Journal articles: 'Salt recovery'

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Tian, Yu, Yang Li, Hongxiang Zhang, Kushan U. Tennakoon, and Zewei Sun. "Germination Strategy of Chenopodium acuminatum Willd. under Fluctuating Salinity Habitats." Agronomy 13, no. 11 (November 5, 2023): 2769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13112769.

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Germination events of plants often occur after rainfall in saline environments where the soil salinity is diluted, viz recovery germination. Previous germination studies have rarely considered the duration of exposure to salt stress, and none of them have investigated recovery germination under low-salt concentration, other than in distilled water. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salinity, exposure duration and low-salt recovery solutions on seed germination of the weed Chenopodium acuminatum to get a clear insight about the germination strategy exhibited by this species in a saline habitat. Seeds were initially exposed to 0–400 mM NaCl for 10, 20 and 30 d. The subsequent recovery experiment was conducted differently. For those initially treated with 100 and 200 mM NaCl, the recovery solution was distilled water, while for those initially treated with 300 and 400 mM NaCl, the recovery solution was distilled water, at 50 and 100 mM NaCl. Results showed that the recovery germination percentage and rate significantly decreased when the exposure duration extended. Seeds could subsequently recover to germinate at high percentages at recovery salt solution concentrations for a short duration, but the recovery percentages and rates in high salinity, combined with high exposure duration and relatively high recovery salt concentrations, were remarkably lower. More than 30% of the ungerminated seeds were viable after the recovery experiment. We suggest that Ch. acuminatum exhibits a ‘cautious’ strategy of germination to avoid injury from long-term salt stress and ensure survival for the subsequent continuation of its population under unfavorable saline conditions.

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Ly, Lyvonne, Ian Fergus, and Steve Page. "CSG water: desalination and the challenge for the CSG industry—developing a holistic CSG brine management solution." APPEA Journal 53, no. 1 (2013): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12016.

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The management of brine, generated from the desalination of CSG produced water, is a key challenge for the CSG industry. In many cases, the cost and technical challenges relating to the management of brine has a greater impact on the economic and technical feasibility of desalinating CSG produced water than the desalination plant itself. The challenge is to determine the best solution for brine management, given the high salinity of the brine and limited options available for acceptable disposal. This has driven the need for more sustainable options, including using salt recovery processes to recover the salts for beneficial use. Where suitable strata can be identified, brine injection may be considered as a low life-cycle cost solution for brine disposal. CSG brine is particularly high in alkalinity, and as such, brine management options, including acid mine waste neutralisation and recovery of salts (sodium chloride [NaCl] and sodium carbonate [Na2CO3]) are possible. The latter uses selective salt crystallisation, which is generally higher in capital and operating costs, but is offset by the revenue gained from the sale of salt(s). Other brine management options include solar evaporation ponds or zero liquid discharge technology to produce a mixed salt residue that can be disposed through onsite encapsulation or landfill. The feasibility and life-cycle cost of any brine management option depends primarily on the location of CSG sites and the availability of brine management disposal/sale opportunities in reasonable proximity—this is one of the greatest challenges for managing brackish CSG produced water sources, particularly as the CSG sites are in remote inland locations. Further challenges associated with the management of salts recovered include establishing a viable commercial route for the market sale of the salts. This peer-reviewed paper explores technical considerations, challenges and the life-cycle cost of the brine management options. The emerging trends for desalination and brine management in the CSG Industry will also be featured in this paper.

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Zhao, Xi, Shiyi Zhang, Haoran Ma, Huaqing Xie, and Rui Guo. "Feasibility Study on A Novel Waste Heat Recovery Process of Industrial Waste Salt Based on High Temperature Melting Dry Method." E3S Web of Conferences 385 (2023): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338503007.

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Industrial waste salt is mainly produced by industrial production processes of pesticides, drug synthesis, printing and dyeing, as well as solid-liquid separations, concentration and crystallization of solution, and sewage treatment, etc. At the present stage, the annual output of waste salt in China has exceeded 2.0×107 tons and the high-temperature melting method is considered to be a promising treatment method, but there are problems such as molten salt adhesion and agglomeration, unused high-temperature sensible heat, and waste of water resources. A novel process for waste heat recovery by high temperature melting dry method is proposed in this paper, using a combination of centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery to dispose high-temperature molten salt and effectively recover heat. Through thermal equilibrium analysis and calculation, the waste heat recovering efficiency of the waste heat recovery using the novel process can reach up to 98%. Taking the annual treatment of 100,000 tons of waste salt as an example, the benefits of effective heat recovery converted to standard coal could be approximately 5 billion. While efficiently utilizing waste heat resources, the novel process brings considerable economic benefits to enterprises, has good industrial application prospects, and helps to advance the process of national hazardous waste solid waste treatment.

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Kılıc, Ö., and A. M. Kılıc. "Recovery of salt co-products during the salt production from brine." Desalination 186, no. 1-3 (December 2005): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.05.014.

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Yang, Rui, Zhifen Yang, Ze Peng, Fang He, Luxi Shi, Yabing Dong, Mingjian Ren, Qingqin Zhang, Guangdong Geng, and Suqin Zhang. "Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of Tritipyrum provides insights into the molecular basis of salt tolerance." PeerJ 9 (December 23, 2021): e12683. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12683.

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Background Soil salinity is a major environmental stress that restricts crop growth and yield. Methods Here, crucial proteins and biological pathways were investigated under salt-stress and recovery conditions in Tritipyrum ‘Y1805’ using the data-independent acquisition proteomics techniques to explore its salt-tolerance mechanism. Results In total, 44 and 102 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in ‘Y1805’ under salt-stress and recovery conditions, respectively. A proteome-transcriptome-associated analysis revealed that the expression patterns of 13 and 25 DEPs were the same under salt-stress and recovery conditions, respectively. ‘Response to stimulus’, ‘antioxidant activity’, ‘carbohydrate metabolism’, ‘amino acid metabolism’, ‘signal transduction’, ‘transport and catabolism’ and ‘biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites’ were present under both conditions in ‘Y1805’. In addition, ‘energy metabolism’ and ‘lipid metabolism’ were recovery-specific pathways, while ‘antioxidant activity’, and ‘molecular function regulator’ under salt-stress conditions, and ‘virion’ and ‘virion part’ during recovery, were ‘Y1805’-specific compared with the salt-sensitive wheat ‘Chinese Spring’. ‘Y1805’ contained eight specific DEPs related to salt-stress responses. The strong salt tolerance of ‘Y1805’ could be attributed to the strengthened cell walls, reactive oxygen species scavenging, osmoregulation, phytohormone regulation, transient growth arrest, enhanced respiration, transcriptional regulation and error information processing. These data will facilitate an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance and aid in the breeding of salt-tolerant wheat.

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Gul, Bilquees, and Darrell J. Weber. "Effect of salinity, light, and temperature on germination in Allenrolfea occidentalis." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 2 (July 27, 1999): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-204.

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Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Wats.) Kuntze, a halophytic perennial shrub in the family Chenopodiaceae, is widely distributed in inland salt marshes and salt playas of western North America. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of NaCl, light, and temperature on seed germination and their recovery of germination from saline conditions after being transferred to distilled water. Seeds of A. occidentalis were germinated at various temperatures (5:15, 10:20, 10:30, 15:25, 20:30, and 25:35°C (night:day)) and salinities (0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mM NaCl) in a 12 h light : 12 h dark photoperiod and in 24 h darkness. Increases in NaCl concentration progressively inhibited seed germination, and this inhibition was greater in the dark than in light. No seeds germinated at concentrations higher than 800 mM NaCl. Cooler temperatures significantly inhibited germination in all treatments, while regimes of high night (25°C) and high day (35°C) temperatures showed higher germination. Rate of germination decreased with an increase in salinity. Germination rate was higher at 25:35°C and lower at 5:15°C. Seeds were transferred from salt solutions to distilled water after 20 days, and those from high salinities recovered quickly at all temperature regimes. Recovery germination percentages at higher salinities varied from 51 to 100% at various temperatures, but recovery of germination of seeds from salt stress was significantly affected by temperature regime.Key words: Allenrolfea occidentalis, halophyte, light, recovery of seed germination, salt playas, thermoperiod, Utah.

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Johnson, Jessica. "Molten Salt Membrane Process for Chlorine Recovery." ECS Proceedings Volumes 1999-41, no. 1 (January 1999): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/199941.0675pv.

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Oishi, Jun, Hirotake Moriyama, Seiichiro Maeda, and Yoshiyuki Asaoka. "Tritium recovery from molten LiF-BeF2 salt." Fusion Engineering and Design 8 (January 1989): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(89)80124-3.

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Capuzzi, Stefano, Giulio Timelli, Leonardo Capra, and Luca Romano. "Influence of Salt Quantity on Recovery Yield of Heterogeneous Aluminium Scrap." Advanced Materials Research 1139 (July 2016): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1139.16.

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The influence of the salt quantity on the recovery yield of aluminium scrap was studied considering an heterogeneous charge. The analysed heterogeneous charge was composed by different types of scrap such as turning, shredded materials and dross. The amount of salt was related to the scrap quality using the salt factor, which is defined as the ratio between the non-aluminium content in the scrap and the quantity of salt required. Two levels of salt factor were considered, 1.2 and 1.8. The analysis of variance was then implemented to verify the influence of the salt quantity on the recovery yield. The results were statistically confirmed using the Anderson-Darling test, the Dixon’s outliers test and the coefficient of variance. An increment of the recovery yield from 95% to 97% was revealed by increasing the salt factor from 1.2 to 1.8.

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Teixeira, Artur B., Weslei M. Ambrós, Carlos H. Sampaio, Fortunato L. Q. Raposo, Irineu A. S. De Brum, and Josep O. Moncunill. "Optimization of Water Leaching of Chlorides from Aluminum Salt Slag." Minerals 12, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12091141.

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Aluminum recycling generates large amounts of hazardous wastes, known as salt slags, consisting mainly of oxides, metallic aluminum, and salt fluxes. Water leaching is a common technique used for salt removal, being a decisive operation due to water usage and the need to achieve sufficient salt recovery. In this study, water leaching tests under varied operational conditions (water type, slag particle size, solid content, and leaching time) were carried out in salt slag samples obtained from a Brazilian aluminum scrap melting company. Leaching efficiency was assessed by the % chlorine leached. The optimal leaching condition, defined as the one that resulted in the highest chloride removal from the slag together with appropriate operational conditions (larger viable slag size, lower leaching time, etc.), was identified for a slag size below 2.8 mm, 30 wt% of solids in pulp, and a leaching time of 90 min. The results showed that it was possible to recover more than 92% of the salts initially contained in the raw slag, resulting in a leached material with less than 2.5% salts. The recovered salt characteristics showed potential for recycling and could be re-mixed to the salt flux used for aluminum melting. The possibility of achieving higher efficiencies and lower water consumption during leaching was also discussed, as was a preliminary flowsheet for salt slag treatment.

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Rajamani, S. "Sustainable cleaner production technologies and treatment of segregated effluent streams with recovery of quality salt, chromium & water." Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology 8, no. 2 (March 11, 2022): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jteft.2022.08.00297.

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Conventional process and treatment system adopted by Indian and Global Tanneries consist of Segregation of Spent Chrome Stream and discharge of supernatant for combined treatment along with effluent from all sectional operations starting from soaking to finishing, Conventional physiochemical and biological treatment for reduction of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), etc., Ultra-filtration and Reverse Osmosis (RO) system for recovery of water and Multiple Effect Evaporator (MEE) for the evaporation of RO reject stream and generation of mixed salt in case of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system and Storage of mixed salt recovered from the MEE system for which no viable disposal system is found. Establishment of treatment system for the mixed stream results in poor performance of biological treatment units, increases the Operation & Maintenance (O&M) cost and accumulation of recovered mixed salt in case of ZLD system. It is estimated that, more than 8-10 tones of mixed salt is generated during the treatment of 1.0 MLD effluent under ZLD system. To address this serious environmental problem, an innovative approach of segregation of saline streams such as soak liquor and chrome liquor are planned to be collected separately with the feasibility of recovering reusable quality salt and chromium in the form cake for regeneration and use in the form of Basic Chromium Sulphate (BCS) by the tanneries. This innovative treatment concept has been developed and is being implemented in many Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) in India. This will become the first of its kind in Global Leather World. This developmental scheme is in accordance with the guidelines and recommendations of UNIDO in terms of sustainability of ZLD system for leather sector. The technological developments on cleaner productions, centralized chrome recovery reuse system, segregation of saline soak water for separate treatment with recovery of water and quality salt are dealt in this technical paper.

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JUNEJA, VIJAY K., and BRIAN S. EBLEN. "Influence of Sodium Chloride on Thermal Inactivation and Recovery of Nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum Type B Strain KAP B5 Spores†." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.7.813.

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Demand for minimally processed refrigerated foods with reduced salt levels has stimulated renewed interest in the potential for survival and growth of psychrotrophic, nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B spores. As part of a project to better define food-processing requirements, the heat resistance (75 to 90°C) of nonproteolytic C. botulinum type B spores was assessed in turkey containing 1 to 3% (wt/vol) salt (sodium chloride). Heated spores were recovered both on reinforced clostridial medium (RCM) with lysozyme and on RCM having the same salt levels as the heating menstruum. When the recovery medium contained no salt, D-values in turkey slurry containing 1% salt were 42.1, 17.1, 7.8, and 1.1 min at 75, 80, 85, and 90°C, respectively. Increasing levels (2 and 3%, wt/vol) of salt in the turkey slurry reduced the heat resistance as evidenced by reduced spore D-values. Also, apparent or measured heat resistance was decreased with increasing salt concentration in the heating menstruum and the recovery medium. The z-values in turkey slurry for all treatments were similar, ranging from 8.47 10 10.08°C.These data will assist food processors to design thermal processes that ensure safety against nonproteolytic C. botulinum type B spores in cook/chill foods while minimizing quality losses.

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Novichkov, Sergei, Irina Rostuntsova, and Evgeni Grigoriev. "Operation of a water treatment unit of a heat recovery system of a compressed air gas turbine power plant." Energy Safety and Energy Economy 1 (February 2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18635/2071-2219-2022-1-43-48.

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A heat recovery system for a compressed air gas turbine power plant consists of a gas turbine unit and heat recovery boiler that requires water treatment to compensate the loss of condensate. Salt tablets are normally used for ion exchange resin regeneration on a water treatment stage. The key idea of this research is to use salt processing ponds where available to build compressed air gas turbine power plants using salt caverns. This eliminates the salt tablet cost during operation. This paper presents a comparative analysis of economic efficiency for two options such as continue applying salt tablets or start using salt brine from salt mining ponds.

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Liu, Hongqing, Liming Hou, Zhen Luo, Yi Zhou, Xiaorong Jing, and Trieu-Kien Truong. "Image Recovery with Data Missing in the Presence of Salt-and-Pepper Noise." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (April 4, 2019): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071426.

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In this paper, an image recovery problem under the case of salt-and-pepper noise and data missing that degrade image quality is addressed if they are not effectively handled, where the salt-and-pepper noise as the impulsive noise is remodeled as a sparse signal due to its impulsiveness and the data missing pattern, denoted by a sparse vector, contains only zeros and ones to formulate the data missing. In particular, the salt-and-pepper noise and data missing are reformatted by their sparsity, respectively. The wavelet and framelet domains are explored to sparsely represent the image in order to accurately reconstruct the clean image. From the reformulations conducted and to recover the image, under one optimization framework, a joint estimation is developed to perform the image recovery, the salt-and-pepper noise suppression, and the missing patter estimation. To solve the optimization problem, two efficient solvers are developed to obtain the joint estimation solution, and they are based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and accelerated proximal gradient (APG). Finally, numerical studies verify that the joint estimation algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches in terms of both objective and subjective evaluation standards.

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Baumann, Matthew S., Gail F. Fricano, Katie Fedeli, Claire E. Schlemme, Mary C. Christman, and Melissa Vernon Carle. "Recovery of Salt Marsh Invertebrates Following Habitat Restoration: Implications for Marsh Restoration in the Northern Gulf of Mexico." Estuaries and Coasts 43, no. 7 (October 11, 2018): 1711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-018-0469-5.

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Abstract Recovery following salt marsh restoration in the northern Gulf of Mexico is investigated using meta-analysis for two salt marsh indicator invertebrates, the periwinkle snail (Littoraria irrorata) and amphipod crustaceans (Amphipoda). These invertebrates serve key marsh ecosystem functions including facilitating nutrient cycling and serving as prey for larger ecologically and economically important species. Recovery of periwinkles in restored marshes compared to reference sites is quantified by progression in population density and, because the species is long-lived (~ 10 years), in terms of biomass added per unit area each year following restoration. Amphipods are shorter-lived with high annual turnover; thus, recovery through time is estimated by the density of individuals rather than by biomass. The results of the analyses indicate progressive periwinkle recovery to equivalence with reference systems by year 4 in terms of density and year 6 with respect to annual biomass addition, while amphipod densities do not fully recover in the first 20 years following restoration. Although periwinkle recovery in terms of annual biomass addition reaches equivalence by year 6, the development of an age class structure characteristic of reference marshes would likely take longer because of the relatively long lifespan for this species. In addition to providing insight into the benefits of salt marsh restoration in the northern Gulf of Mexico, the approach described can be applied more generally to restoration scaling in a natural resource damage assessment context.

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Al-Madhagi, Haitham, and Valantina Yazbik. "Isolation of Peroxidase from Watermelon Rinds Using Three Phase Partitioning." Journal of Chemistry and Nutritional Biochemistry 4, no. 1 (July 12, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/jcnb.v4i1.690.

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Background and Objective: Peroxidase is an oxidoreductase that uses different compounds as substrate and thus can be utilized for different applications. The goal of this work is to isolate peroxidase from watermelon rinds using three phase portioning (TPP). Methods: TPP was set by adding varying amounts of salts and alcohol and the enzyme activity recovery was measured for each variable. Different parameters were optimized successively in order to achieve the highest enzyme activity recovery including salt type, salt concentration, pH, alcohol/crude extract ratio and type of alcohol and then, combining all optimized conditions together. Results: Salt that gave maximal recovery was sodium potassium tartarate, optimal salt concentration was 17%, optimal pH was 8, optimal alcohol/crude extract ratio was 2 and 1-butanol was preferred to t-butanol. Efficiently, upon combining all optimized factors, activity recovery of 116% was obtained.

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Zhang, Nan, Dao Lin Gao, Ming Ming Liu, and Tian Long Deng. "Rubidium and Cesium Recovery from Brine Resources." Advanced Materials Research 1015 (August 2014): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1015.417.

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In this paper, the methods for rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) recovery from brines including salt lake brine, geothermal water and concentrated seawater were summarized, and the main problems existed were also pointed out. More details for Rb and Cs recovery from salt lake brines through fractional precipitation, ion exchange and solvent extraction were discussed, and the new trend for Rb and Cs recovery in the future were also carried out.

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YANG, Hee-Chul, Hee-Chul EUN, Han-Soo LEE, and Yung-Jun CHO. "Closed Chamber Salt Distillation System for an Enhanced Recovery of Evaporated Pure Salt." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 47, no. 11 (November 2010): 973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.2010.9711661.

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Hassan, Amjed, Mohamed Mahmoud, and Shirish Patil. "Impact of Chelating Agent Salt Type on the Enhanced Oil Recovery from Carbonate and Sandstone Reservoirs." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 7109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11157109.

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In this paper, chelating agents were introduced as standalone fluids for enhancing the oil recovery from carbonate and sandstone reservoirs. Chelating agents such as glutamic acid di-acetic acid (GLDA), ethylene-diamine-tetra acetic acid (EDTA), and hydroxyl-ethylethylene-diamine-tri-acetic acid (HEDTA) were used. Chelating agents can be found in different forms such as sodium, potassium, or calcium salts. There is a significant gap in the literature about the influence of salt type on the hydrocarbon recovery from carbonate and sandstone reservoirs. In this study, the impact of the salt type of GLDA chelating agent on the oil recovery was investigated. Potassium-, sodium-, and calcium-based high-pH GLDA solutions were used. Coreflooding experiments were conducted at high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) conditions using carbonate and sandstone cores. The used samples had porosity values of 15%–18%, and permeability values were between 10 and 75 mD. Seawater was injected as a secondary recovery process. Thereafter, a GLDA solution was injected in tertiary mode, until no more oil was recovered. In addition to the recovery experiments, the collected effluent was analyzed for cations concentrations such as calcium, magnesium, and iron. Moreover, dynamic adsorption, interfacial tension, and contact angle measurements were conducted for the different forms of GLDA chelating agent solutions. The results of this study showed that incremental oil recovery between 19% and 32% of the Original Oil in Place (OOIP) can be achieved, based on the salt type and the rock lithology. Flooding carbonate rocks with the calcium-based GLDA chelating agent yielded the highest oil recovery (32% of OOIP), followed by that with potassium-based GLDA chelating agent, and the sodium-based GLDA chelating agent yielded the lowest oil recovery. The reason behind that was the adsorption of the calcium-based GLDA on the rock surface was the highest without reducing the rock permeability, which was indicated by the contact angle, dynamic adsorption, and flooding experiments. The outcome of this study will help in maximizing the oil recovery from carbonate and sandstone reservoirs by suggesting the most suitable salt type of chelating agents.

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Gharagozlou, Mahshid, Hossein Sid Kalal, Alireza Khanchi, Sohrab Ali Ghorbanian, Seyed Ebrahim Mosavi, Mohammad Reza Almasian, Danial Niknafs, Akram Pourmatin, and Neda Akbari. "Recovery of Vanadium by ammonium chloride precipitation method using response surface methodology." Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal 4, no. 04 (December 29, 2021): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v4.i04.153.

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In this study, an attempt was made to recover vanadium from an alkaline solution using the precipitation process. A white salt ammonium metavanadate was obtained using the ammonium chloride precipitation method. Ammonium chloride was added directly to the alkaline liquor solution and the pH was adjusted approximately between 5 and 7 to form the white salt. The parameters affecting the recovery of vanadium, including the ammonium chloride concentration, the pH and the vanadium concentration in the caustic solution, were examined. The precipitation time had no significant influence on the vanadium recovery. The concentration of vanadium in the caustic solution and the concentration of ammonium chloride used for the precipitation were inversely related. It was found that a high recovery (over 90%) can be achieved with ammonium chloride and vanadium with concentrations over 4% (w / v) or 1000 mg L-1 (in the lye solution). It has also been observed that working in the pH range of 5 to 7 results in over 90% recovery. The influence of the parameters mentioned on the recovery of impurities was examined and the optimal values determined. Ultimately, the maximum vanadium recovery (97.29%) was achieved at the optimal point obtained from the reaction surface methodology.

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Nounjan, N., and P. Theerakulpisut. " Effects of exogenous proline and trehalose on physiological responses in rice seedlings during salt-stress and after recovery." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 7 (July 23, 2012): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/762/2011-pse.

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Two osmoprotectants (proline – Pro; trehalose – Tre) were exogenously supplied to seedlings of rice cvs. Pokkali (PK – salt-tolerant) and Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105 – salt-sensitive) to investigate their effects on plants exposed to 200 mmol/L NaCl for 6 days and 5 days after recovery from stress. The reduction of growth, increase in Na+ to K+ ratio, high level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase – SOD, peroxidase – POX, catalase – CAT and ascorbate peroxidase – APX) were observed in both rice cultivars under NaCl treatments. Exogenous Pro and Tre supplement to NaCl-stressed plants did not mitigate the reduction of growth during salt-stress. Nevertheless, during recovery plants previously supplied with Tre showed markedly higher percentage of growth recovery than those treated with NaCl alone or supplied with Pro. The beneficial effect of Tre on growth recovery was clearly demonstrated in KDML105 in which growth enhancement was related to reduction in Na+ to K+ ratio. Exogenous Pro was able to reduce H2O2 in both cultivars during salt stress whereas Tre could reduce it only in KDML105. Exogenous Tre did not enhance any antioxidant enzymes during stress but enhanced APX activity in KDML105 during recovery. Exogenous Pro enhanced the activity of APX in PK, and POX, CAT and APX in KDML105 during both stress and recovery period.

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Ebara, Ryuichiro, Hiroshi Nakajima, Daisaku Shouzen, and Tamotsu Yamada. "Molten Salt Corrosion of Heat Recovery Plant Materials." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 52, no. 5 (1988): 508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.52.5_508.

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Chitrakar, Ramesh, Yoji Makita, Kenta Ooi, and Akinari Sonoda. "Lithium recovery from salt lake brine by H2TiO3." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 23 (2014): 8933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt00467a.

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The high lithium uptake of H₂TiO₃ from brine is due to its lithium ion-sieve property. Exchange sites are too narrow for Na, K, Mg and Ca to enter the interlayer space due to steric effects.

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Chan, K. S., S. R. Bodner, and D. E. Munson. "Recovery and Healing of Damage in WIPP Salt." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 7, no. 2 (April 1998): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105678959800700204.

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Bruckard, W. J., and J. T. Woodcock. "Recovery of valuable materials from aluminium salt cakes." International Journal of Mineral Processing 93, no. 1 (September 2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2009.05.002.

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Xu, Ping, Jun Hong, Xiaoming Qian, Zhiwei Xu, Hong Xia, Xuchen Tao, Zhenzhen Xu, and Qing-Qing Ni. "Materials for lithium recovery from salt lake brine." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 1 (August 19, 2020): 16–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05019-1.

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Salmón, I. Ruiz, K. Simon, C. Clérin, and P. Luis. "Salt Recovery from Wastewater Using Membrane Distillation–Crystallization." Crystal Growth & Design 18, no. 12 (October 29, 2018): 7275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00580.

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Khan, M. Ajmal, Bilquees Gul, and Darrell J. Weber. "Seed germination in the Great Basin halophyte Salsola iberica." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 650–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-046.

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Salsola iberica Sennen & Pau, a halophytic forb in the family Chenopodiaceae, is widely distributed in inland salt deserts of Utah and widespread in North America. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of NaCl and temperature on seed germination and their recovery of germination from saline conditions after being transferred to distilled water. Seeds of S. iberica were germinated at various temperatures and at various salinities in a 12 h light : 12 h dark photoperiod to determine their germinability under these conditions. Increases in NaCl concentration progressively inhibited seed germination. Few seeds germinated at 1000 mM NaCl. Cooler temperatures significantly inhibited germination, while high night (25°C) and high day (35°C) temperature regimes showed higher germination. Rate of germination decreased with an increase in salinity. Germination rate was higher at 2535°C and lower at 515°C temperatures. Seeds were transferred from salt solutions to distilled water after 20 days, and those from low salinities recovered quickly at cooler temperature regimes. Recovery germination percentages substantially decreased with an increase in salinity and temperature.Key words: halophyte, recovery of seed germination, Salsola iberica, salt desert, thermoperiod, Utah.

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Haitham Ahmed, Al-Madhagi, Yazbik Valantina, and Abdelwahed Wassim. "Three-phase partitioning for isolating peroxidase from lemon peels." Annals of Proteomics and Bioinformatics 7, no. 1 (March 21, 2023): 001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.apb.1001018.

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Background and objective: Peroxidase is an oxidoreductase that uses different compounds as substrates and thus can be utilized for different applications. The goal of this work is to isolate peroxidase from lemon peels using Three-Phase Portioning (TPP). Methods: TPP was set by adding varying amounts of salts and alcohol and the enzyme activity recovery was measured for each variable. Different parameters were optimized successively in order to achieve the highest enzyme activity recovery including salt type, salt concentration, pH, alcohol/crude extract ratio and type of alcohol and then, combining all optimized conditions together. Results: Salt that gave maximal recovery was sodium potassium tartrate, optimal salt concentration was 15%, optimal pH was 8, optimal alcohol/crude extract ratio was 1 and t-butanol was preferred to 1-butanol. Efficiently, upon combining all optimized factors, an activity recovery of 175% was obtained. Conclusion: This protocol provides an easy, feasible method to efficiently isolate peroxidase from lemon peels using TPP.

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Denney, Dennis. "Improved-Recovery Processes and Effective Reservoir Management Maximize Oil Recovery at Salt Creek." Journal of Petroleum Technology 55, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1203-0042-jpt.

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Baghalabadi, Venus, Habib Razmi, and Alan Doucette. "Salt-Mediated Organic Solvent Precipitation for Enhanced Recovery of Peptides Generated by Pepsin Digestion." Proteomes 9, no. 4 (November 3, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes9040044.

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Conventional solvent-based precipitation makes it challenging to obtain a high recovery of low mass peptides. However, we previously demonstrated that the inclusion of salt ions, specifically ZnSO4, together with high concentrations of acetone, maximizes the recovery of peptides generated from trypsin digestion. We herein generalized this protocol to the rapid (5 min) precipitation of pepsin-digested peptides recovered from acidic matrices. The precipitation protocol extended to other organic solvents (acetonitrile), with high recovery from dilute peptide samples permitting preconcentration and purification. Mass spectrometry profiling of pepsin-generated peptides demonstrated that the protocol captured peptides as small as 800 u, although with a preferential bias towards recovering larger and more hydrophobic peptides. The precipitation protocol was applied to rapidly quench, concentrate, and purify pepsin-digested samples ahead of MS. Complex mixtures of yeast and plasma proteome extracts were successfully precipitated following digestion, with over 95% of MS-identified peptides observed in the pellet fraction. The full precipitation workflow—including the digestion step—can be completed in under 10 min, with direct MS analysis of the recovered peptide pellets showing exceptional protein sequence coverage.

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Hublik, Gerd, Riyaz Kharrat, Ali Mirzaalian Dastjerdi, and Holger Ott. "Investigating the Potential of a Transparent Xanthan Polymer for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Comprehensive Study on Properties and Application Efficacy." Energies 17, no. 5 (March 6, 2024): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17051266.

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This study delves into the properties and behavior of xanthan TNCS-ST, a specialized variant designed for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) purposes. A notable aspect of this polymer is its transparency and capability to dissolve in high salt concentrations, notably up to 18% total dissolved solids. Various laboratory methods are employed to assess the polymer’s distinctive traits, including transparency, salt tolerance, and high pyruvylation. These methods encompass preparing xanthan solutions, conducting filtration tests, assessing energy consumption, and measuring rheological properties. The findings highlight the influence of salt concentration on xanthan’s filterability, indicating increased energy requirements for dissolution with higher salt and xanthan concentrations. Additionally, this study observes temperature-dependent viscosity behavior in different solutions and evaluates the shear stability of xanthan. A significant and novel characteristic of TNCS-ST is its high salt tolerance, enabling complete dissolution at elevated salt concentrations, thus facilitating the filterability of the xanthan solution with sufficient time and energy input. Core flooding experiments investigate fluid dynamics within porous rock formations, particularly sandstone and carbonate rocks, while varying salinity. The results underscore the substantial potential of the new xanthan polymer, demonstrating its ability to enhance oil recovery in sandstone and carbonate rock formations significantly. Remarkably, the study achieves a noteworthy 67% incremental recovery in carbonate rock under the high salinity level tested, suggesting promising prospects for advancing enhanced oil recovery applications.

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Li, Zhengkun, Ruozheng Li, Xiaoyu Liu, Chong Zhao, and Ying Tian. "Application and Product Standard of Purified Crystalline Salt from Desulfurization Wastewater of Thermal Power Plant." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 06019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913606019.

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：The shortage of water resources and the increasingly strict requirements of environmental protection make the zero discharge of waste water from thermal power plants imperative. The treatment of high salt desulfurization wastewater is the bottleneck of the application and promotion of "zero discharge" technology. The waste water zero discharge and resource recovery technologies such as salt separation and purification can be used to make sodium chloride crystal salt meeting the standards of "industrial salt" (GB/T 5462-2015) and sodium sulfate crystal salt meeting the standards of "industrial anhydrous sodium sulfate" (GB/T 6009-2014). However, due to the lack of related standards of certification index and certification method of crystal salt products, it is restricted to realize resource recovery as commodities. In this paper, the application field and product standard of purified crystalline salt from desulfurization wastewater are analyzed.

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Chow, Yin Hui, Chin Tee Poh, Phei Er Kee, Hui Suan Ng, John (Chi-Wei) Lan, and Li Wan Yoon. "Application of Alcohol-Salt Aqueous Biphasic System for the Recovery of Ectoine." Processes 11, no. 9 (August 26, 2023): 2560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11092560.

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Ectoine is an osmoregulatory compound synthesized by halophiles which has attracted attention in the biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics industries due to its stabilizing and protective properties. Conventional methods for ectoine recovery are complex, costly, and often result in low yields. Therefore, there is a growing interest in exploring simple and cost-effective strategies for ectoine recovery. The aqueous biphasic system (ABS) has been employed for the recovery and purification of numerous biocompounds, but the study of low-molecular weight compounds partitioning in ABS remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of alcohol–salt ABS for ectoine recovery from Halomonas salina DSM5928T cells. The influences of types and compositions of phase-forming components, crude load concentration, pH, and adjuvants on ectoine recovery were evaluated. Results revealed that ectoine favoured partitioning into the salt-rich bottom phase of alcohol–salt ABS owing to its inherent hydrophilic characteristic. ABS consisting of 16% (w/w) 1-propanol, 20% (w/w) sulphate at pH 6.0, 30% (w/w) crude load, and 1% (w/w) sodium chloride resulted in a partition coefficient (KE) of 9.61 ± 0.05 and a yield (YB) of 97.50% ± 0.21. A purity (PE) of 86.73% was achieved with the 1-propanol-sulphate ABS. Alcohol–salt ABS proved to be an effective approach for ectoine recovery, meeting the raising market demand for industrial applications.

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Meissner, Anja, Alba M. Garcia-Serrano, Lotte Vanherle, Zeinab Rafiee, Nicholas Don-Doncow, Cecilia Skoug, Sara Larsson, Michael Gottschalk, Martin Magnusson, and João M. N. Duarte. "Alterations to Cerebral Perfusion, Metabolite Profiles, and Neuronal Morphology in the Hippocampus and Cortex of Male and Female Mice during Chronic Exposure to a High-Salt Diet." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010300.

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Excess dietary salt reduces resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and vascular reactivity, which can limit the fueling of neuronal metabolism. It is hitherto unknown whether metabolic derangements induced by high-salt-diet (HSD) exposure during adulthood are reversed by reducing salt intake. In this study, male and female mice were fed an HSD from 9 to 16 months of age, followed by a normal-salt diet (ND) thereafter until 23 months of age. Controls were continuously fed either ND or HSD. CBF and metabolite profiles were determined longitudinally by arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. HSD reduced cortical and hippocampal CBF, which recovered after dietary salt normalization, and affected hippocampal but not cortical metabolite profiles. Compared to ND, HSD increased hippocampal glutamine and phosphocreatine levels and decreased creatine and choline levels. Dietary reversal only allowed recovery of glutamine levels. Histology analyses revealed that HSD reduced the dendritic arborization and spine density of cortical and hippocampal neurons, which were not recovered after dietary salt normalization. We conclude that sustained HSD exposure throughout adulthood causes permanent structural and metabolic alterations to the mouse brain that are not fully normalized by lowering dietary salt during aging.

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Ligero, Eliana L., and Teresa M. K. Ravagnani. "Simulation of Salt Extractive Distillation with Spray Dryer Salt Recovery for Anhydrous Ethanol Production." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 35, no. 6 (2002): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.35.557.

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Hinkle, Raymond L., and William J. Mitsch. "Salt marsh vegetation recovery at salt hay farm wetland restoration sites on Delaware Bay." Ecological Engineering 25, no. 3 (September 2005): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.04.011.

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Nugraha, Roni, Thimo Ruethers, Elecia B. Johnston, Jennifer M. Rolland, Robyn E. O’Hehir, Sandip D. Kamath, and Andreas L. Lopata. "Effects of Extraction Buffer on the Solubility and Immunoreactivity of the Pacific Oyster Allergens." Foods 10, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020409.

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Despite recent technological advances, novel allergenic protein discovery is limited by their low abundance, often due to specific physical characteristics restricting their recovery during the extraction process from various allergen sources. In this study, eight different extraction buffers were compared for their ability to recover proteins from Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). The protein composition was investigated using high resolution mass spectrometry. The antibody IgE-reactivity of each extract was determined using a pool of serum from five shellfish-allergic patients. Most of the investigated buffers showed good capacity to extract proteins from the Pacific oyster. In general, a higher concentration of proteins was recovered using high salt buffers or high pH buffers, subsequently revealing more IgE-reactive bands on immunoblotting. In contrast, low pH buffers resulted in a poor protein recovery and reduced IgE-reactivity. Discovery of additional IgE-reactive proteins in high salt buffers or high pH buffers was associated with an increase in allergen abundance in the extracts. In conclusion, increasing the ionic strength and pH of the buffer improves the solubility of allergenic proteins during the extraction process for oyster tissue. This strategy could also be applied for other difficult-to-extract allergen sources, thereby yielding an improved allergen panel for increased diagnostic efficiency.

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Chandler, Darrell P., Jennie R. Stults, Sharon Cebula, Beatrice L. Schuck, Derek W. Weaver, Kevin K. Anderson, Michael Egholm, and Fred J. Brockman. "Affinity Purification of DNA and RNA from Environmental Samples with Peptide Nucleic Acid Clamps." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 3438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.8.3438-3445.2000.

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ABSTRACT Bispeptide nucleic acids (bis-PNAs; PNA clamps), PNA oligomers, and DNA oligonucleotides were evaluated as affinity purification reagents for subfemtomolar 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and rRNA targets in soil, sediment, and industrial air filter nucleic acid extracts. Under low-salt hybridization conditions (10 mM NaPO4, 5 mM disodium EDTA, and 0.025% sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]) a PNA clamp recovered significantly more target DNA than either PNA or DNA oligomers. The efficacy of PNA clamps and oligomers was generally enhanced in the presence of excess nontarget DNA and in a low-salt extraction-hybridization buffer. Under high-salt conditions (200 mM NaPO4, 100 mM disodium EDTA, and 0.5% SDS), however, capture efficiencies with the DNA oligomer were significantly greater than with the PNA clamp and PNA oligomer. Recovery and detection efficiencies for target DNA concentrations of ≥100 pg were generally >20% but depended upon the specific probe, solution background, and salt condition. The DNA probe had a lower absolute detection limit of 100 fg of target (830 zM [1 zM = 10−21 M]) in high-salt buffer. In the absence of exogenous DNA (e.g., soil background), neither the bis-PNA nor the PNA oligomer achieved the same absolute detection limit even under a more favorable low-salt hybridization condition. In the presence of a soil background, however, both PNA probes provided more sensitive absolute purification and detection (830 zM) than the DNA oligomer. In varied environmental samples, the rank order for capture probe performance in high-salt buffer was DNA > PNA > clamp. Recovery of 16S rRNA from environmental samples mirrored quantitative results for DNA target recovery, with the DNA oligomer generating more positive results than either the bis-PNA or PNA oligomer, but PNA probes provided a greater incidence of detection from environmental samples that also contained a higher concentration of nontarget DNA and RNA. Significant interactions between probe type and environmental sample indicate that the most efficacious capture system depends upon the particular sample type (and background nucleic acid concentration), target (DNA or RNA), and detection objective.

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Mustalifah, F. R., A. Rahma, Mahmud, Sunardi, and M. Elma. "Chemical cleaning to evaluate the performance of silica-pectin membrane on acid mine drainage desalination." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1195, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1195/1/012057.

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Abstract Pervaporation process is an excellent and potential way applied for desalting acid mine drainage water. Nevertheless, the water flux was reduced gradually due to the issue of membrane fouling. To resolve this problem, cleaning process was chosen to maintain the water flux of silica-pectin membranes. This study aims to recover the water flux and salt rejection of the silica-pectin membranes via chemical cleaning process applied for acid mine drainage water desalination with various temperature of feed water (25-60 °C). Silica-pectin membrane was formulated by employing TEOS functioning as silica precursor and pectin as carbon template from banana peels. Chemical cleaning of the membrane carried out by employing TiO2 solution + UV light radiation for an hour. Performance of the silica-pectin membrane was evaluated via pervaporation process under dead-end system. The performance of silica-pectin banana peels membrane found flux recovery from 10.6 kg.m− 2.h−1 and flux recovery of 17.54 kg.m− 2.h−1. It shows that flux recovery higher than before backwashing process. Also, silica-pectin membrane results in all of the salt rejection <99 %. It is concluded that the chemical backwashing process is important to apply to recover the water flux of membrane, also, this process considers to save and reduce the operational costs.

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Mills, Jordan, Gaelle Level, Chirangano Mangwandi, and Marijana Blesic. "Aqueous biphasic systems formed in (zwitterionic salt+inorganic salt) mixtures." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 8 (August 27, 2019): 1351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-1222.

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Abstract The manuscript reports on a new class of aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) formed in mixtures of inorganic salts (ISs) and zwitterionic salts (ZWSs). Aqueous ternary phase diagrams characterized by a binodal curve were determined for systems consisting of four ISs, K3PO4, K2HPO4, K2HPO4/KH2PO4, and K2CO3, and three structurally similar ZWSs differing in hydrophobicity. Comparison of phase behaviour of ABSs composed of ZWSs, ionic liquids (ILs) and zwitterions was provided. Potential of ZWSs based systems for extraction of aromatic molecules and amino acids, such as glycine, L-tryptophan, DL-phenylalanine, eugenol, and phenol was examined. Feasibility and limitations of isolation of products after partition and recovery of ZWS were discussed.

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Calone, Roberta, Diana-Maria Mircea, Sara González-Orenga, Monica Boscaiu, Javier Zuzunaga-Rosas, Lorenzo Barbanti, and Oscar Vicente. "Effect of Recurrent Salt and Drought Stress Treatments on the Endangered Halophyte Limonium angustebracteatum Erben." Plants 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12010191.

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Limonium angustebracteatum is an endemic halophyte from the Spanish Mediterranean coastal salt marshes. To investigate this species’ ability to cope with recurrent drought and salt stress, one-year-old plants were subjected to two salt stress treatments (watering with 0.5 and 1 M NaCl solutions), one water stress treatment (complete irrigation withholding), or watered with non-saline water for the control, across three phases: first stress (30 days), recovery from both stresses (15 days), and second stress (15 days). Growth and biochemical parameters were determined after each period. The plants showed high salt tolerance but were sensitive to water deficit, as shown by the decrease in leaf fresh weight and water content, root water content, and photosynthetic pigments levels in response to the first water stress; then, they were restored to the respective control values upon recovery. Salt tolerance was partly based on the accumulation of Na+, Cl− and Ca2+ in the roots and predominantly in the leaves; ion levels also decreased to control values during recovery. Organic osmolytes (proline and total soluble sugars), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and H2O2), and antioxidant compounds (total phenolic compounds and flavonoids) increased by various degrees under the first salt and water stress treatments, and declined after recovery. The analysed variables increased again, but generally to a lesser extent, during the second stress phase, suggesting the occurrence of stress acclimation acquired by the activation of defence mechanisms during the first stress period.

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OSBORNE, C. M., and P. J. BREMER. "Development of a Technique To Quantify the Effectiveness of Enrichment Regimes in Recovering “Stressed” Listeria Cells." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.7.1122.

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A rapid, reliable microwell plate method based on the most probable number (MPN) technique was used to determine the effectiveness of five enrichment regimes in the recovery and enumeration of Listeria spp. cells from five seafood products. The products tested were chosen to reflect conditions under which cells were exposed to the “stresses” associated with a variety of food-processing techniques, such as treatments involving an ethanol-based marinade, lowered pH (acetic acid), heat, sugar and salt brine (Gravilax), or frozen storage. Either Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua were present in food samples as natural contaminants or L. monocytogenes was added in the laboratory. Listeria repair broth (LRB), buffered Listeria enrichment broth, Listeria enrichment broth (LEB), Fraser broth, and University of Vermont modified Listeria enrichment broth were used to recover Listeria cells. The effectiveness of these enrichment regimes was found to be dependent on the type of stresses the cells had been exposed to. After exposure to ethanol, recovery of L. monocytogenes cells was inhibited in enrichment regimes involving a nonselective period of resuscitation. On exposure to acetic acid, there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between any of the regimes used. With heat-stressed cells, LRB recovered significantly fewer (P < 0.05) cells than did any other medium. On exposure to osmotic stress (elevated sugar and salt concentrations), LEB recovered the fewest cells. The largest number of cells was recovered from frozen fish (Hoki [Macruronus novazelandiae]) fillets with LRB. No single enrichment regime was consistently the most effective.

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Takahashi, F., Z. R. Sun, K. Fukushi, Y. Oshima, and K. Yamamoto. "Enhanced removal of sodium salts supported by in-situ catalyst synthesis in a supercritical water oxidation process." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 11 (June 1, 2012): 2034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.109.

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For practical applications of supercritical water oxidation to wastewater treatment, the deposition of inorganic salts in supercritical phase must be controlled to prevent a reactor from clogging. This study investigated enhanced removal of sodium salts with titanium particles, serving as a salt trapper and a catalyst precursor, and sodium recovery by sub-critical water. When Na2CO3 was tested as a model salt, sodium removal efficiency was higher than theoretically maximum efficiency defined by Na2CO3 solubility. The enhanced sodium removal resulted from in-situ synthesis of sodium titanate, which could catalyse acetic acid oxidation. The kinetics of sodium removal was described well by a diffusion mass-transfer model combined with a power law-type rate model of sodium titanate synthesis. Titanium particles showed positive effect on sodium removal in the case of NaOH, Na2SO4 and Na3PO4. However, they had negligible effect for NaCl and negative effect for Na2CrO4, respectively. More than 99% of trapped sodium was recovered by sub-critical water except for Na2CrO4. In contrast, sodium recovery efficiency remained less than 50% in the case of Na2CrO4. Reused titanium particles showed the same performance for enhanced sodium removal. Enhanced salt removal supported by in-situ catalyst synthesis has great potential to enable both salt removal control and catalytic oxidation.

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Feng, Xuan Jun, Jing Rui Li, Shi Lian Qi, Qing Fang Lin, Jing Bo Jin, and Xue Jun Hua. "Light affects salt stress-induced transcriptional memory ofP5CS1inArabidopsis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 51 (December 7, 2016): E8335—E8343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610670114.

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To cope with environmental stresses, plants often adopt a memory response upon primary stress exposure to facilitate a quicker and stronger reaction to recurring stresses. However, it remains unknown whether light is involved in the manifestation of stress memory. Proline accumulation is a striking metabolic adaptation of higher plants during various environmental stresses. Here we show that salinity-induced proline accumulation is memorable and HY5-dependent light signaling is required for such a memory response. Primary salt stress induced the expression of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase 1 (P5CS1), encoding a proline biosynthetic enzyme and proline accumulation, which were reduced to basal level during the recovery stage. Reoccurring salt stress-induced strongerP5CS1expression and proline accumulation were dependent upon light exposure during the recovery stage. Further studies demonstrated that salt-induced transcriptional memory ofP5CS1is associated with the retention of increased H3K4me3 level atP5CS1during the recovery stage. HY5 binds directly to light-responsive element, C/A-box, in theP5CS1promoter. Deletion of the C/A-box orhy5 hyhmutations caused rapid reduction of H3K4me3 level atP5CS1during the recovery stage, resulting in impairment of the stress memory response. These results unveil a previously unrecognized mechanism whereby light regulates salt-induced transcriptional memory via the function of HY5 in maintaining H3K4me3 level at the memory gene.

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Lee, Byung‐Il, and Song‐Ho Byeon. "Memory Effect of Calcined Layered Samarium Hydroxychlorides in Aqueous Solution^#." Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 36, no. 3 (February 20, 2015): 804–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.10149.

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The decomposition and recovery behavior of layered samarium hydroxychloride (Sm2(OH)5Cl·nH2O, LSmH) has been closely studied in various conditions. Although the heat treatment of LSmH at 700 °C completely collapsed typical layered structure, the calcined LSmH (c‐LSmH) recovered its layered characteristics and consequently its ability to intercalate anions into the interlayer space when it was rehydroxylated and rehydrated in aqueous solutions containing organic and inorganic anions. This phenomenon is similar to the memory effect observed in classical layered double hydroxides (LDHs), where LDHs calcined to a mixture of metal oxides can recover their layered structures in aqueous solutions. In contrast, the recovery reaction of c‐LSmH in water without any counter anions was unsuccessful and instead resulted in the formation of Sm(OH)3. Such a difference was interpreted on the basis of the salt effect on Sm2(OH)5Cl·nH2O–Sm(OH)3 phase equilibria in water.

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Chen, Feng, Yuekai Wen, Yufeng Guo, Shuai Wang, Lingzhi Yang, Yu Zheng, Dongyue Li, and Yuqiao Ren. "The Transition of Mg-Containing Phases and Recovery of NaCl in Molten Salt Chloride Slags at High Temperature." Materials 15, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 5983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175983.

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The molten salt chlorination method is more suitable to produce TiCl4 using titanium-containing materials with high contents of CaO and MgO in China. However, there is a large amount of molten salt chloride slags generated from the molten salt chlorination process, which contains a variety of chlorides and is difficult to treat, often causing serious environmental problems such as direct piling or landfilling. A novel process was proposed to deal with molten salt chloride slags, and calcium chloride could be effectively removed by this process (as in our previous study). However, magnesium chloride is another impurity which can deteriorate the density and viscosity of the molten salt; it is often found in higher contents, and should be also removed from molten salt chloride slags to efficiently recycle NaCl in novel processes. Na2SiO3 is added to the molten salt chloride slags in the molten state to produce the Mg-containing solid phase, which could be separated with the molten NaCl in novel processes. Thus, the transition of Mg-containing phases and the recovery of NaCl in molten salt chloride slags at high temperature in a novel process were systematically investigated in this work, including thermodynamic analysis, the phase transition behavior of Mg-containing phases, NaCl recovery, etc. The removal rate of Mg was 99.56% when the molar ratio of MgCl2:Na2SiO3 was 1:1.5 at 1273 K and in a N2 atmosphere. The recovery rate of NaCl from the molten salt chlorination slag was 97.62% and the purity of NaCl obtained was 99.35 wt%, which could be used in the molten salt chlorination process.

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Ishitani, M., T. Takabe, K. Kojima, and T. Takabe. "Regulation of Glycinebetaine Accumulation in the Halotolerant Cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica." Functional Plant Biology 20, no. 6 (1993): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9930693.

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When cells of the halotolerant cyanobacterium, Aphanothece halophytica were transferred from control culture medium that contained 0.5 M NaCl to a hypersaline medium with either 1.5 M or 2.0 M NaCl, the rate of photosynthetic CO2 fixation fell instantaneously. Subsequently, the photosynthetic activity returned to almost the original level within 1 day. Under salt stress, ultrastructural changes in the cells were observed by electron microscopy, these cells appeared to recover in parallel with the recovery of their photosynthetic activity. However, the intracellular level of glycinebetaine increased more slowly than the recovery of the photosynthetic CO2 fixation. The maximum rate of accumulation of betaine was estimated to be approximately 60 nmol (mg protein)-1 h-1. This rate is at least one order of magnitude greater than rates reported previously in leaves of salt-stressed higher plants. The accumulation of betaine did not take place in the dark. The intracellular level of betaine decreased as a result of the transfer of the cells to a hypo-osmotic NaCl-containing medium. The accumulation of betaine was also induced by an organic osmoticum, sorbitol. Nitrate enhances the accumulation of betaine under salt stress.

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Jiang, De-yi, Qiao-xian Li, Jie Chen, Song Ren, and Chun-he Yang. "Self-recovery ability of stress-damaged salt rock experiment." Journal of Coal Science and Engineering (China) 19, no. 1 (February 8, 2013): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12404-013-0111-x.

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Lin, Tze-Yen, Wan-Ru Chen, Jhih Syuan Lin, Chih-Hung Chen, and Che-Feng Chang. "Salt-induced maladaptive innate immune memory impedes stroke recovery." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2023): 63.02. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.63.02.

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Abstract A high salt diet (HSD) is a top risk factor for human mortality. Beyond its heavily implicated role in hypertension, it is now linked to the development of inflammatory diseases before the onset of cardiovascular events. Even after salt reduction, HSD can induce prolonged tissue damage, yet the mechanisms by which HSD induces persistent negative effects on immune system are largely unexplored. While HSD is an established risk factor for stroke, its impact on long-term stroke recovery is unknown. Here, we model two major stroke types, intracerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral ischemia, to investigate how HSD induces unfavorable immune responses and subsequently impacts long-term tissue repair. We found HSD exclusively hampers alternative activation in monocytes-derived macrophages (MDMs) while sparing the major parenchymal macrophage—microglia—in the stroke brain. HSD induces innate immune memory in the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells through downregulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and NR4a orphan nuclear receptors expression. This immunological memory was retained in the brain-infiltrating MDMs and restrained their reparative functions. Consequently lead to impaired tissue repair and neurobehavioral recovery during stroke recovery phase. Pharmacological treatment with NR4a1 activator and genetic overexpression of NR4a1 restored MDMs reparative phenotype suppressed by HSD and enabled stroke recovery. These findings establish a new mechanism linking HSD-induced maladaptive innate immune memory to a hindered macrophage alternative activation and delayed tissue recovery. Our data unveil innate immune memory and NR4a1 as potential therapeutic targets for treating HSD-associated diseases.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Salt recovery'

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