Journal articles on the topic 'Salt Screen'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Salt Screen.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Salt Screen.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Nojosa Lessa, Carla Ingryd, Geocleber Gomes de Sousa, Henderson Castelo Sousa, Fred Denilson Barbosa da Silva, Silas Primola Gomes, and Thales Vinicius De Araújo Viana. "Agricultural ambience and salt stress in production of yellow passion fruit seedlings." Comunicata Scientiae 13 (June 12, 2022): e3703. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v13.3703.
Full textAbstract:
The objective was to evaluate the initial growth and gas exchange of yellow passion fruit seedlings irrigated with saline water under different environments. The experiment was conducted of the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção-CE. The experimental design used was entirely randomized, in factor arrangement 4 x 2, referring to four environments with different shade screens (black screen; whitescreen; red screen; all with 50% shading; and full sun) and the values of electrical conductivity of irrigationwater (0.3 and 3.0 dS m-1), with five repetitions. The following variables were evaluated: number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, stomach conductance, instantaneous water use efficiency, electrical conductivity of the saturation extract and soil pH. The environment with black screen provides greater performance in leaf area, plant height and root length and was more efficient for the production of dry mass of the aerial part and the root of passion fruit seedlings in both irrigation waters. The red screen environment stimulates greater photosynthesis, transpiration, stomach conductance and chlorophyll in passion fruit seedlings irrigated with low salinity water, while the black screen mitigated saline stress for these variables. The full sun environment provided greater instantaneous water use efficiency in passion fruit seedlings for treatment with low salinity water and the black screen environment with high salinity water.
2
Keathley, C. "Pass the salt ... and other bits of business." Screen 52, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/screen/hjq065.
Full text
3
Liu, Hui, Yuan Hong Xie, Tao Han, and Hong Xing Zhang. "Studies on the Action Mechanism for Cholesterol-Lowering of Lactobacillus which Yields Bile Salt Hydrolase from Kefir Grains." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 1336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.1336.
Full textAbstract:
Cholesterol-lowering strains were obtained by high throughput screening technology and ortho-phthalaldehyde method. We used oxford cup method to screen again to obtain strains of high yield bile salt hydrolase and illuminate action mechanism ofLactobacillusreducing cholesterol. Screened six strains had the ability of high yield bile salt hydrolase and good ferment ability. The results of identifying bacteria species: strain KTxKL1J1 wereLactobacillus casei, strain Tx wasStreptococcus thermophilus, strain KS4P1 wereLactococcus lactis subsp.lactis, where the last two bacteria were strain of high yield bile salt hydrolase to be few known in literature. This work showed that dissociation bile salts and cholesterol conjuncted sediments by bile salt hydrolase decomposing conjugated bile salts.
4
Grimm, Clemens, Ashwin Chari, Klaus Reuter, and Utz Fischer. "A crystallization screen based on alternative polymeric precipitants." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 66, no. 6 (May 15, 2010): 685–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444910009005.
Full textAbstract:
Most commercially available crystallization screens are sparse-matrix screens with a predominance of inorganic salts and polyethylene glycols (PEGs) as precipitants. It was noted that commercially available screens are largely unsatisfactory for the purpose of the crystallization of multimeric protein and protein–nucleic acid complexes. This was reasoned to be a consequence of the redundancy in screening crystallization parameter space by the predominance of PEG as a precipitant in standard screens and it was suggested that this limitation could be overcome by introducing a variety of other organic polymers. Here, a set of 288 crystallization conditions was devised based on alternative polymeric precipitants and tested against a set of 20 different proteins/complexes; finally, a screen comprising the 96 most promising conditions designed to complement PEG- and salt-based commercial screens was proposed.
5
Smethurst, Christiane F., Warwick M. Gill, and Sergey Shabala. "Using excised leaves to screen lucerne for salt tolerance." Plant Signaling & Behavior 4, no. 1 (January 2009): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.4.1.7269.
Full text
6
Dissanayake, Ruwani, Hossein V. Kahrood, Adam M. Dimech, Dianne M. Noy, Garry M. Rosewarne, Kevin F. Smith, Noel O. I. Cogan, and Sukhjiwan Kaur. "Development and Application of Image-Based High-Throughput Phenotyping Methodology for Salt Tolerance in Lentils." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121992.
Full textAbstract:
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress in Australian lentil-producing areas. It is therefore imperative to identify genetic variation for salt tolerance in order to develop lentil varieties suitable for saline soils. Conventional screening methods include the manual assessment of stress symptoms, which can be very laborious, time-consuming, and error-prone. Recent advances in image-based high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) technologies have provided unparalleled opportunities to screen plants for a range of stresses, such as salt toxicity. The current study describes the development and application of an HTP method for salt toxicity screening in lentils. In a pilot study, six lentil genotypes were evaluated to determine the optimal salt level and the growth stage for distinguishing lentil genotypes using red–green–blue (RGB) images on a LemnaTec Scanalyzer 3D phenomics platform. The optimized protocol was then applied to screen 276 accessions that were also assessed earlier in a conventional phenotypic screen. Detailed phenotypic trait assessments, including plant growth and green/non-green color pixels, were made and correlated to the conventional screen (r = 0.55; p < 0.0001). These findings demonstrated the improved efficacy of an image-based phenotyping approach that is high-throughput, efficient, and better suited to modern breeding programs.
7
Cavassini, Matthias, Aline Wenger, Katia Jaton, Dominique S. Blanc, and Jacques Bille. "Evaluation of MRSA-Screen, a Simple Anti-PBP 2a Slide Latex Agglutination Kit, for Rapid Detection of Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 5 (1999): 1591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.5.1591-1594.1999.
Full textAbstract:
The MRSA-Screen test (Denka Seiken Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), consisting of a slide latex agglutination kit that detects PBP 2a with a monoclonal antibody, was blindly compared to the oxacillin disk diffusion test, the oxacillin-salt agar screen, and PCR of themecA gene for the detection of methicillin resistance inStaphylococcus aureus. A total of 120 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and 80 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates, defined by the absence or presence of the mecA gene, respectively, were tested. The MRSA-Screen test, the oxacillin disk diffusion test, and the oxacillin-salt agar screening test showed sensitivities of 100, 61.3, and 82.5% and specificities of 99.2, 96.7, and 98.3%, respectively. We conclude that the MRSA-Screen is a very accurate, reliable, and fast test (15 min) for differentiation of MRSA from MSSA colonies on agar plates.
8
Rousseau, Jérôme H. Le, Henry Calandra, and Maarten V. de Hoop. "Three‐dimensional depth imaging with generalized screens: A salt body case study." GEOPHYSICS 68, no. 4 (July 2003): 1132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1598105.
Full textAbstract:
We illustrate the performance of the generalized screen propagator on real seismic data for 3D zero‐offset and prestack depth imaging. We use TotalFinaElf's L7D data set from the North Sea, a 3D marine seismic survey that contained limited azimuthal coverage. The subsurface shows significant tectonic deformation, including an intrusive salt body in sedimentary sequences. A transformation to common azimuth is applied prior to the 3D prestack depth imaging procedure. We compare the performance of the generalized screen propagator with that of a hybrid phase shift plus interpolation (PSPI)/split‐step Fourier method. Three‐dimensional prestack results confirm the generalized screen method handles multipathing more accurately. Comparisons are also made with Kirchhoff migration results. The results differ mainly in the fine‐scale irregularities of the image and not in the wavefront set of the image. Using synthetic models of similar structure (the SEG/EAGE salt model), we further illustrate the importance of multipathing and multiple scattering. Overall, our results show that our wave‐equation approach produces better images than the Kirchhoff approach to prestack depth migration; we attribute this mainly to a more complete handling of wave diffraction in the generalized screen expansion, which becomes important in strongly heterogeneous and irregular velocity models such as the ones containing salt bodies.
9
Toscano, Stefania, Ferdinando Branca, Daniela Romano, and Antonio Ferrante. "An Evaluation of Different Parameters to Screen Ornamental Shrubs for Salt Spray Tolerance." Biology 9, no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9090250.
Full textAbstract:
In the context of seaside landscaping, one of the greatest challenges for practitioners and scientists is to select suitable species that are able to tolerate salt spray. This is the key aspect for a wide number of potentially suitable species. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify plant traits associated with species tolerance to salt stress and (2) to evaluate the responses of different shrub species to salt spray. For this purpose, a study was conducted to determine the effects of salt spray on twenty-four ornamental shrubs using rapid and easy-to-use methodology. The species were subjected twice a week to nebulization treatment with simulated seawater solution for 60 days. Every 20 days, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were determined. Furthermore, dry biomass of the different organographic portions, leaf number, leaf area, Specific Leaf Area, chlorophyll content, and leaf damage were determined at the end of the experiment. The species exposed to seawater solution showed different physiological and morphological responses. Based on the above indices, these ornamental shrubs were screened and categorized as tolerant, moderately tolerant, or susceptible. The results suggest that Convolvulus, Ceratonia, and Ligustrum are more tolerant to salt spray than numerous other genotypes; L. langmaniae, Cascabela, and L. frutescens, conversely, are more sensitive. Among the plant traits, the morphological parameters thoroughly characterized the effects of the salt spray, but they were destructive, with the only exception being the leaf damage percentage. This last non-destructive parameter is interesting considering the aesthetic value that ornamental plants must have. The physiological parameters, and in particular photosynthesis activity, can instead be used as a non-destructive screening method to select species suitable for ornamental green spaces near the sea.
10
Liu, Yuanxi, Yinping Li, Hongling Ma, Xilin Shi, Zhuyan Zheng, Zhikai Dong, and Kai Zhao. "Detection and Evaluation Technologies for Using Existing Salt Caverns to Build Energy Storage." Energies 15, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 9144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239144.
Full textAbstract:
Underground salt caverns are widely used in large-scale energy storage, such as natural gas, compressed air, oil, and hydrogen. In order to quickly build large-scale natural gas reserves, an unusual building method was established. The method involves using the existing salt caverns left over from solution mining of salt to build energy storages. In 2007, it was first applied to Jintan Natural Gas Storage of China. Based on this successful project, several existing salt caverns were screened to build energy storages in China. Engineering experience indicates that the key to successful reusing is how to select the most suitable of the numerous available caverns and confirm it. This paper summarizes and reviews relevant theories and testing methods, including: (1) the primary selection principle for using existing salt caverns to build energy storage, (2) the testing method and evaluation theory of tightness of the existing salt cavern, and (3) the typical project case of using the existing salt caverns to build energy storage in China. From the practical application results, the selection principle proposed in this paper can quickly screen available existing salt caverns with energy storage potential, and the brine injection method can effectively evaluate their tightness. It provides a technical roadmap for the subsequent implementation of existing salt cavern utilization projects on a large scale.
11
Lee, Jeong-Dong, Scotty L. Smothers, David Dunn, Margarita Villagarcia, Calvin R. Shumway, Thomas E. Carter, and J. Grover Shannon. "Evaluation of a Simple Method to Screen Soybean Genotypes for Salt Tolerance." Crop Science 48, no. 6 (November 2008): 2194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2008.02.0090.
Full text
12
Bolton, Adam, and Philipp Simon. "Variation for Salinity Tolerance During Seed Germination in Diverse Carrot [Daucus carota (L.)] Germplasm." HortScience 54, no. 1 (January 2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13333-18.
Full textAbstract:
Global carrot production is limited by the crop’s high susceptibility to salinity stress. Not much public research has been conducted to screen for genetic salinity stress tolerance in carrot, and few resources exist to aid plant breeders in improving salinity tolerance in carrot. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the response of diverse carrot germplasm to salinity stress, identify salt-tolerant carrot germplasm that may be used by breeders, and define appropriate screening criteria for assessing salt tolerance in germinating carrot seed. Carrot plant introductions (PIs) (n = 273) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Plant Germplasm System representing 41 different countries, inbred lines from the USDA Agricultural Research Service (n = 16), and widely grown commercial hybrids (n = 5) were screened for salinity tolerance under salinity stress and nonstress conditions (150 and 0 mm NaCl, respectively) by measuring the absolute decrease (AD) in the percent of germination, inhibition index (II), relative salt tolerance (RST), and salt tolerance index (STI) of germinating seeds. All salt tolerance measurements differed significantly between accessions; AD ranged from −4.2% to 93.0%; II ranged from −8.0% to 100.0%; RST ranged from 0.0 to 1.08; and STI ranged from 0.0 to 1.38. Broad sense heritability calculations for these measurements were 0.87 or more, indicating a strong genetic contribution to the variation observed. Six accessions identified as salt-tolerant or salt-susceptible were evaluated in a subsequent experiment conducted at salt concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mm NaCl. Variations between mean AD, II, RST, and STI of tolerant and susceptible lines were greatest at 150 mm NaCl, validating the use of 150 mm NaCl concentrations during salt tolerance screening of carrot seed. Wild carrot accessions displayed little tolerance, and PI 256066, PI 652253, PI 652402, and PI 652405 from Turkey were most salt-tolerant.
13
Kenza Oumlil. "Re-Writing History on Screen: Annemarie Jacir's Salt of This Sea." Arab Studies Quarterly 38, no. 3 (2016): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/arabstudquar.38.3.0586.
Full text
14
Adachi, Takeshi, Masahiro Tomioka, Hirofumi Kunitomo, Yoshifumi Okochi, Ikue Mori, and Yuichi Iino. "A suppressor screen for genes that regulate salt chemotaxis learning in C. elegans." Neuroscience Research 58 (January 2007): S227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2007.06.504.
Full text
15
Doumèche, Bastien, and Loïc J. Blum. "NADH oxidation on screen-printed electrode modified with a new phenothiazine diazonium salt." Electrochemistry Communications 12, no. 10 (October 2010): 1398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2010.07.031.
Full text
16
De-yong, Wang, Wang Jing, Zeng Qing-jun, and Deng Kai-fang. "Step-type stereo ecological seaborn construct and plant screening." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124801008.
Full textAbstract:
For the problem of traditional ecological seawall structure, ecological landscape monotonous problems, the stepped stereo ecological seawall integrating defense, ecological and landscape functions is proposed. In order to screen low-conditioned, salt, and suitable plants planted in coastal areas, 6 plants were studied in the form of sewage (Sonneratia, Arundo, Canna, Bischofia, Myriophyllum, Dianella) in different salt concentrations of salt sewage Change Law of Biochemical Indicators. The test results show that the chlorophyll content of Hazang, Mountains and Rusais increased significantly, and the content of malondialdehyde has a significant reduction in trend, indicating that they can thrive in salty sewage, have a high degree of stress resistance, and can be used as the preferred plants for ecological coast.
17
Wang, Weiwei, Yong Zhao, Wei Wang, Ke Xu, Liya Niu, Liang Yu, Jing wei Zou, et al. "Evaluation of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Study on Salt Tolerance Relationship of Different Salt-Tolerant Wheat Varieties." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (October 5, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2395568.
Full textAbstract:
The physiological and biochemical indexes of different salt-tolerant wheat cultivars under salt stress are affected to different degrees. The changes in physiological and biochemical indexes in salt-tolerant wheat varieties are moderate, while salt-sensitive wheat varieties have bigger changes. In this article, through comprehensive utilization of germination and seedling indoor test morphological indexes, physiological and biochemical index, and output index, combined with the evaluation mechanism of wheat’s salt resistance, different salt tolerance types in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Shandong province were studied; a collection of 100 wheat varieties and 11 wheat varieties planted over a large area were classified into three groups: strong salt resistance, medium salt resistance, and weak salt resistance. Comparative analysis of different wheat varieties’ salt resistance evaluation mechanism was performed, as well as the analysis of the germination rate of wheat varieties, coleoptile growth situation, emergence rate, protect wheat seeding rate, tillering rate, seedling height, root length, seedling dry weight, wet weight, number of leaves, plant growth situation, agronomic characters of the Na+/K+ ratio, and other physiological and biochemical indexes such as salt resistance index. The evaluation mechanism of salt tolerance and the relationship of salt tolerance of different wheat varieties were obtained. The results showed that there were significant differences in salt tolerance among the 100 wheat varieties at the germination stage. Among them, three varieties, YM (Yangmai) 25, YM (Yangmai) 24, and EM (Emai) 25, had the strongest salt tolerance at the germination stage, reaching the level of the salt tolerance variety DK 961, and the salt tolerance was in the first level, while NM 17, NM 23, and other 21 varieties reached the level of the salt tolerance. These 24 varieties with strong salt tolerance at the germination stage can be used to screen the salt tolerance of wheat planted in the saline soil of Jiangsu coastal beach.
18
Mahmud-Ur-Rahman, Iftekhar Bin Naser, Nur Uddin Mahmud, Aniruddha Sarker, M. Nazmul Hoque, and Tofazzal Islam. "A Highly Salt-Tolerant Bacterium Brevibacterium sediminis Promotes the Growth of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings." Stresses 2, no. 3 (July 25, 2022): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stresses2030020.
Full textAbstract:
Soil salinity has emerged as a serious issue for food security due to global climate change. It is estimated that currently about 62 million hectares or 20 percent of the world’s irrigated land is affected by salinity. Salinity is a serious problem in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Isolation of salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and applying them as bioinoculants in crop plants are considered promising and effective biotechnological approaches to combat soil salinity. This study aimed to screen salt-tolerant PGPB from the root, leaf, and rhizospheric soils of rice plants collected from salt-affected coastal areas including Chattogram, Noakhali, Lakshmipur, and Cox’s Bazar districts of Bangladesh and evaluated their performances on the seedling growth of rice. Out of forty-one salinity-tolerant bacterial isolates screened, Brevibacterium sediminis showed salinity tolerance up to 12% NaCl (w/v). In vitro bioassay revealed that B. sediminis promoted the seedling growth of rice cv. BRRI dhan29 (salinity susceptible) and BINAdhan-10 (salinity tolerant), and the growth-promoting effects were higher in BINAdhan-10. This study for the first time identified B. sediminis strain IBGE3C as a salt-tolerant PGPB from a widely cultivated rice variety, BRRI dhan28 in the Lakshmipur district of Bangladesh. Our results suggest that salt-tolerant PGPB isolated from the root, leaf, and rhizospheric soil of rice plants could be used as a low cost and environmentally friendly option for overcoming the detrimental effects of salt stress on rice plants in the southern coastal regions of Bangladesh. However, further studies are needed for assessing the efficacy of B. sediminis on enhancement of salinity tolerance, and growth and yield of rice under salinity stressed conditions.
19
Gonet, Andrzej, Stanisław Stryczek, and Marcin Kremieniewski. "Modern Methods of Strengthening and Sealing Salt Mines." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 5303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145303.
Full textAbstract:
In order to ensure safe working conditions for miners underground, many works are carried out in mines to strengthen and seal mining excavations. This article presents the successfully applied technology for removing water inflow from the unique Salt Mine. Failure to take such action may ultimately lead to the flooding of the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine (KSW). On the basis of the authors’ research studies, some of the implemented works at the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine are presented, the purpose of which is to better protect the mine against the risk of flooding with water. Thanks to this, the mine can safely survive for many more years. This article presents two innovative technologies in salt mines: (1) sealing of the rock mass surrounding the Kościuszko shaft casing in the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine, where jet injection was used as the basic method of making an anti-filter screen outside the shaft casing and classic injection as a supplementary method for sealing the anthropogenic embankment; (2) reconstruction of the internal pillar of safety by implementing a patented technology called “pipeline injection” on the example of the Mina cross-section, in which a catastrophic water inflow was previously created that threatened the existence of the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine. The first method consists of making an anti-filter screen, which is located outside the shaft housing. Unfortunately, it is not possible to perform injection works from inside the shaft housing, because the Kosciuszko shaft, as a ventilation shaft, must be open constantly. To solve this problem, it is designed as the main technology known as jet grouting, which is supplemented by pressure injection at a depth of up to several meters with continuous monitoring of the condition of the casing during injection works. The second example concerns the reconstruction of the internal pillar of mine safety in the area of the northern border of the salt deposit. In this case, the catastrophic hazard is documented, as evidenced by the inflow to the Mina transverse, which is located on the fourth level of the mine. This task was successfully completed by the implementation of a patented technological solution called pipeline injection, the details of which are discussed in this article.
20
El-Hendawy, Salah E., Yuncai Hu, and Urs Schmidhalter. "Assessing the Suitability of Various Physiological Traits to Screen Wheat Genotypes for Salt Tolerance." Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 49, no. 9 (September 2007): 1352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2007.00533.x.
Full text
21
Hanachi, S., M. C. Labeke, and T. Mehouachi. "Application of chlorophyll fluorescence to screen eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivars for salt tolerance." Photosynthetica 52, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11099-014-0007-z.
Full text
22
Xu, Hai Min, Lin Zhao, Hua Wu, Wan Long Huang, Dong Ma, and Qiang Wang. "Experimental Research on the New Foam Drilling Fluid System." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2857.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the formation characteristics of high temperature (above130°C ) and multi-salt, we optimize several blowing agent monomers to compound a new type of foaming agent, and screen out the new foam stabilizer to determine the new ebonite foam drilling fluid system. In the laboratory, we evaluated its resistance to high temperature, salt and oil pollution. And we made a research on its rheological characteristics of the foam and the behavior of high salinity. The experimental result shows that the ebonite foam drilling fluid has much more foam, longer stable time, significant effect of the resistance to high temperature, salt and oil pollution and has good sand-carrying ability, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of loss circulation and meet the requirement of rock carrying and wellbore stabilization.
23
Loko, Belvida, Koffi David Hambada Montcho, Armel Clément Goudjo Mensah, Mahougnon Baudouin Geoffroy Gouveitcha, Agapit Wouyou, Julien Koffi Kpinkoun, Françoise Assogba Komlan, and Christophe Bernard Gandonou. "Response of three tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) cultivars produced in Benin to salinity stress at germination and young plant stages." International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology 7, no. 10 (October 6, 2020): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2020.710.002.
Full textAbstract:
The response of three tossa jute cultivars Ordinaire, 5-Doigts and Acc : Sud 2 to salt stress was evaluated at germination and young plant stages. Five NaCl concentrations: 0; 30; 60; 90 and 120 mM NaCl were used. Seeds were submitted to NaCl in petri dishes and germination was checked every day during thirty days in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Four-week old plants were submitted in pots to the same five NaCl concentrations by irrigation every two days for two weeks in screen house. NaCl reduced seed germination rate in all cultivars from day 2 to day 30 and the germination index. At the end of the 30 days, salt stress reduced the final germination percentages with a significant difference among cultivars: cultivar 5-doigts was the least affected than the two other cultivars. Salt effect caused a reduction of young plant growth whatever the growth parameter considered with a significant difference among cultivars. The growth of cultivar Acc:Sud 2 was more affected by salt stress with the lowest salt tolerance index whereas that of cultivar Ordinaire was the least affected with the highest salt tolerance index. Thus, cultivar 5-Doigts appeared as the most resistant to salt stress at germination stage among the three cultivars; whereas cultivar Ordinaire followed by 5-Doigts was the most salt resistant at young plant stage.
24
Zhang, Rui, Shahid Hussain, Yang Wang, Yonghao Liu, Qing Li, Yinglong Chen, Huanhe Wei, Pinglei Gao, and Qigen Dai. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm at the Germination Stage." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081569.
Full textAbstract:
Salt stress reduces the yield and quality of rice. It is of great significance to screen out salt-tolerant varieties for the development and utilization of saline land. The study was carried out on 114 rice varieties; first, seven varieties were selected and treated with different salt concentrations (0, 50, 85, 120, 155, 190, 225 mM), and seven traits, including germination energy, germination capacity, shoot length, root length, root number, plant fresh weight, and seedling vigor index, were measured. The salt concentration at which the sodium chloride injury index was 50% of the control was considered the optimal salt concentration. Second, 114 rice germplasms were carried out under an optimal salt concentration (120 mM). Then, principal component analysis, fuzzy function analysis, stepwise regression analysis, correlation analysis, and systematic cluster analysis were carried out on each parameter. There was a significant correlation between each parameter and the D-value, and the correlation coefficient between the seedling vigor index and D-value was the highest. D-value = − 0.272 + 1.335 × STI − SVI + 0.549 × STI − RN − 0.617 × STI-RL + 0.073 × STI − GE, R2 = 0.986. Using this equation, the sodium chloride tolerance of rice in the germination experiment could be quickly identified. This study showed that the seedling vigor index was a reliable parameter to identify the salinity tolerance of rice varieties. Five groups were obtained by classification at a Euclidean distance of 5. There were 8 highly salt-tolerant cultivars, 23 salt-tolerant cultivars, 42 cultivars with moderate salt tolerance, 33 salt-sensitive cultivars, and 8 highly salt-sensitive cultivars. In this study, we found that Riguang was the most salt-tolerant rice variety, and Xiangxuejing15 was the most salt-sensitive variety.
25
Laffitte, Yohan, and Bonnie L. Gray. "Potentiometric pH Sensor Based on Flexible Screen-Printable Polyaniline Composite for Textile-Based Microfluidic Applications." Micromachines 13, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091376.
Full textAbstract:
Skin pH can be used for monitoring infections in a healing wound, the onset of dermatitis, and hydration in sports medicine, but many challenges exist in integrating conventional sensing materials into wearable platforms. We present the development of a flexible, textile-based, screen-printed electrode system for biosensing applications, and demonstrate flexible polyaniline (PANI) composite-based potentiometric sensors on a textile substrate for real-time pH measurement. The pH response of the optimized PANI/dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid/screen-printing ink composite is compared to electropolymerized and drop-cast PANI sensors via open circuit potential measurements. High sensitivity was observed for all sensors between pH 3–10, with a composite based on PANI emeraldine base, demonstrating sufficient response time and a linear sensitivity of −27.9 mV/pH. This exceeded prior flexible screen-printed pH sensors in which all parts of the sensor, including the pH sensing material, are screen-printed. Even better sensitivity was observed for a PANI emeraldine salt composite (−42.6 mV/pH), although the response was less linear. Furthermore, the sensor was integrated into a screen-printed microfluidic channel demonstrating sample isolation during measurement for wearable, micro cloth-based analytical devices. This is the first fully screen-printed flexible PANI composite pH sensor demonstrated on a textile substrate that can additionally be integrated with textile-based microfluidic channels.
26
Raghuvanshi, Rishiraj, Ashish Kumar Srivastava, Satish Verulkar, and Penna Suprasanna. "Unlocking Allelic Diversity for Sustainable Development of Salinity Stress Tolerance in Rice." Current Genomics 22, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202922666211005121412.
Full textAbstract:
: Rice is a major cereal crop, negatively impacted by soil-salinity, both in terms of plant growth as well as productivity. Salinity tolerant rice varieties have been developed using conventional breeding approaches, however, there has been limited success which is primarily due to the complexity of the trait, low yield, variable salt stress response and availability of genetic resources. Furthermore, the narrow genetic base is a hindrance for further improvement of the rice varieties. Therefore, there is a greater need to screen available donor germplasm in rice for salinity tolerance related genes and traits. In this regard, genomics based techniques are useful for exploring new gene resources and QTLs. In rice, the vast allelic diversity existing in the wild and cultivated germplasm needs to be explored for improving salt tolerance. In the present review, we provide an overview of the allelic diversity in the Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) like Saltol, qGR6.2, qSE3 and RNC4 as well as genes like OsHKT1;1, SKC1 (OsHKT1;5/HKT8) and OsSTL1 (salt tolerance level 1 gene) related to salt tolerance in rice. We have also discussed approaches for developing salt-tolerant cultivars by utilizing the effective QTLs or genes/alleles in rice.
27
Fang, Jie, Xiaojiao Han, Lihua Xie, Mingying Liu, Guirong Qiao, Jing Jiang, and Renying Zhuo. "Isolation of Salt Stress-Related Genes fromAspergillus glaucusCCHA by Random Overexpression inEscherichia coli." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/620959.
Full textAbstract:
The halotolerant fungusAspergillus glaucusCCHA was isolated from the surface of wild vegetation around a saltern with the salinity range being 0–31%. Here, a full-length cDNA library ofA. glaucusunder salt stress was constructed to identify genes related to salt tolerance, and one hundred clones were randomly selected for sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Among these, 82 putative sequences were functionally annotated as being involved in signal transduction, osmolyte synthesis and transport, or regulation of transcription. Subsequently, the cDNA library was transformed intoE. colicells to screen for putative salt stress-related clones. Five putative positive clones were obtained fromE. colicells grown on LB agar containing 1 M NaCl, on which they showed rapid growth compared to the empty vector control line. Analysis of transgenicArabidopsis thalianalines overexpressingCCHA-2142demonstrated that the gene conferred increased salt tolerance to plants as well by protecting the cellular membranes, suppressing the inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis. These results highlight the utility of thisA. glaucuscDNA library as a tool for isolating and characterizing genes related to salt tolerance. Furthermore, the identified genes can be used for the study of the underlying biology of halotolerance.
28
Ji, Xinying, Jiali Tang, and Junpei Zhang. "Effects of Salt Stress on the Morphology, Growth and Physiological Parameters of Juglansmicrocarpa L. Seedlings." Plants 11, no. 18 (September 12, 2022): 2381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11182381.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, to screen for walnut salt-tolerant rootstocks, Juglans microcarpa L. seedlings were treated in different NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mmol/L), and the growth situation of seedlings was observed. Moreover, we determined the physiological indexes of seedlings on different days (6, 12, 18, and 24 d) after treatment. The results showed that after salt stress, the external morphology of seedlings displayed salt injury, which manifested as yellowing, withering, curling, and falling off of leaves. High concentrations and long-term stress led to more serious damage, with numerous leaves undergoing withering and shedding. Salt stress significantly inhibited the growth of seedlings. With the increase in salt concentration and stress time, the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters of seedlings reduced to varying degrees; the relative electrical conductivity (REC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities generally increased, followed by a decrease; proline (Pro) accumulated; and soluble sugar (SS) content first increased and then decreased. In addition, it promoted the production of abscisic acid (ABA) and inhibited the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid 3 (GA3), and zeatin riboside (ZR). It was found that J.microcarpa L. seedlings were more tolerant under 100 mmol/L salt stress, whereas the damage to growth was more severe at 200 mmol/L to 300 mmol/L salt stress.
29
Cai, Mei, Ling Yang, Haowei Wang, and Xiangxiang Fu. "Comparative Physiochemical Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance between Cornus florida and Cornus hongkongensis subsp. elegans Based on Germination and Seedling Growth." Horticulturae 8, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8121149.
Full textAbstract:
Cornus florida and Cornus hongkongensis subsp. elegans are potential species in saline-alkali areas for use as horticultural plants with high ornamental value. This work aimed to screen suitable tolerant dogwoods by comparing the responses of two dogwoods to salt stress according to phenotypic and physiochemical indicators on germination and seedling growth. For relieving seed dormancy, two pretreatments were performed on seeds, coded as T1 (soaked by gibberellic acid (GA3) alone) and T2 (soaked by GA3 with gradient salt concentrations of 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.45%), and pretreated seeds were then germinated at the corresponding salt concentrations in pretreatment. As salt levels increased, the seed germination parameters decreased for both dogwoods, whereas the relative salt damage rate (SDR) significantly increased. While the growth of above-ground parts was significantly inhibited, that of underground parts changed little. Furthermore, the malondialdehyde content (MDA), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), organic solutes (soluble sugar (SS) and proline (Pro)), and inorganic ions (K+, Na+, Ca2+) significantly accumulated in seedlings with increasing salinity levels, whereas K+/Na+ ratio decreased. Correlation analysis indicates that organic osmolyte (SS) and ion osmoregulation could be the main physiological mechanisms conferring salinity tolerance for both dogwoods. Compared with osmolytes, ion osmoregulation may be more critical for salt tolerance in the seedlings of the studied dogwoods. Collectively, the superior salt tolerance of C. florida to C. hongkongensis subsp. elegans suggests that the two species could be cultivated in saline areas with 0.3% and 0.2% salt levels, respectively.
30
Pan, Qiqi, Xudan Shen, Leilei Yu, Fengwei Tian, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Wei Chen, and Qixiao Zhai. "Comparative Genomic Analysis Determines the Functional Genes Related to Bile Salt Resistance in Lactobacillus salivarius." Microorganisms 9, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102038.
Full textAbstract:
Lactobacillus salivarius has drawn attention because of its promising probiotic functions. Tolerance to the gastrointestinal tract condition is crucial for orally administrated probiotics to exert their functions. However, previous studies of L. salivarius have only focused on the bile salt resistance of particular strains, without uncovering the common molecular mechanisms of this species. Therefore, in this study, we expanded our research to 90 L. salivarius strains to explore their common functional genes for bile salt resistance. First, the survival rates of the 90 L. salivarius strains in 0.3% bile salt solutions were determined. Comparative genomics analysis was then performed to screen for the potential functional genes related to bile salt tolerance. Next, real-time polymerase chain reaction and gene knockout experiments were conducted to further verify the tolerance-related functional genes. The results indicated that the strain-dependent bile salt tolerance of L. salivarius was mainly associated with four peptidoglycan synthesis-related genes, seven phosphotransferase system-related genes, and one chaperone-encoding gene involved in the stress response. Among them, the GATase1-encoding gene showed the most significant association with bile salt tolerance. In addition, four genes related to DNA damage repair and substance transport were redundant in the strains with high bile salt tolerance. Besides, cluster analysis showed that bile salt hydrolases did not contribute to the bile salt tolerance of L. salivarius. In this study, we determined the global regulatory genes, including LSL_1568, LSL_1716 and LSL_1709, for bile salt tolerance in L. salivarius and provided a potential method for the rapid screening of bile salt-tolerant L. salivarius strains, based on PCR amplification of functional genes.
31
Shaheen, Farzana, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Tasneem Ahmad, Muhammad Yaseen Ashraf, Kafeel Ahmed, Sonaina Nazar, muhammad Nadeem, et al. "Screening of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Salt Tolerance on the Basis of Physiochemical Characteristics and Bio-Physiological Parameters and Indices." Revista de Chimie 72, no. 3 (July 29, 2021): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.21.3.8438.
Full textAbstract:
Salt stress is a major threat for growth and development of wheat crop. Screening technique for salinity tolerance is an effective tool to identify tolerant cultivar and high yielding wheat genotypes. Present study was carried out to screen twenty wheat genotypes under laboratory terms utilizing various growth and physiological indices like plant fresh weight stress indices (PFSI), plant height stress tolerance index (PHSI), shoot length stress tolerance index (SLSI), germination stress tolerance index (GSI), plant dry weight stress indices (PDSI), root length stress tolerance index (RLSI), relative water content (RWC). Multivariate techniques like cluster analysis and correlation were used to analyze the variance between wheat genotypes. The correlations analysis indicated significant among different physiological indices like GSI, SLSI, RLSI, PFSI, PDSI and RWC. On the basis of cluster analysis 20 wheat genotypes were classified into three clusters: first cluster included (The genotype WL-711 was the premier scorer followed by Nifa Bathoor, ARRI-II and Millat-11) presents sufficient salt tolerating degree, on the other hand, cluster-2 is comprised of wheat genotypes (Inqilab-91, NIAB-09, Punjab-96, Sehar-2006, Tatara, AS-2002, SA-75, Lasani-09, FSD-08 and Galaxy-13) with medium level of salt tolerance and cluster-3 included genotypes (LU-26-S, Fakhar e Sarhad, Bakhtawar, Punjab-11, Barsat and Kohistan-97) did not perform upto the mark and have lower level of salt tolerance. Correlation analysis among different screening techniques indicated that physiological indices exhibited highly significant and positive correlations among GSI, PHSI, SLSI, PDSI, PFSI, and RWC while non-significant correlation existed among PDSI and RLSI. The correlation between PFSI and RWC was significant. Significant correlations between cluster analysis and different indices also proved that salt tolerant wheat genotypes screened.
32
Farooq, Shafqat, and Farooqe Azam. "The use of cell membrane stability (CMS) technique to screen for salt tolerant wheat varieties." Journal of Plant Physiology 163, no. 6 (April 2006): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2005.06.006.
Full text
33
Le Rousseau, Jéro⁁me H., and Maarten V. de Hoop. "Modeling and imaging with the scalar generalized‐screen algorithms in isotropic media." GEOPHYSICS 66, no. 5 (September 2001): 1551–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1487101.
Full textAbstract:
The phase‐screen and the split‐step Fourier methods, which allow modeling and migration in laterally heterogeneous media, are generalized here so as to increase their accuracies for media with large and rapid lateral variations. The medium is defined in terms of a background medium and a perturbation. Such a contrast formulation induces a series expansion of the vertical slowness in which we recognize the first term as the split‐step Fourier approximation and the addition of higher‐order terms of the expansion increases the accuracy. Employing this expansion in the one‐way scalar propagator yields the scalar one‐way generalized‐screen propagator. We also introduce a generalized‐screen representation of the reflection operator. The interaction between the upgoing and downgoing fields is taken into account by a Bremmer series. These results are then cast into numerical algorithms. We analyze the accuracy of the generalized‐screen method in complex structures using synthetic models that exhibit significant multipathing: the IFP 2‐D Marmousi model and the SEG‐EAGE 3‐D salt model. As compared with the split‐step Fourier method, in the presence of lateral medium variations, the generalized‐screen methods exhibit an increased accuracy at wider angles of propagation and scattering. As a result, in the process of migration, we can choose a member of the family of our generalized‐screen algorithms in accordance with the complexity of the medium (velocity model).
34
Guan, Le, Muhammad Haider, Nadeem Khan, Maazullah Nasim, Songtao Jiu, Muhammad Fiaz, Xudong Zhu, Kekun Zhang, and Jinggui Fang. "Transcriptome Sequence Analysis Elaborates a Complex Defensive Mechanism of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in Response to Salt Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 4019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19124019.
Full textAbstract:
Salinity is ubiquitous abiotic stress factor limiting viticulture productivity worldwide. However, the grapevine is vulnerable to salt stress, which severely affects growth and development of the vine. Hence, it is crucial to delve into the salt resistance mechanism and screen out salt-resistance prediction marker genes; we implicated RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) technology to compare the grapevine transcriptome profile to salt stress. Results showed 2472 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in total in salt-responsive grapevine leaves, including 1067 up-regulated and 1405 down-regulated DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations suggested that many DEGs were involved in various defense-related biological pathways, including ROS scavenging, ion transportation, heat shock proteins (HSPs), pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) and hormone signaling. Furthermore, many DEGs were encoded transcription factors (TFs) and essential regulatory proteins involved in signal transduction by regulating the salt resistance-related genes in grapevine. The antioxidant enzyme analysis showed that salt stress significantly affected the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in grapevine leaves. Moreover, the uptake and distribution of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chlorine (Cl−) in source and sink tissues of grapevine was significantly affected by salt stress. Finally, the qRT-PCR analysis of DE validated the data and findings were significantly consistent with RNA-seq data, which further assisted in the selection of salt stress-responsive candidate genes in grapevine. This study contributes in new perspicacity into the underlying molecular mechanism of grapevine salt stress-tolerance at the transcriptome level and explore new approaches to applying the gene information in genetic engineering and breeding purposes.
35
Kim, Jin-Won, Tae-Young Lee, Gyoungju Nah, and Do-Soon Kim. "Potential of thermal image analysis for screening salt stress-tolerant soybean (Glycine max)." Plant Genetic Resources 12, S1 (July 2014): S134—S136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262114000422.
Full textAbstract:
Non-destructive high-throughput phenotyping based on phenomics is an emerging technology for assessing the genetic diversity of various traits and screening in breeding programmes. In this study, non-destructive measurements of leaf temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence were conducted to investigate the physiological responses of soybean (Glycine max) to salt stress so as to set up a non-destructive screening method. Two-week-old seedlings of soybean in the V2 stage were treated with 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mM NaCl to induce salt stress. Three parameters, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence, decreased significantly, while soybean leaf temperature increased by exhibiting a positive correlation with NaCl concentration (P< 0.001). Soybean leaf temperature increased significantly at 50 mM NaCl when compared with the untreated control, although no visual symptom was observed. We selected leaf temperature as a major physiological parameter of salt stress as its measurement is much easier, faster and cheaper than that of other physiological parameters. Therefore, leaf temperature can be used for evaluating the responses to salt stress in soybean as a non-destructive and phenomic parameter. The results of this study suggest that non-destructive parameters such as chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf temperature are useful tools for assessing the genetic diversity of soybean with regard to salt stress tolerance and to screen salt stress-tolerant soybean for breeding.
36
Jan, Sohail, Zabta Shinwari, and Malik Rabbani. "Morpho- biochemical evaluation of Brassica rapa sub-species for salt tolerance." Genetika 48, no. 1 (2016): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1601323j.
Full textAbstract:
Salt stress is one of the key abiotic stresses that affect both the qualitative and quantitative characters of many Brassica rapa sub-species by disturbing its normal morphobiochemical processes. Therefore, the present research work was designed to study the effect of different NaCl events (0, 50,100 and 150 mmol) on morphological and biochemical characters and to screen salt tolerant genotypes among brown, yellow and toria types of B. rapa sub-species. The plants were grown in test tubes with addition of four level of NaCl (0, 50,100 and 150 mmol). The effect of salinity on shoot and root length, shoot/ root fresh and dry weight, relative water content (RWC), proline and chlorophyll a, b, a+b contents was recorded after 4 weeks of sowing. The genotype 22861 (brown type) showed excellent morphological and biochemical performance at all stress levels followed by Toria-Sathi and Toria-A respectively as compared to Check variety TS-1. The genotype 26158 (yellow type) gave very poor performance and retard growth. The %RWC values and chlorophyll a, b and a+b contents were decreased several folds with the increase of salt concentration. While, the proline contents was increased with raising of salt stress. The brown and toria types showed maximum tolerance to salt stress at early germination stages as compare to yellows one. The present study will serve as model to develop quick salt tolerant genotypes among different plant sub-species against salt stress.
37
KUMAR, NEERAJ, C. BHARADWAJ, ANJALI SONI, SUPRIYA SACHDEVA, M. C. YADAV, MADAN PAL, K. R. SOREN, et al. "Physio-morphological and molecular analysis for salt tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 4 (July 10, 2020): 804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i4.102228.
Full textAbstract:
After drought salinity is the major abiotic stress that severely affects agricultural productivity globally. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the important grain legume which suffers approximately 8-10% of total global yield loss due to salinity. Screening for salt stress is difficult and traits that correlate salinity tolerance are least understood. The present study was carried out at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 2017-18, deals with the important morphological and physiological traits like RWC (Relative water content), EL (Electrolyte Leakage), Na/K (sodium and potassium ratio) to characterize the salt tolerant genotypes under hydroponic condition which is a quick and easy method to screen large number of chickpea genotypes at initial stage under salt stress condition. Genotypes showing high RWC, low EL and Na/K ratio were tolerant like ICCV 10, JG 11, JG 62 and CSG-8962 whereas genotypes like ICC4958 and Pusa362 fall under moderately tolerant genotypes and DCP 93-3, Pusa 256, Phule G5 and SBD 377 were classified as susceptible genotypes. This study also attempts to understand the candidate genes responsible for salt-stress related pathways in chickpea genotypes based on sequence similarity approach exploiting known salt-stress responsive genes from model crops or other crop species.
38
Sui, Dezong, and Baosong Wang. "Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Complex Defensive Mechanisms in Salt-Tolerant and Salt-Sensitive Shrub Willow Genotypes under Salinity Stress." International Journal of Genomics 2020 (July 28, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6870157.
Full textAbstract:
Salinity stress is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and productivity. As a moderately salt-tolerant crop, shrub willow (Salix spp.) is widely distributed over the world and can provide multiple bioenergy product and environmental benefits. To delve into the salt tolerance mechanism and screen out salt-tolerant genes, two shrub willow cultivars (a salt-sensitive genotype JW9-6 and a salt-tolerant genotype JW2372) at three time points (0, 2, and 12 h) after NaCl treatments were used for RNA sequencing. A comparative analysis between genotypes and time points showed 1,706 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 1,029 and 431 DEGs were only found in the JW9-6 and JW2372, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and MapMan annotations suggested that many DEGs were involved in various defense-related biological pathways, including cell wall integrity, hormone signaling, antioxidant system, heat shock proteins, and transcription factors. Compared to JW9-6, JW2372 contained more DEGs involved in the maintenance of the cell wall integrity, ABA, and ethylene signal transduction pathways. In addition, more DEGs encoding heat shock proteins were found in JW2372. Instead, transcription factors including ERF, MYB, NAC, and WRKY were found to be more differentially expressed in JW9-6 under salinity stress. Furthermore, expressions of nine randomly selected DEGs were verified by qRT-PCR analysis. This study contributes in new perspicacity into underlying the salt tolerance mechanism of a shrub willow at the transcriptome level and also provides numerous salt-tolerant genes for further genetic engineering and breeding purposes in the future.
39
Cutin, Buchard B., Roberta Lauzon, and Ivy C. Emnace. "Optimization of Air Frying Conditions For the Development of Healthy Banana (Musa acuminata × balbisiana Colla) Chips." Science and Humanities Journal 15, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47773/shj.1998.151.1.
Full textAbstract:
The study was conducted to optimize the air frying condition and formulation of banana chips with less oil content using air-frying technology. Variable screening employing Six Variables and Two Levels designed by Box, Hunter, and Hunter (1978) was conducted to screen the variables that would significantly influence the sensory acceptability of the product. These variables include the thickness of banana slice, oil levels, sodium metabisulfite levels, salt levels, blanching time, and frying temperature. The variables that were found significant are frying temperature, salt, and oil levels. These were used to identify the most suitable formulation for the development of air-fried banana chips using Central Composite Design (CCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The sensory quality evaluation of the product revealed that frying time significantly influenced the color, aroma, taste, crispiness, oiliness, and general acceptability of air-fried banana chips. The results also showed that salt significantly affected the aroma, taste, crispiness and general acceptability, while the addition of oil influenced the aroma, taste, crispiness, and oiliness of the product. The optimum points generated were 165oC frying temperature, 7.4% w/w salt, and 13% w/w oil.
40
Ganesh, Pushpalatha, Pavan Kumar Ganduri, Ramya Sri Pondala, Venkat Reddy Marthala, and Sridevi Gedala. "Integrated Physiological, Biochemical, Anatomical and Molecular Studies Reveals Salt Stress Responsive Mechanism Associated with Popular Rice Land-Races in Eastern Part of India." Current Agriculture Research Journal 5, no. 3 (September 10, 2017): 342–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.5.3.13.
Full textAbstract:
The present study aims towards examining physiological, biochemical, anatomical and molecular traits in the high-yielding rice landraces of the eastern part of India at germination and seedling stage for low-to-moderate salinity stress tolerance. The germination percentages of 12 high-yielding varieties were analyzed under seven different concentrations of salt (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mM). Although, Lalat performed very well with 63.66 % germination rate at 300 mM salt stress conditions, higher levels of salinity exhibited detrimental effects on other varieties. Hence, the salt concentrations 150 mM and 250 mM were optimally selected to screen the varieties for physiological and biochemical traits. The high-yielding varieties Lalat, Vamsi and Pratiksha exhibited lowest and similar trend of reduction over control (ROC) with relative water content (RWC) for 250 mM salt concentrations. The level of proline, increased with increasing concentrations of NaCl among most of the varieties and significantly high content was found in Vamsi. The chlorophyll content was high in Lalat as well as Pratiksha and reduction over control was highest in Vamsi under 150 mM salt concentrations. Interestingly, Lalat emerged as the most salt-tolerant landrace for physiological and biochemical traits. It was compared with salt-sensitive MTU7029 for anatomical changes on adaxial surface of the leaf blade and noticed out to be with less widened and few number of stomatal pores in response to salt stress. Further, expression analysis of salt-specific genes OsHKT1;5 and OsNHX1 resulted in identification of novel salt-stress responsive alleles/motifs like W-boxes, Box-W1, E2Fb and MBS in Lalat (salt-tolerant). Thus, the study disclosed the anatomical changes in adaxial surface of leaf and association of potential cis-acting regulatory elements (CARE) in regulation of salt-stress responsiveness in these two-contrasting rice landraces in the eastern part of India. Further, the study laid a foundation to explore transcriptional gene regulation to open-up the pathway towards crop improvement for salt-stress tolerance.
41
Bustos-Arriagada, Edson, Karina Etchegaray-Armijo, Ángelo Liberona-Ortiz, and Lissette Duarte-Silva. "Breastfeeding, Complementary Feeding, Physical Activity, Screen Use, and Hours of Sleep in Children under 2 Years during Lockdown by the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile." Children 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9060819.
Full textAbstract:
Infants and children are a risk group in terms of developing healthy habits, an important aspect if we consider that many of them were born during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to evaluate compliance with lifestyle recommendations proposed at the national and international levels in children aged 0 to 23 months during confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and 211 online questionnaires were completed with sociodemographic and lifestyle information of children. Our results show high compliance with the recommendations on breastfeeding intake (78.3% and 69.5% in 0–5-month-old and 6–23-month-old children, respectively); age of starting complementary feeding (87.4%); non-consumption of salt and sugar (80.1%), non-caloric sweeteners (90.7%), and sweet and salty snacks (68.9%); and hours of physical activity (66.8%) and sleep (65.4%). However, we observed low compliance with the recommendations on the age of introduction of dinner (58.0%), eggs (23.0%), legumes (39.2%), and fish (35.1%); low consumption of legumes (43.4%) and fish (20.5%); and low compliance with the recommendations on screen use during meals (59.2%) and daily screen hours (41.2%). In conclusion, feeding behavior, physical activity, use of screens, and hours of sleep in children were altered by confinement during the pandemic, harming the development of healthy lifestyles.
42
Rahman, MH, MM Alam Patwary, H. Barua, M. Hossain, and MM Hasan. "Screening of Salt Tolerant CIP Potato Germplasm for Saline Areas." Agriculturists 11, no. 1 (June 10, 2013): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i1.15249.
Full textAbstract:
Fifteen salt tolerant CIP (International Potato Centre) Potato genotypes along with BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute) Alu 7 (Diamant) and one local variety viz., Dohazari Sada were evaluated at Bashkhali, Chittagong during 2011-12 to screen the suitable genotypes for cultivation in saline areas of Bangladesh. Diamant and Dohazari Sada and all of the CIP genotypes were found to grow well up to 60 DAP (Days After Planting) at saline areas having healthy plants and no senescence was noticed but after that 61-100% plants died due to high level of soil salinity (6.41dS/m) depending on genotypes. Genotype CIP 112 gave the highest yield (21.07 t/ha) and CIP 102 was comparatively less affected by soil salinity than the other genotypes. However, all the salt tolerant CIP genotypes were found to be promising in the saline soil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i1.15249 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(1) 95-102
43
Islam, Md Mozahidul, Md Sabibul Haque, and AKM Golam Sarwar. "Salt tolerance of cowpea genotypes during seed germination and seedling growth." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i1.40661.
Full textAbstract:
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the most important grain legumes worldwide and its production is affected by increasing soil salinity due to global climate change. An experiment was conducted at the Plant Physiology Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the germination capability of seven cowpea genotypes under salt stress. The germination test was carried out in Petri dishes following two factorial CRD with three replications. Seven cowpea genotypes viz, Red Pine, Green Super, Hai Jiang San Hao, Kegornatki, Kegornatki Green, Kegornatki HYV & Kegornatki Red; and three salt levels viz, 0, 6 & 12 dSm-1, were used as experimental treatments. The germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), radicle and plumule length, radicle and plumule fresh and dry weight and different stress tolerance indices were recorded to screen the genotypes for salt tolerance. The study highlighted that salt concentrations drastically reduced seed germination and significantly delayed the process in all genotypes. The GP, length and biomass of radicle and plumule and salt tolerance indices were significantly decreased while the MGT was significantly increased with increasing salt stress in all cowpea genotypes. A significant variation among the genotypes in response to salt stress was also observed. Among the seven cowpea genotypes, Hai Jiang San Hao and Green Super showed higher salt tolerance in comparison to the other genotypes based on the measured traits; these genotypes can be used for further breeding program and/or cultivation in coastal saline prone areas with further investigation.
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 39–44, March 2019
44
Cranny, A., N. R. Harris, M. Nie, J. A. Wharton, R. J. K. Wood, and K. R. Stokes. "Screen-printed potentiometric Ag/AgCl chloride sensors: Lifetime performance and their use in soil salt measurements." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 169, no. 2 (October 2011): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2011.01.016.
Full text
45
Alam, Md Sarowar, Mark Tester, Gabriele Fiene, and Magdi Ali Ahmed Mousa. "Early Growth Stage Characterization and the Biochemical Responses for Salinity Stress in Tomato." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040712.
Full textAbstract:
Salinity is one of the most significant environmental stresses for sustainable crop production in major arable lands of the globe. Thus, we conducted experiments with 27 tomato genotypes to screen for salinity tolerance at seedling stage, which were treated with non-salinized (S1) control (18.2 mM NaCl) and salinized (S2) (200 mM NaCl) irrigation water. In all genotypes, the elevated salinity treatment contributed to a major depression in morphological and physiological characteristics; however, a smaller decrease was found in certain tolerant genotypes. Principal component analyses (PCA) and clustering with percentage reduction in growth parameters and different salt tolerance indices classified the tomato accessions into five key clusters. In particular, the tolerant genotypes were assembled into one cluster. The growth and tolerance indices PCA also showed the order of salt-tolerance of the studied genotypes, where Saniora was the most tolerant genotype and P.Guyu was the most susceptible genotype. To investigate the possible biochemical basis for salt stress tolerance, we further characterized six tomato genotypes with varying levels of salinity tolerance. A higher increase in proline content, and antioxidants activities were observed for the salt-tolerant genotypes in comparison to the susceptible genotypes. Salt-tolerant genotypes identified in this work herald a promising source in the tomato improvement program or for grafting as scions with improved salinity tolerance in tomato.
46
Laraib, Fizza, Rahmeen Rauf, Rimsha Dilshad, Nazia Jameel, and Rida Batool. "Characterization of Halophilic Bacteria Isolated from Khewra Salt Mines." Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 6, no. 02 (June 15, 2022): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0602214.
Full textAbstract:
Halophilic bacteria can populate every niche of earth. These halophiles have a great potential of exopolysaccharides production that is of considerable importance in various industries. To screen EPS producing halophiles, saline soil samples were collected from Khewra salt mines, Jehlum, Pakistan. Twenty-two morphologically different bacterial strains were isolated by serial dilution method. All strains were considered as moderate halophilic bacteria as they could grow at 3-15% of NaCl concentration whereas only three strains could grow at 15% of NaCl, which belonged to the genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas. For screening of EPS production, P-medium was used. While for the estimation of slime production, congo-red agar was used that exhibited positive results by appearance of black colored colonies by many strains. Moreover, EPS production was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Isolated Staphylococcus and Bacillus species produced high amount of EPS (20g/L). “Moderate halophiles” play an important role in therapeutics, bioremediation, food and medicine, petroleum and tanning industries by producing EPS. Recently, growth of many agriculture crops has been improved by using beneficial halophiles in saline soils. Consequently, with the help of these beneficial halophiles we can give benefit to mankind
47
Yao, Xin, Meiliang Zhou, Jingjun Ruan, Yan Peng, Hao Yang, Yong Tang, Anjing Gao, and Jianping Cheng. "Pretreatment with H2O2 Alleviates the Negative Impacts of NaCl Stress on Seed Germination of Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)." Plants 10, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 1784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091784.
Full textAbstract:
Soil salinization is one of the main abiotic stress factors impacting the growth of crops and the agricultural industry today. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of H2O2 pretreatment on seed germination in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) seeds under salt stress and to evaluate this species’ salt tolerance. Through the preliminary experiment, this study used 50 mmol L−1 NaCl solution to induce seed stress. After soaking for 12 h in different H2O2 concentrations, seeds were laid in Petri dishes with 50 mmol L−1 NaCl for seven days and the germination parameters and physiological indicators were measured to screen the optimal H2O2 pretreatment concentration and the salt tolerance index. Our results indicated that pretreatment with 5–10 mmol L−1 H2O2 was most effective in alleviating NaCl’s impacts on the seeds’ germination parameters. Furthermore, the growth and material accumulation of seedlings was promoted; catalase, superoxide dismutase activity, and proline content were enhanced; and malondialdehyde content was reduced. Principal component analysis and stepwise regression revealed six key indicators that had a significant impact on the salt tolerance characteristics of F. tataricum, namely, germination potential, shoot fresh weight, root surface area, root average diameter, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity.
48
Redfield, Edmund B., and Janusz J. Zwiazek. "Drought tolerance characteristics of black spruce (Picea mariana) seedlings in relation to sodium sulfate and sodium chloride injury." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-061.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the feasibility of using water relations to screen black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) planting stock for salt tolerance, prior to planting in saline oil sands tailings. To do so, water relations parameters were derived from pressurevolume curves for individual seedlings prior to salt stress treatments. Pressurevolume curves were constructed for branches removed from the seedlings and the seedlings were subsequently treated with 60 mM NaCl, 120 mM NaCl, or 90 mM Na2SO4 in solution culture. After 2 weeks of treatment, seedlings treated with NaCl solutions had greater needle electrolyte leakage and visible needle injury compared with equimolar and iso-osmotic solutions of Na2SO4, suggesting that chloride played a role in needle injury. At turgor loss point, a more negative osmotic potential was significantly correlated with lower electrolyte leakage in seedlings treated with Na2SO4 but not in those treated with NaCl. The results suggest that, in contrast with NaCl, Na2SO4 injury to black spruce seedlings may be largely due to osmotic stress and that drought tolerance parameters may be more helpful in predicting salt tolerance in plants treated with Na2SO4 than in those treated with NaCl.Key words: osmotic stress, salt stress, drought tolerance, water relations, ion toxicity, black spruce.
49
Fu, Yi, and Qi Fang Gu. "Exploring Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase's Thermostability through Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.434.
Full textAbstract:
Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.19, CGTase) is an important industrial enzyme in the production of cyclodextrins. However, the working conditions are extreme, which often restrict the usage of CGTase. Thermal stability is of great importance for this enzyme. Besides to screen microorganism for CGTase that fit the requirement of biotechnology, it is also hoped that protein engineering can tailor CGTase to meet demands of industry. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study thermal stabilization of CGTase C-terminal structured region. Dynamic motions of salt bridges in thermal unstable regions were monitored during the simulations. In the C-terminal region, salt bridge Arg591-Asp640 and Lys652-Glu664 were proposed to be more important for stability than the others. Sheet1 and Sheet3 through the Arg591-Asp640 salt-bridge formation renders the C-terminal stable. The salt bridge Lys652-Glu664 linking sheet4 and sheet5 terminal also contributes to the structural stability of C-terminal. This study is attempt to observe the dynamic behavior of CGTase C-terminal at high temperatures and to understand the factors conferring thermostability of this protein. The results provide specific knowledge about thermal stability in CGTase C-terminal and may help to design biotechnologically improved thermostable proteins.
50
Fuller, Ranon G., Rankin Shum, Simon Calabuig, and Devin Rappleye. "The Construction and Validation of Rotating Electrodes in Molten Salts for the Measurement of Hydrodynamic Properties and Corrosion." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 55 (October 9, 2022): 2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02552059mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
Among electrochemical techniques, rotating electrodes are particularly useful for molten salt research due to their ability to precisely control the rate of mass transfer via the rotational rate of the electrode. Rotating electrodes create well-developed flow patterns with established mathematical relations for certain geometries. From these relations, it is possible to measure viscosities, diffusion coefficients, and other properties of molten salts relevant to nuclear material processing and molten salt reactors (MSR). Rotating electrodes have the potential to simulate the hydrodynamic conditions in a molten salt reactor and provide in situ feedback during corrosion testing. Additionally, rotating electrodes require significantly less material for corrosion testing than flow loops, offering a low-cost means to screen material and salt compositions for more expensive and larger flow loop experiments. Although rotating electrodes have been used extensively in aqueous solutions, there have been very few attempts to apply them to molten salts. The high efficiency electrochemical test (HEET) facility at Brigham Young University (BYU) has been designed and constructed specifically for rotating electrode tests in molten salts. The constructed cells will be presented along with initial test data to benchmark and validate the hydrodynamic relations in molten salts by comparing them to aqueous hydrodynamic relations for similar rotating electrode geometries.