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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Saline water conversion'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Mkhize, Mfanafuthi Mthandeni. "Multistage solar still desalination system." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2848.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.<br>The present study was centred on the design of a thermal multistage solar still desalination system. The design is a multistage with new configurations such as direct vapour input into each stage using vapour make-up tubes and the integration of a multistage with a basin type solar still. The incorporation of float a valve in the secondary seawater tank to regulate the seawater in the assembly eliminated the need of pumps to the system. The circulation of seawater between the evaporator
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2

Chen, Yuanhong. "Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) desalination of sea water." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60676.

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The distillation of sea water is of importance for the future demands for potable water and other uses in the world. A novel technique, based on electrohydrodynamic (EHD) principles, was used in this realm to desalinate artificial sea water of 3.3% (w/V) concentration. A single point corona electrode was operated at a potential of 5.3 kV (maximum output current 0.3 mA), and was installed one cm over the surface of sea water. The flux of air ions was about 3.0 $ times$ 10$ sp{12}$ cm$ sp{-2}$ s$ sp{-1}$ which produced an average electric wind of 1.72 m s$ sp{-1}$ at the sea water surface. Space
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3

Lourens, Christo Le Roux. "Seawater distillation through solar evaporation." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1272.

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Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 2007<br>An investigation was performed into a new desalination plant operating on the principles of distillation through the utilisation of solar energy only. The need for such a system is due to the high energy requirements of current large scale desalination systems and that, in the future, more and more desalinated water will be required to sustain life in certain areas. A conceptual design of such a plant was completed and it proved its feasibility by providing an in depth explanation of the
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4

Gude, Veera Gnaneswar. "Desalination using low grade heat sources." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3296129.

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5

Yüceer, Ahmet. "Pressure drops along the bores of hollow fibre membranes their measurement, prediction and effect on fibre bundle performance /." Connect to e-thesis, 1985. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/976/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 1985.<br>BLL : D80152. Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Glasgow, 1985. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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6

Al, Abdulgader Hasan. "A novel hybrid ion exchange/nanofiltration process for water desalination." Thesis, Swansea University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678263.

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7

Alwaer, Ayad Almakhzum Mohamed. "A prototype desalination system using solar energy and heat pipe technology." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2455.

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Thesis (DTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.<br>The water desalination process needs large quantities of energy, either directly from fossil fuel or electricity from the national grid. However, these sources of energy significantly contribute to problems such as global warming in addition to creating a drain on the economy, due to their high cost. This dissertation is a description of the research undertaken with the aim of producing a water desalination prototype; a novel approach that was designed using state-of-the-art solar water heating equipmen
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8

Nyamhingura, Amon. "Characterization and chemical speciation modelling of saline effluents at Sasol Synthetic Fuels Complex-Secunda and Tukuta power station." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7974_1297940655.

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<p>The study shows conclusively that brine composition and concentration is highly variable at these South African power utilities and processes such as RO, contact with ash and CO2 ingress can have an impact upon the overall brine quality. Aq.QA was found to be a more accurate tool for classifying waters according to dominant ions than Stiff diagrams but Stiff diagrams still have the superior advantage of being a mapping tool to easily identify samples of similar composition as well as quickly identify what has been added or what has been removed from a water stream. Chemical speciation could
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9

Lambrechts, Rhynhardt. "A performance and energy evaluation of a fertiliser-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) system." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2747.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.<br>Globally, water is considered an essential resource as it sustains human, animal and plant life. Water is not only essential for all forms of life but imperative for economic growth. The world’s population is increasing at a disquieting rate, which will result in an increased demand for fresh water and food security. The agricultural industry is the main consumer of global freshwater and utilises fertilisers in order to meet food demands. The demand for water in South Africa (SA) has incre
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10

Delgado, Guillermo Guadalupe. "Treatment of RO concentrate using VSEP technology." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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11

Harrison, Catherine J. "Bench-scale testing of seawater desalination using nanofiltration /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/dissertations/fullcit/1433104.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2005.<br>"August, 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-84). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2005]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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12

Alkhudhiri, Abdullah Ibrahim. "Treatment of saline solutions using air gap membrane distillation (AGMD)." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678440.

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13

Chamier, Jessica. "Composite carbon membranes for the desalination of water." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/353.

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14

Sookbirsingh, Rudy. "Salt separation processes in salt cedar Tamarix ramosissima (Ledeb) /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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15

Acevedo, Carlos R. "Silica removal from brine by using ion exchange." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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16

Welgemoed, Thomas J. "Capacitive deionization tehnology TM development and evaluation of an industrial prototype system." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02182005-130807.

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17

Ahmad, Mansour M. M. "Assessment of freezing desalination technologies." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42635.

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The production of both fresh water and waste streams are progressively increasing over the years due to ongoing population growth coupled with high levels of increase in water consumption. The ongoing growth of human activities, such as industry, recreation, and agriculture, are significantly contributing to the increase in both water demand and severity of degradation of natural water resources. The majority of the industrial wastewaters have a significant impact on the environment; some of which may pose a number of threats to human health and the surrounding environment. Thus, discharge of
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18

Martinetti, C. Riziero. "Membrane contractor processes for desalination of brackish water reverse osmosis brines /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1455665.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008.<br>"May, 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-38). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2008]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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19

Winter, David. "The South African desalination equipment market : size, drivers and restraints." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80649.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Desalination has been hailed by some as the answer to global freshwater supply shortages, but there is rigorous debate over the appropriateness of utilising desalination technology in regions that are not faced with severe water shortages. The aim of this research report is to provide a strategic overview of the South African desalination equipment market, a region where little research on this topic has been conducted. Secondary and thorough primary research in the form of interviews with desalination equipment suppliers
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20

Perera, Dehiwalage Harshani Nimalika. "Thin film composite membranes for desalination." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709429.

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21

Ghassemzadeh, Fereshteh. "Biological and chemical features associated with salt production in solar saltfields at Dry Creek, South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg411.pdf.

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22

Ogutverici, Abdullah. "Triclosan Removal By Nanofiltration From Surface Water." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615617/index.pdf.

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Nowadays, organic pollutants occurring in surface waters have raised substantial concern in public. Triclosan (TCS) is one of the antimicrobial agents which are utilized in both domestic and industrial application. In this study nanofiltration (NF) of TCS in surface water was investigated. Laboratory scale cross-flow device is operated in total recycle mode and DK-NF and DL-NF membranes were used. Kesikk&ouml<br>pr&uuml<br>Reservoir (Ankara) water was used as raw water. Effect of natural organic matter (NOM) content of raw water on TCS removal is searched through addition of humic acid (HA) in
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Augustine, Robyn. "Forward osmosis membranes for direct fertigation within the South African wine industry." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2664.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.<br>Water scarcity in South Africa (SA) and more specifically Cape Town, Western Cape, has escalated to disaster levels in 2018. Agriculture and irrigation account for 62% of SA’s accessible potable water (Thopil & Pouris, 2016), and although the agriculture sector plays a pivotal role in SA’s socio-economic development, the future of the sector is dependent on critical issues such as climate variability and population growth (Besada & Werner, 2015). Wine production in SA is an important agricultural activity,
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24

Wang, Yuan School of Chemical Engineering &amp Industrial Chemistry UNSW. "Composite fouling of calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate in a dynamic seawater reverse osmosis unit." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26007.

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Deposition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4) causes serious processing problems and limits the productivity of seawater reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. The interactions between CaSO4 and CaCO3 in the dynamic seawater RO systems have been neglected previously because conventional studies mainly focused on individual compounds or mixed compounds in batch systems. The present work evaluates composite fouling behavior of CaSO4 and CaCO3 in a dynamic RO unit. The fouling experiments were performed at constant pressure and velocity by a partial recycling mode which permeate
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Smith, Everhardus Johannes. "A numerical analysis of the hydrodynamic mixing characteristics of a rectangular versus a cylindrical mixing crystallizer tank for a membrane distillation apparatus." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2827.

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Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.<br>A membrane distillation crystallization (MDC) experimental setup was designed, constructed and commissioned with rectangular mixing crystallizer tanks. The advantages and disadvantages of a rectangular mixing tank are compared to the traditional cylindrical mixing tank with baffling by means of a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis in Ansys Fluent. The effect of tank configuration and geometry on the hydrodynamic and mixing characteristics for efficient momentum, solid suspension, heat and mass t
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26

Caraballo, Ginna. "An Arduino Based Control System for a Brackish Water Desalination Plant." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804931/.

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Water scarcity for agriculture is one of the most important challenges to improve food security worldwide. In this thesis we study the potential to develop a low-cost controller for a small scale brackish desalination plant that consists of proven water treatment technologies, reverse osmosis, cation exchange, and nanofiltration to treat groundwater into two final products: drinking water and irrigation water. The plant is powered by a combination of wind and solar power systems. The low-cost controller uses Arduino Mega, and Arduino DUE, which consist of ATmega2560 and Atmel SAM3X8E ARM Corte
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Le, Roux Maria. "Investigation of marine components of large direct seawater intake & brine discharge systems for desalination plants, towards development of a general design approach." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4177.

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Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This investigation focused on the marine components of large direct seawater intake and brine discharge systems for seawater desalination plants, with the main aim to provide an overall design approach for these components. Due to its complexity, an overall and systematic design approach, addressing all the components (feedwater requirements, plant technology, marine structures and environmental issues) is required to ensure an optimum design. A literature review was done on the various desalinatio
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Jingxi, Estella Zandile. "Forward osmosis : a desalination technology for the textile industry." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2674.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.<br>Similar to the energy crisis, the critical state of the water supply in South Africa (SA) is a combination of (i) resource exhaustion and pollution; (ii) increasing demand; and (iii) poor infrastructure. Despite its importance, water is the most poorly managed resource in the world. The disposal of industrial effluents contributes greatly to the poor quality of water. The textile industry consumes great quantities of water and produces enormous volumes of wastewater which requires appropriate treatment bef
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Gedik, Kadir. "Cadmium Removal Using Clinoptilolite: Influence Of Conditioning And Regeneration." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607563/index.pdf.

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Clinoptilolite samples obtained from two deposits in Turkey were tested for their potential in removing cadmium from aqueous solutions. Preliminary experiments in batch mode revealed inferior cadmium uptake at low pH. Particle size was found to have no effect on cadmium removal efficiency suggesting the use of exchangeable cations found in the internal/available sites. Increasing temperature yielded positive, whereas prewashing had no effect on cadmium removal using both clinoptilolite samples. The Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data for both samples better than the Freundlich model.
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Gilstrap, Matthew Coleman. "Renewable electricity from salinity gradients using reverse electrodialysis." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49031.

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Renewable power generation from the controlled mixing of sea and fresh water is relatively unexplored when compared to the development for solar, wind, and other sustainable power alternatives. When global river discharge was taken into account, an estimated 2.6 TW of obtainable energy exists in untapped salinity gradients. Reverse electrodialysis is one proposed power-generating mechanism for harnessing energy from brackish environments and relies on the transport of aqueous salt ions through an apparatus of ion-exchange membranes. In this thesis, operational parameters, including flow direct
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31

Capar, Goksen. "Development Of A Membrane Based Treatment Scheme For Water Recovery From Textile Effluents." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605839/index.pdf.

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A membrane based treatment scheme was developed for the recovery of the print dyeing wastewaters (PDWs) and the acid dye bath wastewaters (ADBWs) of carpet manufacturing industry. The treatment schemes were developed by selecting the best pre-treatment and treatment processes among the alternatives of chemical precipitation (CP), microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF). The best process train for PDW was CP+NF, where organic matter, color, turbidity and total hardness were removed at &gt<br>95%. The alternative process train CP+UF also removed color and turbidity alm
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Sarikaya, Ebru. "Agricultural Reuse Of Water And Nutrients From Wastewater Treatment In Izmir Region." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614337/index.pdf.

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Rapid urbanization and population growth have represented a great challenge to water resources management, since wastewater generated in urban areas forms a non-conventional source, wastewater reuse is being recognized as a sustainable water management approach. This study focuses on with the potential and practibility of implementing wastewater reuse techniques in Izmir region, especially with the aim to use treated wastewater and nutrient for agriculture. To this end, qualititative and quantitative agricultural water demand were considered. This thesis introduces a wastewater reuse planni
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Shanyengana, Shanyengana E. "Groundwater chemistry and supplementary sources of freshwater in Arid environments : groundwater salinisation, solar desalination & fog collection." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52870.

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Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Freshwater is the most fundamental of all life-supporting resources that determine our social, economic and political wellbeing. It is, however, only a small percentage of the world's water resources and is also unevenly distributed. Arid regions make-up about forty percent of the world's land area and have a large proportion of the world population, however, they only have a small fraction of the freshwater compared to other areas. Conventional freshwater sources in arid environments such as surface water in rivers, l
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Coruh, Hale Aylin. "Use Of Calcium Alginate As A Coagulant In Water Treatment." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606531/index.pdf.

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Coagulation and flocculation processes are important parts of water and wastewater treatment. Coagulation or destabilization of colloidal suspensions results in aggregation of colloidal particles by physical and chemical processes. Flocculation results in the formation of larger and settleable structures by bridging. Alginate, a polysaccharide obtained from marine brown algae, produces a gel structure when mixed with calcium ions, which is expected to be a potential coagulant in water treatment. This study aims to determine the use of calcium alginate as a potential coagulant during water tr
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Uyusur, Burcu. "Laboratory Investigation Of The Treatment Of Chromium Contaminated Groundwater With Iron-based Permeable Reactive Barriers." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607550/index.pdf.

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Chromium is a common groundwater pollutant originating from industrial processes such as metal plating, leather tanning and pigment manufacturing. Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) have proven to be viable and cost-effective systems for remediation of chromium contaminated groundwater at many sites. The purpose of this research presented in this thesis is to focus on two parameters that affect the performance of PRB on chromium removal, namely the concentration of reactive media and groundwater flux by analyzing the data obtained from laboratory column studies. Laboratory scale columns packed
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Unlu, Meltem. "Indigo Dyeing Wastewater Treatment By The Membrane Based Filtration Process." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609464/index.pdf.

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In the present study, the recovery of the indigo dyeing rinsing wastewater originating from a denim textile mill to the degree of reuse quality, which generally requires nanofiltration (NF), was investigated. In order to control flux decline and hence to maintain an efficient NF<br>coagulation, microfiltration (MF) and sequential MF plus ultrafiltration (UF) pretreatment process alternatives were tested. All pretreatment alternatives were optimized to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color load to NF. Coagulation process was investigated using the coagulants, aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3
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Islamoglu, Sezin. "Effect Of Ionic Strength On The Performance Of Polymer Enhanced Ultrafiltration In Heavy Metal Removal From Aqueous Solutions." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607832/index.pdf.

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Effect of ionic strength on the efficiency of heavy metal removal and recovery from aqueous solutions via continuous mode polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) method was examined. Application of PEUF to divalent ions of cadmium, nickel and zinc after their prior linking with polyethylenimine (PEI) results in complete removal of metal ions from single component aqueous solutions at high pHs. Binding ability and hence the extent of metal retention in high ionic strength medium exhibits differences between solutions containing single and multicomponent metal mixtures. In single component metal
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Blersch, Catherine Louise. "Planning for seawater desalination in the context of the Western Cape water supply system." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95848.

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Thesis (MEng) -- Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has historically been reliant on inexpensive surface and groundwater resources; however, as pressure on these resources continues to grow, seawater desalination has begun to emerge as a potential future supply source. One of the towns earmarked as a candidate for large-scale seawater desalination is Cape Town. In order to maximise the benefits and minimise the costs of such a scheme, the desalination plant needs to be considered as an integral part of the current system. Integrated planning has been lacking at th
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Miyashita, Yu. "Removal of N-nitrosamine by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14490.

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The rejections of selected N-nitrosamines by commonly used high-pressure nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were quantitatively evaluated using a bench-scale cross-flow filtration apparatus. The selected nitrosamines included N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA) and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPHA). Nitrosamine rejections were evaluated under steady state at elevated feed concentrations, since NDMA rejections were found to be
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Brahmin, Arivindra. "A review of selected small scale seawater intakes in South Africa and an investigation into abstraction from the surfzone on rocky coastlines, by means of the horizontal well method." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17996.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is a relatively dry country with an annual average rainfall of 464mm compared to a world average of 860mm (WSA, 2009). Water shortages and droughts are fairly common to the western and high lying of regions South Africa. Due to its population growth and the rapid development, like the rest of the world, there has been an increased demand for water. Due to increasing costs of procuring water and its decreasing availability, the option of using seawater as a source for freshwater or directly in industrial processe
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Topkaya, Pinar. "Computer Simulation Of A Complete Biological Treatment Plant." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609708/index.pdf.

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Nitrogen and phosphorus removal is often required before discharge of treated wastewater to sensitive water bodies. Kayseri Wastewater Treatment Plant (KWWTP) is a biological wastewater treatment plant that includes nitrogen and phosphorus removal along with carbon removal. The KWWTP receives both municipal wastewater and industrial wastewaters. In this study, KWWTP was modeled by using a software called GPS-X, which is developed for modeling municipal and industrial wastewaters. The Activated Sludge Model No.2d (ASM2d) developed by the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ) was use
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Codal, Ahmet. "Modeling Of Nitrogen Removal In A Membrane Biological Treatment Process." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610212/index.pdf.

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Biological nitrogen removal was simulated for a Vacuum Rotating Membrane (VRM) type membrane bioreactor (MBR) operated in METU campus. In order to simulate the biological MBR plant, a dynamic model that describes the process is needed. In this thesis, the Activated Sludge Model No.1 (ASM1), which still is the most widely used model developed by the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ), has been used to simulate the carbon oxidation, nitrification and denitrification processes occurring in the plant using AQUASIM software package. Once the model was established, sensitivities of t
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Ersan, Yusuf Cagatay. "The Effects Of Seed Sludge Type And Anoxic/aerobic Period Sequence On Aerobic Granulation And Cod, N Treatment Performance." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615330/index.pdf.

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The aim of this master thesis study was improvement of the required operational conditions for aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). In the first part of the study, membrane bioreactor sludge (MBS) and conventional activated sludge (CAS), were used to investigate the effect of suspended seed sludge type on granulation in SBRs. The MBS granules were found to be advantageous in terms of size, resistance to toxic effects, stability and recovery compared to CAS granules. During non-inhibitory conditions, sCOD removal efficiencies were 70&plusmn<br>13% and 67&plusmn<br>11% for M
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Otto, Dietmar Norman. "The effect of forward flushing, with permeate, on gypsum scale formation during reverse osmosis treatment of CaSO4-rich water in the absence of anti-scalant." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95887.

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Thesis (MEng) -- Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When desalinating brackish water by reverse osmosis (RO) or other techniques, high overall water recoveries are essential to minimize brine production and the associated disposal costs thereof. As the overall water recovery increases, concentrations of sparingly soluble salts (e.g. barium sulphate, calcium sulphate) reach levels above saturation, especially near the membrane surface, drastically increasing the scaling propensity. Antiscalants are typically dosed into the feed water to prevent such scaling during RO desalinati
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45

Yuksel, Mete Avni. "Use Of Calcium-alginate As A Coagulant For Low Turbidity Waters." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609204/index.pdf.

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This study aims to investigate the possibility of using calcium-alginate as a coagulant in low turbidity waters. Jar tests were initially performed with synthetically prepared turbid waters to investigate the effect of alginate and calcium concentrations, alginate&rsquo<br>s molecular weight, rapid mixing time and speed (schedule), initial pH and alkalinity of synthetic water on turbidity removal efficiency of calcium-alginate system step by step. Alum as a coagulant was then used in jar tests conducted with synthetic water to compare with calcium-alginate in terms of its turbidity removal eff
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Acar, Ebru. "Oxidation Of Acid Red 151 Solutions By Peroxone (o3/h2o2) Process." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605527/index.pdf.

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Wastewaters from textile industry contain organic dyes, which cannot be easily treated by biological methods. Therefore, pretreatment by an advanced oxidation process (AOP) is needed in order to produce more readily biodegradable compounds and to remove color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) simultaneously. In this research, ozone (O3) is combined with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for the advanced oxidation of an azo dye solution, namely aqueous solution of Acid Red 151, which is called as &ldquo<br>Peroxone process&rdquo<br>. The aim of the study is to enhance the ozonation efficiency in treating
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47

Shames, Elhashmi Adel. "An investigation into the effect of different types of antiscalant on desalination reverse osmosis (Ro) membrane flux." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2609.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012.<br>Recently much research and development has been done into the creation of desalination systems in South Africa, with particular emphasis on the commercialisation of desalination plants that serve local communities. This has been successful - there are currently plants running at Bitlerfontien, Bushmans River Mouth and Robben Island - although membrane fouling and scaling remains a problem associated with membrane desalination, as it does worldwide The aim of this study was to Investigate the performa
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Koen, Louis Johannes. "Ultrasonic-time-domain-reflectometry as a real time non-destructive visualisation technique of concentration polarisation and fouling on reverse osmosis membranes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52042.

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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Fouling is readily acknowledged as one of the most critical problems limiting the wider application of membranes in liquid separation processes. A better understanding of fouling layer formation and its monitoring is needed in order to improve on existing cleaning techniques. Plant operation can be optimised if fouling can be monitored by noninvasion means either on the plant itself or on an attached monitoring device. The overall scope of this research was to develop a non-destructive, real-time, in situ visualisation t
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Ahmad, Mansoor. "Environmental effects of multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination plant at Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia /." 2002.

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Nthunya, Lebea Nathnael. "Nano-enhanced membrane distillation membranes for potable water production from saline/brackish water." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25921.

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Abstract in English and German<br>The reported PhD research study was conceived from real water problems experienced by a rural community in South Africa (SA). Specifically, water quality in the Nandoni Dam situated in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa was assessed in order to determine its fitness for use, following complaints by community members using this water for drinking and domestic purposes. The dam supplies water to 55 villages with approximately 800 000 residents. At the inception of the study, there was little scientific information relating to the quality of the
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