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Journal articles on the topic 'Sailfish'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mourato, Bruno L., Felipe Carvalho, Michael Musyl, Alberto Amorim, Jose C. Pacheco, Humberto Hazin, and Fábio Hazin. "Short-term movements and habitat preferences of sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus (Istiophoridae), along the southeast coast of Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 12, no. 4 (October 24, 2014): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130102.

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Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed on four sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, in the coastal waters of Rio de Janeiro State in southeast Brazil during January and February of 2009 (sailfish I and II) and between November 2010 and January 2011 (sailfish III and IV). The total number of days monitored (i.e., time that the tags remained attached) were 12 (sailfish I), 51 (sailfish II), 16 (sailfish III) and 43 days (sailfish IV). The results indicate a clear pattern of vertical habitat utilization with the majority of the time spent concentrated near the uniform sea surface layer occupying a relatively narrow temperature range. Despite the clear preference for epipelagic surface waters, sailfish regularly undertook vertical excursions into deeper waters (>50 m) within three to six hour intervals. "Most Probable Tracks" (estimated from raw geolocations using the state-space Kalman filter model) and linear displacements suggested that tagged sailfish did not move significant distances from the tagging site. In brief, our report provides information regarding the biology of sailfish in the southwestern Atlantic and how vertical distributions during the day and night are influenced by water temperature and how this information can improve sailfish stock assessments in southwestern Atlantic Ocean.

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Martinez-Rincon, Raul O., Sofia Ortega-Garcia, Juan G. Vaca-Rodriguez, and Shane P. Griffiths. "Development of habitat prediction models to reduce by-catch of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) within the purse-seine fishery in the eastern Pacific Ocean." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 7 (2015): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14062.

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Sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) is an important apex predator in neritic and oceanic pelagic ecosystems. The species is also a primary target of important catch-and-release sport fisheries that the support local economies of developing countries. However, commercial purse-seine fisheries that target tuna in the eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) incidentally catch and discard large numbers of sailfish. Sailfish by-catch data recorded by scientific observers in the Mexican tuna purse-seine fleet in the EPO from 1998 to 2007 was used in generalised additive models (GAMs) to predict environmental and spatial preferences of sailfish. GAM predicted the highest sailfish catches to occur in coastal waters during El Niño events during late autumn and winter, with sea surface temperatures >26°C, with negative values of deviation in sea surface height (<–10cm), and low chlorophyll-a (<0.25mgm–3). GAM predicted that the catch probability for sailfish increased 1.8-fold during El Niño events in coastal waters and 1.5-fold under La Niña. However, the spatial distribution of sailfish remained largely unchanged during El Niño and La Niña events. Our models may be an additional fisheries management tool that may be used to support temporary spatial-temporal throughout the fishing season to reduce sailfish by-catch in the EPO.

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Pohlot, Bruce G., and Nelson Ehrhardt. "An analysis of sailfish daily activity in the Eastern Pacific Ocean using satellite tagging and recreational fisheries data." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 2 (May 22, 2017): 871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx082.

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AbstractAnalysing hourly behavioural patterns of Pacific sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, provide an ecological perspective relative to their exploitation. In the Pacific off Central America, sailfish sustain important recreational fisheries while impacted as bycatch in commercial tuna fisheries. Given their susceptibility and potential for overexploitation, it is important to define their behavioural activity to better regulate exploitation patterns. In this study, we discuss concepts of sailfish vision related to light availability and its role on successful foraging patterns. For this purpose, activity patterns were analysed using data collected by satellite tags equipped with accelerometers and, separately, recreational fishery statistics from the region. Data are incorporated with physical and ecological information to offer a means of analysing hourly habitat use. The results reveal a positive photokinetic response to sunlight in both sailfish acceleration activity and recreational fishery statistics. Tagged sailfish also showed this activity increase as a response to full moon light. Such information is further integrated with knowledge of intra-species relationships and other key species within the pelagic fish community. Findings on daily behaviour allow the drawing of some generic conceptualizations that aid understanding of sailfish community dynamics in the region.

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4

Bubley, WJ, B. Galuardi, AW Dukes, and WE Jenkins. "Incorporating depth into habitat use descriptions for sailfish Istiophorus platypterus and habitat overlap with other billfishes in the western North Atlantic." Marine Ecology Progress Series 638 (March 19, 2020): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13239.

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The sailfish Istiophorus platypterus is a circumglobal billfish species. It is commonly targeted in recreational fisheries and caught as by-catch in commercial fisheries, and therefore fisheries management would benefit from an enhanced understanding of basic patterns of the species’ daily and seasonal movements. Between 2002 and 2007, 87 billfish were tagged with pop-off satellite archival tags in the Atlantic waters off the coast of South Carolina, USA, including sailfish (n = 54), blue marlin Makaira nigricans (n = 15), and white marlin Kajikia albida (n = 18). Only fish meeting specific tag program criteria and length of tag attachment were selected for further analysis (sailfish, n = 19; blue marlin, n = 4; white marlin, n = 3). Differential horizontal and vertical movement patterns were observed within sailfish by season. Two- and three-dimensional (3D) analyses showed differential spatial niche use by sailfish. Among the istiophorid species, 3D analysis showed less overlap when occupying similar horizontal areas. The results from this study, in conjunction with similar studies from other areas, provide a better understanding of habitat usage that can be applied to address uncertainties in ecology or management, such as characterization of stock structure, identifying potential spawning habitat or intra-specific competition, providing correction factors for indices of abundance, and characterizing vulnerability to fishing gear.

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5

Graves, John E., and Jan R. McDowell. "Stock structure of the world's istiophorid billfishes: a genetic perspective." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 4 (2003): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01290.

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Istiophorid billfishes are highly migratory species that inhabit the tropical and subtropical, epipelagic waters of the world's oceans, a large, relatively homogeneous environment that lacks significant physical barriers. Based on these observations alone, one would not expect marlins, sailfish and spearfishes to exhibit substantial stock structure. This assumption has been evaluated with a variety of techniques, including analyses of morphological characters, adult distribution, tag and recapture data, the spatial and temporal distribution of spawning and, recently, molecular genetic characters. This paper focuses on inferences of istiophorid billfish stock structure derived from investigation of several different classes of molecular markers, and reviews our current understanding of the genetic basis of stock structure of striped marlin, white marlin, blue marlin, sailfish and black marlin. Significant genetic differences exist between Atlantic and Indo-Pacific populations of blue marlin and sailfish, and the presence of distinct mitochondrial DNA lineages suggests that ocean populations were isolated in the past. However, the occurrence of identical genotypes in both oceans is evidence of recent genetic contact. The genetic data do not support recognition of separate Atlantic and Indo-Pacific species of blue marlin or sailfish. White and striped marlin are separated by about the same level of genetic divergence as Atlantic and Indo-Pacific populations of blue marlin and sailfish, but preliminary analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region suggests that, unlike Atlantic and Indo-Pacific populations of blue marlin and sailfish, white marlin and striped marlin represent independent evolutionary units. If white and striped marlin are valid species, they are of very recent origin. Significant intraspecific genetic heterogeneity was found among collections of striped marlin and sailfish within the Indo-Pacific; both species exhibited a clear spatial partitioning of genetic variation among geographically distant collection locations. There was no genetic evidence for within-ocean population structuring for other istiophorids examined. Inferences of billfish stock structure derived from studies of molecular markers complement those obtained using other methods of analysis, and together these studies demonstrate substantial differences in the level of population structuring among istiophorid billfishes, information critical for effective management of these highly migratory species.

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6

Krause, J., J. E. Herbert-Read, F. Seebacher, P. Domenici, A. D. M. Wilson, S. Marras, M. B. S. Svendsen, et al. "Injury-mediated decrease in locomotor performance increases predation risk in schooling fish." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1727 (July 3, 2017): 20160232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0232.

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The costs and benefits of group living often depend on the spatial position of individuals within groups and the ability of individuals to occupy preferred positions. For example, models of predation events for moving prey groups predict higher mortality risk for individuals at the periphery and front of groups. We investigated these predictions in sardine ( Sardinella aurita ) schools under attack from group hunting sailfish ( Istiophorus platypterus ) in the open ocean. Sailfish approached sardine schools about equally often from the front and rear, but prior to attack there was a chasing period in which sardines attempted to swim away from the predator. Consequently, all sailfish attacks were directed at the rear and peripheral positions of the school, resulting in higher predation risk for individuals at these positions. During attacks, sailfish slash at sardines with their bill causing prey injury including scale removal and tissue damage. Sardines injured in previous attacks were more often found in the rear half of the school than in the front half. Moreover, injured fish had lower tail-beat frequencies and lagged behind uninjured fish. Injuries inflicted by sailfish bills may, therefore, hinder prey swimming speed and drive spatial sorting in prey schools through passive self-assortment. We found only partial support for the theoretical predictions from current predator–prey models, highlighting the importance of incorporating more realistic predator–prey dynamics into these models. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Physiological determinants of social behaviour in animals’.

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Hoolihan, John. "Sailfish movement in the Arabian Gulf: a summary of tagging efforts." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 4 (2003): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01252.

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In Arabian Gulf waters of the United Arab Emirates, sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) are seasonally resident from October through April. Recreational anglers started occasional, self-initiated tagging in 1983. Tags originating from one local and five foreign agencies have been infixed. Early tagging and recovery data was often obscure or lost. In 1997, a concerted effort to understand migration cycles began by consolidating tagging practices and monitoring tag recoveries. Conventional dart tags were infixed on 1871 sailfish from 15 April 1996 to 21 April 2001. Recovered tags (n = 92), as of 16 July 2001, indicated a recapture rate of 4.91%. Of these, 90.21% (n = 83) were recovered during May/June in Iranian waters and represent springtime migratory movement leading north-west, further into the Gulf. Time-at-large for all recaptures ranged from 17 to 1148 days, while point-to-point travel extended from 2.5 to 697 km. Sailfish recaptured in the same year (n = 59) and exhibiting migratory movement travelled a mean distance of 474 km. Location of sailfish during late July through September is unknown, owing to deficiencies in tag recoveries, catch data and anecdotal information. The use of pop-up satellite tags is underway to address this question.

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Luthy, Stacy A., Joseph E. Serafy, Robert K. Cowen, Kelly L. Denit, and Su Sponaugle. "Age and growth of larval Atlantic sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 7 (2005): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05048.

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Of the Atlantic istiophorid billfishes, larval age–size relationships and growth rates have been examined only for blue marlin (Makaira nigricans). Using otolith microincrement analysis, we describe age–length and age–weight relationships for larval sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) collected from the Straits of Florida. Sagittae and lapilli were dissected from 70 larvae ranging from 2.8 to 15.2 mm in (notochord or standard) length. Comparisons between otolith images obtained by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated that increment widths were well within the resolving power of light microscopy. Indirect evidence and published descriptions of larval blue marlin otoliths suggest daily increment deposition. Estimated ages of specimens ranged from 3 to 18 days. Length data were fitted to age estimates with an exponential model (R2 = 0.85). The estimated size-at-hatch for sailfish was 1.96 mm notochord length, and the daily instantaneous growth coefficient was 0.14. A power curve with exponent 3.05 described the length–dry weight relationship for sailfish. The instantaneous growth coefficient for an exponential regression of dry weight, converted from length, versus estimated age was 0.41. Growth in the length of sailfish larvae from the Straits of Florida was very similar to that described for blue marlin larvae from Exuma Sound, Bahamas.

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9

Archer, C. Ruth. "Lateralisation helps sailfish snatch sardines." Journal of Experimental Biology 220, no. 11 (May 31, 2017): 1934.2–1935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.147389.

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10

Domenici, P., A. D. M. Wilson, R. H. J. M. Kurvers, S. Marras, J. E. Herbert-Read, J. F. Steffensen, S. Krause, P. E. Viblanc, P. Couillaud, and J. Krause. "How sailfish use their bills to capture schooling prey." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1784 (June 7, 2014): 20140444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0444.

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The istiophorid family of billfishes is characterized by an extended rostrum or ‘bill’. While various functions (e.g. foraging and hydrodynamic benefits) have been proposed for this structure, until now no study has directly investigated the mechanisms by which billfishes use their rostrum to feed on prey. Here, we present the first unequivocal evidence of how the bill is used by Atlantic sailfish ( Istiophorus albicans ) to attack schooling sardines in the open ocean. Using high-speed video-analysis, we show that (i) sailfish manage to insert their bill into sardine schools without eliciting an evasive response and (ii) subsequently use their bill to either tap on individual prey targets or to slash through the school with powerful lateral motions characterized by one of the highest accelerations ever recorded in an aquatic vertebrate. Our results demonstrate that the combination of stealth and rapid motion make the sailfish bill an extremely effective feeding adaptation for capturing schooling prey.

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Hansen, M. J., S. Krause, M. Breuker, R. H. J. M. Kurvers, F. Dhellemmes, P. E. Viblanc, J. Müller, et al. "Linking hunting weaponry to attack strategies in sailfish and striped marlin." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1918 (January 15, 2020): 20192228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2228.

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Linking morphological differences in foraging adaptations to prey choice and feeding strategies has provided major evolutionary insights across taxa. Here, we combine behavioural and morphological approaches to explore and compare the role of the rostrum (bill) and micro-teeth in the feeding behaviour of sailfish ( Istiophorus platypterus ) and striped marlin ( Kajikia audax ) when attacking schooling sardine prey. Behavioural results from high-speed videos showed that sailfish and striped marlin both regularly made rostrum contact with prey but displayed distinct strategies. Marlin used high-speed dashes, breaking schools apart, often contacting prey incidentally or tapping at isolated prey with their rostra; while sailfish used their rostra more frequently and tended to use a slower, less disruptive approach with more horizontal rostral slashes on cohesive prey schools. Capture success per attack was similar between species, but striped marlin had higher capture rates per minute. The rostra of both species are covered with micro-teeth, and micro-CT imaging showed that species did not differ in average micro-tooth length, but sailfish had a higher density of micro-teeth on the dorsal and ventral sides of their rostra and a higher amount of micro-teeth regrowth, suggesting a greater amount of rostrum use is associated with more investment in micro-teeth. Our analysis shows that the rostra of billfish are used in distinct ways and we discuss our results in the broader context of relationships between morphological and behavioural feeding adaptations across species.

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Rochman, Fathur, Abram Barata, and Budi Nugraha. "FISHING GROUND, CACTH COMPOSITION, HOOK RATE AND LENGTH DISTRIBUTION OF BILLFISHES CAUGHT BY TUNA LONG LINE IN INDIAN OCEAN." Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.19.2.2013.85-97.

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Billfishes area by cacth of tuna long line vessels in Indian Ocean. Billfish are consist of swordfish <em>Xiphias gladius</em>, black marlin <em>Makaira indica</em>, indo facific blue marlin <em>Makaira mazara</em>, stripe marlin <em>Tetrapturus audax</em>, indo facific sailfish <em>Istiophorus platypterus</em> and shortbill spearfish <em>Tetrapturus angustirostris</em>. Besides that, billfishes also have important economic value compared with tuna as an exsported species such as swordfish and marlin. To optimize the catch of billfishes in Indian Ocean, data and information of potential fishing ground, size and catch composition of this species are needed. The billfishes cacth composition collected in 2011 were dominated by 45% swordfish, 20% black marlin, 19% blue marlin,9% short bill spearfish, 6% sailfish and 1%stripe marlin. The billfishes size range which were caught between 60 - 280 cm LJFL (Lower Jaw Fork Length). The sword fish average length was 150 cm, blue marlin 197 cm, black Marlin 189 cm, sailfish 150cm ,short bill spearfish 144 cm and stripe marlin159 cm. From this observation, it was found that most of billfishes caught were in mature.

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Hernández-Aguilar, Sandra Berenice, Leonardo Andrés Abitia-Cárdenas, Xchel Gabriel Moreno-Sánchez, Marcial Arellano-Martínez, and Eduardo González-Rodríguez. "Trophic spectrum of the sailfish Istiophorus platypterus caught off Acapulco in the southern Mexican Pacific." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 4 (November 21, 2012): 1097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412001622.

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The sailfish Istiophorus platypterus is one of the most common billfish species in the Mexican Pacific. Information about its feeding habits in the coastal region of Acapulco, Guerrero is extremely limited. In the present study we quantified the diet of sailfish, based on captures made from March 2008 to December 2009 by the sport fishing fleet of Acapulco. We analysed a total of 561 stomachs, of which 254 contained food (45%). The size interval of examined specimens was between 101 and 212 cm postorbital length and between 15 and 47 kg total weight. In general, teleosts were the most important prey, followed by cephalopods. According to index of relative importance, the most important species in the diet were the fish Auxis thazard (63.04%) and Fistularia commersonii (6.62%), followed by the cephalopod Octopus spp. (4.58%). There were no significant differences in the diet by sex (males and females), sexual maturity (immature and mature), or by season (warm and cold seasons). In all cases the most important prey species was A. thazard. We conclude that the sailfish I. platypterus off Acapulco behaves as a specialist predator because, despite the consumption of a high number of prey items, it feeds preferentially on a reduced number of prey species that form schools, and are available and abundant in the ocean.

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Coelho, Rodrigo C. V., and Rodrigo F. Neumann. "Fluid dynamics in porous media with Sailfish." European Journal of Physics 37, no. 5 (July 13, 2016): 055102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/37/5/055102.

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15

TSAI, YUNG-HSIANG, SHIOU-CHUNG CHANG, HSIEN-FENG KUNG, CHENG-I. WEI, and DENG-FWU HWANG. "Histamine Production by Enterobacter aerogenes in Sailfish and Milkfish at Various Storage Temperatures." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.8.1690.

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Enterobacter aerogenes was studied for its growth and ability to promote the formation of total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) and histamine in sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) stored at various temperatures from −20 to 37°C. The optimal temperature for bacterial growth in both fish species was 25°C, whereas the optimal temperature for histamine formation was 37°C. The two fish species inoculated with E. aerogenes, when not properly stored at low temperatures such as 15°C for 36 h, formed histamine at above the U.S. Food and Drug Administration hazardous guideline level of 50 mg/100 g. Milkfish was a better substrate than sailfish for histamine formation by bacterial histidine decarboxylation at elevated temperatures (>15°C). Although higher contents of TVBN were detected in the spiked sailfish than milkfish during the same storage time at temperatures above 15°C, the use of the 30-mg/100 g level of TVBN as a determination index for fish quality and decomposition was not a good criterion for assessing potential histamine hazard for both fish species. Bacterial growth was controlled by cold storage of the fish at 4°C or below, but histamine formation was stopped only by frozen storage. Once the frozen fish samples were thawed and stored at 25°C, histamine started to accumulate rapidly and reached levels greater than the hazardous action level in 36 h.

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Kurvers, Ralf H. J. M., Stefan Krause, Paul E. Viblanc, James E. Herbert-Read, Paul Zaslansky, Paolo Domenici, Stefano Marras, et al. "The Evolution of Lateralization in Group Hunting Sailfish." Current Biology 27, no. 4 (February 2017): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.044.

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Fritsches, Kerstin A., Julian C. Partridge, John D. Pettigrew, and N. Justin Marshall. "Colour vision in billfish." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1401 (September 29, 2000): 1253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0678.

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Members of the billfish family are highly visual predatory teleosts inhabiting the open ocean. Little is known about their visual abilities in detail, but past studies have indicated that these fishes were likely to be monochromats. This study, however, presents evidence of two anatomically distinct cone types in billfish. The cells are arranged in a regular mosaic pattern of single and twin cones as in many fishes, and this arrangement suggests that the different cone types also show different spectral sensitivity, which is the basis for colour vision. First measurements using microspectrophotometry (MSP) revealed a peak absorption of the rod pigment at 484 nm, indicating that MSP, despite technical difficulties, will be a decisive tool in proving colour vision in these offshore fishes. When hunting, billfish such as the sailfish flash bright blue bars on their sides. This colour reflects largely in ultraviolet (UV) light at 350 nm as revealed by spectrophotometric measurements. Billfish lenses block light of wavelengths below 400 nm, presumably rendering the animal blind to the UV component of its own body colour. Interestingly, at least two prey species of billfish have lenses transmitting light in the UV waveband and are therefore likely to perceive a large fraction of the UV peak found in the blue bar of the sailfish. The possible biological significance of this finding is discussed.

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Januszewski, M., and M. Kostur. "Sailfish: A flexible multi-GPU implementation of the lattice Boltzmann method." Computer Physics Communications 185, no. 9 (September 2014): 2350–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2014.04.018.

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19

GIMSA, JAN, ROBERT SLEIGH, and ULRIKE GIMSA. "The riddle of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus’ dorsal sail." Geological Magazine 153, no. 3 (November 17, 2015): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756815000801.

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AbstractSpinosaurus aegyptiacus was probably the largest predatory dinosaur of the Cretaceous period. A new study shows that it was a semiaquatic hunter. The function of Spinosaurus’ huge dorsal ‘sail’ remains unsolved, however. Three hypotheses have been proposed: (1) thermoregulation; (2) humpback storage; or (3) display. According to our alternative hypothesis, the submerged sail would have improved manoeuvrability and provided the hydrodynamic fulcrum for powerful neck and tail movements such as those made by sailfish or thresher sharks when stunning or injuring prey. Finally, it could have been employed as a screen for encircling prey underwater.

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Dhellemmes, F., M. J. Hansen, S. D. Bouet, J. J. Videler, P. Domenici, J. F. Steffensen, T. Hildebrandt, et al. "Oil gland and oil pores in billfishes: in search of a function." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 19 (August 13, 2020): jeb224956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.224956.

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ABSTRACTBillfishes are well known for their distinctive elongated rostra, i.e. bills. The functional significance of billfish rostra has been frequently discussed and the recent discovery of an oil gland (glandula oleofera) at the base of the rostrum in swordfish, Xiphias gladius, has added an interesting facet to this discussion regarding the potential co-evolution of gland and rostra. Here, we investigated the oil gland and oil pores (through which the oil is brought to the skin surface) of four billfish species – swordfish, Atlantic blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), Indo-Pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and striped marlin (Kajikia audax) – and provide detailed evidence for the presence of an oil gland in the last three. All four species had a high density of oil pores on the forehead which is consistent with the hypothesis of hydrodynamic benefits of the oil. The extension of the pores onto the front half of the rostrum in sailfish and striped marlin, but not in swordfish or blue marlin, suggests that the oil may have additional functions. One such function could be linked to the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of the oil. However, the available evidence on predatory rostrum use (and hence the likelihood of tissue damage) is only partly consistent with the extension of pores on rostra across species. We conclude that the oil gland probably serves multiple, non-mutually exclusive functions. More detailed information on rostrum use in blue marlin and swordfish is needed to better link behavioural and morphological data with the aim of accomplishing a full comparative analysis.

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Ortiz, Mauricio, Eric D. Prince, Joseph E. Serafy, David B. Holts, Kay B. Davy, Julian G. Pepperell, Michael B. Lowry, and John C. Holdsworth. "Global overview of the major constituent-based billfish tagging programs and their results since 1954." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 4 (2003): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02028.

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Release and recovery files from the world's five major constituent-based billfish (Istiophoridae) tagging programs were assembled into a single composite database. Data sources included the National Marine Fisheries Service's (NMFS) Cooperative Tagging Center (MIA) in the Atlantic Ocean, the NMFS's Cooperative Billfish Tagging Program (LJA) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the Australian Cooperative Tagging Program in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the New Zealand Cooperative Game Fish Tagging Program in the Pacific Ocean, and The Billfish Foundation's (TBF) tagging program in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Results for the main target species, including black marlin (Makaira indica), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus), striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax) and sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) were compared and contrasted based on species, ocean body and tagging program. A total of over 317 000 billfish have been tagged and released, and 4122 have been recovered since 1954. Tag recovery percentages were generally higher for a recently developed double-barb nylon anchor tag compared with the typically used stainless steel dart tag. Greatest distances moved were largest for blue marlin and black marlin, followed by striped marlin, white marlin and sailfish. The TBF program had the highest tag recovery percentages for white marlin (2.4%) and blue marlin (1.7%), whereas the MIA program had the highest percentage recovery for sailfish (1.8%). The LJA program had the highest recovery percentages for black marlin (1.9%) and striped marlin (1.4%). The annual number of releases and recoveries for each target species tended to increase over the time series, particularly during the last decade. Cyclic annual movement patterns and/or seasonal site fidelity were evident for black marlin and white marlin. The data suggest that tag recovery percentages can be affected by tag type, reporting rate, localized fishing activities, outreach activities, and a variety of logistical issues indirectly related to size of ocean body. The efficiencies of the tagging programs are compared and recommendations are made to improve the programs. The composite tagging database provides the opportunity for a more comprehensive evaluation of the data and tagging programs than has previously been possible by examining the individual programs in isolation. The main advantage of constituent-based tagging programs is that large numbers of billfish can be tagged at a minimum cost. The main drawbacks are a lack of control over the tagging event and return of recovery data. Constituent-based tagging programs provide essential data on billfish movement and biology, and should be expanded and improved to meet the increasing need for this information.

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Kitner, Kathi, and John Maiolo. "On Becoming a Billfisherman: Study of Enculturation." Human Organization 47, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.47.3.92374666m0v1u7k2.

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Sportfishing for large ocean pelagic billfish species, such as marlin and sailfish, is the most glamorous, and expensive, of the many types of recreational fishing in the U.S. Tournaments are events which simultaneously organize and reify the subculture of billfishing. A survey of participants of eight such tournaments revealed a progression of recreational activities leading into the sport of billfishing. Three conceptual models are examined to assist in the understanding of the social processes by which anglers are recruited, enculturated and maintained in the subculture. Such an analysis has important implications for the management of fisheries under recently enacted federal and state legislation.

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Walter, John F., Eric S. Orbesen, Christopher Liese, and Joseph E. Serafy. "Can Circle Hooks Improve Western Atlantic Sailfish, Istiophorus Platypterus, Populations?" Bulletin of Marine Science 88, no. 3 (July 1, 2012): 755–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2011.1072.

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Vidaurri-S, Ana Luisa, Rene Macias-Zam, and Manuel Gallardo C. "Albinism in Sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) Found in the Coast of Colima, Mexico." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 8, no. 4 (March 15, 2005): 669–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2005.669.671.

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Sagong, Woong, Chulkyu Kim, Sangho Choi, Woo-Pyung Jeon, and Haecheon Choi. "Does the sailfish skin reduce the skin friction like the shark skin?" Physics of Fluids 20, no. 10 (October 2008): 101510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3005861.

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26

Lu, Ching-Ping, Jaime R. Alvarado Bremer, Jessica L. McKenzie, and Wei-Chuan Chiang. "Analysis of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) population structure in the North Pacific Ocean." Fisheries Research 166 (June 2015): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2014.09.018.

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Ferrette, Bruno Lopes da Silva, Bruno Mourato, Fábio Hissa Vieira Hazin, Freddy Arocha, Samuel Mackey Williams, Carlos Egberto Rodrigues Junior, Fábio Porto-Foresti, et al. "Global phylogeography of sailfish: deep evolutionary lineages with implications for fisheries management." Hydrobiologia 848, no. 17 (April 23, 2021): 3883–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04587-w.

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Hernández-Aguilar, Sandra Berenice. "Reproductive biology of the sailfish Istiophorus platypterus in the Acapulco Bay, Mexico." Hidrobiológica 30, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uam/izt/dcbs/hidro/2020v30n3/hernandez.

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Hernández-Aguilar, Sandra Berenice. "Reproductive biology of the sailfish Istiophorus platypterus in the Acapulco Bay, Mexico." Hidrobiológica 30, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uam/izt/dcbs/hidro/2021v30n3/hernandez.

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30

Hoolihan, John P., and Jiangang Luo. "Determining summer residence status and vertical habitat use of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) in the Arabian Gulf." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 9 (October 3, 2007): 1791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm148.

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Abstract Hoolihan, J. P. and Luo, J. 2007. Determining summer residence status and vertical habitat use of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) in the Arabian Gulf. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64. Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed on 18 sailfish in the Arabian Gulf between 2001 and 2005 to determine summer geoposition and habitat preference. Programmed releases following periods ranging from 110 to 156 d provided an aggregate total of 533 monitoring days of data. Three PSATs failed to report and nine released prematurely after periods ranging from 3 to 93 d. Four were recovered in gillnets after periods ranging from 39 to 90 d, and two transmitted after programmed releases of 127 and 128 d. Pooled archival data from recovered PSATs showed a cumulative mean distribution of 83.9% for total time spent in the upper 10 m, with no significant difference between day and night (χ24 = 0.84, p = 0.93). Depth ranged from 0 to 61 m, and ambient water temperature from 19.7°C to 30.1°C. Linear displacements ranged from 11 to 543 km and were all located inside the Gulf. Satellite- and light-level-derived geopositioning suggested that all fish remained in the Gulf. The two PSATs releasing on schedule validated summer residence inside the Gulf, providing further evidence in support of genetic analyses and conventional mark-recapture studies, which suggested that this billfish population confines itself year-round within a shallow marginal sea area. Preference for near-surface depths suggests a great susceptibility to capture by gillnets and other surface gears, raising concern for the effectiveness of regional management and conservation of the species.

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Innes, B. H., P. M. Grewe, and R. D. Ward. "PCR-based genetic identification of marlin and other billfish." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 5 (1998): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98007.

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A genetic test was developed for the identification of the six species of billfish found in Australian waters (black marlin, Indo–Pacific blue marlin, striped marlin, Indo–Pacific sailfish, shortbill spearfish and broadbill swordfish). The test was based on the PCR–RFLP analysis of a 1400 bp region of the mitochondrial DNA molecule, the d-loop, using four restriction enzymes (Hinf I, Rsa I and Sau3A I andTaq I). A total of 33 composite haplotypes were observed among 160 fish; all were species-specific. Three of the species—black marlin, striped marlin and broadbill swordfish—showed sufficient intra-specific variation to be useful in population structure analyses.

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32

Speare, P. "Parasites as biological tags for sailfish Istiophorus platypterus from east coast Australian waters." Marine Ecology Progress Series 118 (1995): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps118043.

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MOURATO, Bruno L., Humberto HAZIN, Fábio HAZIN, Felipe CARVALHO, and Alberto Ferreira de AMORIM. "Assessing Atlantic sailfish catch rates based on Brazilian sport fishing tournaments (1996-2014)." Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 42, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2016v42n3p625.

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Richardson, David E., Joel K. Llopiz, Kevin D. Leaman, Peter S. Vertes, Frank E. Muller-Karger, and Robert K. Cowen. "Sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) spawning and larval environment in a Florida Current frontal eddy." Progress in Oceanography 82, no. 4 (September 2009): 252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.003.

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35

Rosas-Alayola, José, Agustı́n Hernández-Herrera, Felipe Galvan-Magaña, L. Andres Abitia-Cárdenas, and Arturo F. Muhlia-Melo. "Diet composition of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) from the southern Gulf of California, Mexico." Fisheries Research 57, no. 2 (August 2002): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(01)00344-7.

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HWANG, DENG-FWU, SHENG-HSIUNG CHANG, CHYUAN-YUAN SHIAU, and CHANG-CHIA CHENG. "Biogenic Amines in the Flesh of Sailfish (Istiophorus plafypferus) Responsible for Scornbroid Poisoning." Journal of Food Science 60, no. 5 (September 1995): 926–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06263.x.

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Patro, Rob, Stephen M. Mount, and Carl Kingsford. "Sailfish enables alignment-free isoform quantification from RNA-seq reads using lightweight algorithms." Nature Biotechnology 32, no. 5 (April 20, 2014): 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2862.

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Block, Barbara A. "Structure of the brain and eye heater tissue in marlins, sailfish, and spearfishes." Journal of Morphology 190, no. 2 (November 1986): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051900203.

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39

Ghosh, Kushal Kanti, Shameem Ahmed, Pawan Kumar Singh, Zong Woo Geem, and Ram Sarkar. "Improved Binary Sailfish Optimizer Based on Adaptive β-Hill Climbing for Feature Selection." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 83548–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2991543.

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Hoolihan, John P. "Age and growth of Indo-Pacific sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, from the Arabian Gulf." Fisheries Research 78, no. 2-3 (May 2006): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2005.11.019.

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41

Hoolihan, J. P., J. Premanandh, M. A. D’Aloia-Palmieri, and J. A. H. Benzie. "Intraspecific phylogeographic isolation of Arabian Gulf sailfish Istiophorus platypterus inferred from mitochondrial DNA." Marine Biology 145, no. 3 (April 1, 2004): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-004-1346-2.

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42

Sikandar, Saleha, Naveed Khan Baloch, Fawad Hussain, Waqar Amin, Yousaf Bin Zikria, and Heejung Yu. "An Optimized Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithm for Application Mapping in 2D-NoC." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 5102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155102.

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Mapping application task graphs on intellectual property (IP) cores into network-on-chip (NoC) is a non-deterministic polynomial-time hard problem. The evolution of network performance mainly depends on an effective and efficient mapping technique and the optimization of performance and cost metrics. These metrics mainly include power, reliability, area, thermal distribution and delay. A state-of-the-art mapping technique for NoC is introduced with the name of sailfish optimization algorithm (SFOA). The proposed algorithm minimizes the power dissipation of NoC via an empirical base applying a shared k-nearest neighbor clustering approach, and it gives quicker mapping over six considered standard benchmarks. The experimental results indicate that the proposed techniques outperform other existing nature-inspired metaheuristic approaches, especially in large application task graphs.

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43

Mourato, B. L. "Environmental and spatial effects on the size distribution of sailfish in the Atlantic ocean." Ciencias Marinas 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7773/cm.v36i3.1735.

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44

Hammouti, Issam El, Azza Lajjam, and Mohamed El Merouani. "Comparison of Planning Models for Dynamic Berth Allocation Problem Using A Sailfish-based Algorithm." Procedia Computer Science 176 (2020): 3112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.177.

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45

Herbert-Read, James E., Pawel Romanczuk, Stefan Krause, Daniel Strömbom, Pierre Couillaud, Paolo Domenici, Ralf H. J. M. Kurvers, et al. "Proto-cooperation: group hunting sailfish improve hunting success by alternating attacks on grouping prey." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1842 (November 16, 2016): 20161671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1671.

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We present evidence of a novel form of group hunting. Individual sailfish ( Istiophorus platypterus ) alternate attacks with other group members on their schooling prey ( Sardinella aurita ). While only 24% of attacks result in prey capture, multiple prey are injured in 95% of attacks, resulting in an increase of injured fish in the school with the number of attacks. How quickly prey are captured is positively correlated with the level of injury of the school, suggesting that hunters can benefit from other conspecifics' attacks on the prey. To explore this, we built a mathematical model capturing the dynamics of the hunt. We show that group hunting provides major efficiency gains (prey caught per unit time) for individuals in groups of up to 70 members. We also demonstrate that a free riding strategy, where some individuals wait until the prey are sufficiently injured before attacking, is only beneficial if the cost of attacking is high, and only then when waiting times are short. Our findings provide evidence that cooperative benefits can be realized through the facilitative effects of individuals' hunting actions without spatial coordination of attacks. Such ‘proto-cooperation’ may be the pre-cursor to more complex group-hunting strategies.

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46

Nikolaeva, E. A., and A. V. Balushkin. "Morphological Characteristics of Sailfish Pike Channichthys velifer (Channichthyidae) from the Kerguelen Islands (Southern Ocean)." Journal of Ichthyology 59, no. 6 (November 2019): 834–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0032945219060079.

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47

Lu, Yi-Chin, Chen Tung, and Yan-Fu Kuo. "Identifying the species of harvested tuna and billfish using deep convolutional neural networks." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 1318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz089.

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Abstract Fish catch species provide essential information for marine resource management. Some international organizations demand fishing vessels to report the species statistics of fish catch. Conventionally, the statistics are recorded manually by observers or fishermen. The accuracy of these statistics is, however, questionable due to the possibility of underreporting or misreporting. This paper proposes to automatically identify the species of common tuna and billfish using machine vision. The species include albacore (Thunnus alalunga), bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), Indo-pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), and swordfish (Xiphias gladius). In this approach, the images of fish catch are acquired on the decks of fishing vessels. Deep convolutional neural network models are then developed to identify the species from the images. The proposed approach achieves an accuracy of at least 96.24%.

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Macías-Zamora, R. "Analysis Of The Tendency Of Catch Per Unit Effort In The Mexican Pacific Sailfish Fishery." Ciencias Marinas 20, no. 3 (June 1, 1994): 393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.7773/cm.v20i3.968.

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Vidauri-Soteto, A. L. "Notes on juvenile sailfish, istiophorus platypterus (shaw and nodder, 1791), caught in the mexican pacific." Ciencias Marinas 24, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.7773/cm.v24i4.759.

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Shadravan, S., H. R. Naji, and V. K. Bardsiri. "The Sailfish Optimizer: A novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for solving constrained engineering optimization problems." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 80 (April 2019): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2019.01.001.

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