Journal articles: 'Sambia (Papua New Guinea people)'

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Herdt, Gilbert. "Robert J. Stoller in the Clinic and the Village." Psychoanalysis and History 22, no. 1 (April 2020): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2020.0323.

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This paper examines the historical, cultural, and biographical context of the work of the late UCLA psychoanalytic psychiatrist Robert J. Stoller, as narrated through the voice of anthropologist Gilbert Herdt, who worked with Stoller over a number of years as a postdoctoral fellow and then a junior colleague. The epistemological and professional goals of Stoller in opening up the field of psychoanalysis to the study of sexual excitement, human sexual variation, a radical revision of homosexuality dynamically, and especially the acceptance of divergent LGBT orientations is examined in the professional development and work of Stoller in the Department of Psychiatry at UCLA in the 1950s–1980s. The final section of the article examines the fieldwork collaboration of Stoller and Herdt in the context of Herdt's Papua New Guinea field site among the Sambia people, with whom he has been working since 1974. Stoller was instrumental not only in supporting LGBT analytic candidates, but in encouraging a more tolerant face-to-face inclusive attitude in research, education, mentoring, and the general Weltanschauung of psychiatry.

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Herdt, Gilbert. "Intimate Consumption and New Sexual Subjects Among the Sambia of Papua New Guinea." Oceania 89, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 36–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ocea.5213.

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May, Ronald. "Papua New Guinea in 2015." Asian Survey 56, no. 1 (January 2016): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2016.56.1.123.

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In 2015 Papua New Guinea marked its fortieth year of independence. But while the predictions of more pessimistic commentators in 1975 have been avoided, for many Papua New Guineans celebrations were muted; despite the country’s rich resource developments, for many people there has been little change in social and economic circumstances.

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Hutton, Angus F. "Butterfly farming in Papua New Guinea." Oryx 19, no. 3 (July 1985): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300025333.

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Papua New Guinea takes insect conservation seriously, and for 10 years now has involved hundreds of villagers in an innovative butterfly farming scheme, which benefits both people and wildlife. Angus Hutton, who was National Co-ordinator for the project at its inception, describes this successful integration of conservation with development.

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Talao, Freda. "Papua New Guinea: Country Report on Human Rights." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 40, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v40i1.5375.

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This article provides an overview of Papua New Guinea (PNG)'s status on human rights. The author explores the human rights treaties that PNG has ratified, the available legal and administrative remedies for human rights breaches, the principle of the rule of law in PNG, and the culture and language of PNG. It is concluded that PNG has not made much progress in advancing or protecting the rights of its people, and must support all initiatives to educate people on their rights as a strategy to ensure that the people are not left continuously ignorant of human rights issues.

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Owen, I. L. "Parasitic zoonoses in Papua New Guinea." Journal of Helminthology 79, no. 1 (March 2005): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2004266.

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AbstractRelatively few species of zoonotic parasites have been recorded in humans in Papua New Guinea. A greater number of potentially zoonotic species, mostly nematodes, occur in animals but are yet to be reported from humans. Protozoa is the best represented group of those infecting man, withGiardia duodenalis,Cryptosporidium parvum,Cyclospora cayetanesis,Toxoplasma gondii,Sarcocystisspp.,Entamoeba polecki,Balantidium coliand, possibly,Blastocystis hominis. The only zoonotic helminths infecting humans include the trematodeParagonimus westermani, the cestodesHymenolepis nana,H. diminutaand the sparganum larva ofSpirometra erinacea, and the nematodesTrichinella papuaeandAngiostrongylus cantonensisand, possibly,Ascaris suum. Other groups represented are Acanthocephala (Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus)), insects (Chrysomya bezziana,Cimexsp.,Ctenocephalidesspp.), and mites (Leptotrombidiumspp. and, possiblySarcoptes scabiei, andDemodexsp.). One leech (Phytobdella lineata) may also be considered as being zoonotic. The paucity of zoonotic parasite species can be attributed to long historical isolation of the island of New Guinea and its people, and the absence until recent times of large placental mammals other than pig and dog. Some zoonotic helminths have entered the country with recent importation of domestic animals, in spite of quarantine regulations, and a few more (two cestodes, one nematode and one tick) are poised to enter from neighbouring countries, given the opportunity. Improvement in water supplies, human hygiene and sanitation would reduce the prevalence of many of these parasites, and thorough cooking of meat would lessen the risk of infection by some others.

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Flower, Scott. "Conversion to Islam in Papua New Guinea." Nova Religio 18, no. 4 (2014): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2015.18.4.55.

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Papua New Guinea is famous for its religious diversity, innovation, and role as the intellectual home of the “cargo-cult.” Contrary to the dominant contemporary trend toward localized and syncretized forms of Christianity, one of the fastest-growing new religious movements in Papua New Guinea is the not so “new” religion of Islam. From 2000–2012, the Muslim convert population grew more than 1,000 percent, and data from fieldwork between 2007 and 2011 suggests that globalization factors, especially missionaries and media, are contributing to increased conversion rates. Transition from traditional life to modernity is sparking a range of social and personal crises leading people to search for new religions more closely aligned with traditional, local, cultural and material dimensions. This makes future conversion growth in Papua New Guinea likely.

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Schneider, Katharina. "Matrilineal Kinship at Sea in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea." Jurnal Humaniora 30, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.39083.

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This paper explores matrilineal kinship in the Buka area, in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, from the perspective of saltwater people on Pororan Island. In Bougainville and elsewhere in Melanesia, anthropological research has highlighted the importance of joint work in the gardens, of sharing and exchanging garden food, and of negotiations of access to land for kinship and relatedness in the region. Where does this leave saltwater people, who often have only small areas of land of their own, take little interest in gardening and depend on traded sweet potatoes or imported rice for meeting their subsistence needs? In the first part of this paper, I indicate “landed” bias in anthropological research on kinship, including matrilineal kinship. I then suggest complementary descriptive and analytic terms that may be useful for researchers who want to understand kin relations among saltwater people, based on my experiences among Pororan Islanders in Bougainville. Finally, I indicate the theoretical contribution that these terms can make to research on kinship in landed settings, as well.

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Schneider, Katharina. "Matrilineal Kinship at Sea in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea." Jurnal Humaniora 30, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v30i3.39083.

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This paper explores matrilineal kinship in the Buka area, in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, from the perspective of saltwater people on Pororan Island. In Bougainville and elsewhere in Melanesia, anthropological research has highlighted the importance of joint work in the gardens, of sharing and exchanging garden food, and of negotiations of access to land for kinship and relatedness in the region. Where does this leave saltwater people, who often have only small areas of land of their own, take little interest in gardening and depend on traded sweet potatoes or imported rice for meeting their subsistence needs? In the first part of this paper, I indicate “landed” bias in anthropological research on kinship, including matrilineal kinship. I then suggest complementary descriptive and analytic terms that may be useful for researchers who want to understand kin relations among saltwater people, based on my experiences among Pororan Islanders in Bougainville. Finally, I indicate the theoretical contribution that these terms can make to research on kinship in landed settings, as well.

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Shoeman, Magnus. "The importance of fungi to the people of Papua New Guinea." Mycologist 5, no. 4 (October 1991): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(09)80494-1.

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Jacka, Jerry K. "Uneven development in the Papua New Guinea highlands." Focaal 2015, no. 73 (December 1, 2015): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2015.730105.

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Over the last 20 years, Papua New Guinea has been at the center of a resource development boom as mining, petroleum, and logging companies extract the rich resources of this tropical Pacific island. As 97 percent of the country is owned by customary groups who correspondingly receive benefits from extraction, resource development has the potential to integrate local communities into the global economy in beneficial ways. Often, though, this is not the case, as small factions of landowners control the bulk of development proceeds. In this article, I examine the development of a coffee growing scheme adjacent to the world-class Porgera Gold Mine, intended to help local people who are marginal to mining benefit streams. Tragically, however, instead of engaging in coffee production, many disenfranchised young men in Porgera prefer to work in the “life market”—a term they use to describe tribal warfare in which groups not receiving benefits attack benefit-receiving groups in the attempt to extort monetary payments. Not only are individuals' lives at stake in the life market, but so too are the economic conditions—coffee and gold mining—that allow the life market's very existence.

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MacWilliam, Scott. "Review: A PNG media era when development mattered." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i2.178.

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Review of: Press, Politics and People in Papua New Guinea 1950-1975, by Philip Cass. Auckland: Unitec e-Press, 2014, 205pp. ISBN 978-1-927214-09-1Press, Politics and People should be required reading for people who are concerned with the history and current trajectory of Papua New Guinea. It is also a book with much to offer for university courses in journalism, history and social science methodology. Philip Cass shows in considerable detail how to research and write a detailed study about an important topic by employing a wide range of research methods, including interviews, content analysis of newspapers, analysing academic and popular literature, and engaging in archival searches. Significantly, he does not waste any time ‘interrogating the Other’, but sustains several arguments about the place of the press during a critical moment when major change was in the air for the people of Papua New Guinea.

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13

Thompson, Herb. "Environment and Development: The Forests of Papua New Guinea." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 6, no. 2 (July 1995): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x9500600203.

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The uniqueness and importance of island tropical moist rainforests, such as that of Papua New Guinea is well recognised. It can be safely argued that tropical islands with their rainforests and adjacent coral reefs may well comprise the most biologically rich complexes of ecosystems on the planet. Therefore, those who pursue economic growth or developmental processes on these islands must be particularly cognizant of the environment. This paper examines, with particular reference to Papua New Guinea, the relationship between development and the environment. Papua New Guinea incorporates the largest continuous tract of lowland tropical moist rainforest in the Southeast Asia/Pacific region. The forestry sector in Papua New Guinea is described. This is followed by a conceptualisation of the environmental/economic dilemma. It is then argued that economic criteria and legal/juridical policies, used by international agencies and the State to resolve the problem of forest degradation, have proved to be a failure in Papua New Guinea. Those people most affected, villagers and peasants, have no control over the incursion of international capital and are forced or enticed to sell off their own and future generation’s customary land rights. Social relationships have been commercialised in a most effective manner. In return the villagers receive roads without maintenance, schools without teachers and royalty agreements without payment. To date no consensus has yet been achieved on the relationship between the protagonists of economic growth and those of ecological or social sustainability

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McPherson, Naomi M. "Faces of the Spirits: The Sulka People of Papua New Guinea (review)." Contemporary Pacific 15, no. 1 (2003): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2003.0020.

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15

Butt, Leslie. "Conceiving Cultures: Reproducing People and Places on Nuakata, Papua New Guinea (review)." Contemporary Pacific 17, no. 2 (2005): 494–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2005.0039.

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16

Martin, Keir. "Wars of Dependence: Contested Histories Among Tolai People of Papua New Guinea." Oceania 91, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ocea.5307.

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Preston, Rosemary. "Refugees in Papua New Guinea: Government Response and Assistance, 1984–1988." International Migration Review 26, no. 3 (September 1992): 843–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600305.

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Melanesian West Papuans have been seeking refuge in Papua New Guinea since Indonesia annexed the province of Irian Jaya in 1962. The slowness of the Papua New Guinean government to respond to the 12,000 who crossed the border in 1984 paved the way for subsequent policy of minimal assistance so as not to jeopardize national security, by antagonizing Indonesia or by exacerbating the jealously of local people. As in other places, the long-term effect for refugees is likely to be social and economic marginalization, combined with insecure residential status.

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Subramanyam, Revanuru. "Solid Waste Management in Lae City, Papua New Guinea." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.371.

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Lae city is the capital of the Morobe Province in Papua New Guinea. It is the main land transport corridor, the country's main industrial hub and largest cargo port. As a result of the urbanization and industrialization process, more people had migrated to Lae city for better opportunities. These activities contributed to the generation of a considerable amount of solid waste that has become a real concern. The present research aims to understand the existing practices of Solid Waste Management, to estimate per capita waste generation rate and composition of waste, to identify the issues and challenges faced in this regard and suggest methods for improvement. All wastes from the city are discarded at the Second Seventh Landfill (SSL) open dump site, located about 10 to 12 kilometers drive away from the city, causing enormous pollution to the surrounding environment. The per capita waste generation rate witnessed was 0.312 kg per capita per day with a composition of 66% organic waste, 22% recyclable, and 12% non-recyclable materials. It was found that ineffective legislation, lack of law enforcement were the challenges faced by the Lae city council. Rehabilitation of SSL or the construction of a new sanitary land fill should be recommended for effective management.

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Hermkens, Anna-Karina. "Marian Movements and Secessionist Warfare in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea." Nova Religio 18, no. 4 (2014): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2015.18.4.35.

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This article focuses on the enigma of Catholic Marian revolutionary movements during the decade-long conflict on the island of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea at the end of the twentieth century. These religious movements embody the legacy of a colonial history as well as people’s responses to poorly monitored resource extraction, social and economic displacement, regional factionalism, and years of fighting by Bougainvilleans against the Papua New Guinea Defence Force. At the same time, the movements’ popularity throve on leaders’ reputations for their religious knowledge and their mobilization of people based on religious faith. During the conflict Bougainville came to be seen by many residents as holy land (Me’ekamui). According to Francis Ona’s Marian Mercy Mission and Peter Kira’s Our Lady of Mercy movements, the covenant land of Bougainville had to be safeguarded from Satan, represented by Papua New Guinea and an Australian copper mining company, in the freedom struggle conceived as a Marian holy war.

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Asri, Cahya Purnama. "Unemployment and Gross Domestic Product: Evidence from Papua New Guinea." Journal of Business and Management Review 2, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 544–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47153/jbmr28.1982021.

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The principal link through which economic growth is transmitted to the poor is the amount of employment it generates which derives from the fact that labor is about the only resource in which the poor are relatively abundant, thus, for the poor, the productive use of their plentiful factor, labor, is the principal way to overcome poverty. Many factors affect the gross domestic product, such as unemployment. The objective of this research is to determine the influence of unemployment on the gross domestic product, especially in Papua New Guinea. This research uses quantitative methods and linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant influence of unemployment on GDP in Papua New Guinea for the period 1991 – 2019. The influence of unemployment on GDP in Papua New Guinea is significant because of the small number of people and most of them are workers, unemployment is very influential on GDP.

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Hitchcock, Garrick. "Cross-border trade in Saratoga fingerlings from the Bensbach River, south-west Papua New Guinea." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 3 (2006): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060218.

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Saratoga Scleropages jardinii (Saville-Kent 1892) is a popular aquarium and sportsfish native to southern New Guinea and northern Australia. In recent years the people of the Bensbach River area in Papua New Guinea's Western Province have been harvesting wild fingerlings for sale across the nearby international border in Indonesia's Papua Province. From there the fish are sold to dealers in other parts of Asia. The species is protected by law in Indonesia, and subject to various regulations in Australia. In Papua New Guinea there are no controls on its exploitation. Uncontrolled harvesting of fingerlings from the Bensbach and other river systems in south New Guinea has had negative impacts on local fisheries, and led to a decline in the Australian export trade in wild-caught and farm-bred Saratoga.

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MacWilliam, Scott. "Crunch-time for the University of Papua New Guinea." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i2.169.

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After a promising start as the place where many of the country’s future leaders were educated, the University of Papua New Guinea is now a shadow of its former self. With minimal international support and destructive government policies ranking tertiary education of little importance for development, UPNG now operates on a budget totally inadequate to run a contemporary university. The minimal coverage of UPNG’s decline in the national media is reflected in a poorly run journalism programme which has had a stop-start history. By comparison, the University of the South Pacific thrives and its management set targets to raise the proportion of people from member countries who attend tertiary education. International support, financial as well as supervisory, continues to make a major contribution to USP’s operations. During major crises in Fiji, where USP’s main campus is located, journalism students at the university have performed exemplary roles. Even the controversies which repeatedly surface about the programme indicate its continuing importance at USP. This essay argues that only the formation of a substantial consortium, with international donors joining a PNG government committed to a dramatic reversal of policy, can rescue what began as the country’s premier tertiary institution. The demand for skilled and managerial labour in the South Pacific’s second largest country, by population, requires a revitalised UPNG which could in turn lead a major reform of tertiary education and indeed all education.

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Herdt, Gilbert H., and Julian Davidson. "The sambia ?turnim-man?: Sociocultural and clinical aspects of gender formation in male pseudohermaphrodites with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency in Papua New Guinea." Archives of Sexual Behavior 17, no. 1 (February 1988): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01542051.

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JOHNSON, PATRICIA L. ":Empowering the Past, Confronting the Future: The Duna People of Papua New Guinea." American Anthropologist 109, no. 1 (March 2007): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2007.109.1.226.2.

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Keck, Verena. "Knowledge, Morality and ‘Kastom’:SikAIDSamong Young Yupno People, Finisterre Range, Papua New Guinea." Oceania 77, no. 1 (March 2007): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4461.2007.tb00004.x.

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HAYS, TERENCE E. "The Mi-Culture of the Mount Hagen People, Papua New Guinea . HERMANN STRAUSS." American Ethnologist 21, no. 4 (November 1994): 1020–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.1994.21.4.02a01340.

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Nutti, Ylva Jannok, and Jrène Rahm. "Explorations of Shifting Forms of Numerical Representations and Cognitive Functions Grounded in and Emergent from Changing Collective Practices." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 47, no. 3 (May 2016): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.47.3.0308.

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In the book Cultural Development of Mathematical Ideas: Papua New Guinea Studies, Geoffery B. Saxe introduces the reader to the traditions of numerical representations of the Oksapmin people of Papua New Guinea. The book offers a rich story of a relational view of cognition and culture at the heart of an indigenous grounding of mathematics education and would be of interest to researchers, teachers, students, and practitioners in the field.

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Kelly-Hanku, Angela, Jamee Newland, Peter Aggleton, Sophie Ase, Voletta Fiya, Herick Aeno, Lisa M. Vallely, Glen DL Mola, John M. Kaldor, and Andrew J. Vallely. "Health communication messaging about HPV vaccine in Papua New Guinea." Health Education Journal 78, no. 8 (June 24, 2019): 946–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896919856657.

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Objective:The type of health education messages that communities and individuals seek to have communicated about the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is important if vaccine programmes are to succeed, especially in settings such as Papua New Guinea (PNG), which have a high burden of cervical cancer, low health literacy and negative experiences of earlier vaccination programmes. This study sought to identify the health education messages that are viewed as most appropriate in such a context.Methodology:A qualitative study using gender-specific focus group discussions ( N = 21) and semi-structured interviews ( N = 82) was undertaken in three sites in PNG. Sites included both rural and urban locations in Milne Bay, Eastern Highlands and Western Highlands Provinces.Results:Two divergent discourses emerged. One group of participants, largely young people, felt communication messages should stress that HPV is a preventable sexually transmitted infection, which can cause cervical cancer. The other group, mainly members of the older population, believed that messaging should focus on the vaccine as a prevention strategy for cervical cancer. A small minority wanted both aspects of the vaccine discussed.Conclusion:Sensitivity needs to be taken when engaging with communities which have negative experiences of earlier infant immunisation programmes. Ensuring that the health communication needs and priorities of different sections of the populations are taken into account is key to the successful introduction and roll-out of HPV vaccination in this setting.

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Chand, Satish. "Fiscal Decentralisation in a Divided State: Bougainville in Papua New Guinea." Federal Law Review 46, no. 4 (December 2018): 541–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x1804600404.

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Is fiscal decentralisation in a polity divided by languages, cultures, tribes, and geography a means to nation-building or a route to secession? I consider the case of Bougainville in Papua New Guinea to provide nuanced information on the above question. This case study reveals that fiscal decentralisation, agreed to as part of a peace agreement signed in 2001 following a decade-long civil war in Bougainville, provided the opportunity for national consolidation. However, tensions surrounding the implementation of arrangements for budgetary support of Bougainville are forcing further fracturing. A definitive answer to the question of whether fiscal decentralisation helped or hindered nation-building will be provided by the referendum, due by mid-2020, when the people of Bougainville will have the option to vote for independence from Papua New Guinea.

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Karki, Bindu, Guenter Kittel, Ignatius Bolokon, and Trevor Duke. "Active Community-Based Case Finding for Tuberculosis With Limited Resources." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 29, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539516683497.

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Papua New Guinea is one of the 14 highest-burden countries for tuberculosis (TB) infection, but few community-based studies exist. We evaluated a low-cost method of active community case finding in Kabwum and Wasu in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Over 3 months we visited 26 villages and screened adults and children for symptoms and signs of TB. Sputum samples were examined using smear microscopy. A total of 1700 people had chronic symptoms, of which 267 were suspicious for TB on further examination. Sputum from 230 symptomatic adults yielded 97 samples that were positive for acid-fast bacilli. In addition, 15 cases of extrapulmonary TB in adults and 17 cases of TB in children were identified. One hundred and thirty people were identified with active TB disease among the source population of approximately 17 000, giving an estimated prevalence of 765 per 100 000. One hundred and six (82%) cases were not previously diagnosed. The cost per case identified was US$146. It is feasible to conduct active community-based case finding and treatment initiation for TB with limited resources and in remote areas, and in Papua New Guinea the yield was high. Active case finding and follow-up of treatment in villages is needed to address the hidden burden of TB in Papua New Guinea and other high-burden Asia Pacific countries.

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Sagrista, Maria, and Patrick Matbob. "The digital divide in Papua New Guinea: Implications for journalism education." Pacific Journalism Review 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v22i2.44.

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Access to new technology and the development of the necessary skills to master them are crucial aspects when developing countries aim to play a more important role in the current information age and knowledge-based society. New technology and the internet have the potential to enhance access to information for people and to help countries such as Papua New Guinea become active producers of knowledge, shifting away from the traditional role of passive consumption. However, new technology also has the potential to increase already existing inequalities. In this regard, exploring the concrete shortcuts brought by the digital divide in PNG and trying to address them for journalism education is an imperative, so that journalists in the country can bridge this gap, raise their own voices and best contribute to the development of Papua New Guinean society.

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Stoneking, M., L. B. Jorde, K. Bhatia, and A. C. Wilson. "Geographic variation in human mitochondrial DNA from Papua New Guinea." Genetics 124, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 717–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/124.3.717.

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Abstract High resolution mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction maps, consisting of an average of 370 sites per mtDNA map, were constructed for 119 people from 25 localities in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Comparison of these PNG restriction maps to published maps from Australian, Caucasian, Asian and African mtDNAs reveals that PNG has the lowest amount of mtDNA variation, and that PNG mtDNA lineages originated from Southeast Asia. The statistical significance of geographic structuring of populations with respect to mtDNA was assessed by comparing observed GST values to a distribution of GST values generated by random resampling of the data. These analyses show that there is significant structuring of mtDNA variation among worldwide populations, between highland and coastal PNG populations, and even between two highland PNG populations located approximately 200 km apart. However, coastal PNG populations are essentially panmictic, despite being spread over several hundred kilometers. Highland PNG populations also have more mtDNA variability and more mtDNA types represented per founding lineage than coastal PNG populations. All of these observations are consistent with a more ancient, restricted origin of highland PNG populations, internal isolation of highland PNG populations from one another and from coastal populations, and more recent and extensive population movements through coastal PNG. An apparent linguistic effect on PNG mtDNA variation disappeared when geography was taken into account. The high resolution technique for examining mtDNA variation, coupled with extensive geographic sampling within a single defined area, leads to an enhanced understanding of the influence of geography on mtDNA variation in human populations.

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Miva, Peter. "REVIEW: Confronting major regional threats over development." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 2, no. 1 (November 1, 1995): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v2i1.560.

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Review of Development and Environment in Papua New Guinea: An Overview, edited by Hans-Martin Schoell. Goroka: Melaneasian Institute. From 'wrongdoings' to 'no doings'— welcome to controversies in development in Papua New Guinea and the Pacific. This is Part One of another publication in the Point series from the Melaneasian Institute. Edited by Hans-Martin Schoell, Development and Environment is a well-researched perspective on a region and its people caught in a snag of controversial issues in forestry, fisheries and mining.

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Lee, Alice Unah, Luke Mair, Bob Kevin, Lily Gandi, Olive Tarumuri, Caroline Lee, Sue Huntley, and David Carl Hilmers. "Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B in Oro Province, Papua New Guinea." Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2020.11.3.001.

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Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) affects over 250 million people worldwide. In Papua New Guinea, the prevalence of CHB has been estimated to be over 8%, and it is a leading cause of death. To address this problem, an alliance was formed between the government of Oro Province, a large private employer and an Australian nongovernmental organization, which established a CHB test and treatment programme. Between 2014 and 2019, rapid hepatitis B surface antigen testing was performed on 4068 individuals in Oro Province. The crude prevalence rate was 12.98% and was significantly higher in males (15.26%) than females (10.94%) (P < 0.001). The rate was 4.72% among children aged 10 years and under, 12.81% among women of childbearing age (19–35 years) and 18.48% among health-care workers. These results indicate that the rates of vaccination at birth and later among women of childbearing age and health-care workers must be improved to prevent transmission of CHB.

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Hermkens, Anna-Karina. "Rosaries and Statues: Mediating Divine Intervention in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea." Religions 12, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12060376.

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In the Autonomous Region of Bougainville (ARoB) in Papua New Guinea, the changes of Vatican II led to significant Church reform, creating “Liklik Kristen Komuniti” (small Christian communities) that gave more responsibility to the laity. Moreover, as elsewhere in the world, Charismatic Catholicism was introduced and embraced. At the same time, private devotions, and in particular devotions to Mary, became immensely popular and powerful in Bougainville. This is partly due to the Bougainville crisis (1988–1998), which caused immense suffering, but also triggered a surge in popular devotions as people looked for spiritual guidance to deal with the hardships of the crisis. This paper shows how in the context of social and economic upheaval, charismatic popular devotions became increasingly influential with rosaries and statues becoming important mediums in facilitating healing and socio-political renewal. This shows the strength of popular devotions and the importance of material religion in particular. It also elucidates how popular devotions in Bougainville are part of global Catholic developments, as well as transnational practices that place Mary in the center of devotional practices.

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Plato, C. C., H. A. Brown, and D. C. Gajdusek. "The dermatoglyphics of the Elema people from the Gulf district of Papua New Guinea." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 42, no. 2 (May 2, 2005): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330420212.

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Matbob, Patrick. "The Post-Courier and media advocacy: A new era for Papua New Guinean journalism?" Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v13i1.886.

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The Papua New Guinea media is often described as ‘free’ and ‘vibrant’ compared to other media in developing countries in the region. The style of journalism and the news values are based on the Western model familiar in developed countries, where objectivity is one of the conventions of journalism practice. This is a result of influence on the PNG media by Western news values through a history of ownership of the local media and training in journalism provided at the workplace and at journalism schools in PNG. However, the coverage of two major national issues by PNG’s national daily Post-Courier has signalled a shift in reportage style in PNG to one of advocacy journalism. The two major issues are the National Superannuation Fund of Papua New Guinea (NASFUND) corruption crisis and an anti-gun campaign. Although at present both issues have dropped out of the media, they have yet to reach satisfactory conclusions. The prosecution of people involved in the NASFUND mis-management is pending while the anti-gun campaign report has been tabled in Parliament, but nothing has been heard about it since. This article examines the role of the Post-Courierand its coverage of the two issues and why it chose to use advocacy style journalism for its coverage. The coverage has drawn criticism from sectors of society and other journalists. The article also examines the views of journalists in Papua New Guinea about the Post-Courier’s coverage and advocacy journalism.

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Watson, Amanda. "Mobile phone registration in Papua New Guinea: Will the benefits outweigh the drawbacks?" Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 26, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v26i1.1094.

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Commentary: The government of Papua New Guinea (PNG) has introduced a requirement for mobile phone registration. This commentary is a comprehensive analysis of the registration regulation, the process and key challenges. The paper is based on close observation of developments over several years, including attendance at court cases on the issue. The commentary includes: a description of the regulation, definitions of relevant terminology, a timeline of events, reflections on personal experiences, comparison to other countries, and discussion of related issues. In weighing costs against benefits, the author aims to determine the value of such a regulation. A key concern is the risk of poor and disadvantaged people being excluded from mobile phone ownership. While many countries in Africa and elsewhere have introduced similar requirements for registration with the stated objective of improving security, there is little evidence available that this measure does in fact reduce crime. Additionally, in Papua New Guinea, most people do not have any form of written identification documentation, which makes the process of mobile phone registration challenging.

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Gray, Richard T., Lei Zhang, Tony Lupiwa, and David P. Wilson. "Forecasting the Population-Level Impact of Reductions in HIV Antiretroviral Therapy in Papua New Guinea." AIDS Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/891593.

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Papua New Guinea (PNG) recently did not secure external funding for the continuation of its antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs meaning that supplies of HIV drugs for the estimated 38,000 people living with HIV in PNG could be completely depleted during 2010. Using a mathematical model of HIV transmission calibrated to available HIV epidemiology data from PNG, we evaluated the expected population-level impact of reductions in ART availability. If the number of people on ART falls to 10% of its current level, then there could be an approximately doubling in annual incidence and an additional 12,848 AIDS-related deaths (100.7% increase) over the next 5 years; if ART provision is halved, then annual incidence would increase by ~68%, and there would be an additional ~10,936 AIDS-related deaths (85.7% increase). These results highlight that maintenance of ART and associated services through external funding is essential for the health and well-being of HIV-positive people in PNG.

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Sakaue, M., Y. Fuke, T. Katsuyama, M. Kawabata, and H. Taniguchi. "Austronesian-Speaking People in Papua New Guinea have Susceptibility to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes." Diabetes Care 26, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 955–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.3.955-a.

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Kelly, Angela, Heather Worth, Frances Akuani, Barbara Kepa, Martha Kupul, Lucy Walizopa, Rebecca Emori, et al. "Gendered talk about sex, sexual relationships and HIV among young people in Papua New Guinea." Culture, Health & Sexuality 12, no. 3 (April 2010): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691050903181107.

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Zemel, Babette, and Carol Jenkins. "Dietary change and adolescent growth among the Bundi (Gende-speaking) people of Papua New Guinea." American Journal of Human Biology 1, no. 6 (1989): 709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310010608.

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Dwyer, Peter D., and Monica Minnegal. "Ecology and community dynamics of Kubo people in the tropical lowlands of Papua New Guinea." Human Ecology 20, no. 1 (March 1992): 21–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00889695.

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Skelly, Robert, Bruno David, Fiona Petchey, and Matthew Leavesley. "Tracking ancient beach-lines inland: 2600-year-old dentate-stamped ceramics at Hopo, Vailala River region, Papua New Guinea." Antiquity 88, no. 340 (June 1, 2014): 470–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00101127.

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The Lapita expansion took Austronesian seafaring peoples with distinctive pottery eastward from the Bismarck Archipelago to western Polynesia during the late second millennium BC, marking the first stage in the settlement of Oceania. Here it is shown that a parallel process also carried Lapita pottery and people many hundreds of kilometres westward along the southern shore of Papua New Guinea. The key site is Hopo, now 4.5km inland owing to the progradation of coastal sand dunes, but originally on the sea edge. Pottery and radiocarbon dates indicate Lapita settlement in this location c. 600 BC, and suggest that the long-distance maritime networks linking the entire southern coast of Papua New Guinea in historical times may trace their origin to this period.

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Helmiyana, Nurlaily. "Analisis Kebijakan Kevin Rudd terkait Pencari Suaka di Australia dalam PNG Solutions." Politeia: Jurnal Ilmu Politik 12, no. 2 (July 13, 2020): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/politeia.v12i2.3918.

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Papua New Guinea Solution is a bilateral relationship between Australia under Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and Papua New Guinea regarding anti-resettlement conducted by people who want to access Australia and obtain refugee status by boat. This solution was taken after Kevin Rudd who came from the Australian Labor Party sent Pacific Solutions which had been used during Prime Minister Howard's administration. The difference in efforts to overcome the arrival of aid can be seen by using the Bureaucratic Model in its analysis. This effort was carried out with the aim of securing Australia. The problem is that Australia ratified the 1951 Refugees conference. The essence of PNG Solutions is individuals or groups who come to Australia who can pass Australia, and without a visa and a clear identity are not allowed into Australia and will be sent in Papua New Guinea. Australia's national interests can hurt ratified conventions. This study uses a qualitative method using secondary resources, and analysis uses the concept of securitization and uses Barry Buzan's research in his book People, State, and Fear. Then the policy analysis is taken by Prime Minister Rudd by using the Bureaucratic Model due to bargaining in Australia's domestic politics. Keywords: PNG Solutions, Asylum Seeker, Australia’s Foreign Policy

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Biddulph, John. "The Role and Training of Hospital Paediatric Nurses in Papua New Guinea." Paediatrica Indonesiana 16, no. 1-2 (September 12, 2019): 21–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi16.1-2.1976.21-6.

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Demands for health services are increasing in all countries of the world. Both affluent and less affluent countries are starting to realise to the importance of nurse practitioners to enable comprehensive health services to be made available to more people at cheaper cost. The training programme for hospital paediatric nurses in Papua New Guinea has been designed to allow them to carry out effectively their future role of taking responsibility for the screening, diagnosis and initial treatment of sick children pending the availability of a doctor. The nurses receive practical on the job training by rotating through specific areas during the one year post basic course in paediatric nursing. The areas are acute paediatric ward, gastroenteritis ward, special care nursery, paediatric outpatients, nutrition rehabilitation unit and MCH clinics. The nurses learn to diagnose the common acute paediatric illnesses. They learn standardised management regimens for each of these common childhood illnesses. They also learn how to carry out the practical procedures required to allow them to diagnose and treat these illnesses, and become skilled in doing such procedures as lumbar punctures and intravenous rehydration.

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Cullen, Trevor, and Ruth Callaghan. "Reporting HIV in Papua New Guinea: Trends and omissions from 2000 to 2010." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 16, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v16i2.1040.

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This article presents the findings from a longitudinal content analysis on the reporting of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in Papua New Guinea’s two national newspapers—The National and Post-Courier—in 2000, 2005 and 2010. The authors tried to answer two key questions: Did press coverage of the disease increase and did the topics change or remain the same? Data from the content analysis showed that coverage of the disease increased significantly during the ten-year study period, and that the framing of the disease moved beyond representing HIV as purely a health story to one that was linked to socio-economic conditions and cultural practices. The feature stories gradually showed more sensitivity to people living with HIV, while they recognised and challenged the social stigma still associated with the disease in much of the country.

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Cullen, Trevor. "Better Aids coverage." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 4, no. 1 (November 1, 1997): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v4i1.620.

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One of the basic roles of journalism is to inform people about what is happening. Technically, we describe this as the 'watchdog' role. But in Papua New Guinea the 'watchdog' has dangerously dosed off on the AIDS situation.

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Gooch, Nicole. "REVIEW: Documentary records continuing independence struggle in West Papua." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 26, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v26i1.1108.

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The War Next Door, reported by Sally Sara. Foreign Correspondent. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Broadcast: 12 May 2020. 30 minutes. https://www.abc.net.au/foreign/the-war-next-door/12239998 ‘WE GOT to keep on pushing forward,’ sings the band Sorong Samarai, which means from the tip of West Papua, Sorong, to Samari, the island which lies at the eastern tip of mainland Papua New Guinea, Samarai. ‘One people, one soul, one destiny.’

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Saito, Takashi, Angelberth Bai, Nobuko Matsui, and Kazuhiro P. Izawa. "Awareness of personal height and weight among community-dwelling people in West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea." Tropical Doctor 50, no. 4 (June 19, 2020): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475520932195.

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We investigated the accessibility of height- and weight-measurement tools and the awareness of one's own height and weight in a specific population in West New Britain Province (WNBP), Papua New Guinea, where obesity is prevalent. Of 558 participants (mean age 34.8 ± 14.0 years, 48.2% women, average body mass index =25.1 ± 4.83 kg/m2), >70% had limited access to measurement scales and 97.5% lacked accurate knowledge of their own height and weight. Our findings imply that increased access to measurement tools and awareness of personal height and weight is necessary to improve the feasibility and effectiveness of weight-management interventions in areas such as WNBP.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sambia (Papua New Guinea people)'

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