Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sakacin A'

This thesis has been conceived in the frame of a broader project named “NANOSAK- Nanocellulose–sakacin A conjugates for food packaging purposes”, financend by Fondazione Cariplo and developed in collaboration with several divisions of the Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), with the Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP) of the Università degli Studi di Milano and together with the Department of Food quality and preservation of the Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), CSIC (Valencia, Spain). NANOSAK aims at exploring the use of cheese whey and/or their derivatives as cheap substrates for growth of bacterial species that produce two families of molecules: a specific bacteriocin sakacin A, and bacterial cellulose (BC), that will be turned into nanocellulose (BNC) using sustainable procedures. In Italy most of the liquid whey is exported, often after an ultrafiltration (UF) step. The by-product of whey UF, namely permeate, still represents a valuable raw material due to the high content of lactose, minerals and vitamins. This permeate from the dairy industry is a low-cost alternative for industrial production, which can provide high yields of the antimicrobial agent. Both the molecules, sakacin A and bacterial cellulose, expected to be produced by microorganisms through whey utilization can be considered products of high added value. Bacterial cellulose also represents an emerging material with excellent intrinsic properties due to its high crystallinity, tensile strength and water holding capacity (Shoda and Sugano, 2005). On a subsequent step, NANOSAK will also aim at using sustainable procedures for turning BC into nanocellulose, in fact, bacterial cellulose has potential to be turned into bacterial nanocellulose by chemical modification, thus forming an innovative material that finds applications across several industrial sectors, including the use in the food packaging sector. Recently, more attention was given to the development of packaging materials based on bacterial nanocellulose as functional nanofiller in papers and in coatings for plastic matrices. An interesting application is related to the use of cellulose nanocomposites to extend shelf-life and enhance the quality of perishable foods, not only acting as barriers against moisture, water vapor and gasses but also serving as a carrier of active substances, such antimicrobials, in bioactive packaging (Lee et al., 2013). In particular, stand-alone BNC films and coatings incorporating sakacin A will be developed, using food-compatible biopolymers and aqueous chemistry. BNCs/sakacin A conjugates will also be applied to paper by surface sizing. The functional properties of the nanocellulose/sakacin A films and coatings will be assessed, as well as the kinetics of sakacin A release in several food simulants, in order to establish suitable mathematical release models. The results will contribute to increase shelf-life and quality of perishable food. The main significance of NANOSAK is the demonstration that application of industrial biotechnologies will achieve innovative and highly sustainable bioprocesses. The bioeconomic model approach developed by the project would give original opportunities to improve the sustainability of Lombardy economy, in the general food sector, and for what attains food packaging operators. In particular, the focus of this thesis is the optimization of the production of the bacteriocin sakacin A using cheese whey permeate, its food-grade isolation and purification and the development of active packaging solutions based on the antimicrobial activity of this molecules.

Umeå University currently uses two Course Management System, Moodle and Sakai (Cambro). Both Moodle and Sakai are based on open source code and are today the two more popular choices among Swedish Universities. They both have different strengths and weaknesses both from a technical perspective and a user perspective. This can create problems for a course responsible/teacher when it comes to planning the course structure at a distance course but also when planning the course structure on a campus course that uses a Course Management System. With this as my starting point my formulations of questions become:

• How do the Course Management Systems that Umeå University uses differs, both from a technical perspective and user perspective?
• What possibilities is there in the Course Management Systems to use a different Course Structure?
• Is there a noticeable difference on the view of Course Management System of teachers and students at different departments?

The purpose with my essay is to create a basis that course responsible/teacher can use to plan the course structure. For those teachers with a choice in which Course Management System they use, this essay can be used to see what Course Management System fits them the best. I have in my essay done a case study over the two Course Management System that are being used at Umeå University currently, Moodle and Sakai. The essay focuses on a technical perspective through a technical comparison of the systems that has been done with EduTools. The user perspective consists of interviews done with teachers and a survey done among students. The teachers and students are chosen through a theoretical selection.

The conclusions that I have been able to draw is that through a technical perspective Sakai is to be preferred, it has tools and functions that Moodle is missing. From a user point of view there is no big difference between Moodle and Sakai. Although Moodle has a bigger share of users that leaves the Course Management System with a good general impression, than Sakai has. The research findings has also attracted attention to some problems in Moodle and Sakai that are in need of improvement, these are problems that both the teachers that have been interview and the students taking part of the survey have pointed out. The research findings has also attracted attention to some problems from the technical comparison and review done by The National Agency for Special Needs Education and Schools.

Cette thèse concerne les problèmes de stabilité et de stabilisation des systèmes non linéaires décrits par des modèles flous de type Takagi Sugeno (TS) incluant les contraintes liées à la transmission d'information en réseau, au rejet de perturbations, aux variations paramétriques et à la non fragilité de la commande. L'enjeu consiste à proposer des conditions de stabilité permettant la synthèse des lois de commande centralisées et décentralisées, qui opère à travers un réseau de communication, en utilisant les outils des inégalités linéaires matricielles (LMIs) et l'approche H∞. Nous abordons dans un premier temps, les systèmes commandés en réseau (SCRs) non linéaires représentés par des modèles flous de type TS, puis nous étendons notre étude aux systèmes de grande dimension pour synthétiser des lois de commande décentralisées. Au final, présentons la validation en simulation sur un modèle du véhicule pour le contrôle global de châssis (CGC) garantissant la sécurité et l'agrément de conduite
This thesis studies the stability and stabilization problems of nonlinear systems described by Takagi Sugeno (TS) fuzzy models including the constraints related to the networked transmission, to the disturbance rejection, to the parametric variations and to the non fragility of controller.The challenge is to provide asymptotic stability sufficient conditions developed for the design of centralized and decentralized control laws, that operates through a communications network, using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and H∞ approach. We address initially, nonlinear networked controlled systems (NCSs) described by TS type fuzzy models, and we extend our study to large scale systems for the design of decentralized control laws. Finally, we present simulation validation on the vehicle model for the Global Chassis Control (GCC) ensuring the safety and driveability

Social accounts of technological change make the flexibility and openness of interpretations the starting point of an argument against technological determinism. They suggest that technological change unfolds in the semantic domain, but they focus on the social processes around the interpretations of new technologies, and do not address the conceptual processes of change in interpretations. The dissertation presents an empirically grounded case study of the design process of an open-source online software platform based on the framework of distributed cognition to argue that the cognitive perspective is needed for understanding innovation in software, because it allows us to describe the reflexive and expansive contribution of conceptual processes to new software and the significance of professional epistemic practices in framing the direction of innovation. The framework of distributed cognition brings the social and cognitive perspectives together on account of its understanding of conceptual processes as distributed over time, among people, and between humans and artifacts. The dissertation argues that an evolving open-source software landscape became translated into the open-ended local design space of a new software project in a process of infrastructural implosion, and the design space prompted participants to outline and pursue epistemic strategies of sense-making and learning about the contexts of use. The result was a process of conceptual modeling, which resulted in a conceptually novel user interface. Prototyping professional practices of user-centered design lent directionality to this conceptual process in terms of a focus on individual activities with the user interface. Social approaches to software design under the broad umbrella of human-centered computing have been seeking to inform the design on the basis of empirical contributions about a social context. The analysis has shown that empirical engagement with the contexts of use followed from conceptual modeling, and concern about real world contexts was aligned with the user-centered direction that design was taking. I also point out a social-technical gap in the design process in connection with the repeated performance challenges that the platform was facing, and describe the possibility of a social-technical imagination.

Pasaulyje yra žinoma apie 150 fosilinių sakų rūšių. Didžioji jų dalis randama Šiaurės pusrutulyje, Europoje ir Amerikoje. Be to, vis daugiau fosilinių sakų aptinkama Azijoje, Afrikoje, Pietų Amerikoje.Vienas labiausiai paplitusių fosilinių sakų – Baltijos gintaras – nuo seno naudojamas papuošalų, buitinių ir liturginių reikmenų, smulkiosios plastikos gamybai, medžio, kaulo ir kitų dirbinių dekoravimui. Nuo XIX a. pradžios mėginta analizuoti gintarą, nesuardant jo pirminės medžiagos, tačiau nesėkmingai. Tik išaiškinta, kad gintarą sudaro alkoholyje tirpi dalis ir jokiame tirpiklyje netirpstantis likutis, pavadintas sukcinitu. Dabar gintaro chemijos tyrimams pasitelkiami nauji cheminės ir fizikinės analizės metodai: chromatografija, IR spektroskopija, branduolinis magnetinis rezonansas, masių spektroskopija ir kiti. Šio darbo tikslas buvo infraraudonosios spektroskopijos analizės metodu ištirti ir palyginti tarpusavyje kelių rūšių fosilinių sakų pavyzdžius iš skirtingų šalių archeologinių radimviečių: Baltijos pajūrio (Lietuva) „šiuolaikinį“ skaidrųjį gintarą, Benaičių ir Turlojiškių archeologiniuose kompleksuose (Lietuva) rastus archeologinio gintaro pavyzdžius, tamsųjį archeologinį Japonijos gintarą, fosilinius sakus iš Centrinio Libano archeologinės radimvietės ir fosilinius sakus iš Šiaurės Paryžiaus Orsi kvartalo archeologinės radimvietės. Nustatyta, kad fosiliniai sakai iš Japonijos, Centrinio Libano ir Paryžiaus archeologinių radimviečių tikrai nėra Baltijos regiono... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Amber is a fossilized form of terpenoid resins. Unlike other fossil, amber is completely organic in nature, and its chemical composition remains almost constant over millions of years. Chemical characteristics of amber are a consequence of both biological origins and geological enviroment. Have been proposed different characterization techniques such as IR spectroscopy, NMR and other. By these methods chemical structure can be derived. However, these techniques do not allow totally exclusive distinction, because spectral differences cannot be universally established for all the samples. The main aim of this work was to characterize some samples of fossil resins from different countries. Six fossil resins were campared: ,,contemporary” Baltic transparent amber (Lithuania), archeological amber from Benaičiai and Turlojiškės (Lithuania), archeological amber from Japan, fossil resin from Central Lebanon and fossil resin from North Paris. These fossil resin were analyzed using IR spectroscopy method. IR spectra of fossil resin showed a presence of these groups: O─H (in polymers), ─CH3 and ─CH2─, ―Si─O─Si― or ―Si─O─C―. Come to a conclusion, the chemical structure and features of all analyzed fossil resin are similar. But they have the differences too. Fossil resins from Lithuania (Baltic transparent amber and archeological amber from Benaičiai and Turlojiškės) spectra have an absorption band at wavelength 1250-1175 cm-1, which is called ,,Baltic shoulder” by Beck. Fossil resins... [to full text]

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Research efforts on e-Learning systems have mainly focused on the provision of learning contents for users, but these efforts have not considered security requirements in the implementation of such systems. However, threats to security may not be neglected, as these applications are usually built using heterogeneous, distributed and open architectures. This feature may make these systems vulnerable to ill-intentioned users. This work presents the INCA (Integrity, Non Repudiation, Confidentiality and Authenticity), a service that provides security through the technology of Web Services and aims at meeting the security requirements of e- Learning environments developed in different architectures and programming languages. The use of web services to provide security in e-Learning environments will complement the features of such environments, not being limited to platforms in which the client system was developed. INCA uses cryptography and digital signature to provide integrity, non-repudiation, confidentiality and authenticity. Through the tests it could be seen that INCA provides security for e-learning environments in a flexible, configurable, scalable and efficient way. The main features of INCA are presented in this work, with their employability in a case study for the upload tool for Sakai and Moodle environments, which were modified so that they could make use of INCA. The contribuition of this work is the case study implementation for the above mentioned environments, since such tool in these systems does not have security services. Such modifications were necessary to evaluate the applicability of the INCA in different environments. The case study shows the proof of concept for the security service presented in this work.
Pesquisas no domínio de e-Learning enfocam, principalmente, a maneira como o conteúdo de aprendizado é fornecido aos usuários do sistema, sem considerar os requisitos de segurança na maioria das implementações. Entretanto, as ameaças à segurança não podem ser negligenciadas, principalmente, porque aplicações de e-Learning são construídas sobre arquiteturas heterogêneas, distribuídas, abertas e que podem ser vulneráveis à ação de pessoas mal-intencionadas. Este trabalho apresenta INCA (Integridade, Não Repúdio, Confidencialidade e Autenticidade), um serviço que oferece segurança por meio da tecnologia de Web Services e que se propõe a atender os requisitos de segurança de ambientes de e-Learning desenvolvidos em diferentes arquiteturas e linguagens de programação. A utilização de Web Services para oferecer segurança nos ambientes de e-Learning complementa as funcionalidades de tais ambientes, isto é, não se limita às plataformas em que o sistema cliente foi desenvolvido. INCA utiliza criptografia e assinatura digital para oferecer integridade, não repúdio, confidencialidade e autenticidade. Por meio dos testes realizados pôde-se constatar que o INCA oferece segurança a ambientes de e-Learning de maneira flexível, configurável, escalável e de forma eficiente. As funcionalidades do INCA são apresentadas neste trabalho, com sua empregabilidade em um estudo de caso para a ferramenta upload de arquivo, dos ambientes Sakai e Moodle, que foram modificados para que pudessem usar os serviços do INCA. A contribuição deste trabalho é a realização do estudo de caso para os ambientes supracitados, uma vez que tal ferramenta nesses sistemas não possui serviços de segurança. Algumas modificações, em tais ambientes, foram necessárias para avaliar a aplicabilidade do INCA em ambientes diferentes. O estudo de caso evidencia a prova de conceito para o serviço de segurança apresentado neste trabalho.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Bures-Geometrie auf Zustandsräumen über von-Neumann-Algebren. Diese basiert auf jenem Abstandsbegriff für normale Zustände, der von Bures im Jahre 1969 eingeführt wurde. Eng damit verbunden ist der Begriff der algebraischen Übergangswahrscheinlichkeit, der von Uhlmann 1976 vorgeschlagen wurde. An einem Beispiel wird gezeigt, dass man den Bures-Abstand unter Umständen nicht implementieren kann, wenn man einen der implementierenden Vektoren vorgeben will. Im weiteren wird der vom Bures-Abstand induzierte Paralleltransport von Vektoren entlang Loops von normalen Zuständen untersucht. Um die Holonomiegruppe im unendlichdimensionalen Fall zu untersuchen, werden Sätze über Produkte positiver Operatoren hergeleitet. Diese Sätze, die durchaus auch von eigenständigem Interesse sein könnten, werden mit Ergebnissen aus der Literatur verglichen. Schließlich wird der Bures-Abstand unter infinitesimalem Blickwinkel betrachtet. Die so entstehenden Bures-geodätischen Bögen werden untersucht. Speziell wird gefragt, ob gewisse Strata stets geodätisch konvex sind, also als Beispiel für Umgebungen dienen können. Um diese Frage am Ende negativ zu beantworten, werden mehrere Sätze über Sakaische Radon-Nikodym-Operatoren hergeleitet, die auch ohne Bezug zur Bures-Geometrie interessant sein könnten. Das entscheidende Gegenbeispiel nutzt Gohbergs Ergebnis zum Spektrum bestimmter Toeplitzoperatoren aus. Ein Nebeneffekt des beschriebenen Verfahrens ist, dass es auch zur Konstruktion von Operatoren mit hinreichend nichttrivialem Spektrum benutzt werden kann
The present paper deals with Bures' geometry in the state space over von-Neumann algebras. This geometry is based on the distance introduced by Bures in 1969. Closely related with it is the concept of algebraic transition probability as proposed by Uhlmann in 1976. It is shown by an example that there are cases where one can not implement Bures' distance if one of the implementing vectors is given. In the following, the parallel transport of vectors along loops of normal states, which is induced by Bures' distance, is examined. In order to investigate the holonomy group in the infinite-dimensional case, theorems on products of positive operators are derived. These theorems, which could be of interest on their own, are compared with the literature. Finally, Bures' distance is examined infinitesimally. The thus arising Bures-geodesic arcs are investigated. Especially, it is asked whether certain strata are geodesically convex and can therefore serve as examples of neighbourhoods. In order to finally give a negative answer, several theorems on Sakai's Radon-Nikodym operators, which could also be of interest without a connection to Bures' geometry, are derived. The critical counterexample exploits Gohberg's result on the spectrum of certain Toeplitz operators. A by-product of the described procedure is that it can be used to construct operators which have a sufficiently non-trivial spectrum

碩士
國立東華大學
臺灣文化學系
101
The investigative area in this study is Minle Community, Sioulin Township, Hualien County, Taiwan. At first, it explored the migration history of Sakadan Tribe and Xoxos Tribe from different regions to Minle Community by the history before World War II (W.W.II) and the background after W.W.II. Followed above, it discussed how Sakadan Tribe and Xoxos Tribe cohering their community consciousness and identity through the interchange between the two tribes. At last, it attempted to show the influence of the push-pull effort from their homeland and Sioulin Minle Community and national policy to the location chosen based on lecture review and theories. The results as below. Before W.W.II, the development of Sakadan Tribe and Xoxos Tribe could be archived by daily expenses, clothes, and population. These could represent the living ways of Sakadan Tribe and Xoxos Tribe and fulfill the relevant documents of Sakadan Tribe and Xoxos Tribe. Due to the rural-urban gap became widening, the habitant in Sakadan Tribe and Xoxos Tribe started to worry about economic issues after W.W.II. Besides this, the close environment caused the shortage of resource and the financial swamp. These problems made the habitants seeking to move. At last, after the Sakadan Tribe and Xoxos Tribe migrate to Minle Community, the tribe-people had becoming community habitants. Due to the different background, although the two tribes live in the same district, which is Truku cultural sphere, but the barrier were exist. The main problem could be seen on the religion, for instance, there are two churches in Minle Community. Through the homeland has been paid attention by the Truku National Park, the tribe-people started to organize the “Association for the Advancement of autonomy and ritual ecology of Sakadan Tribe and Xoxos Tribe, Truku” for managing the stuff of homeland. At the mean while, the tribe-people make their life better than before as well. Due to above, the homeland and the community started to change at all.

Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome (WSS) is a rare multisystemic, autosomal recessive disease. The underlying cause of WSS are mutations of C2orf37 gene, which result in a truncated protein. Little is known about the function of C2orf37 (DDB1-CUL4A-associated factor 17, DCAF17) apart from it being part of the DDB1-CUL4-ROC1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, specifically binding directly to DDB1 and serving as a substrate recruiter for E3. There are two major isoforms of DCAF17: beta (65 kDa, 520 amino acids) and alpha (27 kDa, 240 amino acids), which is a C-terminal part of beta. The intracellular localization of the WSS protein is thought to be primarily the nucleolus. A murine ortholog protein was found to be expressed in all tissues with a relatively higher expression in the brain, liver, and skin.The aim of this work was to investigate DCAF17 in HeLa cells in more detail, in particular the redistribution of both WSS isoforms on the subcellular and -nuclear level as well as their chemical features. For these experiments, I developed, through recombinant expression and affinity purification, a specific polyclonal antibody against a WSS-epitope 493-520. Furthermore, three other specific polyclonal antibodies were obtained through affinity purification with help of commercially produced high-affinity epitope peptides.By means of these antibodies, I determined- through immunofluorescence and subcellular protein fractionation- that, apart from the redistribution of the WSS protein within the non-soluble = chromatin-bound nuclear fraction, a significant amount of both WSS isoforms is present in the soluble nuclear fraction. Indeed, treatment of purified nuclear envelopes with an increasing concentration of NaCl as well as urea confirmed a non-covalent binding of the WSS protein to the nuclear envelope with the detachment ofbeta-WSS at a lower NaCl concentration than alpha-WSS. In regard to the chromatin-bound WSS protein, I performed hydrolysis of nuclear and nucleolar extract with DNase and RNase. The results indicate that the WSS protein is bound to DNA but not RNA, with alpha-WSS being possibly located more abundantly in the nucleolus, whereas beta-WSS within other subnuclear departments. Furthermore, in all the above-mentioned experiments, a presence of an 80-kDa protein, which specifically reacted with the polyclonal high-affinity antibodies and showed similar redistribution and chemical features as alpha- and beta-WSS, was observed. In order to investigate whether this protein is a posttranslationally modified WSS isoform, I performed deglycosylation and dephosphorylation of nuclear extract, which showed no disappearance or change in abundance of the 80-kDa band on Western blot. While other ways of poststranslational modification cannot be excluded as the cause of occurrence of the 80-kDa protein, an existence of a third, yet undescribed, major isoform is also conceivable. Summarizing, this work contributed to a deeper characterization of the WSS protein, which can help future investigators in developing new experimental ideas to better understand the pathology of WSS
Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrom (WSS) ist eine seltene, autosomal rezessive Multisystemerkrankung, deren Ursache Mutationen im C2orf37 Gen, resultierend in einem trunkierten Protein, sind. Die Funktion des C2orf37 (DDB1-CUL4A-associated factor 17, DCAF 17) ist weitgehend unbekannt. Das Protein ist Teil des DDB1-CUL4-ROC1 E3-Ubiquitin-Ligase-Komplexes, wo es direkt an DDB1 bindet und Substrate für E3 rekrutiert. Zwei Isoformen des DCAF17: beta (65 kDa, 520 Aminosäuren) und alpha (27 kDa, 240 Aminosäuren), die ein C-terminaler Teil der beta-Isoform ist, sind heutzutage bekannt. Man geht von einer primär nukleolären Lokalisation des WSS-Proteins in den Zellen aus. Untersuchungen des murinen C2orf37-Ortholog-Proteins ergaben eine Expression in allen Zellen mit einer erhöhten Expression im Gehirn, in der Leber und in der Haut. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, DCAF17 in HeLa-Zellen zu untersuchen, insbesondere die Lokalisation beider WSS-Isoformen auf dem subzellulären und -nukleären Niveau sowie deren chemische Eigenschaften. Durch rekombinante Expression und Affinitätsreinigung entwickelte ich spezifische polyklonale Antikörper gegen das WSS-Epitop 493-530. Zudem reinigte ich drei weitere spezifische polyklonale Antikörper mithilfe kommerziell produzierter hochaffiner Epitop-Peptide auf. Mithilfe dieser Antikörper konnte ich- durch Immunfluoreszenz und subzelluläre Proteinfraktionierug- eine Lokalisation des WSS-Proteins in der löslichen Kernfraktion, zusätzlich zu der bereits bekannten chromatingebundenen Kernfraktion, nachweisen. Die Behandlung reiner Kernhüllen mit steigernden NaCl-Konzentrationen und Harnstoff zeigte eine nicht-kovalente Bindung des DCAF17 an die Kernhülle mit einer Ablösung der beta-Isoform von der Kernhülle bereits bei niedrigeren NaCl-Konzentrationen als im Falle der alpha-Isoform. Um das chromatingebundene DCAF17 genauer zu untersuchen, führte ich eine Hydrolyse des Ganzkern- und Nukleolusextraktes mit DNase und RNase durch. Diese ergab eine Bindung des WSS-Proteins an die DNA, jedoch nicht an die RNA, mit der möglichen Hauptlokalisation der alpha-Isoform im Nukleolus und der beta-Isoform in anderen subnukleären Kompartimenten. Des Weiteren wurde in den oben beschriebenen Experimenten ein 80-kDa Protein nachgewiesen, das eine spezifische Reaktion mit den polyklonalen hochaffinen Antikörpern sowie eine dem WSS-Protein ähnliche subzelluläre / -nukleäre Lokalisation und chemische Eigenschaften zeigte. Um zu untersuchen, ob es sich um ein posttranslational modifiziertes DCAF17 handelt, führte ich Deglycosylierung und Dephosphorylierung des Ganzkernextraktes durch. Diese zeigten weder ein Verschwinden noch eine Änderung des 80-kDa-Signals auf Immunoblots. Obwohl eine andere Art einer posttranslationalen Proteinmodifizierung ist nicht ausgeschlossen, entspricht dieses Protein möglicherweise einer dritten, bisher nicht beschriebenen, Hauptisoform des DCAF17. Zusammenfassend trug diese Arbeit zur genaueren Charakterisierung des WSS-Proteins bei. Dies kann zukünftigen Forschern helfen, die Pathologie des WSS besser zu verstehen

This is a single bookmarked file of the Rocky Mountain SEPP 2004 (Sakai Educational Project and Partners) conference, June 22-23, Denver, CO. It contains all of the programs, presentations, handouts and supplementary materials.

碩士
國立澎湖科技大學
水產資源與養殖研究所
101
The Austinogebia narutensis, also named “He-Gao” or “Gao-A”, is mainly used for fishing bait in Penghu. It is different from A. edulis that mainly used for food of human beings. This thesis focuses on the biology and habitat researches of A. narutensis that can be applied for future management of resources and conservation. The results showed that maximal Cl (Carapace length) were 19.49 and 21.07 mm, and Bl (Body length) were 66.38 and, 67.61 mm for the female and male of A. narutensis , respectively. The male showed sexual dimorphorismdue to have either big chela or small chela in adult individuals. The Cl was highly linearly correlated to both Bl and PwPI (Propodus width of Pereiopod I) in the female, and also the male with big and small chela. The Cl showed curvilinearly related to the Bw (Body weight) and PIw (Pereiopod I weight). In addition, the minimal Cl and Bl of sexual maturity were estimated to be 12.61 mm and 40.07 mm for females, respectively. The OI (Ovarian index) decreased at the beginning of breeding season on November, and increased after the end of breeding season on April in the next year. The caves of A. narutensis located from 15-250 m off the coast, and the highest density (232 ind/m2) was found at the latter location. The cave was Y-shape containing major structures of both U (U-part) and shaft (S-part), and also the secondary structures of turning chamber (tc) and side branch (br). The caves were deeper in summer, but shallower in winter. The distances of the cave openings were lower in summer and higher in winter. The egg sizes, wight and colors of the freshly spawned, eyed and pre-hatched eggs were 0.55×0.54 mm, 0.09 mg in orange, 0.61×0.58 mm, 0.15 mg in greyish green, and 0.72×0.62 mm, 0.24 mg in translucent, respectively. Under the conditions of water temperature, The hatched larva had four zoeal stages and metamorphosed into the decapodid at the 13th day reared in 24-25℃ and 34-35‰ salinity. The A. narutensis should belong to multi-spawning pattern since the ovary developed during the sampling period. The life duration were two years at last. Moreover, the analysis of sediment in the habitat with the highest density suggests that the favorite particle size for A. narutensis were medium sand to fine sand.

Learning management systems(LMSs) have become one of the most common computer systems adopted at universities, colleges and distance learning organizations. In order to identify different features and accordance of each LMS, LMSs’ features were compared by using four different categories; communication tools, productivity and student involvement tools, course delivery tools, and administration tools. Based upon the comparison of the different features affecting different usage patterns, this paper proposes a classification of seven selected LMSs; ANGEL, Blackboard, Moodle, Sakai, WebCT, Ning and Elgg. These seven LMSs are classified into three groups according to systems’ pedagogical adaptability and technological usability. The classification seeks to understand the possibilities and limitations of what these classified groups of LMSs can accomplish and is used to suggest a suitable usage in order to support teaching and learning. The proposed classification implies the need of future exploratory case study analyzing teaching and learning practices according to the classification.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Bures-Geometrie auf Zustandsräumen über von-Neumann-Algebren. Diese basiert auf jenem Abstandsbegriff für normale Zustände, der von Bures im Jahre 1969 eingeführt wurde. Eng damit verbunden ist der Begriff der algebraischen Übergangswahrscheinlichkeit, der von Uhlmann 1976 vorgeschlagen wurde. An einem Beispiel wird gezeigt, dass man den Bures-Abstand unter Umständen nicht implementieren kann, wenn man einen der implementierenden Vektoren vorgeben will. Im weiteren wird der vom Bures-Abstand induzierte Paralleltransport von Vektoren entlang Loops von normalen Zuständen untersucht. Um die Holonomiegruppe im unendlichdimensionalen Fall zu untersuchen, werden Sätze über Produkte positiver Operatoren hergeleitet. Diese Sätze, die durchaus auch von eigenständigem Interesse sein könnten, werden mit Ergebnissen aus der Literatur verglichen. Schließlich wird der Bures-Abstand unter infinitesimalem Blickwinkel betrachtet. Die so entstehenden Bures-geodätischen Bögen werden untersucht. Speziell wird gefragt, ob gewisse Strata stets geodätisch konvex sind, also als Beispiel für Umgebungen dienen können. Um diese Frage am Ende negativ zu beantworten, werden mehrere Sätze über Sakaische Radon-Nikodym-Operatoren hergeleitet, die auch ohne Bezug zur Bures-Geometrie interessant sein könnten. Das entscheidende Gegenbeispiel nutzt Gohbergs Ergebnis zum Spektrum bestimmter Toeplitzoperatoren aus. Ein Nebeneffekt des beschriebenen Verfahrens ist, dass es auch zur Konstruktion von Operatoren mit hinreichend nichttrivialem Spektrum benutzt werden kann.
The present paper deals with Bures'' geometry in the state space over von-Neumann algebras. This geometry is based on the distance introduced by Bures in 1969. Closely related with it is the concept of algebraic transition probability as proposed by Uhlmann in 1976. It is shown by an example that there are cases where one can not implement Bures'' distance if one of the implementing vectors is given. In the following, the parallel transport of vectors along loops of normal states, which is induced by Bures'' distance, is examined. In order to investigate the holonomy group in the infinite-dimensional case, theorems on products of positive operators are derived. These theorems, which could be of interest on their own, are compared with the literature. Finally, Bures'' distance is examined infinitesimally. The thus arising Bures-geodesic arcs are investigated. Especially, it is asked whether certain strata are geodesically convex and can therefore serve as examples of neighbourhoods. In order to finally give a negative answer, several theorems on Sakai''s Radon-Nikodym operators, which could also be of interest without a connection to Bures'' geometry, are derived. The critical counterexample exploits Gohberg''s result on the spectrum of certain Toeplitz operators. A by-product of the described procedure is that it can be used to construct operators which have a sufficiently non-trivial spectrum.