Journal articles on the topic 'Saliency volumes'
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Shafiq, Muhammad Amir, Zhiling Long, Haibin Di, and Ghassan AlRegib. "A novel attention model for salient structure detection in seismic volumes." Applied Computing and Intelligence 1, no. 1 (2021): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/aci.2021002.
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<abstract><p>A new approach to seismic interpretation is proposed to leverage visual perception and human visual system modeling. Specifically, a saliency detection algorithm based on a novel attention model is proposed for identifying subsurface structures within seismic data volumes. The algorithm employs 3D-FFT and a multi-dimensional spectral projection, which decomposes local spectra into three distinct components, each depicting variations along different dimensions of the data. Subsequently, a novel directional center-surround attention model is proposed to incorporate directional comparisons around each voxel for saliency detection within each projected dimension. Next, the resulting saliency maps along each dimension are combined adaptively to yield a consolidated saliency map, which highlights various structures characterized by subtle variations and relative motion with respect to their neighboring sections. A priori information about the seismic data can be either embedded into the proposed attention model in the directional comparisons, or incorporated into the algorithm by specifying a template when combining saliency maps adaptively. Experimental results on two real seismic datasets from the North Sea, Netherlands and Great South Basin, New Zealand demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for detecting salient seismic structures of different natures and appearances in one shot, which differs significantly from traditional seismic interpretation algorithms. The results further demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms comparable state-of-the-art saliency detection algorithms for natural images and videos, which are inadequate for seismic imaging data.</p></abstract>
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Pham, Nam, and Sergey Fomel. "Uncertainty and interpretability analysis of encoder-decoder architecture for channel detection." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): O49—O58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0409.1.
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We have adopted a method to understand uncertainty and interpretability of a Bayesian convolutional neural network for detecting 3D channel geobodies in seismic volumes. We measure heteroscedastic aleatoric uncertainty and epistemic uncertainty. Epistemic uncertainty captures the uncertainty of the network parameters, whereas heteroscedastic aleatoric uncertainty accounts for noise in the seismic volumes. We train a network modified from U-Net architecture on 3D synthetic seismic volumes, and then we apply it to field data. Tests on 3D field data sets from the Browse Basin, offshore Australia, and from Parihaka in New Zealand prove that uncertainty volumes are related to geologic uncertainty, model mispicks, and input noise. We analyze model interpretability on these data sets by creating saliency volumes with gradient-weighted class activation mapping. We find that the model takes a global-to-local approach to localize channel geobodies as well as the importance of different model components in overall strategy. Using channel probability, uncertainty, and saliency volumes, interpreters can accurately identify channel geobodies in 3D seismic volumes and also understand the model predictions.
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Song, Ailin, Pablo Ortiz, Mark Draelos, Stefanie G. Schuman, Glenn J. Jaffe, Sina Farsiu, Joseph A. Izatt, Ryan P. McNabb, and Anthony N. Kuo. "57084 Combining artificial intelligence and robotics: a novel fully automated optical coherence tomography-based approach for eye disease screening." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.712.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: Despite its importance in systemic diseases such as diabetes, the eye is notably difficult to examine for non-specialists; this study introduces a fully automated approach for eye disease screening, coupling a deep learning algorithm with a robotically-aligned optical coherence tomography system to improve eye care in non-ophthalmology settings. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: This study aims to develop and test a deep learning (DL) method to classify images acquired from a robotically-aligned optical coherence tomography (OCT) system as normal vs. abnormal. The long-term goal of our study is to integrate artificial intelligence and robotic eye imaging to fully automate eye disease screening in diverse clinical settings. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Between August and October 2020, patients seen at the Duke Eye Center and healthy volunteers (age ≥18) were imaged with a custom, robotically-aligned OCT (RAOCT) system following routine eye exam. Using transfer learning, we adapted a preexisting convolutional neural network to train a DL algorithm to classify OCT images as normal vs. abnormal. The model was trained and validated on two publicly available OCT datasets and two of our own RAOCT volumes. For external testing, the top-performing model based on validation was applied to a representative averaged B-scan from each of the remaining RAOCT volumes. The model’s performance was evaluated against a reference standard of clinical diagnoses by retina specialists. Saliency maps were created to visualize the areas contributing most to the model predictions. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The training and validation datasets included 87,697 OCT images, of which 59,743 were abnormal. The top-performing DL model had a training accuracy of 96% and a validation accuracy of 99%. For external testing, 43 eyes of 27 subjects were imaged with the robotically-aligned OCT system. Compared to clinical diagnoses, the model correctly labeled 18 out of 22 normal averaged B-scans and 18 out of 21 abnormal averaged B-scans. Overall, in the testing set, the model had an AUC for the detection of pathology of 0.92, an accuracy of 84%, a sensitivity of 86%, and a specificity of 82%. For the correctly predicted scans, saliency maps identified the areas contributing most to the DL algorithm’s predictions, which matched the regions of greatest clinical importance. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: This is the first study to develop and apply a DL model to images acquired from a self-aligning OCT system, demonstrating the potential of integrating DL and robotic eye imaging to automate eye disease screening. We are working to translate this technology for use in emergency departments and primary care, where it will have the greatest impact.
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Shen, Enya, Yunhai Wang, and Sikun Li. "Spatiotemporal volume saliency." Journal of Visualization 19, no. 1 (April 21, 2015): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12650-015-0293-y.
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Shen, Enya, Sikun Li, Xun Cai, Liang Zeng, and Wenke Wang. "SAVE: saliency-assisted volume exploration." Journal of Visualization 18, no. 2 (October 4, 2014): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12650-014-0237-y.
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Kim, Youngmin, and Amitabh Varshney. "Saliency-guided Enhancement for Volume Visualization." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 12, no. 5 (September 2006): 925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2006.174.
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Giora, Rachel, Moshe Raphaely, Ofer Fein, and Elad Livnat. "Resonating with contextually inappropriate interpretations in production: The case of irony." Cognitive Linguistics 25, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2014-0026.
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AbstractAccording to the graded salience hypothesis, salient meanings and salience-based interpretations are not only involved in language comprehension but also in language production (Giora 2003, 2011a; Giora and Gur 2003). This should be true of irony production as well. If, as predicted by the graded salience hypothesis, the ironist herself indeed activates utterance interpretations on account of their salience-based accessibility rather than solely on account of their contextual fit, this might be reflected in the ironies' environment. Given the crucial role of the salience-based interpretation of “what is said” in deriving and supporting the ironic interpretation, this interpretation should not be suppressed (Giora 1995). Such a view of irony production predicts that its environment will demonstrate dialogic resonance (à la Du Bois, this volume) with ironies' salience-based, but incompatible interpretations. To test this prediction, we studied a written Hebrew corpus including over 1600 ironies. Our findings show that 46% of the ironies, 10% of which are extended ironies, are addressed via reference to their salience-based contextually incompatible interpretations; resonance with the context-based , ironic interpretation occurred in only 8% of the cases; the environment of the rest either did not resonate with any of their interpretations (43%), or resonated with both their compatible and incompatible interpretations (3%). These results support the view that, like comprehenders (Giora et al. 2007), irony producers too activate and retain salience-based albeit inappropriate interpretations.
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Cohen, Jeremy, Taylor Smith, Khalil Thompson, Armond Collins, Tracey Knaus, and Helen Tager-Flusberg. "Altered Anterior Insular Asymmetry in Pre-teen and Adolescent Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Annals of Behavioral Neuroscience 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2018): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18314/abne.v1i1.1120.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is hallmarked by social-emotional reciprocity deficits. Social-emotional responding requires the clear recognition of social cues as well as the internal monitoring of emotional salience. Insular cortex is central to the salience network, and plays a key role in approach-avoidance emotional valuation. Consistent right anterior insular hypoactivity and variable volumetric differences of insular cortical volumes were shown previously. The current study analyzed anterior and posterior insular volume/asymmetry changes in ASD across age. Age was used as an additional grouping variable as previous studies indicated differential regional volume in ASD individuals before and after puberty onset. In the current sample, pre-teen ASD expressed left lateralized anterior insula, while adolescent ASD had right lateralization. Typically developing (TD) individuals expressed the opposite lateralization of anterior insula in both age-groups (right greater than left anterior insular volume among pre-teen TD and left greater than right anterior insular volume among adolescent TD). Social-emotional calibrated severity scores from the ADOS were positively correlated with leftward anterior insular asymmetry and negatively correlated with proportional right anterior insular volumes in ASD. Insular cortex has a lateralized role in autonomic nervous system regulation (parasympathetic control in the left, sympathetic control in the right). Atypical insular asymmetry in ASD may contribute to the development of networks with a diminished salience signal to human faces and voices, and may lead to more learned passive avoidant responses to such stimuli at younger ages, leading to more distressed responses in adolescence. Data here supports the use of early behavioral intervention to increase awareness of and reward for social-emotional cues.
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Li, Qingwu, Haisu Cheng, Yan Zhou, and Guanying Huo. "Human Action Recognition Using Improved Salient Dense Trajectories." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6750459.
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Human action recognition in videos is a topic of active research in computer vision. Dense trajectory (DT) features were shown to be efficient for representing videos in state-of-the-art approaches. In this paper, we present a more effective approach of video representation using improved salient dense trajectories: first, detecting the motion salient region and extracting the dense trajectories by tracking interest points in each spatial scale separately and then refining the dense trajectories via the analysis of the motion saliency. Then, we compute several descriptors (i.e., trajectory displacement, HOG, HOF, and MBH) in the spatiotemporal volume aligned with the trajectories. Finally, in order to represent the videos better, we optimize the framework of bag-of-words according to the motion salient intensity distribution and the idea of sparse coefficient reconstruction. Our architecture is trained and evaluated on the four standard video actions datasets of KTH, UCF sports, HMDB51, and UCF50, and the experimental results show that our approach performs competitively comparing with the state-of-the-art results.
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Li, Quanzhi, and Qiong Zhang. "Twitter Event Summarization by Exploiting Semantic Terms and Graph Network." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 17 (May 18, 2021): 15347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i17.17802.
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Twitter is a fast communication channel for gathering and spreading breaking news, and it generates a large volume of tweets for most events. Automatically creating a summary for an event is necessary and important. In this study, we explored two extractive approaches for summarizing events on Twitter. The first one exploits the semantic types of event related terms, and ranks the tweets based on the score computed from these semantic terms. The second one utilizes a graph convolutional network built from a tweet relation graph to generate tweet hidden features for tweet salience estimation. And the most salient tweets are selected as the summary of the event. Our experiments show that these two approaches outperform the compared methods.
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De Marco, Matteo, Riccardo Manca, Micaela Mitolo, and Annalena Venneri. "White Matter Hyperintensity Load Modulates Brain Morphometry and Brain Connectivity in Healthy Adults: A Neuroplastic Mechanism?" Neural Plasticity 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4050536.
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White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are acquired lesions that accumulate and disrupt neuron-to-neuron connectivity. We tested the associations between WMH load and (1) regional grey matter volumes and (2) functional connectivity of resting-state networks, in a sample of 51 healthy adults. Specifically, we focused on the positive associations (more damage, more volume/connectivity) to investigate a potential route of adaptive plasticity. WMHs were quantified with an automated procedure. Voxel-based morphometry was carried out to model grey matter. An independent component analysis was run to extract the anterior and posterior default-mode network, the salience network, the left and right frontoparietal networks, and the visual network. Each model was corrected for age, global levels of atrophy, and indices of brain and cognitive reserve. Positive associations were found with morphometry and functional connectivity of the anterior default-mode network and salience network. Within the anterior default-mode network, an association was found in the left mediotemporal-limbic complex. Within the salience network, an association was found in the right parietal cortex. The findings support the suggestion that, even in the absence of overt disease, the brain actuates a compensatory (neuroplastic) response to the accumulation of WMH, leading to increases in regional grey matter and modified functional connectivity.
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Palaniyappan, L., P. Mallikarjun, V. Joseph, T. P. White, and P. F. Liddle. "Reality distortion is related to the structure of the salience network in schizophrenia." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 8 (December 13, 2010): 1701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291710002205.
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BackgroundAn intrinsic cerebral network comprising the anterior cingulate and anterior insula (the salience network) is considered to play an important role in salience detection in healthy volunteers. Aberrant salience has been proposed as an important mechanism in the production of psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations (reality distortion). We investigated whether structural deficits in the salience network are associated with the reality distortion seen in schizophrenia.MethodA sample of 57 patients in a clinically stable state of schizophrenia and 41 controls were studied with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsBilateral volume reduction was seen in the anterior cingulate and anterior insula in patients with schizophrenia. Reduced volume in the two left-sided regions of the salience network was significantly correlated with the severity of reality distortion.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a deficit of grey matter in the salience network leads to an impaired attribution of salience to stimuli that is associated with delusions and hallucinations in schizophrenia.
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Kinard, Brian R., and Jerry L. Kinard. "Visual Effects of Variety and Area Saliency on Food Product Volume Estimates." Journal of Food Products Marketing 22, no. 1 (October 9, 2015): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2014.949995.
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Mousse, Mikael Ange, and Béthel Atohoun. "Saliency based human fall detection in smart home environments using posture recognition." Health Informatics Journal 27, no. 3 (July 2021): 146045822110309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582211030954.
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The implementation of people monitoring system is an evolving research theme. This paper introduces an elderly monitoring system that recognizes human posture from overlapping cameras for people fall detection in a smart home environment. In these environments, the zone of movement is limited. Our approach used this characteristic to recognize human posture fastly by proposing a region-wise modelling approach. It classifies persons pose in four groups: standing, crouching, sitting and lying on the floor. These postures are obtained by calculating an estimation of the human bounding volume. This volume is estimated by obtaining the height of the person and its surface that is in contact with the ground according to the foreground information of each camera. Using them, we distinguish each postures and differentiate lying on floor posture, which can be considered as the falling posture from other postures. The global multiview information of the scene is obtaining by using homographic projection. We test our proposed algorithm on multiple cameras based fall detection public dataset and the results prove the efficiency of our method.
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Assari, Shervin. "Sex Differences in the Association of Household Income with Amygdala Volume." Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/cjns.6.23.2.
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Background: Household income and other socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators are among the most salient social determinants of children’s emotions and behaviors. Some research has shown that income and other SEP indicators may have certain sex-specific effects on the structures and functions of particular brain regions. Objectives: To investigate sex differences in the association of household income with amygdala volumes in US children. Materials & Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The study data was collected between 2016 and 2018 across 21 sites distributed across US states. Wave 1 ABCD included 10262 American children aged between 9 and 10 years old. The independent variable was household income. The primary outcome was the left amygdala volume, which was measured by T1-weighted structural brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We used a data exploration and analysis portal for our data analysis. Results: Overall, the household income was positively associated with left amygdala size in children. Sex showed a statistically significant interaction with household income on children’s left amygdala volume, net of all confounders, indicating a stronger effect of high household income on male children compared to female children. Conclusion: Household income is a more salient determinant of left amygdala volume for male children compared to female American children. Low-income male children remain at the highest risk of a small amygdala.
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Assari, Shervin, Shanika Boyce, and Tanja Jovanovic. "Association between Hippocampal Volume and Working Memory in 10,000+ 9–10-Year-Old Children: Sex Differences." Children 8, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8050411.
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Aim: This study tested sex differences in the association between hippocampal volume and working memory of a national sample of 9–10-year-old children in the US. As the hippocampus is functionally lateralized (especially in task-related activities), we explored the results for the right and the left hippocampus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study data. This analysis included baseline ABCD data (n = 10,093) of children between ages 9 and 10 years. The predictor variable was right and left hippocampal volume measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). The primary outcome, list sorting working memory, was measured using the NIH toolbox measure. Sex was the moderator. Age, race, ethnicity, household income, parental education, and family structure were the covariates. Results: In the overall sample, larger right (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) and left (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) hippocampal volumes were associated with higher children’s working memory. Sex had statistically significant interactions with the right (b = −0.0018; p = 0.001) and left (b = −0.0012; p = 0.022) hippocampal volumes on children’s working memory. These interactions indicated stronger positive associations between right and left hippocampal volume and working memory for females compared to males. Conclusion: While right and left hippocampal volumes are determinants of children’s list sorting working memory, these effects seem to be more salient for female than male children. Research is needed on the role of socialization, sex hormones, and brain functional connectivity as potential mechanisms that may explain the observed sex differences in the role of hippocampal volume as a correlate of working memory.
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Jung, Y., J. Kim, A. Kumar, D. D. Feng, and M. Fulham. "Feature of Interest-Based Direct Volume Rendering Using Contextual Saliency-Driven Ray Profile Analysis." Computer Graphics Forum 37, no. 6 (November 10, 2017): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13308.
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Dai, Yuqi, Changbin Xue, and Li Zhou. "Visual saliency guided perceptual adaptive quantization based on HEVC intra-coding for planetary images." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): e0263729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263729.
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Due to the limited storage space of spacecraft and downlink bandwidth in the data delivery during planetary exploration, an efficient way for image compression onboard is essential to reduce the volume of acquired data. Applicable for planetary images, this study proposes a perceptual adaptive quantization technique based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). This technique is used for bitrate reduction while maintaining the subjective visual quality. The proposed algorithm adaptively determines the Coding Tree Unit (CTU) level Quantization Parameter (QP) values in HEVC intra-coding using the high-level features extracted by CNN. A modified model based on the residual network is exploited to extract the saliency map for a given image automatically. Furthermore, based on the saliency map, a CTU level QP adjustment technique combining global saliency contrast and local saliency perception is exploited to realize a flexible and adaptive bit allocation. Several quantitative performance metrics that efficiently correlate with human perception are used for evaluating image quality. The experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm achieves better visual quality along with a maximum of 7.17% reduction in the bitrate as compared to the standard HEVC coding.
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Busse, Meghan R., Nicola Lacetera, Devin G. Pope, Jorge Silva-Risso, and Justin R. Sydnor. "Estimating the Effect of Salience in Wholesale and Retail Car Markets." American Economic Review 103, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.575.
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We investigate whether the first digit of an odometer reading is more salient to consumers than subsequent digits. We find that retail transaction prices and volumes of used vehicles drop discontinuously at 10,000-mile odometer thresholds, echoing effects found in the wholesale market by Lacetera, Pope and Sydnor (2012). Our results reveal that retail consumers devote limited attention to evaluating vehicle mileage, and that this drives effects in the wholesale market. We estimate the inattention parameter implied by the price discontinuities. In addition, our results suggest that estimating consumer-level structural parameters using data from an intermediate market can give misleading results.
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Alderman, Delton R., Matthew S. Bumgardner, and John E. Baumgras. "An Assessment of the Red Maple Resource in the Northeastern United States." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/22.3.181.
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Abstract The red maple resource in the northeastern United States has exhibited dramatic gains in the past 3 decades in terms of stem numbers and net volume. Growing stock and sawtimber volumes have displayed extraordinary growth compared to other species, and red maple is replacing important market species that have historically been used in the Northeast. The increase in red maple has salient implications for foresters, primary and secondary manufacturers, and wood technologists. Data from the USDA Forest Service's (USFS) Forest Inventory and Analysis program were used to provide a regional assessment of the red maple resource. The analysis includes the location, concentration, volume, quality, and current utilization of red maple in the USFS's 13-state Northeastern Region. Study results indicate red maple is a significant and increasing component of northeastern forests, with Pennsylvania, New York, and Maine holding the largest volumes of red maple. Red maple, expressed as a percentage of USFS hardwood tree grades, is distributed primarily in grades 3 and lower. Finally, development of innovative markets and novel products, understanding consumers via consumer behavior research, and innovative silvicultural treatments will be required to increase the utilization of red maple.North. J. Appl. For. 22(3):181–189.
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Tucker, G. Richard. "LANGUAGE CONTACT AND CHANGE: SUMMARY OBSERVATIONS." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 23 (March 2003): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190503000308.
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Various facets of the general topic of multilingualism, including language contact, have been dealt with in previous ARAL volumes (e.g., under separate entries in volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13, and 15) and as a major substantive focus in volumes 6, 14 and 17. Nonetheless, it does not seem at all surprising that we return to the specific topic of language contact and change in volume 23 given the worldwide incidence of the phenomenon and the attention, and often controversy, which various aspects of language contact, language change or language loss arouses. Thus, I find it interesting that, within the past 12 months, issues related to language contact and derivative implications have surfaced as important factors in public discussions in such disparate settings as the November 2002 elections in several of the states in the United States, the admission of new members to the European Union, and immigration to Australia. Clearly, the topics of language contact and language change are salient and likely to remain so for the foreseeable future.
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Leal, Esmeide, German Sanchez-Torres, John W. Branch-Bedoya, Francisco Abad, and Nallig Leal. "A Saliency-Based Sparse Representation Method for Point Cloud Simplification." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 4279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134279.
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High-resolution 3D scanning devices produce high-density point clouds, which require a large capacity of storage and time-consuming processing algorithms. In order to reduce both needs, it is common to apply surface simplification algorithms as a preprocessing stage. The goal of point cloud simplification algorithms is to reduce the volume of data while preserving the most relevant features of the original point cloud. In this paper, we present a new point cloud feature-preserving simplification algorithm. We use a global approach to detect saliencies on a given point cloud. Our method estimates a feature vector for each point in the cloud. The components of the feature vector are the normal vector coordinates, the point coordinates, and the surface curvature at each point. Feature vectors are used as basis signals to carry out a dictionary learning process, producing a trained dictionary. We perform the corresponding sparse coding process to produce a sparse matrix. To detect the saliencies, the proposed method uses two measures, the first of which takes into account the quantity of nonzero elements in each column vector of the sparse matrix and the second the reconstruction error of each signal. These measures are then combined to produce the final saliency value for each point in the cloud. Next, we proceed with the simplification of the point cloud, guided by the detected saliency and using the saliency values of each point as a dynamic clusterization radius. We validate the proposed method by comparing it with a set of state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of the simplification method.
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Kang, Ye gu, Daniel Fernandez, and David Diaz Reigosa. "Saliency-Based Rotor Spatial Position Displacement Self-Sensing for Self-Bearing Machines." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 9663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249663.
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Self-bearing machines do not contain physical bearings but magnetic bearings. Both rotor rotary and spatial positions displacement are required in these types of machines to control the rotor position while it is levitating. Self-bearing machines often use external sensors for x (horizontal) and y (vertical) spatial position measurement, which will result in additional cost, volume, complexity, and number of parts susceptible to failure. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a xy-position estimation self-sensing technique based on both main- and cross-inductance variation. The proposed method estimates x and y position based on inductive saliency between two sets of three-phase coils. The proposed idea is applied on a combined winding self-bearing machine which does not require additional suspension force winding. No additional search coil placement for xy-position estimation is required. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can result in a compact size self-bearing machine that does not require external sensors for xy-position measurement and suspension force winding.
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Ran, Meng, Zhenpeng Tang, and Weihong Chen. "The Influence of Trading Volume, Market Trend, and Monetary Policy on Characteristics of the Chinese Stock Exchange: An Econophysics Perspective." Open Physics 17, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 985–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2019-0105.
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Abstract The paper adopts the financial physics approach to investigate influence of trading volume, market trend, as well as monetary policy on characteristics of the Chinese Stock Exchange. Utilizing 1-minute high-frequency data at various time intervals, the study examines the probability distribution density, autocorrelation and multi-fractal of the Shanghai Composite Index. Our study finds that the scale of trading volume, stock market trends, and monetary policy cycles all exert significant influences on micro characteristics of Shanghai Composite Index. More specifically, under the conditions of large trading volumes, loose monetary policies, and downward stock trends, the market possesses better fitting on Levy’s distribution, the volatility self-correlation is stronger, and multifractal trait is more salient. We hope our study could provide better guidance for investment decisions, and form the basis for policy formulation aiming for a healthy growth of the financial market.
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Kondratyev, A. M., V. N. Korobenko, and A. D. Rakhel. "Metal–non-metal transition in lead–bismuth eutectic." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 19 (March 14, 2022): 195601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac553d.
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Abstract Thermodynamic functions and electrical resistivity of Pb–Bi eutectic alloy have been measured over wide ranges of specific volume and pressure in the liquid and gaseous state. The experimental data show a crossover from metallic to insulating behavior in the electrical resistivity of the alloy when its specific volume increases. It is found that in the crossover region the constant volume temperature coefficient of resistivity changes sign from positive to negative and passes through zero at a value of the specific volume which is 2.4 times larger than that in normal state. The second salient feature of the alloy revealed by these experiments is that the isochores plotted in the specific internal energy—pressure plane are straight lines. Based on these experimental data and using an earlier developed approach, an equation of state (EOS) of the alloy has been constructed whose accuracy is determined mainly by the errors of the measurements. It is shown that this EOS can be used to obtain direct estimates of the specific volume and pressure at the critical point of the liquid–gas transition as well as the critical volume for the metal–non-metal (M–NM) transition observed in this eutectic. The results indicate that the critical specific volumes for these two transitions are equal, and the M–NM transition can be described by the classical percolation theory.
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Schabel, Chris. "The Early Career of Gerard of Abbeville." Vivarium 55, no. 4 (November 22, 2017): 340–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685349-12341345.
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Abstract Gerard of Abbeville (†1272) was a secular master of theology at the University of Paris and a contemporary of Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure. In the context of reviewing Stephen Metzger’s new two-volume book on Gerard, this paper first adds some new information about Gerard’s early career, notably concerning benefices he claimed in Saint-Omer, Tournai, and Amiens. Afterwards, the salient features of Metzger’s volumes are presented: his placement of Gerard in his institutional context; his characterization of Gerard’s doctrines of wisdom, knowledge, and contemplation in comparison with those of Gerard’s contemporaries; and his editions of texts. In the end, the chronological repercussions of maintaining that Vat. lat. 1015 reflects the original sequence of Gerard’s Quodlibeta, Metzger’s future focus, are discussed.
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Algredo-Badillo, Ignacio, Brenda Sánchez-Juárez, Kelsey A. Ramírez-Gutiérrez, Claudia Feregrino-Uribe, Francisco López-Huerta, and Johan J. Estrada-López. "Analysis and Hardware Architecture on FPGA of a Robust Audio Fingerprinting Method Using SSM." Technologies 10, no. 4 (July 19, 2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies10040086.
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The significant volume of sharing of digital media has recently increased due to the pandemic, raising the number of unauthorized uses of these media, such as emerging unauthorized copies, forgery, the lack of copyright, and electronic fraud, among others. In particular, several applications integrate services or products such as music distribution, content management, audiobooks, streaming, and so on, which require users to demonstrate and guarantee their audio ownership. The use of acoustic fingerprint technology has emerged as a solution that is widely used to secure audio applications. This technique extracts and analyzes certain information that identifies the inherent properties of a partial or complete audio file. In this paper, we introduce two audio fingerprinting hardware architectures with a feature extraction system based on spectrogram saliency maps (SSM) and a brute-force search. The first of these conducts a search in 33 saliency maps of 32 × 32 pixels in size. After analyzing the first algorithm, a second architecture is proposed, in which the saliency map is reduced to 27 × 25 pixels, requiring 75.67% fewer hardware resources, lowering the power consumption by 64.58%, and improving the efficiency by 3.19 times via a throughput reduction of 22.29%.
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Kazemimoghadam, Mahdieh, Weicheng Chi, Asal Rahimi, Nathan Kim, Prasanna Alluri, Chika Nwachukwu, Weiguo Lu, and Xuejun Gu. "Saliency-guided deep learning network for automatic tumor bed volume delineation in post-operative breast irradiation." Physics in Medicine & Biology 66, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 175019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac176d.
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Williams, J. Patrick. "Subculture’s Not Dead! Checking the Pulse of Subculture Studies through a Review of ‘Subcultures, Popular Music and Political Change’ and ‘Youth Cultures and Subcultures: Australian Perspectives’." YOUNG 27, no. 1 (April 23, 2018): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1103308818761271.
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Empirical studies of youth cultures and subcultures continue to flourish alongside active theoretical progression and debates within and across a variety of intellectual traditions. Annually, a range of published articles, monographs and edited collections improve our collective knowledge about youth (sub)cultural phenomena from nearly every corner of the globe. In this article I review two recent edited volumes that deal explicitly with subculture studies: The Subcultures Network’s Subcultures, Popular Music and Political Change (2014, Cambridge Scholars Publishing) and Baker, Robards and Buttigieg’s Youth Cultures and Subcultures: Australian Perspectives (2015, Ashgate). I provide a brief description and summative evaluation of each volume and then organize the review itself in terms of a set of topics that I find to be most salient across the many chapters: identity and identification, centre and periphery, social media, and history. The review moves back and forth between the two volumes as I bring together chapters that are conceptually or analytically similar. My goal is not only to review the significance of the various published studies, but to highlight the continued relevance of the subculture concept.
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Zou, Li-hui, Dezheng Zhang, and Aziguli Wulamu. "Dynamic Scene Stitching Driven by Visual Cognition Model." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/981724.
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Dynamic scene stitching still has a great challenge in maintaining the global key information without missing or deforming if multiple motion interferences exist in the image acquisition system. Object clips, motion blurs, or other synthetic defects easily occur in the final stitching image. In our research work, we proceed from human visual cognitive mechanism and construct a hybrid-saliency-based cognitive model to automatically guide the video volume stitching. The model consists of three elements of different visual stimuli, that is, intensity, edge contour, and scene depth saliencies. Combined with the manifold-based mosaicing framework, dynamic scene stitching is formulated as a cut path optimization problem in a constructed space-time graph. The cutting energy function for column width selections is defined according to the proposed visual cognition model. The optimum cut path can minimize the cognitive saliency difference throughout the whole video volume. The experimental results show that it can effectively avoid synthetic defects caused by different motion interferences and summarize the key contents of the scene without loss. The proposed method gives full play to the role of human visual cognitive mechanism for the stitching. It is of high practical value to environmental surveillance and other applications.
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Liu, Guang-Hai, and Jing-Yu Yang. "Exploiting Color Volume and Color Difference for Salient Region Detection." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 28, no. 1 (January 2019): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2018.2847422.
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Liu, Guang-Hai, and Yingkun Hou. "Salient regions detection using convolutional neural networks and color volume." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 322 (March 2018): 072064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/322/7/072064.
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Binski, Noa, Asya Natapov, and Sagi Dalyot. "Retrieving Landmark Salience Based on Wikipedia: An Integrated Ranking Model." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120529.
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Landmarks are important for assisting in wayfinding and navigation and for enriching user experience. Although many user-generated geotagged sources exist, landmark entities are still mostly retrieved from authoritative geographic sources. Wikipedia, the world’s largest free encyclopedia, stores geotagged information on many geospatial entities, including a very large and well-founded volume of landmark information. However, not all Wikipedia geotagged landmark entities can be considered valuable and instructive. This research introduces an integrated ranking model for mining landmarks from Wikipedia predicated on estimating and weighting their salience. Other than location, the model is based on the entries’ category and attributed data. Preliminary ranking is formulated on the basis of three spatial descriptors associated with landmark salience, namely permanence, visibility, and uniqueness. This ranking is integrated with a score derived from a set of numerical attributes that are associated with public interest in the Wikipedia page―including the number of redirects and the date of the latest edit. The methodology is comparatively evaluated for various areas in different cities. Results show that the developed integrated ranking model is robust in identifying landmark salience, paving the way for incorporation of Wikipedia’s content into navigation systems.
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Pinto, Luca. "The 2018 Italian general election: a ‘new Italy’ or a ‘dead end’?" Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 50, no. 2 (January 6, 2020): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2019.37.
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AbstractTo what extent can the 2018 Italian general election be considered as critical? This article examines how the contributors of six volumes published in the aftermath of the election answer this question by focusing on three major dimensions of change in comparison with the 2013 election: changes in the patterns of party competition; changing patterns of voting behaviour in terms of socio-economic characteristics of the electorate; changes in the salience of issue cleavages and in the way new issues affected the electoral outcomes. The picture originating from the volumes under review is not so sharp as that emerging from the literature that flourished after the 2013 election, whereas several contributions stressed the revolutionary traits of that electoral contest. Despite the important changes observed in comparison to 2013, defining the 2018 general election as critical is adequate only to a certain extent.
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Cheng, Ming, Rui Wu Cao, Wei Hua, and Xin Wang. "A New Linear Double Salient Permanent Magnet Motor with Complementary Winding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.115.
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In this paper, two novel structures of linear double salient permanent magnet (LDSPM) motor having magnets and armature windings in primary are proposed and compared. Firstly, the design principles of both motors are presented. Then, for a fair comparison, two motors are designed based on the same primary dimensions including the slot area, teeth number, pole pitch, permanent magnet volumes and coils number per phase, while the stator pole pitch and the primary structure are different. Finally, the configurations and static characteristics of both motors are critically compared based on finite element (FE) analysis. The results indicate that the proposed topology can avoid the asymmetry of back-EMF waveforms and reduce cogging force and thrust force ripple. Also, the proposed primary permanent magnet linear motors are suitable for the longer stator application such as urban rail transit (URT).
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Dwyer, Michael G., Niels Bergsland, Deepa P. Ramasamy, Bianca Weinstock‐Guttman, Michael H. Barnett, Chenyu Wang, Davorka Tomic, Diego Silva, and Robert Zivadinov. "Salient Central Lesion Volume: A Standardized Novel Fully Automated Proxy for Brain FLAIR Lesion Volume in Multiple Sclerosis." Journal of Neuroimaging 29, no. 5 (July 2019): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jon.12650.
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Liu, Li, Yi Ping Lu, Jia De Han, and Xue Mei Sun. "Numerical Simulation on Air Volume Flow Rate Distribution of Stator Ducts for Salient Pole Synchronous Motor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.373.
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Air volume flow rate distribution of stator ducts along axial and circumferential for salient pole synchronous motor is strongly influenced by the air flow field in the air gap and rotor poles, which is completely different from the flow characteristics of non-salient pole motor and it directly relates to the peak temperature of stator bars and core and axial temperature difference which can affect the safety of the operation. A three-dimensional physical model of 1/8 motor was established and corresponding solution domain boundary conditions were given in this article. The air volume flow rate distribution of stator ducts along axial and circumferential was analyzed based on CFD. The study show that at the same position of the axial stator, the cooling air flow into stator ducts along the circumferential direction is uneven, the air volume flow rate distribution is largely influenced by rotor pole pieces, geometry and position of pole support block and rotor rotation direction.
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Lu, Yan-Ting, Wen-Neng Chang, Chiung-Chih Chang, Cheng-Hsien Lu, Nai-Ching Chen, Chi-Wei Huang, Wei-Che Lin, and Ya-Ting Chang. "Insula Volume and Salience Network Are Associated with Memory Decline in Parkinson Disease: Complementary Analyses of Voxel-Based Morphometry versus Volume of Interest." Parkinson's Disease 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2939528.
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Objective.We investigated structural brain change in subjects with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and examined its relationship with memory impairment.Methods.Twenty-three PD-MCI patients were enrolled and underwent cognitive evaluation and 3-dimensional T1-weighted imaging. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to assess brain-behavior correlations and examine the relationship between insula and memory score. VOI methods replicated results obtained from VBM.Results.VBM uncovered the notion that memory scores were positively correlated with the gray matter (GM) density in the insular cortex and a significant positive correlation between overall cognitive performance and concentration of GM within the lateral temporal cortex. In VOI analyses, our results suggested a positive correlation between the insula and composite free-recall verbal memory (ρ=0.617,P=0.003) and the delayed free-recall verbal memory subdomain (ρ=0.725,P<0.001). Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between the insula and caudate (σ=0.570,P=0.006) and putamen volume (σ=0.683,P<0.001).Conclusions.In patients with PD-MCI, atrophic changes in the insula may be related to memory deficits, and the brain-behavior correlation may be associated with atrophic change in the striatum within the salience network.
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Lopes, Karina Rodrigues, and Adriana Cristina Nicolussi. "Vantagens da ultrassonografia de bexiga na mensuração do volume urinário em pacientes críticos: revisão integrativa [Advantages of bladder ultrasound in measuring urine volume in critically ill patients: an integrative review] [Ventajas de la ecografía vesical en la medición del volumen urinario en pacientes críticos: revisión integradora]." Revista Enfermagem UERJ 29, no. 1 (December 20, 2021): e61972. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2021.61972.
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Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas presentes na literatura quanto ao uso da ultrassonografia de bexiga na mensuração do volume urinário em pacientes críticos adultos e idosos em ambiente intra-hospitalar. Método: revisão integrativa baseada nas recomendações PRISMA, realizada em março de 2021, utilizado os descritores “Retenção Urinária”, “Cuidados Críticos”, “Unidade de Terapia Intensiva”, “Ultrassonografia”, “Adulto” e “Idoso”, nas bases Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo. Resultados: entre cinco selecionados, emergiram duas categorias: vantagens do uso da ultrassonografia para mensuração do volume urinário e perfil dos pacientes críticos com predisposição para manifestação da retenção urinária no ambiente hospitalar. Conclusão: Dentre as vantagens destacou-se eficiência na mensuração do volume urinário e a redução do uso desnecessário de cateter vesical de demora. Quanto ao perfil dos pacientes, verificou-se que a idade maior ou igual a 60 anos e o uso prolongado de cateter vesical de demora contribuíram para ocorrência de retenção urinária. ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the scientific evidence in the literature regarding the use of bladder ultrasonography to measure urine volume in critically ill adults and elderly hospital in-patients. Method: this integrative review based on PRISMA recommendations was conducted in March 2021, using the descriptors “Urine Retention”, “Critical Care”, “Intensive Care Unit”, “Ultrasonography”, “Adult” and “Elderly”, in the Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases. Content analysis was performed. Results: in the five articles selected, two categories emerged: advantages of using ultrasound to measure urine volume and the profile of critically ill patients with a predisposition to urine retention in the hospital environment. Conclusion: salient advantages included efficiency in measuring urine volume and reduced need to use indwelling urinary catheters. Patient profiling showed that age of 60 years or more and prolonged use of indwelling urinary catheters contributed to urine retention. RESUMENObjetivo: identificar las evidencias científicas presentes en la literatura sobre el uso de la ecografía vesical para medir el volumen urinario en pacientes críticos adultos y ancianos en un ambiente intrahospitalario. Método: revisión integradora basada en recomendaciones PRISMA, realizada en marzo de 2021, utilizando los descriptores: “Retención Urinaria”, “Cuidados Críticos”, “Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos”, “Ecografía”, “Adulto” y “Anciano” en las bases Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL y Web of Science. Se realizó análisis de contenido. Resultados: entre los cinco artículos seleccionados, surgieron dos categorías: las ventajas de usar ecografía para medir el volumen urinario y el perfil de los pacientes críticos con predisposición a manifestar retención urinaria en el ambiente hospitalario. Conclusión: entre las ventajas se destacó la eficiencia en la medición del volumen urinario y la reducción del uso innecesario de catéteres vesicales permanentes. En cuanto al perfil de los pacientes, se encontró que la edad mayor o igual a 60 años y el uso prolongado de catéteres vesicales permanentes contribuyeron a la ocurrencia de retención urinaria.
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Plazak, Joseph. "Theoretical Corpora and Compositional Practice." Empirical Musicology Review 11, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/emr.v11i1.5201.
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By combining two distinct research tools, algorithmically generated musical corpora and computational models of music perception, Dean & Pearce (this volume) report a novel methodology and results that might be of interest to both composers and theorists of non-tonal music. This commentary briefly elaborates on one particular implication of their work, namely, the potential to predict the salience of theoretical principles prior to implementing them within compositional practice. Several limitations specific to this particular implication are discussed.
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Ingraham, Kimberly A., Daniel P. Ferris, and C. David Remy. "Evaluating physiological signal salience for estimating metabolic energy cost from wearable sensors." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 717–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00714.2018.
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Body-in-the-loop optimization algorithms have the capability to automatically tune the parameters of robotic prostheses and exoskeletons to minimize the metabolic energy expenditure of the user. However, current body-in-the-loop algorithms rely on indirect calorimetry to obtain measurements of energy cost, which are noisy, sparsely sampled, time-delayed, and require wearing a respiratory mask. To improve these algorithms, the goal of this work is to predict a user’s steady-state energy cost quickly and accurately using physiological signals obtained from portable, wearable sensors. In this paper, we quantified physiological signal salience to discover which signals, or groups of signals, have the best predictive capability when estimating metabolic energy cost. We collected data from 10 healthy individuals performing 6 activities (walking, incline walking, backward walking, running, cycling, and stair climbing) at various speeds or intensities. Subjects wore a suite of physiological sensors that measured breath frequency and volume, limb accelerations, lower limb EMG, heart rate, electrodermal activity, skin temperature, and oxygen saturation; indirect calorimetry was used to establish the ‘ground truth’ energy cost for each activity. Evaluating Pearson’s correlation coefficients and single and multiple linear regression models with cross validation (leave-one- subject-out and leave-one- task-out), we found that 1) filtering the accelerations and EMG signals improved their predictive power, 2) global signals (e.g., heart rate, electrodermal activity) were more sensitive to unknown subjects than tasks, while local signals (e.g., accelerations) were more sensitive to unknown tasks than subjects, and 3) good predictive performance was obtained combining a small number of signals (4–5) from multiple sensor modalities. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this paper, we systematically compare a large set of physiological signals collected from portable sensors and determine which sensor signals contain the most salient information for predicting steady-state metabolic energy cost, robust to unknown subjects or tasks. This information, together with the comprehensive data set that is published in conjunction with this paper, will enable researchers and clinicians across many fields to develop novel algorithms to predict energy cost from wearable sensors.
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Gao, Hua, Mingsheng Liao, and Guangcai Feng. "An Improved Quadtree Sampling Method for InSAR Seismic Deformation Inversion." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091678.
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With the development of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), the seismic deformation observation density increases sharply. Data down-sampling can effectively reduce the observation density and the computational cost for subsequent researches. Considering the saliency of the deformation field, we introduce a saliency-based quadtree algorithm for down-sampling (SQS). Three simulation experiments show that SQS can effectively distinguish the near-field and far-field deformation, as well as reduce the amount of observation, while keeping the detailed information of the main deformation near the fault. SQS can avoid the interference of far-field local deformation better than the traditional quadtree sampling algorithm (QS), thus obtaining better inversion results. We took the Dingri earthquake on 20 March 2020 as a case study to verify the advantages of SQS in dealing with real earthquake deformation. We obtained the co-seismic deformation from the ascending and descending Sentinel-1 for the Dingri earthquake, using QS and SQS for sampling and inversion separately. The results show the advantages of SQS in data volume reduction, observation distribution, anti-interference of local deformation, and inversion accuracy. Our preferred solution based on SQS shows that the Dingri earthquake was caused by a normal fault slip. The main slip area is 2–5.5 km deep with a maximum slip of 0.68 m. The estimated geodetic moment is 3.14 × 1017 Nm, corresponding to a magnitude of Mw5.63.
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Zahir, N., and A. Ali. "EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF URMIA LAKE WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS BETTWEN 1998-2006 USING LANDSAT IMAGES AND TOPEX ALTIMETRY DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 11, 2015): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-549-2015.
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The Lake Urmiah has undergone a drastic shrinkage in size over the past few decades. The initial intention of this paper is to present an approach for determining the so called “salient times” during which the trend of the shrinkage process is accelerated or decelerated. To find these salient times, a quasi_continuous curve was optimally fitted to the Topex altimetry data within the period 1998 to 2006. To find the salient points within this period of time, the points of inflections of the fitted curve is computed using a second derivative approach. The water volume was also computed using 16 cloud free Landsat images of the Lake within the periods of 1998 to 2006. In the first stage of the water volume calculation, the pixels of the Lake were segmented using the Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEI) and the shorelines of the Lake were extracted by a boundary detecting operator using the generated binary image of the Lake surface. The water volume fluctuation rate was then computed under the assumption that the two successive Lake surfaces and their corresponding water level differences demonstrate approximately a truncated pyramid. The analysis of the water level fluctuation rates were further extended by a sinusoidal curve fitted to the Topex altimetry data. This curve was intended to model the seasonal fluctuations of the water level. In the final stage of this article, the correlation between the fluctuation rates and the precipitation and temperature variations were also numerically determined. This paper reports in some details the stages mentioned above.
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Brandl, Felix, Benedikt Weise, Satja Mulej Bratec, Nazia Jassim, Daniel Hoffmann Ayala, Teresa Bertram, Markus Ploner, and Christian Sorg. "Common and specific large-scale brain changes in major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and chronic pain: a transdiagnostic multimodal meta-analysis of structural and functional MRI studies." Neuropsychopharmacology 47, no. 5 (January 20, 2022): 1071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-022-01271-y.
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AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders (ANX), and chronic pain (CP) are closely-related disorders with both high degrees of comorbidity among them and shared risk factors. Considering this multi-level overlap, but also the distinct phenotypes of the disorders, we hypothesized both common and disorder-specific changes of large-scale brain systems, which mediate neural mechanisms and impaired behavioral traits, in MDD, ANX, and CP. To identify such common and disorder-specific brain changes, we conducted a transdiagnostic, multimodal meta-analysis of structural and functional MRI-studies investigating changes of gray matter volume (GMV) and intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of large-scale intrinsic brain networks across MDD, ANX, and CP. The study was preregistered at PROSPERO (CRD42019119709). 320 studies comprising 10,931 patients and 11,135 healthy controls were included. Across disorders, common changes focused on GMV-decrease in insular and medial-prefrontal cortices, located mainly within the so-called default-mode and salience networks. Disorder-specific changes comprised hyperconnectivity between default-mode and frontoparietal networks and hypoconnectivity between limbic and salience networks in MDD; limbic network hyperconnectivity and GMV-decrease in insular and medial-temporal cortices in ANX; and hypoconnectivity between salience and default-mode networks and GMV-increase in medial temporal lobes in CP. Common changes suggested a neural correlate for comorbidity and possibly shared neuro-behavioral chronification mechanisms. Disorder-specific changes might underlie distinct phenotypes and possibly additional disorder-specific mechanisms.
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Mukherjee, Ankhi. "Introduction: Postcolonial Reading Publics." Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 4, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2016.41.
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AbstractIn this introduction to the special issue, “Postcolonial Reading Publics,” Mukherjee charts the history of reception of two texts, one a Bengali novel published in British India, the other a Shakespeare adaptation staged in twenty-first-century Kolkata, to examine the fortuitous ways in which reading publics baffle or exceed authorial intention and the given text’s addressable objects. Offering summaries of and continuities among the four essays that constitute the volume, the introduction ends with an analysis of the salience of this discursive context for postcolonial writing, theory, and critique in a world literary frame.
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Zhao, Fandan, Jinhai Jiang, Shumei Cui, Chunbo Zhu, and C. C. Chan. "Research on Dual-Phase Non-Salient Pole Receiver for EV Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12030157.
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Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) technology shows a vast development prospect for EV application, with advantages of reducing the demand for battery capacity and improving the user experience. However, the need to improve output performance leads to a challenge in receiver design with limited space and allowable load on the EV side. In this paper, a design of a dual-phase non-salient pole (NSP) receiver for the EV DWPT system with bipolar transmitter is proposed, aiming at providing a solution to the contradiction between reducing the volume or cost and improving the misalignment tolerance of the receiver. The coupling principle of the proposed receiver is analyzed. The structure parameters are optimized by the finite-element simulation method. Combined with specific design indexes, it is proven by comparison with the existing dual-phase receiver that the proposed receiver is 35.4% smaller in volume and needs 47.0% shorter wires. Moreover, the significant advantage of the proposed dual-phase NSP receiver in misalignment tolerance is verified by simulations and experimental comparisons.
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Annesi, James J., and Linda L. Vaughn. "Relationship of Exercise Volume with Change in Depression and Its Association with Self-Efficacy to Control Emotional Eating in Severely Obese Women." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/514271.
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Introduction. Exercise may improve one's perceived ability to control overeating related to negative emotions through psychological pathways such as reduced depression; however, the volume required is unclear.Methods. Severely obese women () participated in a 24-week exercise and nutrition treatment incorporating self-regulatory skills training, and were assessed on depression, self-efficacy, self-regulatory skills usage, weight, and waist circumference, at baseline and treatment end.Results. Subjects completing low-moderate (40–149.9 minutes/week) and public health (≥150 minutes/week) volumes of exercise had significant and similar reductions in depression scores. No significant changes were found for those completing <40 minutes/week. For all subjects aggregated, depression change was significantly related to change in self-efficacy to control emotional eating; however, this relationship was completely mediated by changes in self-regulatory skill usage. When changes in depression, self-efficacy, and self-regulatory skills usage were entered into multiple regression equations as predictors, only self-regulatory skill changes explained significant unique portions of the overall variance in weight and weight circumference change.Discussion. Exercise of less than half the public health recommendation was associated with depression improvement, with no dose-response effect. Changes in depression, self-efficacy, and self-regulation may be salient variables to account for in behavioral weight-loss treatment research.
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Muminov, R. A., S. A. Radzhapov, N. A. Sagyndykov, and K. M. Nurbaev. "Salient features of the fabrication of Si(Li) detectors with a large-volume working region." Atomic Energy 98, no. 1 (January 2005): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10512-005-0171-0.
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Dubinin, M. M., and O. Kadlec. "Microporous Adsorbents with Limiting Development of Micropores." Adsorption Science & Technology 4, no. 1-2 (March 1987): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617487004001-204.
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The adsorption properties for benzene vapors and the pore structure of carbon adsorbents with a practically-limiting macropore volume have been investigated. The salient characteristic of the adsorbents studied was the position of the distribution curves of the micropore volume, whose maxima for the slit-shaped pore model corresponded to halfwidths of 1.2 to 1.4 nm and the micropore volume to 1.5 cm3 g–1. The difference in parameters of the Dubinin-Stoechli adsorption equation was only quantitative. The adsorption isotherms are very closely described by the DS adsorption equation in a broad range of equilibrium relative pressures and temperatures within 293–353 K. The question of the upper limit of micropore size in carbon adsorbents is also discussed.
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Rosie, Michael. "Scotland: All Change?" Scottish Affairs 24, no. 4 (November 2015): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2015.0091.
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Two years – 2014 and 2015 – saw remarkable and profound developments in Scotland's political history. This introduction to a Special Issue of Scottish Affairs that examines these developments outlines Scotland's tumultuous years, why they are inevitably puzzling, and why they are perhaps unresolvable. It then notes key and salient points from the various contributions in the volume.