Journal articles on the topic 'Sampling of Single Character'
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Ubaidillah, Aan Fardani, Ibrahim Bafadal, Nurul Ulfatin, and Achmad Supriyanto. "CULTIVATING MARINE LEADERSHIP CHARACTER THROUGH MULTICULTURAL BOARDING-SCHOOL SYSTEM." Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan 39, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i1.28344.
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The internalization of character values in the boarding-schools should ideally be designed to answering the challenges of the context of Indonesia as a multicultural country. This study aims to reconstruct the character cultivation through the multicultural boarding school system as an internalization model of marine leadership characters. This study employed a single-holistic case study in a Senior High School of Taruna Nala, East Java, Indonesia, that implemented a boarding school system. The data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentary analysis, and the results was presented interactively. The data sources studied were determined by purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The data validity was tested with four criteria: credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability. This study found that the character of maritime leadership is the reponsive (tanggap), tough (tanggon), and agile (trengginas) as unique-intelligent characters that must be mastered by senior high schools in Indonesia as a maritime country. To make it happens, the internalization of character values can be done through a cultivation model, like in planting, consisting of: (1) determining the goals, (2) the seeds selection, (3) land cultivation, (4) planting the seeds, (5) maintenance, and (6) fertilization. The model is carried out in full through the boarding system education system.
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Zhao, Hui Huang, De Jian Zhou, and Yu Ming Xu. "Research of the SMT Product Character Segmentation Based on Contour Feature." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2019.
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The principles of the Surface Mount Technology (SMT) product character segmentation and its technology could be described as following: SMT product character image is obtained by image sampling equipment and its ideal binary images is got after image processing. In order to segment the SMT product character effectively, a novel character segmentation algorithm is proposed based on contour feature. Three kinds of information are extracted, one is the up contour feature, another is the under contour feature, the third is the width and the height of the image. Then the position of character segmentation is determined according to the width and height of single character, and character segmentation can be accomplish according to its up contour feature and under contour feature. By analyzing the test result, the proposed approach has excellent properties in character segmentation.
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Wagner, Peter J. "Phylogenetic analyses and the fossil record: Tests and inferences, hypotheses and models." Paleobiology 26, S4 (2000): 341–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300027007.
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Tree-based paleobiological studies use inferred phylogenies as models to test hypotheses about macroevolution and the quality of the fossil record. Such studies raise two concerns. The first is how model trees might bias results. The second is testing hypotheses about parameters that affect tree inference.Bias introduced by model trees is explored for tree-based assessments of the quality of the fossil record. Several nuisance parameters affect tree-based metrics, including consistency of sampling probability, rates of speciation / extinction, patterns of speciation, applied taxonomic philosophy, and assumed taxonomy. The first two factors affect probabilistic assessments of sampling, but also can be tested and accommodated in sophisticated probability tests. However, the final three parameters (and the assumption of a correct phylogeny) do not affect probabilistic assessments.Often paleobiologists wish to test hypotheses such as rates of character change or rates of preservation. Assumptions about such parameters are necessary in simple phylogenetic methods, even if the assumptions are that rates are homogeneous or that sampling is irrelevant. Likelihood tests that evaluate phylogenies in light of stratigraphic data and / or alternative hypotheses of character evolution can reduce assumptions about unknowns by testing numerous unknowns simultaneously. Such tests have received numerous criticisms, largely based in philosophy. However, such criticisms are based on incorrect depictions of the logical structures of parsimony and likelihood, misunderstandings about when arguments are probabilistic (as opposed to Boolean), overly restrictive concepts of when data can test a hypothesis, and simply incorrect definitions of some terms.Likelihood methods can test multiparameter hypotheses about phylogeny and character evolution (i.e., rates, independence, etc.). The best hypothesis positing a single rate of independent character change (with no variation among character states) is determined for each topology. Hypotheses about rate variation among characters or across phylogeny, character independence, and different patterns of state evolution then are examined until one finds the simplest (i.e., fewest varying parameters) hypothesis that cannot be rejected given knowledge of a more complicated hypothesis. This is repeated for alternative topologies. An example is presented using hyaenids. Two trees are contrasted, one of which requires the minimum necessary steps and the other of which requires at least seven additional steps. Given either tree, likelihood rejects fewer than three general rates of character change and also rejects the hypothesis of independence among the characters. However, hypotheses of changes in rates across the tree do not add substantially to the tree likelihood. The likelihoods of the trees given stratigraphic data also are determined. Both morphologic and stratigraphic data suggest that the multiparameter hypothesis including the parsimony tree is significantly less likely than the multiparameter hypothesis including a different tree.
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AMEMIYA, S., T. KATOH, I. BORBÉLY-KISS, E. KOLTAY, GY SZABÓ, and S. K. BISWAS. "SHORT-RANGE TRANSPORT OF AEROSOLS EMITTED BY A POINT SOURCE OF MIXED CHARACTER IN COMPLEX TERRAIN." International Journal of PIXE 02, no. 02 (January 1992): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083592000166.
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Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) analysis has been performed to determine the longitudinal distribution of coarse- and fine-fraction as well as total aerosol concentrations at ground level in the neighbourhood of a single emission source situated in a valley in complex terrain. Average environmental impact on the quality of air can be guessed by the comparison of the total .concentration data obtained in two sampling stations with those of a reference background sampling station. Transport properties in the terrain were derived by comparing the measured distributions to the one calculated from a simplified version of the Gaussian plume formula apt for modelling short distance transport over a plane area.
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Lee, Michael S. Y. "Multiple morphological clocks and total-evidence tip-dating in mammals." Biology Letters 12, no. 7 (July 2016): 20160033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0033.
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Morphological integration predicts that correlated characters will coevolve; thus, each distinct suite of correlated characters might be expected to evolve according to a separate clock or ‘pacemaker’. Characters in a large morphological dataset for mammals were found to be evolving according to seven separate clocks, each distinct from the molecular clock. Total-evidence tip-dating using these multiple clocks inflated divergence time estimates, but potentially improved topological inference. In particular, single-clock analyses placed several meridiungulates and condylarths in a heterodox position as stem placentals, but multi-clock analyses retrieved a more plausible and orthodox position within crown placentals. Several shortcomings (including uneven character sampling) currently impact upon the accuracy of total-evidence dating, but this study suggests that when sufficiently large and appropriately constructed phenotypic datasets become more commonplace, multi-clock approaches are feasible and can affect both divergence dates and phylogenetic relationships.
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Cheng, Lei, Zhenzhou Lu, and Luyi Li. "Global Sensitivity Analysis of Fuzzy Distribution Parameter on Failure Probability and Its Single-Loop Estimation." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/490718.
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An extending Borgonovo’s global sensitivity analysis is proposed to measure the influence of fuzzy distribution parameters on fuzzy failure probability by averaging the shift between the membership functions (MFs) of unconditional and conditional failure probability. The presented global sensitivity indices can reasonably reflect the influence of fuzzy-valued distribution parameters on the character of the failure probability, whereas solving the MFs of unconditional and conditional failure probability is time-consuming due to the involved multiple-loop sampling and optimization operators. To overcome the large computational cost, a single-loop simulation (SLS) is introduced to estimate the global sensitivity indices. By establishing a sampling probability density, only a set of samples of input variables are essential to evaluate the MFs of unconditional and conditional failure probability in the presented SLS method. Significance of the global sensitivity indices can be verified and demonstrated through several numerical and engineering examples.
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Iriani, Nur Annisa, Astari Dwiranti, and Andi Salamah. "INDEKS MITOSIS PUCUK DAUN Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. VARIASI SINGLE PINK PADA BEBERAPA VARIASI WAKTU." Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi 13, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v13i1.9454.
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AbstrakHibiscus rosa-sinensis L. atau kembang sepatu merupakan tanaman hias yang memiliki banyak manfaat dan merepresentasikan sifat poliploidi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui Indeks Mitosis (IM) dan jumlah kromosom pucuk daun H. rosa-sinensis pada beberapa variasi waktu. Indeks Mitosis dan waktu pengambilan pucuk sangat diperlukan untuk studi kromosom karena pada tahap tersebut karakter-karakter kromosom dapat diamati dengan jelas dan mudah dihitung. Waktu pengambilan pucuk yang dilakukan yaitu pada 08:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00 WIB. Pembuatan sediaan kromosom dilakukan menggunakan metode squash menggunakan pewarna Aceto-orcein. Tahapan perlakuan meliputi perendaman pucuk daun di dalam air dingin selama 3 jam, fiksasi dalam larutan Carnoy selama ±24 jam, dan hidrolisis dalam larutan HCl 5N selama 30 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai IM tertinggi meristem pucuk daun H. rosa-sinensis variasi single pink besar muncul pada pukul 10:00 sebesar 94%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa waktu sampling yang optimal untuk analisis kromosom H. rosa-sinensis L. variasi single pink besar adalah pukul 10:00 dengan jumlah kromosom 2n= ca. 69-111. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan dasar untuk studi kromosom selanjutnya serta acuan untuk sampling variasi lainnya.Abstract Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. is an ornamental plant that has many benefits and represents the character of polyploidy. The purpose of this study is to find out the Mitotic Index of leaf shoots Hibiscus rosa-sinensis on several shoots sampling times. The Mitotic Index and the timing of shoots sampling time are very necessary for chromosome studies because at this stage chromosomes characters can be clearly observed and easily calculated. Period time of collection the leaf shoots is from 08:00 AM to 16:00 PM, with two hours interval each at 08:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00 . The chromosome preparation was carried out by using the squash method and aceto-orcein staining. The treatment steps included soaking the leaf shoots in cold water for 3 hours, fixation in Carnoy solution for ± 24 hours, and hydrolysis in 5N HCl solution for 30 minutes. The results showed that chromosomes were clearly visualized during the phase with the highest Mitotic Index. In addition, the percentage of Mitotic Index was found to be in line with the percentage of cells in late prophase. Among several sampling time variations, the highest Mitotic Index of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf shoots appeared at 10:00 at 94% with the chromosome numbers of 2n= ca. 69-111. According to the data obtained, it is concluded that 10 AM is the most optimum sampling time that can be used as the basic information for further chromosome studies.
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MADZIA, DANIEL, SVEN SACHS, and JOHAN LINDGREN. "Morphological and phylogenetic aspects of the dentition of Megacephalosaurus eulerti, a pliosaurid from the Turonian of Kansas, USA, with remarks on the cranial anatomy of the taxon." Geological Magazine 156, no. 07 (July 24, 2018): 1201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756818000523.
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AbstractMegacephalosaurus eulerti is a large macropredatory plesiosaur representing one of the last members of the diverse pliosaurid clade Brachaucheninae. The taxon was established upon a nearly complete skull including the mandible and fragments of the postcranial skeleton originating from the lower middle Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas, USA. Owing to its age, reasonable completeness and its state of preservation, M. eulerti bears important anatomical details regarding the last brachauchenines. Here we assess the dentition of the taxon, compare the teeth to those of other thalassophonean pliosaurids and comment on the utility of these results for inferences of the phylogenetic relationships of the last brachauchenines. Additionally, we provide remarks on the cranial anatomy of M. eulerti, revise character scores of this taxon used in current phylogenetic studies and address the phylogenetic relationships within Brachaucheninae. Parsimony analyses, aimed to test different character sampling and tree-search strategy, inferred only a single unambiguous synapomorphy uniting a clade formed by mid- to Late Cretaceous brachauchenines: presence of subcircular rather than subtrihedral/trihedral cross-sectional shape of the teeth. Still, the last brachauchenines (Brachauchenius and Megacephalosaurus) can be roughly characterized by a switch from anisodont to subisodont dentition and reduction of their tooth count. Nevertheless, the overall knowledge of the origin, phylogenetic relationships and distinguishability of brachauchenine pliosaurids remains poor and represents a subject for further extensive studies and modifications in taxon and character sampling.
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COSTA, SUZANA M., FABIO A. VITTA, WILLIAM W. THOMAS, A. MUTHAMA MUASYA, ROSEMERI MOROKAWA, VOLKER BITTRICH, GEORGE J. SHEPHERD, and MARIA DO CARMO E. DO AMARAL. "An updated generic circumscription for Cryptangieae (Cyperaceae, Poales) based on a molecular phylogeny and a morphological character reconstruction." Phytotaxa 483, no. 3 (February 12, 2021): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.483.3.2.
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Cryptangieae is a monophyletic tribe, as asserted in a recent molecular hypothesis, but there are questions about the circumscription and relationships of its genera. We enlarged the sampling of the tribe diversity, including about 80% of known species, and provide new analyses using single and combined matrices from two chloroplast (rbcL and trnL-F) and three nuclear ribosomal (ITS, ETS and 5S-NTS) regions with Bayesian Inference to clarify these questions. We also performed character reconstruction analyses with diagnostic morphological characters, including some traditionally applied in Cryptangieae taxonomy, using parsimony methods. The molecular analyses show Lagenocarpus in the current circumscription as polyphyletic, and the need to merge Cephalocarpus and Everardia to avoid paraphyletic genera. We propose an updated circumscription following the phylogeny, including a new name to a group at generic level (Krenakia); and discuss the phylogenetic significance of the morphological characters in Cryptangieae taxonomy. Though the relationship among some genera still needs more research, the genera we propose are strongly supported clades with clear morphological synapomorphies. Additionally, we provide an identification key, a brief description of genera and a list of accepted species including the required new combinations.
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Ramadhan, Tri Sugiarti, and Eka Farida. "Keputusan Pembelian Dipengaruhi oleh Kesadaran, Kualitas, Asosiasi dan Loyalitas Merek Melalui Kepercayaan Merek Kamera Sony Pada Komunitas Fotografi di Malang." IQTISHODUNA 16, no. 2 (October 26, 2020): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/iq.v16i2.8034.
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The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze purchasing decisions that are influenced by brand awareness, quality, association, and loyalty through brand trust. This type of research is a causal relationship with an explanatory character. The population in this research is the photography community DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) camera users in Malang, East Java, totaling 190 respondents. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 66 respondents. The analysis used is path analysis, and the results show that purchasing decisions are influenced by brand awareness, quality, association, and loyalty through brand trust. The results showed that purchasing decisions are influenced by awareness, quality, association, and brand loyalty through brand trust.
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Pontes, Tiago Arruda, Cássio Van Den Berg, Ivanilza Moreira de Andrade, and Simon Joseph Mayo. "Measuring relative flower size in Anthurium (Araceae) as a continuous quantitative character." Phytotaxa 178, no. 3 (September 17, 2014): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.178.3.2.
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Relative flower size (RFS) was studied quantitatively in natural populations of Anthurium erskinei (one population) and A. talmonii (two populations) to investigate its potential as a taxonomic descriptor. RFS is defined as the ratio of spadix diameter and transverse floral width in the same region of the spadix. Variation was examined within and between inflorescences, populations and species. Within a single spadix, RFS may vary significantly between basal and upper spadix zones but usually not between basal and middle zones. Within populations, RFS does not differ significantly between spadix zones. Log-transformed RFS values showed significant inter-population differences. In nested ANOVA, between-species variance accounted for >90% of total variance. In A. talmonii between-population within-species variance amounted to >78% of total variance (mean RFS values), and within-spadix-zone within-spadix variance accounted for >31% of total variance (individual values). Bootstrap sampling showed that five pairs of flower and spadix diameter measurements per spadix would provide an adequate estimate of mean RFS for each population. The study suggests that RFS can be a useful quantitative taxonomic floral character for comparing species and populations in the genus Anthurium.
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Dimitrov, Dimitar, Lara Lopardo, Gonzalo Giribet, Miquel A. Arnedo, Fernando Álvarez-Padilla, and Gustavo Hormiga. "Tangled in a sparse spider web: single origin of orb weavers and their spinning work unravelled by denser taxonomic sampling." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1732 (November 2, 2011): 1341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2011.
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In order to study the tempo and the mode of spider orb web evolution and diversification, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis using six genetic markers along with a comprehensive taxon sample. The present analyses are the first to recover the monophyly of orb-weaving spiders based solely on DNA sequence data and an extensive taxon sample. We present the first dated orb weaver phylogeny. Our results suggest that orb weavers appeared by the Middle Triassic and underwent a rapid diversification during the end of the Triassic and Early Jurassic. By the second half of the Jurassic, most of the extant orb-weaving families and web designs were already present. The processes that may have given origin to this diversification of lineages and web architectures are discussed. A combination of biotic factors, such as key innovations in web design and silk composition, as well as abiotic environmental changes, may have played important roles in the diversification of orb weavers. Our analyses also show that increased taxon sampling density in both ingroups and outgroups greatly improves phylogenetic accuracy even when extensive data are missing. This effect is particularly important when addition of character data improves gene overlap.
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Noblick, Larry R., and Bruno F. Sant’anna-Santos. "Diversity of leaf anatomy within a single leaflet and between leaflets of four Butia (Arecaceae, Arecoideae) species." PhytoKeys 180 (August 3, 2021): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.66018.
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This paper is an investigation into how the anatomy changes within a leaflet and between the leaflets of a single leaf blade of Butia. Four species of Butia were studied: Butia paraguayensis, B. eriospatha, B. yatay and B. odorata. Changes in the anatomical characters are important because some have been used in keys to help separate the species. Recently, anatomical mid-rib characters were used in a key to separate species of Butia. We found that characters, such as abaxially projected or rounded mid-rib fibrous ring or number and arrangement of accessory bundles, do change within a single leaflet or between the leaflets of a single leaf blade. Growing conditions and leaf developmental maturity are also important factors that influence leaflet anatomy and may cause one to be misled in an identification key based on anatomical characters. We re-emphasize the importance of always sampling from the same part of the leaf, to have a broader sampling, be attentive to the environmental condition and health of the plant from which you are sampling and to consider population differences.
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Rastiti, Tri Dyah, and Ratna Devi Sakuntalawati. "PERAN AYAH SINGLE PARENT DALAM MENJALANKAN FUNGSI KELUARGA PADA MASYARAKAT MISKIN DI KELURAHAN NUSUKAN KECAMATAN BANJARSARI KOTA SURAKARTA." Journal of Development and Social Change 3, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jodasc.v3i1.41677.
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<p>The objective of this thesis research was to describe the role of single parent fathers in carrying out family functions in poor communities in Nusukan Village, Banjarsari Sub-District, Surakarta City. The theory used in this study was the role set theory proposed by Robert K. Merton. This study used a qualitative approach with naturalistic inquiry research method. The sampling technique used was snowball sampling and purposive sampling. The results showed that single parent fathers had carried out family functions. For the socialization function, fathers had become teachers and role models for their children, so that the children had good character. Affection function showed that the fathers became children’s playmate, so that the children became more excited and formed self-confidence and independence. In addition, the fathers had given love and affection to their children. The status determination function showed that the fathers had provided support to the children and appreciated their potential. The protection function showed that the fathers had protected and taught discipline to their children. For the economic function, the fathers had fulfilled the needs of children’s food, clothing and simple housing. In carrying out family functions, the fathers not only had social relationships with their children, such as the oldest child, neighbors, grandmother, siblings, the father’s friends, the school party, and the owner of food stalls and shops.</p><p> </p>
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Zamora, J. C., and S. Ekman. "Phylogeny and character evolution in the Dacrymycetes, and systematics of Unilacrymaceae and Dacryonaemataceae fam. nov." Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 44, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 161–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.07.
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We present a multilocus phylogeny of the class Dacrymycetes, based on data from the 18S, ITS, 28S, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1α, 12S, and ATP6 DNA regions, with c. 90 species including the types of most currently accepted genera. A variety of methodological approaches was used to infer phylogenetic relationships among the Dacrymycetes, from a supermatrix strategy using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference on a concatenated dataset, to coalescence-based calculations, such as quartet-based summary methods of independent single-locus trees, and Bayesian integration of single-locus trees into a species tree under the multispecies coalescent. We evaluate for the first time the taxonomic usefulness of some cytological phenotypic characters, i.e., vacuolar contents (vacuolar bodies and lipid bodies), number of nuclei of recently discharged basidiospores, and pigments, with especial emphasis on carotenoids. These characters, along with several others traditionally used for the taxonomy of this group (basidium shape, presence and morphology of clamp connections, morphology of the terminal cells of cortical/marginal hyphae, presence and degree of ramification of the hyphidia), are mapped on the resulting phylogenies and their evolution through the class Dacrymycetes discussed. Our analyses reveal five lineages that putatively represent five different families, four of which are accepted and named. Three out of these four lineages correspond to previously circumscribed and published families (Cerinomycetaceae, Dacrymycetaceae, and Unilacrymaceae), and one is proposed as the new family Dacryonaemataceae. Provisionally, only a single order, Dacrymycetales, is accepted with in the class. Furthermore, the systematics of the two smallest families, Dacryonaemataceae and Unilacrymaceae, are investigated to the species level, using coalescence-based species delimitation on multilocus DNA data, and a detailed morphological study including morphometric analyses of the basidiospores. Three species are accepted in Dacryonaema, the type, Da. rufum, the newly combined Da. macnabbii (basionym Dacrymyces macnabbii), and a new species named Da. macrosporum. Two species are accepted in Unilacryma, the new U. bispora, and the type, U. unispora, the latter treated in a broad sense pending improved sampling across the Holarctic.
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Widiastuti, Ni Putu Kusuma, and I. Wayan Lasmawan. "Dampak Asesmen Diri Terhadap Karakter dan Literasi Ilmiah Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar." Mimbar Ilmu 27, no. 2 (August 23, 2022): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/mi.v27i2.40960.
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The implementation of the 2013 curriculum in Indonesia has not been carried out optimally. This study aims to analyze the differences in the implementation of self-assessment on character education and students' scientific literacy. The population of this study amounted to 192 students and the sample amounted to 21 students. Sample selection was done by simple random sampling technique. This research is quasi-experimental research (quasi-experimental) with Single Factor Independent Group Design. The data collection technique used a questionnaire for character and a test for scientific literacy. Data were analyzed using Manova. The results showed that the first hypothesis test value of F = 5.313 with a significance of 0.000 <0.05, which means that there are differences in the character of students who take part in learning with the implementation of self-assessment with students who take part in learning with the implementation of conventional assessments. The results of the second hypothesis test show that F = 5.233 with 0.000 <0.05, which means that there are differences in the scientific literacy of students who take lessons with the implementation of self-assessment and students who take lessons with the implementation of conventional assessments. The third hypothesis test shows that F = 1.660 with 0.000 <0.05 which means that there are differences in the character and scientific literacy of students simultaneously between students who take lessons with the implementation of self-assessment and students who take lessons with the implementation of conventional assessments.
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Wang, X., J. Jiang, and R. Kaye. "Improvement of a wind-tunnel sampling system for odour and VOCs." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 9 (November 1, 2001): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0511.
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Wind-tunnel systems are widely used for collecting odour emission samples from surface area sources. Consequently, a portable wind-tunnel system was developed at the University of New South Wales that was easy to handle and suitable for sampling from liquid surfaces. Development work was undertaken to ensure even air-flows above the emitting surface and to optimise air velocities to simulate real situations. However, recovery efficiencies for emissions have not previously been studied for wind-tunnel systems. A series of experiments was carried out for determining and improving the recovery rate of the wind-tunnel sampling system by using carbon monoxide as a tracer gas. It was observed by mass balance that carbon monoxide recovery rates were initially only 37% to 48% from a simulated surface area emission source. It was therefore apparent that further development work was required to improve recovery efficiencies. By analysing the aerodynamic character of air movement and CO transportation inside the wind-tunnel, it was determined that the apparent poor recoveries resulted from uneven mixing at the sample collection point. A number of modifications were made for the mixing chamber of the wind-tunnel system. A special sampling chamber extension and a sampling manifold with optimally distributed sampling orifices were developed for the wind-tunnel sampling system. The simulation experiments were repeated with the new sampling system. Over a series of experiments, the recovery efficiency of sampling was improved to 83-100% with an average of 90%, where the CO tracer gas was introduced at a single point and 92-102% with an average of 97%, where the CO tracer gas was introduced along a line transverse to the sweep air. The stability and accuracy of the new system were determined statistically and are reported.
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Springer, Mark S., Robert W. Meredith, Jan E. Janecka, and William J. Murphy. "The historical biogeography of Mammalia." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1577 (September 12, 2011): 2478–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0023.
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Palaeobiogeographic reconstructions are underpinned by phylogenies, divergence times and ancestral area reconstructions, which together yield ancestral area chronograms that provide a basis for proposing and testing hypotheses of dispersal and vicariance. Methods for area coding include multi-state coding with a single character, binary coding with multiple characters and string coding. Ancestral reconstruction methods are divided into parsimony versus Bayesian/likelihood approaches. We compared nine methods for reconstructing ancestral areas for placental mammals. Ambiguous reconstructions were a problem for all methods. Important differences resulted from coding areas based on the geographical ranges of extant species versus the geographical provenance of the oldest fossil for each lineage. Africa and South America were reconstructed as the ancestral areas for Afrotheria and Xenarthra, respectively. Most methods reconstructed Eurasia as the ancestral area for Boreoeutheria, Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria. The coincidence of molecular dates for the separation of Afrotheria and Xenarthra at approximately 100 Ma with the plate tectonic sundering of Africa and South America hints at the importance of vicariance in the early history of Placentalia. Dispersal has also been important including the origins of Madagascar's endemic mammal fauna. Further studies will benefit from increased taxon sampling and the application of new ancestral area reconstruction methods.
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Thibert, E., and C. Vincent. "Best possible estimation of mass balance combining glaciological and geodetic methods." Annals of Glaciology 50, no. 50 (2009): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769546.
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AbstractVariance analysis of the long time series of mass balances recorded on Glacier de Sarennes (45°07’ N, 6°07’ E) France, since 1949 shows that the variability can be separated linearly in two spatial and temporal terms. Annual balances deviate from their mean values over the period of record by an annual amount that is uniform over the glacier. Annual balances at each stake are therefore highly correlated, and sampling at a single site would be acceptable to record the annual deviation. A result of the linear character of the variance is the possibility of obtaining a systematic error-free estimate of the annual glacier-total budget by combining the mean annual balance obtained from photogrammetry and the annual deviation obtained from the variance analysis, rather than using the traditional area integration of balances at each stake.
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Sang, Haitao, Li Xiang, Shifeng Chen, Bo Chen, and Li Yan. "Image Recognition Based on Multiscale Pooling Deep Convolution Neural Networks." Complexity 2020 (September 7, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6180317.
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Depth neural network (DNN) has become a research hotspot in the field of image recognition. Developing a suitable solution to introduce effective operations and layers into DNN model is of great significance to improve the performance of image and video recognition. To achieve this, through making full use of block information of different sizes and scales in the image, a multiscale pooling deep convolution neural network model is designed in this paper. No matter how large the feature map is, multiscale sampling layer will output three fixed-size character matrices. Experimental results demonstrate that this method greatly improves the performance of the current single training image, which is suitable for solving the image generation, style migration, image editing, and other issues. It provides an effective solution for further industrial practice in the fields of medical image, remote sensing, and satellite imaging.
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Ausich, William I., Thomas W. Kammer, and Tomasz K. Baumiller. "Demise of the middle Paleozoic crinoid fauna: a single extinction event or rapid faunal turnover?" Paleobiology 20, no. 3 (1994): 345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300012811.
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Macroevolutionary change from the Middle to the Late Paleozoic crinoid fauna was not the result of mass extinction. The presumption that the decline of the middle Paleozoic crinoid fauna was from a single mass extinction event was tested using seriation, multidimensional scaling (MDS), binomial analysis, and bootstrapping simulations on a data set which is a comprehensive revision of old faunal lists. The data for these analyses were based on temporal distributions of 214 species from 69 late Osagean and early Meramecian localities from the midcontinental United States. The time under consideration is subdivided into seven informal intervals using MDS in conjunction with biostratigraphy. Seriation of species ranges into these intervals results in a gradual pattern of faunal turnover, and sampling bias can be eliminated as a cause for this more gradual pattern. MDS analysis of the crinoid range data is similar to MDS simulations using data with continuous, monotonic species turnover and dissimilar to a simulated mass extinction. Binomial analysis and bootstrapping demonstrate that the observed number of extinctions at the putative extinction boundary were not unusually high. All methods agree that extinctions throughout this time were high but spanned several time intervals and that rapid, monotonic faunal turnover describes the data better than mass extinction. Macroevolutionary processes other than mass extinction and microevolutionary processes must have dictated the character and composition of this remarkable faunal transition among the Crinoidea.
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Zeng, Z. B., D. Houle, and C. C. Cockerham. "How informative is Wright's estimator of the number of genes affecting a quantitative character?" Genetics 126, no. 1 (September 1, 1990): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/126.1.235.
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Abstract S. Wright suggested an estimator, m, of the number of loci, m, contributing to the difference in a quantitative character between two differentiated populations, which is calculated from the phenotypic means and variances in the two parental populations and their F1 and F2 hybrids. The same method can also be used to estimate m contributing to the genetic variance within a single population, by using divergent selection to create differentiated lines from the base population. In this paper we systematically examine the utility and problems of this technique under the influences of unequal allelic effects and initial allele frequencies, and linkage, which are known to lead m to underestimate m. In addition, we examine the effects of population size and selection intensity during the generations of selection. During selection, the estimator m rapidly approaches its expected value at the selection limit. With reasonable assumptions about unequal allelic effects and initial allele frequencies, the expected value of m without linkage is likely to be on the order of one-third of the number of genes. The estimates suffer most seriously from linkage. The practical maximum expectation of m is just about the number of chromosomes, considerably less than the "recombination index" which has been assumed to be the upper limit. The estimates are also associated with large sampling variances. An estimator of the variance of m derived by R. Lande substantially underestimates the actual variance. Modifications to the method can ameliorate some of the problems. These include using F3 or later generation variances or the genetic variance in the base population, and replicating the experiments and estimation procedure. However, even in the best of circumstances, information from m is very limited and can be misleading.
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Wehbi, Mohamad, Daniel Luge, Tim Hamann, Jens Barth, Peter Kaempf, Dario Zanca, and Bjoern M. Eskofier. "Surface-Free Multi-Stroke Trajectory Reconstruction and Word Recognition Using an IMU-Enhanced Digital Pen." Sensors 22, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 5347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145347.
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Efficient handwriting trajectory reconstruction (TR) requires specific writing surfaces for detecting movements of digital pens. Although several motion-based solutions have been developed to remove the necessity of writing surfaces, most of them are based on classical sensor fusion methods limited, by sensor error accumulation over time, to tracing only single strokes. In this work, we present an approach to map the movements of an IMU-enhanced digital pen to relative displacement data. Training data is collected by means of a tablet. We propose several pre-processing and data-preparation methods to synchronize data between the pen and the tablet, which are of different sampling rates, and train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to reconstruct multiple strokes without the need of writing segmentation or post-processing correction of the predicted trajectory. The proposed system learns the relative displacement of the pen tip over time from the recorded raw sensor data, achieving a normalized error rate of 0.176 relative to unit-scaled tablet ground truth (GT) trajectory. To test the effectiveness of the approach, we train a neural network for character recognition from the reconstructed trajectories, which achieved a character error rate of 19.51%. Finally, a joint model is implemented that makes use of both the IMU data and the generated trajectories, which outperforms the sensor-only-based recognition approach by 0.75%.
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Arifin, Andi Agustan, and Dewi Mufidatul Ummah. "Pengaruh Pola Asuh Orang Tua Tunggal Dalam Keluarga Terhadap Kedisiplinan Belajar Siswa." JURKAM: Jurnal Konseling Andi Matappa 2, no. 1 (February 19, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31100/jurkam.v2i1.93.
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The purposes of this study are to know (1) The description of foster care single parent households for students, (2) The image on students learning discipline, (3) The influence of foster care single parent households toward the students learning discipline. This study used quantitative approach with correlation design to examine the hypothesis of the influence of foster care single parent households toward the students learning discipline. There are 12 students as samples, live in single parent households or fostered by single parent. Sampling method used purposive sampling. Technique of collecting data used a closed questionnaire which was analyzed to examine the validity of its value and reliability. Verifying data of questionnaires used SPSS program Version 17,0, for windows. The results of this study showed that: (1) foster care of single parent households students is in good category, means that single parents are able to provide support or responsibility toward his son to form their characters, personalities, and to provide good values for children. (2) the level of learning discipline students is in high category, means that students have good attitude or behavior obeying the rules in school activities. (3) There is a positive influence between foster care single parent households toward the students learning discipline of SMP 1 Cina. It means that students whose parents gave good foster care will have good learning discipline.
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Hartman, Scott, Mickey Mortimer, William R. Wahl, Dean R. Lomax, Jessica Lippincott, and David M. Lovelace. "A new paravian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight." PeerJ 7 (July 10, 2019): e7247. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7247.
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The last two decades have seen a remarkable increase in the known diversity of basal avialans and their paravian relatives. The lack of resolution in the relationships of these groups combined with attributing the behavior of specialized taxa to the base of Paraves has clouded interpretations of the origin of avialan flight. Here, we describeHesperornithoides miesslerigen. et sp. nov., a new paravian theropod from the Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic) of Wyoming, USA, represented by a single adult or subadult specimen comprising a partial, well-preserved skull and postcranial skeleton. Limb proportions firmly establishHesperornithoidesas occupying a terrestrial, non-volant lifestyle. Our phylogenetic analysis emphasizes extensive taxonomic sampling and robust character construction, recovering the new taxon most parsimoniously as a troodontid close toDaliansaurus,Xixiasaurus, andSinusonasus. Multiple alternative paravian topologies have similar degrees of support, but proposals of basal paravian archaeopterygids, avialan microraptorians, andRahonavisbeing closer to Pygostylia than archaeopterygids or unenlagiines are strongly rejected. All parsimonious results support the hypothesis that each early paravian clade was plesiomorphically flightless, raising the possibility that avian flight originated as late as the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous.
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Tung, Chun-Liang, Ching-Hsin Wang, and Bo-Syuan Peng. "A Deep Learning Model of Dual-Stage License Plate Recognition Applicable to the Data Processing Industry." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (November 11, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3723715.
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Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) is a widely used technology. However, due to the influence of complex environmental factors, recognition accuracy and speed of license plate recognition have been challenged and expected. Aiming to construct a sufficiently robust license plate recognition model, this study adopted multitask learning in the license plate detection stage, used the convolutional neural networks of single-stage detection, RetinaFace, and MobileNet, as approaches to license plate location, and completed the license plate sampling through the calculation of license plate skew correction. In the license plate character recognition stage, the Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) integrated with the loss function of the CTC model was employed as a segmentation-free and highly robust method of license plate character recognition. In this study, after the license plate recognition model, DLPR, trained the PVLP dataset of vehicle images provided by company A in Taiwan’s data processing industry, it performed tests on the PVLP dataset, indicating that its precision was 98.60%, recognition accuracy was 97.56%, and recognition speed was FPS > 21. In addition, according to the tests on the public AOLP dataset of Taiwan’s vehicles, its recognition accuracy was 97.70% and recognition speed was FPS > 62. Therefore, not only can the DLPR model be applied to the license plate recognition of real-time image streams in the future, but also it can assist the data processing industry in enhancing the accuracy of license plate recognition in photos of traffic violations and the performance of traffic service operations.
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Terry, Darrell A., and Camelia C. Knapp. "Identification of gas hydrates and bottom-simulating reflectors in far-offset seismic images." Interpretation 9, no. 2 (April 21, 2021): SD53—SD69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2020-0168.1.
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The presence of marine gas hydrates is routinely inferred based on the identification of bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) in common-depth-point (CDP) seismic images. Additional seismic studies such as amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis can be applied for corroboration. Although confirmation is needed by drilling and sampling, seismic analysis has proven to be a cost-effective approach to identify the presence of marine gas hydrates. Single-channel far-offset seismic images are investigated for what appears to be a more reliable and cost-effective indicator for the presence of BSRs than traditional CDP processing or AVO analysis. A nontraditional approach for processing seismic data is taken to be more relevant to imaging the gas/gas hydrate contact. Instead of applying the traditional CDP seismic processing workflows from the oil industry, we more carefully review the significant amount of information existing in the data to explore how the character of the data changes as offset angle increases. Three cases from different environments are selected for detailed analysis. These include (1) stratigraphy running parallel with the ocean bottom, (2) a potential BSR, running parallel to the ocean bottom, and cross-cutting dipping reflections, and (3) a suspected thermal intrusion without a recognizable BSR. This investigation considers recently collected multichannel seismic data from the deep waters of the central Aleutian Basin beneath the Bering Sea, the preprocessing of the data sets, and the methodology for processing and display to generate single-channel seismic images. Descriptions are provided for the single-channel near- and far-offset seismic images for the example cases. Results indicate that BSRs related to marine gas hydrates, and originating due to the presence of free gas, are more easily and uniquely identifiable from single-channel displays of far-offset seismic images than from traditional CDP displays.
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deAndrés-Galiana, Enrique J., Juan Luis Fernández-Martínez, Lucas Fernández-Brillet, Ana Cernea, and Andrzej Kloczkowski. "Addressing Noise and Estimating Uncertainty in Biomedical Data through the Exploration of Chemical Space." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 12975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112975.
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Noise is a basic ingredient in data, since observed data are always contaminated by unwanted deviations, i.e., noise, which, in the case of overdetermined systems (with more data than model parameters), cause the corresponding linear system of equations to have an imperfect solution. In addition, in the case of highly underdetermined parameterization, noise can be absorbed by the model, generating spurious solutions. This is a very undesirable situation that might lead to incorrect conclusions. We presented mathematical formalism based on the inverse problem theory combined with artificial intelligence methodologies to perform an enhanced sampling of noisy biomedical data to improve the finding of meaningful solutions. Random sampling methods fail for high-dimensional biomedical problems. Sampling methods such as smart model parameterizations, forward surrogates, and parallel computing are better suited for such problems. We applied these methods to several important biomedical problems, such as phenotype prediction and a problem related to predicting the effects of protein mutations, i.e., if a given single residue mutation is neutral or deleterious, causing a disease. We also applied these methods to de novo drug discovery and drug repositioning (repurposing) through the enhanced exploration of huge chemical space. The purpose of these novel methods that address the problem of noise and uncertainty in biomedical data is to find new therapeutic solutions, perform drug repurposing, and accelerate and optimize drug discovery, thus reestablishing homeostasis. Finding the right target, the right compound, and the right patient are the three bottlenecks to running successful clinical trials from the correct analysis of preclinical models. Artificial intelligence can provide a solution to these problems, considering that the character of the data restricts the quality of the prediction, as in any modeling procedure in data analysis. The use of simple and plain methodologies is crucial to tackling these important and challenging problems, particularly drug repositioning/repurposing in rare diseases.
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Arias, Joshua D., Erin Manzitto-Tripp, Carrie A. Kiel, Lucinda A. McDade, and Amanda E. Fisher. "An Evolutionary Framework of Acanthaceae Based on Transcriptomes and Genome Skims." Systematic Botany 47, no. 3 (September 16, 2022): 716–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364422x16573019348256.
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Abstract— Acanthaceae is a family of tropical flowering plants with approximately 4900 species. Despite remarkable variation in morphological traits, research on patterns of character evolution has been limited by uncertain relationships among some of the major lineages. We sampled 16 taxa from these major lineages to estimate a phylogenomic framework using a combination of five newly sequenced shotgun genome skims plus seven new and four publicly available transcriptomes. We used OrthoFinder2 to infer a species tree with strong branch support. Except for the placement of Crabbea, our results corroborate the most recent chloroplast and nrITS sequence-based topology. Of 587 single copy loci, 10 were recovered for all 16 species; a RAxML tree estimated from these 10 loci resulted in the same topology as other datasets assembled in this study, with the exception of relationships among three sampled species of Barleria; however, branch support was lower compared to the tree reconstructed using more data. ABBA-BABA tests were conducted to investigate patterns of introgression involving Crabbea; few nucleotides supported alternative topologies. SplitsTree networks of the 587 loci and 6136 orthogroup trees revealed conflict among the branches leading to Andrographideae, Whitfieldieae, and Neuracanthus. A principal components analysis in treespace found no distinct clusters of trees. Our results based on combined genome skim and transcriptome sequences strongly corroborate the previously published chloroplast and nr-ITS-based phylogeny of Acanthaceae with increased resolution among Barlerieae, Andrographideae, Whitfieldieae, and Neuracanthus. This advance in our knowledge of Acanthaceae relationships will allow us to investigate character evolution and other phenomena within this diverse group of plants in studies with increased taxon sampling.
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Smith, Mardia Bin, Permata Sari, and Jumadi Mori Salam Tuasikal. "Traditional Games: techniques in group guidance for Strengthening Pancasila student profiles in elementary schools." KONSELI : Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling (E-Journal) 10, no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/kons.v10i1.16541.
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Strengthening the Pancasila student profile is the latest issue in the world of education in Indonesia. All projects and learning methods used aim to shape the character of Pancasila students. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of group guidance using the traditional bilu-bilu game to strengthen the profile of students of Pancasila at SD N 60 Kota Timur. This research is a single case experimental design study with A-B design and involves four respondents using a random sampling method. The instruments used in this study were the Pancasila student profile scale and observation guidelines. The analysis technique used is clinical and statistical analysis. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the profile of Pancasila students through traditional bilu-bilulu games at baseline A1, intervention, and baseline A2. Schools can adapt classic games in guidance and counselling services or in the learning process to strengthen the Pancasila student profile. This study combines group guidance stages with traditional games, allowing students to gain meaningful experiences in each guidance session. The results of this study can be used as a reference for schools to develop group guidance service programs using local wisdom.
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Li, Jun, Jun Wang Tong, Shou Fang Jiang, Liu Nan, Shao Jia Wang, Jie Wang, and Meng Chun Ye. "Water Quality Monitoring, Early Warning and Identification of Risk Sources of South Lake Central Ecological Park in Tangshan City." Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.147.
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Objectives To assess the current eutrophication and heavy metal pollution condition of South Lake by monitoring the water quality of South Lake Central Ecological Park in Tangshan city and to provide basic information and science basis for the continuity environmental monitoring and further treatment. Methods The water samples in South Lake were collected during 10th-12st May, 2011. Samples of surface water in Xixingchi, Yanglongshui, and Qingtianjing were determined temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD520), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and so on. Single water quality index and the integrated pollution index were calculated to assess water quality of sampling point. Results The sense character of all sample points did not accord with national standards.The BOD520 of Xixingchi, West Yanglongshui, North Yanglongshui and the four sampling points of Qingtianjing were more than national standards. The TP, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen of Qingtianjings sample points exceeded national standards. Indicatorss of other sample were accord with national standards. Xixingchi, whichs comprehensive pollution index was 0.27, belonged to clean water. Yanglongshui, which`s comprehensive pollution index was 0.22, belonged to clean water too. Qingtianjing, whichs comprehensive pollution index was 1.99, belonged to polluted waters. Conclusions Xixingchi and Yanglongshui belongs to clean water. Qingtianjing belongs polluted water. The TP, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen of Qingtianjings four sample points exceeded national standards. The severity of the pollution is: Qingtianjing>Yanglongshui>Xixingchi.
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Aghaeepour Gavasaraee, Maedeh, Masoud Mohammadi, Ghasem Naziri, and Azam Davoodi. "The effectiveness of schema therapy and cinema therapy in improving early maladaptive schemas and harm avoidance temperament in people with an avoidant personality disorder: A single case study." Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry 9, no. 5 (November 22, 2022): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/shenakht.9.5.115.
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Introduction: Avoidant personality disorder is a relatively common personality disorder, widely coinciding with other axis I and axis II disorders. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy and cinema therapy in improving early maladaptive schemas and harm avoidance temperament dimension in patients with an avoidant personality disorder. Method: This single-case research used a quasi-experimental multiple-baseline design. Among 18 to 35-year-old patients referred to the Armana Psychological Clinic in 2021, 4 individuals diagnosed with personality disorders based on a semi-structured clinical interview scale were selected by purposeful sampling. The tools used in this study were schema, temperament, and character questionnaires. The therapeutic program was held for 34 sessions of 60-minute, and the follow-up phase was performed 3 months after the end of the intervention. The data were analyzed by drawing charts and calculating clinical significance indices. Results: Participants’ scores in terms of schemas showed a descending trend from baseline to the end of the treatment, indicating slight improvement (25%-49%). Regarding the avoidance temperament variable, the scores showed a downward direction compared to baseline, revealing an improvement percentage of less than 25%. The scores of clinical significance indices (RCI≥1.96) in both variables indicated the effectiveness of the therapeutic method. Conclusion: Schema therapy and cinema therapy were efficient in treating maladaptive schemas in patients with an avoidant personality disorder; however, efficacy was inadequate for correcting the variable of harm avoidance temperament.
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Diamanti, Nectaria, E. Judith Elliott, Steven R. Jackson, and A. Peter Annan. "The WARR Machine: System Design, Implementation and Data." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 23, no. 4 (December 2018): 469–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/jeeg23.4.469.
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In this paper, we describe a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system called the wide angle reflection and refraction (WARR) machine, outline the design and discuss the implementation challenges. WARR and the closely related common-mid-point (CMP) GPR soundings have been standard survey methods to measure velocity since GPR first existed. Earliest efforts demonstrated the variation in ice sheet velocity versus depth. Although GPR multi-offset soundings are valuable survey methods, they have seen little adoption since many systems are not bistatic. In addition, surveys most often use a single transmitter with a single receiver deployed sequentially at varying antenna separations, making data acquisition slow. Modern instrumentation with recent advances in GPR timing and control technology has enabled deployment of systems with multiple concurrent sampling receivers. This development has resulted in the ability to continuously acquire multi-offset WARR data at the same rate as two dimensional (2D) common offset reflection surveys in the past. The concomitant issues of survey design plus organizing the WARR data storage, documentation and analysis present numerous challenges. The extraction of velocity information from the large volumes of GPR WARR/CMP data demands automated analysis techniques. We have explored the use of normal move out (NMO) stacking at creating enhanced zero offset section from multi-offset data. Furthermore, we investigated the use of semblance analysis at estimating move-out velocities in order to apply in the NMO stack. These traditional seismic processing steps have proven to be less effective with GPR. These conclusions point to the differences in data character between seismic and GPR. Results of in-field deployment are used to illustrate advances to date and point the way to further advancements.
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Hejnol, Andreas, and Christopher J. Lowe. "Embracing the comparative approach: how robust phylogenies and broader developmental sampling impacts the understanding of nervous system evolution." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1684 (December 19, 2015): 20150045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0045.
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Molecular biology has provided a rich dataset to develop hypotheses of nervous system evolution. The startling patterning similarities between distantly related animals during the development of their central nervous system (CNS) have resulted in the hypothesis that a CNS with a single centralized medullary cord and a partitioned brain is homologous across bilaterians. However, the ability to precisely reconstruct ancestral neural architectures from molecular genetic information requires that these gene networks specifically map with particular neural anatomies. A growing body of literature representing the development of a wider range of metazoan neural architectures demonstrates that patterning gene network complexity is maintained in animals with more modest levels of neural complexity. Furthermore, a robust phylogenetic framework that provides the basis for testing the congruence of these homology hypotheses has been lacking since the advent of the field of ‘evo-devo’. Recent progress in molecular phylogenetics is refining the necessary framework to test previous homology statements that span large evolutionary distances. In this review, we describe recent advances in animal phylogeny and exemplify for two neural characters—the partitioned brain of arthropods and the ventral centralized nerve cords of annelids—a test for congruence using this framework. The sequential sister taxa at the base of Ecdysozoa and Spiralia comprise small, interstitial groups. This topology is not consistent with the hypothesis of homology of tripartitioned brain of arthropods and vertebrates as well as the ventral arthropod and rope-like ladder nervous system of annelids. There can be exquisite conservation of gene regulatory networks between distantly related groups with contrasting levels of nervous system centralization and complexity. Consequently, the utility of molecular characters to reconstruct ancestral neural organization in deep time is limited.
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GEIGER, DANIEL L. "Monographing micromolluscs: A case study on Scissurellidae s.l. (Vetigastropoda)." Zoosymposia 1 (July 25, 2008): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.1.1.11.
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The last taxonomic monographs of micromolluscs (size less than 5 mm) of worldwide scope date back to the turn of the 19th/20th century, prior to the invention of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the present study, experiences from the preparation of a monograph on worldwide Scissurellidae s.l., a gastropod taxon comprising minute members plus an overview of this taxon, are provided. The literature is mercifully brief with some 650 references tracked, equal to approximately 4.6 references per species. Relying on secondary resources has proven to be problematic, and all primary taxonomic sources have to be consulted. The internet has made some searches easier, but some invalid names have surfaced. Generic concepts have often not been evaluated phylogenetically, and family-level micromollusc taxa may well be para- or even polyphyletic, which needs to be evaluated early on. Although underdetermined data matrices from shell morphology are problematic, they do provide some information on overall patterns of character evolution. The usual practice of only examining a single specimen by SEM is fraught with problems as it does not permit the identifi cation of intraspecifi c and ontogenetic variability. Old type material should be examined now that environmental and variable pressure SEMs are available. As micromolluscs are most susceptible to adverse environmental and storage conditions, upgrade of storage of micromolluscan types should be given highest priority. At least 89 species (conservative estimate) remain to be described. The Atlantic is less diverse in both species as well as genera. Tropical and temperate waters hold approximately the same number of species, while the polar oceans have a much lower diversity. The geographic coverage of available material is primarily driven by contemporary sampling initiatives, and no sampling bias due to the longer history of collecting in European can be detected. Sampling in general and available material for Scissurellidae declines with depth; only ten lots are known from greater than 3,000 m. Scissurellidae are proportionally less frequent in shallow waters, and are overrepresented on the upper slope (300–1,000 m). Labor-intensive procedures are mainly sorting of micromollusc samples, and digital processing (cut-out) of SEM images.
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Makarova, E. Yu. "THE CONCEPT OF CHRONOTOPE IN THE NOVEL “MRS DALLOWAY” BY V. WOOLF." Language and Intercultural Communication XIII, no. XIII (2020): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/2078-9858-2020.10.07-092-101.
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This article deals with the concept of chronotope in the text of the novel "Mrs. Dalloway” by Virginia Woolf. Certain characteristics of chronotope exemplifying these concepts were selected and analyzed, the former serving as an integral part of the analysis of works of the modern era. As a result of a continuous sampling and subsequent analysis of the text of the novel, we concluded that despite the contrast of the characters from different social classes, they are united by a single spatio-temporal continuum regulated by the chronotope. Virginia Woolf managed to accurately and truthfully convey the atmosphere of 1923, as she was a direct witness to the events taking place in the country and the world at that time.
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Davis, Christopher A. "The Formation of Moist Vortices and Tropical Cyclones in Idealized Simulations." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 9 (September 1, 2015): 3499–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0027.1.
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Abstract The upscale aggregation of convection is used to understand the emergence of rotating, coherent midtropospheric structures and the subsequent process of tropical cyclone formation. The Cloud Model, version 1 (CM1), is integrated on an f plane with uniform sea surface temperature (SST) and prescribed uniform background flow. Deep convection is maintained by surface fluxes from an ocean with uniform surface temperature. Convection begins to organize simultaneously into moist and dry midtropospheric patches after 10 days. After 20 days, the patches begin to rotate on relatively small scales. Moist cyclonic vortices merge, eventually forming a single dominant vortex that subsequently forms a tropical cyclone on a realistic time scale of about 5 days. Radiation that interacts with clouds and water vapor aids in forming coherent rotating structures. Using the path to genesis provided by the aggregated solution, the relationship between thermodynamic changes within the vortex and changes in the character of convection prior to genesis is explored. Consistent with previous studies, the approach to saturation within the midtropospheric vortex accelerates the genesis process. A novel result is that, prior to genesis, downdrafts become widespread and somewhat stronger. The increased downdraft mass flux leads to stronger and larger surface cold pools. Shear–cold pool dynamics promote the organization of lower-tropospheric updrafts that spin up the surface vortex. It is inferred that the observed inconsistency between convective intensity and thermodynamic stabilization prior to genesis results from sampling limitations of the observations wherein the important cold pool gradients are unresolved.
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Garciarena, Unai, Alexander Mendiburu, and Roberto Santana. "Towards Automatic Construction of Multi-Network Models for Heterogeneous Multi-Task Learning." ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data 15, no. 2 (April 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3434748.
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Multi-task learning, as it is understood nowadays, consists of using one single model to carry out several similar tasks. From classifying hand-written characters of different alphabets to figuring out how to play several Atari games using reinforcement learning, multi-task models have been able to widen their performance range across different tasks, although these tasks are usually of a similar nature. In this work, we attempt to expand this range even further, by including heterogeneous tasks in a single learning procedure. To do so, we firstly formally define a multi-network model, identifying the necessary components and characteristics to allow different adaptations of said model depending on the tasks it is required to fulfill. Secondly, employing the formal definition as a starting point, we develop an illustrative model example consisting of three different tasks (classification, regression, and data sampling). The performance of this illustrative model is then analyzed, showing its capabilities. Motivated by the results of the analysis, we enumerate a set of open challenges and future research lines over which the full potential of the proposed model definition can be exploited.
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Kuhn, Kristen L., and Thomas J. Near. "Phylogeny of Trematomus (Notothenioidei: Nototheniidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences." Antarctic Science 21, no. 6 (December 2009): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102009990253.
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AbstractThe biota of Antarctica is amazingly rich and highly endemic. The phylogenetics of notothenioid fishes has been extensively investigated through analyses of morphological characters, DNA sequences from mitochondrial genes, and single copy nuclear genes. These phylogenetic analyses have produced reasonably similar phylogenetic trees of notothenioids, however a number of phylogenetic questions remain. The nototheniid clade Trematomus is an example of a group where phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved. In this paper we revisit the phylogenetic relationships of Trematomus using both increased taxon sampling and an expanded dataset which includes DNA sequences from two mitochondrial genes (ND2 and 16S rRNA) and one single-copy nuclear gene (RPS7). The Bayesian phylogeny resulting from the analysis of the combined mitochondrial and nuclear gene datasets was well resolved and contained more interspecific nodes supported with significant Bayesian posteriors than either the mitochondrial or nuclear gene phylogenies alone. This demonstrates that the addition of nuclear gene sequence data to mitochondrial data can enhance phylogenetic resolution and increase node support. Additionally, the results of the combined mitochondrial and nuclear Bayesian analyses provide further support for the inclusion of species previously classified as Pagothenia and Cryothenia in Trematomus.
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Coppi, Andrea, Lorenzo Cecchi, Daniele Nocentini, and Federico Selvi. "Arnebia purpurea: a new member of formerly monotypic genus Huynhia (Boraginaceae-Lithospermeae)." Phytotaxa 204, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.204.2.3.
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The taxonomic position and affinities of the rare Turkish endemic Arnebia purpurea are analyzed using nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data and morphological characters. Phylogenetic analysis of a wide sample of old-world Lithospermeae consistently retrieved a clade with this species sister to Huynhia pulchra, the only member of the genus Huynhia. All other members of Arnebia s.l. (including Macrotomia) formed a separate clade subdivided in two lineages corresponding to the groups of the annual and the perennial species. Consequently, Arnebia does not appear monophyletic. Floral and palynological characters support the affinity of A. purpurea to Huynhia pulchra, in especially the stamens inserted at different heights in the corolla tube and the pollen grains with a single row of endoapertures along the equatorial belt. We therefore advocate the placement of A. purpurea in Huynhia and propose a new combination, implying that the latter is no longer a monotypic genus but includes two species with a sharply allopatric range in the Middle-East. Further studies with additional markers and a wider taxon sampling will help to elucidate relationships in Arnebia s.l..
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Denyer, Alice L., Sophie Regnault, and John R. Hutchinson. "Evolution of the patella and patelloid in marsupial mammals." PeerJ 8 (August 19, 2020): e9760. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9760.
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The musculoskeletal system of marsupial mammals has numerous unusual features beyond the pouch and epipubic bones. One example is the widespread absence or reduction (to a fibrous “patelloid”) of the patella (“kneecap”) sesamoid bone, but prior studies with coarse sampling indicated complex patterns of evolution of this absence or reduction. Here, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the form of the patella of extant marsupial species and used the assembled dataset to reconstruct the likely pattern of evolution of the marsupial patella. Critical assessment of the available literature was followed by examination and imaging of museum specimens, as well as CT scanning and histological examination of dissected wet specimens. Our results, from sampling about 19% of extant marsupial species-level diversity, include new images and descriptions of the fibrocartilaginous patelloid in Thylacinus cynocephalus (the thylacine or “marsupial wolf”) and other marsupials as well as the ossified patella in Notoryctes ‘marsupial moles’, Caenolestes shrew opossums, bandicoots and bilbies. We found novel evidence of an ossified patella in one specimen of Macropus rufogriseus (Bennett’s wallaby), with hints of similar variation in other species. It remains uncertain whether such ossifications are ontogenetic variation, unusual individual variation, pathological or otherwise, but future studies must continue to be conscious of variation in metatherian patellar sesamoid morphology. Our evolutionary reconstructions using our assembled data vary, too, depending on the reconstruction algorithm used. A maximum likelihood algorithm favours ancestral fibrocartilaginous “patelloid” for crown clade Marsupialia and independent origins of ossified patellae in extinct sparassodonts, peramelids, notoryctids and caenolestids. A maximum parsimony algorithm favours ancestral ossified patella for the clade [Marsupialia + sparassodonts] and subsequent reductions into fibrocartilage in didelphids, dasyuromorphs and diprotodonts; but this result changed to agree more with the maximum likelihood results if the character state reconstructions were ordered. Thus, there is substantial homoplasy in marsupial patellae regardless of the evolutionary algorithm adopted. We contend that the most plausible inference, however, is that metatherians independently ossified their patellae at least three times in their evolution. Furthermore, the variability of the patellar state we observed, even within single species (e.g. M. rufogriseus), is fascinating and warrants further investigation, especially as it hints at developmental plasticity that might have been harnessed in marsupial evolution to drive the complex patterns inferred here.
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Ascarrunz, Eduardo, Julien Claude, and Walter G. Joyce. "Estimating the phylogeny of geoemydid turtles (Cryptodira) from landmark data: an assessment of different methods." PeerJ 7 (August 22, 2019): e7476. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7476.
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Background In the last 20 years, a general picture of the evolutionary relationships between geoemydid turtles (ca. 70 species distributed over the Northern hemisphere) has emerged from the analysis of molecular data. However, there is a paucity of good traditional morphological characters that correlate with the phylogeny, which are essential for the robust integration of fossil and molecular data. Part of this problem might be due to intrinsic limitations of traditional discrete characters. Here, we explore the use of continuous data in the form of 3D coordinates of homologous landmarks on the turtle shell for phylogenetic inference and the phylogenetic placement of single species on a scaffold molecular tree. We focus on the performance yielded by sampling the carapace and/or plastral lobes and using various phylogenetic methods. Methods We digitised the landmark coordinates of the carapace and plastron of 42 and 46 extant geoemydid species, respectively. The configurations were superimposed and we estimated the phylogenetic tree of geoemydids with landmark analysis under parsimony, traditional Farris parsimony, unweighted squared-change parsimony, maximum likelihood with a Brownian motion model, and neighbour-joining on a matrix of pairwise Procrustes distances. We assessed the performance of those analyses by comparing the trees against a reference phylogeny obtained from seven molecular markers. For comparisons between trees we used difference measures based on quartets and splits. We used the same reference tree to evaluate phylogenetic placement performance by a leave-one-out validation procedure. Results Whatever method we used, similarity to the reference phylogeny was low. The carapace alone gave slightly better results than the plastron or the complete shell. Assessment of the potential for placement of single species on the reference tree with landmark data gave much better results, with similar accuracy and higher precision compared to the performance of discrete characters with parsimony.
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Kodama, Kenneth P., Lorraine K. Carnes, John A. Tarduno, and Claudio Berti. "Palaeointensity of the 1.3 billion-yr-old Gardar basalts, southern Greenland revisited: no evidence for onset of inner core growth." Geophysical Journal International 217, no. 3 (March 8, 2019): 1974–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz126.
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SUMMARY The age of the inner core nucleation is a first-order problem in the thermal evolution of the Earth that can be addressed with palaeomagnetism. We conducted a palaeointensity study on the 1.3 Ga Gardar basalts from southern Greenland to investigate previously reported high ancient geomagnetic field intensities. Biggin et al. used the earlier result to identify nucleation of Earth's solid inner core at 1.3 Ga. We collected 106 samples from 39 flows from the lavas of the Eriksfjord Formation, sampling 17 of the lower flows, 8 of the middle flows and 14 of the upper flows. Rock magnetic analyses, including magnetic hysteresis, first-order reversal curves and magnetic susceptibility versus temperature measurements, suggest that the predominate magnetic mineral in the lower basalts is low Ti titanomagnetite, whereas the middle and upper flows have varying amounts of hematite. The magnetic hysteresis data suggest that magnetic grains range from multidomain to single domain in character, with an apparent dominance of pseudo-single behaviour. Thellier–Thellier double heating experiments using the IZZI methodology yielded vector endpoint diagrams and Arai plots showing two components of magnetization, one up to approximately 450 °C and the higher temperature component typically from 450°C up to 580°C, but sometimes to as high as 680°C. We attribute the lower temperature component, to partial overprinting by the nearby Ilimaussaq intrusion, and acquisition of viscous remanent magnetization. We use the Thellier autointerpreter assigning standard selection criteria vetted by cumulative distribution plots. This approach yields a palaeointensity of 6.5 ± 5.9 μT (1 SD) based on 27 samples from 13 flows and a nominal virtual dipole moment (VDM) of 1.72 × 1022 Am2. However, we cannot exclude the possibility of bias in this value related to chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) and multidomain effects. We isolate a conservative upper bound on palaeointensity as the highest palaeointensity result that is free of CRM effects. This yields a palaeointensity of ∼18 μT, and a VDM of ∼4.5 × 1022 Am2, which is a field strength similar to many other Proterozoic values. Thus, our analysis of the Gardar basalts supports the conclusion of Smirnov et al. that there is no palaeointensity signature of inner core growth 1.3 billion yr ago.
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Srivastava, Shivi. "An Analysis on Human Resource Management Practices and Job Satisfaction with Special Reference to IT Company." Shanlax International Journal of Management 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/management.v8i3.3479.
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The job satisfaction of employees signifies one of the furthermost multifaceted zones fronting nowadays executives when it talks about handling their workers. The human resource department should focus on promoting job satisfaction. Till individuals and every single company release not all of the effort to discover the specific difficulties which touch not only their gratification but the complete performance, it will develop loads of trouble. The specific study is regarding the Human Resource Management Practices and job satisfaction with special reference to IT Company. The study was undertaken at SDITS: Software Development & Website Designing Company in Lucknow. The worker of the company was the target populace chosen for this work. The pilot study presented numerous aids to know the circumstances and to confirm the samples of the work. The sample frame for work was 200; for executing a pilot study, the investigator took a quantity of 5% of the sample frame, a size of 25. It displayed the response as 95% belongs to a specific category. So the investigator has taken S as 95% and T as 5%. The level of confidence reserved is 95%; thus, the Z value is 1.96. If Z is 95%, the E value must be 5%. Therefore, the sample size is 129. This is the descriptive research study and stratified random sampling grounded on six subdivisions like Human Resource, Finance, Labour, Quality management, Production and Research and Development for picking samples.It was marked that practically every worker was fulfilled with their effort under the assumed practices of human resources management. The specific work once more evidenced that practices of human resource management have countless character within the company to encounter their objectives. Till the company providing complete effort, each worker will confront terrible outcomes.
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Piotrowska-Weryszko, Krystyna, and Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska. "Spatial differentiation of airborne arboreal pollen in Lublin (Poland)." Acta Agrobotanica 68, no. 4 (2015): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2015.035.
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The study compared the occurrence of airborne pollen of 7 arboreal taxa (<em>Corylus</em>, <em>Alnus</em>, Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, <em>Populus</em>, <em>Fraxinus</em>, <em>Betula</em> and <em>Carpinus</em>) during the period 2007–2009 from two sites in Lublin city, SE Poland. The sites differed in the character of building development and surrounding vegetation. Pollen monitoring was conducted by the volumetric method using two Hirst-type samplers. Daily and intradiurnal pollen counts were determined. For all the taxa, Spearman’s test revealed statistically significant positive correlations between daily pollen fluctuations at two sites. Nevertheless, the Mann–Whitney <em>U</em>-test showed differences for Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, <em>Fraxinus</em>, <em>Populus</em> and <em>Corylus</em> between sites. The intradiurnal pattern of pollen concentration was characterized by high variation. Cupressaceae/Taxaceae and <em>Populus</em>, clearly differed in hourly pollen concentrations at both sites. Moreover, in the case of <em>Betula</em> and <em>Alnus</em> it was shown that a part of pollen recorded in Lublin can originate from long-distance transport. High pollen concentrations can be expected at different hours of the day. The lowest average pollen concentrations at both sites were found during morning hours at 5 and 6 a.m. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that data from a single pollen-sampling device are not representative of some taxa in the particular districts of the city. Average data obtained from at least two pollen samplers could provide optimum results.
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Yamanoi, Takahiro, Hisashi Toyoshima, Toshimasa Yamazaki, Shin-ichi Ohnishi, Michio Sugeno, and Elie Sanchez. "Micro Robot Control by Use of Electroencephalograms from Right Frontal Area." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 13, no. 2 (March 20, 2009): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2009.p0068.
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In order to develop a brain machine interface, the authors have investigated the brain activity during human recognition of characters and symbols representing directional meaning. They have recorded electroencephalograms (EEGs) from subjects viewing four types of Kanji (Chinese characters being used currently in the Japanese language) and arrows that were presented on a CRT. Each of the four characters or symbols denoted direction for upward, downward, leftward and rightward, respectively. Subjects were asked to read the characters or symbols, silently. EEGs were averaged for each stimulus type and direction, and event related potentials (ERPs) were obtained. The equivalent current dipole source localization (ECDL) method has been applied to these ERPs. In both cases, equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) were localized to areas related to the working memory for spatial perception, such as the right upper or the right middle frontal areas. Taking into account these facts, the authors have investigated a single trial EEGs of the subject precisely after the latency at 400 ms, and it was determined effective sampling latencies for the discriminant analysis to four types of arrow: ↑, ↓, ←, and →. EEG data have been sampled at latency from 400 ms to 900 ms at 25 ms interval by the three channels in the right upper and the right middle frontal gyri. Results of the discriminant analysis for four type objective variates, presented discriminant rates were above 80%. By four type code of infrared rays according to the discrimination results from a PC, the authors have controlled a micro robot, the e-puck, with four orders: forward, rotate clockwise, rotate counterclockwise and stop.
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Alex Love, S., and D. Lane. "P082: Predictive ability of the quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score among patients with infection transported by paramedics: a Bayesian analysis." CJEM 21, S1 (May 2019): S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.273.
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Introduction: The quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score was developed to provide clinicians with a quick assessment for patients with latent organ failure possibly consistent with sepsis at high-risk for mortality. With the clinical heterogeneity of patients presenting with sepsis, a Bayesian validation approach may provide a better understanding of its clinical utility. This study used a Bayesian analysis to assess the prediction of hospital mortality by the qSOFA score among patients with infection transported by paramedics. Methods: A one-year cohort of adult patients transported by paramedics in a large, provincial EMS system was linked to Emergency Department (ED) and hospital administrative databases, then restricted to those patients with an ED diagnosed infection. A Bayesian binomial regression model was constructed using Hamiltonian Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo sampling, normal priors for each parameter, the calculated score, age and sex as the predictors, and hospital mortality as the outcome. Discrimination was assessed using posterior predictions to calculate a “Bayesian” C statistic, and calibration was assessed with calibration plots of the observed and predicted probability distributions. The independent predictive ability of each measure was tested by including each component measure (respiratory rate, Glasgow Coma Scale, and systolic blood pressure) as continuous predictors in a second model. Results: A total of 9,920 patients with ED diagnosed infection were included. 264 (2.7%) patients were admitted directly to the ICU, and 955 (9.6%) patients died in-hospital. As independent predictors, the probability of mortality increased as each measure became more extreme, with the Glasgow Coma Scale predicting the greatest change in mortality risk from a high to low score; however, no dramatic change in the probability supporting a single decision threshold was seen for any measure. For the calculated score, the C statistic for predicting mortality was 0.728. The calibration curve had no overlap of predictions, with a probability of 0.5 (50% credible interval 0.47-0.53) for patients with a qSOFA score of 3. Conclusion: Although no single decision threshold was identified for each component measure, a calculated qSOFA score provides good prediction of mortality for patients with ED diagnosed infection. When validating clinical prediction scores, a Bayesian approach may be used to assess probabilities of interest for clinicians to support better clinical decision making. Character count 2494
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Voskresenskaya, N. A., O. O. Gulik, and T. S. Malysheva. "Semantic Typology Pandemic Vocabulary: Covid Neologisms in English, French and German." Nauchnyi dialog 11, no. 3 (April 28, 2022): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-3-48-61.
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Neologisms that appeared under the influence of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection Covid-19 are considered, based on the material of English, French and German languages. The basis of the study is formed by neologisms collected by continuous sampling from available lexicographic sources and foreign language Internet resources. The relevance of this work is confirmed by the rapid growth of neologisms in all the languages under consideration. The novelty of the study lies in a comparative approach to the analysis of nomination processes and in determining the dominant areas of semantic attraction in these linguistic cultures. The elements that have shown the greatest productivity and stable functioning are singled out. The author’s classification of covid neologisms is proposed. The question is raised about the susceptibility of these languages to new realities, their productivity in the process of responding to changes in various spheres of society. It is concluded that the number of English neologisms prevails over the corresponding units in French and German. It is confirmed that the structure of the lexico-semantic groups identified during the analysis is heterogeneous and in some cases has a lacunar character. It is suggested that the reason for this may be both the specificity of the word formation of languages, and the peculiarities of the mentality inherent in a particular linguocultural community.
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Güven, Olgaç, and Mehmet Özbaş. "Antalya Körfezi’nde Dağılım Gösteren Mürekkep Balığı (Sepia officinalis, Linnaeus, 1758) Türü Popülasyonunun Üreme Özellikleri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, sp1 (December 30, 2022): 2640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10isp1.2640-2645.5582.
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Cuttlefish are members of the cephalopod class, that die en masse following a single breeding season (monocyclic spawning). In line with changes in environmental factors, they spent their lives in coastal areas at a depth range of 0-200 m. Although adults prefer deep areas before breeding season, they migrate to coastal areas again for breeding activity and die as a result of natural factors at the end of the breeding period. Knowledge of the life cycle and especially the reproduction phase of their life is crucial information to be able to sustainably exploit these species. Even though the coastline of Turkey, due to the variations of the environmental conditions, it's known that there are differences in reproductive characteristics among the subpopulations of the species.To determine the reproductive characteristics of the Antalya Bay subpopulation of the species, a total of 516 individuals (247 male and 269 female individuals) were examined. The mantle length of the examined individuals ranged between 45 – 177 mm. By using the morphologic characters 4 stages of sexual maturity could be observed for both sexes. Within the scope of our study, the relationship between height and weight, gonad development status (sexual maturity indices) and the number of eggs in female individuals with biometric characters were determined for the population in the sampling area.
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Indrayani, Sheira Ayu, and Citra Aulia Johansari. "CYBERBULLYING ON TEENAGE ARTISTS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON INCREASING AWARENESS OF BULLYING." LITERA 18, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v18i2.21670.
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The cyberbullying in the comment section on social media tends to be a common phenomenon nowadays. Negative comments lead to bully being the dark side of social media, Instagram in particular, which is clearly visible in the comment section. Moreover, in uploaded photos of teen artists that have many followers on their Instagram. This study has three objectives. First, obtaining the lexical meaning of cyberbullying from negative comments in the comment section of some Indonesian teen artists uploaded photos on their personal Instagram. Second, describing the phenomenon of cyberbullying happened. Third, providing implications for increasing awareness of bullying based on findings. Purposive sampling was used to collect data by reading every single comment to get negative comments in the comment section. Semantic components were used to have the lexical meaning of cyberbullying, whereupon the result was classified into Willard (2007)’s cyberbullying types. The result reveals three things. First, the lexical component of cyberbullying consists of negative, rude, and not decent. Second, there are two types of cyberbullying occurred: harassment and cyberstalking. Third, the implication of this study is a tangible, sustainable, and comprehensive character building and sex education at all levels of society could be a solution to reduce cyberbullying. Keywords: cyberbullying, semantic components, social mediaPEMAKNAAN CYBERBULLYING PADA ARTIS REMAJA SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KESADARAN AKAN PERUNDUNGAN AbstrakCyberbullying pada kolom komentar di media sosial cenderung menjadi fenomena yang biasa terjadi kini. Komentar negatif mengarah kepada perundungan menjadi sisi kelam media sosial, Instagram khususnya, yang terlihat jelas pada kolom komentar. Terlebih, pada berbagai unggahan foto para artis remaja dimana mereka memiliki banyak pengikut di laman Instagramnya. Penelitian ini memiliki tiga tujuan, yaiu untuk memperoleh makna leksikal cyberbullying dari komentar-komentar negatif pada kolom komentar beberapa foto artis remaja Indonesia yang diunggah di Instagram pribadi mereka; untuk menggambarkan fenomena cyberbullying yang terjadi; dan untuk memberikan implikasi terhadap peningkatan kesadaran akan perundungan berdasarkan temuan. Purposive sampling digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu dengan membaca satu per satu komentar guna menemukan komentar-komentar negatif pada kolom komentar artis-artis remaja. Analisis komponen makna digunakan untuk mengetahui makna leksikal cyberbullying, hasilnya diklasifikasikan ke dalam jenis cyberbullying Willard (2007). Hasil penelitian menemukan tiga hal. Pertama, komponen makna leksikal cyberbullying yang ditemukan adalah asusila, tidak baik, dan umpatan. Kedua, ada dua jenis cyberbullying yang terjadi: harassment dan flaming. Ketiga, implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah adanya pendidikan karakter dan pendidikan seks yang nyata, berkesinambungan, dan menyeluruh di seluruh lapisan masyarakat menjadi solusi untuk mengurangi cyberbullying. Kata kunci: cyberbullying, komponen makna, media sosial