Journal articles: 'Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028'

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Sophian, Alfi, Ratna Purwaningsih, Muindar Muindar, Eka Putri Juniarti Igirisa, and Muhammad Luthfi Amirullah. "Use of Direct PCR Technique Without DNA Extraction in Confirmation Test for Salmonella typhimurium Bacteria on Meatball Samples." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 4, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v4i4.2187.

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The use of direct PCR technique without DNA extraction in the confirmation test for Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 bacteria on meatball samples was carried out in the Food and Drug molecular biology testing laboratory Administration in Gorontalo. The basis of this research is to have an impact on economic value in carrying out the confirmation test for S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, where testing is carried out conventionally, namely DNA extraction, which requires a large amount of money. Hence, it is necessary to innovate to modify the testing phase so that it is more effective and efficient. The purpose of this study was to see whether the direct PCR technique without DNA extraction can be done for the confirmation test of S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 on meatball samples. This study's sample consisted of 20 types of meatball samples spiked with S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 cultures. The method used in this study was qPCR analysis using the SYBR Green method. Data analysis was carried out based on 2 main criteria: (1) Ct analysis and (2) Tm analysis. Real-time PCR analysis results obtained Ct values in the range 14.14 - 15.20 with an average of 14.82 and Tm values 85.20 - 86.30 with an average of 85.79. Based on these data, it can be concluded that using direct PCR can be used for testing confirmation of S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 on meatball samples.

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Sophian, Alfi, Ratna Purwaningsih, Muindar Muindar, Eka Putri Juniarti Igirisa, and Muhammad Luthfi Amirullah. "Detection of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 in Powder Prepared Traditional Medicines Using Real-Time PCR." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v4i3.1838.

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The detection of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 using real-time PCR on powdered traditional medicinal products was carried out in the microbiology and molecular biology testing laboratory of the Food and Drug Administration in Gorontalo. This research aims to provide a reference for alternative testing methods in testing the products of traditional powder preparations on the market. The sample consisted of 10 traditional powder preparations spiked with positive control of S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 phase 2. The method used in the study was real-time PCR analysis using the SYBR® Green method, while DNA isolation using the direct PCR method. Data analysis was performed by analyzing the sample's melting temperature (Tm) curve and comparing it with positive control. The results showed that S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 was detected in samples at an average Tm value of 84.18°C, with ranges of 84.0-84.5°C. For positive control, the Tm value was at 85.2°C, while for the negative control, the Tm value was not detected. Based on these data, it can be concluded that S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 in traditional medicine products powder preparations can be detected using real-time PCR.

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COCHRANE, ROGER A., ANNE R. HUSS, GREGORY C. ALDRICH, CHARLES R. STARK, and CASSANDRA K. JONES. "Evaluating Chemical Mitigation of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 in Animal Feed Ingredients." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-320.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella Typhimurium is a potential feed safety hazard in animal feed ingredients. Thermal mitigation of Salmonella spp. during rendering is effective but does not eliminate the potential for cross-contamination. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of chemicals to mitigate postrendering Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 contamination in rendered proteins over time. Treatments were arranged in a 6 ×4 factorial with six chemical treatments and four rendered protein meals. The chemical treatments included (i) control without chemical treatment, (ii) 0.3% commercial formaldehyde product, (iii) 2% essential oil blend, (iv) 2% medium chain fatty acid blend, (v) 3% organic acid blend, and (vi) 1% sodium bisulfate. The four rendered protein meals included (i) feather meal, (ii) blood meal, (iii) meat and bone meal, and (iv) poultry by-product meal. After matrices were chemically treated, they were inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, stored at room temperature, and enumerated via plate counts on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 42 postinoculation. The Salmonella concentration in ingredients treated with medium chain fatty acid and commercial formaldehyde were similar to one another (P =0.23) but were 2 log lower than the control (P < 0.05). Ingredients treated with organic acids and essential oils also had lower Salmonella concentrations than the control (P < 0.05). Time also played a significant role in Salmonella mitigation, because all days except days 14 and 21 (P = 0.92) differed from one another. Rendered protein matrix also affected Salmonella stability, because concentrations in meat and bone meal and blood meal were similar to one another (P =0.36) but were greater than levels in feather meal and poultry by-product meal (P < 0.05). In summary, chemical treatment and time both mitigated Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, but their effectiveness was matrix dependent. Time and chemical treatment with medium chain fatty acids or a commercial formaldehyde product were most effective at mitigating Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 in rendered protein meals.

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Futoma-Kołoch, Bożena, Michał Małaszczuk, Kamila Korzekwa, Małgorzata Steczkiewicz, Andrzej Gamian, and Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska. "The Prolonged Treatment of Salmonella enterica Strains with Human Serum Effects in Phenotype Related to Virulence." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010883.

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Salmonella enterica as common pathogens of humans and animals are good model organisms to conduct research on bacterial biology. Because these bacteria can multiply in both the external environments and in the living hosts, they prove their wide adaptability. It has been previously demonstrated that prolonged exposition of Salmonella serotype O48 cells to normal human serum led to an increase in resistance to sera in connection with the synthesis of very long O-antigen. In this work, we have studied the phenotype connected to virulence of Salmonella enterica strains that were subjected to consecutive passages in 50% human serum from platelet-poor plasma (SPPP). We found that eight passages in SPPP may not be enough for the bacteria to become serum-resistant (S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. Senftenberg). Moreover, C1q and C3c complement components bound to Salmonellae (S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. Hammonia) membrane proteins, which composition has been changed after passaging in sera. Interestingly, passages in SPPP generated genetic changes within gene fljB, which translated to cells’ motility (S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. Erlangen). One strain, S. Hammonia exposed to a serum developed a multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotype and two S. Isaszeg and S. Erlangen tolerance to disinfectants containing quaternary ammonium salts (QAS). Furthermore, colonial morphotypes of the serum adaptants were similar to those produced by starter cultures. These observations suggest that overcoming stressful conditions is manifested on many levels. Despite great phenotypic diversity occurring after prolonged exposition to SPPP, morphotypes of colonies remained unchanged in basic media. This work is an example in which stable morphotypes distinguished by altered virulence can be confusing during laboratory work with life-threatening strains.

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Kim, Seul I., and Hyunjin Yoon. "Roles of YcfR in Biofilm Formation in Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 32, no. 6 (June 2019): 708–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-06-18-0166-r.

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An increasing number of foodborne diseases are currently attributable to farm produce contaminated with enteric pathogens such as Salmonella enterica. Recent studies have shown that a variety of enteric pathogens are able to colonize plant surfaces by forming biofilms and thereby persist for long periods, which can subsequently lead to human infections. Therefore, biofilm formation by enteric pathogens on plants poses a risk to human health. Here, we deciphered the roles of YcfR in biofilm formation by Salmonella enterica. YcfR is a putative outer membrane protein associated with bacterial stress responses. The lack of YcfR facilitated the formation of multicellular aggregates on cabbage leaves as well as glass surfaces while reducing bacterial motility. ycfR deletion caused extensive structural alterations in the outer membrane, primarily in lipopolysaccharides, outer membrane proteins, cellulose, and curli fimbria, thereby increasing cell surface hydrophobicity. However, the absence of YcfR rendered Salmonella susceptible to stressful treatments, despite the increased multicellular aggregation. These results suggest that YcfR is an essential constituent of Salmonella outer membrane architecture and its absence may cause multifaceted structural changes, thereby compromising bacterial envelope integrity. In this context, YcfR may be further exploited as a potential target for controlling Salmonella persistence on plants.

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Clark, Leann, Charlotte A. Perrett, Layla Malt, Caryn Harward, Suzanne Humphrey, Katy A. Jepson, Isabel Martinez-Argudo, et al. "Differences in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain invasiveness are associated with heterogeneity in SPI-1 gene expression." Microbiology 157, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 2072–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.048496-0.

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Most studies on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection focus on strains ATCC SL1344 or NTCC 12023 (ATCC 14028). We have compared the abilities of these strains to induce membrane ruffles and invade epithelial cells. S. Typhimurium strain 12023 is less invasive and induces smaller membrane ruffles on MDCK cells compared with SL1344. Since the SPI-1 effector SopE is present in SL1344 and absent from 12023, and SL1344 sopE mutants have reduced invasiveness, we investigated whether 12023 is less invasive due to the absence of SopE. However, comparison of SopE+ and SopE− S. Typhimurium strains, sopE deletion mutants and 12023 expressing a sopE plasmid revealed no consistent relationship between SopE status and relative invasiveness. Nevertheless, absence of SopE was closely correlated with reduced size of membrane ruffles. A PprgH–gfp reporter revealed that relatively few of the 12023 population (and that of the equivalent strain ATCC 14028) express SPI-1 compared to other S. Typhimurium strains. Expression of a PhilA–gfp reporter mirrored that of PprgH–gfp in 12023 and SL1344, implicating reduced signalling via the transcription factor HilA in the heterogeneous SPI-1 expression of these strains. The previously unrecognized strain heterogeneity in SPI-1 expression and invasiveness has important implications for studies of Salmonella infection.

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Murray, Sean R., Karim Suwwan de Felipe, Pamela L. Obuchowski, Jeremy Pike, David Bermudes, and K. Brooks Low. "Hot Spot for a Large Deletion in the 18- to 19-Centisome Region Confers a Multiple Phenotype in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strain ATCC 14028." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 24 (December 15, 2004): 8516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.24.8516-8523.2004.

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ABSTRACT Loss of the Salmonella MsbB enzyme, which catalyzes the incorporation of myristate destined for lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane, results in a strong phenotype of sensitivity to salt and chelators such as EGTA and greatly diminished endotoxic activity. MsbB− salmonellae mutate extragenically to EGTA-tolerant derivatives at a frequency of 10−4 per division. One of these derivatives arose from inactivation of somA, which suppresses sensitivity to salt and EGTA. Here we show that a second mode of MsbB− suppression is a RecA-dependent deletion between two IS200 insertion elements present in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain ATCC 14028 but not in two other wild-type strains, LT2 and SL1344, which lack one of the IS200 elements. This deletion occurs spontaneously in wild-type and MsbB− strain 14028 salmonellae and accounts for about one-third of all of the spontaneous suppressors of MsbB− in strain 14028. It spans the region corresponding to 17.7 to 19.9 centisomes, which includes somA, on the sequenced map of Salmonella LT2 (136 ORFs in that strain; ATCC 14028 and other strains showed variability in this region). In addition to conferring EGTA resistance correlated with somA, the deletion confers a MacConkey galactose resistance phenotype on MsbB− Salmonella, indicating that at least one additional gene (distinct from somA) within the deletion is responsible for this phenotype. In the wild type, the deletion mutant grows with normal exponential growth rate in Luria broth but is chlorate resistant and does not grow on citrate agar. The deletion strains have lost hydrogen sulfide production, nitrate reductase activity, and gas production from glucose fermentation.

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Hermans, Armand P. H. M., Tjakko Abee, Marcel H. Zwietering, and Henk J. M. Aarts. "Identification of Novel Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104-Specific Prophage and Nonprophage Chromosomal Sequences among Serovar Typhimurium Isolates by Genomic Subtractive Hybridization." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 9 (September 2005): 4979–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.9.4979-4985.2005.

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ABSTRACT Genomic subtractive hybridization was performed between Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 and DT104 to search for novel Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104-specific sequences. The subtraction resulted mainly in the isolation of DNA fragments with sequence similarity to phages. Two fragments identified were associated with possible virulence factors. One fragment was identical to irsA of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028, which is suggested to be involved in macrophage survival. The other fragment was homologous to HldD, an Escherichia coli O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide assembly-related protein. Five selected DNA fragments—irsA, the HldD homologue, and three fragments with sequence similarity to prophages—were tested for their presence in 17 Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104 isolates and 27 non-DT104 isolates by PCR. All five selected DNA fragments were Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104 specific among the serovar Typhimurium isolates tested. These DNA fragments can be useful for better detection and typing of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104.

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Thunberg, Richard L., Alan J. Sexstone, Joseph P. Calabrese, and Gary K. Bissonnette. "Effects of antecedent fermentative and respiratory growth on the detection of chloramine-stressed Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-077.

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In vitro laboratory studies were performed to assess the effects of antecedent growth conditions on the recovery of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 following chloramine disinfection. Six- and 18-h cultures of each organism were grown under aerobic, fermentative, and nitrate-reducing conditions prior to disinfection. At predetermined time intervals during a 10-min exposure to chloramine, survivors were surface plated on nonselective recovery media to determine Cnt values. It was observed that nitrate-reducing growth predisposed the test organisms towards an increased sensitivity to chloramine stress over cells grown under fermentation or aerobic conditions (p < 0.01).Key words: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, chloramine, survival, antecedent growth conditions.

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DU, LIHUI, XIAOYING HE, HONG ZHANG, FANG LIU, XINGRONG JU, and JIAN YUAN. "First Two Domains at the lp_1643 Protein N Terminus Inhibit Pathogen Adhesion to Porcine Mucus In Vitro." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-294.

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Gastrointestinal probiotics are important members of intestinal microflora in both healthy animals and human beings, and these bacteria may reduce the risk of infection caused by certain opportunistic pathogens through exclusive inhibition, competition, and displacement. The lp_1643 protein on the cell surface of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFSI was assumed to possess a mucus-binding capability. This study aimed to determine if purified His-N2 protein exclusively inhibits pathogen adhesion to porcine mucus. The interaction of the His-N2 protein with porcine mucus was determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the adhesion was assessed by a traditional plating method to count the bacteria adhered to the porcine mucus. Indirect ELISA showed that His-N2 protein adhered to porcine mucus, and its interacting molecules existed. The His-N2 protein effectively inhibited the adhesion of Escherichia coli DH5α, Listeria monocytogenes CMCC54004, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, and Shigella flexneri CMCC(B)51572 to porcine mucus. Results showed that inhibition of pathogen adhesion to porcine mucus depended on dose and strain. The adhesion of L. monocytogenes CMCC54004, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, and S. flexneri CMCC(B)51572 was reduced by 95.7, 97.0, and 95.7%, respectively, by pre-adding 100 μl of 3.92 mg/ml of His-N2 protein, whereas that of E. coli DH5α was only 50.4%. The inhibition of adhesion of some pathogens by His-N2 was different at pH 6.6 and 7.5. The inhibition of E. coli DH5α, L. monocytogenes CMCC54004, and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 at pH 6.6 was significantly higher than that at pH 7.5, whereas no statistically significant difference was observed in S. flexneri CMCC(B)51572. These results suggest that various types of inhibition mechanisms of His-N2 were involved in different pathogens.

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Emmerth, Melanie, Werner Goebel, Samuel I. Miller, and Christoph J. Hueck. "Genomic Subtraction Identifies Salmonella typhimurium Prophages, F-Related Plasmid Sequences, and a Novel Fimbrial Operon, stf, Which Are Absent inSalmonella typhi." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 18 (September 15, 1999): 5652–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.18.5652-5661.1999.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella typhimurium causes systemic and fatal infection in inbred mice, while the related serotype Salmonella typhi is avirulent for mammals other than humans. In order to identify genes from the virulent strain S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 that are absent in S. typhi Ty2, and therefore might be involved in S. typhimurium mouse virulence, a PCR-supported genomic subtractive hybridization procedure was employed. We have identified a novel putative fimbrial operon,stfACDEFG, located at centisome 5 of the S. typhimurium chromosome, which is absent in S. typhi,Salmonella arizonae, and Salmonella bongori but was detected in several other Salmonella serotypes. The fimbrial genes represent a genomic insertion in S. typhimurium compared to the respective region betweenfhuB and hemL in Escherichia coliK-12. In addition, the subtraction procedure yielded F plasmid-related sequences from the S. typhimurium virulence plasmid, a number of DNA fragments representing parts of lambdoid prophages and putative sugar transporters, and several fragments with unknown sequences. The majority of subtracted chromosomal sequences map to three distinct locations, around centisomes 5, 27, and 57.

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SONI, KAMLESH A., ADEMOLA OLADUNJOYE, RAMAKRISHNA NANNAPANENI, M. WES SCHILLING, JUAN L. SILVA, BENJY MIKEL, and R. HARTFORD BAILEY. "Inhibition and Inactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium Biofilms from Polystyrene and Stainless Steel Surfaces by Essential Oils and Phenolic Constituent Carvacrol†." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-196.

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Persistence of Salmonella biofilms within food processing environments is an important source of Salmonella contamination in the food chain. In this study, essential oils of thyme and oregano and their antimicrobial phenolic constituent carvacrol were evaluated for their ability to inhibit biofilm formation and inactivate preformed Salmonella biofilms. A crystal violet staining assay and CFU measurements were utilized to quantify biofilm cell mass, with evaluating factors such as strain variation, essential oil type, their concentrations, exposure time, as well as biofilm formation surface. Of the three Salmonella strains, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 23564 and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 19585 produced stronger biofilms than Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028. Biofilm formation by different Salmonella strains was 1.5- to 2-fold higher at 22°C than at 30 or 37°C. The presence of nonbiocidal concentrations of thyme oil, oregano oil, and phenolic carvacrol at 0.006 to 0.012% suppressed Salmonella spp. biofilm formation 2- to 4-fold, but could not completely eliminate biofilm formation. There was high correlation in terms of biofilm inactivation, as determined by the crystal violet–stained optical density (at a 562-nm wavelength) readings and the viable CFU counts. Reduction of biofilm cell mass was dependent on antimicrobial concentration. A minimum concentration of 0.05 to 0.1% of these antimicrobial agents was needed to reduce a 7-log CFU biofilm mass to a nondetectable level on both polystyrene and stainless steel surfaces within 1 h of exposure time.

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Cheah, Yoke−Kqueen, Learn−Han Lee, Cheng−Yun Catherine Chieng, and Vui−Ling Clemente Michael Wong. "Isolation, identification and screening of Actinobacteria in volcanic soil of Deception Island (the Antarctic) for antimicrobial metabolites." Polish Polar Research 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popore-2015-0001.

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Abstract This project aimed to isolate and characterize volcanic soil Actinobacteria from Deception Island, Antarctic. A total of twenty−four Actinobacteria strains were isolated using four different isolation media (Starch casein agar, R2 agar, Actinomycete isolation agar, Streptomyces agar) and characterized basing on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Tests for second− arymetabolites were performed using well diffusion method to detect antimicrobial activities against eight different pathogens, namely Staphyloccocus aureus ATCC 33591, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, S. enterica serotype Enteritidis, S. enterica serotype Paratyphi ATCC 9150, S. enterica serotype Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Vibrio cholerae. Antimicrobial properties were detected against Salmonella paratyphi A and Salmonella typhimurium at the concentration of 0.3092±0.08 g/ml. The bioactive strains were identified as Gordonia terrae, Leifsonia soli and Terrabacter lapilli. Results from this study showed that the soil of Deception Island is likely a good source of isolation for Actinobacteria. The volcanic soil Actinobacteria are potentially rich source for discovery of antimicrobial compounds.

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Sandulachi, Elisaveta, Artur Macari, Daniela Cojocari, Greta Balan, Sergiu Popa, Nadejda Turculet, Aliona Ghendov-Mosanu, and Rodica Sturza. "ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF SEA BUCKTHORN GROWNIN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA." Journal of Engineering Science 29, no. 1 (March 2022): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/jes.utm.2022.29(1).15.

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his study deals with the antibacterial activity of Sea buckthorn (SB) (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) grown in the Republic of Moldova. Eight sea buckthorn species were investigated: R1, R2, R4, R5, C6, AGG, AGA, Pomona, 2020 harvest, from Dubasari district, Pohrebea village of the Republic of Moldova. The sea buckthorn fruit was harvested during the complete sweeping phase. The antibacterial efficacy of Sea buckthorn on different microbial cultures (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans) causing infections/diseases was investigated by agar disc diffusion method. The inhibition zones ranged from 12 to 30 mm: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (21-30 mm); Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 (19-29 mm); Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (13-18 mm); Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (12-18 mm). In the case of Candida albicans ATCC 10231, this fungal pathogen was resistant to SB. It was found that antimicrobial efficacy of SB depends on the species, concentration, and form of use (fruit puree, extracts with different solvents and powder). Results suggested that SB might be a valuable ingredient for the development of safe products for consumption.

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Mothershaw, A. S., and M. AI-Ruzeiki. "Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Inhibitors Against Salmonella typhimurium." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 6 (January 1, 2001): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol6iss0pp47-51.

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A range of herbs and spices are known to possess antibacterial activity as a consequence of their chemical composition. The sensitivity pattern of S. typhimurium ATCC 14082 to a range of these natural inhibitors was determined by measuring the zones of growth inhibition produced by individual herbs or spices. The herb and spice samples caused different levels of growth inhibition with S. typhimurium ATCC 14082. In general, S. typhimurium ATCC 14082 demonstrated considerable resistance to the antimicrobial activity of these inhibitors. Only cinnamon and garlic produced zones of growth inhibition. The antimicrobial activity of the garlic remained stable during mild heating, either on a hot plate or by exposure to microwaves. This was in contrast to the inhibitory activity of cinnamon which was reduced following microwave exposure, and which was completely lost after heating on a hot plate. Garlic at a concentration of 5% was not bacteriocidal, but considerably reduced the rate of replication of S. typhimurium ATCC 14082.

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Bukhari, Sarah I., Moaz M. Hamed, Mohamed H. Al-Agamy, Hanaa S. S. Gazwi, Hesham H. Radwan, and Asmaa M. Youssif. "Biosynthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Streptomyces MHM38 and Its Biological Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (January 4, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6693302.

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Biosynthesis methods employing microorganisms have emerged as an eco-friendly, clean, and viable alternative to chemical and physical processes. The present study reports the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using cell-free culture supernatant of marine Streptomyces sp. MHM38. For the optimized production of CuONPs, the influence of some parameters, such as the concentration of copper sulfate (CuSO4), reaction time, filtrate to substrate ratio, and pH, was studied. 5 mM of CuSO4 was optimal for nanoparticle (NP) production. Well-defined CuONP formation occurred after 60 min of incubation when an equal volume of filtrate (cell-free supernatant) to substrate (CuSO4 solution) was added. UV-visible spectroscopy analysis of CuONPs exhibited a peak at 550 nm, which corresponds to the surface plasmon resonance of CuONPs. Most of the particles were spherical and were 1.72–13.49 nm when measured using a transmission electron microscope. The antimicrobial activity of CuONPs was determined using a well diffusion method against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 8939, fungi (Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, and Aspergillus niger), and yeast (Candida albicans ATCC 10237). The highest antimicrobial activities were recorded against Candida albicans ATCC 10237, whereas Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8939 showed the less activity. The biochemical findings of the CuONP groups were significant ( p < 0.05 ) with diminished levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total and direct bilirubin, urea, and creatinine compared with the paracetamol group. Nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants of the CuONP groups were significantly elevated ( p < 0.05 ) in SOD and GSH levels, and exceptionally low nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MAD) levels were found for the paracetamol group. The histopathological examination of the CuONP groups assured the impact of improving CuONPs against paracetamol-induced liver damage.

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CUTTER, CATHERINE N., and GREGORY R. SIRAGUSA. "Treatments with Nisin and Chelators to Reduce Salmonella and Escherichia coli on Beef†." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 1028–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.9.1028.

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Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 or Escherichia coli O157:H7 attached to lean beef tissue were treated with citrate, lactate, sodium hexametaphosphate, or EDTA, alone or in combination with nisin in simple buffers, and incubated at 4°C for up to 3 days. Lactate with nisin reduced S. typhimurium attached to beef by 040 log10 CFU/cm2, while EDTA and nisin reduced E. coli O157:H7 by 0.42 log10 CFU/cm2. Unlike earlier in vitro studies in which treatments with nisin and chelating agents resulted in reductions of > 4 log10 CFU/cm2, such reductions were not observed in situ.

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Chen, Wenxue, Hui Tang, Ningxin Jiang, Qiuping Zhong, Yueying Hu, Haiming Chen, and Weijun Chen. "Antibacterial Effect of Black Pepper Petroleum Ether Extract against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium." Journal of Food Quality 2019 (January 9, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2356161.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of black pepper petroleum ether extract (BPPE) against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028. The results showed that the BPPE had a strong antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium, and 2-methylene-4,8,8-trimethyl-4-vinyl-bicyclo[5.2.0]nonane (9.36%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.85%) were identified as the two primary components of BPPE. The ability of cells to break down hyperoxide was decreased, and the activities of POD and CAT were inhibited. The activities of key metabolic enzymes shed some light on the biochemical mechanism of aglycon cell growth inhibition, indicating that the energetic metabolism of L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium was markedly influenced by the BPPE. The contents of key organic acids varied significantly, resulting in remarkable abnormalities in the energetic metabolism of L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium. Thus, the consecution of energetic metabolism was destroyed by the BPPE, which contributed to metabolic dysfunction, the suppression of gene transcription, and cell death.

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Alzamora, Libertad, Liliana Morales, Lourdes Armas, and Gilma Fernández. "Medicina Tradicional en el Perú: Actividad Antimicrobiana in vitro de los Aceites Esenciales Extraídos de Algunas Plantas Aromáticas." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 62, no. 2 (April 7, 2014): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v62i2.4167.

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El objetivo fue la investigación cualitativa de la actividad antimicrobiana de los aceites esenciales de cinco plantas empleadas en Medicina Tradicional en el Perú: Eucalyptus globulus, Labill "eucalipto"; Cymbopogon citratus, (D.C.) Staff "hierba luisa"; Tagetes pusilla Lag. "Anís serrano"; Senecio tephrosioides, Turcz "huamanrripa" y Lepechinia meyenii, (Walp) Epling "salvia". Los aceites esenciales obtenidos por destilación por arrastre de vapor, se enfrentaron a Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539, S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. enteritidis INS, Vibrio cholerae ATCC E-7946 OGAWA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa GT 28, Shigella flexneri INS, Staphylococcus aureus INS, S. aureus ATCC 6538P y Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Se empleó discos de antibióticos como controles. Los aceites esenciales mostraron efecto variado sobre Gram positivos y Gram negativos; ninguno inhibió a Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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HVIZDZAK, A. L., S. BEAMER, J. JACZYNSKI, and K. E. MATAK. "Use of Electron Beam Radiation for the Reduction of Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhimurium and Tennessee in Peanut Butter." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.2.353.

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Peanut butter and peanut paste products were implicated as the vehicle of contamination in an outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium, which began in September 2008, and in the November 2006 outbreak of Salmonella Tennessee. Therefore, this study evaluated the effectiveness of electron beam (e-beam) radiation for the reduction of Salmonella serovars Tennessee (ATCC 10722) and Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) in creamy peanut butter. Each strain was studied independently. Peanut butter samples were inoculated with approximately 8.0 log CFU/g of Salmonella, and exposed to e-beam doses ranging from 0 to 3.1 kGy. Doses were confirmed with film dosimetry. Survivors were enumerated by standard spread plating on nonselective tryptic soy agar (TSA) and selective xylose-lysine-desoxycholate agar (XLD) media. Salmonella Tennessee was more susceptible to e-beam radiation, with 5.00- and 6.75-log reduction of cells on TSA and XLD, respectively, at the approximate e-beam dose of 3.0 kGy. Salmonella Typhimurium was reduced by 4.19 and 4.85 log on TSA and XLD, respectively, at the approximate e-beam dose of 3.0 kGy. D10-values show that Salmonella Typhimurium was more resistant (0.82 ± 0.02 and 0.73 ± 0.01 kGy on TSA and XLD, respectively) than was Salmonella Tennessee (0.72 ± 0.02 and 0.60 ± 0.01 kGy on TSA and XLD, respectively) to e-beam radiation (P < 0.05). The recovery on growth and selective media were different (P < 0.05), indicating cell injury. The results of this study demonstrate that e-beam radiation may be an effective processing step for the nonthermal inactivation of Salmonella in peanut butter.

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Troxell, Bryan, Mary Mendoza, Rizwana Ali, Matthew Koci, and Hosni Hassan. "Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium, Strain NC983, Is Immunogenic, and Protective against Virulent Typhimurium Challenges in Mice." Vaccines 8, no. 4 (November 3, 2020): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040646.

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Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars are significant health burden worldwide. Although much effort has been devoted to developing typhoid-based vaccines for humans, currently there is no NTS vaccine available. Presented here is the efficacy of a live attenuated serovar Typhimurium strain (NC983). Oral delivery of strain NC983 was capable of fully protecting C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice against challenge with virulent Typhimurium. Strain NC983 was found to elicit an anti-Typhimurium IgG response following administration of vaccine and boosting doses. Furthermore, in competition experiments with virulent S. Typhimurium (ATCC 14028), NC983 was highly defective in colonization of the murine liver and spleen. Collectively, these results indicate that strain NC983 is a potential live attenuated vaccine strain that warrants further development.

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Al-Mohammadi, Abdul-Raouf, Rehab A. Ibrahim, Ahmed H. Moustafa, Ahmed A. Ismaiel, Azza Abou Zeid, and Gamal Enan. "Chemical Constitution and Antimicrobial Activity of Kefir Fermented Beverage." Molecules 26, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 2635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092635.

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Kefir beverage (KB) is a fermented milk initiated by kefir grains rich with starter probiotics. The KB produced in this study seemed to contain many chemical compounds elucidated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and IR spectra. These compounds could be classified into different chemical groups such as alcohols, phenols, esters, fatty esters, unsaturated fatty esters, steroids, polyalkenes, heterocyclic compounds and aromatic aldehydes. Both KB and neutralized kefir beverage (NKB) inhibited some pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli ATCC11229 (E. coli), Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 4957 (L. monocytogenes), Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (B. cereus), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (Sal. typhimurium) as well as some tested fungal strains such as Aspergillus flavus ATCC 16872 (A. flavus) and Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611 (A. niger), but the inhibitory activity of KB was more powerful than that obtained by NKB. It also appeared to contain four lactic acid bacteria species, one acetic acid bacterium and two yeast species. Finally, the KB inhibited distinctively both S. aureus and Sal. typhimurium bacteria in a brain heart infusion broth and in some Egyptian fruit juices, including those made with apples, guava, strawberries and tomatoes.

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Sun, Na, Yanying Song, Cong Liu, Mengda Liu, Lanping Yu, and Fangkun Wang. "Analysis of In Vivo Transcriptome of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhmurium Isolated from Mouse Spleen." Pathogens 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070823.

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Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an important intracellular pathogen that poses a health threat to humans. This study tries to clarify the mechanism of Salmonella survival and reproduction in the host. In this study, high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed on RNA extracted from the strains isolated from infected mouse spleens and an S. Typhimurium reference strain (ATCC 14028) based on the BGISEQ-500 platform. A total of 1340 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Functional annotation revealed DEGs associated with regulation, metabolism, transport and binding, pathogenesis, and motility. Through data mining and literature retrieval, 26 of the 58 upregulated DEGs (FPKM > 10) were not reported to be related to the adaptation to intracellular survival and were classified as candidate key genes (CKGs) for survival and proliferation in vivo. Our data contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms used by Salmonella to regulate virulence gene expression whilst replicating inside mammalian cells.

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Sayın, Selin. "Antimicrobial Activities of Some Marine Macroalgae Species from Iskenderun Bay." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 4 (April 25, 2021): 792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i4.792-796.4207.

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In the present study, the seaweeds belong to Phaeophyaceae (Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau 1904, Cystoseria mediterranea Sauvageau 1912), Rhodophaceae (Liagora viscida (Forsskål) C.Agardh 1822, Laurencia nidifica J.Agardh 1852) and Chlorophyceae (Enteromorpha multiramosa Bliding, nom. inval. 1960) collected from nearby Iskenderun-Turkey of Mediterranean Sea were detected for their antimicrobial activities against seven bacterial (Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Bacillus cereus NRRL B-371, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Proteus vulgaris RSKK 96029) and three fungal strains (Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. krusei ATCC 6258, C. tropicalis Y-12968). The antimicrobial activities were expressed as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bacterial concentrations (MBCs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were determined. According to the results obtained from MIC values of the extracts on pathogenic microorganisms were between 50 and 50 and

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Saputra, Nur Adi, Deazy Rachmi Trisatya, Saptadi Darmawan, Heru Satrio Wibisono, and Gustan Pari. "Effect citronella oil against bacteria strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 460 (April 24, 2020): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/460/1/012027.

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DHAKAL, JANAK, and CHARLES G. ALDRICH. "Use of Medium Chain Fatty Acids To Mitigate Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) on Dry Pet Food Kibbles." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 9 (August 18, 2020): 1505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-114.

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ABSTRACT This study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) against Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) when used on dry dog food kibbles. The MIC of three MCFAs, caproic (C6), caprylic (C8), and capric (C10), was determined using the broth micro- and macrodilution assay technique. Using canola oil as a fat coating, the efficacy of each MCFA was then tested on dry dog food kibbles at 37°C for up to 5 h. The MIC was found to be 0.3125, 0.3125, and 0.625% for C6, C8, and C10, respectively. When the MCFAs were tested on fat-coated dry kibbles, all three MCFAs reduced (P ≤ 0.05) Salmonella levels by >4.5 log after 5 h when the Salmonella recovery from a no-treatment control was ∼6.4 log. At each evaluation time point, the three treatments were effective in reducing (P ≤ 0.05) Salmonella loads. No countable colonies of Salmonella were detected at 4 h when the combination of C6+C8 was used on the kibbles (P ≤ 0.05), whereas with the C6+C10 combination, the Salmonella colonies were not detectable between 2 and 4 h after treatments (P ≤ 0.05). Different combinations of C8 and C10 caused Salmonella to drop to a nondetectable limit (1 CFU/g) between 1 and 5 h after treatment (P ≤ 0.05). This study suggests that the use of MCFAs during kibble coating may mitigate postprocessing Salmonella recontamination on dry dog food kibbles. HIGHLIGHTS

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Lone, Ayesha, Walid Mottawea, Yasmina Ait Chait, and Riadh Hammami. "Dual Inhibition of Salmonella enterica and Clostridium perfringens by New Probiotic Candidates Isolated from Chicken Intestinal Mucosa." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010166.

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The poultry industry is the fastest-growing agricultural sector globally. With poultry meat being economical and in high demand, the end product’s safety is of importance. Globally, governments are coming together to ban the use of antibiotics as prophylaxis and for growth promotion in poultry. Salmonella and Clostridium perfringens are two leading pathogens that cause foodborne illnesses and are linked explicitly to poultry products. Furthermore, numerous outbreaks occur every year. A substitute for antibiotics is required by the industry to maintain the same productivity level and, hence, profits. We aimed to isolate and identify potential probiotic strains from the ceca mucosa of the chicken intestinal tract with bacteriocinogenic properties. We were able to isolate multiple and diverse strains, including a new uncultured bacterium, with inhibitory activity against Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Salmonella Abony NCTC 6017, Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 10708, Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The five most potent strains were further characterized for their probiotic potential (i.e., sensitivity to antibiotics and tolerance to gastrointestinal physicochemical conditions). Our analyzed lactobacilli strains exhibited some interesting probiotic features while being inhibitory against targeted pathogens.

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Cunha, Iria Pedroso da, Ericson Kubrusly Gonçalves, Luís Eduardo Silva Nascimento, Denise Wibelinger de Melo, Fabíola Carina Biluca, Luciano Vitali, Ana Carolina de Oliveira Costa, Deise Helena Baggio Ribeiro, and Edna Regina Amante. "Araucaria angustifolia (bert.) Otto kuntze): Comparative evaluation of phenolic composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of seeds cooking water." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 9 (July 21, 2021): e8810917942. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17942.

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Araucaria angustifolia var. angustifolia and Araucaria angustifolia var. indehiscens, seeds (common pinhão and monkey pinhão) are consumed after cooking, coats and water represent waste. In this work, pinhão was submitted to different cooking conditions, the water extracts were analyzed to determine and identify their phenolic compounds content, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial potential. Cooking for 45 minutes without addition of sodium chloride resulted in residual water with highest content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP), both for the common pinhão and for the monkey pinhão. Protocatecuic acid, vanillin and coniferaldehyde were identified and quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS as the most prevalent phenolic compounds. No antimicrobial potential was observed against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778).

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Adki, Nagaraj, Neelofer Rana, and Ramesh Naik Palthya. "Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazole analogues linked with 1,2,3-triazole and 4-thiazolidinone as antimicrobial agents." Current Chemistry Letters 11, no. 1 (2022): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2021.8.001.

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A new series of 2-[3-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-4-pyrazolyl]-3-aryl-1,3-thiazolan-4-one 5(a-i) have been designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538p), Micrococcus luteus (IFC 12708) and Gram negative bacteria viz. Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 3851), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) the antifungal activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Aspergillus fumigatus (HIC 6094), Trichophyton rubrum (IFO 9185), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (IFO 40996). Antibacterial evaluation indicates that compounds containing 4-methoxyphenyl 5c, 4-fluorophenyl 5d and 2,5-difluorophenyl 5h groups on thiazolidinone ring showed significant activity equal to that of standard drug. The antifungal evaluation shows that compound 5c is highly active against A. fumigatus, compound 5d and 5h were also active against C. albicans and A. fumigatus.

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Guillín, Yuliany, Marlon Cáceres, Rodrigo Torres, Elena Stashenko, and Claudia Ortiz. "Effect of Essential Oils on the Inhibition of Biofilm and Quorum Sensing in Salmonella enteritidis 13076 and Salmonella typhimurium 14028." Antibiotics 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101191.

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The emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms represents a global challenge that has led to a search for new antimicrobial compounds. Essential oils (EOs) from medicinal aromatic plants are a potential alternative for conventional antibiotics. In this study, the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potential of 15 EOs was evaluated on planktonic and biofilm-associated cells of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ATCC 13076 (S. enteritidis) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (S. typhimurium). In total, 4 out of 15 EOs showed antimicrobial activity and 6 EOs showed anti-biofilm activity against both strains. The EO from the Lippia origanoides chemotype thymol-carvacrol II (LTC II) presented the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50 = 0.37 mg mL−1) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC = 0.75 mg mL−1) values. This EO also presented the highest percentage of biofilm inhibition (>65%) on both microorganisms, which could be confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Transcriptional analysis showed significant changes in the expression of the genes related to quorum sensing and the formation of the biofilm. EOs could inhibit the expression of genes involved in the quorum sensing mechanism (luxR, luxS, qseB, sdiA) and biofilm formation (csgA, csgB, csgD, flhD, fliZ, and motB), indicating their potential use as anti-biofilm antimicrobial agents. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the action mechanisms of essential oils on the bacterial cells under study.

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Azmi, Nur Naqiyah, Nor Ainy Mahyudin, Wan Hasyera Wan Omar, Nor-Khaizura Mahmud Ab Rashid, Che Fauziah Ishak, Abdul Halim Abdullah, and Gary J. Sharples. "Antibacterial Activity of Clay Soils against Food-Borne Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010170.

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Natural clays have recently been proven to possess antibacterial properties. Effective natural antimicrobial agents are needed to combat bacterial contamination on food contact surfaces, which are increasingly more prevalent in the food chain. This study sought to determine the antibacterial activity of clays against the food-borne pathogens Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565. Soils were processed to yield leachates and suspensions from untreated and treated clays. Soil particle size, pH, cation-exchange capacity, metal composition and mineralogy were characterized. Antibacterial screening was performed on six Malaysian soils via the disc diffusion method. In addition, a time-kill assay was conducted on selected antibacterial clays after 6 h of exposure. The screening revealed that Munchong and Carey clays significantly inhibit Salmonella typhimurium (11.00 ± 0.71 mm) and S. aureus (7.63 ± 0.48 mm), respectively. Treated Carey clay leachate and suspension completely kill Salmonella typhimurium, while S. aureus viability is reduced (2 to 3 log10). The untreated Carey and all Munchong clays proved ineffective as antibacterials. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of pyrite and magnetite. Treated Carey clays had a higher soluble metal content compared to Munchong; namely Al (92.63 ± 2.18 mg/L), Fe (65.69 ± 3.09 mg/L) and Mg (88.48 ± 2.29 mg/L). Our results suggest that metal ion toxicity is responsible for the antibacterial activity of these clays.

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Dalla Costa, Karine Angélica, Mariane Ferenz, Sheila Mello da Silveira, and Alessandra Farias Millezi. "FORMAÇÃO DE BIOFILMES BACTERIANOS EM DIFERENTES SUPERFÍCIES DE INDÚSTRIAS DE ALIMENTOS." Revista do Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes 71, no. 2 (June 7, 2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/2238-6416.v71i2.512.

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O termo biofilme descreve a forma de vida microbiana séssil, caracterizada pela adesão de microrganismos a alguma superfície e com a produção de substâncias poliméricas extracelulares. Nas indústrias de alimentos, a formação de biofilmes resulta em graves problemas, já que pode ser fonte de contaminação do alimento, comprometendo a qualidade final do produto e a saúde do consumidor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a adesão de biofilmes (células sésseis) de bactérias patogênicas e/ou deteriorantes sobre superfícies da indústria alimentícia. As espécies bacterianas testadas foram Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19117 e Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028. Utilizaram-se cupons de aço inoxidável e polipropileno como superfícies de contato. Os resultados demonstraram que P. aeruginosa e S. Typhimurium apresentaram maior capacidade de formação de biofilme. Estatisticamente, não houve diferença nas contagens das células de P. aeruginosa e S. Typhimurium (p > 0,05), o mesmo ocorreu entre L. monocytogenes e S. aureus. Entretanto, as contagens de células de P. aeruginosa e S. Typhimurium foram estatisticamente maiores que S. aureus e L. monocytogenes (p < 0,05). Através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura constatou-se também maior adesão de P. aeruginosa. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que dentre as espécies bacterianas testadas P. aeruginosa foi a bactéria com maior capacidade de formação de biofilme.

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García, Vanesa, Ana Herrero-Fresno, Rosaura Rodicio, Alfonso Felipe-López, Ignacio Montero, John E. Olsen, Michael Hensel, and María Rosario Rodicio. "A Plasmid-Encoded FetMP-Fls Iron Uptake System Confers Selective Advantages to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Growth under Iron-Restricted Conditions and for Infection of Mammalian Host Cells." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050630.

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The resistance plasmid pUO-StVR2, derived from virulence plasmid pSLT, is widespread in clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium recovered in Spain and other European countries. pUO-StVR2 carries several genes encoding a FetMP-Fls system, which could be involved in iron uptake. We therefore analyzed S. Typhimurium LSP 146/02, a clinical strain selected as representative of the isolates carrying the plasmid, and an otherwise isogenic mutant lacking four genes (fetMP-flsDA) of the fetMP-fls region. Growth curves and determination of the intracellular iron content under iron-restricted conditions demonstrated that deletion of these genes impairs iron acquisition. Thus, under these conditions, the mutant grew significantly worse than the wild-type strain, its iron content was significantly lower, and it was outcompeted by the wild-type strain in competition assays. Importantly, the strain lacking the fetMP-flsDA genes was less invasive in cultured epithelial HeLa cells and replicated poorly upon infection of RAW264.7 macrophages. The genes were introduced into S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028, which lacks the FetMP-Fls system, and this resulted in increased growth under iron limitation as well as an increased ability to multiply inside macrophages. These findings indicate that the FetMP-Fls iron acquisition system exceeds the benefits conferred by the other high-affinity iron uptake systems carried by ATCC 14028 and LSP 146/02. We proposed that effective iron acquisition by this system in conjunction with antimicrobial resistance encoded from the same plasmid have greatly contributed to the epidemic success of S. Typhimurium isolates harboring pUO-StVR2.

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Carrillo-Tomalá, Celeste, Raúl Díaz-Torres, Katherine Guerra-Guamán, and Andrés Román-Salmerón. "Actividad antimicrobiana de extractos hidroalcohólicos de hojas de dos variedades de Mangifera indica L." CIENCIA UNEMI 13, no. 32 (January 9, 2020): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol13iss32.2020pp69-77p.

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El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de extractos hidroalcohólicos (90% y 50%) de la variedad Tommy Atkins y extracto hidroalcohólico (50%) de la variedad Edward, seleccionados por su alto contenido de compuestos fenólicos, anteriormente publicado. Los extractos fueron obtenidos por maceración, digestión y ultrasonido. La actividad antimicrobiana se evalúo mediante los métodos Kirby Bauer y Kirby Bauer modificado; las cepas utilizadas fueron Pseudomona aeuroginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) y Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), ajustándose las suspensiones a turbidez 0.5 en escala McFarland. La mayor actividad antimicrobiana se evidencia frente a P. aeruginosa y S. aureus; los extractos de la variedad Tommy Atkins mostraron mayor actividad antimicrobiana, encontrándose halos de inhibición entre 10 y 15 mm según la bacteria. El método Kirby Bauer modificado mostró mayor efectividad. Se concluye que todas las cepas estudiadas presentaron sensibilidad frente a los extractos, siendo S. aureus y P. aeruginosa las más sensibles.

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Sayın, Selin, Betül Aydın, Burcu Ak Çimen, and Leyla Açık. "Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Four Selected Marine Macroalgae from Iskenderun Bay." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 12 (December 26, 2021): 2253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i12.2253-2259.4534.

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In the present study, the seaweeds belong to Phaeophyaceae (Cystoseira elegans Sauvageau 1912, Cystoseira amentacea (C.Agardh) Bory 1832, Padina crassa Yamada 1931) and Florideophyceae (Corallina elongata J.Ellis & Solander 1786) collected from nearby Iskenderun-Turkey of Mediterranean Sea were detected for their antimicrobial activities against seven bacterial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Bacillus cereus NRRL B-371, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Proteus vulgaris RSKK 96029). The antimicrobial activities were expressed as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). According to the results obtained from MICs and MBCs values of the extracts on pathogenic microorganisms were between 0.78 to 50 mg/mL. The lowest MICs and MBCs values were recorded for C. elegans extract against B. cereus with a MIC value of 0.78 mg/mL. These results suggest that secondary metabolites of brown and red algae are important sources that could be used as broad spectrum of biological and pharmaceutical activities.

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Allen, Chris A., Paula J. Fedorka-Cray, Andrés Vazquez-Torres, Mitsu Suyemoto, Craig Altier, L. Reeni Ryder, Ferric C. Fang, and Stephen J. Libby. "In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104 Virulence." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 4673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.7.4673-4677.2001.

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ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phage type DT104 has become a widespread cause of human and other animal infection worldwide. The severity of clinical illness inS. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 outbreaks has led to the suggestion that this strain possesses enhanced virulence. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo virulence-associated phenotypes of several clinical isolates of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 were examined and compared to S. entericaserovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s. The ability of these DT104 isolates to survive within murine peritoneal macrophages, invade cultured epithelial cells, resist antimicrobial actions of reactive oxygen and nitrogen compounds, and cause lethal infection in mice were assessed. Our results failed to demonstrate that S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 isolates are more virulent than S. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s.

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Samoussa, Milan Oba, Abderrazak Abdellaoui, Anass Kettani, Rachid Saile, and Houda Bennani. "Étude de la Sensibilité Aux Huiles Essentielles de Cinnamomum Verum, Eucalyptus Globulus, et Glycyrrhiza Glabra L Ainsi qu’aux Antibiotiques de Certains Germes Issus de la Restauration Collective." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n3p584.

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Food safety is still a very important topic of interest. The use of medicinal plants extracts can be an efficient alternative for fighting food-borne infections in the face of the increase of resistance to antibiotics. We have studied the sensitivity of bacterial strains isolated from food outlets using commonly used antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone, Teicoplanin, Rifampicin and Amikacin). This was done using an antibiogram. We have also tested their sensitivity against essential oils extracted from medicinal plants (Cinnamomum verum, Eucalyptus globulus, and Glycyrrhiza glabra L) using aromatogram. This study was conducted using 27 bacterial strains, including 9 Escherichia coli strains, 9 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 9 Salmonella spp. strains, and 3 ATCC strains (E. coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 et Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028). Results revealed that two plant extracts has a substantial antibacterial activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 10 to 25 mm, and it reached 35 mm when using a cocktail of plant extracts. Regarding the antibiotics we used, all strains of Salmonella spp. demonstrated a resistance to amoxicillin and to ceftriaxone. The tested strains of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus had a partial resistance to the tested antibiotics, which confirms the results of previous studies.

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Tan, Michelle S. F., Sadequr Rahman, and Gary A. Dykes. "Pectin and Xyloglucan Influence the Attachment of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes to Bacterial Cellulose-Derived Plant Cell Wall Models." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 2 (November 13, 2015): 680–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02609-15.

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ABSTRACTMinimally processed fresh produce has been implicated as a major source of foodborne microbial pathogens globally. These pathogens must attach to the produce in order to be transmitted. Cut surfaces of produce that expose cell walls are particularly vulnerable. Little is known about the roles that different structural components (cellulose, pectin, and xyloglucan) of plant cell walls play in the attachment of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Using bacterial cellulose-derived plant cell wall models, we showed that the presence of pectin alone or xyloglucan alone affected the attachment of threeSalmonella entericastrains (Salmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Enteritidis ATCC 13076,Salmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028, andSalmonella entericasubsp.indicaM4) andListeria monocytogenesATCC 7644. In addition, we showed that this effect was modulated in the presence of both polysaccharides. Assays using pairwise combinations ofS.Typhimurium ATCC 14028 andL. monocytogenesATCC 7644 showed that bacterial attachment to all plant cell wall models was dependent on the characteristics of the individual bacterial strains and was not directly proportional to the initial concentration of the bacterial inoculum. This work showed that bacterial attachment was not determined directly by the plant cell wall model or bacterial physicochemical properties. We suggest that attachment of theSalmonellastrains may be influenced by the effects of these polysaccharides on physical and structural properties of the plant cell wall model. Our findings improve the understanding of howSalmonella entericaandListeria monocytogenesattach to plant cell walls, which may facilitate the development of better ways to prevent the attachment of these pathogens to such surfaces.

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Nascimento, Maristela S., Joyce A. Carminati, Karen N. Morishita, Dionísio P. Amorim Neto, Hildete P. Pinheiro, and Rafael P. Maia. "Long-term kinetics of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 survival on peanuts and peanut confectionery products." PLOS ONE 13, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): e0192457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192457.

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García-Quintanilla, Meritxell, and Josep Casadesús. "Virulence plasmid interchange between strains ATCC 14028, LT2, and SL1344 of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium." Plasmid 65, no. 2 (March 2011): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plasmid.2010.12.001.

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Kim, A. Y., and D. W. Thayer. "Mechanism by which gamma irradiation increases the sensitivity of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 to heat." Applied and environmental microbiology 62, no. 5 (1996): 1759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.5.1759-1763.1996.

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Obistioiu, Diana, Ileana Cocan, Emil Tîrziu, Viorel Herman, Monica Negrea, Alexandra Cucerzan, Alina-Georgeta Neacsu, et al. "Phytochemical Profile and Microbiological Activity of Some Plants Belonging to the Fabaceae Family." Antibiotics 10, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060662.

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This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and the activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) (ATCC 19615), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (ATCC 27853), Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) (ATCC 12022), Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) (ATCC 14028), Haemophillus influenzae (H. influenza) type B (ATCC 10211) and two fungal strains: Candida albicans (C. albicans) (ATCC 10231) and Candida parapsilopsis (C. parapsilopsis) (ATCC 22019) of the extracts obtained from Melilotus officinalis (MO), Coronilla varia (CV); Ononis spinosa (OS) and Robinia pseudoacacia (RP) (Fabaceae), and to identify the chemical compounds responsible for the antimicrobial effect against the tested strains. The extracts were obtained by conventional hydroalcoholic extraction and analyzed in terms of total polyphenols using the spectrophotometric method and by liquid chromatography (LC). The results have shown that the highest polyphenols content was recorded in the RP sample (16.21 mg gallic acid equivalent GAE/g), followed by the CV (15.06 mg GAE/g), the OS (13.17 mg GAE/g), the lowest value being recorded for the MO sample (11.94 mg GAE/g). The antimicrobial testing of plant extracts was carried out using the microdilution method. The most sensitive strains identified were: E. coli, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes, while protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol were identified as the chemical compounds responsible for the antibacterial effect. The analysis of the correlation between the chemical composition and the antimicrobial effect proved a moderate (r > 0.5) positive correlation between rosmarinic acid and S. pyogenes (r = 0.526), rosmarinic acid and S. typhimurium (r = 0.568), quercetin and C. albicans (r = 0.553), quercetin and S. pyogenes (r = 0.605). Therefore, it suggested possible antimicrobial activity generated by these chemical components. The results recommend the Fabaceae plants as promising candidates for further research to develop novel natural antimicrobial drugs.

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Muñoz A., Ramón, Selma Santome, and Jorge León Q. "Actividad antibacteriana de extractos hexánico y etanólico de macroalgas marinas de la Bahía de Ancón, Lima – Perú." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 31, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): e17829. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v31i2.17829.

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En el presente trabajo se evaluaron las actividades antimicrobianas de extractos etanólicos y hexánicos de nueve especies de macroalgas marinas recolectadas en la zona intermareal de la playa San Francisco, Ancón, de Lima, Perú. La evaluación se realizó in vitro frente a un panel de bacterias estándar Gram positivas (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 y Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51922) y Gram negativas (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 y Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028). Los extractos etanólicos fueron de mayor rendimiento (67%) en comparación a los hexánicos (33%), en especial frente a los Gram positivos, siendo el extracto obtenido de Ulva enteromorpha var. intestinalis y U. nematoidea los más activos frente a S. aureus ATCC 6538 (74.1 y 78.2 % de inhibición, respectivamente). Los extractos etanólicos de Cladophora sp y U. nematoidea frente a B. subtilis ATCC 6633 presentaron inhibiciones entre moderada y baja (52.5 y 33%, respectivamente). Los extractos etanólicos de U. enteromorpha y Cladophora sp frente a S. Typhimurium presentaron solo 40% de inhibición. El extracto etanólico de Cladophora sp fue el único que presentó actividad antimicrobiana frente a las cinco cepas bacterianas y fue elegida para determinar la Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria (CMI), que resultó en 12.5 y 25 mg/ml frente a B. subtilis ATCC 6633 y S. aureus ATCC 6538, respectivamente. Se concluye que, la mayoría de las macroalgas estudiadas contienen compuestos inhibitorios, cuyos extractos etanólico y hexánico son capaces de inhibir el crecimiento de bacterias patógenas.

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Atef, Maryam, Yasmina Ait Chait, Seyed Mahdi Ojagh, Ali Mohammad Latifi, Mina Esmaeili, Riadh Hammami, and Chibuike C. Udenigwe. "Anti-Salmonella Activity and Peptidomic Profiling of Peptide Fractions Produced from Sturgeon Fish Skin Collagen (Huso huso) Using Commercial Enzymes." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 2657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082657.

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This study investigated peptide fractions from fish skin collagen for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains. The collagen was hydrolyzed with six commercial proteases, including trypsin, Alcalase, Neutrase, Flavourzyme, pepsin and papain. Hydrolyzed samples obtained with trypsin and Alcalase had the largest number of small peptides (molecular weight <10 kDa), while the hydrolysate produced with papain showed the lowest degree of hydrolysis and highest number of large peptides. Four hydrolysates were found to inhibit the growth of the Gram-negative bacteria, with papain hydrolysate showing the best activity against E. coli, and Neutrase and papain hydrolysates showing the best activity against S. abony; hydrolysates produced with trypsin and pepsin did not show detectable antibacterial activity. After acetone fractionation of the latter hydrolysates, the peptide fractions demonstrated enhanced dose-dependent inhibition of the growth (colony-forming units) of four Salmonella strains, including S. abony (NCTC 6017), S. typhimurium (ATCC 13311), S. typhimurium (ATCC 14028) and S. chol (ATCC 10708). Shotgun peptidomics analysis of the acetone fractions of Neutrase and papain hydrolysates resulted in the identification of 71 and 103 peptides, respectively, with chain lengths of 6–22 and 6–24, respectively. This work provided an array of peptide sequences from fish skin collagen for pharmacophore identification, structure–activity relationship studies, and further investigation as food-based antibacterial agents against pathogenic microorganisms.

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Nyoto, Abigail, Charis Amarantini, Tri Yahya Budiarso, and Vinsa Cantya Prakasita. "Antibacterial Activity of Bacteriocin of Bifidobacterium longum against Salmonella typhimurium." Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 9, no. 11 (November 27, 2021): 379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2021.v09i11.008.

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Salmonella typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis. Until now, antibiotics have been used to treat gastroenteritis. Nowadays, some antibiotics have become resistant to a variety of pathogens. Therefore, alternative treatments based on natural ingredients need to be explored. Lactic acid bacteria, or so-called probiotics, that are naturally found in human digestion have been studied for their antibacterial properties, such as bacteriocins. The purpose of this study is to see if bacteriocin from Bifidobacterium longum FNCC 0210 has any inhibitory activity against Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 in vitro. Bacteriocin was extracted from B. longum as cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) in MRS broth, which was neutralized at pH 6.5 with 1 N NaOH and heated at 100°C for 10 minutes. The antibacterial assay of B. longum bacteriocin against S. typhimurium was performed with the agar-well diffusion method with concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25% (v/v), and determined based on the diameter of the zone of inhibition (mm). The results of the tests revealed that B. longum CFCS 100% (v/v) had the highest antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium with intermediate category. This study provides information on the ability of B. longum bacteriocin that has antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens.

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Lamb, Thaís Aparecida, Amanda Luísa Stroher, Alberto Valdameri, Vanderlei Biolchi, and Mônica Jachetti Maciel. "Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana in vitro do gás ozônio." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 12, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2021.006.0013.

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Com o surgimento de microrganismos resistentes à antimicrobianos busca-se métodos alternativos, que sejam eficientes e sustentáveis. O ozônio, um gás instável e oxidante, apresenta-se como uma possibilidade frente a esse problema pois pode atuar na eliminação de vírus, bactérias, fungos e parasitos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro do gás ozônio em meios com grande quantidade de contaminação microbiana. Foram utilizadas duas concentrações do gás (2,5 e 10 ppm) nos tempos de contato de 30 minutos, 1, 2 e 4 horas em cepas bacterianas e fúngicas padronizadas e não padronizadas (Enterococcus faecalis- ATCC 19433, Listeria monocytogenes- ATCC 1911, Pseudomonas aeruginosa – ATCC 27853, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus- ATCC 25923, Aspergillus niger – fungo filamentoso isolado do ambiente e a levedura Candida albicans- ATCC 10231) nas concentrações de 105 e 106 UFC/mL. O ozônio a 2,5 ppm apresentou ação antimicrobiana frente a todos os microrganismos na concentração 105 UFC/ mL, exceto em E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa e S. Typhimurium na concentração 106 UFC/mL. Na concentração de 10 ppm, todos os microrganismos tiveram redução em 105 UFC/mL, e somente C. albicans foi eliminada nas duas concentrações de ozônio. O ozônio, frente aos microrganismos e concentrações utilizadas, apresentou atividade antimicrobiana, principalmente na concentração de 10 ppm, constituindo, assim, um método alternativo e eficiente na eliminação de patógenos.

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DHAKAL, JANAK, CHANDER S. SHARMA, RAMAKRISHNA NANNAPANENI, CHRISTOPHER D. McDANIEL, TAEJO KIM, and AARON KIESS. "Effect of Chlorine-Induced Sublethal Oxidative Stress on the Biofilm-Forming Ability of Salmonella at Different Temperatures, Nutrient Conditions, and Substrates." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-119.

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ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chlorine-induced oxidative stress on biofilm formation by various Salmonella strains on polystyrene and stainless steel (SS) surfaces at three temperatures (30, 25 [room temperature], and 4°C) in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and 1/10 TSB. Fifteen Salmonella strains (six serotypes) were exposed to a sublethal chlorine concentration (150 ppm of total chlorine) in TSB for 2 h at the predetermined temperatures. The biofilm-forming ability of the Salmonella strains was determined in 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates by using a crystal violet staining method and on SS coupons in 24-well tissue culture plates. All tested strains of Salmonella produced biofilms on both surfaces tested at room temperature and at 30°C. Of the 15 strains tested, none (chlorine stressed and nonstressed) formed biofilm at 4°C. At 30°C, Salmonella Heidelberg (ID 72), Salmonella Newport (ID 107), and Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) formed more biofilm than did their respective nonstressed controls on polystyrene (P ≤ 0.05). At room temperature, only stressed Salmonella Reading (ID 115) in 1/10 TSB had significantly more biofilm formation than did the nonstressed control cells (P ≤ 0.05). Salmonella strains formed more biofilm in nutrient-deficient medium (1/10 TSB) than in full-strength TSB. At 25°C, chlorine-stressed Salmonella Heidelberg (ATCC 8326) and Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 4931) formed stronger biofilms on SS coupons (P ≤ 0.05) than did the nonstressed cells. These findings suggest that certain strains of Salmonella can produce significantly stronger biofilms on plastic and SS upon exposure to sublethal chlorine.

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RISER, EVE C., JOSEPH GRABOWSKI, and EDWARD P. GLEN. "Effect of the Normal Microflora on Survival of Salmonella typhimurium Inoculated into a Hydroponic Nutrient Solution." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.10.879.

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Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028) was inoculated into nutrient solution collected from a hydroponic lettuce farm. The objective was to determine the effect of the presence or absence of the normal microflora of the nutrient solution on growth and persistence of Salmonella. In the unsterilized nutrient solution, Salmonella did not exceed 104 CFU ml−1, even when introduced at that concentration in the presence of a starting total aerobic count of 103 CFU ml−1 for the normal flora. Growth of Salmonella appeared to be suppressed, while that of the normal flora was unaffected and reached the usual level of 105 – 106 CFU ml−1 by 24 h. The normal microflora apparently restricted growth of Salmonella, and by 48 h after its introduction, Salmonella counts were decreasing. Salmonella inoculated into filter-sterilized nutrient solution grew rapidly to as high as 108 CFU ml−1, demonstrating that the nutrient solution contained the elements necessary to promote exponential growth of the bacterium. However, the fact that these levels were not achieved in the presence of other organisms, strongly suggests that Salmonella could not compete favorably with the normal flora of the hydroponic system.

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Boreiko, Sheila, Agnes T. P. Machado, Júlio C. Stiirmer, Jorge Iulek, and Marcio Silva. "Bactericidal Activity and Structural Studies of the Steviol Derivative 17- Hydroxy-16-hydroxyiminobayeran-19-oic Acid." Current Bioactive Compounds 16, no. 2 (April 23, 2020): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573407214666180803140947.

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Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the routine use of antibiotics has led to the increase of microbial resistance. Thus, the search for new compounds that present antimicrobial activity must be constant. This study reports the bactericidal activity assay of the steviol derivative 17-hydroxy-16-hydroxyiminobayeran-19-oic acid against various bacteria and structural studies by quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics. Methods: Bactericidal activity assays of the steviol derivative 17-hydroxy-16-hydroxyiminobayeran-19- oic acid against Salmonella typhimurium [ATCC 14028], Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 6538], Bacillus cereus [ATCC 11778], Helicobacter pylori [ATCC 26695], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ATCC 27853], Escherichia coli [ATCC 25922] and Bacillus subtilis [ATCC 23857] were performed, as well as structural studies by quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics. Results: The results show that the compound exhibits activity towards S. typhimurium, what makes it an interesting compound for future studies on the development of antibiotics against this bacteria. An intramolecular hydrogen bond does not seem to be maintained in solution, therefore, corresponding moieties should be prone to interactions with their surroundings. Conclusions: The results indicate that the title compound exhibits activity towards S. typhimurium, what sums up to similar results from other steviol derivatives and stevioside, thus reinforcing the potential of these compounds for future studies on the development of antibiotics against this bacteria. The potential energy surface for the selected torsion angles and molecular dynamics have revealed that an intramolecular hydrogen bond, though slightly energetically favorable, does not seem to be maintained in solution; therefore, corresponding moieties should be prone to interactions with their surroundings, an important feature in further studies involving inhibitor/drug design from this compound.

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CUTTER, CATHERINE N. "The Effectiveness of Triclosan-Incorporated Plastic against Bacteria on Beef Surfaces†." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.5.474.

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Triclosan is a nonionic, broad-spectrum, antimicrobial agent that has been incorporated into a variety of personal hygiene products, including hand soaps, deodorants, shower gels, mouthwashes, and toothpastes. In this study, plastic containing 1,500 ppm of triclosan was evaluated in plate overlay assays and meat experiments as a means of reducing populations of bacteria. Plate overlay assays indicated that the triclosan-incorporated plastic (TIP) inhibited the following organisms: Brochothrix thermosphacta ATCC 11509, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12598, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051, Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and several strains of E. coli O157:H7. In meat experiment 1, irradiated, lean beef surfaces inoculated with B. thermosphacta, Salmonella Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7, or B. subtilis were covered with TIP, vacuum packaged, and stored for 24 h at 4°C. Of the organisms tested, only populations of B. thermosphacta were slightly reduced. In meat experiment 2, prerigor beef surfaces were inoculated with E. coli O157: H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, or B. thermosphacta incubated at 4°C for 24 h, wrapped in TIP or control plastic, vacuum packaged, and stored at 4°C for up to 14 days. There was a slight reduction in the population of the organisms after initial application with TIP. However, bacterial populations following long-term, refrigerated (4°C), vacuum-packaged storage up to 14 days were not statistically (P≤ 0.05) or numerically different than controls. In meat experiment 3, even TIP-wrapped, vacuum-packaged beef samples that were temperature abused at 12°C did not exhibit significant (P ≤ 0.05) or sustainable reductions after 14 days of 4°C storage. Another study indicated that populations of E. coli O157:H7 or B. thermosphacta added directly to TIP were not affected after 2 h of refrigerated storage or that the antimicrobial activity could be extracted from the plastic. Additional experiments suggest that presence of fatty acids or adipose may diminish the antimicrobial activity of TIP on meat surfaces. This study demonstrates that while antimicrobial activity is detected against bacterial cultures in antimicrobial plate assays, plastic containing 1,500 ppm of triclosan does not effectively reduce bacterial populations on refrigerated, vacuum-packaged meat surfaces.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028'

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