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Journal articles on the topic 'Salt formation'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Makary, Patrick. "Principles of Salt Formation." UK Journal of Pharmaceutical Biosciences 2, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/2/i4/91101.

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2

Guadarrama-Cetina, J., A. Mongruel, W. González-Viñas, and D. Beysens. "Frost formation with salt." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 110, no. 5 (June 1, 2015): 56002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/110/56002.

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3

Clegg, Nicola A., and Ralf Toumi. "Non-sea-salt-sulphate formation in sea-salt aerosol." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 103, no. D23 (December 1, 1998): 31095–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98jd02595.

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4

Escapa, Mauricio, Gerardo M. E. Perillo, and Oscar Iribarne. "Biogeomorphically driven salt pan formation in Sarcocornia-dominated salt-marshes." Geomorphology 228 (January 2015): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.08.032.

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5

Lewis, Andrew L., and Howard C. K. Stokes. "Formation of a Stabilised Phospholane Salt." Journal of Chemical Research 23, no. 10 (October 1999): 612–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174751989902301013.

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N,N′-Substituted amines (as illustrated using TMEDA) will react with a short chain 2-alkoxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane, to form a stabilised phospholane salt and not the corresponding phosphobetaine as anticipated.
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6

Dongyan, WEI, DENG Xiaolin, LIU Zhenmin, and YANG Gengsheng. "On Biochemical Formation of Salt Deposits." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 74, no. 3 (September 7, 2010): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2000.tb00032.x.

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7

Lewis, Andrew L., and Howard C. K. Stokes. "Formation of a Stabilised Phospholane Salt." Journal of Chemical Research, no. 10 (1999): 612–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a904940a.

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8

Serajuddin, Abu T. M. "Salt formation to improve drug solubility." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 59, no. 7 (July 2007): 603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2007.05.010.

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9

Hussain, Syed Asim, Feng-Qing Han, Jibin Han, Hawas Khan, and David Widory. "Chlorine isotopes unravel conditions of formation of the Neoproterozoic rock salts from the Salt Range Formation, Pakistan." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, no. 6 (June 2020): 698–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0149.

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During the late Neoproterozoic, the Salt Range in Pakistan was one of the regions where the Tethys truncated and marine strata developed. The numerous transgressions and regressions that occurred during that period provided enough initial material for the development of marine evaporites. The geology of the Salt Range is characterized by the presence of dense salt layers and the existence of four regional and local scale unconformities. These thick salt deposits geologically favor potash formation. Here we coupled chloride isotope geochemistry and classical chemistry of local halite samples to assess the extent of brine evaporation that ultimately formed the salt deposits. Our results indicate that evaporites in the Salt Range area are Br-rich and precipitated from seawater under arid climate conditions. The corresponding δ37Cl values vary from –1.04‰ to 1.07‰, with an average of –0.25‰ ± 0.52‰, consistent with the isotope range values reported for other evaporites worldwide. The positive δ37Cl values we obtained indicate the addition of nonmarine Cl, possibly from reworking of older evaporites, the influx of dilute seawater, the mixing of meteoric and seawater, and the influence of gypsum-dehydration water. The negative Cl isotope compositions (δ37Cl < –1‰) indicate that brines reached the last stages of salt deposition during the late Neoproterozoic. We conclude that the Salt Range Formation could be promising for K-Mg salts.
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10

Sigfridsson, Kalle, Lena Nilsson, Matti Ahlqvist, Thomas Andersson, and Anna-Karin Granath. "Preformulation investigation and challenges; salt formation, salt disproportionation and hepatic recirculation." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 104 (June 2017): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.041.

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11

Kozma, Dávid, and Elemér Fogassy. "Study of the Mechanism of Optical Resolutions Via Diastereoisomeric Salt Formation Part 3. Two Consecutive 1:X Double Salt Formations During an Optical Resolution Via Diastereoisomeric Salt Formation." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 276, no. 1-2 (February 1996): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259608039356.

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12

Bahr, Fadel, and Dave Keighley. "Chemostratigraphy of Cumberland Group (Pennsylvanian) strata influenced by salt tectonics, Joggins Fossil Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage Site, eastern Canada." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 9 (September 23, 2021): 969–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.152.

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ABSTRACT The Pennsylvanian stratigraphy of the western Cumberland Basin has been influenced by salt tectonics, specifically the formation of the Minudie Anticline, a salt wall. South of the Minudie Anticline, along the shoreline of the Joggins Fossil Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage Site, the post–Boss Point Formation succession comprises an ∼ 3 km succession of strata assigned to the Little River, Joggins, Springhill Mines, and Ragged Reef formations. North of the Minudie anticline, the Grande Anse Formation lies in angular unconformity on the Boss Point and basal Little River formations. Biostratigraphic studies have not been able to discern whether the Grande Anse Formation is equivalent to all, or just one, of the Joggins to Ragged Reef units south of the salt wall (the Minudie Anticline). To further investigate the relationship of the Grande Anse Formation with the units along the Joggins shoreline, forty sandstone samples from the post–Boss Point Fm strata were selected for a chemostratigraphic study, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine major-element compositions. Transformed ICP-MS data, subjected to a Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc tests, show that there is no significant difference between Grande Anse and Ragged Reef formations in the mean values of almost all analyzed elements. In contrast, there are significant differences when comparing these two units and the older Little River, Joggins, and Springhill Mines formations in the case of elements usually encountered in detrital mineral phases (Si, Al, Ti, Na, and Fe). Sandstones of the Grande Anse and Ragged Reef formations show greater compositional maturity than the Little River, Joggins, and Springhill Mines formations. This trend is explained by a gradual overall change in paleoclimate from semiarid conditions during deposition of the Little River Formation to humid conditions during deposition of the Grande Anse and Ragged Reef formations, causing greater chemical weathering of the sediment. These findings indicate that &gt; 2 km of sediment (Little River, Joggins, and Springhill Mines formations) accumulated south of the salt wall during the major episode of salt diapirism, followed by erosion of any topographic high associated with the salt wall, and accumulation of a further &gt; 500 m of sediment (the laterally equivalent Ragged Reef and Grand Anse formations), all within a timespan of only ∼ 2 Myr.
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13

Zhang, Ming, and Qiang Yang. "Stability Analysis of Storage Caverns in Bedded Salt Rock Formation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1345.

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Salt cavern storage is usually in bedded salt rock formation except salt dome, in particular in China. The rocks composing a bedded salt rock formation, e.g., mudstone, rock salt, interlayer, etc., often present viscoelastic-plastic behaviors, which is an important influencing factor of the long-term stability of salt caverns in it. Modelling the rheological behavior with the Druck-Prager creep model, an example of stability analysis of four salt caverns at Jintan Salt Mine of China with the finite element method is elaborated in this paper. The results show that besides the inevitable loss of effective storage room with time due to creep deformation, which decreases evidently with internal pressure but decreases slowly at a certain pressure value, the variation of operating internal pressure in each cavern can cause the change of volumes of other nearby caverns and then affect the stability of all the caverns. The internal pressure difference should be as small as possible during the operation of salt caverns.
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14

Azum, Naved, Malik Abdul Rub, and Abdullah M. Asiri. "Bile salt–bile salt interaction in mixed monolayer and mixed micelle formation." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 128 (January 2019): 406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2018.08.030.

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15

Kholodov, V. N. "Elisional processes and salt tectonics: Communication 2. Formation mechanism of salt diapirs." Lithology and Mineral Resources 48, no. 4 (July 2013): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0024490213040032.

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16

NAGADOME, Shigemi, Hidenori MIYOSHI, Gohsuke SUGIHARA, Yoshitomi IKAWA, and Hirotsune IGIMI. "Mixed Micelle Formation of Bile Salt Mixtures." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 39, no. 8 (1990): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.39.8_542.

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17

Chou, F. I., and S. T. Tan. "Salt-mediated multicell formation in Deinococcus radiodurans." Journal of Bacteriology 173, no. 10 (1991): 3184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.10.3184-3190.1991.

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18

Al-Bataineh, Nezar Q., and Matthias Brewer. "Iodine(III)-mediated bicyclic diazenium salt formation." Tetrahedron Letters 53, no. 40 (October 2012): 5411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.116.

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19

Lam, Ka W., Jinjie Xu, Ka M. Ng, Christianto Wibowo, Ge Lin, and Kathy Q. Luo. "Pharmaceutical Salt Formation Guided by Phase Diagrams." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 49, no. 24 (December 15, 2010): 12503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie902080k.

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20

Al-Maaieh, Ahmad, and Douglas R. Flanagan. "New drug salt formation in biodegradable microspheres." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 303, no. 1-2 (October 2005): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.06.029.

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21

Moldakarimov, Samat B., Elena Yu Kramarenko, Alexei R. Khokhlov, and Sarkyt E. Kudaibergenov. "Formation of Salt Bonds in Polyampholyte Chains." Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 10, no. 8 (October 1, 2001): 780–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3919(20011001)10:8<780::aid-mats780>3.0.co;2-q.

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22

INNA V., BYSTROVA, and SMIRNOVA TATYANA S. "MODERN ISSUES OF EVAPORITE FORMATION IN THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE EARTH." Geology, Geography and Global Energy 81, no. 2 (2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/2077-6322-2021-81-2-025-030.

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The relevance of the work. The geochemical specificity of the underground hydrosphere is extremely varied in composition brines and salt waters, which are characteristic of platform-type sedimentary basins with halogen formations. Therefore, elucidation of the origin, formation and distribution patterns of salt-bearing rocks is one of the fundamental problems of modern theoretical geology of oil and gas. The purpose of this work is to analyze the features of the formation of evaporites in the geological history of the Earth. The high importance of scientific and applied problems of "salt" geology and the wide interest in this problem are traditionally determined by the needs for various halurgic raw materials, as well as their close ties with the interests of many disciplines (hydrogeochemistry, studies of mineral deposits, oil and gas geology, etc.). The work reveals the possibility of using data on modern halogenesis to decipher the conditions and patterns of ancient salt accumulation in different geological periods, ranging from relatively young to the most ancient; in identifying the relationship and relationship of continental and marine halogenesis in different geological epochs; Conclusions : The regularities of the distribution and formation of salt-bearing rocks have been revealed, and the possibility of their use as sources of hydromineral raw materials has been determined.
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23

Sukenik, Shahar, Yoav Boyarski, and Daniel Harries. "Effect of salt on the formation of salt-bridges in β-hairpin peptides." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 60 (2014): 8193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc03195d.

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The formation of salt-bridges in β-hairpin peptides is measured in increasing salt concentrations, indicating a decrease in the salt-bridged population due to charge–charge screening, as well as non-cooperative salt-bridge triads.
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24

Nichenko, Sergii, Jarmo Kalilainen, and Terttaliisa Lind. "MSR Simulation with cGEMS: Fission Product Release and Aerosol Formation." Journal of Nuclear Engineering 3, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jne3010006.

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The release of fission products and fuel materials from a molten-salt fast-reactor fuel in hypothetical accident conditions was investigated. The molten-salt fast reactor in this investigation features a fast neutron spectrum, operating in the thorium cycle, and it uses LiF-ThF4-UF4 as a fuel salt. A coupling between the severe accident code MELCOR and thermodynamical equilibrium solver GEMS, the so-called cGEMS, with the updated HERACLES database was used in the modeling work. The work was carried out in the frame of the EU SAMOSAFER project. At the beginning of the simulation, the fuel salt is assumed to be drained from the reactor to the bottom of a confinement building. The containment atmosphere is nitrogen. The fission products and salt materials are heated by the decay heat, and due to heating, they are evaporated from the surface of a molten salt pool. The chemical system in this investigation included the following elements: Li, F, Th, U, Zr, Np, Pu, Sr, Ba, La, Ce, and Nd. In addition to the release of radioactive materials from the fuel salt, the formation of aerosols and the vapor-phase species in the modeled confinement were determined.
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25

Lankof, Leszek, Stanisław Nagy, Krzysztof Polański, and Kazimierz Urbańczyk. "Potential for Underground Storage of Liquid Fuels in Bedded Rock Salt Formations in Poland." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 24, 2022): 7005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197005.

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The paper aims to give a universal methodology for assessing the storage capacity of a bedded rock salt formation in terms of the operational and strategic storage facilities for liquid fuels. The method assumes the development of a geological model of the analyzed rock salt formation and the determination of the salt caverns’ size and spacing and the impact of convergence on their capacity during operation. Based on this method, the paper presents calculations of the storage capacity using the example of the bedded rock salt formations in Poland and their results in the form of storage capacity maps. The maps show that the analyzed rock salt deposits’ storage capacity in northern Poland amounts to 7.1 B m3 and in the Fore-Sudetic Monocline to 10.5 B m3, in the case of strategic storage facilities. The spatial analysis of the storage capacity rasters, including determining the raster volumes and their unique values, allowed us to quantify the variability of the storage capacity in the analyzed rock salt deposits.
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26

Zemskov, A. N. "Examination of gas-bearing capacity of salt formation of Garlyksky potassuim salt deposit." izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii gornyi zhurnal 7 (November 9, 2017): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2017-7-35-42.

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27

Liu, Li-Zhi, Quan Wan, Tianbo Liu, Benjamin S. Hsiao, and Benjamin Chu. "Salt-Induced Polymer Gelation and Formation of Nanocrystals in a Polymer−Salt System." Langmuir 18, no. 26 (December 2002): 10402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la0204803.

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28

Jeyhun Shirinov, Jeyhun Shirinov. "SALT PROCESSING AT THE NAKHICHEVAN SALT DEPOSIT." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 07, no. 03 (May 25, 2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/0703202135.

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One of the topical issues is the study of the formation conditions, geological structure, chemical composition and methods of development of the "Duzdag" salt deposit, formed in the Babek region of the Nakhchivan depression on the territory of Azerbaijan, in order to meet the salt needs of the population. The field is divided into two sections: southern - Nakhchivan and Sust, located 4.5 km north-west of it. The physical and mechanical properties of both sections are close to each other. Losses are allowed during field development due to the fact that salt layers alternate with clay layers. The constantly growing demand for salt has predetermined the need to develop more advanced and progressive production methods based on the mechanization of technological processes, the use of new technologies and world experience. Depending on the formation of salt deposits, different methods of salt extraction are used in world practice. The main method of production of table salt in the world should be its extraction in the form of a solution and evaporation in the sun. The share of each of these methods is about 35%, and about 30% of the salt is extracted from an underground mine. The productive layer of the Nakhchivan rock salt deposit is 93-95% halite and is of high quality. The excess content of clay minerals in the field forces them to be used only in animal husbandry. Frosts drilled in the Nakhchivan rock salt deposit can be widely used in the treatment of liver diseases. The mountain has 130 million tons of natural salt reserves that are effective in treating respiratory ailments. Since the ice is horizontal, patients adapt to the underground part. To open new production facilities and treatment facilities in Duzdag, it is necessary to continue the installation of equipment that meets modern standards, the introduction of mines into a fully automated, controlled technological regime, equipped with a modern ventilation system. Keywords: Nakhchivan salt deposit, processing methods, salt beds.
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29

Tariq, Muhammad, Ahmad Kaleem Qureshi, Muhammad Hamid, Naseem Abbas, Ajaz Hussain, and Muhammad Naeem Khan. "Organotin (IV) based Rabeprazole and Pregabalin Complexes Formation and Biocidal Investigation." Acta Chemica Malaysia 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acmy-2020-0003.

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AbstractNew organotin (IV) complexes with NaL1 (sodium salt of 2-[[4-(3-methoxy-propoxy) 3-methylpyridin-2-yl]methylsulfinyl]benzimidazol-1-ide) and NaL2 (sodium salt of 3- aminomethyl-5-methylhexanoic acid) were synthesized by the reaction of diorganotin (IV) and triorganotin (IV) salt (Bu3SnCl, Ph3SnCl, Bu2SnCl2, Me2SnCl2) using the solvent (dry toluene) by constant stirring and refluxing. All the organotin (IV) complexes were characterized by different diagnostic techniques such as FT-IR (Infra-red) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The results exhibited that ligand NaL1 (sodium salt) is attached to tin metal by a nitrogen atom of benzimidazole ring and the oxygen atom of the sulfonyl group. While ligand NaL2 (sodium salt) coordinate with tin(IV) moiety through oxygen atom of the carboxylate group. The newly synthesized complexes 1 & 2 of ligand NaL1 (sodium salt) showed trigonal bipyramidal geometry while complexes 3 & 4 octahedral geometry around tin(IV) centre. The organotin(IV) complexes 5-7 of ligand NaL2 (sodium salt) have the tetrahedral geometry around tin(IV) centre. The synthesized complexes (1-7) were tested for antifungal and antibacterial microbial activities. All the complexes showed significant antibacterial and anti-fungal activities against tested bacterial and fungal strains.
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30

Saigo, Kazuhiko, and Kenichi Sakai. "Toward Efficient Optical Resolution by Diastereomeric Salt Formation." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 69, no. 5 (2011): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.69.499.

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31

HARA, Motoi, and Tomoyuki TSUCHIDA. "Formation of Molybdenum Silicide by Molten Salt Electrodeposition." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 49, no. 11 (1998): 1233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.49.1233.

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32

Jadhav, Dhananjay, Purnima Nag, Rama Lokhande, and Jayant Chandorkar. "Separation of Amlodipine Enantiomers by Diastereomeric Salt Formation." JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 65, no. 6 (2021): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.37398/jsr.2021.650601.

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33

Manabe, Kei, Kimio Okamura, Tadamasa Date, and Kenji Koga. "2 + 2 Salt formation induced by hydrogen bonding." Tetrahedron Letters 35, no. 17 (April 1994): 2705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)77011-0.

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34

Clerici, Angelo, and Ombretta Porta. "Ti(III) Salt Mediated Formation of 1,3-Dioxolanes." Synthetic Communications 18, no. 18 (December 1988): 2281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397918808082371.

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35

da Silva, Cecília C. P., Rebeka de Oliveira, Juan C. Tenorio, Sara B. Honorato, Alejandro P. Ayala, and Javier Ellena. "The Continuum in 5-Fluorocytosine. Toward Salt Formation." Crystal Growth & Design 13, no. 10 (September 23, 2013): 4315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg400662n.

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36

Klingebiel, U., M. Meyer, and G. Schöning. "P,P-Difluoro-triazaphosphorines-reactions, interconversions, salt formation." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 35, no. 1 (February 1987): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1139(87)95094-9.

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37

Capablo, Joaquín. "Formation of alkali salt deposits in biomass combustion." Fuel Processing Technology 153 (December 2016): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.07.025.

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38

Novikov, V. P., A. N. Stetsik, and S. R. Neden’. "Formation of ordered metal nanowire-inorganic salt composites." Technical Physics Letters 33, no. 5 (May 2007): 435–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063785007050227.

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39

Liu, Xiongzhang, Ran Guo, Sengjing Zhang, Qingda Li, Genki Saito, Xuemei Yi, and Takahiro Nomura. "Formation of Different Si3N4Nanostructures by Salt-Assisted Nitridation." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 14 (March 14, 2018): 11852–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b16952.

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40

Li, Chen C., Chien C. Chiu, and Seshu B. Desu. "Formation of Lead Niobates in Molten Salt Systems." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 74, no. 1 (January 1991): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb07294.x.

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41

Smith, Amos B., Laurent Ducry, R. Michael Corbett, and Ralph Hirschmann. "Intramolecular Hydrogen-Bond Participation in Phosphonylammonium Salt Formation." Organic Letters 2, no. 24 (November 2000): 3887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol0066330.

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42

Katz, E. P., and C. W. David. "Energetics of intrachain salt-linkage formation in collagen." Biopolymers 29, no. 4-5 (March 1990): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360290413.

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43

Augustinowski, Katrin, and Stefan Gruender. "Intersubunit Salt-Bridge Formation during Gating of Rasic1a." Biophysical Journal 106, no. 2 (January 2014): 153a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.877.

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44

Kiss, Violetta, Gabriella Egri, József Bálint, and Elemér Fogassy. "Enantioseparation of secondary alcohols by diastereoisomeric salt formation." Chirality 18, no. 2 (2005): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.20226.

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45

Vu, Huy D., Kazimierz Wie˛ski, and Steven C. Pennings. "Ecosystem engineers drive creek formation in salt marshes." Ecology 98, no. 1 (January 2017): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1628.

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46

Tong, Hua, Daqiang Guo, and Xiaohua Zhu. "Research on a probabilistic assessment criterion of casing deformation in an incomplete borehole in deep salt formation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 3 (September 16, 2015): 444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408915605975.

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Drilling and completing wells through complex salt formation is technically challenging and costing. Field data demonstrates that well casings designed by traditional safety coefficient criterion occurring failure in deep salt formation though their safety factors are greater than 1. To reveal the failure mechanism, a probabilistic computational model coupled with salt formation, defective cement and worn casing is established and analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation method. On the basis of reliability theory, the results calculated by 5000 times simulations show that the traditional safety coefficient criterion has been unable to adapt to the safety assessment of well casings under salt creep conditions. To gain a sophisticated evaluation, a new assessment criterion is established and applied to assess the security of well casings under salt creep conditions. This study provides a new perspective for revealing the failure mechanism and solutions of evaluation on well casings under salt creep conditions, which may be an alternative method to study and predict the life of well casings in deep complicated formation.
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47

Tao, Yuanqing, Kefeng Yan, Xiaosen Li, Zhaoyang Chen, Yisong Yu, and Chungang Xu. "Effects of Salinity on Formation Behavior of Methane Hydrate in Montmorillonite." Energies 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010231.

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In marine sediments, seawater influences the phase behavior of natural gas hydrate. As a porous medium, the water distribution and physical properties of montmorillonite are influenced by the salt ions in seawater. In this work, the bound-water content in, and crystal structure of, montmorillonite is measured to investigate the effect of salt ions on the water distribution in montmorillonite. It can be determined from the results that the bound-water content in montmorillonite decreases as the salt-ion concentration increases. Salt ions affect the intercalation of water molecules in montmorillonite, and they then inhibit the expansion effect of montmorillonite. Next, the phase behaviors of methane hydrate in montmorillonite with NaCl solution are investigated using high-pressure micro-differential scanning calorimetry. The phase behavior of hydrate in montmorillonite with NaCl solution is discussed. In montmorillonite with NaCl solution, the phase equilibrium temperatures and the conversion rate of methane hydrate both decrease with increasing NaCl concentration. The results show that methane hydrate in montmorillonite is influenced not only by the phase-equilibrium effect of salt ions, but also by the formation effect of the salt ions on the bound-water content in montmorillonite.
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48

Christiansen, E. A., and E. Karl Sauer. "Stratigraphy and structure of a Late Wisconsinan salt collapse in the Saskatoon Low, south of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada: an update." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 1601–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e01-038.

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The Saskatoon Low is a collapse structure that formed as a result of dissolution of salt from the Middle Devonian Prairie Evaporite Formation. In this study, the collapse has affected the Upper Cretaceous Lea Park, Judith River, and Bearpaw formations of the Montana Group; the Early and Middle Pleistocene Mennon, Dundurn, and Warman formations of the Sutherland Group; and the Late Pleistocene Floral, Battleford, and Haultain formations of the Saskatoon Group. Locally, the collapse is about 180 m, which is about equal to the thickness of the salt. The first phase of collapse took place after deposition of the Ardkenneth Member of the Bearpaw Formation and before glaciation or during a pre-Illinoian glaciation. The second phase of collapse occurred during the Battleford glaciation (Late Wisconsinan). Prior to deposition of the Battleford Formation, the Saskatoon Low was glacially eroded, removing the Sutherland Group and the Floral Formation. After the glacial erosion, up to 110 m of soft till of the Battleford Formation and up to 77 m of deltaic sand, silt, and clay of the Haultain Formation were deposited in the Saskatoon Low. Lastly, the South Saskatchewan River eroded up to about 40 m into the deltaic sediment and tills before up to about 15 m of Pike Lake Formation was deposited. The Haultain and Pike Lake formations are new stratigraphic units.
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49

Kozma, David, Mária Ács, and Elemér Fogassy. "Predictions of which diastereoisomeric salt precipitates during an optical resolution via diastereoisomeric salt formation." Tetrahedron 50, no. 23 (January 1994): 6907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)81342-9.

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50

Iaremchuk, Iaroslava, Mohammad Tariq, Sophiya Hryniv, Serhiy Vovnyuk, and Fanwei Meng. "Clay minerals from rock salt of Salt Range Formation (Late Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian, Pakistan)." Carbonates and Evaporites 32, no. 1 (April 2, 2016): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13146-016-0294-5.

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