemical constituents within the groundwater. However vegetation composition was significantly modified by variable surface elevation and the related height of the water table. An additional investigation focused upon the identification of management techniques that are thought to be beneficial to dune vegetation restoration. Three management trials were located at three different sites, investigating four different management treatments. Analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the various management treatments and species composition. Vegetation analysis indicated that both cut and remove, and burning, as management treatments encouraged a greater diversity of species, particularly in sheltered eutrophic areas.
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Koenig, Daniel Edgar. "The effects of dune stabilization on the spatiotemporal distribution of soil moisture resources, Northern Great Plains, Canada." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3308.
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In dryland environments, the availability of soil moisture is the primary control on plant species’ distributions. In the sandhill regions of the northern Great Plains, vegetation establishment has transformed highly mobile, desert-like dune fields into stabilized landscapes covered by mixed-grassland prairie. This study examines how dune stabilization has modified the spatiotemporal distribution of soil moisture resources. An ergodic (space-for-time) approach was used, comparing soil moisture dynamics on active and vegetation-stabilized dunes in the Bigstick Sand Hills of southwestern Saskatchewan. Results indicate that while dune stabilization has enhanced near-surface soil moisture availability, deeper profile soil moisture recharge is reduced. Through better understanding how vegetation has modified soil moisture dynamics in stabilizing sandhill regions, better management practices may be implemented to maintain water resource availability and ecosystem health.xii, 97 leaves : ill., maps ; 29 cm
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Ripley, B. S. "The ecophysiology of selected coastal dune pioneer plants of the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003791.
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Understanding the mechanisms and adaptations that allow only certain species to thrive in the potentially stressful foredune environment requires a knowledge of the basic ecophysiology of foredune species. Ecophysiological measurements were conducted on the foredune pioneer species Arctotheca populifolia (Berg.) Norl., Ipomoea pes-caprae(L.) R. Br. and Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl. and showed significant differences among species with respect to the physiology associated with biomass production, water and nutrient relations. Differences related to CO₂ assimilation included differences in photosynthetic and respiratory rates, susceptibility to light stress and leaf and stem non-structural carbohydrate concentrations. These resulted in differences in primary production rates of shoots. Mechanisms leading to the differences in CO₂ assimilation among species included differences in stomatal behaviour, carboxylation efficiencies, efficiencies of utilisation of incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and rates of ribulose-1,6-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration. Correlated with differences in photosynthetic capacity were differences in chlorophyll contents but not differences in leaf nitrogen content. Differences in interspecific stomatal behaviour resulted in significantly different transpiration rates which in combination with differences in assimilation rates resulted in differences in water-use efficiency. The absolute amounts of water transpired, although significantly different among species, were moderate to high in comparison with species from other ecosystems and were typical of mesophytes. Transpiration rates in combination with plant hydraulic conductances and soil water availability resulted in leaf water potentials that were not very negative and none of the investigated species showed evidence of osmotic adjustment. The volume of water transpired by each of the species per unit land surface area was estimated from the relationship between abiotic factors and plant water loss. These relationships varied among species and had varying degrees of predictability as a result of differences in stomatal behaviour between the three species. The water requirements of A. populifolia and S. plumieri were adequately met by the water supplied by rainfall and the water stored in the dune sands. It was therefore not necessary to invoke the utilisation of ground water or the process of internal dew formation to supply sufficient water to meet the requirements. However, I. pes-caprae despite its lower transpiration rates and due to its higher biomass, lost greater volumes of water per unit dune surface area than either A. populifolia or S. plumieri. This resulted in periods of potential water limitation for I. pes-caprae. Incident light was the most important determinant of leaf photosynthetic CO₂ assimilation and transpiration, particularly as a linear relationship between incident PPFD and atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) could be demonstrated. Whole plant photosynthetic production by S. plumieri was shown to be light limited as a result of mutual shading despite high incident and reflected PPFD occurring in the foredune environment. The leaf hair-layer of A. populifolia was shown to be important in reducing transmitted UV and hence reducing photoinhibition but it also caused reduced transpiration rates because of the thicker boundary layer and thus increased leaf temperatures. The nutrient content of above-ground plant parts of the investigated species were typical of higher plants despite the low nutrient content measured for the dune soils. With the possible exception of nitrogen the nutrient demand created by above-ground production was adequately met by the supply of nutrients either from sand-water or from aquifer-water transpired by the plants. Differences in the volumes of water transpired, and hence the quantity of nutrients potentially taken up via the transpiration stream, resulted in interspecific differences in above-ground plant macronutrient content. The reallocation patterns of nutrients differed both between the various nutrients measured and interspecifically. Standing biomass and the density of plants per unit land area was low in comparison to that of other ecosystems and was different among investigated species. This may be important in maintaining the adequate supply of resources (water, nutrients and light). As a result of the interspecific differences in biomass when production was expressed per unit land surface area the resultant productivity was not dissimilar among species. Productivity was high when comparisons were made with species from other ecosystems. No single resource (water, nutrients or light) could be identified as the controlling factor in the foredune environment and a combination of both resource stress and environmental disturbance are likely to be involved. Physiology, production, growth and growth characteristics conveyed certain adaptive advantages to these species in respect to both resource stress and environmental disturbance. Interspecific differences in these adaptations can be used to offer explanations for the observed microhabitat preferences of the three investigated species. Furthermore features common to all three species offer some explanations as to why these species and not others are able to inhabit the foredunes.
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Haller, Anjanette H. A. "The presence and role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in coastal sand dune systems." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003765.
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Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are mutually beneficial symbiotic associations between the roots of plants and certain Zygomycetous fungi. The role of AM fungi in coastal sand dunes has been explored in many parts of the world, though little work has been conducted in South African dune systems. This study aimed to investigate the presence and extent of mycorrhizal colonisation of a coastal sand dune in South Africa. The roots of five plant species (Scaevola plumieri, Arctotheca populifolia, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Ehrharta villosa and Chrysanthemoides monilifera) were sampled along a foredune profile at Old Woman's River in the Eastern Cape. These roots were assessed for the percentage mycorrhizal colonisation they supported. Spores extracted from the rhizosphere sand of each plant species were counted and identified to genus level. Results were related to seasonality and the position of the plants along the profile. All plant species were found to be mycorrhizal. Percentage colonisation ranged from 0-92%, depending on plant species and season. Mycorrhizal colonisation was generally highest in the winter months, and especially so in I pes-caprae and E. villosa. The extent of various mycorrhizal structures in root tissue varied between plant species. Spore numbers ranged from 0-48 spores 100g-1 sand with highest numbers occurring in winter. S. plumieri and A. populifolia were associated with greatest spore abundance. Four fungal genera (Glomus, Acaulospora, Scutellospora and Gigaspora) were identified. Distribution of these genera showed seasonal variations between plant species. A bioassay, using Sorghum, was conducted to test the inoculum potentials of sand from the Scaevola hummock and the IpomoealEhrharta dune. Highest percentage colonisation occurred in plants grown in the Scaevola sand, which also had the lowest root and shoot measurements. The bioassay confirmed that AM propagules are present and viable, even in the mobile sand of the foredune. This study showed that mycorrhizal colonisation and spore numbers varied seasonally, but that the extent of this was dependent on plant species. The position of plants along the foredune profile tended to be less important than plant species. It is thought that the growth cycle and rooting system of each plant species determines seasonal cycles and abundance of AM fungi. Variation within fungal populations probably also impacts on this. Knowledge of the presence and distribution of AM fungi in this system paves the way for more detailed studies which need to examine the role of these endophytes in South African sand dunes.
Books on the topic "Sand dune ecology Victoria"
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Dargie, T. C. D. Sand dune vegetation survey of Scotland. Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage, 1998.
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Dargie, T. C. D. Sand dune vegetation survey of Scotland. Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage, 1998.
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Dargie, T. C. D. Sand dune vegetation survey of Scotland. Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage, 1998.
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Dargie, T. C. D. Sand dune vegetation survey of Scotland. Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage, 1998.
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Dargie, T. C. D. Sand dune vegetation survey of Scotland. Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage, 1999.
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Dargie, T. C. D. Sand dune vegetation survey of Scotland. Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage, 1998.
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Galvin, Cory D. Sand Dunes: Ecology, Geology and Conservation. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2011.
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1963-, Martínez M. L., and Psuty Norbert P, eds. Coastal dunes: Ecology and conservation. Berlin: Springer, 2008.
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Łukasiewicz, Aleksander. Charakterystyka roślin psammofilnych i ich przystosowania do środowiska wydmowego Mierzei Łebskiej. Poznań: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 1992.
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Cassar, Louis F. Coastal sand dunes under siege: A guide to conservation for environmental managers. [Malta]: International Environment Institute, Foundation for International Studies, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sand dune ecology Victoria"
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Watkinson, A. R., and A. J. Davy. "Population biology of salt marsh and sand dune annuals." In Ecology of coastal vegetation, 487–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5524-0_53.
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Kim, Jae-Eun, and Sun-Kee Hong. "Human Impact on Coastal Sand Dune Ecosystems in Korea." In Landscape Ecology in Asian Cultures, 111–27. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-87799-8_9.
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Page, R. R., S. G. da Vinha, and A. D. Q. Agnew. "The reaction of some sand-dune plant species to experimentally imposed environmental change: a reductionist approach to stability." In Ecology of coastal vegetation, 105–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5524-0_11.
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Seely, Mary K. "Sand Dune Communities." In The Ecology of Desert Communities, 348–82. University of Arizona Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv34h09ws.16.
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Maun, M. Anwar. "Plant communities." In The Biology of Coastal Sand Dunes. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570356.003.0016.
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Plant communities of the dune complex are a result of interaction between tolerance of plant species and sandy substrate, high wind velocities, salt spray, sand accretion and environmental heterogeneity. Propagules of many plant species are dispersed by water currents and deposited on the driftline. Most of these species find ideal conditions for germination but seedling establishment, growth and reproduction is denied to all but a few species with ecological amplitude sufficient to withstand the physical stresses associated with sand accretion, erosion and sandblasting in the highly disturbed environment. The distinct differences between habitats from the water´s edge to the inland grass-forest ecotone leads eventually to the establishment of ecologically distinct communities consisting of both plants and animals. The distinction is caused by sharp differences in the physical environment that may create sharp zones with abrupt or gradual blending of the two community types. In some locations these zones are relatively stable for long periods before any visible change occurs in the community depending on the recession of the shoreline, availability of new bare areas and the advance of communities towards the sea coast. The occurrence of plant communities in zones has been documented along sea coasts worldwide. This chapter examines the plant communities of the sand dune complex along seashores of the world. The following information has been assembled from Doing (1985), Dry coastal ecosystems Vol. 2 A, B, C, edited by Eddy van der Maarel (1993), Doody (1991) and Thannheiser (1984). It presents data on plant communities and ecology of each zone from various parts of the world. The species complement in the ´foredune complex´ in tropical, temperate and other regions around the world may be different, but their response to the prevailing environmental stresses of foredunes is convergent. In different world regions the boundaries between vegetation zones of the sand dune complex may not be defined sharply because of climatic variability, geographic location, physiography of the dune system and other factors peculiar to each location. Usually three to six different plant assemblages have been identified on the dune complex along sea coasts and lakeshores. A brief description of vegetation and ecological traits of species in each zone are presented below.
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Maun, M. Anwar. "Seed dispersal." In The Biology of Coastal Sand Dunes. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570356.003.0008.
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Dispersal is a term used for the dissemination of detached reproductive structures from parent plants to a new site. Disseminules include spores, seeds, fruits, whole inflorescences, whole plants, fragments of the parent plant, bulbs and bulbils. Fruit attributes related to a particular dispersal agent or dispersal syndromes are complex and have resulted from millions of years of evolution. In practice, dispersal is mainly local, although some species of sea coasts are well adapted for long-distance dispersal. Knowledge of the modes of plant dispersal is vital to the study of coastal dune ecology because of the clear correlation between diversity and dispersal mechanisms. From the evolutionary point of view, dispersal improves fitness of species: the progeny is able to colonize a new site and extend the range of the species. The fitness here will be defined as getting to a coastal site by using any vector for dispersal, colonization of the new site (germination, establishment and reproduction) and dispersal of the propagules of the immigrant from the new site. Dispersal confers many benefits to the populations of plant species. It reduces competition for limited space and resources in the parental location and the more widely dispersed the propagules, the greater are the chances for the offspring to colonize elsewhere. Dispersal increases the chances of survival and evolution of more fit strains of a species by occupying more diverse habitats than the parents, and speciation may eventually occur in response to new selective pressures. For species adapted to live along sea coasts, dispersal by sea is primarily directed for dissemination to another site by the sea coast. During dispersal several physiological changes may occur in the disseminules that facilitate colonization of the species at the new habitat. For example, Barbour (1972) reported that immersion of upper fruits of Cakile maritima in seawater stimulated their subsequent germination under controlled conditions. Seed coat dormancy may also be broken by abrasion of seeds in sand while being rolled along the sand surface. Considering the large number of species along coasts and on islands, only a very few species may be successfully disseminated in seawater.
Conference papers on the topic "Sand dune ecology Victoria"
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Бадюкова, Е., E. Badyukova, Леонид Жиндарев, Leonid Zhindarev, Светлана Лукьянова, Svetlana Lukyanova, Г. Соловьева, and G. Solov'eva. "ACCUMULATION-DEFLATIONARY PROCESSES ON MARINE SAND BARS COASTS OF THE SOUTHERN-EAST BALTIC." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce3887ae4e9.49318189.
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Modern accumulative and deflation forms of a coastal eolian relief on the sea coast of Kuronian and Vistula Spits are considered. It is established that on coastal barriers there are at the same time processes of accretion and degradation of a dune ridge and leaned against it foredune. Alternation of stable and erosive sites of a dune ridge is revealed. The last has destruction signs as with sea (wave erosion), and from the land side where the whirls of a wind stream creating numerous deflation basins in dune ridge have great value.
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Выхованец, Г., and G. Vyhovanec. "MORPHOLOGY AND DYNAMICS OF THE LIMANIC BARRIERS ALONG THE BLACK SEA COAST UNDER ACTIVE ANTROPOGENOUS IMPACT." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce38b172424.51413389.
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Typical coastal elements of limans and lagoons are barriers, that separate limanic aquatories from a Seas. On limanic shores structure of the Black Sea sand barriers represented three longitudinal landscape “zones”: sea beach (“frontal”), dune-aeolian and limanic (“back of the barrier”). They closely interactive between themselves under influence of lithodynamical exchanges of sediment. General tendency of the barriers dynamics is displacement to Land direction.