Academic literature on the topic 'Saliva tests'
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Journal articles on the topic "Saliva tests"
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Queiroz, Gláucia Maria Oliveira de, Leandro Freitas Silva, José Tarcísio Lima Ferreira, José Antônio da Cunha P. Gomes, and Lúcio Sathler. "Electrochemical behavior and pH stability of artificial salivas for corrosion tests." Brazilian Oral Research 21, no. 3 (September 2007): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242007000300004.
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It is assumed that the compositions of artificial salivas are similar to that of human saliva. However, the use of solutions with different compositions in in vitro corrosion studies can lead dissimilar electrolytes to exhibit dissimilar corrosivity and electrochemical stability. This study evaluated four artificial salivas as regards pH stability with time, redox potentials and the polarization response of an inert platinum electrode. The tested solutions were: SAGF medium, Mondelli artificial saliva, UFRJ artificial saliva (prepared at the School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil) and USP-RP artificial saliva (prepared at the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil). It was observed that pH variations were less than 1 unit during a 50-hour test. The SAGF medium, and the UFRJ and USP-RP solutions exhibited more oxidizing characteristics, whereas the Mondelli solution presented reducing properties. Anodic polarization revealed oxidation of the evaluated electrolytes at potentials below +600 mV SCE. It was observed that the UFRJ and USP-RP solutions presented more intense oxidation and reduction processes as compared to the Mondelli and SAGF solutions.
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Hagen, Jolena, Nicolette Gott, and Donald R. Miller. "Reliability of Saliva Hormone Tests." Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 43, no. 6 (November 2003): 724–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/154434503322642660.
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Qin, Wenlong, Ming Cong, Dong Liu, and Xiang Ren. "A robotic chewing simulator supplying six-axis mandibular motion, high occlusal force, and a saliva environment for denture tests." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 235, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 751–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544119211005601.
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Six-axis motion is essential for the evaluation of the wear failure modes of dental prostheses with complete teeth morphologies, and a high occlusal force capacity is vital for static clenching and dynamic bruxism. Additionally, the saliva environment influences abrasive particles and crack growth. The present research was aimed at the development of a six-axis masticatory and saliva simulator with these capacities. The masticatory simulator was designed based on a six-axis parallel mechanism, and the saliva simulator consisted of a saliva circuit and a temperature control loop. A control system of the masticatory and saliva simulators was constructed. The operating interface includes a centric occlusal position search, a static test, a dynamic test, a saliva supply, and data reporting. The motion and force performances of the masticatory simulator were evaluated. The flow rate and temperature change of the saliva simulator were calculated. For the occlusal position-searching, the driving amplitude is linear with the moving variables during minor one-axis motion. For the static tests, the force capacity of the driving chain is 3540 N, while for the dynamic tests, the force capacity is 1390 N. The flow rate of the saliva is 0.18–51.84 mL/min, and the saliva can effectively wet the prosthesis without the risk of overflow. Moreover, the saliva temperature can increase from room temperature (23°C) to body temperature (37°C) in about 6 min. The proposed DUT-2 simulator with six-axis motion, high force, and a salvia environment provides an in vitro testing approach to validate numerical simulation results and explain the clinical failure modes of prostheses. The centric occlusal position-searching, static tests, and dynamic tests could therefore be executed using a single testing machine. Moreover, the proposed device is more compact than previously reported six-axis masticatory simulators, including the Bristol simulator and DUT-1 simulator.
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Rahiotis, Chris, Panagiotis Mitropoulos, and Afrodite Kakaboura. "Comparative Evaluation of Chair-Side Saliva Tests According to Current Dental Status in Adult Patient." Dentistry Journal 9, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9010010.
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Background: this cross-sectional study evaluated the correlation of commercial chair-side saliva tests with caries status in adults. Methods: teeth in 87 adults (20–40 years old) were clinically examined for carious lesions according to International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria. The Decayed-Missing-Filling-Tooth (DMFT) and Decayed-Missing-Filling-Surface (DMFS) indexes at D1 (lesions 1–6 according to ICDAS criteria) and D3 (lesions 4–6 according to ICDAS criteria threshold and the number of active lesions, according to the Lesion Activity Assessment (LAA)) criteria were measured. The saliva parameters measured by chair-side tests were stimulated and non-stimulated saliva flow rate, saliva consistency, saliva pH, saliva buffer capacity, and lactic acid production. The statistical analyses performed were Student t-test and Mann–Whitney U test at a = 0.05 significant level. Results: the low resting saliva pH was related to a high value of DMFT (D1) index (p = 0.007). Conclusions: among the saliva parameters measured, the values of low resting pH are associated with increased DMFT at threshold D1. None of the chair-side available saliva tests evaluated can accurately underline the tooth carious status.
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Ren, Annie, Dorsa Sohaei, Antigona Ulndreaj, Oscar D. Pons-Belda, Amaia Fernandez-Uriarte, Ioannis Zacharioudakis, George B. Sigal, et al. "Ultrasensitive assay for saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 60, no. 5 (February 16, 2022): 771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2021-1142.
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Abstract Objectives Widespread SARS-CoV-2 testing is invaluable for identifying asymptomatic/pre-symptomatic individuals. There remains a technological gap for highly reliable, easy, and quick SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests suitable for frequent mass testing. Compared to nasopharyngeal (NP) swab-based tests, saliva-based methods are attractive due to easier and safer sampling. Current saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests (RATs) are hindered by limited analytical sensitivity. Here, we report one of the first ultrasensitive, saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen assays with an analytical sensitivity of <0.32 pg/mL, corresponding to four viral RNA copies/µL, which is comparable to that of PCR-based tests. Methods Using the novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based immunoassay, we measured the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antigen concentration in 105 salivas, obtained from non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 patients. We then verified the results with a second, independent cohort of 689 patients (3.8% SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate). We also compared our method with a widely used point-of-care rapid test. Results In the first cohort, at 100% specificity, the sensitivity was 92%. Our assay correctly identified samples with viral loads up to 35 CT cycles by saliva-based PCR. Paired NP swab-based PCR results were obtained for 86 cases. Our assay showed high concordance with saliva-based and NP swab-based PCR in samples with negative (<0.32 pg/mL) and strongly positive (>2 pg/mL) N antigen concentrations. In the second cohort, at 100% specificity, sensitivity was also 92%. Our assay is about 700-fold more sensitive than the Abbott Panbio Rapid Test. Conclusions We demonstrated the ultrasensitivity and specificity assay and its concordance with PCR. This novel assay is especially valuable when compliance to frequent swabbing may be problematic.
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De Giovanni, Nadia, Nadia Fucci, Marcello Chiarotti, and Salvatore Scarlata. "Cozart Rapiscan System: our experience with saliva tests." Journal of Chromatography B 773, no. 1 (June 2002): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00522-9.
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Takeuchi, Yoshimasa, Mika Furuchi, Atsushi Kamimoto, Kazuya Honda, Hideo Matsumura, and Ryutaro Kobayashi. "Saliva-based PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection." Journal of Oral Science 62, no. 3 (2020): 350–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.20-0267.
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DAWES, C. "Considerations in the Development of Diagnostic Tests on Saliva." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 694, no. 1 Saliva as a D (September 1993): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18359.x.
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Maragou, M., E. Vaikousis, A. Ntre, N. Koronis, P. Georgiou, E. Hatzidimitriou, F. Sotsiou, and P. Dantis. "Tear and saliva ferning tests in Sjögren's Syndrome (SS)." Clinical Rheumatology 15, no. 2 (March 1996): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02230328.
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De Meyer, Julie, Hanne Goris, Olivier Mortelé, An Spiessens, Guy Hans, Hilde Jansens, Herman Goossens, Veerle Matheeussen, and Sarah Vandamme. "Evaluation of Saliva as a Matrix for RT-PCR Analysis and Two Rapid Antigen Tests for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2." Viruses 14, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 1931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091931.
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The use of saliva for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sparks debate due to presumed lower sensitivity and lack of standardization. Our aim was to evaluate the performance characteristics of (i) saliva collected by the ORAcollectTM device as a matrix for SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and (ii) 2 saliva rapid antigen tests (AgRDT). From 342 ambulatory individuals, both a nasopharyngeal swab and saliva sample via ORAcollectTM were obtained for a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test. Furthermore, 54 and 123 additionally performed the V-ChekTM or WhistlingTM saliva AgRDT. In total, 35% of individuals screened positive for SARS-CoV-2 via nasopharyngeal swab. Saliva, as a matrix for the RT-PCR, had a specificity of 96.5% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 91.3%. Interestingly, 6 out of 8 patients thought to be false positive in saliva re-tested positive by nasopharyngeal sampling after 2 to 9 days. Both V-ChekTM and WhistlingTM AgRDT had a lack of sensitivity, resulting in an NPV of 66.9 and 67.3%, respectively. Saliva proved to be a sensitive and specific matrix for SARS-CoV-2 detection by the RT-PCR. In this setting, saliva might have an earlier window of detection than the nasopharyngeal swab. By contrast, both AgRDT showed an unacceptably low sensitivity and NPV.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Saliva tests"
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Dave, Jayshree. "Comparison of tests for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in human sera and saliva." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264698.
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Marteus, Helena. "Oropharyngeal origin of markers in exhaled breath /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-274-8/.
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Andries, Anne-Claire. "Diagnostic de la dengue : trois solutions pour améliorer la prise en charge des patients et faciliter les études épidémiologiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS146/document.
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La dengue est une maladie virale des régions tropicales et subtropicales, transmise par les moustiques du genre Aedes. Le virus de la dengue (DENV) appartient à la famille des Flaviviridae, genre Flavivirus. Si la plupart des infections sont asymptomatiques ou se traduisent par un syndrome fébrile sans gravité, le virus peut aussi causer une maladie plus sévère caractérisée par une fuite plasmatique, avec ou sans hémorragie. Sans prise en charge adéquate, les formes les plus sévères peuvent évoluer vers un syndrome de choc, potentiellement mortel. Il n’existe pas de traitement spécifique de la dengue mais une réhydratation adaptée et débutée précocement permet de réduire la survenue de formes sévères de la maladie. Malheureusement, les symptômes initiaux de la dengue avant la survenue des éventuelles complications ne sont pas spécifiques et seul un diagnostic biologique basé sur la détection du génome viral, de l’antigène NS1 ou des anticorps anti-DENV dans le sang des patients permet de confirmer la nature exacte de l’infection. La dengue constitue à l’heure actuelle un problème majeur de santé publique du fait de son expansion mondiale et de l’augmentation annuelle du nombre de cas sévères. Pour assurer la surveillance épidémiologique et le contrôle de la maladie, il est indispensable de développer des outils diagnostiques performants et faciles à mettre en œuvre, à la fois utilisables par les médecins de toutes les structures médicales, des simples centres de soins de santé primaire aux centres de référence, et utilisables lors d’enquêtes épidémiologiques pour l’investigation de nouvelles épidémies. Le travail de cette thèse a porté sur plusieurs aspects de cette problématique. Dans une première partie, un test commercial de diagnostic rapide (TDR) permettant la détection simultanée de la NS1 et des IgG et IgM anti-DENV, a été évalué, en laboratoire spécialisé et sur le terrain, afin de comparer, à partir des mêmes échantillons, les performances du test dans deux situations différentes. La sensibilité s’est révélée plus faible lors de l’utilisation sur le terrain que lors de l’utilisation en laboratoire de référence. La majorité des discordances a été observées pour la détection des IgG et des IgM. L’impact de la mise à disposition du test sur la prise en charge des patients a également été évalué et il s’est avéré qu’au cours de cette étude les pédiatres cambodgiens ont ignorés les résultats du test rapide et ont préféré suivre leur instinct clinique.Un second volet a porté sur la faisabilité d’utiliser les urines et la salive en remplacement du sang veineux pour les tests employés en routine pour le diagnostic de la dengue. Les urines et la salive sont des fluides biologiques plus faciles à prélever que le sang veineux ce qui présente un avantage majeur pour les enquêtes épidémiologiques mais peut également secourir les médecins lorsqu’un prélèvement de sang veineux est difficile à obtenir, par exemple chez les enfants. Bien que les performances des différentes méthodes de diagnostic ne soient pas aussi bonnes avec de l’urine et la salive qu’avec du plasma, les résultats obtenus par PCR en temps réel et avec les ELISAs de détection des anticorps anti-DENV démontrent l’intérêt potentiel de ces deux fluides biologiques pour détecter les infections par le DENV lorsqu’il est difficile d’obtenir du sang veineux. Plusieurs TDR commerciaux développés pour permettre la détection de la NS1 et des anticorps anti-DENV (IgM, IgG et IgA) dans les urines et la salive ont été évalués mais les performances obtenues se sont révélées peu satisfaisantes.Une dernière partie du travail a été consacrée à l’étude de la protéinurie comme marqueur pronostic potentiel de sévérité de la dengue. Ce marqueur biologique ne s’est pas révélé être utile pour diagnostiquer précocement les formes sévères de la maladieDengue is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes, in tropical and subtropical regions. Dengue virus (DENV) belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. Although most DENV infections are asymptomatic or result in a self-limited febrile illness, severe diseases characterized by plasma leakage, with or without hemorrhage, can also occur. Patients with a severe dengue can rapidly progress into a life-threatening shock syndrome if no efficient clinical management is provided. There is no specific treatment available for dengue but an accurate and early fluid therapy substantially reduces the occurrence of severe forms of the disease. Dengue symptoms are typically non-specific until or unless complications develop. Only a biologic diagnosis based on DENV genome, NS1 antigen or anti-DENV antibodies detection enables to confirm dengue cases. Dengue is now a major public health problem due to both its geographical spread and the increase in the number of severe cases. New diagnostic tools are necessary to ensure epidemiological surveillance and control of the disease. These tools need to be effective and easy to use in every medical settings, from the smallest primary health centers to the biggest reference centers, and also usable for epidemiologic studies, e.g. for epidemic investigations. The work presented in this thesis was dedicated to this problematic.In a first part of the work, a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), designed to detect NS1 antigen, anti-DENV IgG and IgM, was evaluated, both in a specialized laboratory and in the field, in order to compare the test performances in two different settings, with the same samples. Interestingly, sensitivity was lower when the test was used in the field compared to the sensitivity of the test when performed in the specialized laboratory. Discordances were mainly observed for IgM and IgG detection. Impact of the use of the RDT on clinical management was also assessed during the field study and it revealed that Cambodian pediatricians ignored the results of the RDT and followed their clinical instinct.A second part of the work was dedicated to the assessment of the usefulness of urine and saliva for dengue diagnostic. Dengue diagnostic normally requires a venous blood sample that can be difficult to obtain in certain conditions such as in children or during epidemiological studies. Urine and saliva are easier to collect as the procedure is non-invasive. We showed that, although the performances of the different diagnostic methods were not as good in saliva and urine as in plasma specimens, the results obtained by qRT-PCR and by anti-DENV antibody ELISA could well justify the use of these two body fluids to detect dengue infection in situations when the collection of blood samples is difficult. Performances of commercial RDTs developed for NS1 and anti-DENV antibodies (IgM, IgG and IgA) detection in urine and saliva specimens were not satisfactory.In the last part of the thesis, the potential use of proteinuria as a prognostic marker of severity was assessed but it didn’t prove to be a useful marker for risk prediction
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Dantas, Aline Maia. "Estudo da relação entre glândulas salivares e doença periodontal em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-09022012-142657/.
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A gengivite e a periodontite constituem doenças periodontais infecciosas comuns do homem, nas quais as bactérias periodontais e seus produtos participam ativamente para indução da inflamação local e efeitos sistêmicos (ex.: coração). Sabendo que a saliva representa a primeira e grande barreira às infecções orais, este trabalho se propôs a: i) avaliar a perda óssea induzida pela doença periodontal em ratos submetidos à indução de doença, via implante de ligadura, após os intervalos de 3, 7 e 14 dias; ii) Investigar possíveis alterações de fluxo (estimulado ou não com pilocarpina) e composição salivar nesses animais; iii) avaliar a concentração / expressão de marcadores de estresse oxidativo e inflamatórios em glândulas salivares e em amostras de saliva; iv) avaliar o papel funcional da função das glândulas salivares ex-vivo na produção da amilase. Para isto, ratos Wistar machos (180 -200g) foram submetidos à indução da periodontite através do implante da ligadura, e os parâmetros inflamatórios e bioquímicos foram avaliados nesses animais. Ratos com periodontite no dia 3, quando comparado ao grupo sham, exibiram aumento significativo do fluxo salivar (estimulada com pilocarpina), produção de Ca2+, secreção de proteínas e produção de amilase na saliva, bem como aumento do conteúdo de TBARs em glândulas parótida e da amilase liberada das glândulas submandibulares (GSM). Observou-se, ainda, aumento da expressão de mRNA para iNOS e nNOS em GSM. Em contrapartida, ratos com periodontite após 7 dias exibiram redução da taxa de salivação estimulada (e não estimulada), da produção de proteínas totais e da concentração e secreção de amilase na saliva, muito embora o conteúdo sérico e salivar de TBARs e da atividade de MPO na saliva desses animais mostrou-se elevado em relação ao grupo sham. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas quanto ao conteúdo de TBARs em glândulas salivares, secreção e concentração de Ca2+ na saliva e tampouco sobre o conteúdo de proteínas nitradas em amostras de GSM desses animais. Já no 14° dia visualizou-se um aumento da atividade de NOS Ca2+ dependente e da expressão mRNA das iNOS e nNOS em GSM. Ratos com periodontite, após 14 dias de indução, não exibiram aumento significativo na taxa de salivação, concentração e secreção de Ca2+ salivar, produção e concentração de proteínas totais, amilase na saliva e conteúdo de TBARs em amostras de saliva e glândulas salivares. Ainda, observou-se aumento das atividades da peroxidase/MPO, concentração de nitrato em saliva e proteínas nitradas em GSM e maior concentração de citocinas Th1 / Th2 (IL-4, IL-13 e IL-10) em amostras de GSM. Conclui-se que a indução experimental da doença periodontal em ratos , influencia o funcionamento de glândulas salivares de acordo com os dias de indução, inicialmente estimulando, em um segundo momento inibindo e posteriormente retornando aos níveis basais. Após 7 dias, caracteriza-se como o tempo ideal para a manifestação dos efeitos inibitórios na glândula.Gingivitis and periodontitis are common infectious periodontal diseases in man, in which periodontal bacteria and their products participate actively to induce local inflammation and systemic effects (eg heart). Knowing that saliva represents the first major barrier to oral infections, this study aimed to: i) to assess bone loss due to induced periodontitis in rats, after intervals of 3, 7 and 14 days, ii) to investigate possible changes in flow (or not stimulated with pilocarpine) and salivary composition in these animals, and iii) evaluate the concentration and expression of markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the salivary glands and saliva samples, and iv) assess the functional role of salivary gland function in ex vivo production of amylase. For this purpose, male Wistar rats (180-200g) underwent induction of periodontitis by implanting the ligature, and biochemical and inflammatory parameters were assessed. Rats with periodontitis on day 3 when compared to sham group, exhibited a significant increase in salivary flow (stimulated with pilocarpine), production of Ca2+, protein secretion and production of amylase in saliva, as well as increased contents of TBARS in the parotid and amylase released from submandibular glands (GSM). There was also increased expression of mRNA for iNOS and nNOS in GSM. In contrast, rats with periodontitis after 7 days exhibited a reduction in stimulated saliva (not stimulated), production and total protein concentration and secretion of salivary amylase, although the content of serum and salivary TBARS and the activity of MPO in saliva of these animals was high compared to the sham group. There were no significant differences in TBARS content in salivary gland secretion and Ca2+ concentration in saliva, nor on the content of nitrated proteins in samples from these animals GSM. By the 14th day envisioned an increase of NOS activity and Ca2+ dependent mRNA expression of iNOS and nNOS in GSM. Rats with periodontitis, 14 days after induction, exhibited a significant increase in the rate of salivation, concentration and salivary secretion of Ca2+, production and concentration of total protein, salivary amylase and content of TBARS in samples of saliva and salivary glands. Still, there was increased activity of peroxidase / MPO, nitrate concentration in saliva and proteins nitrated in GSM and higher concentration of Th1 / Th2 (IL-4, IL-13 and IL-10) in samples of GSM. We conclude that the experimental induction of periodontal disease in rats, influence the functioning of the salivary glands according to the days of induction, initially stimulating, in a second time and subsequently inhibiting return to baseline levels. After 7 days, is characterized as the ideal time for the expression of an inhibitory effect on the gland function.
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Benites, Bernar Monteiro. "Determinação da presença de 5-FU na saliva de hamsters que receberam o quimioterápico pela técnica de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23140/tde-19012016-155330/.
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Vários métodos de análise para o ensaio do quimioterápico 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) em fluidos biológicos de humanos e animais, foram previamente relatados. Considerando que a administração do 5-FU altera de alguma maneira a morfologia e função das glândulas salivares, e que a presença do quimioterápico na mucosa oral pode levar a algumas complicações orais, este trabalho teve como objetivo de determinar a presença de 5-FU na saliva de hamsters que receberam o quimioterápico pela técnica de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE), uma vez que este modelo animal é usado nos estudos com mucosite oral e hipofunção glandular, induzidas por 5-FU. Doze animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: CP e CPI, onde os animais receberam intraperitonealmente pilocarpina (CP) ou pilocarpina + isoproterenol (CPI) e o veículo do quimioterápico, e os grupos QP e QPI, onde os animais receberam, respectivamente, os mesmos secretagogos listados acima e o quimioterápico 5-FU. Após a administração do secretagogo, foi coletada a saliva de todos os animais, por um período de 60 min. Em seguida, a saliva foi congelada a -80 ?C para posterior determinação do quimioterápico por CLAE. Após análise dos cromatogramas, e com base nos resultados obtidos, foi possível identificar a presença do 5-FU nas amostras de saliva de hamsters que receberam o quimioterápico via intraperitoneal pela técnica da CLAE.Various analytical methods for testing the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in biological fluids of humans and animals have been reported previously. Whereas the administration of 5-FU alter in any way the morphology and function of the salivary glands, and that the presence of chemotherapy in the oral mucosa can lead to some oral complications, this study aimed to determine the presence of 5-FU in chemotherapy treated hamsters saliva by Liquid Chromatography High Performance (HPLC), since this animal model is used in studies of oral mucositis and gland hypofunction induced by 5-FU. Twelve animals were divided into 4 groups: intraperitoneally pilocarpine (CP), pilocarpine + isoproterenol (CPI) and the chemotherapy of the vehicle, and the QP and QPI groups where the animals were, respectively, the same secretagogues listed above and 5-FU chemotherapy. After administration secretagogue, the saliva from all animals was collected for a period of 60 min. Then the saliva was frozen at -80 ºC for subsequent determination of chemotherapy by HPLC. After analysis of chromatograms, and based on the results obtained, it was possible to identify the presence of 5-FU in Hamsters saliva samples that received intraperitoneal chemotherapy via the technique of HPLC.
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Leite, Mariana Ferreira. ""Estudo temporal do efeito da administração de tungstato de sódio sobre alguns parâmetros de glândulas salivares e saliva de ratas diabéticas"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23140/tde-28082006-183554/.
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O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da administração do tungstato de sódio (2 mg/ml) num período de 6 semanas sobre alguns parâmetros de parótida, submandibular e saliva de ratas diabéticas induzidas por estreptozotocina. Os grupos estudados foram divididos em controle (C), controle tratado com tungstato de sódio (CT), diabético (D) e diabético tratado (DT). Os parâmetros estudados foram o metabolismo energético, a composição protéica das glândulas e de saliva total estimulada por pilocarpina e isoproterenol, bem como a via de secreção de proteínas. No metabolismo energético foi determinada a concentração de glicogênio e a atividade enzimática da hexoquinase, fosfofrutoquinase-1, piruvato quinase, glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase, lactato desidrogenase. Foram determinadas a concentração de proteína total, a atividade enzimática da amilase e peroxidase e o teor de ácido siálico em glândulas salivares e saliva. A via de secreção de proteínas foi estudada pela avaliação da expressão de proteína quinase C por western blot. Os resultados obtidos confirmam o potencial hipoglicemiante do tungstato de sódio, bem como sua ação no controle da polifagia, da polidipsia e do peso corporal e glandular. A concentração de glicogênio sofreu um incremento nos grupos diabéticos e o tratamento com tungstato de sódio potencializou esse aumento nas glândulas salivares. A glândula parótida sofreu um aumento de alguns parâmetros da via glicolítica e de sua composição protéica nas semanas iniciais do estudo, com normalização nas semanas finais. O tungstato se mostrou efetivo no controle da atividade de peroxidase em glândulas salivares, com efeitos pouco significativos sobre os demais parâmetros estudados. Os animais diabéticos apresentaram um aumento da proteína total em saliva, porém nenhuma diferença foi observada na atividade da amilase e peroxidase. O tungstato de sódio potencializou o aumento da concentração de proteínas causado pelo diabete além de reduzir a atividade da amilase na saliva dos animais controle e diabético tratados. A glândula submandibular de ratos diabéticos sofreu uma estimulação na expressão de PKC ativa e inativa após uma semana experimental, além de uma alteração do perfil das isoformas da enzima, o tungstato de sódio potencializou esse aumento. Conclusão: O papel do tungstato de sódio no restabelecimento do metabolismo energético não foi observado em parótida e submandibular, mostrando que esse composto não modifica o metabolismo de tecidos periféricos como as glândulas salivares. A ação do tungstato de sódio sobre a atividade da peroxidase em glândulas salivares indica que esse composto pode atuar como auxiliar no sistema antioxidante no organismo. O tungstato de sódio potencializa uma das vias de secreção de saliva pelo estímulo da PKC.The aim of study was evaluate the effect of sodium tungstate administration (2mg/ml) on some parameters of parotid, submandibular and pilocarpine/isoproterenol stimulated saliva of streptozotocin induced-diabetes, during six weeks. The groups were divided in untreated control (C), treated control (CT), untreated diabetic (D) and treated diabetic (DT). The parameters studied were energetic metabolism, proteic composition of glands and saliva, besides the protein secretion pathway. In the energetic metabolism were determinated hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, pyruvate kinase, glycose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Were evaluated the total protein concentration, amylase and peroxidase activities and free and total sialic acid content on saliva and salivary glands. The protein secretion pathway was studied by evaluation of expression of protein kinase C by western blot. The results obtained confirm the tungstate potential as hypoglycemic, as well as its action in the polifagia, polidipsia and body and glandular weight control. The glycogen concentration suffered an increment in the diabetic group and the tungstate treatment potentialized the increase in the salivary glands. Parotid glands suffered an increased in some parameters of glycolitic pathway and its protein composition in the initial weeks of study, with normalization in the end of experiment. The tungstate was effective in the control of peroxidase activity in salivary glands, but few effects on the other parameters. Diabetic animals presented an increased of total protein concentration in saliva, but no difference was observed in the amylase and peroxidase activities. Sodium tungstate caused an increased in the total protein concentration and a reduction on amylase activity of saliva in the CT and DT groups. Submandibular gland of diabetic rats suffered stimulation in the active and inactive PKC expression after one week and alteration in the isoforms profile of enzyme. Sodium tungstate potencialized this increased. Conclusion: In this study, was not observed effect of sodium tungstate on energetic metabolism of parotid and submandibular, showing that this compound does not alter the metabolism in the peripheral tissue as salivary glands. The tungstate acts on peroxidase activity, this show the possible action of this compound in the antioxidant system. Sodium tungstate stimulates the protein secretion pathway in the salivary glands.
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Souza, Fernando Luiz de. "Determinação dos fatores grupo-especificos na saliva humana atraves de testes de inibição da hemaglutinação." [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290719.
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Orientador: Eduardo DarugeDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Através de estudos realizados, sabe-se que existem dois grupos de indivíduos, no que diz respeito à existência de fatores grupo-específicos na saliva humana. O primeiro grupo denominado secretor constitui aproximadamente 80% e o segundo grupo constitui aproximedemente 20% da população. No presente trabalho, estão sendo utilizadas 200 amostras de saliva humana "in natura", coletadas de alunos dos cursos de graduação da FOP- Unicamp, EFOA-Alfenas e doadores voluntários, distribuidas em quatro lotes distintos. As amostras foram submetidas ao processo de desnaturação, isto é, ao banhomaria durante 20 minutos a fim de se eliminar outras proteínas não interessantes nestes exames. Após a centrifugação da saliva, retirou-se o sobrenadante para a' realização dos testes de inibição da hemaglutinação. Os resultados finais demonstram uma pequena diferença em relação aos autores consultados, demonstrando que a determinação dos fatores grupo-específicos na saliva apresen.ta grande' interesse pericial, na possibilidade de se determinar a existência ou não de vínculo genético entre ascedentes e descendentes, uma vez que, os secretores apresentam-se em caráter dominante e os não secretores com caráter recessivo
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Ciências
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Benedetto, Monique Saveriano de. ""Proposta de um método prático para avaliação do poder de neutralização existente na cavidade oral"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23132/tde-09122002-170105/.
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RESUMO Proposta de um método prático para avaliação do poder de neutralização existente na cavidade oral.A prevenção da doença cárie ainda é uma das principais metas da Odontologia. Considerando a multifatoriedade de sua etiologia, torna-se necessário o conhecimento do maior número de informações possíveis a respeito do paciente para que o cirurgião-dentista possa estabelecer um plano de tratamento preventivo individualizado a seus pacientes. A saliva, devido a suas várias funções, apresenta grande importância no combate a patogênese da doença. A análise da capacidade tampão é de extrema importância para que se possa prever o risco do paciente ao desenvolvimento da doença cárie. Vários testes têm sido utilizados para a determinação da capacidade tampão salivar, sendo que alguns exigem equipamentos laboratoriais e outros, mais simplificados, que permitem a utilização no consultório odontológico. A proposta do presente trabalho foi desenvolver um método prático para determinação do poder neutralizante existente na cavidade oral. O método proposto consiste na realização de bochecho com 10 ml de Coca-cola® durante 30 segundos, por parte dos 50 participantes (crianças, adolescentes e adultos) e determinação da variação do pH entre a mistura saliva + Coca-cola® e o pH inicial do refrigerante. Foram realizados dois métodos de determinação da capacidade tampão salivar titulação com ácido lático e o método simplificado Dentobuff Strip® -e, após teste de correlação entre o método de neutralização proposto e os dois testes descritos acima foi encontrada correlação estatisticamente significante entre o método proposto e a titulometria com ácido lático (Pearson=0,304;p=0,032). Porém em relação ao Dentobuff Strip® não foi verificada correlação estatisticamente significante. De acordo com a proposta da metodologia apresentada nesta pesquisa, foi encontrada uma média de neutralização da saliva após o bochecho com o refrigerante, de 23,8% (dp=16,5) até o pH crítico do esmalte (5,5) e considerando o pH fisiológico da saliva em torno de 7,0, a neutralização até este valor foi de 17% (dp=12,4). Diante dos resultados foi possível concluir que o método desenvolvido apresentou-se prático e satisfatório para avaliação da capacidade de neutralização existente na cavidade oral e pode ser utilizado como mais um recurso para predição do risco de cárie do paciente.SUMMARY Caries prevention remains one of the main goals in dentistry. Since caries is a multifactorial disease, it becomes necessary to obtain all possible information about the patient during anamnesis. Hence, the professional is able to establish an individual preventive treatment for each patient. Saliva bears several functions in the oral cavity; consequently, it is an important host factor that modifies the caries process. Saliva buffering capacity is one of the important factors usually taken into account to predict the individual caries risk. Several tests have been applied to identify this saliva function. Some of them require laboratorial features, whereas others are easy to handle, and can be applied at dental offices. The purpose of the present study was to develop a practical method to assess the neutralizing power inherent of the oral cavity. The methodology was based on a rinse of Coke Ô for 30 seconds, performed by 50 subjects (including children, teenagers and adults), followed by the assessment of pH variation between the initial sample of soft drink and the final mixture (saliva + Coke Ô). Along with this method, two other well known buffer capacity tests were performed titration with lactic acid and Dentobuff Strip®. We found statistically significant correlation between the proposed method and the titration with lactic acid (Pearson=0.304;p=0.032). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between the proposed method and the test using Dentobuff Strip®. According to our results, the mean saliva neutralizing power after soft drink rinse, considering the cases of the critical enamel pH (5.5) and physiological saliva pH (7.0), were 23.8% (sd=16.5) and 17.0% (sd=12.4), respectively. The proposed method was practical and reliable to assess the neutralizing power of oral cavity and may be an additional technique to predict caries risk.
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Junior, Walter Luiz Siqueira. ""Estudo de alguns parâmetros salivares em indivíduos com síndrome de DOWN"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23140/tde-13062005-115943/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar o fluxo salivar, pH, capacidade tampão, concentrações de proteína total e ácido siálico, atividades das enzimas amilase e peroxidase e concentração dos íons sódio, potássio, cálcio, fósforo, zinco e magnésio em saliva total de indivíduos síndrome de Down com idade entre 1 e 25 anos. Nos indivíduos com idade entre 1 e 5 anos a saliva total foi coletada através de uma leve sucção, enquanto que nos outros indivíduos com idade entre 6 e 10, 11 e 15, 15 e 20, 21 e 25 a saliva total foi coletada com estimulação mecânica através da mastigação de parafilm, durante 10 minutos. O pH e a capacidade tampão foramdeterminadas usando um pHmetro digital. A capacidade tampão foi mensurada através de titulação com HCl a 0,01N. A concentração de eletrólitos foi determinada através de um espectrofotômetro de emissão atômica com fonte de excitação de argônio induzido. A proteína total foi mensurada através do reagente de Folin. A atividade da amilase foi mensurada através da produção de maltose e a atividade da peroxidase foi mensurada através da utilização de orto-dianisidina. Para a analise estatística os dados foram apresentados em media ± desvio padrão. Foi utilizado o teste t de Student para determinar as diferenças entre as medias dos indivíduos síndrome de Down e o grupo controle. Nenhuma diferença significante foi observada na concentração de ácido siálico, fósforo, zinco, magnésio e cálcio entre os indivíduos síndrome de Down e o grupo controle. A concentração de sódio, proteína total e a capacidade tampão demonstraram ser maior nos indivíduos com síndrome de Down em comparação ao grupo controle. Por outro lado, o fluxo salivar, a concentração de potássio, e a atividade das enzimas amilase e peroxidase foram menores no grupo síndrome de Down quando comparado ao grupo controle. Estes resultados sugerem que as pessoas com síndrome de Down apresentam alterações no metabolismo do ducto e/ou das células acinares das glândulas salivares.The aim of this study was to measure the flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, sialic acid, total protein concentrations, amylase and peroxidase activities and sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, zinc and magnesium concentration whole saliva of individuals with Down syndrome aged 1 - 25 years. In individuals aged 1-5 years the whole saliva was collected under slight suction, while in the others individuals aged 6-10, 11-15, 15-20, 21-25 the whole saliva was collected with stimulation by chewing a piece of parafilm, for 10 minutes. The pH and the buffer capacity were determined using a digital pHmeter. The buffer capacity was measured by titration with 0.01 N HCl. Electrolyte concentrations were determined by inductively coupled argon plasma with atomic emission spectrometry. Sialic acid was determined by thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein was determined by the folins phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed measuring the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase with ortho dianisidine. For statistical analysis the date are presented as mean ± SD. Students t test was used to determine differences between the mean of the Down syndrome and control groups. No statistically significant differences were observed in sialic acid, phosphorus, zinc, magnesium and calcium concentration between the individuals with Down syndrome and control group. The sodium and total protein concentration and buffer capacity showed higher in the Down syndrome than in the control group. On the other hand the flow rate and potassium concentration, amylase and peroxidase activities were lower in the Down syndrome than in the control group. These results suggest that the Down syndrome persons present alteration in the metabolism of the duct and/or acinar cells of salivary glands.
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Nunes, Lázaro Alessandro Soares. "Parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos na saliva e sangue de indivíduos fisicamente ativos." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314074.
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Orientador: Denise Vaz de MacedoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A análise individual de parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos comparados com valores de referência populacionais pode ser uma ferramenta útil para monitorar os efeitos de treinos e competições, uma vez que a detecção de sujeitos com valores aumentados ou diminuídos em relação ao grupo de referência possibilita a individualização do programa de treinamento ou intervenção médica/nutricional quando necessária. No entanto, para que as informações obtidas sejam aplicáveis no dimensionamento das cargas de treino é necessário o estabelecimento de intervalos de referência (limites superiores e inferiores) para os analitos de interesse, de amostras de sangue obtidas de uma população fisicamente ativa e/ou atletas. Os valores utilizados normalmente na clínica são obtidos de sujeitos saudáveis, mas não praticantes de atividade física, embora seja consenso que o treinamento físico influencia a concentração de alguns analitos. Outro fato importante a considerar para o monitoramento do treino de atletas através de biomarcadores é a necessidade de comparação de resultados provenientes de análises consecutivas de um mesmo sujeito, que demanda considerar a variação analítica e biológica inerente aos testes, contidas nos cálculos da Diferença Crítica ou Reference Change Value (RCV) para cada analito. O RCV define o percentual de alteração que deve ser excedido em um teste subsequente para que exista uma diferença significativa entre duas medidas consecutivas. A necessidade de coleta de amostras de sangue venoso em diferentes momentos do ano para muitos indivíduos é um procedimento desconfortável e estressante. A saliva apresenta vantagens distintas como substituta do sangue no monitoramento de atletas, pois é um fluído não invasivo e que não requer treinamento especializado para sua coleta. A saliva é constituída de água, eletrólitos, metabólitos, proteínas, enzimas e hormônios, que podem ser provenientes do plasma ou produzidos localmente nas glândulas salivares. Portanto, nem todos os componentes salivares irão se correlacionar com os valores plasmáticos. Além disso, a composição da saliva pode sofrer influência do sistema nervoso autônomo, medicamentos e estresse. Dessa forma, a utilização da saliva deve considerar métodos de coleta que permitam quantificação de volume e recuperação acurada da amostra, além de horários de coleta definidos de acordo com o analito quantificado. Da mesma forma, é importante o estabelecimento de valores de referência para os analitos de escolha. Os objetivos da presente Tese de Doutorado foram: estabelecer intervalos de referência e de RCV para analitos no sangue de um grupo de indivíduos fisicamente ativos; verificar a aplicabilidade dos valores estabelecidos para o monitoramento de jogadores de futebol da categoria sub-20, apresentados na presente Tese na forma de Capítulos (1 e 2, respectivamente). Uma revisão crítica do potencial da saliva como biomarcador, apresentada no Capítulo 3, e a determinação de valores de referência de analitos de interesse no esporte na saliva coletada em um sistema de base líquida, que permite a determinação acurada do volume e recuperação da amostra, apresentada no Capítulo 4, compuseram os outros objetivos da presente Tese de Doutorado. Participaram dos estudos 171 voluntários do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 20 anos após quatro meses de treinamento físico diário sistematizado (população referencia controle). O programa de atividade física incluiu atividades predominantemente aeróbicas (maior volume, menor intensidade) com duração diária de 3 horas. A coleta de saliva precedeu a coleta de sangue. Para a determinação do RCV foram realizadas 4 coletas mensais de sangue em 56 sujeitos. A aplicabilidade dos valores estabelecidos acima contou com a participação de 56 jogadores de futebol da categoria sub-20. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas mensalmente em 5 momentos ao longo da temporada de treinos e competição. Os resultados apresentados na presente tese de doutorado permitirão a aplicação destas análises no monitoramento de atletas durante treinos e competições
Abstract: Comparing individual biochemical and hematological parameters values with reference intervals obtained from a physically active population and/or athletes may be a useful tool to monitor the effects of training and competition, since to detect subjects with increased or decreased values compared to the reference group would allow individualizing training program or medical/ nutritional intervention when necessary. However, to the athletes blood results allowing relevant information to establishment of training loads, it's necessary to establish reference intervals (upper and lower limits) for different analytes in a physically active population. The generally adopted reference values are usually obtained from healthy subjects, but not physically active or athletes. The minimum recommended number (120 subjects) by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) to establish reliable reference intervals can be one of those responsible for the lack of such information in sports medicine. Another fact to consider is that the athlete's monitoring through blood parameters requires serial analysis over the time. In this case, for the interpretation of serial results in the same subject it is proposed to consider the biological and analytical variation related to the analyte through the reference change value (RCV). RCV is a percent value that should be exceeded by a subsequent testing so that there is a significant difference between two consecutive measurements. However, to monitor athletes we need to collect venous blood at different times of the year, which for many individuals is an uncomfortable and stressful procedure. Saliva has distinct advantages as a substitute for blood in the athletes monitoring, it is a noninvasive fluid that do not requires specialized training for their collection. Saliva consists of water, electrolytes, metabolites, proteins, enzymes and hormones originated from plasma or locally produced in the salivary glands. Therefore, not all salivary components will be correlated with serum. Moreover, the composition of saliva may be influenced by the autonomic nervous system, drugs and stress. Thus, the correct saliva use should consider collection methods that allowing volume quantification and sample accurate recovery, collection schedules in according with the analyte and the establishment of specific salivary reference intervals. The objectives of this thesis were: to establish blood reference intervals and RCV to physically active population; to verify the applicability of RCV in the under-20 soccer players category monitoring (presented here in Chapters 1 and 2, respectively). A critical review of the potential saliva application in sports science, presented in the chapter 3, and the establishment of saliva reference intervals in a liquid based saliva collection system, which allow the accurate volume quantification and recovery, presented in the chapter 4, completed de aims of this Thesis. Participated in this study 171 physically active volunteers (control group), male, age (19 ± 1 years old). The regular physical activity program included periodized activities predominantly aerobic (higher volume, lower intensity) with three hours daily duration. The saliva was collected before the blood samples. To establish RCV were collected 4 monthly blood samples from 56 physically active subjects. The RCV were applied in the 56 soccer players from the under-20 category in 5 moments during the training and competition season. The results presented in this PhD thesis will allow to monitor athletes during training and competition season
Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Books on the topic "Saliva tests"
1
Tesis para una salida económica y política de la Argentina. Buenos Aires: Editorial Dunken, 2008.
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2
Translators, Wycliffe Bible. Ewaneliya Maleko ye kuli wa yo Apostolo yodi paisowa bukana: The Gospel of Mark and the Book of Acts. [Papua New Guinea]: Wycliffe Bible Translators, 2007.
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3
Hess, Thom. Lushootseed reader. [S.l.]: Tulalip Tribes, 1995.
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4
Ellemberg, Charles. Charles Ellemberg: Lanternista : il giro del mondo in 48 secondi / [testi di] Paolo Regini, Maria Siponta De Salvia, Roberto Bastianoni, Maria Paola Pampaloni, Giancarla Armano, Giovanni Parlavecchia. Cinisello Balsamo, Milano: Silvana editoriale, 2014.
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5
Shelton, Ruth Sehome. X̌äčusädäʻ ʻä siastänu =: The wisdom of a Tulalip elder. [Seattle, Wash.]: Lushootseed Press, 1995.
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Shelton, Ruth Sehome. X̌[inverted upside-down e]c̓̌us[inverted upside-down e]d[inverted upside-down e] ̉[̉inverted upside-down e] siast[inverted upside-down e]nu: The wisdom of a Tulalip elder. [Seattle, Wash.]: Lushootseed Press, 1995.
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Tom, Isadore. Pätius. [Seattle, Wash.]: Lushootseed Press, 1995.
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Peter, Susie Sampson. X̌[inverted upside-down e]c̓̌us[inverted upside-down e]d[inverted upside-down e] ̉[̉inverted upside-down e] g[superscript w][inverted upside-down e]q[superscript w]ulc̓[inverted upside-down e] ̉=: The wisdom of a Skagit elder. [Seattle, Wash.]: Lushootseed Press, 1997.
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Peter, Susie Sampson. X̌äčusädäʻ ʻä gw̳äqw̳ulcäʻ =: The wisdom of a Skagit elder. [Seattle, Wash.]: Lushootseed Press, 1997.
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10
J, Kowrach Edward, ed. New Indian sketches. Fairfield, Wash: Ye Galleon Press, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Saliva tests"
1
Ergin, Ahmet Bahadir, Amir H. Hamrahian, A. Laurence Kennedy, and Manjula K. Gupta. "Intravenous Saline Suppression Test." In The Cleveland Clinic Manual of Dynamic Endocrine Testing, 59–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13048-4_15.
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Bolt, J., and J. Lötterle. "Absorption-Elution Test for ABO-Determination of Secretor and Nonsecretor Saliva Stains." In Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 353–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77324-2_104.
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Torelli, Mario. "Saliae virgines: un lemma di Festo e i rilievi trionfali Medinaceli." In Studi e testi tardoantichi, 763–76. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.stta-eb.5.119117.
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Maniewski, R., D. Cohen, B. N. Cuffin, K. Yunokuchi, and C. Purcell. "Preliminary Tests of MEG and EEG Localization in a Homogeneous Saline Head." In Advances in Biomagnetism, 611–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0581-1_135.
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Tamada, Dai. "Must Investments Contribute to the Development of the Host State? The Salini Test Scrutinised." In Kobe University Monograph Series in Social Science Research, 95–114. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9423-2_6.
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Yoshimatsu, Yuki. "Predictive Roles of the Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test (RSST) in Aspiration Pneumonia and Other Respiratory Diseases: Does the RSST Have a Predictive Role in Aspiration Pneumonia and Other Respiratory Diseases?" In Respiratory Disease Series: Diagnostic Tools and Disease Managements, 131–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4506-1_13.
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S. Bhat, Sagar, Ameet V. Revankar, and Shrinivas M. Basavaraddi. "Orthodontic Therapeutic Biomarkers in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid." In Current Trends in Orthodontics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100733.
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Several biologically active substances representing the bone deposition and resorption processes are released following damage to periodontal tissue during orthodontic movement. Biomarkers are by definition objective, quantifiable characteristics of biological processes. The analysis of saliva/salivary fluid and Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) may be an accepted way to examine the ongoing biochemical processes associated with bone turnover during orthodontic tooth movement and fixed orthodontic treatment pain. Assessing the presence of these salivary physiological biomarkers would benefit the clinician in appropriate pain diagnosis and management objectively of various problems encountered during the orthodontic procedures and for better outcome of biomechanical therapy. Due to lack of standardized collection procedure, even though well accepted by patients, saliva is often neglected as a body fluid of diagnostic and prognostic value. A literature search was carried out in major databases such as PubMed, Medline, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and EMBASE for relevant studies. Publication in English between 2000 to 2021 which estimated Saliva markers as indicators of orthodontic tooth movement was included. The list of biomarkers available to date was compiled and is presented in table format. Each biomarker is discussed separately based on the available and collected evidences. Several sensitive salivary and GCF biomarkers are available to detect the biomechanical changes occurring during orthodontic tooth movement and pain occurring during fixed orthodontic therapy. Further focussed research might help to analyze the sensitivity and reliability of these biomarkers or cytokines, which in turn can lead to the development of chairside tests to assess the pain experienced by patients during orthodontic therapy and finally the outcome of the fixed orthodontic therapy.
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"Evaluation of the Parotid Gland." In Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders, 34–59. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch005.
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This chapter describes the clinical, laboratory, imaging, endoscopic, and histological methods for evaluation of the parotid gland. Diagnostic approaches of parotid gland disorders include clinical evaluation in the form of history-taking (complaints, demographic data, medical profile, medications, and history of the parotid mass itself) and physical examination (intra-oral, extra-oral, and bidigital examination). Laboratory tests entail saliva collection for detection of changes in salivary flow and/or composition. Parotid gland imaging include plain x-ray, sialography, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) scan and CT-sialography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and MR-sialography. Other studies include endoscopy (sialoendoscopy) and parotid biopsy (core-biopsy, frozen-section) and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).
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Jamróz, Barbara, Magdalena Milewska, Joanna Chmielewska-Walczak, Magdalena Lachowska, Marta Dąbrowska-Bender, Magdalena Arcimowicz, Anna Staniszewska, Anna Brytek-Matera, and Kazimierz Niemczyk. "Assessment of Dysphagia as a Risk Factor of Chronic Cough." In Pharynx - Diagnosis and Treatment. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97038.
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Background: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dysphagia in patients with chronic cough and its relationship with the long-term persistence of these symptoms. Methods: Thirty consecutive patients. All patients underwent physical examination, ENT assessment, videolaryngoscopy, functional phoniatric assessment at rest and speech, Water-Swallow Test, and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing disorders with Reflux Finding Score. Reflux Symptom Index questionnaire was performed. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee Review Board (KB/39/A/2016). Results: The results of the RFS and the RSI questionnaire showed the risk of reflux in participating patients. The patients presented episodes of spillage, double swallows, penetration, aspiration and residue of food at the hypopharynx. The results of functional assessment correlated with the Water-Swallow Test. The correlation between Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing disorders and Water-Swallow Test results was found for aspiration risk, spillage, and retention of saliva. Conclusion: The results of the study showed prevalence of dysphagia in most patients with chronic chough. It seems that phoniatric assessment in those cases should be expanded and the following tests should be performed: assessment of the laryngeal elevation, Water-Swallow Test, and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing disorders.
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Eltze, Lara, Maren Eltze, and Antonio Garcia. "Variability of Saliva Viscosity - Potential Impact." In In Vitro Diagnostics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93933.
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As novel COVID-19 testing develops, saliva has become of increasing interest as an alternate biological sample for rapid testing. The appeal in saliva-based testing lies within the ease of which samples are collected, as well as patient comfort throughout the collection process. With this, it has become increasingly important to delineate the characteristics of saliva viscosity due to its effects on the movement and interactions of the substances and molecules found within it. The characteristics that affect saliva viscosity include the presence of aggregates, variations in temperature, and time elapsed between sample collection and testing. Understanding how physicochemical properties and temperature affect saliva’s viscosity are important in generating guidelines for proper sample handling in saliva testing to ensure consistent and reliable results. In this study, passive sampling of saliva was analyzed. This type of collection ensures a more uniform saliva composition, suggesting that variations in viscosity can be attributed solely to modifications in saliva handling post-collection. The data suggested that saliva viscosity is greatest immediately following collection of the saliva sample, increases with higher quantities of aggregates in saliva, and decreases tremendously when the sample has been frozen and thawed to room temperature. These findings suggest that to ensure accuracy and uniformity in quantitative saliva-based test results, protocols should favor the testing of a sample immediately following its collection. The implications of these results in optimizing saliva testing are far reaching. The value of saliva based testing extends far beyond COVID-19 or other disease testing. It is also gaining utility in understanding daily fluctuations in hydration state and in other wellness applications.
Conference papers on the topic "Saliva tests"
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Min-Soo Kang and Hee-Cheol Kim. "Examining a possibility of usage of saliva for blood sugar tests." In HEALTHCOM 2006 8th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/health.2006.246459.
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Liu, Wenyan, Ziyan Man, Lin Hua, Anyu Chen, Yan Wang, Kun Qian, and Yi Zhang. "Data mining methods of lung cancer diagnosis by saliva tests using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy." In 2014 7th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2014.7002849.
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Figueiredo-Pina, C. G., V. Moreira, R. Colaço, and A. P. Serro. "Tribocorrosion in Dental Implants: an In-Vitro Study." In BALTTRIB 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/balttrib.2015.22.
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The relative motion between the zirconia abutment and the titanium implant in the presence of saliva might lead to tribocorrosion and consequently metal ion release and ion contamination of peri -implant tissues. In order to study this issue tribocorrosion, tests were performed in open circuit potential (OCP) and during anodic polarization in two different configurations: titanium ball pin on zirconia plate and zirconia ball pin on titanium plate. For both configurations, the OCP decreases and the anodic current increases during the wear testing. The results showed different tribocorrosion response between configurations. The higher OCP drop and anodic current was obtained for the configuration titanium ball pin on zirconia plate.
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Costa, Larissa Maria de Paula Rebouças da, Gabriel de Souza Torres, Kauan Alves Sousa Madruga, and Poliana Rafaela dos Santos. "Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.670.
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Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and cognitive dysfunction in old ages. AD is characterised by beta- amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of the hyper-phosphorylated Tau protein. It has an extensive preclinical stage, which emphasizes the importance of the biological components related to an early diagnostic: biomarkers. Objectives: After critical analysis of the selected literature, this review has the goal of describing the main biomarkers in AD and discussing different ways of detecting it. Methods: This review was elaborated after a literature review in the PubMed database, with 15 articles published between 2016 and 2021. The keywords were used with the boolean operator “AND”. Articles of meta-analysis, review and systematic review were selected. Results: It was found central biomarkers for the AD diagnostic, such as Tau and Aβ. The following tests were used: CSF puncture; blood tests; neuroimaging; saliva and mucosa samples. Aβ and Tau can be collected by CSF or PET-TC. Conclusions: Biomarkers play an important role in early AD diagnostic, even with limitations in the tests. The CSF and PET-TC are expensive methods, only used in atypical cases of AD. Reliable blood tests remain in development. In conclusion, there’s the need for more studies about alternative diagnostic tests, that are non-invasive and have low cost. Those developments can be beneficial for health plans, helping early diagnosis of AD.
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Manzanas, Carlos, Xiao Jiang, John A. Lednicky, and Z. Hugh Fan. "Development of Ball-Enabled Miniaturized Valves for Sample Preparation and Microheaters for Pathogen Detection." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20379.
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Abstract There have been numerous Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in the past few years, representing a public health problem. The recommended tests for the diagnosis of Zika infections are performed in a laboratory setting. However, diagnostics platforms at the point-of-care (POC) are highly desirable for understanding and preventing ZIKV transmission. To address this need, we have developed a testing platform that (1) can be operated in the field for pathogen detection, (2) is rapid, cost-effective, and reliable, and (3) does not require a power supply. To realize the platform, we have developed (1) a series of ball-based valves for the storage and sequential delivery of reagents and (2) microheater-enabled RNA amplification, both of which are integral components of this POC device. The multiple reagents are needed for virus lysis, RNA enrichment and purification. These ball-based are employed for fluid-control and they are actuated manually by sliding the unit and a pole under it, which can lift the balls. Nucleic acid amplification is then performed by a smart coffee mug that provides a constant temperature for reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), followed by colorimetric detection. We have demonstrated the detection of Zika virus in human urine and saliva samples using this testing platform.
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Christopherson, A., W. Nelson, D. Nottingham, and D. Somerville. "Model Pile Tests in Saline Soils." In International Arctic Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/22086-ms.
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Rodio, Laura Camila Wagner, ANGÉLICA REGINA CAPPELLARI, DIOGO MULLER LACERDA, MARCO ANTÔNIO LARGUNA, and ALVARO LARGUNA. "IDENTIFICAÇÃO DO SARS-COV-2 A PARTIR DE AMOSTRA DE SALIVA POR RT-PCR EM TEMPO REAL." In I Congresso Nacional de Pesquisas e Estudos Genéticos On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/geneticon/9126.
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Introdução: O RT-PCR (reação em cadeia da polimerase dependente de transcriptase reversa) é considerado o padrão ouro entre os protocolos aplicados para a identificação do novo coronavírus. Visto a necessidade de diagnóstico urgente e ágil do SARS-CoV-2, novas metodologias estão sendo padronizadas, destacando-se entre elas a detecção por saliva, considerada uma técnica não invasiva e de grande efetividade quando comparada aos critérios estabelecidos pela OMS (Organização Mundial da Saúde) por swab de naso e orofaringe. Objetivos: Padronizar a coleta de saliva para identificação do SARS-CoV-2 aplicado a técnica de RNA por PCR em tempo real. Material e métodos: A coleta de saliva foi realizada após o consentimento de 21 pacientes, de forma pareada com a coleta de naso e orofaringe para fins de comparação dos resultados e estabelecimento do percentual de efetividade da detecção. A extração de RNA e a reação de PCR foram realizadas conforme as instruções do fabricante do kit TaqCheck, da Thermo Fisher Scientifics. As amostras de naso e orofaringe foram encaminhadas para a rotina de diagnóstico laboratorial por RT-PCR. Resultados: Os resultados demonstram divergência em 1 amostra dos 21 testes realizados. Esse dado pode ser justificado pelo valor limítrofe do Ct atribuído a baixa carga viral, dificultando assim a identificação pela saliva. Isso acontece pela fluidez da saliva favorecer a diluição do material genético contido no coletado. Conclusão: Dentre ao exposto, podemos concluir que a identificação do SARS-CoV-2 pela metodologia apresentada a partir da saliva possui uma efetividade de 95,24%, quando comparada ao teste realizado por swab de naso e orofaringe. Por fim, para contornar o viés de uma possível carga viral, indica-se que a coleta de saliva seja realizada em pacientes sintomáticos a partir do quinto dia de início dos sintomas.
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Chayen, D., S. D. Blair, C. N. McCollum, and R. M. Greenhalgh. "PREDICTION OF POST-OPERATIVE DVT BY SALINE DILUTION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644202.
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Clinically, it is difficult to predict deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but the in vitro saline dilution test using the Thrombo-elastograph (TEG) is reported to identify the risk for individual patients [1]. The Biobridge Impedance Clotting Time (ICT) is more sensitive and reproducible than the TEG [2], and we therefore studied 33 patients undergoing elective laparotomy to see if pre-operative saline dilution tests using both the TEG and ICT predicted post-operative DVTs. Post-operatively, both legs were scanned daily for 7 days using 125I Fibrinogen to detect DVTs.The mean age of the patients was 65.7±2.4 years and 17 had malignant disease. In this clinically high risk group, 24 developed a DVT.Fifty-one percent were predicted correctly by TEG. The ICT was significantly better as a predictor with 79% of all patients correctly predicted (p<0.01).The saline dilution test using the ICT is a significant improvement on the TEG, and may enable us to tailor DVT prophylaxis policy to each patient’s specific requirements.Heather BP, Jennings SA, Greenhalgh RM. The saline dilution test - a preoperative predictor of DVT. Br J Surg 1980; 67: 63-65Blair SD, Menashi S, Samson D, Greenhalgh RM. Can the hypercoagulability of surgery be measured? Br J Surg 1986; 73: 500.
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Campelo, Ronaldo Da Silva. "TESTES DE COVID:TIPOS, COMO SÃO FEITOS, QUANDO FAZER E NÍVEL DE CONFIANÇA." In III Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências Farmacêuticas On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/conbracif/20.
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Introdução: Devido as doenças Covid e influenza possuírem sintomas semelhantes gerou uma alta de casos o que fez a demanda de testes crescer, buscando o diagnóstico de qual vírus foi contraído. Isso acarreta muitas vezes testes imprecisos, ocasionando assim dúvidas sobre esses testes. Objetivo: O objetivo da pesquisa é explicar os métodos, seus níveis de confiança e quando fazer cada teste para evitar um falso positivo. Materiais e métodos: Pesquisa desenvolvida durante o mês de fevereiro 2022. Utilizando como base de dados o Scielo. Resultados: RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2: É um teste molecular, baseado na pesquisa do material genético do vírus no caso do corona vírus o seu RNA em amostras coletadas por swab (cotonete) da nasofaringe, pois é um local onde o vírus se concentra. Após coletar o material genético é feito a técnica de (PCR) que tem o objetivo de replicar o RNA várias vezes, portanto mesmo que os sintomas não estejam fortes, esse método é capas de detectar o vírus. Essa técnica possui confiabilidade acima de 90%. RT-LAMP para SARS-CoV-2: Outro teste molecular, que pesquisa o RNA do vírus, mas este por amplificação isotérmica (amplificação isotérmica mediada por loop) a coleta também é realizada por swab de nasofaringe ou saliva e sua sensibilidade é ligeiramente inferior ao RT-PCR de nasofaringe (76-97%,sendo mais elevada nos dias iniciais dos sintomas) vantagem é a rapidez do resultado, sendo o método mais rápido. Pesquisa do Antígeno de SARS-CoV-2: É um teste imunológico baseado no reconhecimento do antígeno (uma parte do vírus) em amostras coletadas por swab de saliva, muco nasal ou nasofaringe. Sua vantagem é apresentar resultados rapidamente e custo baixo. Sensibilidade inferior ao RT-PCR com sensibilidade74-85%. Se utilizada nos primeiros dias de sintomas a sensibilidade alcança 90% comparada ao RT-PCR. Teste rápido sorológico IgM e IgG: Esse exame detecta as imunoglobulinas M(IgM) e G(IgG),ou seja, detecta a presença de anticorpos, que são produzidos pelo organismo quando ele começa a combater o covid, que é por volta de 10 dias após a exposição ao vírus. Esse exame pode ser feito com uma amostra de sangue, seu nível de confiança é cerca de 95%. Conclusão: Dessa forma conclui-se que os níveis de confiabilidade e a evolução dos testes tem contribuído para diagnósticos. Os testes possuem particularidades e devem ser feitos da seguinte forma, Antígeno: Do 1°ao7°dia do inicio dos sintomas; PCR ou Rt-lamp: Do 1°ao10°dia do inicio dos sintomas; Teste rápido sorológico: Após o 7°dia de sintomas(sensibilidade máxima após 30 dias de exposição).
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Zeidouni, Mehdi, and Mehran Pooladi-Darvish. "Design Considerations to Test Sealing Capacity of Saline Aquifers." In Canadian Unconventional Resources and International Petroleum Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/138179-ms.
Full textReports on the topic "Saliva tests"
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Pirone, Thomas P., Benjamin Raccah, and Nor Chejanovsky. Vector Specificity in Potyvirus Transmission: Role of the Helper Component. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586456.bard.
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Objectives: The overall objective of this research was to gain a better understanding of how potyviruses interact with their aphid vectors. The aim was to design new approaches for prevention of potyvirus spread by aphids. The sub-objectives included: (1). Determination of which of the HCs of different potyviruses effect efficient transmission by specific aphid vectors; (2). Determine regions in the HC that play a role in their compatibility with the vector; (3). Determine the factors within the aphid stylets that modify HC activity in transmission. Background of the topic: Background to the topic: Potyviruses are typical non persistent viruses. They are retained within the vector’s stylets and rapidly lost by the vector. Some potyviruses greatly differ in their ability to be transmitted by different aphid species. The present work centered on analyzing factors that may modify the interactions between the "helper component"(HC), the virions and the aphid species involved. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: It was established that specificity of transmission may depend on aphid species used. It was also shown that specificity may depend on the affinity between HC and virion. However, the attempts to create activechimericTEV/TuMVHCs or ZYMV/TuMVHCs to identify the regions that determine interaction with a specific vector(s), were not successful. More progress was attained in objective 3: In Kentucky, tests were conducted to ascertain retention tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) HC in the stylets of L. erysimicompared to that in M. persicae. Ultra-thin section of stylets of aphids that fed on either TuMVHC or TVMVHC antibodies were treated with gold-labeled goat anti-rabbit antibodies.TuMV was seen in 25% the stylets of L. erysimi when they acquired TuMVHC but not when they acquired TVMVHC. In M. persicae, TVMVHC was present in 30% of the stylets. . Transmission with TuMVHC was not affected by treatment with L. erysimi saliva whereas transmission with PVYHC (which also is not functional in L. erysimi) was consistently reduced by about half. Saliva from M. persicaehad essentially no effect on either HC. The possible role aphid cuticle proteins (which are found on the stylets surface) in the association with the potyviralHC was investigated in Israel. This was done adopting two approaches: (a) isolation of cuticular proteins from aphid cuticle; (b) screening for genes encoding cuticular proteins. In the first approach, we succeeded in extracting proteins from whole homogenized M. persicaeusing concentrated urea. The extracted protein served for preparation of anti cuticular antibodies. In overlay experiments it was found that cuticular proteins specifically bind to ZYMVHC. In addition, a cDNA library of M. persicae has been prepared. Genes encoding for cuticular proteins were ascertained using antibodies to cuticular proteins. This allowed reporting the sequence of the first cuticular gene of aphids and comparing it in six aphid species. Implications, scientific and agricultural: Achievements: (1) Proofs were provided for the role of the specificity of the aphid species to the HC of certain potyviruses; (2) aphid’s saliva was found to affects transmission efficiency; (3) cuticle protein genes were isolated for the first time from aphid species and an association of cuticle protein with the potyviralHC was discerned. Agricultural and/or economic impact of the research findings: At this stage of research, our finding do not bear an agricultural or economic impact.
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Silks, III, Louis A. Methods for transfer a saliva based alcohol content test to a dermal patch. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1338719.
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Pruess, Karsten, and Julio Garcia. Solutions of test problems for disposal of CO2 in saline aquifers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810487.
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Holubnyak, Yevhen Eugene, Lynn Watney, Jennifer Hollenbach, Tandis Bidgoli, Fatemeh Mina Fazelalavi, John Doveton, John Victorine, et al. Small Scale Field Test Demonstrating CO2 Sequestration In Arbuckle Saline Aquifer And By CO2-Eor At Wellington Field, Sumner County, Kansas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1420310.
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Arcone, Steven, James Lever, Laura Ray, Benjamin Walker, Gordon Hamilton, and Lynn Kaluzienski. Ground-penetrating radar profiles of the McMurdo shear zone, Antarctica, acquired with an unmanned rover : interpretation of crevasses, fractures, and folds within firn and marine ice. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42620.
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The crevassed firn of the McMurdo shear zone (SZ) within the Ross Ice Shelf may also contain crevasses deep within its meteoric and marine ice, but the surface crevassing prevents ordinary vehicle access to investigate its structure geophysically. We used a lightweight robotic vehicle to tow 200- and 40 MHz ground-penetrating radar antennas simultaneously along 10 parallel transects over a 28 km² grid spanning the SZ width. Transects were generally orthogonal to the ice flow. Total firn and meteoric ice thickness was approximately 160 m. Firn crevasses profiled at 400 MHz were up to 16 m wide, under snow bridges up to 10 m thick, and with strikes near 35°–40° to the transect direction. From the top down, 200- MHz profiles revealed firn diffractions originating to a depth of approximately 40 m, no discernible structure within the meteoric ice, a discontinuous transitional horizon, and at least 20 m of stratified marine ice; 28–31 m of freeboard found more marine ice exists. Based on 10 consecutive transects covering approximately 2.5 km², we preliminarily interpreted the transitional horizon to be a thin saline layer, and marine ice hyperbolic diffractions and reflections to be responses to localized fractures, and crevasses filled with unstratified marine ice, all at strikes from 27° to 50°. We preliminarily interpreted off nadir, marine ice horizons to be responses to linear and folded faults, similar to some in firn. The coinciding and synchronously folded areas of fractured firn and marine ice suggested that the visibly unstructured meteoric ice beneath our grid was also fractured, but either never crevassed, crevassed and sutured without marine ice inclusions, or that any ice containing crevasses might have eroded before marine ice accretion. We will test these interpretations with analysis of all transects and by extending our grid and increasing our depth ranges.
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Tests for injecting, storing, and recovering freshwater in a saline artesian aquifer, Lee County, Florida. US Geological Survey, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri854249.
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