Journal articles: 'SALOON CAR'

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Rakib Uddin, Mohammad, and Muhammad Faiz Haji Ya’akub. "Parked Car Interior Temperature Investigation in Brunei Darussalam." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 5, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.05.01.2020.03.

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When a car is parked under the sunlight for a long period of time, solar radiation enters the vehicle through the car glass and becomes trapped inside the car. This causes the cabin interior air temperature to increase and this is especially noticeable in tropical countries with hot and humid climates that are situated near the equator like Brunei Darussalam. Aside from causing thermal discomfort to the passengers inside the car, degradation of the surfaces of the car interior may also be accelerated. This paper aims to demonstrate the severity of the heat by recording a number of temperature measurements in a certain period of time for two different types of cars, under three different conditions for each car and comparing them to the ambient temperature. It is observed that the interior temperature depends on the design of the car. We experimented temperature measurements for two types of car models, i.e., saloon and SUV models. Saloon car is design such as way that its interior volumes space is smaller than the SUV designed car. The smaller interior volume spaced Saloon car exhibits higher maximum temperature of 68.7°C whereas the larger interior volume spaced SUV car exhibits maximum temperature of 59.4°C under fully exposed to sun with same environmental conditions.

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Koitrand, Sofie, Lennart Lofdahl, Sven Rehnberg, and Adrian Gaylard. "A Computational Investigation of Ground Simulation for a Saloon Car." SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0615.

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Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin, Hifni Muktar Ariyadi, and Alfian Muhammad Fadhillah Hidayat. "THE EVALUATION OF MESH CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CAR MODELING AND SIMULATION USING CFD ANALYSIS." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 13, no. 1 (June 22, 2022): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jrm.2022.013.01.14.

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In a car CFD simulation, different types of mesh could change the output of the simulation and may differ with the results gathered using wind tunnel experiment. Therefore, adjusting and getting the best mesh for the simulated car model is an important step in a CFD simulation. This study investigated the effect of the different number of elements on a saloon car CFD simulation. The elements themselves have a similar mesh quality, but the number of elements ranged from just over a couple hundred thousand to over 3 million elements. The results show that with this number of mesh, the accuracy did not increase significantly even though the elements multiplied in amount. It is suggested that simulation with higher number of elements might be the best choice if the facilities are supportive. It is also shown that the lower number of elements could be an alternative because the accuracy is sufficient.

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Howell, J. P. "The side load distribution on a Rover 800 saloon car under crosswind conditions." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 60 (April 1996): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(96)00029-3.

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Stein, G. J., and P. Múčka. "Theoretical investigation of a linear planar model of a passenger car with seated people." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070360613228.

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This paper deals with simulation results of a planar passenger car model, supposed to simulate a ‘standard European saloon car’, with simple linear cushioned seats and a seated human model, which accounts for variation in the body weight. As excitation a short harmonic undulation (so called ‘rollete’) is used, sometimes encountered ahead of traffic-light-controlled road crossings. The simulation results indicate some dependence of the respective frequency response characteristics on the stipulated driver's and passenger's weights. Further large vertical acceleration values at axle hop frequencies are observed, which may under circumstances even exceed the standard gravity acceleration. These decrease with increased traversing velocity, say, above 50 km/h to bearable values. Further it is illustrated that the visibility of lights or signs may be momentarily impaired when accelerating from standstill at a road crossing with a large ‘rollete’ directly before the crossing.

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Hillis, A. J. "Multi-input multi-output control of an automotive active engine mounting system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 225, no. 11 (July 20, 2011): 1492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407011407701.

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This paper describes the control of automotive active engine mounts, consisting of a conventional passive hydraulic mount and an internal electromagnetic actuator. The actuator generates a force dependent on a control signal from an algorithm implemented in real time. The filtered- x least-mean-square (FXLMS) adaptive filter is applied to a system of two active mounts fitted to a saloon car equipped with a four-cylinder turbo-diesel engine. The steady state and transient performance of the active system is experimentally evaluated, and is found to typically reduce chassis vibration by 50 per cent to 90 per cent under normal driving conditions.

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Boam, D. J. "Energy Audit on a Two-Litre Saloon Car Driving an Ece 15 Cycle from a Cold Start." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 200, no. 1 (January 1986): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1986_200_164_02.

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In an effort to identify the aspects of vehicle operation which have most influence on fuel consumption during the ECE 15 driving cycle an energy audit was carried out on a two-litre saloon car driving such a cycle. The most interesting results to emerge were that, in the first cycle, 12 per cent of the fuel passed through the engine either partially or completely unburnt, 8 per cent emerged as useful work, and 60 per cent was used to warm up the engine and transmission, while 10 per cent was rejected in the exhaust gas as heat.

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Liu, Han Wu, Zhao Hui Liu, Hui Xiao Li, and Shao Bo Ping. "Computer Simulation of Hot Stamping Process of DP Steel Car Bumper Chain Based on Dynaform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 2877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.2877.

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Owing to the advantages of weight loss and security, duplex steel plate has been the priority for the saloon car body instead of ordinary one among a majority of engine factories. While there are undesirable phenomena because of its high strength at normal temperature, such as its formability is worsened dramatically, and failure and fracture always occur in the stamping. So hot stamping process must be adopted to make the formability available. Based on the Bumper chain of Beijing Hyundai Reina and taken DP600 high strength steel as research object, this paper analyzes the distributions of stress, strain and thickness changes during the process of sheet metal forming by using eta/DYNAFORM software, simulates the spring-back quantity after hot stamping forming, and the numerical simulation of the temperature field distribution with time during stamping process was done. The result shows that duplex steel plate can meet the performance requirements of automotive chain forming, which offers theory basis for the production of such parts.

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Darsono, Junianto Tjahjo, and Erni Susana. "Structural Model of Intention to Buy on Purchase Decision Saloon Car In Surabaya: Theory of Planned Behavior Approach and Stimulus Response Theory." IOSR Journal of Business and Management 16, no. 10 (2014): 09–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487x-161020919.

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Nevolin, Dmitry G., and Andrey P. Kotelnikov. "To develop and maintain algorithms for the operation of the system of evacuation of people from the saloon of a sinking car." Innotrans, no. 1 (2018): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2311-164x-2018-1-80-85.

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Connolly, Michael Gerard, Malachy J. O’Rourke, and Alojz Ivankovic. "A Drag Reduction Study on the Aerodynamics of the Irish Taxi Sign." Fluids 8, no. 9 (August 24, 2023): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids8090238.

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This comprehensive study focused on the standard taxi sign used in Ireland and its impact on drag production, fuel expenses, and CO2 emissions. Experimental analysis revealed that the conventional taxi sign significantly increased drag, especially when mounted on streamlined vehicles such as saloon cars, due to flow separation issues on the rear roof and rear windshield. Longitudinal reorientation of the sign offered a 14-fold reduction in drag increase compared to the traditional placement. It was found that positioning the sign in the middle of the roof offered the greatest fuel efficiency. Furthermore, the study estimated that implementing longitudinal repositioning on all Irish taxi signs could save drivers approximately EUR 832 per year and reduce national CO2 emissions by a substantial 22,464 tonnes annually. Comparative analyses with international taxi signs demonstrated that the Irish sign had significantly larger drag contributions, emphasizing the need for improved aerodynamics. To address the inherent drag issue, the study explored novel appendable devices and proposed alternative taxi sign designs. Among the tested solutions, a magnet-mounted front ramp proved the most effective, reducing total drag by nearly 30%. Additionally, a motorized flip-up taxi sign design demonstrated a remarkable 40% reduction in drag. Finally, a newly proposed taxi sign design, featuring longitudinal positioning and pointed triangular front and rear faces, resulted in a minimal 4.3% increase in vehicle drag compared to the baseline car.

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Puja, Ign Wiratmaja, T. Hardono, Khalid, and M. F. Adziman. "The Structural Impact Characteristics of Indonesian Railway Vehicle." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.337.

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The Indonesian railway transportation has adventages in term of capacity, efficiency, trafic, and safety compared to the other types of land transportations. At present, the Indonesian Railway Company has 519 locomotives, and 1643 passenger cars, that transport about 184 million man-trip each year[1,2]. Unfortunately, the rate of train collisions in Indonesian railway system was very high. In the last ten years, 2352 train accidents have happened which claimed 997 lives and left 2638 people injured. The record shows that 110 of those accidents were train to train collisions[1]. This paper consider the structural impact behavior of Indonesian passenger railway car subject to collision forces. This characteristic is very important parameter for passenger protection during the course of collision[3-5]. The vehicle structure should be able to absorb the huge impact energy or impact force to ensure the passenger safety[6-9]. The impact energy of cars-train is evaluated using the principle of multibody dynamics[10,11]. The vehicle structure under impact load is analyzed using the finite element method. The principal of symmetry is adopted, so the collision scene could be simulated as collision between the vehicle with a rigid wall. The analysis result shows that the structure is collapse at the passenger area (saloon) which is in agreement with the real collision. Modification is proposed to protect the passenger area by introducing crush zone area and impact energy absorber.

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Joseph Afolabi, Oluwaseyi, Olalekan Adedamola Oluwaji, and Temitayo Alice Onifade. "Transportation Factors in the Distribution of Agricultural Produce to Urban Center in Nigeria." LOGI - Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2018-0001.

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AbstractThis research analyzed the transportation factors in the distribution of agricultural produce in ljebu north local government area of Ogun State. A total of 100 questionnaires were randomly and purposively distributed to transporters in Ijebu North local government Area, while 95 were collected and analyzed. The field survey revealed that 94 of the respondents representing 98.9% are male, 1 of the respondents representing 1.1% is female. Estimated income of transport operators from field survey revealed that 16 of the respondent representing 16.8% earned below N5, 000, 11 of the respondent representing 11.6% earned between N5, 001 and N10,000, 35 of the respondent representing 36.8% earned between N10,001 and N20,000. 25(26.3%) earn between N20,001 and N30,000, 8(8.4%) earn above N30,000.Observation from the field survey also shown that 5(5.3%) transporter revealed that they operate with buses, 18(18.9%) transporters revealed that they operate with station wagon, 39(41.1%) transporters revealed that they operate with pick-up van, 20(21.1%) transporters revealed that they operate with saloon car while 13.7% transporters revealed that they operate with other means. Finding shows that combination of food crops, cash crops, tubers, poultry, fruits, vegetables and poultry product dominate Ijebu North Local Government Area in which farmers combined cultivation of those crops. Roads in the study area are in a deplorable condition, the type of vehicle used by farmers and traders depend on the volume of the agricultural produce.

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Deakin, Naomi, and Peter Hutchinson. "Data from an emerging UK sports concussion clinic; should athlete assessment be sports-specific?" Neurology 93, no. 14 Supplement 1 (September 30, 2019): S20.1—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000581024.66926.09.

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ObjectiveTo provide an overview of the Cambridge Sports Concussion Clinic; to investigate trends in patients’ neurocognition utilising assessment with the Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) as stratified by sport.BackgroundProfessional sporting litigation in the USA has brought to the fore the issue of sports concussion. Despite this, UK outpatient management remains in its infancy, with less than five centres offering specialised post-injury review. This poster presents data from the Cambridge Sports Concussion Clinic (CSCC), comparing ImPACT assessments across motorsport and rugby.Design/MethodsThe data is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database cohort, in which demographic, clinical and neurocognitive data are archived. The submission includes CSCC patients who attended Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge for clinical review June 2017-March 2019, who were diagnosed with concussion and completed an ImPACT assessment.Results36 post-injury reviews were completed across 19 clinical encounters with patients aged 15yrs+. 47% of athletes were injured during motorsport (saloon car, rally, motocross and single seater racing), 47% in rugby and 5% during equestrian activity. The majority were professional (47%) or competed in collegiate (21%) or high school (21%) competition with 1–13 years at their current sporting level (mean4.2 +/−SD 4.2 years). Only 22% of 18 patients were concussion-naïve prior to their current injury, with a range of 0–4 physician-confirmed diagnoses (1.7 +/− 1.3). Comparison of motorsport drivers versus rugby athletes reveals trends towards lower scores in ImPACT memory composite values (verbal F 0.57, t −1.4, p 0.15; memory F 2.1, t −0.9, p 0.37) and improved reaction time (F 3.3, t 1.8, p 0.08) with significant differences in visual motor speed (F 0.90, t−4.1, p < 0.001).ConclusionsPreliminary cross-sport analyses indicate that motorsport competitors have worse composite memory scores, better reaction times and significantly altered visual motor speed. These early data provide support for sports-specific approaches.

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Pinault, Steven C. "Safe Car Following (Vincent Salmon)." SIAM Review 30, no. 3 (September 1988): 507–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1030106.

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Wagner, Graham F., Ewa M. Jaworski, and Michel Haddad. "Stanniocalcin in the seawater salmon: structure, function, and regulation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): R1177—R1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.4.r1177.

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Stanniocalcin (STC) is a homodimeric glycoprotein hormone that was first discovered in fish, where it is produced by unique endocrine glands known as the corpuscles of Stannius (CS). In freshwater salmon, STC plays an integral role in Ca2+ and phosphate homeostasis. High levels of extracellular Ca2+promote the synthesis and release of STC, which on entering the bloodstream reduces the levels of gill and gut Ca2+ transport and renal phosphate excretion to restore normocalcemia. In this report, we have examined STC in seawater salmon. We have studied the distribution of STC protein and mRNA in marine Atlantic salmon CS cells, the responsiveness of these cells to Ca2+, and some physical properties of the hormone. Our results demonstrated that all Atlantic salmon CS cells expressed the STC gene. Furthermore, these cells exhibited a Ca2+ sensitivity that was remarkably similar to those in freshwater salmon in terms of its ability to stimulate STC secretion and gene expression. When Atlantic salmon glands were fractionated by concanavalin A (ConA)-Sepharose chromatography, two distinct forms of the hormone were identified, both of which were recognized by sockeye salmon STC antiserum, and designated as STC1 and STC2. STC1 was a glycosylated, 42-kDa disulfide-linked dimer, with a high affinity for ConA. STC2 did not bind to ConA, was 44 kDa in size, and had a different subunit structure. STC2 was also a less effective inhibitor of gill Ca2+ transport in fish. Collectively, the results suggest that there is a second form of STC in salmon.

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Ballester Cabo, Rosa. "La apuesta independiente de la animación europea, a través de El pan de la guerra." Con A de animación, no. 8 (March 1, 2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/caa.2018.9651.

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<p>El pan de la guerra (The Breadwinner, Nora Twomey, 2017) es una película irlandesa-canadiense de Cartoon Saloon, que ha tenido como productora ejecutiva a Angelina Jolie y Jordan Peele. La película está basada en la novela bestseller de Deborah Ellis, publicada en 2002, ganadora de varios premios literarios, y que se basó en numerosas entrevistas efectuadas a mujeres y niñas en los campamentos de refugiados de Pakistán y Rusia. El pan de la guerra relata la historia de Parvana, una chica afgana que durante el gobierno de los talibanes debe hacerse pasar por un chico para así mantener a su familia. La película de animación se estrenó en el Toronto International Film Festival de 2017, y ha sido nominada al Oscar® a la Mejor Película de Animación 2018. Para el siguiente artículo hemos contado con una de las diseñadoras y artistas de concepto de Cartoon Saloon, la valenciana Rosa Ballester, que nos explica su proceso de producción en conversación con Nora Twomey (directora del film) y Fabian Erlinghäuser (director de animación).</p>

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Leung, F. C., M. Welt, R. D. Quesenberry, and X.-Z. Shen. "DNA Fingerprinting and Cloning of Hypervariable Minisatellite Repeats in Salmonids." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, S1 (December 19, 1994): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-312.

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We used heterologous Jeffreys' 33.6 core sequence and microsatellites (CAC)5 and (CA)12 as probes and compared them with probes based on the minisatellite sequences from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in fingerprinting assays. DNA fingerprints generated with the Jeffreys' 33.6 core sequence and the microsatellite (CAC)5 and (CA)12 probes showed complex profiles with high background, but DNA fingerprints using the tilapia and Atlantic salmon probes showed clear, less complex, informative, individual-specific DNA fingerprints suitable for analysis. We cloned and sequenced homologous repetitive sequences using a novel approach of creating a chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) genomic DNA library with enriched low Cot DNA repeats for the development of DNA probes. The four types of repeats identified and sequenced were (CT)n and three Alu-like sequences. We generated DNA fingerprints using one of the minisatellite sequences as a probe. This minisatellite sequence was shown to be species specific because it is abundant in chinook and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) genomes, but not in Atlantic salmon. These probes will provide us with the tools to study pedigree and linkage analysis, paternity testing, breeding programs, and the analysis of genetic structure within populations for aquaculture and fisheries research.

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Давыдов, V. Davydov, Ворожнин, Vladimir Vorozhnin, Трофименко, Yuri Trofimenko, Зубова, and S. Zubova. "Air Purification Efficiency Assessment on Large City’s Street Road Network by Green Plantings and Photocatalytic Cleaners." Safety in Technosphere 3, no. 6 (December 23, 2014): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6639.

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Methods for organization of air purification on Yekaterinburg city’s street road network are considered.Air pollution by motor transport and a polluting substances stream to the car salon are estimated with a use of the received consistent patterns, dispersive models, transport streams’ characteristics, and data on current weather conditions. On a streams’ balance basis a permissible density of cars (on the non-exceedance of CO maximum permissible threshold) on the city’s territory (no more than 12-12.5 cars/sq. km) taking into account their emissions and work of photocatalytic cleaners in vehicles’ salons and photocatalytic coverings on the street road network surfaces (acoustic screens, sidewalks, buildings), and also due to processing of the polluting substances by different types of wood vegetation (protective forest strips, parks and forest parks) has been established. It has been defined that the removal of CO by means of available city vegetation is equivalent to additional presence on the city’s streets of 0.2-0.4 % of cars of the operated transport’s total number without air deterioration. A necessary area of an active surface for photocatalytic cleaners in the car salon (0.1 sq. m), bus salon (0.5 sq. m), and also a width of protecting surfaces with the deposited photocatalytic coverings near the pedestrian zone (5m) are estimated in this work. It has been established that sharing of the considered cleaning methods is capable to lead to annual decrease of carbon oxide from 0.14 to 6 %, and nitrogen oxides from 0.15 to 5.78 % in average concentration around the city.

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Sokol, V. K. "Characteristics of bodily injuries of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities in car trauma." Morphologia 14, no. 4 (September 25, 2021): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.72-78.

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Background. Fractures of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities as a result of a road traffic accident are the most frequent localization of injuries in victims, however, the structure of pedestrian and intra-salon injuries has not been sufficiently studied. Objective - to study the nature of injuries in victims of a car injury to the pelvic girdle and lower extremities. Methods. Research material - 170 acts of primary forensic medical examinations of victims with fractures of the pelvic bones and long bones of the lower extremities, received as a result of a non-lethal automobile injury. An expert assessment of the nature of bodily injuries was carried out at the Kharkiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medicine (KRBSFM) within a period of no more than 1 month after injury. Acts of primary forensic medical examinations were selected at random for the period February - June 2018. Research methods - retrospective analysis, descriptive statistics. Results. Among the injured as a result of a car injury - 129 (75.9%) pedestrians, 23 (13.5%) drivers, 14 (8.2%) front seat passengers and 4 (2.4%) rear seat passengers. Thus, pedestrians and car drivers are the most vulnerable to road traffic injuries; the most protected rear seat passengers. Men predominated among the drivers; in the remaining groups of victims, the gender distribution was generally even. Among the participants in the accident were mainly people of working age. Injuries to the chest (26.5%), head (25.9%), abdomen (16.5%) prevailed among the associated injuries. Conclusion. A distinctive feature of injuries sustained as a result of a collision of a pedestrian or a car with another car with a relatively low speed of movement was an isolated injury to the bones of the pelvic girdle or lower extremities, both during pedestrian and intra-salon trauma. All the victims had injuries of the integumentary system of various localization in the form of subcutaneous hematomas and abrasions (158; 92.9%), bruised lacerations (96; 56.5%), stamp injuries (62; 36.5%). The main mechanism of pedestrian injury is the direct impact of the traumatic force with the formation of primary injuries in the form of bumper fractures of the shin bones (35.9%), hip (22.4%) and pelvis (10%).

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Lu, M., P. Swanson, and J. L. Renfro. "Effect of somatolactin and related hormones on phosphate transport by flounder renal tubule primary cultures." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 268, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): R577—R582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.3.r577.

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Winter flounder renal proximal tubule primary monolayer cultures mounted in Ussing chambers were used to determine the effect of salmon somatolactin (sSL) on transepithelial Pi and Ca2+ transport. sSL stimulated Pi reabsorption in a dose-dependent manner at physiological levels of the hormone (12.5 ng/ml). Net Pi transport was significantly altered by sSL (200 ng/ml) within 2 h after the initial exposure. Ca2+ fluxes were unchanged by the addition of 200 ng/ml sSL. The sSL-induced Pi reabsorption was abolished by 10 microM H-89, a highly specific protein kinase A inhibitor. Moreover the production and release of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate were significantly increased after 1 and 2 h of exposure to sSL. The data indicate that sSL directly stimulates net renal Pi reabsorption by an adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent pathway. In addition to sSL, flounder SL and rat prolactin greatly, and salmon growth hormone (2.3 micrograms/ml) slightly, increased net Pi reabsorptive flux, whereas salmon prolactin had no effect.

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Dove, Rita. "First Contact: (Ignaz Schuppanzigh’s apartments. A musical salon.)." Callaloo 31, no. 3 (2008): 688–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.0.0211.

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Rita Dove. "First Contact: (Ignaz Schuppanzigh’s apartments. A musical salon.)." Callaloo 31, no. 3 (2008): 688–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.0.0231.

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Anttila, Katja, Anthony P. Farrell, David A. Patterson, Scott G. Hinch, and Erika J. Eliason. "Cardiac SERCA activity in sockeye salmon populations: an adaptive response to migration conditions." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0334.

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We show that cardiac sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity differs considerably among sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations. Variability in SERCA activity was significantly correlated with elevation gain and temperature during migration, as well as maximum cardiac stroke volume. Furthermore, because SERCA activity was not lowered during the spawning migration, this aspect of the cardiac contraction machinery is apparently spared during the senescence of these semelparous salmon, likely because it is essential for these fish to complete spawning. Only when spawning had been completed was there a significant reduction in SERCA activity, which was detectable in males at a 25 °C and in females at a 15 °C assay temperature. Hence, we propose that migration conditions act as a strong selective force that has resulted in local adaptation of myocardial SERCA activity among sockeye salmon populations.

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Li, Peilun, Wei Liu, Wanqiao Lu, and Jilong Wang. "Biochemical indices, gene expression, and SNPs associated with salinity adaptation in juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) as determined by comparative transcriptome analysis." PeerJ 10 (September 12, 2022): e13585. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13585.

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Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) migrate from freshwater to saltwater, and incur developmental, physiological and molecular adaptations as the salinity changes. The molecular regulation for salinity adaptation in chum salmon is currently not well defined. In this study, 1-g salmon were cultured under 0 (control group, D0), 8‰ (D8), 16‰ (D16), and 24‰ (D24) salinity conditions for 42 days. Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activities in the gill first increased and then decreased in response to higher salinity environments where D8 exhibited the highest Na+/K+ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activity and D24 exhibited the lowest. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was elevated in all salinity treatment groups relative to controls, while no significant difference in acid phosphatase (ACP) activity was observed across treatment groups. De novo transcriptome sequencing in the D0 and D24 groups using RNA-Seq analysis identified 187,836 unigenes, of which 2,143 were differentially expressed in response to environmental salinity (71 up-regulated and 2,072 down-regulated). A total of 56,020 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also identified. The growth, development, osmoregulation and maturation factors of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (nmdas) expressed in memory formation, as well as insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) and igf-binding proteins (igfbps) were further investigated using targeted qRT-PCR. The lowest expression of all these genes occurred in the low salinity environments (D8 or D16), while their highest expression occurred in the high salinity environments (D24). These results provide preliminary insight into salinity adaptation in chum salmon and a foundation for the development of marker-assisted breeding for this species.

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Lacroix, Gilles L. "Plasma ionic composition of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in some acidic rivers of Nova Scotia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 2254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-334.

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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts migrating from two acidic rivers (pH 4.9 and 5.2) had high hematocrit levels (> 50%) and low plasma [Cl−] (< 100mequiv. L−1). The hematocrit level was 10% higher and plasma [Na+] was 17% lower in smolts of the more acidic of the two rivers. Salmon parr in rivers of mean pH 5.0, 5.4, and 6.0 over a 7-month period had high hematocrit levels (> 40%) and low plasma [Cl−] (< 125 mequiv. L−1). Plasma [Na+] and [Cl] were both slightly less (~ 5%) and plasma [K+] was higher (> 1.5 times) in parr from the river of pH 5.0 than in those from the other two rivers. Atlantic salmon smolts were more sensitive to low pH (plasma [Na+] 14% less, [Cl] 17% less, and hematocrit level 37% higher) than parr, and parr of the 0+ age-class were more sensitive (plasma [Na+] 9% less) than 1+ parr. Prespawning white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) and alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) migrating in a river at pH 4.9 had high hematocrit levels and low plasma [Cl−], and alewives (hematocrit, 66%; plasma [Cl], 65 mequiv. L−1) were more severely affected than suckers (hematocrit, 42%; plasma [Cl−], 91 mequiv. L−1). Plasma [Ca2+] in females of both species was not greatly elevated relative to males (female/male [Ca2+] = 1.21 in suckers and 1.14 in alewives), suggesting a possible impairment of calcium metabolism associated with ovarian development. The physiological effects observed in fish inhabiting soft waters (external [Ca2+] < 0.10 mequiv. L−1) at pH levels of about 5.0 generally correlated well with the laboratory "models" of acid exposure in soft water.

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Nuttall, Sarah, and Achille Mbembe. "Afropolis: From Johannesburg." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 122, no. 1 (January 2007): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2007.122.1.281.

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On saturdays we sometimes drive across the city to buy fish. We stand at the counter and try to choose fresh fish in a land-locked city—pink salmon, gray sole, yellow kabeljou, silver red roman. Delicious fish, at least six hours from the nearest coast. After that, we're back in the car, on the road. If we take the highway around the city, we see the mine dumps, man-made hills of gold dust, yellow in the winter sun, relics of the old gold mines on which this city was founded, heaving earth to the surface, the debris of wealth extraction. From all around, among and beyond the gold dumps, the city rises.

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Collings, Robert. "Reflections On Mr. Twain." After Dinner Conversation 3, no. 9 (2022): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc20223986.

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Is it okay to lie when the only thing you are hurting is a corporation? If lying is an understood part of the game, is it dishonest to lie? In this work of philosophical short story fiction about an insurance claim, the narrator finds his car in the shop. As such, he spends several weeks getting a ride to work from his chatting friend, Sandy. On the fateful day of the story, they also pick up an additional person who gets a ride to work and sits in the back of the car. The way to work, while at the gas station, an elderly woman slowly backs into their car. The blinker light glass breaks but the car, and the occupants, are otherwise uninjured. A few days later Sandy starts acting strange and work. Eventually, he is put on permanent disability leave at 80% pay. Life goes on until, almost two years later, the narrator is contacted by Mr. Salamon, the claims adjusted for the elderly woman’s insurance company. In short, Sandy is asking the insurance company to pay him $10 million, but he will settle for $7 million. The narrator in the backseat, amazed by this, finds out the back seat passenger settled for $50,000 for his “injuries.” The narrator has a change of heart, and suddenly feels “injured.”

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Busto Algarín, Antonio Jesús. "La experiencia de animadores españoles creando anime en Japón. Entrevista con Abel Góngora." Con A de animación, no. 9 (March 14, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/caa.2019.11332.

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<p>Abel Góngora (Barcelona, 1983) estudió en la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universitat Politècnica de València y se especializó en animación. Ha trabajado para prestigiosos estudios de animación de todo el mundo: su primer año laboral lo desarrolla en Irlanda, en Cartoon Saloon; durante cinco años en Francia trabaja para el famoso estudio de coproducción franco-japonesa Ankama, concretamente para la serie Wakfu (2008-); desde entonces, los últimos cinco años hasta la actualidad ha continuado su carrera como supervisor de animación y animador Flash en Science Saru, el estudio del famoso director japonés Masaaki Yuasa, participando en las famosas series anime como Shin Chan (Yoshito Usui, 1992-) y Devilman: Crybaby (Masaaki Yuasa, 2018-), aunque también películas anime como Lu over the Wall (Masaaki Yuasa, 2017) y Night Is Short, Walk on Girl (Masaaki Yuasa, 2017); además de proyectos de Cartoon Network como OK K.O.! Let’s Be Heroes (Ian Jones-Quartey, 2017-), diversos episodios de Hora de Aventuras (Adventure Time, Pendleton Ward, 2010-2018) e incluso otro tipo de encargos para anuncios publicitarios de Disney Channel. En esta entrevista Abel Góngora nos cuenta su apasionante experiencia profesional.</p>

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30

Wagner, GF, EM Jaworski, and DP Radman. "Salmon calcitonin inhibits whole body Ca2+ uptake in young rainbow trout." Journal of Endocrinology 155, no. 3 (December 1, 1997): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1550459.

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Gill Ca2+ transport (GCAT) in fish is regulated by a number of different hormones. Stanniocalcin (STC) from the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) is an inhibitor of GCAT, whereas pituitary-derived prolactin and cortisol stimulate GCAT. Other than this, however, little is known about the effects of other hormones on this important transport process. The role of calcitonin (CT) in calcium homeostasis in fish is still controversial. Whereas many studies have shown significant effects of CT on plasma calcium levels, an equal number of studies have failed to find any correlations between plasma calcium and CT levels in fish. Previous in vitro studies have shown that salmon CT has potent inhibitory effects on GCAT in isolated, perfused fish gill preparations, a finding that has never been corroborated in vivo. Therefore, in this report we examined the effects of salmon CT on whole body 45Ca uptake (as a measure of GCAT) in young rainbow trout. In support of the in vitro findings, we found that CT had significant inhibitory effects on GCAT. In parallel studies, we found that CT had no effects on STC secretion and only modest, stimulatory effects on STC mRNA levels in cultured trout CS cells. These finding suggest that both CT and STC function as negative regulators of GCAT in fish.

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31

Anttila, Katja, Matti Järvilehto, and Satu Mänttäri. "Ca2+ handling and oxidative capacity are greatly impaired in swimming muscles of hatchery-reared versus wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-142.

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The swimming capacity of fish is strongly associated with muscle performance, although the prerequisites for effective movements have not been fully described at the molecular level. To compare the condition of swimming musculature of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with that of wild fish, we analyzed the relative level of two excitation–contraction coupling components (i.e., dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) and ryanodine receptor (RyR)) and the oxidative capacity of muscles with histochemical and Western blot methods. The density of DHPR and RyR was considerably higher in swimming muscles of wild fingerlings (age 0+) (109.8% and 123.3% in red muscle; 128.6% and 186.0% in white muscle, respectively) and yearlings (age 1+) (153.5% and 459.1% in red muscle; 131.2% and 858.4% in white muscle) as compared with those in reared fish. Similar difference was also observed in the oxidative capacity of muscles. Moreover, the oxidative activity correlated positively with the level of DHPR and RyR. Our data indicate that calcium handling, as well as oxidative capacity of swimming muscles of reared salmon, is clearly separable from the corresponding capacities of wild fish. We suggest that the observed alteration is a major contributing factor to the well-documented differences in swimming ability between wild and hatchery-reared salmon.

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32

Parenteau, William. "Fish, Law, and Colonialism: The Legal Capture of Salmon in British Columbia (review)." Canadian Historical Review 86, no. 1 (2005): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/can.2005.0082.

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Nevitt, G. A., and W. J. Moody. "An electrophysiological characterization of ciliated olfactory receptor cells of the coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch." Journal of Experimental Biology 166, no. 1 (May 1, 1992): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.166.1.1.

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Electrical properties of ciliated olfactory receptor cells isolated from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were studied using the whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp recording technique. 1. Voltage-dependent currents could be separated into two inward and three outward conductances, including a Na+ current, Ca2+ current and three K+ currents. 2. The components of the outward current varied with the life stage of the salmon from which cells had been isolated. In cells isolated from juvenile fish (parr), a Ca(2+)-dependent K+ current dominated the outward current, whereas in cells isolated from older fish (i.e. fish that had undergone smoltification), a transient K+ current became prominent. 3. Differences in response characteristics of outward currents to internal dialysis with cyclic GMP (but not cyclic AMP) were also correlated to the life stage of salmon. Under conditions in which the Ca(2+)-activated current was blocked, relaxation of the outward current was slowed by dialysis with cyclic GMP only in cells isolated from smolts and sea-run fish, but not in those isolated from mature spawners. 4. From these results, we suggest that hormone modulation of olfactory receptor cell development or differentiation may play a role in establishing these differences.

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MacEachern, Alan Andrew. "Lost Land of Moses: The Age of Discovery on New Brunswick's Salmon Rivers (review)." Canadian Historical Review 85, no. 1 (2004): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/can.2004.0033.

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35

Haneda, Kosuke, and Yoshitaka Oka. "Selective Modulation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in the Terminal Nerve Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons of a Teleost, the Dwarf Gourami (Colisa lalia)." Endocrinology 145, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 4489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-0353.

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Abstract GnRH neurons in the terminal nerve (TN) have been suggested to function as a neuromodulatory system that regulates long-lasting changes in the animal behavior. Here we examined electrophysiological properties of TN-GnRH neurons in a teleost (dwarf gourami, Colisa lalia), focusing on the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, which are thought to be coupled to several cellular events such as GnRH release. TN-GnRH neurons showed low-voltage activated (LVA) currents and three types of pharmacologically distinct high-voltage activated (HVA) currents. The L- and N-type currents constituted 30.7 ± 3.1 and 41.0 ± 3.9%, respectively, of HVA currents, which was recorded at the holding potential of −60 mV to inactivate the LVA currents. Although P/Q-type current was small and negligible, R-type current accounted for the remaining 23.6 ± 1.6% of HVA currents. Next we examined the possibility of Ca2+ channel modulation induced by GnRH released in a paracrine/autocrine manner. HVA currents of up to 40% was inhibited by the application of salmon GnRH, which is the same molecular species of GnRH as is synthesized by TN-GnRH neurons themselves. However, salmon GnRH had no measurable effects on LVA currents. The inhibition of HVA currents had a dose dependence (EC50 was 11.5 nm) and type specificity among different HVA currents; N- and R-type currents were preferentially inhibited, but L-type currents had by far lower sensitivity. The physiological significance of different Ca2+ influx pathways, and their paracrine/autocrine regulation mechanisms in TN-GnRH neurons are discussed.

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36

Uchida, Katsuhisa, Sanae Hasegawa, and Toyoji Kaneko. "Effects of a low-Ca2+ environment on branchial chloride cell morphology in chum salmon fry and immunolocalization of Ca2+-ATPase in chloride cells." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 1100–1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-090.

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To clarify the involvement of branchial chloride cells in Ca2+ uptake in fresh water (FW), chloride-cell morphology was compared in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) fry acclimated to defined FWs with different Ca2+ concentrations (0, 0.1, and 0.5 mM). Using immunocytochemical staining with an antiserum specific for Na+,K+-ATPase, chloride cells were detected in both filament and lamellar epithelia. The numbers and sizes of chloride cells in the lamellar epithelia were greater in the low-Ca2+ groups (0 and 0.1 mM Ca2+) than in the normal-Ca2+ groups (0.5 mM Ca2+ and normal FW), whereas filament chloride cells were not affected in number or size by the environmental Ca2+ concentration. Electron-microscope observations also revealed that enlarged lamellar chloride cells were more frequently observed in the 0 mM Ca2+ group than in the 0.5 mM Ca2+ group. To obtain morphological evidence for Ca2+ uptake through the branchial epithelia, cellular localization of Ca2+-ATPase was examined with a monoclonal antibody specific for human erythrocyte Ca2+-ATPase. Ca2+-ATPase immunoreactivity was detected in Na+,K+-ATPase-immunoreactive chloride cells in both filament and lamellar epithelia. Using electron-microscope immunocytochemistry, Ca2+-ATPase was found to be localized in the tubular system, which is continuous with the basolateral membrane of chloride cells. These findings indicate that chloride cells in the lamellar epithelia activated by a low Ca2+ concentration may constitute the extra Ca2+ and NaCl uptake capacity required to maintain homeostasis in soft water.

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Sugimoto, Takeshi, Ryohei Deguchi, and Masanori Komura. "F503 Japanese localization of OSS CAE "Salome-Meca"." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2012.25 (2012): _F—81_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2012.25._f-81_.

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38

Coxam, Véronique, Marie-Jeanne Davicco, Denis Durand, Dominique Bauchart, and Jean-Pierre Barlet. "Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin may modulate hepatic IGF-I production in calves." Acta Endocrinologica 123, no. 4 (October 1990): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1230471.

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Abstract. Four young milk-fed calves were fitted with catheters chronically implanted in the mesenteric, portal and hepatic veins and in the hepatic artery, and with electromagnetic blood flow probes in the portal vein and hepatic artery, allowing continuous measurement of IGF-I hepatic production. According to a latin square design, these calves received iv mesenteric infusion of calcium (Ca2+; 5 mg/kg) or synthetic salmon calcitonin (sCT; 1 μg/kg), or synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone (1-34) (bPTH; 1 μg/kg), or solvent alone (1.2 ml/kg). Ca2+, sCT or bPTH had no significant effect on portal vein or hepatic artery blood flow. Hypercalcemia observed following Ca2+ infusion did not significantly modify hepatic IGF-I production. sCT decreased plasma Ca2+, inorganic phosphorus and GH concentrations and hepatic IGF-I production. bPTH induced a slight hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. It had no significant effect on plasma GH concentration, but increased significantly hepatic IGF-I production. Thus, the anabolic effects of PTH on bone may be partly mediated through an increase in hepatic IGF-I production.

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39

González Santander, R., M. V. Toledo Lobo, F. J. Martínez Alonso, G. Martínez Cuadrado, M. González-Santander Martínez, and M. Monteagudo. "Calcitonin effects on myoblasts: an ultrastructural study." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 910–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100140920.

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Several studies have provided detailed descriptions about the effects of calcitonin (CT) on different cell types such as osteoclasts, multinucleate giant cells and trophoblastic cells. CT main role is associated with the maintenance of peripheral Ca2+ homeostasis and it may also modulate free intracellular Ca2+. Myoblasts are particularly sensitive to changes in extra and intracellular Ca2+ concentration, so we have studied CT effects on myotome myoblasts differentiation.Chick embryos from 56-59 h. of incubation (Hamburger and Hamilton stages 16-17) were injected with 0,25 IU of CT dissolved in 125 ul of 0,9 % sterile saline solution (CALSYNAR-50, from Rorer Labs.- synthetic lyophilized salmon CT made by Armour Pharmaceutical Co., Kankakee, Illinois, USA). CT was injected into the ammniotic cavity through a window in the egg shell. Afterwards, the window was closed and the eggs returned into the incubator, until embryos had incubated for 103 h., to reach H.H. stage 24. Some embryos were only injected with saline solution (controls).

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40

Alves, Aline da S., Francisco de A. de Oliveira, Daisy D. da Silva, Sandy T. dos Santos, Renata R. T. Oliveira, and Helena M. de M. N. Góis. "Production and quality of mini watermelon under salt stress and K+/Ca2+ ratios." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 27, no. 6 (June 2023): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n6p441-446.

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ABSTRACT Nutritional management can be an efficient strategy to mitigate the effects of salinity on fruit production and quality. This study aimed to evaluate the production and quality of fruits of mini watermelon crop, Sugar Baby cultivar, grown in a protected environment, under salt stress and K+/Ca2+ ratios. The study was carried out in a greenhouse, using a randomized block design, 1 + 5 scheme, resulting in six treatments and four replications. Six nutrient solutions were employed, one using low-salinity water, with NaCl (0.5 dS m-1) and standard nutrient solution (S1, control treatment), and the others using salinized water at 5.0 dS m-1 (S2) and extra addition of K (S3 = 50% and S4 = 100%) and Ca (S5 = 50% and S6 = 100%). The production (fruit production, longitudinal and transverse diameter of fruit, rind thickness, pulp firmness) and postharvest quality (soluble solids, vitamin C, titratable acidity, and maturation index), in addition to the variables related to the color of the pulp (lightness, chroma index, and Hue angle) were evaluated. The addition of NaCl reduced fruit production, longitudinal, and transverse diameter of fruit, rind thickness, and vitamin C content. Among saline nutrient solutions, extra addition of 50% K (S3) attenuates the deleterious effects of salt stress on the production variables and vitamin C content. Under salt stress, extra addition of 50% K (S3) and 100% Ca (S6) intensifies the red color of the pulp.

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41

Pangestu, Valentina, Gervasius Herry Purwoko, and Stephanus Evert Indrawan. "PERANCANGAN KAFE BAPAK DI SIDOARJO." AKSEN 4, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.37715/aksen.v4i1.1035.

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Proyek akhir perancangan Kafe Bapak merupakan proyek desain interior dan eksterior pada bangunan yang terletak di Jalan Letjen sutoyo no. 3, Waru, Sidoarjo. Perancangan ini dilatar belakangi oleh keinginan klien untuk membuat sebuah bangunan multibisnis yang unik, cozy, dan artful. Adapun tujuan dibangunnya Kafe Bapak yaitu sebagai sarana penyedia layanan yang masih sulit ditemui pada daerah tersebut, diantaranya kafe, car wash, salon & reflexology, dan multi function hall. Perancangan ini bertujuan menjawab keinginan klien serta memberi solusi atas permasalahan yang terdapat pada bangunan eksisting proyek. Konsep yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan problem terinspirasi dari bentuk kurva melengkung yang terdapat pada bagian tengah biji kopi. Kurva ini kemudian diaplikasikan pada penataan layout dan pelingkup secara tiga dimensi. Ruang-ruang dalam Kafe Bapak diorganisasi sesuai kedekatan fungsi, sehingga membuat pola sirkulasi yang efisien bagi penggunanya. Dalam perancangan ini material - finishing pelingkup dan isi ruang yang dipilih merupakan bahan-bahan yang ramah lingkungan dan pengguna.

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42

Godiksen, Helene, and Flemming Jessen. "Temperature and Ca2+-dependence of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase in haddock, salmon, rainbow trout and zebra cichlid." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 133, no. 1 (September 2002): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1096-4959(02)00103-3.

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43

Qing, Xiaoping, Gloria C. Koo, Stephen Tomlinson, and Jane E. Salmon. "Complement components modulate activation of mouse NK cells (134.67)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 134.67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.134.67.

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Abstract Activation of TLR pathway and complement cascade are two critical defense mechanisms of the innate immune system recently found to interact and influence effector cell function. Natural killer (NK) cells, essential participants in anti-viral and anti-tumor responses, are activated by TLR-3, -4, -7, and -9 pathways via priming by dendritic cells. It is not known whether products of complement activation influence NK cell responses. To examine this possibility, we analyzed NK cell activation in mice lacking complement components or their receptors. Splenocytes from C3-/- mice had significantly more IFN-ã positive NK cells than C3+/+ mice (2-4 fold higher, P<0.01-0.05) when stimulated with PMA and ionomycin, or with TLR agonists: poly I:C (TLR3), Imiquinoid (TLR7), and LPS (TLR4). Increased NK cell activation by Poly IC was also evident in mice lacking C3a and C5a receptors (C3aR-/- 33%, C5aR-/- 45% vs. BALB/c WT 23% p<0.05). Furthermore, intravenous injection of CR2-Crry, an inhibitor of C3 convertase targeted to the sites of complement activation, markedly enhanced IFN-ã production in NK cells in response to poly I:C (CR2-Crry 35% vs PBS 17%, p<0.01). Our results indicate that NK cell activation was negatively regulated by complement components. Blockade of complement activation is a potential therapy to amplify NK cell responses and promote enhanced host defense against viral infections and tumors. This study is supported by NIH grant R01AI055007 awarded to Dr Jane Salmon.

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Lacroix, Gilles L., D. James Gordon, and Dana J. Johnston. "Effects of Low Environmental pH on the Survival, Growth, and ionic Composition of Postemergent Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-098.

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Postemergent Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were reared during the early feeding phase in the soft, acidic water of the Westfield River (mean pH 5.0) in Nova Scotia. The fry were held in a flow-through system of tanks in situ and were fed a hatchery diet. Bioassays were also conducted in river water treated with limestone (mean pH 6.1) to provide a control. Cumulative mortality of fry after 30 d in the tanks was 70% at pH 5.0 and only 4% at pH 6.1. Fry in untreated river water were inactive, ingested little food, and lost weight (approximately 25%) during the first 15 d of exposure. Large increases in body [Ca2+] and [Na+] were observed in fry at both pH levels during that time, but the increase in [Ca2+] lagged and that in [Na+] was less in fry at low pH. Deaths occurred 15–30 d after swim-up and dead fry were all severely emaciated, indicating that deaths were probably from starvation. Although there were differences in ionic composition changes in fry held at pH 5.0 compared with control, no major depletion of body ionic reserves occurred relative to initial concentrations. Surviving fry at pH 5.0 developed a tolerance after 25 d and had growth rates, condition factors, and ionic concentrations similar to those of fry in treated water. The mortality of fry during the transition to exogenous feeding, in response to low pH stress in soft water, is probably responsible for reduced recruitment and the decline or loss of salmon stocks in this and other acidic rivers of Nova Scotia.

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Ródenas García, Juan Fernando. "Antonio Bonet and Josep Puig Torné. Triangular Patterns in Cap de Salou." Ra. Revista de Arquitectura 17 (December 22, 2015): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/014.17.57-64.

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46

Force, T., J. V. Bonventre, M. R. Flannery, A. H. Gorn, M. Yamin, and S. R. Goldring. "A cloned porcine renal calcitonin receptor couples to adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 262, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): F1110—F1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1992.262.6.f1110.

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The signal transduction pathways of the recently cloned porcine kidney calcitonin (CT) receptor were evaluated. This receptor, when stably transfected into MC-3T3 cells, avidly bound salmon CT (SCT) [dissociation constant (Kd) = 4 nM]. Incubation with SCT resulted in a dose-dependent accumulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) [50% effective concentration (EC50) = 0.02 nM] in transfected cells (referred to as PC-1 cells). Binding kinetics and cAMP dose response relationships were similar to those of the native receptor in LLC-PK1 cells. PC-1 cells also responded to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), but the EC50 value for cAMP accumulation was more than three orders of magnitude higher than for SCT. Exposure of PC-1 cells to SCT (5 nM to 1 microM) produced a dose-dependent rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), whereas CGRP did not. The initial rise in [Ca2+]i was not dependent on extracellular Ca2+, suggesting that SCT induced release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. SCT also increased inositol trisphosphate production in PC-1 cells. In conclusion, the cloned, transfected porcine CT receptor functionally couples to and activates both adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C. This dual coupling is also a characteristic of the parathyroid hormone receptor, which has significant homology in amino acid sequence with the CT receptor.

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47

Cabrera-Vega, Elani J., Georgina Alarcón-Ángeles, Martín Gómez Hernández, Gonzalo Campillo-Alvarado, and Marcela Hurtado Y De la Peña. "Design of a DNA-Based Biomaterial by Sol-Gel Method: Application for the Recognition of Albendazole Sulfoxide." MRS Advances 4, no. 64 (2019): 3537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.417.

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ABSTRACTWe describe the use of immobilized deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in a silica matrix as a biorecognition agent for the detection of albendazole sulfoxide (ASU), the primary metabolite of albendazole and a suspected teratogenic and embryotoxic agent. The biomaterial (DNA-containing gel) was synthesized by physical entrapment of salmon sperm in an inorganic silicate matrix by the sol-gel method. Functionality of the DNA-containing gel was evaluated by comparative offline frontal chromatography followed by HPLC analysis of ASU and caffeine (CAF, control) using DNA-containing gel and DNA-free gel. The DNA-containing gel showed relatively high specific retention for ASU, while CAF showed no retention using frontal analysis. We anticipate that the DNA-containing gel can be implemented to identify the interactions of DNA with other active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their metabolites in a readily available, sensitive and selective frontal chromatography experiment.

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Bjerselius, Rickard, Svante Winberg, Yvonne Winberg, and Katarina Zeipel. "Ca2+ protects olfactory receptor function against acute Cu(II) toxicity in Atlantic salmon." Aquatic Toxicology 25, no. 1-2 (March 1993): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445x(93)90024-u.

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CUSKEY, J., L. DUBOIS, and L. DUBUSKE. "359 Induction of urticaria and angioedema (UR/AE) by synthetic salmon calcitonin (CAL)." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 87, no. 1 (January 1991): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(91)91642-7.

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Lock, E. J., R. Ørnsrud, L. Aksnes, F. A. T. Spanings, R. Waagbø, and G. Flik. "The vitamin D receptor and its ligand 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)." Journal of Endocrinology 193, no. 3 (June 2007): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-06-0198.

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Seaward migration of Salmo salar is preceded by preparatory physiological adaptations (parr–smolt transformation) to allow for a switch from freshwater (FW) to seawater (SW), which also means a switch in ambient calcium from hypocalcic (<1 mM Ca2+) to the plasma (~1.25 mM Ca2+) and to strongly hypercalcic (8–12 mM Ca2+). Uptake, storage (skeleton, scales) and excretion of calcium need careful regulation. In fish, the vitamin D endocrine system plays a rather enigmatic role in calcium physiology. Here, we give direct evidence for calcitriol involvement in SW migration. We report the full sequence of the nuclear vitamin D receptor (sVDR0) and two alternatively spliced variants resulting from intron retention (sVDR1 and sVDR2). In FW parr, SW adapting smolts, and in SW adults, plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 did not change significantly. Plasma calcitriol concentrations were lowest in FW parr, doubled during smoltification and remained elevated in SW adults. Increased calcitriol coincided with a twofold decrease in sVDR mRNA levels in gill, intestine, and kidney of FW smolts and SW adults, when compared with parr. Clearly, there was a negative feedback and dynamic response of the vitamin D endocrine system during parr–smolt transformation. The onset of these dynamic changes in FW parr warrants a further search for the endocrines that initiate these changes. We speculate that the vitamin D system plays a crucial role in calcium and phosphorus handling in Atlantic salmon.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SALOON CAR'

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