Academic literature on the topic 'Sand-clay mixture'

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Journal articles on the topic "Sand-clay mixture"

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Yin, Kexin, Anne-Laure Fauchille, Eugenia Di Filippo, Panagiotis Kotronis, and Giulio Sciarra. "A Review of Sand–Clay Mixture and Soil–Structure Interface Direct Shear Test." Geotechnics 1, no. 2 (2021): 260–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics1020014.

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Natural soils are usually heterogeneous and characterized with complex microstructures. Sand–clay mixtures are often used as simplified soils to investigate the mechanical properties of soils with various compositions (from clayey to sandy soils) in the laboratory. Performing laboratory tests on a sand–clay mixture with definite clay fraction can provide information to understand the simplified soils’ mechanical behavior and better predict natural soils’ behavior at the engineering scale. This paper reviews previous investigations on sand–clay mixture and soil–structure interface direct shear
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Zhang, Yuxin, Jianzhong Li, and Chuang Zhang. "The Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Reticulated Red Clay-Sand Mixture Using X-Ray Diffraction." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 2 (2021): 022081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/2/022081.

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Abstract To assess the behavior of Reticulated Red Clay (RRC)-sand mixtures, a series of laboratory tests were performed on RRC-sand mixtures in which the weight ratio of sand ranging from 0% to 80%. Compaction test and direct shear test were conducted to evaluate the compactness of mixtures. The threshold sand content for the change of the mechanical properties of the mixture is 50%, and the mixture at this time has the densest structure. Oedometer test to the mixture indicate that the coefficient and compression modulus of it are only related to the ratio of its components. As the sand conte
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Louafi, Bahia, and Muawia A. Dafalla. "Moisture and Dry Density Influence on Compacted Clay and Clay-Sand Mixtures." Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés 32, no. 1 (2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/rcma.320105.

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The influence of initial moisture content and dry density on swelling clays was extensively investigated in the literature. In order to explore the relationships that exist between the swelling parameters of clay soils and the water content, initial dry density, and sand content, a series of experimental tests were conducted on pure clay and clay treated with 20% sand. The swelling pressure and the swell potential were also tested for sand-clay mixtures. The results showed a significant influence of the initial water content on the swell potential of bentonite and bentonite sand mixture. The i
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Liang, Chen, Cai Guo-dong, Gu Jia-hui, Tan Ye-fei, Chen Cheng, and Yin Zi-xue. "Effect of Clay on Internal Erosion of Clay-Sand-Gravel Mixture." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (August 26, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8869289.

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In this study, a one-dimensional seepage test apparatus was used to investigate the effect of clay on the critical hydraulic gradient, hydraulic conductivity, migration of fine particles in soil, and percentage of fine particle loss during the internal erosion of clay-sand-gravel mixture, compared with clean gravel. The critical hydraulic gradient and fine sand loss percentage of the clay-sand-gravel mixture decreased, and critical flow velocity and the hydraulic conductivity increased. Six clay-sand-gravel mixture samples with different clay contents were used to evaluate the effect of differ
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Liutyi, R., M. Fyodorov, M. Fesenko, and D. Liuta. "REGULATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF SAND-CLAY MOLDING MIXTURES BY SODIUM PHOSPHATE ADDITIONS." New Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering, no. 2 (June 20, 2023): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2023-2-6.

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Purpose. Study of the effect of sodium phosphate additives on the properties of a reversible sand-clay mixture in the green and dry state to improve the quality of castings from iron-carbon and aluminum alloys.
 Research methods. A reversible molding mixture based on quartz sand and kaolin clay was used. The effect of three additives (sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate) in amounts from 0.5 to 2.0% was studied. Properties of mixture were determined using standard methods: clay component content, strength, gas permeability, crumbleness, flowability, form
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Chu, Chengfu, Zilong Wu, Yongfeng Deng, Yonggui Chen, and Qiong Wang. "Intrinsic compression behavior of remolded sand–clay mixture." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 7 (2017): 926–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0453.

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A series of incremental loading oedometer tests was conducted on pure clays and sand–clay mixtures with various sand/clay ratios and clay mineral compositions. The void indexes Iv and IvH were introduced to evaluate their intrinsic compressibility. Test results revealed that Iv was more suitable for depicting the compression behavior of pure clays than IvH; whereas, for the compressibility of sand–clay mixtures, the normalized compression line by using Iv was obviously different from that of pure clays and traditional soils due to the presence of sand particles. Therefore, a four-phase analysi
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Subramanian, Sathya, and Taeseo Ku. "Yielding behaviour of cemented binary mixture." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 11007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199211007.

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Cement stabilization is commonly used for improving soft soils and the mechanical behaviour of cemented pure clay has been well documented. However, limited studies have investigated the effect of sand in a cement-clay matrix because the conventional water to solid (solid includes soil and cement) ratio cannot be simply used to characterize the behaviour of cemented binary mixture. The water holding capacity of the mixture reduces with increase in sand content, when the water to solid ratio is kept constant. In this study, the ratio of water to clay and cement is kept constant, so that the eff
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Yin, Kexin, Jiangxin Liu, Andreea-Roxana Vasilescu, Eugenia Di Filippo, and Khaoula Othmani. "A Procedure to Prepare Sand–Clay Mixture Samples for Soil–Structure Interface Direct Shear Tests." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 5337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125337.

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A large number of experimental studies on sand–clay mixtures are well documented in the literature; however, the preparation protocol is rarely clearly detailed or varies a lot according to the authors. Variations in the preparation technique obviously increases the challenge of comparing different test results. As a consequence, sample preparation for sand–clay mixtures should be kept as constant as possible to ensure homogeneity and uniformity of samples and limit result variability. This paper develops a detailed procedure on how to prepare sand–clay samples for interface direct shear tests
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Eze, E. O., and L. E. Ileli. "Use of "Shikoko” Clay for Synthetic Sand Moulding." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.353.

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“Shikoko” clay and dredged river sand from Warri, Nigeria were investigated for their use in synthetic sand moulding. Shikoko is a local name for organic clay that dries appreciably to a brownish gray, leather-like consistency. The clay was initially tested for organic matter content, natural water content, particle size distribution, consistency limits and linear shrinkage. The base sand dredged river sand from the same town - was tested for specific gravity, and grain size characteristics. Tests showed that the best mix with the clay was at the binder contents of 13, 17, 33 and 50% of the dr
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Tahar, Nouioua, Gueddouda Mohamed Kamel, Guoal Idriss, and Ferhat Ahmida. "Thermo-mechanical behavior of compressed earth blocks (CEB) stabilized and reinforced with fibers." South Florida Journal of Development 5, no. 10 (2024): e4500. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv5n10-020.

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This study is part of the development of eco-materials (dune sand, clay soil and natural fibers) for masonry and the rehabilitation of heritage in arid and semi-arid environments which are found in abundance in North Africa. The manufacture of compressed earth bricks stabilized (BTCS) has gained some momentum over the last decade. First, we present the results of characterization tests of sand-clay mixtures based on the compressive strength criterion. Secondly, an optimization of the stabilizer of the sand-clay mixtures using different percentages of lime was carried out. The choice of lime as
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sand-clay mixture"

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Olmez, Mehmet Salih. "Shear Strength Behaviour Of Sand-clay Mixtures." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609558/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT SHEAR STRENGTH BEHAVIOUR OF SAND - CLAY MIXTURES &Ouml<br>LMEZ, Mehmet Salih M.S., Department of Civil Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Mehmet Ufuk ERGUN May 2008, 106 pages A clean sand having about 5 % fines has been mixed with 5 to 40 % commercial kaolin to form different sand-clay soil mixtures. The purpose of making this study is to observe the effects of fraction of fine materials in the soil mixture on the behavior of shear strength. Three series of experiments have been performed throughout the study. Undrained triaxial compression tests (series 1) are performed on specim
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AHMED, AATIF. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WETTING SOIL WATER CHARACTERISTIC CURVE OF SAND WITH MIXTURE OF BENTONITE CLAY." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18888.

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Soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) also known as water retention curve is an integral part of unsaturated soil mechanics. SWCC is a constitutive relation in unsaturated soil mechanics where soil suction is related to water content. Wetting SWCCs were determined for different sand-bentonite clay mixtures. With the help of the Van-Genuchten equation, acquired test data were fitted. Wetting SWCC can be related to flow of water through unsaturated zones of soil from the groundwater table to the ground surface. Negative column test was employed to determine SWCC since it is fairly simple
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Li, Ling. "Thermally and Chemically Induced Changes in Interface Shear Behavior of Landfill Liners." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32995.

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Composite liners are used in landfills to isolate solid waste from the local environment. The combination of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane and compacted clay liner (CCL) is commonly used worldwide. In the Ontario region, bentonite sand mixtures (BSMs) and the local clay i.e. Leda clay, can be considered as appropriate CCL materials. However, the interface failure between smooth HDPE and CCL is a critical issue for landfill safety. The shear stress behavior and strength parameters at the interface between the HDPE and CCL can be affected by many factors, such as temperature and
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Virgl, Vítězslav. "Vlastnosti formovacích směsí ze směsných bentonitů po opakovaném použití." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382285.

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High class mold is required for high quality castings. At present, the demands on molding materials are being extended by adding the strict requirement of environmentalists. A suitable variant that meets both demands are green sand molds. The goal of the thesis is to repeatedly cast experimental castings into molds made of 4 types of green sand mixtures. The technological properties of the molds will be compared, the degree of bentonite degradation will be assessed and the surface quality of castings will be assessed according to the amount of adherent molding mixture.
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Yin, Kexin. "Influence of clay fraction on the mechanical behavior of a soil-concrete interface." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ECDN0015.

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L’interface sol-structure est un aspect important des intéractions entre le sol et la structure car elle permet d’assurer en grande partie la stabilité de la structure concernée. Le comportement mécanique de l’interface joue un rôle significatif dans le dimensionnement des structures de génie civil et dans la prédiction de leur comportement dans le temps. L’interface entre le sol et la structure est une fine couche de sol en contact avec la structure, dans laquelle des contraintes et des déformations se développent. A notre connaissance, les travaux précédents de la littérature qui caractérise
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KC, Ramesh. "REDUCTION OF EXPANSIVE INDEX OF KAOLINITE AND BENTONITE CLAY BY USING SAND AND FLY ASH MIXTURES." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1378.

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Expansion or swelling behavior of expansive soil has always created problems in the field of geotechnical engineering. When any construction has been carried out on expansive soil without pre-knowledge of their properties under various environmental conditions, the damage is severe. One of the methods to find out swelling potential of expansive soil is the expansive index (EI). The present study investigates the reduction of EI for the two commercially available expansive soils i.e., kaolinite and bentonite when mixed with Ottawa sand and Class C fly ash. The percentages of Ottawa sand and Cla
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Garba, Mohammed Ali. "Electrical Formation Factor of Beach Sands and Clay-sand Mixtures from Experimental and Digital Rock Physics." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/59632.

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Electrical properties of rocks are important parameters for well-log and reservoir interpretation. However, laboratory measurements are time-consuming and difficult. I develop here a comprehensive and robust methodology to compute the electrical formation factor from digital images obtained by X-ray tomography, for clean and shaly sands. Key points of this study are finite size effects of the cubes used for computation, and comparison of trends (and not individual data) formed by laboratory-measured and computed properties.
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Purwana, Yusep Muslih. "Experimental study on unsaturated direct shear and California bearing ratio tests with suction monitoring on sand-kaolin clay mixtures." Thesis, Curtin University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1892.

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The laboratory study on unsaturated soil may comprise the study of devices or apparatus used and the study of the behaviour of soil itself. In both, suction is the main issue of the study’s concern. One of the common devices for unsaturated soil strength-testing is a suction-controlled direct shear box. With this device, suction is generated by controlling water pressure and air pressure during the test. A relatively rare method in unsaturated soil testing is suction-monitored direct shear. In this test, soil suction is not controlled; rather it is directly monitored by attaching the tensiomet
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Cunha, Camila Loss dos Santos. "Estudo das características de compressibilidade unidimensional e plasticidade de misturas de argila e areia." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6170.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:05:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Loss dos Santos Cunha.pdf: 1837978 bytes, checksum: 3b4c8a5f811b16b50cafa9b37b221389 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20<br>Most theories in geotechnical engineering have been proposed and are applied to pure clay and clean sand and not deal with problems involving soil mixtures. However, due to variability of soil found in nature, there is essential for more knowledge of geotechnical properties of mixtures of clay and sand. This study collected published research about geotechnical behavior of mixtures of
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Wan, Jianhong. "Modélisation numérique multi-échelle du comportement mécanique d'un système pieux-sol." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2023/2023ULILN033.pdf.

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L'étude des systèmes pieux-sol est d'une importance capitale dans le domaine de l'ingénierie géotechnique, car elle est directement liée à la stabilité et à la fiabilité des structures et des infrastructures. Ce travail étudie le comportement mécanique des systèmes pieux-sol, en mettant l'accent sur les pieux en polymère renforcé de fibres (FRP) et les mélanges caoutchouc-sol (RSM). Trois aspects principaux sont étudiés à l'aide de simulations de dynamique moléculaire (MD). Tout d'abord, les propriétés de frottement à l'interface entre le pieu FRP et l'argile sont étudiées à l'aide d'un modèle
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Books on the topic "Sand-clay mixture"

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Strobel, G. S. Resistivity-water content relationship of a sand/bentonite clay mixture. AECL, Whiteshell Laboratories, 1994.

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Million, J. B. Production of vegetables on mixtures of sand tailings and waste phosphatic clay. s.n, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sand-clay mixture"

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Cho, Y. H., M. Watanabe, T. Nakamura, and N. Mizutani. "Morphological Evolution of Clay/Sand Mixture Focusing on Clay Loss." In APAC 2019. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0291-0_82.

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Hamidi, A., A. Shirasb, and S. Tourchi. "On the thermal failure of sand-clay mixture." In Geotechnical Engineering Challenges to Meet Current and Emerging Needs of Society. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003431749-76.

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Singh, Umesh K., S. Kumar, and A. Chakravarti. "Transient Bed Profile for Clay-Silt-Sand Mixture." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8895-8_26.

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Wang, Jui-Pin, Hoe I. Ling, and Yoshiyuki Mohri. "Stress-Strain Behavior of a Compacted Sand-Clay Mixture." In Soil Stress-Strain Behavior: Measurement, Modeling and Analysis. Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6146-2_31.

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Shaikh, Nafisa D. "Effect of Kaolinite Clay and Different Sand Gradation Mixture on Compaction Parameters." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6444-8_45.

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Huynh, Tan Hung, Thanh Phong Le, and Nhat Truyen Phu. "Evaluating Effect of Grain Composition and Moisture Content on the Shear Strength of Sand-Clay Mixture." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7434-4_118.

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Qi, Shuai, Jin-Hui Liu, Hou-Wang Bai, and Shao-Jian Wang. "Mechanical Behavior of Compacted Sand-Clay Mixture with Various Remoulding Water Contents Under Unconfined Compression Condition." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-8990-3_15.

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Arinze Emmanuel, E., and C. Ekeoma Emmanuel. "Experimental and Numerical Performance Evaluation of Cement-Calcined Kaolin-River Sand-Clay Mixture as a Highway Material." In Recent Advances in Geo-Environmental Engineering, Geomechanics and Geotechnics, and Geohazards. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01665-4_72.

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Ramesh, Sabari, and T. Thyagaraj. "Effect of Initial Placement Conditions on the Swell and Hydraulic Behaviour of a Compacted Clay-Sand Mixture During Wet-Dry Cycles." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9823-0_17.

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Yogeshraj Urs, C., and H. S. Prasanna. "Parametric Study on Compaction Characteristics of Clay Sand Mixtures." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6513-5_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sand-clay mixture"

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King, F., C. D. Litke, and S. R. Ryan. "General Corrosion of Copper Nuclear Waste Containers." In CORROSION 1992. NACE International, 1992. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1992-92119.

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Abstract Copper is a candidate container material for the disposal of nuclear waste in Canada. Results from an experimental program are presented that will be used to support long-term predictions of the rate of general corrosion of copper containers. The effects of mass transport on the corrosion of copper in oxygen-containing chloride solution have been studied in three different environments. Firstly, electrochemical studies with a copper rotating disc electrode in NaCl solution indicate that the corrosion rate is limited by the diffusion of CuCl2− away from the electrode surface. Secondly,
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Ellor, James A., and Elisabeth Kuespert. "AST Corrosion Control and Monitoring with VCI Applications." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-10992.

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Abstract Corrosion control of above ground storage tank (AST) tank bottoms remains critical over the life of a tank. A primary form of corrosion control has been the application of cathodic protection (CP). Over time, these systems can fail or reach the end of their design lives. In recent years, vapor corrosion inhibitors (VCI) have been recommended to ensure continued protection of tank bottoms. VCIs have been added as an aqueous slurry mixture under tank bottoms as part of a retrofit of corrosion control systems. Regulations require monitoring of the efficacy of the corrosion control method
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Livanov, Oliver, Alexandru Banescu, Adrian Burada, Paula Pindic, and Ciprian Anore. "THE PARTICLE SIZE OF THE BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN SOME CANALS OF THE FLUVIAL-MARINE DANUBE DELTA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/1.1/s01.17.

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In deltaic environments like the Danube Delta, sedimentary particles can range from clay and silt to sand and gravel. The proximity to the Black Sea introduces marine processes into the deltaic system that can be translated as a mixture of fine-grained sediments derived from the fluvial delta along with marine sediments from the Black Sea. This region is of particular importance for the ecology and hydrology of the Danube Delta due to the presence of sandy deposits that cause a major change in both natural and anthropogenic habitats. The emergence of artificial canals dug in sandy deposits had
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Yan, J., E. Liu, and X. Y. Li. "Seismic Anisotropy in Sediments with Clay-Sand Mixture." In 63rd EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.15.p039.

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Erwansyah, Erwansyah, and Yulian Firmana Arifin. "Chitosan-enhanced bentonite-sand mixture as a clay liner." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREEN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (GCEE 2023). AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0204897.

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Fedakar, Halil I., Wenjing Cai, Cassandra J. Rutherford, and Bora Cetin. "Evaluation of Deformation Behavior of Sand-Clay Mixture under Traffic Loads." In Geo-Congress 2020. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482803.022.

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Strobel, Guye S., Zhen Mu, and Al Wexler. "Remote sensing water content in a clay / sand mixture using Impedance Computed Tomography." In 1992 Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/antem.1992.7854304.

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Al-Ghamdi, Abdullah Saeed. "Effect of Fine Sediments on the Performance of Axial Pumps." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55003.

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This study presents experimental work done to investigate the effect of fine sediment concentration on the performance of axial pumps. The pump was tested at three different motor speeds of 1000 rpm, 1150 rpm and 1350 rpm. At each motor speed, the pump was tested at three different sediment concentrations by weight of 0%, 2.485% and 8.10%. The sediment used in the investigation consists of a mixture of fine sand, silt and clay (16% fine sand, 38% silt and 46% clay). Results show that the efficiency of the axial pump is negatively influenced by the presence of fine sediments in the flow. As the
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Tyurin, E., and M. Davenport. "Shale, Clay and Thin Bed Reservoirs: Appropriate Characterization with the Single Model." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216760-ms.

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Abstract Thomas-Stieber (TS) model analysis (Thomas et.al, 1975) has been used to define thin bed properties using standard logs in multiple reservoirs. A key model assumption is a mixture of sand and shale formation components, and the latter has been particularly discussed on numerous occasions (Kennedy 2018, Juhasz 1986, Skelt 2014, Moss 2008). Net from Thomas-Stieber analysis models are routinely compared with core or other methods and has validated the use of Vshale in those instances. However, in the net sand fraction the presence of dispersed clay can have a dramatic impact on porosity
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"Investigation of Eco – Friendly Interlocking Masonry Units." In Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901618-20.

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Abstract. This project reveals about the detailed investigation of eco-friendly interlocking masonry units. Interlocking between individual units is enabled by providing grooves, male and female joint on them. Hence less mortar is required for construction of masonry units while using these interlocking bricks. Various trails and tests will be conducted on these interlocking bricks by addition of various materials such as E-wastes, coir pith and saw dust in clay soil. Hence the cost of these masonry units will be reduced. All these various mixtures are mixed at different proportions and ideal
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Reports on the topic "Sand-clay mixture"

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Vu, Quoc-Hung, Anh-Minh Tang, and Jean-Michel Pereira. Experimental study on the freezing/thawing characteristic curves of sand/clay mixtures. International Permafrost Association (IPA), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52381/icop2024.223.1.

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Wildenschild, D., J. J. Roberts, and E. D. Carlsberg. On the Relationship Between Microstructure and Electrical and Hydraulic Properties of Sand-Clay Mixtures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/793922.

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Bradford, Joe, Itzhak Shainberg, and Lloyd Norton. Effect of Soil Properties and Water Quality on Concentrated Flow Erosion (Rills, Ephermal Gullies and Pipes). United States Department of Agriculture, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613040.bard.

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Concentrated flow erosion in rills, pipes, ephermal gullies, and gullies is a major contributor of downstream sedimentation. When rill or gullies form in a landscape, a 3- to 5-fold increase in soil loss commonly occurs. The balance between the erosive power of the flow and the erosion resistance of the bed material determines the rate of concentrated flow erosion. The resistance of the bed material to detachment depends primarily on the magnitude of the interparticle forces or cohesion holding the particles and aggregates together. The effect of soil properties on bed material resistance and
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Steudlein, Armin, Besrat Alemu, T. Matthew Evans, et al. PEER Workshop on Liquefaction Susceptibility. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/bpsk6314.

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Abstract:
Seismic ground failure potential from liquefaction is generally undertaken in three steps. First, a susceptibility evaluation determines if the soil in a particular layer is in a condition where liquefaction triggering could potentially occur. This is followed by a triggering evaluation to estimate the likelihood of triggering given anticipated seismic demands, environmental conditions pertaining to the soil layer (e.g., its depth relative to the ground water table), and the soil state. For soils where triggering can be anticipated, the final step involves assessments of the potential for grou
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