Journal articles: 'Salinity tolerance'

1

Farooq, S., and F. Azam. "Salinity tolerance in Triticeae." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41, Special Issue (July 31, 2012): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6187-cjgpb.

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Yadav, Sheel, Amit Kumar Singh, Sundeep Kumar, and Rakesh Singh. "Salinity Tolerance in Plants." Biotech Today 3, no. 2 (2013): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2322-0996.2014.00009.x.

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Flowers, Timothy J., and Timothy D. Colmer. "Salinity tolerance in halophytes*." New Phytologist 179, no. 4 (September 2008): 945–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02531.x.

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Munns, Rana, and Mark Tester. "Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance." Annual Review of Plant Biology 59, no. 1 (June 2008): 651–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911.

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NIEMAN, RICHARD H. "Salinity Tolerance in Plants." Soil Science 140, no. 3 (September 1985): 230–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198509000-00011.

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Chen, S., and A. Polle. "Salinity tolerance of Populus." Plant Biology 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2009): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00301.x.

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Bolarín, M. C., F. G. Fernández, V. Cruz, and J. Cuartero. "Salinity Tolerance in Four Wild Tomato Species using Vegetative Yield-Salinity Response Curves." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 2 (March 1991): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.2.286.

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The salinity tolerances of 21 accessions belonging to four wild tomato species [Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill., L. peruvianum (Corr.) D'Arcy, L. hirsutum (L.) Mill., and L. pennellii Humb. Bonpl.) were evaluated using their vegetative yield-salinity response curves at the adult stage, determined by a piecewise-linear response model. The slope (yield decrease per unit salinity increase), salinity response threshold, maximum electrical conductivity without yield reduction (ECo), and salinity level for which yield would be zero (ECo) were determined by a nonlinear least-squares inversion method from curves based on the response of leaf and stem dry weights to substrate EC. The genotype PE-2 (L. pimpinellifolium) had the highest salt tolerance, followed by PE-45 (L. pennellii), PE-34, PE-43 (L. hirsutum), and PE-16 (L. peruvianum). The model also was tested replacing substrate salinity levels with leaf Cl- or Na+ concentrations. Concentrations of both ions for which vegetative yields were zero (Clo and Nao) were determined from the response curves. In general, the most tolerant genotypes were those with the highest Clo and Nao values, suggesting that the dominant salt-tolerance mechanism is ion accumulation, but there were cases in which salt tolerance was not related to Clo and Nao.

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Rahi, T. S., and Bajrang Singh. "Salinity tolerance in Chrysanthemum morifolium." Journal of Applied Horticulture 13, no. 01 (June 15, 2011): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2011.v13i01.07.

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Hasegawa, Paul M., Ray A. Bressan, and Avtar K. Handa. "Cellular Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance." HortScience 21, no. 6 (December 1986): 1317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.6.1317.

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Abstract Salinity is a significant limiting factor to agricultural productivity, impacting about 9 × 108 ha of the land surface on the earth, an area about 3 times greater than all of the land that is presently irrigated (17, 18). Reduced productivity occurs as a result of decreased yields on land that is presently cultivated [about one-third of all irrigated land is considered to be affected by salt (18, 45)], as well as due to the restriction of significant agricultural expansion into areas that presently are not cultivated. In the United States, salinity is a major limiting factor to agricultural productivity, and as the quality of irrigation water continues to decline this problem will become more acute (1, 56). About 1.8 million ha of land are salt-affected in California (56), the major agricultural state in the nation. Annual losses to crop production in the salt-affected areas, including the Imperial, Coachella, and San Joaquin valleys, are substantial and are increasing at a significant rate each year (56).

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GUCCI, R., G. ARONNE, L. LOMBARDINI, and M. TATTINI. "Salinity tolerance in Phillyrea species." New Phytologist 135, no. 2 (February 1997): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00644.x.

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Ashraf, M., and T. McNeilly. "Salinity Tolerance in Brassica Oilseeds." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 23, no. 2 (March 2004): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352680490433286.

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Shahbaz, M., and M. Ashraf. "Improving Salinity Tolerance in Cereals." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 32, no. 4 (July 4, 2013): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2013.758544.

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13

Cheeseman, John M., P. Bloebaum, Carol Enkoji, and Linda K. Wickens. "Salinity tolerance in Spergularia marina." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-247.

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Attributes of the coastal halophyte Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. that make it useful for studies of the physiological basis for salt tolerance in fully autotrophic higher plants are discussed. Growth, morphological, and ion-content characteristics are presented to serve as a background for subsequent studies of transport physiology. Plants were grown in solution culture on dilutions of artificial seawater or on the same solution without NaCl ("fresh water") from the time at which they could be conveniently transferred as seedlings (about 2 weeks old) to the onset of flowering about 5 weeks later. Eighteen days after transfer, plants growing on 0.2 × seawater were larger, being nearly twice the size of plants on fresh water. A Na+ specific effect was indicated, as the major part of the growth stimulation (54%) resulted from a 1 mM NaCl supplementation of "fresh water." Succulence was not a consideration in the growth response: root length was directly proportional to weight as was leaf surface area and neither was affected by salinity. Total Na+ plus K+ per gram root or shoot showed little variation with salinity from 1 to 180 mM Na+ levels. In roots, the relative Na+ and K+ contents were also little affected by salinity, but in the shoots, increasing salinity resulted in higher Na+ and lower K+ contents. Distribution within the shoots of 0.2 × plants showed no regions either free of or exceptionally high in Na+. The ion content and distribution patterns are compared with those in a number of other halophytes.

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Winter, U., G. O. Kirst, V. Grabowski, U. Heinemann, I. Plettner, and S. Wiese. "Salinity Tolerance in Nitellopsis obtusa." Australian Journal of Botany 47, no. 3 (1999): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt97091.

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Nitellopsis obtusa (Desv.) J. Groves collected from an oligohaline lake was subjected to long-term salinity treatments in the range of 1.1–17.6 psu (26–520 mosmol kg–1) by adding artificial sea salt to the lake water. The extent of turgor regulation and the solutes involved were estimated by examination of the vacuolar sap. Under salinity stress, N. obtusa did not show the capacity to accumulate K+ which enables euryhaline characeans to restore turgor pressure perfectly and brackish water species at least in part. The K+ concentration of the vacuolar sap remained constant at lower salinities but decreased with increasing salinity and time of exposure. An increase in πi by Na+ and Cl– could be considered an inefficient turgor response, but it is better explained as a failure to regulate osmotic potential and to inhibit influx of Na+ . Sucrose concentrations did not show clear relations to external salinity, but contributed 24% of the vacuolar πi in whorl cells and 16% in internodes. Provided that ionic ratios of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ in the water approximately correspond to seawater, N. obtusa can survive salinity fluctuations up to 17 psu for at least a week. For permanent growth, however, the distribution range of the species is restricted to oligohaline waters with salinities not exceeding 5 psu.

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Le, Thao Duc, Floran Gathignol, Huong Thi Vu, Khanh Le Nguyen, Linh Hien Tran, Hien Thi Thu Vu, Tu Xuan Dinh, et al. "Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Salinity Tolerance at the Seedling Stage in a Panel of Vietnamese Landraces Reveals New Valuable QTLs for Salinity Stress Tolerance Breeding in Rice." Plants 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061088.

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Rice tolerance to salinity stress involves diverse and complementary mechanisms, such as the regulation of genome expression, activation of specific ion-transport systems to manage excess sodium at the cell or plant level, and anatomical changes that avoid sodium penetration into the inner tissues of the plant. These complementary mechanisms can act synergistically to improve salinity tolerance in the plant, which is then interesting in breeding programs to pyramidize complementary QTLs (quantitative trait loci), to improve salinity stress tolerance of the plant at different developmental stages and in different environments. This approach presupposes the identification of salinity tolerance QTLs associated with different mechanisms involved in salinity tolerance, which requires the greatest possible genetic diversity to be explored. To contribute to this goal, we screened an original panel of 179 Vietnamese rice landraces genotyped with 21,623 SNP markers for salinity stress tolerance under 100 mM NaCl treatment, at the seedling stage, with the aim of identifying new QTLs involved in the salinity stress tolerance via a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Nine salinity tolerance-related traits, including the salt injury score, chlorophyll and water content, and K+ and Na+ contents were measured in leaves. GWAS analysis allowed the identification of 26 QTLs. Interestingly, ten of them were associated with several different traits, which indicates that these QTLs act pleiotropically to control the different levels of plant responses to salinity stress. Twenty-one identified QTLs colocalized with known QTLs. Several genes within these QTLs have functions related to salinity stress tolerance and are mainly involved in gene regulation, signal transduction or hormone signaling. Our study provides promising QTLs for breeding programs to enhance salinity tolerance and identifies candidate genes that should be further functionally studied to better understand salinity tolerance mechanisms in rice.

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Percy, J. A. "Temperature tolerance, salinity tolerance, osmoregulation, and water permeability of arctic marine isopods of the Mesidotea (=Saduria) complex." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-006.

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Temperature tolerance, salinity tolerance, osmoregulation, and integumental water permeability have been studied in three arctic marine isopods of the Mesidotea complex, as well as in a freshwater variant of Mesidotea entomon. Temperature has little influence on their distribution in the southern Beaufort Sea. Habitat temperatures are far below the 96 h tolerance limits of the species which range from 21.5 to 26.3 °C. Salinity is an important factor in their distribution. The relative salinity tolerances and osmoregulatory capabilities of the isopods correlate well with their distribution in coastal waters. The marine M. entomon could not be adapted to fresh water even by a 7-week, stepwise transfer. The freshwater form, however, survives indefinitely in undiluted seawater. In all three species, the haemolymph is hyperosmotic in dilute seawater and isosmotic at higher salinities. Mesidotea entomon is the most effective osmoregulator and Mesidotea sabini is the least effective. All three species reduce their integumental permeability as the salinity falls. The capacity to alter the permeability to water increases in proportion to the euryhalinity of the species. The permeability varies directly with temperature, with Q10 coefficients ranging from 1.75 to 2.68.

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Anugrahtama, Panji Catur, Supriyanta Supriyanta, and Taryono Taryono. "Pembentukan Bintil Akar dan Ketahanan Beberapa Aksesi Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.) Pada Kondisi Salin." Agrotechnology Innovation (Agrinova) 3, no. 1 (August 4, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/a.58353.

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Salinity or high salt content in the soil became one of the environmental factors that can threaten the sustainability of mungbean in the ield because mungbean is considered as a salinity-sensitive plant. Therefore, it is necessary to develop cultivars that are saline stress tolerance. This study aims to determine the effect of salinity on mungbeans growth and classify the salinity tolerance levels of 16 mungbean accessions and associate the level of salinity tolerance to the formation of root nodules. Comparisons were made by growing mungbean under normal conditions and treated with salinity stress by watering 500 ml of 200 mM NaCl solution every seven days from the age of 21 days after planting. The observations have made on both the vegetative and generative phases of plants. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, deining levels of salinity stress tolerance based on analysis of salinity sensitivity index values. The results showed that several mungbean accessions made adjustments to the stres environment by reducing growth and yield components. Based on the Scott-Knott test and the values of the salinity sensitivity index found that several mungbean accessions possess tolerance to salinity stress at soil EC reaching 2,73 dS/m. Accessions that are potential as a genetic source of salinity tolerance showed by accessions number 1, 4, 8, and 19. Accessions number 1, 8, and 19 that classiied as salinity tolerance have higher ability to form nodules rather than nontolerance accessions at saline conditions.

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Jia, Huixia, Guangjian Liu, Jianbo Li, Jin Zhang, Pei Sun, Shutang Zhao, Xun Zhou, Mengzhu Lu, and Jianjun Hu. "Genome resequencing reveals demographic history and genetic architecture of seed salinity tolerance in Populus euphratica." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 14 (April 3, 2020): 4308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa172.

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Abstract Populus euphratica is a dominant tree species in desert riparian forests and possesses extraordinary adaptation to salinity stress. Exploration of its genomic variation and molecular underpinning of salinity tolerance is important for elucidating population evolution and identifying stress-related genes. Here, we identify approximately 3.15 million single nucleotide polymorphisms using whole-genome resequencing. The natural populations of P. euphratica in northwest China are divided into four distinct clades that exhibit strong geographical distribution patterns. Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and tectonic deformation jointly shaped the extant genetic patterns. A seed germination rate-based salinity tolerance index was used to evaluate seed salinity tolerance of P. euphratica and a genome-wide association study was implemented. A total of 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with seed salinity tolerance and were located within or near 82 genes. Expression profiles showed that most of these genes were regulated under salt stress, revealing the genetic complexity of seed salinity tolerance. Furthermore, DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 57 and one undescribed gene (CCG029559) were demonstrated to improve the seed salinity tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. These results provide new insights into the demographic history and genetic architecture of seed salinity tolerance in desert poplar.

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Moir-Barnetson, Louis, Erik J. Veneklaas, and Timothy D. Colmer. "Salinity tolerances of three succulent halophytes (Tecticornia spp.) differentially distributed along a salinity gradient." Functional Plant Biology 43, no. 8 (2016): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp16025.

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We evaluated tolerances to salinity (10–2000 mM NaCl) in three halophytic succulent Tecticornia species that are differentially distributed along a salinity gradient at an ephemeral salt lake. The three species showed similar relative shoot and root growth rates at 10–1200 mM NaCl; at 2000 mM NaCl, T. indica subsp. bidens (Nees) K.A.Sheph and P.G.Wilson died, but T. medusa (K.A.Sheph and S.J.van Leeuwen) and T. auriculata (P.G.Wilson) K.A.Sheph and P.G.Wilson survived but showed highly diminished growth rates and were at incipient water stress. The mechanisms of salinity tolerance did not differ among the three species and involved the osmotic adjustment of succulent shoot tissues by the accumulation of Na+, Cl– and the compatible solute glycinebetaine, and the maintenance of high net K+ to Na+ selectivity to the shoot. Growth at extreme salinity was presumably limited by the capacity for vacuolar Na+ and Cl– uptake to provide sufficiently low tissue osmotic potentials for turgor-driven growth. Tissue sugar concentrations were not reduced at high salinity, suggesting that declines in growth would not have been caused by inadequate photosynthesis and substrate limitation compared with plants at low salinity. Equable salt tolerance among the three species up to 1200 mM NaCl means that other factors are likely to contribute to species composition at sites with salinities below this level. The lower NaCl tolerance threshold for survival in T. indica suggests that this species would be competitively inferior to T. medusa and T. auriculata in extremely saline soils.

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Marcum, Kenneth B., and Charles L. Murdoch. "Salinity Tolerance Mechanisms of Six C4 Turfgrasses." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 4 (July 1994): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.4.779.

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Physiological responses to salinity and relative salt tolerance of six C4 turfgrasses were investigated. Grasses were grown in solution culture containing 1, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mm NaCl. Salinity tolerance was assessed according to reduction in relative shoot growth and turf quality with increased salinity. Manilagrass cv. Matrella (FC13521) (Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.), seashore paspalum (Hawaii selection) (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz), and St. Augustinegrass (Hawaii selection) (Stenotaphrum secundatum Walt.) were tolerant, shoot growth being reduced 50% at ≈400 mm salinity. Bermudagrass cv. Tifway (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davey) was intermediate in tolerance, shoot growth being reduced 50% at ≈270 mm salinity. Japanese lawngrass cv. Korean common (Zoysia japonica Steud) was salt-sensitive, while centipedegrass (common) (Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.) was very salt-sensitive, with total shoot mortality occurring at ≈230 and 170 mm salinity, respectively. Salinity tolerance was associated with exclusion of Na+ and Cl- from shoots, a process aided by leaf salt glands in manilagrass and bermudagrass. Shoot Na+ and Cl- levels were high at low (100 to 200 mm) salinity in centipedegrass and Japanese lawngrass resulting in leaf burn and shoot die-back. Levels of glycinebetaine and proline, proposed cytoplasmic compatible solutes, increased with increased salinity in the shoots of all grasses except centipedegrass, with tissue water levels reaching 107 and 96 mm at 400 mm salinity in bermudagrass and manilagrass, respectively. Glycinebetaine and proline may make a significant contribution to cytoplasmic osmotic adjustment under salinity in all grasses except centipedegrass.

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Marcum, Kenneth B. "Salinity Tolerance of 35 Bentgrass Cultivars." HortScience 36, no. 2 (April 2001): 374–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.2.374.

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Relative salinity tolerance of 33 creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds), one colonial bentgrass (A. capillaris L.), and one velvet bentgrass (A. canina L.) cultivars were determined via hydroponics in a controlled-environment greenhouse. After gradual acclimation, grasses were exposed to moderate salinity stress (8 dS·m-1) for 10 weeks to determine tolerance to chronic salinity stress. Relative dry weight of leaf clippings (RLW), percentage of green leaf area (GL), root dry weight (RW), and root length (RL) were all effective parameters for predicting salinity tolerance. Following 10 weeks of salinity stress, RLW was correlated with GL (r = 0.72), with RW (r = 0.71), and with RL (r = 0.66). The range of salinity tolerance among cultivars was substantial. `Mariner', `Grand Prix', `Seaside', and `Seaside II' were salt-tolerant, `L-93', `Penn G-2', `18th Green', and `Syn 96-1' were moderately salt tolerant, and `Avalon', `Ambrosia', `SR1119', `Regent', `Putter', `Penncross', and `Penn G-6' were salt sensitive.

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Okhovatian-Ardakani, A. R., M. Mehrabanian, F. Dehghani, and A. Akbarzadeh. "Salt tolerance evaluation and relative comparison in cuttings of different omegranate cultivar." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 4 (April 15, 2010): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/158/2009-pse.

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A pot experiment was conducted during a two-year period in order to evaluate and compare the salinity tolerance of 10 Iranian commercial cultivars of pomegranate. Pots were arranged in a split plot design with two factors included water salinity as main plot in 3 levels of 4, 7 and 10 dS/m and 10 pomegranate cultivars as sub-plot and 3 replications. The properties concerned during the experiment were vegetative growth, percentage of alive cuttings after 2 month and the necrosis and chlorosis of leaves. In the end of the experiment the vegetative yield and root dry weight were also measured. In addition, irrigation water, drainage water, soil in plots, root, stem and leaves were analyzed for elements such as Na+ and Cl–. The obtained results indicated that the best vegetative growth conditions were related to Voshike -e- Saravan and Tab -o- Larz cultivars at 4 and 7 dS/m salinity levels, respectively. Moreover, the most significant percentage of alive cuttings was related to Voshike -e- Saravan cultivar at each of the three studied salinity levels. Similarly, this cultivar had the minimum values of leaves necrosis and chlorosis at all three levels of salinity. Furthermore, the highest level of fresh yield was related to Zagh cultivar at 4 dS/m salinity level. The highest values of total Na+ and Cl– were observed in shoots and leaves of Zagh and Voshike -e- Saravan cultivars at 10 dS/m salinity level as well. In general, Voshike -e- Saravan is the most salinity-resistant cultivar among 10 studied cultivars. Besides, Malas -e- yazdi and Tab -o- larz can be planted as salinity resistant cultivars in the second hand. Other cultivar cuttings were not resistant in salinity and finally died (even after the second year) and three cultivars of Gabri, Malas -e- Esfahani and Khafri -e- Jahrom were the most sensitive cultivars with the lowest salinity resistance.

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Damgaard, R. M., and J. Davenport. "Salinity tolerance, salinity preference and temperature tolerance in the high-shore harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis." Marine Biology 118, no. 3 (February 1994): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00350301.

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El-Hendawy, Salah E., Yuncai Hu, and Urs Schmidhalter. "Growth, ion content, gas exchange, and water relations of wheat genotypes differing in salt tolerances." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 2 (2005): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04019.

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Although the mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants have received much attention for many years, genotypic differences influencing salt tolerance still remain uncertain. To investigate the key physiological factors associated with genotypic differences in salt tolerance of wheat and their relationship to salt stress, 13 wheat genotypes from Egypt, Australia, India, and Germany, that differ in their salt tolerances, were grown in a greenhouse in soils of 4 different salinity levels (control, 50, 100, and 150 mm NaCl). Relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), photosynthesis, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), and leaf water relations were measured at Days 45 and 60 after sowing. Mineral nutrient content in leaves and stems was determined at Day 45 and final harvest. Salinity reduced RGR, NAR, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water and osmotic potentials, and K+ and Ca2+ content in stems and leaves at all times, whereas it increased leaf respiration, and Na+ and Cl– content in leaves and stems. LAR was not affected by salinity and the effect of salinity on SPAD value was genotype-dependent. Growth of salt-tolerant genotypes (Sakha 8, Sakha 93, and Kharchia) was affected by salinity primarily due to a decline in photosynthetic capacity rather than a reduction in leaf area, whereas NAR was the more important factor in determining RGR of moderately tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes. We conclude that Na+ and Cl– exclusion did not always reflect the salt tolerance, whereas K+ in the leaves and Ca2+ in the leaves and stems were closely associated with genotypic differences in salt tolerance among the 13 genotypes even at Day 45. Calcium content showed a greater difference in salt tolerance among the genotypes than did K+ content. The genotypic variation in salt tolerance was also observed for the parameters involved in photosynthesis, and water and osmotic potentials, but not for turgor pressure.

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JAMIL, NAJMI FIKRI, and ROHAYU MA’ARUP. "SCREENING OF THIRD FILIAL (F3) SEGREGATING POPULATION FOR SALT TOLERANCE IN CEREAL: A REVIEW." Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Journal of Undergraduate Research 4, no. 3 (July 31, 2022): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/umtjur.v4i3.341.

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Cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, and others are cultivated in every part of the world. However, cereals crop cultivation globally has been affected by salinity stress. Salinity stress causes a reduction in the growth, yield and productivity of cereal crops. Hence, to overcome the problem related to salinity stress, several plans are made to develop a salinity tolerance cereal variety. Therefore, various strategies, from phenotypic and molecular screening, have been introduced to develop salinity tolerance cereal varieties. Salinity tolerance is a crucial trait that must be inserted into cereal crops to maximize the yield productivity of cereals crops. The objective of this review is to undergo screening for salinity tolerance in the third filial (F3) segregating population of cereals to identify the large amounts of lines correlated with salt tolerance which were further used in the breeding process. Besides, the selection process of F3 and other populations of the cereals is conducted on yield and yield components and the correlation between traits linked with salt tolerance. Thus, this review study will focus on the screening and selection process of the F3 and other generations on salinity-tolerant and high-yielding cereals developments.

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Rawson, HM, RA Richards, and R. Munns. "An examination of selection criteria for salt tolerance in wheat, barley and triticale genotypes." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 5 (1988): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880759.

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This study of 20 genotypes of barley, wheat, durum wheat and triticale had three aims: (1) To determine whether simple measurements on plants grown in salinity tanks in a glasshouse would reflect the documented reputations for salinity tolerance of the genotypes; (2) to test whether rapid development, commonly associated with barleys, is linked with salinity tolerance; (3) to assess several types of measurements as screening tools for salinity tolerance. Measurements of whole-plant leaf area expansion rates were well correlated with biomass production and ranked the genotypes largely in accord with their documented reputations. There was no evidence, either from experimental manipulation of rate of development, or from regression analysis amongst genotypes, that rapid development was linked with salinity tolerance. The origins of tolerance were twofold, deriving from (1) a physiological tolerance - this was defined as a small relative reduction in growth due to salinity, and (2) an absolute tolerance - this was shown as an intrinsic high growth rate of the genotype, i.e. apparent both in and out of salinity. A good indicator of high absolute tolerance, and of potential for screening purposes, was large area of seedling leaves. Regression analysis indicated that absolute tolerance contributed more to productivity in saline conditions than physiological tolerance. Indeed, in one study the latter failed to correlate significantly with productivity. Cl- concentration also was a poor general indicator of productivity in salinity, as was extension rate of single leaves during 10 days after NaCl was applied. It is proposed that screening for intrinsic high growth rate and physiological tolerance should go hand in hand, with more emphasis on the former. This is the reverse of the usual situation.

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Mangal, J. L., P. S. Hooda, and S. Lal. "Salt tolerance of five muskmelon cutivars." Journal of Agricultural Science 110, no. 3 (June 1988): 641–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600082241.

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SummaryThe salt tolerance of five muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars Hara Madhu, Punjab Sunhari, Punjab Hybrid, Pusa Madhuras and Durgapur Madhu was assessed in field plots artificially salinized with NaCl and CaCl2. Percentage germination and melon yield of all the cultivars decreased linearly with increasing soil salinity. Decline in percentage germination with increasing salinity differed with cultivar. If soil salinity exceeded 1·11 dS/m, mean germination of muskmelon decreased at a rate of 9% per unit increase in soil salinity. Similarly melon yield decreased at a rate of 8·73% for each unit of EC exceeding 103 dS/m. Hara Madhu had the highest rate of yield drop per unit salinity increase. The salt tolerance limit of muskmelon was found to be associated with soil ECe value of about 5·20–6·32 dS/m.

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López-Serrano, Lidia, Consuelo Penella, Alberto San-Bautista, Salvador López-Galarza, and Angeles Calatayud. "Physiological changes of pepper accessions in response to salinity and water stress." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): e0804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017153-11147.

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New sources of water stress and salinity tolerances are needed for crops grown in marginal lands. Pepper is considered one of the most important crops in the world. Many varieties belong to the genus Capsicum spp., and display wide variability in tolerance/sensitivity terms in response to drought and salinity stress. The objective was to screen seven salt/drought-tolerant pepper accessions to breed new cultivars that could overcome abiotic stresses, or be used as new crops in land with water and salinity stress. Fast and effective physiological traits were measured to achieve the objective. The present study showed wide variability of the seven pepper accessions in response to both stresses. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration reduced mainly under salinity due to stomatal and non-stomatal (Na+ accumulation) constraints and, to a lesser extent, in the accessions grown under water stress. A positive relationship between CO2 fixation and fresh weight generation was observed for both stresses. Decreases in Ys and YW and increased proline were observed only when accessions were grown under salinity. However, these factors were not enough to alleviate salt effects and an inverse relation was noted between plant salt tolerance and proline accumulation. Under water stress, A31 was the least affected and A34 showed the best tolerance to salinity in terms of photosynthesis and biomass.

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Hackl, Harald, Yuncai Hu, and Urs Schmidhalter. "Evaluating growth platforms and stress scenarios to assess the salt tolerance of wheat plants." Functional Plant Biology 41, no. 8 (2014): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp13233.

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Crops are routinely subjected to a combination of different abiotic stresses. Simplified platforms, stress scenarios and stress protocols are used to study salt tolerance under largely controlled and uniform conditions that are difficult to extrapolate to real arid and semiarid field conditions. To address the latter deficit, this work compares a realistic stress protocol (for salinity alone, drought alone and combined salinity plus drought stress) simulating a field environment in large containers to equivalent results from a more artificial pot environment. The work was based on two wheat cultivars known to differ in their salt tolerance (salt-sensitive Sakha 61 and salt-tolerant Sakha 93). Our results showed that previously established differences in the salt tolerances of the two wheat cultivars were no longer valid when the plants were exposed to a combined stress of salinity plus drought, regardless of the growth platform. Furthermore, in comparing a simulated field root-environment (containers) with pots, our results showed an interactive effect between the different treatments and platforms for both of the investigated cultivars. We conclude that a combined salinity + drought stress scenario and a reliable growth platform are of utmost importance in screening for salt tolerance of spring wheat. In future studies, increased emphasis should be placed on combining salinity with drought stress in well suited platforms to better mimic real field conditions where salinity is present.

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Zhang, Qi, Sheng Wang, and Kevin Rue. "Salinity Tolerance of 12 Turfgrasses in Three Germination Media." HortScience 46, no. 4 (April 2011): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.4.651.

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Salinity tolerance of 12 turfgrasses in four groups, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), fescues (Festuca spp.), kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratesis L.), and alkaligrass [Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl.], was evaluated using three germination methods. Seeds were germinated on 1% agar medium, on germination paper, or in a hydroponic system under salinity levels of 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 g·L−1 NaCl. Germination rate and seedling growth of each grass were determined. Salinity reduced the final germination rate (FGR), daily germination rate (DGR), and seedling leaf area (LA) in all tests. On agar medium, no significant difference in salinity tolerance was observed among the four turf groups; however, ‘Turf Blue’ kentucky bluegrass with a corn starch-based coating (coated ‘Turf Blue’) showed a significant higher salinity tolerance than the uncoated one. Using germination paper, creeping bentgrass required the highest salinity level to cause 50% reduction in FGR followed by alkaligrass, fescues, and kentucky bluegrass. Kentucky bluegrass required the lowest salinity level (9.5 g·L−1) to reduce DGR by 50%. With the hydroponic system, alkaligrass required a salinity level of 26.3 g·L−1 to reduce FGR by 50%, the highest among the four groups. Alkaligrass showed again the highest salinity tolerance with an average of 12.7 g·L−1 needed to reduce LA by 50%. Among the grasses, coated ‘Turf Blue’ kentucky bluegrass, ‘Declaration’ creeping bentgrass, and ‘Fults’ alkaligrass showed the highest salinity tolerance when evaluated on agar medium, on germination paper, or in the hydroponic system, respectively. The present study determined the salinity tolerance of 12 turfgrasses at seed germination and early seedling growth stages and showed that the germination method was a factor affecting the evaluation result and it should be considered in a seed germination test of turfgrass for salinity tolerance.

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Marcum, Kenneth B., and Mohammad Pessarakli. "Salinity Tolerance of Ryegrass Turf Cultivars." HortScience 45, no. 12 (December 2010): 1882–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.12.1882.

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Relative salinity tolerance of 32 perennial (Lolium perenne L.) and three intermediate (Lolium ×hybridum Hausskn.) ryegrass turf cultivars was determined by measuring turf leaf clipping dry weight, root weight, rooting depth, and percent green leaf canopy area relative to control (non-salinized) plants. After gradual acclimation, grasses were exposed to moderate salinity stress (6 dS·m−1) for 6 weeks through solution culture in a controlled environment greenhouse. Shoot parameters were highly correlated, being mutually effective predictors of salinity tolerance. After 6 weeks of salinity stress, percent green leaf canopy area (GL) was correlated with relative (to control) final week leaf clipping weight (LWREL) (r = 0.90) and with linear slope of decline of weekly leaf clipping weight over the 6-week exposure to salinity (LWSLOPE) (r = 0.66). Rooting parameters root dry weight (RW) and rooting depth (RD), although significantly correlated with all shoot parameters, were only moderately effective in predicting relative salinity tolerance. ‘Paragon’ was the most salt-tolerant as indicated by all parameters. Other salt-tolerant cultivars included Divine and Williamsburg. Intermediate ryegrass cultivars (Froghair, Midway, and Transist) were invariably found within the most salt-sensitive category for all parameters.

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Zollinger, Nickolee, Teresa Cerny-Koenig, Roger Kjelgren, Rich Koenig, and Kelly Kopp. "(446) Salinity Tolerance of Eight Ornamental Herbaceous Perennials." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1034E—1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1034e.

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Although salinity is becoming an increasing concern for landscape plants in many areas of the West, few studies have been carried out to evaluate salinity responses of ornamental plants, especially herbaceous perennials. We investigated salinity tolerance of four traditionally grown and four Intermountain West native ornamental herbaceous perennials. Penstemo×mexicali `Red Rocks', Leucanthemum×uperbum `Alaska', Echinacea purpurea, Lavandula angustifolia, Geranium viscosissimum, Eriogonum jamesii, Penstemon palmeri, and Mirabilismultiflora were irrigated with water containing a mixture of 2 CaCl2: 1 NaCl at salinity levels of 0.33 (tap water control), 2.2, 5.4, and 8.3 dS·m-1 for 8 weeks. Growth, visual quality, and gas exchange were assessed. Mirabilis multiflora and L.×uperbum `Alaska' showed high salt tolerance based on visual quality. No noticeable leaf necrosis was observed for either species at any salinity level. However, over the 8-week period, growth rates for L. superbumwere reduced by 35%, 58%, and 72% compared to the control for the 2.2, 5.4, and 8.3 dS·m-1 salinity levels, respectively. The decrease in growth did not reduce visual quality. Growth rates for M. multiflora were slightly higher than the control for the 2.2 and 5.4 dS·m-1 salinity levels and dropped about 20% at the highest salinity level. Echinaceapurpureashowed the lowest tolerance to salinity, as evidenced by substantial margin burn at all salinity levels as well as high mortality; all plants in the highest salinity treatment died.

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Borjigin, Chana, Rhiannon K. Schilling, Nathaniel Jewell, Chris Brien, Juan Carlos Sanchez-Ferrero, Paul J. Eckermann, Nathan S. Watson-Haigh, Bettina Berger, Allison S. Pearson, and Stuart J. Roy. "Identifying the genetic control of salinity tolerance in the bread wheat landrace Mocho de Espiga Branca." Functional Plant Biology 48, no. 11 (2021): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp21140.

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Salinity tolerance in bread wheat is frequently reported to be associated with low leaf sodium (Na+) concentrations. However, the Portuguese landrace, Mocho de Espiga Branca, accumulates significantly higher leaf Na+ but has comparable salinity tolerance to commercial bread wheat cultivars. To determine the genetic loci associated with the salinity tolerance of this landrace, an F2 mapping population was developed by crossing Mocho de Espiga Branca with the Australian cultivar Gladius. The population was phenotyped for 19 salinity tolerance subtraits using both non-destructive and destructive techniques. Genotyping was performed using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Genomic regions associated with salinity tolerance were detected on chromosomes 1A, 1D, 4B and 5A for the subtraits of relative and absolute growth rate (RGR, AGR respectively), and on chromosome 2A, 2B, 4D and 5D for Na+, potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulation. Candidate genes that encode proteins associated with salinity tolerance were identified within the loci including Na+/H+ antiporters, K+ channels, H+-ATPase, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and calcium-transporting ATPase. This study provides a new insight into the genetic control of salinity tolerance in a Na+ accumulating bread wheat to assist with the future development of salt tolerant cultivars.

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Cao, Yongce, Xincao Zhang, Shihao Jia, Benjamin Karikari, Mingjun Zhang, Zhangyi Xia, Tuanjie Zhao, and Fuqin Liang. "Genome-wide association among soybean accessions for the genetic basis of salinity-alkalinity tolerance during germination." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 4 (2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20459.

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Salinity-alkalinity stress is one of the main factors limiting crop growth and production. However, few genetic sources that can be used to improve soybean salinity-alkalinity tolerance are available. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic mechanisms for salinity-alkalinity tolerance in soybean during germination by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 281 accessions with 58112 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Four salinity-alkalinity tolerance (ST) indices namely ST-GR (germination ratio), ST-RFW (root fresh weight), ST-DRW (root dry weight), and ST-RL (root length) were used to assess soybean salinity-alkalinity tolerance. A total of 8, 4, 6, and 4 quantitative trait loci (QTL) accounted for 3.83–8.01% phenotypic variation in ST-GR, ST-RL, ST-RFW, and ST-RDW, respectively. Two common QTL (qST.5.1 and qST.16.1) associated with at least three indices located on chromosome 5 (~38.4 Mb) and chromosome 16 (~29.8 Mb), were determined as important loci for controlling salinity-alkalinity tolerance in soybean. We also predicted candidate genes for the two QTL. The significant SNPs and common QTL as well as the salinity-alkalinity tolerant accessions will improve the efficiency of marker-assisted breeding and candidate gene discovery for soybean salinity-alkalinity tolerance.

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Sako, Kaori, Chien Van Ha, Akihiro Matsui, Maho Tanaka, Ayato Sato, and Motoaki Seki. "Transcriptome Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Plants Treated with a New Compound Natolen128, Enhancing Salt Stress Tolerance." Plants 10, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050978.

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Salinity stress is a major threat to agriculture and global food security. Chemical priming is a promising approach to improving salinity stress tolerance in plants. To identify small molecules with the capacity to enhance salinity stress tolerance in plants, chemical screening was performed using Arabidopsis thaliana. We screened 6400 compounds from the Nagoya University Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecule (ITbM) chemical library and identified one compound, Natolen128, that enhanced salinity-stress tolerance. Furthermore, we isolated a negative compound of Natolen128, namely Necolen124, that did not enhance salinity stress tolerance, though it has a similar chemical structure to Natolen128. We conducted a transcriptomic analysis of Natolen128 and Necolen124 to investigate how Natolen128 enhances high-salinity stress tolerance. Our data indicated that the expression levels of 330 genes were upregulated by Natolen128 treatment compared with that of Necolen124. Treatment with Natolen128 increased expression of hypoxia-responsive genes including ethylene biosynthetic enzymes and PHYTOGLOBIN, which modulate accumulation of nitric oxide (NO) level. NO was slightly increased in plants treated with Natolen128. These results suggest that Natolen128 may regulate NO accumulation and thus, improve salinity stress tolerance in A. thaliana.

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Bartels, Dorothea, and Challabathula Dinakar. "Balancing salinity stress responses in halophytes and non-halophytes: a comparison between Thellungiella and Arabidopsis thaliana." Functional Plant Biology 40, no. 9 (2013): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp12299.

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Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors that drastically reduces agricultural productivity. In natural environments salinity often occurs together with other stresses such as dehydration, light stress or high temperature. Plants cope with ionic stress, dehydration and osmotic stress caused by high salinity through a variety of mechanisms at different levels involving physiological, biochemical and molecular processes. Halophytic plants exist successfully in stressful saline environments, but most of the terrestrial plants including all crop plants are glycophytes with varying levels of salt tolerance. An array of physiological, structural and biochemical adaptations in halophytes make them suitable models to study the molecular mechanisms associated with salinity tolerance. Comparative analysis of plants that differ in their abilities to tolerate salinity will aid in better understanding the phenomenon of salinity tolerance. The halophyte Thellungiella salsuginea has been used as a model for studying plant salt tolerance. In this review, T. salsuginea and the glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana are compared with regards to their biochemical, physiological and molecular responses to salinity. In addition recent developments are presented for improvement of salinity tolerance in glycophytic plants using genes from halophytes.

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Chakrobortty, Jotirmoy, Yeasmin Akter, Md Anamul Hoque, and Md Abul Hashem. "Comparative studies on tolerance of two rice genotypes differing in their salinity tolerance." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 8, no. 4 (December 23, 2022): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v8i4.62819.

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Salinity is a serious problem affecting one third of the irrigation land and limiting the yield potential of modern rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. To increase our understanding of salt tolerance mechanisms in rice for better production, knowledge of salinity effects on rice seedling growth and yield components is inevitable. Despite of large number of studies on salinity tolerance of rice, we have very limited knowledge on the overall effect of salinity on rice seedlings growth. The experiment was carried out to assess the responses of salinity on the growth, nutrient accumulation and yield of rice genotypes BRRI dhan29 (salt-sensitive) and BINA dhan-10 (salt-tolerant). The pot experiment was conveyed at the net house to evaluate the response of two rice genotypes at five levels of salt stresses (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mM NaCl) at the vegetative stage. After harvesting of rice, electrical conductivity of soil was analyzed. Growth, yield components, grain and straw yields were evaluated. Binadhan-10 showed a higher salt tolerance in physiological parameters of rice than BRRI dhan29. A significant reduction of growth, yield components, grain and straw yields of both rice genotypes was found in response to salt stress. At different salt stress conditions nutrient uptake (NPS) and K+/Na+ ratio was significantly decreased in both rice genotypes. Yet, K+/Na+ ratio was more in salt-tolerant variety than salt-sensitive variety. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2022, 8 (4), 230-239

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38

Peel, Michael D., Blair L. Waldron, Kevin B. Jensen, N. Jerry Chatterton, Howard Horton, and Lynn M. Dudley. "Screening for Salinity Tolerance in Alfalfa." Crop Science 44, no. 6 (November 2004): 2049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.2049.

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39

Cid, M. C., M. Caballero, and R. Reimann-Philipp. "ROSE ROOTSTOCK BREEDING FOR SALINITY TOLERANCE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 246 (September 1989): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.246.46.

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Bőhm, Viktória, Dávid Fekete, Gábor Balázs, László Gáspár, and Noémi Kappel. "Salinity tolerance of grafted watermelon seedlings." Acta Biologica Hungarica 68, no. 4 (December 2017): 412–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/018.68.2017.4.7.

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41

Hill*, Samuel C., and Cynthia B. McKenney. "Screening Landscape Roses for Salinity Tolerance." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 894D—894. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.894d.

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Given the regularity of periods of drought in the southwestern U.S., concern over an ample supply of high quality water is always an issue. With a diminishing water supply, higher quality water will likely be diverted to higher priority uses; therefore, concern arises over the availability and quality of water for landscape use. This project was designed to screen representative cultivars from several of the major garden rose categories (China, Tea, Polyantha, Hybrid Tea, and Found Roses) for tolerance to saline irrigation water. Roses were placed in a completely randomized design with four replications in a container holding area. Salinity treatments were designed to be a 2:1 molar ratio of NaCl:CaCl2. The treatments consisted of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mmol NaCl. The volume of solution applied to each treatment was adjusted at every irrigation event to meet ET and produce a 30% leaching-fraction. At the conclusion of the study, the China rose retained the best foliage while one of the hybrid tea roses maintained flowering throughout the study at all treatment levels. It appears that the roses with the smallest leaflets were able to tolerate salinity better than those with larger leaflets. Results of the tissue sample, leachate, spad and media analyses will also be presented.

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42

Mindari, Wanti, Maroeto, and Syekhfani. "Corn Tolerance on Irrigation Water Salinity." Jurnal TANAH TROPIKA (Journal of Tropical Soils) 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2011.16.3.211.

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Belligno, A., F. La Loggia, F. Sambuco, V. Sardo, and R. Brancato. "SALINITY TOLERANCE IN ELYTRIGIA (AGROPYRON ELONGATUM)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 573 (March 2002): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2002.573.40.

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Khrais, T., Y. Leclerc, and D. Donnelly. "Salinity Tolerance Evaluations in Micropropagated Potato." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 515C—515. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.515c.

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The relative salinity tolerance of 130 North American and European potato cultivars were assessed in vitro using nodal cuttings micropropagated in salinized medium. Each cultivar was evaluated twice, using five single-node cuttings, at each salt level (0, 40, 80, and 120 mM NaCl). After 1 month in culture, plantlets were destructively harvested for shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, and the data corrected for differences in cultivar vigor. Multivariate cluster analysis was used to partition this population, based on the six relative growth parameters. Six cultivars were top-ranked at all salinity levels.

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Alshammary, Saad, Y. L. Qian, and S. J. Wallner. "141 Salinity Tolerance of Four Turfgrasses." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 414A—414. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.414a.

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The need for salinity-tolerant turfgrasses is increasing because of increased use of effluent water for turfgrass irrigation. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the relative salt tolerance and salt tolerance mechanisms of `Challenger' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), `Arid' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), `Fults' alkaligrass (Puccinellia distans.), and a saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) collection. Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue were irrigated with saline solutions at 0.2,1.7, 4.8, or 9.9 dS/m, whereas alkaligrass and saltgrass were irrigated with saline solutions at 0.2, 28.1, 32.8, or 37.5 dS/m prepared using a mixture of NaCl and CaCl2. The salinity levels that caused 50% shoot growth reduction were 9.0, 10.4, 20.0, and 28.5 dS/m for Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, saltgrass, and alkaligrass, respectively. Concentrations of proline, a proposed cytoplasmic compatible solute, were 25.8, 30.4, 68.1, and 17.7 μmol/g shoot fw in Kentucky bluegrass, tall Fescue, alkaligrass, and saltgrass, respectively, at the highest salinity level imposed. Bicellular, salt-secreting glands were only observed by scanning electron microscopy on leaves of saltgrass, indicating salt secretion is one of the important salt tolerance mechanisms adopted by saltgrass. Ion contents (Na, Cl, and Ca) in both shoots and roots of all grasses increased with increasing salinity levels. However, alkaligrass maintained a much lower Na, Ca, and Cl contents in roots and shoots than other grasses, suggesting that ion exclusion is one of the major salt tolerance mechanisms in alkaligrass. Tall fescue did not appear to restrict the uptake and translocation of salt in shoot tissues, but maintained a higher K/Na ratio than all other grasses under saline conditions.

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Menezes, Renata V., André D. Azevedo Neto, Hans R. Gheyi, Alide M. W. Cova, and Hewsley H. B. Silva. "Tolerance of Basil Genotypes to Salinity." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 11 (October 16, 2017): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n11p283.

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Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a medicinal species of Lamiaceae family, popularly known for its multiple benefits and high levels of volatile compounds. The species is considered to be one of the most essential oil producing plants. Also cultivated in Brazil as a condiment plant in home gardens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the growth of basil in nutrient solution of Furlani and to identify variables related to the salinity tolerance in this species. The first assay was performed with variation of five saline levels (0 - control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mM NaCl). In the second assay six genotypes were evaluated in two salinity levels 0 and 80 mM NaCl. The height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry mass and inorganic solutes in different organs, photosynthetic pigments, absolute membrane integrity and relative water content were evaluated. All biometric variables in basil were significantly reduced by salinity. Dry matter yield and percentage of membrane integrity were the variables that best discriminated the characteristics of salinity tolerance among the studied basil genotypes. Basil genotypes showed a differentiated tolerance among the genotypes, the ‘Toscano folha de alface’ being considered as the most tolerant and ‘Gennaro de menta’ as the most sensitive, among the species studied.

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Hori, R., V. Phang, and T. J. Lam. "Tolerance of Javanese medaka to salinity." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 23, no. 3 (October 1988): 1770–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1987.11898102.

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ELLIS, SANDRA, and HUGH J. MACISAAC. "Salinity tolerance of Great Lakes invaders." Freshwater Biology 54, no. 1 (January 2009): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02098.x.

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Kirst, G. O. "Salinity Tolerance of Eukaryotic Marine Algae." Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 41, no. 1 (June 1990): 21–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.41.060190.000321.

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Veselý, Lukáš, Vladimír Hrbek, Pavel Kozák, Miloš Buřič, Ronaldo Sousa, and Antonín Kouba. "Salinity tolerance of marbled crayfishProcambarus fallaxf.virginalis." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 418 (2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2017014.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Salinity tolerance'

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