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Journal articles on the topic 'Salmonella enterica Serovar Sofia'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

CHIA, T. W. R., N. FEGAN, T. A. McMEEKIN, and G. A. DYKES. "Salmonella Sofia Differs from Other Poultry-Associated Salmonella Serovars with Respect to Cell Surface Hydrophobicity." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 2421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.12.2421.

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Salmonella enterica is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Salmonella enterica subsp. II 4,12:b:– (Salmonella Sofia) is commonly found in Australian poultry. It has been suggested that physicochemical properties such as surface charge and hydrophobicity may affect bacterial attachment to surfaces and their ability to persist in food systems. A possible link between hydrophobicity cell surface charge and persistence of Salmonella from the poultry system was examined. Hydrophobicity of Salmonella Sofia (n = 14), Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 6), Salmonella Infantis (n = 3), and Salmonella Virchow (n = 2) was assayed using hydrophobic interaction chromatography, bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons (BATH), using xylene or hexadecane, and the contact angle method (CAM). Cellular surface charge (CSC) of the isolates was determined using zeta potential measurements. The majority (12 of 14) of Salmonella Sofia isolates were found to be hydrophobic when assayed using BATH with xylene, except isolates S1635 and S1636, and the other serovars were found to be hydrophilic. Salmonella Sofia isolates were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from isolates of other serovars as measured by hydrophobic interaction, BATH with hexadecane, or the CAM. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in zeta potential measurements were observed between isolates. Principal component analysis using results from all four measures of hydrophobicity allowed clear differentiation between isolates of the serovar Salmonella Sofia (except S1635 and S1636) and those of other Salmonella serovars. Differences in physicochemical properties may be a contributing factor to the Salmonella Sofia serovar's ability to attach to surfaces and persist in a food system.

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2

Gan, Emily, Fiona J. Baird, Peter J. Coloe, and Peter M. Smooker. "Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Sofia, an avirulent species in Australian poultry." Microbiology 157, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 1056–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.047001-0.

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Salmonella enterica serovar Sofia (S. Sofia) is often isolated from chickens in Australia. However, despite its high frequency of isolation from chicken and chicken meat products, S. Sofia is rarely associated with animal or human salmonellosis, presumably because this serovar is avirulent in nature. The objective of this work was to investigate the phenotypic and molecular properties of S. Sofia in order to assess its pathogenic potential. Our in vivo studies support the observation that this serovar can colonize tissues, but does not cause disease in chickens. This was further confirmed with tissue culture assays, which showed that the ability of S. Sofia to adhere, invade and survive intracellularly is significantly diminished compared with the pathogenic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) 82/6915. Molecular analysis of Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) showed that most of the differences observed in SPI1 to SPI5 of S. Sofia could be attributed to minor changes in the sequences, as indicated by a loss or gain of restriction cleavage sites within these regions. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the majority of virulence genes identified were predicted to encode proteins sharing a high identity (75–100 %) with corresponding proteins from S. Typhimurium. However, a number of virulence genes in S. Sofia have accumulated mutations predicted to affect transcription and/or translation. The avirulence of this serovar is probably not the result of a single genetic change but rather of a series of alterations in a large number of virulence-associated genes. The acquisition of any single virulence gene will almost certainly not be sufficient to restore S. Sofia virulence.

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3

HARAPAS, DEAN, ROBERT PREMIER, BRUCE TOMKINS, GRAHAM HEPWORTH, and SAID AJLOUNI. "Shoot Injury Increases the Level of Persistence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Sofia and Listeria innocua on Cos Lettuce and of Salmonella enterica Serovar Sofia on Chive." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 12 (December 1, 2015): 2150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-141.

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Minor shoot injury significantly (P < 0.05) increased the level at which Salmonella enterica serovar Sofia persisted on cos lettuce in the greenhouse. Initial mean counts of the Salmonella on the injured and uninjured cos lettuce were on the order of 6 log CFU/g. After 3 days, the mean count decreased to 4.8 log CFU/g on the injured plants compared with the significantly (P < 0.05) smaller count of 3.4 log CFU/g on the uninjured plants. By the end of the 3-week experiment, the count from the injured plants was 2.9 log CFU/g compared with a count of below the level of detection from the uninjured plants. A similar pattern of bacterial persistence was observed on injured versus uninjured plants by using Listeria innocua on cos lettuce and S. enterica serovar Sofia on chive. The findings reaffirm earlier results with Escherichia coli and increase the impetus to avoid shoot injury during the production of cos lettuce and chive, if bacteria of food safety concern are present.

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4

Ross, Ian L., Rina Willmore, and Michael W. Heuzenroeder. "A fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism study of Salmonella enterica serovar Sofia, the major Salmonella serovar isolated from chickens in Australia." International Journal of Medical Microbiology 293, no. 5 (January 2003): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1438-4221-00272.

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5

Cooper, Caitlin, Sean C. Moore, Robert J. Moore, P. Scott Chandry, and Narelle Fegan. "Salmonella enterica subsp. salamae serovar Sofia, a prevalent serovar in Australian broiler chickens, is also capable of transient colonisation in layers." British Poultry Science 59, no. 3 (March 14, 2018): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2018.1447083.

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6

Duffy, Lesley L., Gary A. Dykes, and Narelle Fegan. "A review of the ecology, colonization and genetic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Sofia, a prolific but avirulent poultry serovar in Australia." Food Research International 45, no. 2 (March 2012): 770–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.04.024.

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7

Ribeiro, Simone Alves Mendes, Jaqueline Boldrin de Paiva, Fábio Zotesso, Manoel Victor Franco Lemos, and Ângelo Berchieri Júnior. "Molecular differentiation between Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar Pullorum and Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar Gallinarum." Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 1 (March 2009): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-83822009000100032.

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8

Clavijo, Raul I., Cindy Loui, Gary L. Andersen, Lee W. Riley, and Sangwei Lu. "Identification of Genes Associated with Survival of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis in Chicken Egg Albumen." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 2 (February 2006): 1055–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.2.1055-1064.2006.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica consists of over 2,000 serovars that are major causes of morbidity and mortality associated with contaminated food. Despite similarities among serovars of Salmonella enterica, many demonstrate unique host specificities, epidemiological characteristics, and clinical manifestations. One of the unique epidemiological characteristics of the serovar Enteritidis is that it is the only bacterium routinely transmitted to humans through intact chicken eggs. Therefore, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis must be able to persist inside chicken eggs to be transmitted to humans, and its survival in egg is important for its transmission to the human population. The ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis to survive in and transmit through eggs may have contributed to its drastically increased prevalence in the 1980s and 1990s. In the present study, using transposon-mediated mutagenesis, we have identified genes important for the association of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis with chicken eggs. Our results indicate that genes involved in cell wall structural and functional integrity, and nucleic acid and amino acid metabolism are important for Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis to persist in egg albumen. Two regions unique to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis were also identified, one of which enhanced the survival of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolate in egg albumen. The implication of our results to the serovar specificity of Salmonella enterica is also explored in the present study.

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9

Admassu, Dawit, Gudina Egata, and Zelalem Teklemariam. "Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi among febrile patients at Karamara Hospital, Jigjiga, eastern Ethiopia." SAGE Open Medicine 7 (January 2019): 205031211983785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312119837854.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi among febrile patients at Karamara Hospital, Jigjiga, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 febrile patients presumptive of enteric fever ( Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi) at Karamara Hospital from 15 February to 20 March 2016. Venous blood was collected, cultured, and biochemical tests were performed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for each isolate using modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique. Results: The overall prevalence of enteric fever ( Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi) was 11%. The prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (7%) was higher than Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi (4%). The odds of having enteric fever were higher among the study participants aged 31–45 years and with previous history of enteric fever. Most of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates were sensitive to tetracycline (78.6%), gentamycin (64.3%), and ceftriaxone (64%), while most of the isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi were sensitive to tetracycline (100%), gentamycin (100%), and ciprofloxacin (62.5%). All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Multidrug resistances were found among most of the isolates. Conclusion: A high prevalence of enteric fever and drug resistance to most commonly prescribed antimicrobials were observed in this study. Those of old age with previous history of enteric infection were more affected by enteric fever. Health information should be given about the transmission, prevention of enteric fever, and antimicrobial use. The treatment of enteric fever should be supported by antimicrobial susceptibility tests in the study areas.

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10

Liu, Gui-Rong, Andrea Rahn, Wei-Qiao Liu, Kenneth E. Sanderson, Randal N. Johnston, and Shu-Lin Liu. "The Evolving Genome of Salmonella enterica Serovar Pullorum." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 10 (May 15, 2002): 2626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.10.2626-2633.2002.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum is a fowl-adapted bacterial pathogen that causes dysentery (pullorum disease). Host adaptation and special pathogenesis make S. enterica serovar Pullorum an exceptionally good system for studies of bacterial evolution and speciation, especially regarding pathogen-host interactions and the acquisition of pathogenicity. We constructed a genome map of S. enterica serovar Pullorum RKS5078, using I-CeuI, XbaI, AvrII, and SpeI and Tn10 insertions. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was employed to separate the large DNA fragments generated by the endonucleases. The genome is 4,930 kb, which is similar to most salmonellas . However, the genome of S. enterica serovar Pullorum RKS5078 is organized very differently from the majority of salmonellas, with three major inversions and one translocation. This extraordinary genome structure was seen in most S. enterica serovar Pullorum strains examined, with different structures in a minority of S. enterica serovar Pullorum strains. We describe the coexistence of different genome structures among the same bacteria as genomic plasticity. Through comparisons with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, we resolved seven putative insertions and eight deletions ranging in size from 12 to 157 kb. The genomic plasticity seen among S. enterica serovar Pullorum strains supported our hypothesis about its association with bacterial evolution: a large genomic insertion (157 kb in this case) disrupted the genomic balance, and rebalancing by independent recombination events in individual lineages resulted in diverse genome structures. As far as the structural plasticity exists, the S. enterica serovar Pullorum genome will continue evolving to reach a further streamlined and balanced structure.

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11

Wilson, J. Sian, Sarah M. Hazel, Nicola J. Williams, Amos Phiri, Nigel P. French, and C. Anthony Hart. "Nontyphoidal Salmonellae in United Kingdom Badgers: Prevalence and Spatial Distribution." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 7 (July 2003): 4312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.7.4312-4315.2003.

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ABSTRACT Eighteen (72%) of 25 badger social groups were found to excrete Salmonella enterica serovar Ried, S. enterica serovar Binza, S. enterica serovar Agama, or S. enterica serovar Lomita. Each serovar was susceptible to a panel of antimicrobials. Based on results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the S. enterica serovar Agama and S. enterica serovar Binza isolates were very similar, but two clones each of S. enterica serovar Lomita and S. enterica serovar Ried were found. Badgers excreting S. enterica serovar Agama were spatially clustered.

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12

Tarazi, Yaser H., Abdallah F. Al Dwekat, and Zuhair Bani Ismail. "Molecular characterization of Salmonella spp. isolates from river and dam water, irrigated vegetables, livestock, and poultry manures in Jordan." March-2021 14, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.813-819.

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Background and Aim: Salmonellosis is an important food-borne and zoonotic disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. The objectives of this study were to isolate, serotype, and genetically characterize Salmonella spp. from Zarqa river and King Talal dam waters, vegetables irrigated by such waters, and manure of poultry and livestock farms located in the Zarqa river basin in Jordan. In addition, certain virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated Salmonella strains were determined. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 samples were cultured using routine microbiological methods. Suspected Salmonella spp. were identified based on colony morphology and confirmed using biochemical and molecular methods. Virulence genes including invA, stn, and pCT plasmid were detected using multiplex PCR. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: In total, 32/250 (12.8%) Salmonella spp. isolates were recovered from different sources. Of these, the most common serotype was Salmonella subspecies 1 (23 isolates), followed by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (4 isolates), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (3 isolates), and finally Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (2 isolates). The PFGE indicated that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from poultry manure and from parsley were closely related (84.6%). Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from the dam water was closely related to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from spearmint (73.8%). Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from the river and dam water were 100% related to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from lettuce. In the antimicrobial sensitivity test, 14 out of 32 (43.8%) isolated Salmonella strains were resistant to two or more of the major antimicrobial agent groups. However, the majority of isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, and gentamicin (97%, 93.8%, and 87.5%, 84.4%, respectively). All isolates were resistant to erythromycin and amoxicillin. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate a serious potential threat to public health associated with consuming leafy green vegetables grown on the banks of Zarqa river and its dam because of widespread Salmonella spp. contamination. Appropriate monitoring of irrigation water must be applied to reduce the possibility of cross-contamination.

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13

Lu, Sangwei, Patrick B. Killoran, and Lee W. Riley. "Association of Salmonella enterica SerovarEnteritidis YafD with Resistance to Chicken EggAlbumen." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 12 (December 2003): 6734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.12.6734-6741.2003.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a major cause of food-borne diseases in industrialized countries. The incidence of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis infections has increased substantially in recent decades, and S. enterica serovar Enteritidis is now one of the leading serovars of Salmonella in the United States. A unique epidemiological characteristic of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis is its association with chicken shell eggs, since approximately 80% of all human gastrointestinal diseases can be traced to contaminated egg products. Eggs are contaminated when bacteria from reproductive tissues of infected hens are packaged into the eggs and persist inside the hostile egg albumen environment. Therefore, resistance to egg albumen is an important aspect in the transmission of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis. We identified a gene, yafD from S. enterica serovar Enteritidis, whose overexpression conferred upon S. enterica serovar Typhimurium enhanced resistance to egg albumen, while disruption of this gene in S. enterica serovar Enteritidis rendered the organism more susceptible to egg albumen. YafD is homologous to members of an exonuclease-endonuclease-phosphatase family, including some enzymes involved in DNA repair. Furthermore, we discovered that egg albumen has nuclease activities and uses both circular and linear DNA as substrates. We propose that YafD provides a survival advantage to S. enterica serovar Enteritidis in eggs by repairing DNA damage caused by egg albumen and that it may be one of the biologic determinants that contribute to the epidemiological association of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis with egg products.

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14

Pranamartha, Marvy Khrisna. "FAKTOR VIRULENSI Salmonella enterica SEROVAR TYPHI." Intisari Sains Medis 4, no. 1 (December 15, 2015): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/ism.v4i1.51.

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15

Fajardo-Olivares, Miguel, Javier Blanco-Palenciano, Alicia Beteta-López, and Lorena Vega-Prado. "Epididimitis por Salmonella enterica serovar. typhimurium." Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 22, no. 5 (January 2004): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0213-005x(04)73099-2.

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16

Fajardo-Olivares, Miguel, Javier Blanco-Palenciano, Alicia Beteta-López, and Lorena Vega-Prado. "Epididimitis por Salmonella enterica serovar. typhimurium." Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 22, no. 5 (May 2004): 310b—311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13059833.

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17

Sheela, Ruby R., Uma Babu, Jie Mu, Subbiah Elankumaran, Daniel A. Bautista, Richard B. Raybourne, Robert A. Heckert, and Wenxia Song. "Immune Responses against Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Infection in Virally Immunosuppressed Chickens." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, no. 4 (July 2003): 670–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.4.670-679.2003.

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ABSTRACT To understand the role of immune mechanisms in protecting chickens from Salmonella infections, we examined the immune responses of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis-infected chickens and the effect of chicken anemia virus (CAV), a T-cell-targeted virus, on S. enterica serovar Enteritidis-induced immune responses. One-day-old chicks were orally inoculated with S. enterica serovar Enteritidis with or without intramuscular injection of CAV. The bacterial infection, pathology, and immune responses of chickens were evaluated at 14, 28, and 56 days postinoculation. The infection increased the levels of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis-specific mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA), the number of gut-associated T cells, and the titer of serum IgG specific for S. enterica serovar Enteritidis surface antigens. CAV infection depressed these immune responses, especially the mucosal immune responses, but did not increase the number of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis-infected cells in the intestine. The severity of pathological lesions appeared to be reciprocal to the level of immune responses, but the S. enterica serovar Enteritidis infection persisted. These results suggest that oral infection of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis in chickens induces both mucosal and systemic immune responses, which have a limited effect on the S. enterica serovar Enteritidis infection under conditions designed to mimic the field situation.

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18

Rakov, Alexey V., Anatoly A. Yakovlev, and Viacheslav V. Sinkov. "First Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Enteritidis Isolated from the Chicken Meat in Russia." Proceedings 76, no. 1 (November 2, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecge-07154.

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Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the most common zoonotic pathogens. We report here the genome sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis S-25048 isolated from chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) meat in Artyom, Russia. The assembled genome size was 4,695,145 bp. A total of 4565 coding genes, four rRNAs, 62 tRNAs, and 14 noncoding RNAs were predicted. To our knowledge, this is the first publically deposited annotated genome of this serovar isolated in Russia. The Salmonella Enteritidis S-25048 genome is suitable for use as a reference strain of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated in Russia.

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van der Straaten, Tahar, Riny Janssen, Dik J. Mevius, and Jaap T. van Dissel. "Salmonella Gene rma (ramA) and Multiple-Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 6 (June 2004): 2292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.6.2292-2294.2004.

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ABSTRACT MarA and its homologue, RamA, have been implicated in multidrug resistance (MDR). RamA overexpression in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli conferred MDR independently of marA. Inactivation of ramA did not affect the antibiotic susceptibilities of wild-type S. enterica serovar Typhimurium or 15 unrelated clinical MDR isolates. Thus, ramA overexpression is not a common MDR mechanism in Salmonella.

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Hoszowski, Andrzej, and Dariusz Wasyl. "Typing of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Mbandaka isolates." Veterinary Microbiology 80, no. 2 (May 2001): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00382-5.

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21

Frech, Gabriele, and Stefan Schwarz. "Tetracycline Resistance in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Dublin." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 1288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.42.5.1288.

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ABSTRACT The 47-kbp plasmid pGFT1 from Salmonella entericasubsp. enterica serovar Dublin mediated tetracycline resistance via a tet(A) gene located on an integrated copy of a Tn1721-analogous transposon. The integration site of the transposon was located within the reading frame of afip gene. Plasmid pGFT1 was shown to be conjugative and to be able to replicate and express tetracycline resistance inEscherichia coli.

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Alvarez, Juan, Steffen Porwollik, Idoia Laconcha, Vassilis Gisakis, Ana Belén Vivanco, Iratxe Gonzalez, Susana Echenagusia, et al. "Detection of a Salmonella enterica Serovar California Strain Spreading in Spanish Feed Mills and Genetic Characterization with DNA Microarrays." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 12 (December 2003): 7531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.12.7531-7534.2003.

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ABSTRACT We performed an epidemiological study on Salmonella isolated from raw plant-based feed in Spanish mills. Overall, 32 different Salmonella serovars were detected. Despite its rare occurrence in humans and animals, Salmonella enterica serovar California was found to be the predominant serovar in Spanish feed mills. Different typing techniques showed that isolates of this serovar were genetically closely related, and comparative genomic hybridization using microarray technology revealed 23 S. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 gene clusters that are absent from serovar California.

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23

Faucher, Sébastien P., Roy Curtiss, and France Daigle. "Selective Capture of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Genes Expressed in Macrophages That Are Absent from the Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Genome." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 8 (August 2005): 5217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.8.5217-5221.2005.

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ABSTRACT Thirty-six Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi-specific genes, absent from the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium genome, that were expressed in human macrophages were identified by selective capture of transcribed sequences. These genes are located on 15 unique loci of the serovar Typhi genome, including Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI-7, SPI-8, and SPI-10) and bacteriophages (ST15, ST18, and ST35).

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Esteves, Cristina L. C., Bradley D. Jones, and Steven Clegg. "Biofilm Formation by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli on Epithelial Cells following Mixed Inoculations." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 8 (August 2005): 5198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.8.5198-5203.2005.

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ABSTRACT Biofilms were formed by inoculations of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli on HEp-2 cells. Inoculations of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and E. coli resulted in the formation of an extensive biofilm of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. In experiments where an E. coli biofilm was first formed followed by challenge with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, there was significant biofilm formation by S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. The results of this study indicate that S. enterica serovar Typhimurium can outgrow E. coli in heterologous infections and displace E. coli when it forms a biofilm on HEp-2 cells.

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25

Ahamed Riyaaz, Abdul Azeez, Vindya Perera, Sabaratnam Sivakumaran, and Nelun de Silva. "Typhoid Fever due to Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi: A Case Report and Literature Review." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4610246.

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Emergence of cephalosporin-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a cause of concern in the management of enteric fever. Cephalosporin resistance in Salmonella species is mainly due to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). The majority of ESBLs in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi are derivatives of the TEM, SHV, and CTX-M β-lactamase families. Of these, CTX-M appears to be predominant. This paper discusses the detection and molecular characterization of an ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain isolated from a patient who was admitted to a private hospital in Sri Lanka. The three main types of β-lactamases such as TEM, SHV, and CTX-M were identified in this isolate. This case report from Sri Lanka contributes to the knowledge of the increasingly reported cases of typhoid fever due to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi resistant to β-lactamase by ESBL production.

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Wulan, H. A., Nurjanah S., and W. P. Rahayu. "Sensitivity of enrichment-PCR method for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis analysis in chicken carcasses." Food Research 5, no. 2 (February 21, 2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(2).429.

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Salmonella spp. is Gram negative-pathogenic bacteria that usually found as a contaminant in chicken carcasses. This study was aimed to increase the sensitivity of PCR enrichment step and apply the enrichment-PCR combination to detect Salmonella in chicken carcasses. In this study were used Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis with the target genes were invA, STM4497, and respectively. A total of 25 g of the chicken carcasses were artificially contaminated by approximately 0.96 and 3.33 MPN/mL for each serovar separately. Samples were incubated in pre-enrichment and enrichment media for 8 hrs prior to the DNA extraction. The pre-enrichment and enrichment media was Buffered Peptone Water and Rappaport-Vassiliadis-soya. The result showed that the target genes of S. enterica ser. Hadar, S. enterica ser. Typhimurium and S. enterica ser. Enteritidis were detected in chicken carcasses, indicated by the presence of DNA band with the size was 429 bp, 311 bp and 135 bp respectively. These result in line with analysis using ISO method and BLAST-comparison analysis of DNA amplicon sequences with GenBank references. Application of this method for Salmonella detection in chicken carcasses sold in the traditional market showed a higher prevalence than the previous result without enrichment. All samples (n = 100) from unsanitary practice sellers were positively contaminated by Salmonella spp. and also high prevalence for S. enterica ser. Typhimurium and S. enterica ser. Enteritidis. It can be concluded that enrichment is an important step to increase the sensitivity detection of PCR method.

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Salgado, Clari J., Milka Zayas, and Robert Villafane. "Homology Between Two Different Salmonella Phages: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phage P22 and Salmonella enterica serovar Anatum var. 15 + Phageε34." Virus Genes 29, no. 1 (August 2004): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:viru.0000032792.86188.fb.

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Taneja, Neelam, Suma B. Appannanavar, Ajay Kumar, Garima Varma, Yashwant Kumar, Balvinder Mohan, and Meera Sharma. "Serotype profile and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated from gastroenteritis cases over nine years." Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.061416-0.

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Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is emerging worldwide. We report the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes in 53.4 % of NTS isolated over a period of nine years from gastroenteritis cases. ESBL and AmpC co-production was observed in 21 % of the isolates. Occurrence of bla CTX-M-15 and bla CMY-2 resistance genes was observed in 11.6 % and 37 % of the isolates respectively. Overall, Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg was the predominant serovar carrying bla CTX-M-15 and bla CMY-2 resistance genes. We report for the first time from India, one isolate each of S. enterica serovar Thompson, S. enterica serovar Infantis and S. enterica serovar Newport, carrying the bla CTX-M-15 gene. We also report for the first time from India, a case of gastroenteritis due to S. enterica serovar Thompson.

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Corrêa, Isadora M. O., Larissa Q. Pereira, Isabella G. O. Silva, Rafaela Altarugio, Bruna D. Smaniotto, Tarcísio M. Silva, Adriano S. Okamoto, and Raphael L. Andreatti Filho. "Comparison of three diagnostic methods for Salmonella enterica serovars detection in chicken rinse." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38, no. 7 (July 2018): 1300–1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5211.

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ABSTRACT: Salmonella detection is a key point in food safety testing, because of the frequent association of this pathogen with food poisoning in humans. The standard bacteriological tests currently used for Salmonella-detection are time-consuming; therefore, there is a need to develop alternative methods to accelerate the detection. In order to accelerate Salmonella diagnosis, we used the immunomagnetic separation assay associated with bacteriophage P22 for the rapid detection of the following Salmonella serovars in chicken rinses of drumsticks, artificially contaminated with 5, 10, and 100 CFU/25mL of bacteria: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). The efficiency of the technique, represented by the time required for detection of positive and negative samples, was compared with that of the standard diagnostic tests used for this pathogen, the bacteriological assay and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test. This study confirmed the ability of the bacteriophage-associated immunomagnetic separation assay to identify 99.6% of Salmonella-positive samples of the three serovars tested. In contrast, the bacteriological assay and PCR-based test detected 95.1% and 98.5% of the Salmonella-positive samples respectively.

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Foster, N., M. A. Lovell, K. L. Marston, S. D. Hulme, A. J. Frost, P. Bland, and P. A. Barrow. "Rapid Protection of Gnotobiotic Pigs against Experimental Salmonellosis following Induction of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes by Avirulent Salmonella enterica." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 4 (April 2003): 2182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.4.2182-2191.2003.

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ABSTRACT Oral inoculation of 5-day-old gnotobiotic pigs with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain F98 resulted in severe enteritis and invasive disease. Preinoculation 24 h earlier with an avirulent mutant of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis (1326/28) completely prevented disease for up to 14 days (when the experiment was terminated). S. enterica serovar Infantis colonized the alimentary tract well, with high bacterial counts in the intestinal lumen but with almost no invasion into the tissues. Unprotected pigs had high S. enterica serovar Typhimurium counts in the intestines, blood, and major nonintestinal organs. Recovery of this strain from the blood and major organs in S. enterica serovar Infantis-protected pigs was substantially reduced despite the fact that intestinal counts were also very high. Protection against disease thus did not involve a colonization exclusion phenomenon. Significant (P < 0.05) infiltration of monocytes/macrophages was observed in the submucosal regions of the intestines of both S. enterica serovar Infantis-protected S. enterica serovar Typhimurium-challenged pigs and unprotected S. enterica serovar Typhimurium-challenged pigs. However, only polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were observed throughout the villus, where significant (P < 0.05) numbers infiltrated the lamina propria and the subnuclear and supranuclear regions of the epithelia, indicating that PMN induction and positioning following S. enterica serovar Infantis inoculation was consistent with rapid protection against the challenge strain. Similarly, in vitro experiments using a human fetal intestinal epithelial cell line (INT 407) demonstrated that, although significantly (P < 0.05) fewer S. enterica serovar Infantis than S. enterica serovar Typhimurium organisms invaded the monolayers, S. enterica serovar Infantis induced an NF-κB response and significantly (P < 0.05) raised interleukin 8 levels and transmigration of porcine PMN. The results of this study suggest that attenuated Salmonella strains can protect the immature intestine against clinical salmonellosis by PMN induction. They also demonstrate that PMN induction is not necessarily associated with clinical symptoms and/or intestinal pathology.

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Saw, Seow Hoon, J. L. Mak, M. H. Tan, S. T. Teo, T. Y. Tan, M. Y. K. Cheow, C. A. Ong, et al. "Detection and quantification of Salmonella in fresh vegetables in Perak, Malaysia." Food Research 4, no. 2 (October 27, 2019): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(2).316.

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The eating of fresh and minimally processed vegetables is getting popular among Malaysians. This trend poses an increased risk of food poisoning associated with the consumption of fresh produce contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Salmonellosis is a foodborne disease caused by several non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars, predominantly serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp., S. enterica serovar Enteritidis and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium in fresh leafy vegetables such as cabbages (n = 40), lettuces (n = 20), and fruit vegetables such as tomatoes (n = 40), carrots (n = 40) and cucumbers (n = 40), which were sold by three different hypermarkets and a wet market in Kampar, Perak, Malaysia. The study was performed over a period of 13 months (January 2018 to January 2019). A combination of most probable number-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPN-mPCR) method was used to quantify the concentrations of Salmonella spp., S. enterica serovar Enteritidis and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium in the examined samples. The results of this study demonstrated that of the vegetables tested, tomatoes, carrots and lettuces were not contaminated by Salmonella spp., S. enterica serovar Enteritidis and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. However, the presence of Salmonella spp. was detected in 3.3% of cabbages from the hypermarket, with estimated microbial loads ranging from <3.0 MPN/g to 15.0 MPN/g. On the other hand, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium was detected in 10.0% of the cucumbers from hypermarkets and 20% of them from the wet market. Their microbial loads were ranging from <3.0 MPN/g to >1,100 MPN/g. This indicated that cabbages and cucumbers could be the potential sources of salmonellosis. Therefore, the monitoring of food safety and hygienic practices should be strictly enforced by relevant government agencies to avoid potential poisoning by foodborne pathogens.

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Allen, Chris A., Paula J. Fedorka-Cray, Andrés Vazquez-Torres, Mitsu Suyemoto, Craig Altier, L. Reeni Ryder, Ferric C. Fang, and Stephen J. Libby. "In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104 Virulence." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 4673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.7.4673-4677.2001.

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ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phage type DT104 has become a widespread cause of human and other animal infection worldwide. The severity of clinical illness inS. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 outbreaks has led to the suggestion that this strain possesses enhanced virulence. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo virulence-associated phenotypes of several clinical isolates of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 were examined and compared to S. entericaserovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s. The ability of these DT104 isolates to survive within murine peritoneal macrophages, invade cultured epithelial cells, resist antimicrobial actions of reactive oxygen and nitrogen compounds, and cause lethal infection in mice were assessed. Our results failed to demonstrate that S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 isolates are more virulent than S. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028s.

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Nesse, Live L., Kerstin Nordby, Even Heir, Bjarne Bergsjoe, Traute Vardund, Halvor Nygaard, and Gudmund Holstad. "Molecular Analyses of Salmonellaenterica Isolates from Fish Feed Factories and Fish Feed Ingredients." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 2 (February 2003): 1075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.2.1075-1081.2003.

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ABSTRACT Isolates of the most commonly observed salmonella serovars in Norwegian fish feed factories from 1998 to 2000 (Salmonella enterica serovar Agona, S. enterica serovar Montevideo, S. enterica serovar Senftenberg, and S. enterica serovar Kentucky) were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profile analysis and compared to isolates of the same serovars from fish feed ingredients, humans, and other sources (a total of 112 isolates). Within each serovar, a variety of distinct PFGE types (with similarity levels less than 90%) were observed in the feed ingredients and other sources, while only two distinct types of each serovar were identified in the factories. The combined results of PFGE and plasmid analyses showed that each factory harbored only a few S. enterica clones. Some of these clones persisted for at least 3 years in the factories, indicating that there was long-lasting contamination probably due to inadequate decontamination procedures.

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34

Lakshmaiah, V., M. S. Arun, A. Malini, and S. R. Prasad. "Polyserositis due to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 103, no. 11 (November 2009): 1180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.01.024.

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35

Fajardo-Olivares, Miguel, Manuela Rebollo-Vela, Esther Vergara-Prieto, and Javier Blanco-Palenciano. "Absceso preesternal por Salmonella enterica serovar. enteritidis." Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 25, no. 3 (March 2007): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0213-005x(07)74269-6.

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Baker, Stephen, and Gordon Dougan. "The Genome of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi." Clinical Infectious Diseases 45, Supplement_1 (July 15, 2007): S29—S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/518143.

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37

Navarro, F., T. Llovet, M. A. Echeita, P. Coll, A. Aladueña, M. A. Usera, and G. Prats. "Molecular typing of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi." Journal of clinical microbiology 34, no. 11 (1996): 2831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.34.11.2831-2834.1996.

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Webber, M. A., L. P. Randall, S. Cooles, M. J. Woodward, and L. J. V. Piddock. "Triclosan resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 62, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkn137.

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Bartoli, Federica, Adriano Guerra, Marisa Dolina, and Mario G. Bianchetti. "Salmonella enterica serovar Israel causing perforating appendicitis." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 14, no. 6 (June 2010): e538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.06.027.

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Olsen, John Elmerdahl, and Marianne Skov. "Genomic lineage of Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin." Veterinary Microbiology 40, no. 3-4 (June 1994): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(94)90116-3.

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41

Tezcan-Merdol, Dilek, Marianne LjungstrÃ¯Â¿Â½m, Jadwiga Winiecka-Krusnell, Ewert Linder, Lars Engstrand, and Mikael Rhen. "Uptake and Replication of Salmonella enterica in Acanthamoeba rhysodes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 6 (June 2004): 3706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.6.3706-3714.2004.

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ABSTRACT The ability of salmonellae to become internalized and to survive and replicate in amoebae was evaluated by using three separate serovars of Salmonella enterica and five different isolates of axenic Acanthamoeba spp. In gentamicin protection assays, Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin was internalized more efficiently than Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis or Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in all of the amoeba isolates tested. The bacteria appeared to be most efficiently internalized by Acanthamoeba rhysodes. Variations in bacterial growth conditions affected internalization efficiency, but this effect was not altered by inactivation of hilA, a key regulator in the expression of the invasion-associated Salmonella pathogenicity island 1. Microscopy of infected A. rhysodes revealed that S. enterica resided within vacuoles. Prolonged incubation resulted in a loss of intracellular bacteria associated with morphological changes and loss of amoebae. In part, these alterations were associated with hilA and the Salmonella virulence plasmid. The data show that Acanthamoeba spp. can differentiate between different serovars of salmonellae and that internalization is associated with cytotoxic effects mediated by defined Salmonella virulence loci.

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Liebisch, B., and S. Schwarz. "Molecular typing of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates." Journal of Medical Microbiology 44, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00222615-44-1-52.

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43

Lippelt, Meike, Theresa Sanabria de Isele, and Manfred Kist. "Fingerprinting of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis by ribotyping." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 3, no. 2 (April 1997): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.1997.tb00602.x.

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Sudanta, I. Made. "POTENSI PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK MENIRAN (Phyllanthus Niruri L) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KADAR IFN-γ DAN KADAR IgG SPESIFIK PADA MENCIT YANG DI INFEKSI Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi." Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana 17, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbp.v17i2.2015.90-97.

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Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pemberian ekstrak meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L) terhadap peningkatan kadar IFN-γ dan kadar IgG spesifik pada mencit yang diinfeksi Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Mencit dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kelompok. Kelompok kontrol negatif yang hanya diberikan larutan aquqdes 0,2 ml. Kelompok kontrol positif yang diberikan larutan aquades 0,2 ml dan diinfeksi Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi sebanyak 108. Kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan ekstrak meniran secara per oral dengan dosis 0,2 ml dan di infeksi Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi sebanyak 108. Peningkatan kadar IFN-γ dapat diamati dengan pemeriksaan ELISA dan peningkatan kadar IgG dapat diamati dengan pemeriksaan Widal test. Data hasil ELISA dan Widal test dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA satu arah (p<0,0001), dengan spps 17.0 for Windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak meniran terbukti sebagai imunostimulator terhadap peningkatan kadar IFN-γ dan peningkatan kadar IgG spesifik. Kata-kata kunci: meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, IFN-γ, IgG.

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Ugrinovic, S., C. G. Brooks, J. Robson, B. A. Blacklaws, C. E. Hormaeche, and J. H. Robinson. "H2-M3 Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ib-Restricted CD8 T Cells Induced by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection Recognize Proteins Released by Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 12 (December 2005): 8002–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.12.8002-8008.2005.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium causes a typhoid-like disease in mice which has been studied extensively as a model for typhoid fever in humans. CD8 T cells contribute to protection against S. enterica serovar Typhimurium in mice, but little is known about the specificity and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction of the response. We report here that CD8 T-cell lines derived from S. enterica serovar Typhimurium-infected BALB/c mice lysed bone marrow macrophages infected with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium or pulsed with proteins from S. enterica serovar Typhimurium culture supernatants. Cytoxicity was beta-2-microglobulin dependent and largely TAP dependent, although not MHC class Ia restricted, as target cells of several different MHC haplotypes were lysed. The data suggested the participation of class Ib MHC molecules although no evidence for the presence of Qa1-restricted T cells could be found, unlike in previous reports. Instead, the T-cell lines lysed H2-M3-transfected fibroblasts infected with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium SL3261 or treated with Salmonella culture supernatants. Thus, this report increases the number of MHC class Ib antigen-presenting molecules known for Salmonella antigens to three: Qa-1, HLA-E, and now H2-M3. It also expands the range of pathogens that induce H2-M3-restricted CD8 T cells to include an example of gram-negative bacteria.

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Kothapalli, Sushma, Satheesh Nair, Suneetha Alokam, Tikki Pang, Rasik Khakhria, David Woodward, Wendy Johnson, Bruce A. D. Stocker, Kenneth E. Sanderson, and Shu-Lin Liu. "Diversity of Genome Structure in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Populations." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 8 (April 15, 2005): 2638–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.8.2638-2650.2005.

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ABSTRACT The genomes of most strains of Salmonella and Escherichia coli are highly conserved. In contrast, all 136 wild-type strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi analyzed by partial digestion with I-CeuI (an endonuclease which cuts within the rrn operons) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and by PCR have rearrangements due to homologous recombination between the rrn operons leading to inversions and translocations. Recombination between rrn operons in culture is known to be equally frequent in S. enterica serovar Typhi and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium; thus, the recombinants in S. enterica serovar Typhi, but not those in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, are able to survive in nature. However, even in S. enterica serovar Typhi the need for genome balance and the need for gene dosage impose limits on rearrangements. Of 100 strains of genome types 1 to 6, 72 were only 25.5 kb off genome balance (the relative lengths of the replichores during bidirectional replication from oriC to the termination of replication [Ter]), while 28 strains were less balanced (41 kb off balance), indicating that the survival of the best-balanced strains was greater. In addition, the need for appropriate gene dosage apparently selected against rearrangements which moved genes from their accustomed distance from oriC. Although rearrangements involving the seven rrn operons are very common in S. enterica serovar Typhi, other duplicated regions, such as the 25 IS200 elements, are very rarely involved in rearrangements. Large deletions and insertions in the genome are uncommon, except for deletions of Salmonella pathogenicity island 7 (usually 134 kb) from fragment I-CeuI-G and 40-kb insertions, possibly a prophage, in fragment I-CeuI-E. The phage types were determined, and the origins of the phage types appeared to be independent of the origins of the genome types.

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Sydenham, Mark, Gillian Douce, Frances Bowe, Saddif Ahmed, Steve Chatfield, and Gordon Dougan. "Salmonella enterica Serovar TyphimuriumsurA Mutants Are Attenuated and Effective Live Oral Vaccines." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 1109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.3.1109-1115.2000.

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ABSTRACT A previously described attenuated TnphoA mutant (BRD441) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium C5 (I. Miller, D. Maskell, C. Hormaeche, K. Johnson, D. Pickard, and G. Dougan, Infect. Immun. 57:2758–2763, 1989) was characterized, and the transposon was shown to be inserted in surA, a gene which encodes a peptidylprolyl-cis,trans-isomerase. A defined surA deletion mutation was introduced into S. enterica serovar Typhimurium C5 and the mutant strain, namedS. enterica serovar Typhimurium BRD1115, was extensively characterized both in vitro and in vivo. S. entericaserovar Typhimurium BRD1115 was found to be defective in the ability to adhere to and invade eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium BRD1115 was attenuated by at least 3 log units when administered orally or intravenously to BALB/c mice. Complementation of the mutation with a plasmid carrying the intactsurA gene almost completely restored the virulence of BRD1115. In addition, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium BRD1115 demonstrated potential as a vaccine candidate, since mice immunized with BRD1115 were protected against subsequent challenge withS. enterica serovar Typhimurium C5. S. entericaserovar Typhimurium BRD1115 also showed potential as a vehicle for the effective delivery of heterologous antigens, such as the nontoxic, protective fragment C domain of tetanus toxin, to the murine immune system.

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Tam, Connie K. P., Jim Hackett, and Christina Morris. "Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi C Carries an Inactive Shufflon." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 1 (January 2004): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.1.22-28.2004.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi uses type IVB pili to facilitate bacterial self-association, but only when the PilV proteins (potential minor pilus proteins) are not synthesized. This pilus-mediated event may be important in typhoid fever pathogenesis. We initially show that S. enterica serovar Paratyphi C strains harbor a pil operon very similar to that of serovar Typhi. An important difference, however, is located in the shufflon which concludes the pil operon. In serovar Typhi, the Rci recombinase acts upon two 19-bp inverted repeats to invert the terminal region of the pilV gene, thereby disrupting PilV synthesis and permitting bacterial self-association. In serovar Paratyphi C, however, the shufflon is essentially inactive because each of the Rci 19-bp substrates has acquired a single base pair insertion. A PilV protein is thus synthesized whenever the pil operon is active, and bacterial self-association therefore does not occur in serovar Paratyphi C. The data thus suggest that serovar Typhi bacterial self-association using type IVB pili may be important in the pathogenesis of epidemic enteric fever.

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Ilham, Ilham, Jusak Nugraha, and Marijam Purwanta. "Deteksi IgM Anti Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi dengan Pemeriksaan Tubex TF dan Typhidot-M." Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana 19, no. 2 (August 28, 2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbp.v19i2.2017.127-142.

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Abstrak Bakteri Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi merupakan bakteri Gram-negatif yang bersifat patogen fakultatif intraseluler, masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia dan menyebabkan penyakit infeksi sistemik akut yang disebut demam tifoid. Deteksi dini antibodi anti Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi masih merupakan tantangan dalam penegakan diagnosis laboratorium demam tifoid.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan antara hasil deteksi kit TUBEX TF dan Typhidot-M pada pemeriksaan IgM anti Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi pasien demam tifoid, menganalisis hubungan suhu tubuh dengan hasil pemeriksaan TUBEX TF, menganalisis hubungan suhu tubuh dengan hasil pemeriksaan Typhidot-M dan menganalisi tingkat kesesuaian hasil deteksi IgM dengan pemeriksaan TUBEX TF dengan Typhidot-M.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan observasional, tiga puluh delapan sampel yang berasal dari pasien demam tifoid di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.Hasil penelitian ini bahwa kit TUBEX TF menujukkan hasil (65.8%) positif dan (34.2%) negatif. Sedangkan kit Kit Typhidot-M menunjukkan (60.5%) positif dan 15 (39.5%) sampel negatif. Analisis statistik menunjukkan hasil nilai kappa: 0.887>0.75, kedua kit terdapat kesesuaian dengan tingkat kesesuaian sangat baik.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan kit Typhidot-M dapat digunakan sebagai diagnosis cepat bila kit TUBEX TF tidak tersedia. Untuk peneliti selanjutnya disarankan untuk membandingkan hasil TUBEX TF dan Typhodot-M dengan menggunakan kultur darah sebagai diagnosis gold standar untuk deteksi IgM anti Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. Kata Kunci: IgM, Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, TUBEX TF, Typhidot-M

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Guard-Bouldin, Jean, Cesar A. Morales, Jonathan G. Frye, Richard K. Gast, and Michael Musgrove. "Detection of Salmonella enterica Subpopulations by Phenotype Microarray Antibiotic Resistance Patterns." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 23 (October 26, 2007): 7753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01228-07.

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ABSTRACT Three strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis were compared to Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg, Salmonella enterica serotype Newport, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium for growth in the presence of 240 antibiotics arranged within a commercial high-throughput phenotype microarray. The results show that antibiotic resistances were different for subpopulations of serotype Enteritidis separated only by genetic drift.

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