Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Salute perinatale'
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GENOVESE, ELEONORA. "Towards universal health coverage and health system equity. Estimating health outcomes and healthcare access in undocumented migrants. Key issues in maternal & perinatal health and the COVID-19 pandemic." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/392355.
Full textMigrant populations experience poor health, and their outcomes tend to be poorer in comparison with the general population. Vulnerability and inequality are further exacerbated in undocumented migrants, as the most invisible to healthcare systems. This a public health challenge requiring tailored action towards universal health coverage and health system equity. Objectives: To estimate health needs among undocumented migrants in the areas of maternal & perinatal health and COVID-19; and to test a combination of methodologies for systematic monitoring and evaluation. Methods: This research is based on three retrospective studies (cohort and cross-sectional) using a combination of diverse and complementary data sources to reflect the complex nature of health outcomes and healthcare access in undocumented migrants, including: national/regional health management information systems, third sector healthcare provider health information systems, and surveys at selected healthcare facilities. Cohort: Undocumented migrants having accessed: (i) maternity healthcare through National/Regional Health Services in Lombardy Region (Italy) from 2016 to 2020; (ii) healthcare through a third sector healthcare providers in Milan (Italy) from February 24th to May 24th, 2020; (iii) healthcare through participating healthcare providers in Switzerland (Geneva Canton), USA (Baltimore City), Italy (Lombardy Region), and France (Paris Region) from February to May 2021. Results: (i) The study on maternal and perinatal health included 1595 undocumented migrant women and their neonates. 57.37% women had ≥4 antenatal visits, 68.21% the first one within 12 weeks of gestation, 63.45% at least two ultrasound tests including one within 12 weeks of gestation, and 6.21% complete laboratory tests. Total cesarean sections were 26.89%. Emergency neonatal resuscitation for birth asphyxia was conducted in 2.63% births, and 49.03% neonates initiated breastfeeding within 2 hours from birth. 80.56% pregnancies were physiological though severe hemorrhage (>1000ml) occurred in 2.26% women. Intra-uterine growth retardation affected 4.76% fetuses, 9.28% neonates were pre-term, 17.24% small for gestational age, 7.2% had a low weight at birth (<2.5Kg), 1.44% poor Apgar score, and 3.07% malformations. (ii) The study on COVID-19 illness included 272 undocumented migrants. Risk factors were frequent and included hypertension, immune depression, and prior close contact with COVID-19 cases. Presenting symptoms were worse, compared with patients with other respiratory conditions. (iii) The study on COVID-19 vaccination demand included 812 undocumented migrants. Overall, 14.1% of participants reported prior COVID-19 infection, 29.5% risk factors, and 26.2% fear of developing severe COVID-19 infection. Self-perceived accessibility of COVID-19 vaccination was high (86.4%), yet demand was low (41.1%) correlating with age, co-morbidity, and views on vaccination which were better for vaccination in general (77.3%) than vaccination against COVID-19 (56.5%) Participants mainly searched for information about vaccination in the traditional and social media. Conclusions: Health outcomes and healthcare access were poor in undocumented migrants. Socio-economic and health outcomes showed vulnerability and inequality in comparison to general population. Known risk factors including fragile socio-economic conditions along with legal and linguistic barriers to healthcare need to be addressed through tailored interventions including outreach health promotion focusing, healthcare provider training, cultural mediation, translation, and functional language learning. Furthermore, a systematic monitoring and evaluation system is needed to routinely collect, integrate, and analyze data on key indicators from both National/Regional Health Services in combination with ad hoc surveys for specific data outside routine information systems.
Vidal, Seguí Maria del Mar. "Resultats perinatals en tècniques de reproducció assistida. Estudi de la cohort Catalana." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667347.
Full textIntroduction Several studies have been developed to compare perinatal outcomes after fresh embryo transfer (ET) and frozen-thawed ET (FET). Most of them have reported that FET is associated with improved perinatal outcomes, such as a lower risk of low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth and being small for gestational age (SGA). In general, two hypotheses have been suggested to explain these differences observed between groups: the hyperstimulation theory and the “weak embryo” theory. The aim of this study is to ascertain whether perinatal outcomes are affected by vitrification and/or by controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). To achieve this goal, two populations have been analyzed: women using autologous eggs who were exposed to COH to obtain the embryos, and women who used donor eggs and did not undergo hyperstimulation processes. Material and methods A register-based cohort study which includes women undergoing In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in Catalonia between 2008 and 2012, using autologous or donated eggs, is designed. Both populations are classified according to the type of ET performed, fresh ET versus FET, in order to examine possible differences in perinatal results. Only women who had a singleton pregnancy delivered from the 24th week onwards are included. The primary outcome is birthweight (BW). Secondary outcomes include gestational age at delivery, being SGA, mode of delivery and perinatal mortality. Baseline characteristics such as maternal age, years of infertility, sperm source, and number of transferred embryos are also described. Results In the autologous egg population, newborns from fresh ET group have lower BW than FET group; we also observe that the first aforementioned group have a higher risk of being SGA. In contrast, among egg donor recipients undergoing ET, mean BW do not differ between groups and neither does the risk of SGA. A similar pattern of results is found regarding to the gestational age at delivery; higher percentage of infants born pre-term in the fresh ET group than in the FET group of the autologous egg population and no differences in the egg donor recipients. The mode of delivery shows a higher rate of instrumental delivery and cesarean delivery in the FET group of the autologous and no differences in that outcome among the egg-recipient group. Finally, we observe no statistically significant differences in perinatal mortality between groups, either in the autologous egg population or in the recipient group. Discussion and Conclusions The fact of using an egg-donation program allowed us to isolate the possible detrimental effect of vitrification and devitrification on embryos, and consequently on the perinatal outcomes, from the hormonal effect that hyperstimulated cycles have on the endometrium. Our results suggest that previously reported differences in BW, gestational age at delivery, and other perinatal outcomes after fresh ET and FET are more likely to be related to the detrimental effects of hyperstimulation on the endometrium during COH than to the embryonic selection effect of the vitrification process.
Ridaura, Pastor Isabel. "Estudio del duelo perinatal: interrupciones médicas del embarazo, muertes prenatales y muertes postnatales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/295973.
Full textThe main objective of the study was to describe the evolution of the grieving process and the depressive symptomatology over one year, after having suffered a perinatal loss and to determine factors associated with the best/worst long-term results. We contacted 125 women who had undergone a perinatal loss and who had been treated at the Hospital in Vall d’Hebron. Two groups were formed according to the type of loss: medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) and prenatal/postnatal death. Three assessments were carried out after the loss: at one month, 6 months and one year. Seventy women participated in the first follow-up, 46 in the second and 41 in the third. Three instruments were used: the short version of the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) which assesses specific aspects of perinatal bereavement; the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) which assesses depressive symptomatology, and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) which measures aspects of marital satisfaction. The main results of the study were the presence of symptoms that are characteristic of grief (PGS) and depression (BDI), especially in the first period after the loss, as well as a progressive reduction in scores on the grief scale over all three periods. A positive association between the subscale scores of Difficulties of coping at one month and Hopelessness during the first period, and the total scores of grief at a longer term was observed. No statistically significant relationship between socioeconomic factors, previous mental history, marital satisfaction and assistance variables regarding PGS scores and BDI was observed. Neither was a relationship with the obstetric history observed, nor one regarding the pregnancy week in which the loss occurred and the responses studied, except for one between the weeks of pregnancy and BDI scores at one month. The association between becoming pregnant during the study and evolution of the grieving and depression was not statistically significant, although the group of pregnant women showed slightly higher scores. Regarding the type of loss, no statistically significant differences between the two groups and the scores of the scales of grief and depression were observed, although the pre/postnatal death group had higher mean scores for PGS at one month and at six months, whereas the scores at one year differed little and were even slightly higher for the group of women who had terminated. In this group, the prognosis of the malformation was not significantly associated with the evolution of grieving and depressive symptomatology. The variable 'seeing the child' proved to be a controversial issue: the average scores for the group of women who had suffered an MTP on the scales of grief and depression at one year was higher for those who had decided to see it. Some results of the study support the results of other investigations, such as the finding that perinatal grief follows the same course as other grief; there are no significant differences in the type of loss; most women are satisfied with the medical care received and that a poor marital relationship is associated with higher scores of grief and depressive symptomatology. Aspects such as 'seeing the child' are likely to be studied in the future because of the impact they have on women and the findings. As a general conclusion is worth noting that perinatal grief is a complex construct, that involves multiple variables and which entails significant distress.
Orós, López Daniel. "Perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcome of late-onset growth restricted fetuses." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2504.
Full text"Resultado perinatal y del neurodesarrollo en fetos con retraso de crecimiento intrauterino de instauración tardía"
TEXTO:
El retraso de crecimiento intrauterino es una de las patologías más graves del desarrollo fetal, asociándose con un incremento la mortalidad intrauterina, mortalidad perinatal y prematuridad, siendo un conocido factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de déficits neurológicos durante la infancia y la adolescencia. Se considera "pequeños" a todos los fetos con un peso por debajo del percentil 10 para su edad gestacional y sexo. Pero no todos los fetos "pequeños" son verdaderos retrasos de crecimiento. La búsqueda de variables clínicas que nos ayuden a diferenciar los fetos "pequeños normales" de los "retrasos de crecimiento intrauterino" (RCIU) ha sido uno de los focos más activos de investigación en medicina fetal durante los últimos 20 años.
El aumento de las resistencias vasculares placentarias, expresado por la elevación del índice de pulsatilidad de la arteria umbilical (AU), es el criterio diagnóstico más aceptado. La introducción del Doppler de la AU ha demostrado mejorar el resultado y reducir la mortalidad perinatal. Actualmente se asume que los fetos con un peso por debajo del percentil 10 y un aumento de las resistencias vasculares placentarias son RCIU, siendo los fetos con una resistencia vascular placentaria normal, fetos pequeños normales, a los que denominamos "pequeños para edad gestacional" (PEG).
Sin embargo, recientes publicaciones han puesto en duda el valor de la arteria umbilical para definir cuando un feto pequeño tiene bajo riesgo, encontrando que los fetos PEG también presentan resultado perinatal subóptimo, así como una mayor incidencia de un amplio espectro de alteraciones sutiles del desarrollo cerebral que se pueden expresar como alteraciones del comportamiento, desordenes neuromusculares, problemas en el aprendizaje y alteraciones de la conducta.
Los estudios incluidos en este proyecto son parte de una línea de investigación sobre la circulación cerebral de los fetos con retraso de crecimiento, y su capacidad de predicción de daños neurológicos.
El primer proyecto tiene por objeto determinar las tendencias longitudinales y tipo de cambio de los índices de pulsatilidad Doppler de la arteria cerebral uterina, umbilical y cerebral media en fetos PEG inicio tardío desde el diagnóstico hasta el parto.
El objetivo del segundo proyecto fue evaluar el desarrollo neuroconductual neonatal de fetos RCIU nacidos a término sin insuficiencia placentaria. Muchos estudios han encontrado asociaciones entre los fetos con RCIU precoz y el desarrollo del neurocomportamiento, sensorial y disfunciones cognitivas. Resultados a largo plazo de los bebés prematuros con RCIU ha revelado un perfil específico de las dificultades neurocognitivas con pobre funcionamiento ejecutivo, falta de flexibilidad y de creatividad, así como problemas del leguaje. Algunos estudios han relacionado estas dificultades en la infancia con trastornos de conducta ya presentes en el período neonatal, un momento en que las influencias ambientales son todavía mínimos. Algunos estudios también han informado a largo plazo de las desventajas cognitivas los niños con RCIU de instauración tardía, pero no hay información sobre el desarrollo neuroconductual de los bebés nacidos a término con RCIU sin insuficiencia placentaria.
El tercer proyecto fue dirigido para analizar si la investigación Doppler de la ACA es superior a la investigación Doppler de la arteria cerebral media en la predicción de resultados perinatales adversos en fetos PEG sin insuficiencia placentaria. Diversos estudios en fetos RCIU han demostrado una redistribución regional de suministro de sangre en el cerebro, que contribuye a la jerarquía regional en el deterioro del cerebro, haciendo que ciertas áreas más susceptibles que otras a la hipoxia. El lóbulo frontal del cerebro, se abastece principalmente por la ACA, es una de estas estructuras muy sensibles en los niños crónicamente hipóxicos. El estudio de ésta arteria podría ser superior a los parámetros estándar que se utiliza para detectar la redistribución del cerebro, la ACM, para la detección de los fetos en una fase temprana de la hipoxia cerebral.
Teniendo en cuenta lo anteriormente expuesto, nuestras hipótesis de trabajo serán:
a) Hipótesis conceptual
· Un porcentaje de fetos con retraso de crecimiento de aparición tardía, con función placentaria normal, han estado expuestos a hipoxia leve en el útero.
b) Hipótesis secundarias
· El seguimiento longitudinal de fetos con retraso de crecimiento de aparición tardía demuestra que los índices de pulsatilidad Doppler de la arteria cerebral anterior (ACA), la arteria cerebral media (ACM) y la relación cerebro-placentaria
(CPR) presentan modificaciones antes y de forma más frecuentes que la arteria umbilical (AU) materna y de las arterias uterinas (AUT).
· Los fetos con retraso de crecimiento de aparición tardía con función placentaria normal, tienen peores resultados perinatales, así como un desarrollo neuroconductuales neonatal subóptimo.
· Los fetos con retraso de crecimiento de aparición tardía con signos de redistribución hemodinámica cerebral presentan disrrupciones neurológicas que afectan a la neuroconducta neonatal.
De este modo, los objetivos establecidos serán los siguientes:
a) OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL
· Estudiar la evolución temporal de los parámetros Doppler en fetos con retraso de crecimiento de aparición tardía para evaluar su asociación con resultados perinatales adversos y neuroconductuales.
b) OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS
· Describir al final del embarazo la tendencia de los índices de pulsatilidad longitudinal de Doppler de la arteria cerebral media, umbilical y materna arterias uterinas a finales de los fetos con retraso de crecimiento de aparición tardía
· Evaluar el desarrollo neuroconductual y los resultados perinatales de los fetos con un peso fetal estimado inferior al p10 y Doppler de la arteria umbilical normal.
· Evaluar el desarrollo neuroconductual y el resultado perinatal de los fetos con retraso de crecimiento de aparición tardía con signos de redistribución de intrauterina cerebral definido por el estudio Doppler de las arterias cerebrales anterior y media.
Los resultados de esta investigación se obtuvieron mediante un estudio longitudinal prospectivo de dos cohortes (Cohorte Caso y Cohorte Control), con un total de 116 pacientes en cada rama (tasa de aceptación: 90%) en la muestra inicial. El trabajo se realizó en la Unidad de Crecimiento Fetal del Materno-Fetal del Departamento de Medicina del Hospital Clínico de Barcelona entre noviembre de 2007 y agosto de 2009.
Jordán, García Iolanda. "Óxido nítrico espirado y nitritos y nitratos en sangre en el recién nacido con riesgo de infección perinatal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2468.
Full textEl objetivo del estudio fue determinar el óxido nítrico expirado (ON exp) en los tres primeros días de vida del recién nacido en relación a: las horas de vida, edad gestacional, tipo de parto y riesgo de infección perinatal.
Nuestra hipótesis fue que el ON exp aumentaría en recién nacidos con alto riesgo de infección perinatal. El gas expirado fue recogido utilizando una máscara facial y la concentración de ON determinada mediante quimioluminiscencia. Para la validación del sistema de recogida se realizaron diferentes experimentos: Limpieza del aire inspirado por el neonatos para evitar la contaminación con el ON ambiental; confirmación de la estanqueidad del sistema de recogida; descartar la interacción del ON con el material de recogida; limpieza del ON ambiental del sistema de recogida antes de la aplicación al recién nacido; estabilidad de las concentraciones de ON y ON2 con el tiempo; reproducibilidad intrasujeto; influencia del llanto y la sedación;
El ON exp se recogió en 166 recién nacidos: 108 sanos (63 a término y 45 pretérmino). Treinta fueron neonatos con bajo riesgo de infección perinatal, y 28 con alto riesgo de infección perinatal (tratada con antibióticos pero que no tuvieron hemocultivo positivo). El ON exp total no correlacionó con la edad gestacional, el peso de nacimiento el tipo de parto ni los nitratos en sangre, si que existió relación con las horas de vida. El ONexp en el subgrupo de menos de 36 horas de vida (mediana, rango intercuartil) fue mayor en los recién nacidos con alto riesgo de infección perinatal (n= 8; 5.33 (4.5-7.2) nL/min*Kg) que en los recién nacidos sanos (n= 59; 4.13 (3.5-4.7) nL/min*Kg) o los de bajo riesgo de infección perinatal (n= 18; 3.99 (3.4-4.7) nL/min*Kg). En el subgrupo de 37 a 72 horas de vida también existieron diferencias entre los recién nacidos sanos (n= 49; 4.683 (4.1-5.3) nL/min*Kg) y los bajo riesgo de infección perinatal (n= 12; 4.55 (3.9-5.2) nL/min*Kg) por un lado y los de alto riesgo de infección perinatal por otra parte (n= 20; 9.69 (7.6-11.1) nL/min*Kg). Por lo tanto, los recién nacidos sanos, los de bajo riesgo de infección perinatal y los de alto riesgo, tienen diferencias significativas, respecto a las cifras de ONe en ppm (P= 0.026) como respecto a las cifras de ONet (p= 0.037) tanto si se examinan antes de las 36 horas de vida como después. El análisis univariado de la varianza de las cifras de ONet en relación a dos factores (nivel de riesgo de infección y horas de vida) y tres covariables (peso al nacimiento, edad gestacional y ON ambiental) mostraron que el modelo era adecuado (corrección R2= 0.530, p<0.001) y que el único factor con significación fue el nivel de riesgo de infección (sano, bajo riesgo, alto riesgo; p < 0.001).
En relación a los nitritos y nitratos en sangre, no existieron diferencias significativas en relación a la edad gestacional, tipo de parto, horas de vida y riesgo de infección, ni correlación con el ON expirado. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias para dichas variables en los nitritos y nitratos en orina, ni los nitritos y nitratos/creatinina en orina.
García, García Belén. "UTOPIA:Eficacia del Doppler de las arterias uterinas en el segundo trimestre y control exhaustivo de la gestación para la prevención de malos resultados perinatales. Estudio randomizado." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325417.
Full textPre-eclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are estimated to affect 4-10% of all pregnancies. Despite being the leading causes of premature iatrogenic deliveries and maternal morbidity in developed countries, their aetiologies remain elusive and the only definitive therapeutic measure is delivery. Therefore, prediction and prevention of PE and IUGR remain major goals in fetal-maternal medicine. Aims: To ascertain whether uterine artery Doppler screening for PE and IUGR risk in the second trimester and targeted surveillance improve maternal and perinatal outcomes in an unselected population Methods: Multi-center randomised open-label controlled trial. From June 2006 to May 2010, this randomised trial was conducted at four centres in Spain: Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Sant Joan de Déu University Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University Hospital and Son Llatzer Hospital. In the second trimester rutine anomaly scan, women were randomly assigned to the uterine or non-uterine Doppler groups. Women with abnormal uterine artery Doppler were offered intensive surveillance in high-risk clinics of the participating centres with 4-weekly visits that included measurement of maternal blood pressure, proteinuria in dipsticks, blood test, foetal growth and Doppler scan. Results: 11667 women were included. Overall, PE occurred in 350 cases (2,58%), early-onset PE in 48 cases (0,41%), IUGR in 722 cases (6,18%), early-onset IUGR in 93 cases (0,79%) and early-onset PE with IUGR in 32 cases (0,27%). Uterine artery mPI >90th percentile was able to detect 59% of early-onset PE and 60% of early-onset IUGR with a false-positive rate of 11.1%. When perinatal and maternal data according to assigned group (UT-Doppler vs non-UT Doppler) were compared, no differences were found in perinatal or maternal complications. However, screened patients had a increase in medical interventions, such as corticosteroid administration and labour induction. Conclusion: Routine second trimester uterine artery Doppler ultrasound in unselected populations identifies women at risk for placental complications, however anticipation of the diagnosis failed to improve maternal or neonatal morbi-mortality.
Castillo, Vico Maria Teresa. "Patología obstétrica y resultado perinatal en la población inmigrante atendida en el hospital del mar de Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/297710.
Full textImmigration is today an important phenomenon for most Western countries, either from an economic, social and cultural terms. Currently, economic reasons are one of the most common causes of migration. Thus, people seek a new more conducive to their development site, where they can gain a better standard of living. This type of migration usually occurs from developing countries to more affluent or higher theoretical possibilities for personal development sites.In the last twenty years have come to Spain people from different parts of the world. These people were installed mainly in communities of Catalonia, Madrid, Andalusia and Valencia, due to opportunities for entering the labor market in the world, especially in sectors where due to salary levels, schedules, temporality contracts or even to the danger and workplace accidents, it is difficult to get indigenous workforce. In Barcelona, the districts of Sant Martí and Ciutat Vella are reference areas of the Hospital del Mar, and they are concentrated almost 4% of total foreign immigrant population of the city, and over 55% of pregnant women who terminate pregnancy in our service are foreign immigrants with low socioeconomic status. In the immigrant women is often a decrease in prenatal care compared to native women, with more late, less frequent and more discontinuous consultations, which could lead to increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. This is demonstrated in various studies in developing countries where women belonging to a racial or ethnic minority, have a higher prevalence of adverse perinatal outcomes, including abortions, fetal death, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm delivery, low birth weight for gestational age, fetal macrosomia and elective or emergency caesarean section. Given the association between immigration and poor perinatal outcome that reveal some publications, we panteamos the possibility of analyzing the most common pathology and perinatal outcome of these pregnant immigrants who were serving in the Hospital del Mar, to try to determine whether were characterized by increased obstetric pathology with the ultimate goal of being able to focus our efforts on promoting actions to improve the detection of pathology and perinatal outcome in this group. This thesis can be derived different lines of research, some of elles is to deepen the socio / cultural issue, and others, closer to clinical medicine, on the peculiarities of each of the ethnic groups that make appear a certain pathology . For example, the incidence of gestational diabetes in the South Asian population, related to insulin resistance levels.
Sàrries, i. Gené Carme. "El sistema TNF-alfa i els seus receptors: implicació en la infecció perinatal i en el desencadenament del part." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4591.
Full textEls resultats obtinguts mostren que el part normal representa una situació fisiològica en la qual s'observa un increment del clivatge dels receptors solubles del TNF-a i una disminució dels receptors de membrana tant en sang perifèrica materna com en sang de cordó, en comparació amb les dones control no embarassades. Aquests canvis fisiològics poden proporcionar un mecanisme de protecció conferint una major capacitat per tamponar l'efecte nociu d'un excés de TNF-a durant la gestació. En el context d'una infecció intrauterina es produeix un augment de les concentracions dels receptors solubles del TNF-a en sang perifèrica materna, en sang de cordó i en líquid amniòtic, la qual cosa suggereix que aquests receptors tenen una funció homeostàtica, atenuant els efectes nocius de l'excés de TNF-a associat al part patològic. En el nadó la producció de TNF-a i dels seus receptors solubles és màxima en presència de signes clínics i/o biològics d'infecció durant les primeres 24 hores de vida. La determinació simultània de les concentracions plasmàtiques de TNF-a i dels receptors solubles sTNFR-p55 i p75 és un factor pronòstic de l'evolució clínica. Existeix una associació entre l'al·lel TNFA2 i una major susceptibilitat a presentar parts prematurs precedits d'una ruptura prematura de membranes. Aquesta associació no és independent de l'haplotip de l'HLA A1, B8, DRB1*03. L'al·lel TNFA2 i l'haplotip HLA A1, B8, DRB1*03 poden ser uns marcadors útils per a identificar dones amb major risc de patir ruptura prematura de les membranes fetals preterme.
The aim of this study was to analyze the role of the TNF-TNFR system in the materno-fetal unit during both, the normal labor and the labor with risk or signs of infection. The first objective was to analyze TNFR-p55 and p75 expression profiles in the different materno-fetal compartments. The second objective was to determine the plasmatic TNF-a and TNFR levels in newborns with signs of infection and to analyze the usefulness of TNF-a and TNFR as markers of early onset neonatal sepsis and prognostic factors of clinical outcome. Finally, we analyzed the influence of -308 pb TNF-a polymorphism in the idiopatic preterm birth and in preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes.
The results showed that the normal labor represents a physiologic condition characterized by an increase in the soluble TNFR levels and a decrease of TNF-a membrane receptors expression in both maternal peripheral blood and in cord blood in comparison with non-pregnant women. These physiologic changes may provide a protection mechanism conferring a better capacity to buffering the deleterious effects of excessive TNF-a production during gestation. In the context of an intrauterin infection, sTNFR's levels increase in maternal peripheral blood, in cord blood, and in amniotic liquid suggesting a homeostatic function for these soluble receptors attenuating the deleterious effects of excessive TNF-a production associated with the pathologic labor. In the newborns TNF-a and sTNFR's reach the highest levels in presence of clinical and/or biological signs of infection in the first 24 h of life. The simultaneous determination of plasmatic TNF-a and sTNFR's levels is a prognostic factor of clinical outcome. Finally, our results demonstrate an association between TNFA2 allele and preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes. This association is not independent of HLA-A1, B8, DR3 haplotype. TNFA2 allele and the extended haplotype A1, B8, DR3 may serve as useful markers to identify women at risk for preterm premature rupture of membranes.
Rodríguez, Vicente Àgueda. "Nivells de vitamina D en gestants del nostre medi: principals factors determinants i resultats perinatals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400222.
Full textINTRODUCTION: vitamin D deficiency is a public health concern in terms of potential clinical effects. However, there is little population-based data available to quantify the degree of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in pregnant women in most countries. OBJECTIVES: the main objectives of the study are 1) to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women of a prospective birth cohort; 2)to identifythe main determinants of vitamin D levels in pregnant women; and 3) to examine whether vitamin D deficiency is related to adverse perinatal outcomes . METHODS: prospective cohort study included in the INMA – INfancia y MedioAmbiente (Environment and Childhood) Project, a prospective population-based birth cohort study conducted in four geographical areas of Spain (Valencia, Sabadell,Asturias and Gipukzoa). Maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3)concentration was measured in 2358 women during pregnancy (mean [SD] 13.5 [2.2]weeks of gestation). Uni-and multivariable regression models were conducted to identify predictors of circulating 25(OH)D3 concentration and vitamin D insufficiency (20–29.9 ng/mL) and deficiency (<20 ng/mL), and to test associations ofmaternal 25(OH)D3 concentration with gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, caesarean section, fetal growth restriction, small-for-gestational age and anthropometric birth outcomes RESULTATS: 31% and 18% of women had vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, respectively. Season at blood collection, latitude, age, social class, tobacco smoking, physical activity and use of vitamin D supplements were identified as independent determinants of 25(OH)D3 concentration. Lower risk of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency was associated with summer season at blood collection (RR for insufficiency = 0.34, confidence intervals (CI) 0.25, 0.48; and RR for deficiency = 0.07, 95% CI 0.04, 0.12); southern latitude (RR for insufficiency = 0.71, 95% CI 0.50, 1.02; RR for deficiency = 0.60, 95% CI 0.38, 0.94); use of vitamin D supplements (RR for insufficiency = 0.50, 95% CI 0.35, 0.71; RR for deficiency = 0.24, 95% CI 0.14, 0.41); and strong physical activity (RR for insufficiency = 0.80, 95% CI 0.58, 1.09; and RR for deficiency = 0.67, 95% CI 0.46, 1.03). Higher risk of vitamin D deficiency was related to lower social class (RR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.19, 3.16) and smoking (RR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.23, 2.54). Regarding perinatal outcomes, there was no association between maternal25(OH)D3 concentration and risk of gestational diabetes or preterm delivery. Women with sufficient vitamin D [25 (OH)D3 ≥ 30 ng/ml] had a decreased risk of caesarean section by obstructed labour compared with women with vitamin D deficiency (relative risk (RR) = 0.60, 95% CI 0.37, 0.97). Offspring of mothers with higher circulating 25(OH)D3 concentration tended to have smaller HC [coefficient (SE) per doubling concentration of 25(OH)D3, !0.10 (0.05), P = 0.038]. No significant associations were found for other birth outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are highly prevalent inpregnancy. Although no association was found between vitamin D status in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, fetal growth restriction, small-forgestational age and anthropometric birth outcomes, results suggest that sufficient circulating vitamin D concentration in pregnancy may reduce the risk of caesarean section by obstructed labour. Recommendations to detect and prevent hypovitaminosis D during pregnancy should be developed taking into account the associated factors.
Druguet, Serra Mònica. "Impacto psicológico de la pérdida perinatal en una gestación gemelar monocorial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670634.
Full textBACKGROUND. Monochorionic twin pregnancy is a relatively uncommon phenomenon, but its associated complications are severe and may result in the loss of one or both fetuses. Grief, together with feelings of anxiety and depression, is a normal and common response to perinatal loss during a multiple pregnancy (López, 2011). However, the inherent complexity of such a loss means that the grief experienced is often more intense and complicated, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and/or post-traumatic stress may develop into a full-blown psychological disorder (Ellis et al., 2016; Hutti, Armstrong, Myers, & Hall, 2015; Lisy, Peters, Riitano, Jordan, & Aromataris, 2016). It is therefore important to understand the factors which may influence a woman’s ability to work through and come to terms with a loss of this kind. AIMS. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore and describe the characteristics of the grieving process in the case of perinatal loss during a monochorionic twin pregnancy. More specifically, the aims were: 1) To analyze the emotional impact of perinatal loss on the mother, 2) to study the sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical variables that may influence her grieving process, as well as the impact of previous psychological vulnerability, and 3) to examine the influence of farewell rituals in relation to the grief experienced. METHOD. The research used a correlational and descriptive design. Participants were a sample of women recruited from among those attending the maternity unit of the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital in Barcelona between February 2009 and May 2012. They all met the following inclusion criteria: 1) Having lost one or both fetuses in a monochorionic twin pregnancy following fetal surgery due to complications, and 2) Spanish nationality and White ethnicity, with a level of education and command of the Spanish language that was sufficient for completion of the questionnaires. Individual interviews were used to collect sociodemographic information, data about the woman’s psychiatric and obstetric history, and information about any farewell rituals performed. The following questionnaires were also administered: Spanish Short Version of the Perinatal Grief Scale (SpSVPGS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-R). RESULTS. High levels of grief following the loss of a fetus during a complicated monochorionic twin pregnancy were associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. The intensity of grief did not depend on the point in the pregnancy at which the loss occurred, a history of miscarriage, the survival of one of the twins, the presence of living children, or any of the sociodemographic variables considered. A history of psychological and/or psychopharmacological treatment was, however, associated with a more intense grief reaction. There was no significant relationship between farewell rituals and the intensity of the grief experienced. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Perinatal loss during a monochorionic twin pregnancy has a major emotional impact on the mother and leaves her vulnerable to psychological problems. The survival of one of the twins or the presence of living children is no guarantee that the grieving mother’s mental health will be less affected, and neither do farewell rituals seem to have a significant protective effect. Women who have experienced a loss of this kind have specific and complex needs, and those with a history of psychological vulnerability are particularly at risk of complicated grief.
Xie, Xinglei. "Incremento ponderal en mujeres con diabetes mellitus pregestacional y gestacional. Variables predictoras y asociaciones con resultados perinatales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671342.
Full textLa atención endocrinológica a las mujeres con diabetes pregestacional (DMP) y gestacional (DMG) se centra habitualmente en conseguir un control glucémico lo más normal posible, prestándose menos atención a otras variables como el incremento ponderal gestacional (IPG), definido en 2009 por el Institute of Medicine (IOM) como adecuado, excesivo o insuficiente según los resultados gestacionales asociados en población general. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la distribución de IPG según IOM 2009 en mujeres con DMG y DMP, las variables clínicas predictoras del mismo (objetivo principal) y su asociación con los resultados de la gestación (objetivo secundario). METODOLOGÍA: Análisis retrospectivo de datos recogidos sistemáticamente en mujeres con DMG y DMP antendidas en la Clínica de Enfermedades Endocrinológicas y Gestación del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. RESULTADOS: En mujeres con DMG y DMP el IPG según IOM fue frecuentemente inadecuado, a expensas de IPG insuficiente en mujeres con DMG (48.1%) y de IPG excesivo en mujeres con DMP (50.7%). En mujeres con DMG, los predictores de IPG según IOM incluyeron factores comunes a la población general y un factor específico para DMG como es el tiempo de seguimiento (OR para IPG insuficiente 1.027 por semana, IC 95% 1.010-1.043; OR para IPG excesivo 0.970, IC 95% 0.950-0.991). El IPG según IOM se asoció con resultados maternos (enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo (EHE), preeclampsia (límite) y cesárea) y fetales (recién nacido grande para la edad gestacional (RN GEG), macrosomía y recién nacido pequeño para la edad gestacional (RN PEG)). Excepto para RN PEG, el IPG excesivo se asoció con riesgo más alto y el IPG insuficiente con riesgo más bajo. Las population attributable fractions (PAFs) y population preventable fractions (PPFs) fueron moderadas. En mujeres con DMP, los predictores de IPG según IOM incluyeron factores comunes a la población general y específicos de DM como tipo de DM (OR de DM1 para IPG excesivo 3.093, IC 95% 1.325-7.222), dosis de insulina en tercer trimestre (OR para IPG excesivo 2.551 por UI, IC 95%1.292-5.036), tiempo de seguimiento (OR para IPG insuficiente 0.894 por semana, IC 95% 0.837-0.955) y cambio en HbA1c (OR para IPG excesivo 0.768 por 1%, IC 95% 0.611-0.966). El IPG según IOM se asoció con resultados maternos y fetales. El IPG excesivo se asoció con mayor riesgo de EHE, cesárea, RN GEG y macrosomía, mientras que para PEG y distrés respiratorio el aumento de riesgo se asoció con IPG insuficiente. Las PAFs y PPFs fueron moderadas-grandes. CONCLUSIONES: En mujeres con DMG y DMP, es frecuente que el IPG según IOM sea inadecuado, a expensas de IPG insuficiente en mujeres con DMG y de IPG excesivo en mujeres con DMP. Entre las variables asociadas a IPG según IOM hay variables que son predictores conocidos, comunes con la población general y otras específicas de diabetes. La duración del seguimiento durante el embarazo es un predictor positivo de IPG insuficiente en mujeres con DMG y negativo en mujeres con DMP. Además, en mujeres con DMP, el tipo de DM, el cambio de HbA1c durante el embarazo y la dosis de insulina en el tercer trimestre, son variables predictoras de IPG excesivo. Siendo los resultados globales del embarazo satisfactorios en mujeres con DMG y bastante satisfactorios en mujeres con DMP, el IPG excesivo se asocia a resultados desfavorables en ambos grupos, mientras que el IPG insuficiente se asocia a resultados favorables en mujeres con DMG y mixtos en mujeres con DMP. Las PAFs y PPFs del IPG inadecuado según IOM son más altas en mujeres con DMP.
Endocrinological care for women with pre-pregnancy diabetes (PDM) and gestational diabetes (GDM) is usually focused on achieving a glycemic control as normal as possible, and less attention is paid to other variables such as gestational weight gain (GWG), defined in 2009 by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) as adequate, excessive or insufficient according to the associated pregnancy outcomes in the general population. OBJECTIVES: To assess the distribution of GWG according to IOM 2009 in women with GDM and PDM, its predictive clinical variables (primary objective) and its association with pregnancy outcomes (secondary objective). METHODOLOGY: Retrospective analysis of data collected systematically in women with GDM and PDM attended at the Clinic for Endocrinological Diseases and Pregnancy of the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. RESULTS: In women with GDM and PDM, GWG according to IOM was frequently inadequate, at the expense of insufficient GWG in women with GDM (48.1%) and excessive GWG in women with PDM (50.7%). In women with GDM, the predictors of GWG according to IOM included factors common to the general population and a GDM-specific factor such as length of follow-up (OR for insufficient GWG 1.027 per week, 95% CI 1.010-1.043; OR for excessive GWG 0.970, 95% CI 0.950-0.991). GWG according to IOM was associated with maternal (pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), preeclampsia (borderline) and cesarean section) and fetal outcomes (large-for-gestational-age newborn (LGA), macrosomia and small-for-gestational age newborn (SGA)). Except for SGA, excessive GWG was associated with higher risk and insufficient GWG with lower risk. The population attributable fractions (PAFs) and population preventable fractions (PPFs) were moderate. In women with PDM, the predictors of GWG according to IOM included factors common to the general population and PDM-specific factors such as type of DM (OR of Type 1 DM for excessive GWG 3.093, 95% CI 1.325-7.222), insulin dose in the third trimester (OR for excessive GWG 2.551 per 1 IU, 95% CI 1.292-5.036), length of follow-up (OR for insufficient GWG 0.894 per week, 95% CI 0.837-0.955) and change of HbA1c (OR for excessive GWG 0.768 per 1%, 95% CI 0.611-0.966). GWG according to IOM was associated with both maternal and fetal outcomes. For PIH, cesarean section, LGA and macrosomia, excessive GWG was associated with increased risk, while for SGA and respiratory distress the increased risk was associated with insufficient GWG. The PAFs and PPFs were moderate-large. CONCLUSIONS: In women with GDM and PDM, GWG according to IOM is frequently inadequate, at the expense of insufficient GWG in women with GDM and excessive GWG in women with PDM. Among the variables associated with GWG according to IOM, there are variables that are well-known predictors, common to the general population and others, which are diabetes-specific. The length of follow-up during pregnancy is a positive predictor of insufficient GWG in women with GDM and a negative one in women with PDM. Furthermore, in women with PDM, type of DM , change of HbA1c during pregnancy and insulin dose in the third trimester are predictive variables for excessive GWG. With overall pregnancy outcomes being satisfactory in women with GDM and quite satisfactory in women with PDM, excessive GWG is associated with unfavorable results in both groups, while insufficient GWG is associated with favorable results in women with GDM and mixed ones in women with PDM. The PAFs and PPFs of inadequate GWG according to IOM are higher in women with PDM.
Cruz, Martínez Rogelio. "Cerebral and cardiac Doppler parameters in the identification of fetuses with late-onset intrauterine growth restriction at risk of adverse perinatal and neurobehavioral outcome." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2506.
Full textSPECIFIC HYPOTHESIS:
1. Cerebral blood perfusion is increased in SGA fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler as compared with normally grown fetuses.
2. Increased cerebral blood perfusion is earlier detected by means of the fractional moving blood volume using power Doppler ultrasound than by spectral Doppler indices.
3. Incorporation of fetal cardiac Doppler parameters might improve the identification of SGA fetuses with late-onset growth restriction.
4. Combination of power and spectral brain Doppler indices could improve the prediction of emergency cesarean section for intrapartum fetal distress after labor induction in term, SGA fetuses.
5. Abnormal cerebral blood perfusion discriminates SGA fetuses at risk of abnormal neurobehavioral performance with a better sensitivity than spectral Doppler indices.
To evaluate the contribution of fetal brain and cardiac Doppler parameters in identifying SGA fetuses with late-onset intrauterine growth restriction at risk of emergency cesarean section for intrapartum fetal distress and abnormal neonatal neurobehavioral performance.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
1. To establish normal reference intervals of fetal regional brain blood perfusion using power Doppler ultrasound as measured by FMBV.
2. To construct normal reference ranges of left modified myocardial performance index in near-term fetuses.
3. To compare the temporal sequence of fetal brain hemodynamic changes in near-term SGA fetuses, as measured by spectral-Doppler indices or by FMBV.
4. To evaluate the changes in myocardial performance index, aortic isthmus and ductus venosus in term, SGA fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler.
5. To explore whether a combination of brain Doppler parameters could improve the prediction of emergency cesarean section for fetal distress and neonatal acidosis after labor induction in term SGA fetuses.
6. To evaluate changes in cerebral blood perfusion and middle cerebral artery Doppler in term SGA fetuses and to explore their association with neonatal neurobehavioral performance.
Moreno, Sepúlveda José Antonio. "Impacto de los tratamientos de reproducción asistida sobre los resultados maternos y perinatales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668205.
Full textIntroduction: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes and there is controversy about the causes. The publication of new studies on the subject justify the investigation of the safety of IVF. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the effects of assisted reproduction techniques on maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients undergoing autologous IVF (IVF AO) with fresh embryo transfer (ET) and frozen embryo transfer (FET); and IVF with oocyte donation (IVF OD). Methods: In order to achieve the main objective, this thesis has been divided into three chapters. Chapter 1: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the National Registry of Activity in Assisted Human Reproduction of Spain between 2010 to 2015, analyzing the gestational age at delivery and the preterm birth (PB) rate of two different populations: IVF AO and IVF OD. Chapter 2: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing maternal and perinatal outcomes of singleton pregnancies after IVF with fresh ET versus FET. Outcomes included PB, low birth weight (LBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), macrosomia, preeclampsia (PE), severe PE, gestational diabetes (GD), placental abruption, placenta previa, postpartum hemorrhage and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Chapter 3: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing maternal and perinatal outcomes of singleton pregnancies obtained by IVF OD versus IVF AO. Outcomes included hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), PE, PES, pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), PB, early PB, LBW, VLBW, cesarean section, GD, PROM, placenta previa, placental abruption, and postpartum hemorrhage. Results: Chapter 1: 41022 IVF AO cases (28754 fresh ET and 12268 FET) were analyzed, with a higher proportion of PB in fresh ET group compared to FET group (P .01). In the IVF OD group, with a total of 19941 cases (12394 fresh ET and 7547 FET), no differences were observed between fresh ET and FET. Chapter 2: 35 studies were included in the analysis. FET was associated with a lower risk of PB (RR 0.89, 95%CI 0.82, 0.97), LBW (RR 0.73, 95%CI 0.69, 0.78), VLBW (RR 0.63, 95%CI 0.60, 0.66) and SGA (RR 0.63, 95%CI 0.60, 0.66); and a higher risk of LGA (RR 1.53; 95%CI 1.48, 1.58), macrosomía (RR 1.72; 95%CI 1.65, 1.78), PE (RR 1.20, 95%CI 1.06, 1.35) and severe PE (RR 1.96, 95%CI 1.33, 2.88). There were no statistically significant differences for the risk of GD and PROM. Chapter 3: 23 studies were included. IVF-OD is associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (OR 2.63, 2.17-3.18), preeclampsia (OR 2.64; 2.29-3.04), severe preeclampsia (OR 3.22; 2.30-4.49), pregnancy induced hypertension (OR 2.16; 1.79-2.62), preterm birth (OR 1.57; 1.33-1.86), low birth weight (OR 1.25, 1.20-1.30). There was no significant difference in the risk of preterm birth or low birth weight when adjusted for preeclampsia.. Conclusions: Pregnancies after IVF AO and FET have a lower risk of PB and LBW compared to IVF AO and fresh ET. Pregnancies after IVF AO and FET have a higher risk of PE compared with IVF AO and fresh ET. Pregnancies after IVF OD have a higher risk of PB, LBW and HDP and PE compared to IVF AO.
Roigé, Castellví Joana. "Factors prenatals i perinatals relacionats amb el desenvolupament cognitiu i problemes psicològics en l'infant." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668086.
Full textEl embarazo es un período de máxima vulnerabilidad por la influencia de múltiples factores de riesgo los cuales pueden ser el origen de múltiples problemas del desarrollo, enfermedades y patologías a lo largo de la vida del individuo. Se han descrito múltiples factores de riesgo relacionados con el neurodesarrollo del niño. Dos de ellos son el estado nutricional materno y la exposición prenatal a los tóxicos. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es investigar los factores de riesgo prenatales y perinatales (concretamente los niveles de homocisteína preconcepcional y la exposición al humo del tabaco) implicados en el desarrollo neuropsicológico del niño. Además, también nos planteamos estudiar la influencia de los factores de riesgo ambientales en el diagnóstico de TDAH, así como analizar la validez del Conners 3 AI y de las escalas específicas del CBCL / 6-18 y del YSR711-18 para la detección de este trastorno. Para dar respuesta a los objetivos planteados en esta tesis, se han tenido en cuenta los resultados obtenidos de tres estudios diferentes: el estudio PreC y el estudio NutCir (ambos son estudios de cohorte con un diseño longitudinal prospectivo) y el estudio EPINED (estudio transversal de doble fase). De los resultados obtenidos podemos concluir el período prenatal es un período de gran importancia para el neurodesarrollo del niño a largo plazo. Concretamente, los resultados nos han permitido corroborar que el estado nutricional de la madre previo a la concepción y la exposición prenatal al humo del tabaco son factores de riesgo de problemas en el neurodesarrollo a largo plazo.
Pregnancy is a period of maximum vulnerability due to the influence of multiple risk factors which can originate multiple developmental problems, diseases and pathologies throughout the life of person. Multiple risk factors related to child neurodevelopment have been described. Two of them are maternal nutritional status and prenatal smoke exposure. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the prenatal and perinatal risk factors (specifically the levels of preconceptional homocysteine and prenatal smoke exposure) involved in the neuropsychological development of the child. In addition, we also want to study the influence of environmental risk factors on the diagnosis of ADHD, as well as analyze the validity of Conners 3 AI and the specific scales of CBCL / 6-18 and YSR711-18 for the ADHD screening. In order to highlight the aim of this thesis, we considered the results obtained from three different studies: the PreC study, the NutCir study (both are birth cohort studies with a prospective longitudinal design) and the EPINED study (double-phase cross-sectional study). From the results obtained we can conclude that the prenatal period is a period of great importance for the neurodevelopment of the child in the long term. Specifically, the results have allowed us to corroborate that the nutritional status of the mother prior to conception and prenatal smoke exposure are risk factors for neurodevelopmental problems in the long term.
Pla, Codina Laura. "Diagnosis and perinatal therapies in an animal model of intrauterine growth restriction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673611.
Full textCruz, Lemini Mónica Cristina. "Fetal cardiovascular dysfunction in intrauterine growth restriction as a predictive marker of perinatal outcome and cardiovascular disease in childhood." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/134221.
Full textLos fetos con restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) presentan remodelamiento cardiovascular el cual persiste en la infancia y se ha asociado a enfermedades cardiovasculares en el adulto. La hipertensión en la infancia se ha demostrado como un factor de riesgo cardiovascular para la enfermedad adulta. Un seguimiento estricto junto con intervenciones en la dieta se ha demostrado mejora la salud cardiovascular en estos niños, sin embargo no todas las restricciones del crecimiento tienen hipertensión en la infancia. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es definir los parámetros con mayor utilidad de la ecocardiografía fetal para predecir hipertensión y remodelamiento arterial en infantes de 6 meses de edad con restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. Para esto, se realizó un estudio de cohorte incluyendo fetos con RCIU y controles, seguidos desde vida prenatal hasta los 6 meses de edad. La evaluación prenatal consistió en una ecocardiografía funcional completa. A los 6 meses de edad estos niños fueron evaluados para hipertensión y remodelamiento arterial. Posteriormente se realizó la construcción de un score cardiovascular para determinar desde vida prenatal aquellos niños con mayor riesgo a presentar hipertensión en vida postnatal y que pudieran requerir vigilancia o intervenciones.
Arnau, Sánchez José. "Estudio Exploratorio de la Humanización en la Atención Perinatal de la Mujer del Área I de Salud de la Región de Murcia." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125859.
Full textThe reproductive process’ woman has experienced an increase of quality, taking into account morbidity and mortality indicators. Likewise, the scientific evidence about obstetric cares provided have been reviewed by both international and National Institutions, questioning the Hegemonic Medical Model and fostering humanizing cares. Likewise, it will be revised the empowerment, Autonomy and woman’s take decisions in the perinatal process, taking into consideration the relationship that is set by health team, woman and her partner. Besides, the professionals’ values acquired during labour socialization process and Academic training. All of them allow us to analyze not only the professional’s attitude in the laboral field but also the emotions and perceptions from women and her partner.