Journal articles: 'Saigon River'

1

Balaban, J. "The Saigon River." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/6.1.119.

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Babel, Sandhya, Anh Tuan Ta, Thi Phuong Loan Nguyen, Emenda Sembiring, Tjandra Setiadi, and Alice Sharp. "Microplastics pollution in selected rivers from Southeast Asia." APN Science Bulletin 2022, no. 1 (March 9, 2022): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30852/sb.2022.1741.

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Microplastics have been found in all hemispheres of the world. However, studies on microplastics are mainly conducted in Europe, North America, and East Asia. Few studies are reported in the Southeast Asian region, where a large number of plastic waste is disposed of improperly into the water. This study investigated the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in the surface water of the Chao Phraya River (Thailand), Citarum River (Indonesia), and Saigon River (Vietnam). Samples were collected at urban and estuary zones of these rivers. The numbers of microplastics at the urban zones were 80±60, 12±6, and 68±20 items/m3 at the Chao Phraya, Citarum, and Saigon River, respectively. At the estuary zones, the numbers of microplastics were 48±8, 0±0 (0.08±0), and 42±5 items/m3 at the Chao Phraya, Citarum, and Saigon River, respectively. Microplastics with morphologies of fragments and fibres were mainly found in the rivers. Polypropylene and polyethylene particles were the most abundant in all collected samples. Since the selected rivers play important roles in water supply and aquaculture activities, the presence of microplastics in these rivers may negatively impact aquaculture and human health. Potential plastic management strategies to minimize microplastic problems in the selected rivers were also proposed in this study.

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Long, Tran Thanh, and Sucharit Koontanakulvong. "Groundwater and River Interaction Impact to Aquifer System in Saigon River Basin, Vietnam." Engineering Journal 24, no. 5 (September 30, 2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2020.24.5.15.

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Since the 1990s, under the pressure of socio-economic growth in the Ho Chi Minh City and nearby provinces, the heavy-extraction of groundwater of this area has dramatically increased to meet high water demand for domestic and industrial purposes. Although the groundwater – Saigon River interaction significantly contributes to groundwater reserves, researchers have been less attentive to fully describe and understand the river recharge. This study attempts to explore the impact of groundwater-river interaction to aquifer system due to pumping increase via field seepage and (O18, H2) isotopic measurements in the Saigon River Basin, South East of Vietnam. The analysis showed that river bed conductance at 0 km, 30 km, 60 km, 80 km, and 120 km were 4.5 m2/day/m, 4.2 m2/day/m, 2.5 m2/day/m, 1.7 m2/day/m, and 0.25 m2/day/m respectively. The riverbed conductance relies on the sand percentage of sediment. The composition δO18 in groundwater, river, and precipitation indicates that river recharge to groundwater exists mainly in the lower part of the basin. In contrast to downstream, the composition of δO18 was signified that the river primarily gains water from groundwater upstream. Under pressure of developing economies, the groundwater pumping in the Saigon river basin increased from 175,000 m3/day in 1995 to 880,000 m3/day in 2017. As a consequence of the increased pumping rate, the groundwater discharge to the river decreases from 1.6 to 0.7 times of groundwater pumping in upstream, while the amount of Saigon river recharge increases by 33% to 50% of the total groundwater pumping downstream. Under the exceedance pumping rate, the aquifers in the Saigon River Basin release less water to the Saigon river and it tends to gain more water through the river - groundwater interaction process. Therefore, groundwater management in downstream aquifers needs better joint planning with surface water development plans, particularly for surface water supply utilities which still struggle to satisfy the water demand of the development plan.

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Duc, Pham Anh, and Dang Quoc Dung. "Water Quality Assessment Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Saigon River and Its Tributaries, Vietnam." GeoScience Engineering 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0013.

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Abstract This study to enhance the discussion about the usefulness of benthic macroinvertebrates for water quality assessment in Saigon River and its tributaries. Data from 16 sites were used as a representative example for Saigon River and its tributaries in the area of basin over 4,500 km2, the length through provinces of Tay Ninh, Binh Phuoc, Binh Duong, and Ho Chi Minh City of about 280 km. The data covered the period of dry and rainy seasons in 2015, the survey sampled 16 sites (32 events) of the Saigon River and its tributaries selected. To implement this evaluation, the analyses were based on MRC methods and classifications these improved by the scientific group. The analysis of general characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates and bio-indices were used to examine the spatial patterns of water quality and biological groups. The value of good water quality was recorded in the sites far from industrial parks, crowded citizen areas, big cities (SG1 and SG2) while the sites in near urban Ho Chi Minh City and Thu Dau Mot Town or industrial areas (the section of Saigon River from SG6 to SG13) where had the value of worse water quality because of the more human activities. Especially, there was not any animal that was collected in the site SG7 because of too heavy pollution. The results demonstrated that these organisms could be applied to describe the ecological health in the Saigon River and its tributaries.

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Thuy, Nguyen Thi Diem, Nguyen Thi Huynh Mai, and Do Quang Linh. "Assessing water quality of the Saigon River under the impact of industrial wastewater incidents." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1349, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1349/1/012027.

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Abstract The Saigon River, as its economic potential and clusters and industrial parks evolve, is threatened by a high potential for water pollution. The objective is to evaluate the water quality (BOD5 and COD) under the influence of industrial wastewater incidents in the Saigon River using MIKE 21FM model. The results of model calibration and validation have high reliability with NSE values larger than 0.65 for the flow simulation and percentage error values less than 25% for the water quality simulation. Subsequently, the study proceeds to develop hypothetical scenarios in case untreated wastewater from industrial parks is charged directly into the Saigon River with actual discharge volumes of 15,811 m3/day and 30,000 m3/day. The results indicated that when an incident occurs at a location 1.3 km upstream from the Hoa Phu pumping station with a discharge volume of 15,811 m3/day, that has the most consequential impact, in terms of time and concentration of water pollutants on the pumping station. Specifically, the water quality at the pumping station area experiences a remarkable decrease after one and three hours of incidents in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. In general, the impacts of industrial wastewater incidents vary depending on their location. An incident beneath the Hoa Phu pumping station on the Saigon River is expected to have a faster impact on the raw water source during the dry season compared to the rainy season.

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Van, Tuan Pham, and Sucharit Koontanakulvong. "Groundwater and River Interaction Parameter Estimation in Saigon River, Vietnam." Engineering Journal 22, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2018.22.1.257.

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Markova, Irina M., and Phan Khanh Khanh. "Flow velocity field of the Saigon River section during operation of flood control structures." Stroitel'stvo: nauka i obrazovanie [Construction: Science and Education] 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2023.2.5.

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Introduction. Vietnam’s largest economic centre, Ho Chi Minh City, is facing riverbank erosion, one of the main causes of which is runoff. In this study, the flow velocity field of the Saigon River section is analyzed in different time periods. Materials and methods. Data on discharge, water level, river network topography and river channel were collected to set up simulation models in the programmes MIKE 11 and MIKE 21. These programmes are the main tools used in the study. Results. The current velocity in the middle of the river is 3–4 times higher than on the two banks. However, during the period between high and low tide, the current on both sides of the river has higher speed than the main stream, especially in the upper part of the winding banks, such as the part of the river from Ben Nghe sluice to Tan Thuan sluice and the section of the river from An Loi Dong police station to Thu Thiem 2 bridge. The velocity values in the studied river section in most cases exceed the allowable erosion-free velocity values of particles of channel material, river banks, and suspended sediment particles. The operation of the flood control sluices will slightly reduce the flow velocity values and also cause whirlpools in front of the sluices. Conclusions. The MIKE 11 and MIKE 21 software detailed the flow distribution of the Saigon River. The flow velocity on the Saigon River has a complex distribution and varies from period to period depending on the flood discharge from the Dau Tieng Reservoir and the tidal currents of the East Sea. The process of erosion on both sides of the river will occur regularly and continuously, so urgent measures are needed to protect the riverbank.

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Rodrigues do Amaral, Francisco, Thierry Pellarin, Tin Nguyen Trung, Tran Anh Tu, and Nicolas Gratiot. "Enhancing discharge estimation from SWOT satellite data in a tropical tidal river environment." PLOS Water 3, no. 2 (February 12, 2024): e0000226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000226.

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The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission aims to provide essential data on river width, height and slope in order to estimate worldwide river discharge accurately. This mission offers a powerful tool for monitoring river discharge in dynamic coastal areas, like the Saigon-Dongnai estuary in Southern Vietnam. However, estimating discharge of tidally-influenced rivers using SWOT measurements can be challenging when hydraulic variables have the same order of magnitude as SWOT measurement errors. In this paper we present a methodology to enhance discharge estimation accuracy from SWOT measurements based on simulated SWOT products at the 200 meter node resolution and varying river reach size. We assess measurement error variability and its impact on discharge estimation by employing a Monte Carlo analysis. Our approach significantly improved discharge estimation in the Saigon tidal river, reducing RMSE from 1400 m3/s to 180 m3/s and increasing R² from 0.31 to 0.95. Notably, the percentage of Monte Carlo particles meeting the 30% rRMSE threshold rose from 0% to 79%. This study underscores the feasibility of obtaining reliable discharge estimates from SWOT data in complex coastal areas where hydraulic variables are of the same order of magnitude as SWOT errors. Additionally, the proposed methodology to improve discharge estimation from SWOT measurements is widely adaptable as it can be applied to similar regions and can be combined with any discharge estimation method.

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Van Ha, Nguyen Thi, Satoshi Takizawa, Kumiko Oguma, and Nguyen Van Phuoc. "Sources and leaching of manganese and iron in the Saigon River Basin, Vietnam." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 10 (May 1, 2011): 2231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.460.

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High concentrations of manganese and iron in the Saigon River are major problems for the water supply in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam. To identify their sources and leaching processes, we surveyed water quality along the Saigon River and ran batch leaching tests using soil and sediment samples. Two important leaching processes were identified: acidic leaching from acid sulfate soil (ASS) in the middle reaches of the river, and Mn dissolution and Fe reduction from sediments in the downstream reaches. Low pH caused the concurrent release of Fe and Mn from the ASS. In contrast, anoxia caused the release of Fe but not Mn from the sediments, whereas low pH facilitated Mn dissolution. Sediments are a more important source of Mn because of their higher Mn contents (10 times) and release rates (14 times) than those from ASS.

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To, Thuy Chau. "WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SAIGON RIVER FOR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY BASED ON WATER QUALITY INDEX." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 58, no. 5A (November 12, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/58/5a/15203.

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Water Quality Index (WQI) is a dimensional number that aggregates information from many water quality parameters according to a defined method. WQI is accepted as an efficient tool for water quality management. In this study, WQI of Saigon river for public water supply was calculated from nine water quality parameters including pH, suspended solids (SS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, total dissolved iron and total coliform based on water quality data obtained monthly from January 2016 to December 2019 at three sampling sites. The results showed that most of WQI values belonged to class III (medium water quality with the WQIs of 35 – 64) and class IV (poor water quality with the WQIs of 11 – 34) and a deteriorating trend was observed from upstream to downstream of Saigon river. The river water quality could not be used for public water supply.

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Thai-Hoang, Le, Truong Thong, Hoang Thai Loc, Pham Thi Trang Van, Pham Thi Phuong Thuy, and Tran Linh Thuoc. "Influences of anthropogenic activities on water quality in the Saigon River, Ho Chi Minh City." Journal of Water and Health 20, no. 3 (February 14, 2022): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2022.233.

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Abstract Water quality for the surface water along the Saigon River in Ho Chi Minh City was assessed for four groups of water samples collected at the agricultural, industrial, residential, and less impacted areas. A variety of parameters indicating water quality including physicochemical parameters, nutrients, heavy metals, and antibiotic residues were measured for both the rainy and dry seasons, two main tropical seasons in HCM City using the standard methods. The results showed that the river water in the rainy season was detected with significantly higher values of turbidity, BOD5, PO4-P, NH4-N, NO3-N; and lower values of pH, temperature, conductivity, DO, salinity, Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Hg compared to that in the dry season. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were highly detected in the industrial areas compared to the agricultural and residential areas. Multivariate analyses suggested that the industrial and residential activities were more important contributors to the pollution of the Saigon River than the agricultural activities in HCM City.

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Quang, Ngo Xuan, Nguyen Thi My Yen, Tran Thanh Thai, Nguyen Ngoc Chau, Nguyen Duc Hiep, Nic Smol, Lidia Lins, and Ann Vanreusel. "Nematode morphometry and biomass in the Saigon River harbours in relation to antifouling contaminants." Nematology 19, no. 6 (2017): 723–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003083.

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Morphometry and biomass of nematode communities in different harbours of the Saigon River were investigated in the dry and wet seasons in relation to environmental variables such as total organic carbon, pH, conductivity, salinity and oxygen redox potential, in addition to concentrations of different butyltin compounds. The results indicated that nematodes in contaminated sediments from the Saigon River harbours were mainly characterised by slender morphotypes, whilst very few thin and stout nematodes were observed. Individual nematode biomass was generally low, especially in the wet season. There was no significant correlation between butyltin compounds and nematode morphometrics in the dry season but significant correlations were found for the wet season. Although significant correlations were observed for the wet season, the strong seasonal differences in nematode biomass spectra suggest a potential limitation in their use for environmental monitoring.

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Ho, Thong Chi, Ngo Van Dau, and Oanh Thi Phi Tran. "Sanility intrustion in Sai Gon-Dong Nai river system under the effects of the tides and sea level rising in Vung Tau estuary – East Sea, South of Vietnam." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i1.513.

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A mathematical model was used by the authors (software developed by Dr. F28 Le Song Giang) to study the change of the salt boundary river systems Saigon - Dong Nai under the effect of sea level rise in the different cases for Ho Chi Minh City, taking into account the change of amplitude and phase shift of the South China Sea tide. Results of the study indicated that: 1. There is a pretty good resemblance between model running results and results of water levels measurement. Salinity, calculated results have a larger amplitude slightly from measured data but this difference and oscillation phase can be acceptable. 2. Salinity 1 g / l - 3 g / l is increasingly encroaching into the infield under the sea level rise scenarios. Salt accounts is greater than 5 g / l and the margin of 10-15 g / l is also approaching deeply, so the future of Ho Chi Minh City will face to some water supply problems. 3. Saline in basin downstream Saigon - Dong Nai river is quite sensitive to the hydrological regime of the river, therefore, domestic regulation of irrigation reservoirs upstream can be used to push salt and improve salinity regime in the downstream part of the river

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Thanh Loan, Bui Thi. "APPLICATION OF PRE-OZONATION FOR REMOVAL OF DISINFECTION BY- PRODUCTS PRE-CURSOR FROM SAIGON RIVER WATER." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 2A (March 19, 2018): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/2a/11942.

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This study aimed to apply pre-ozonation for removal of disinfection by-products precursors to reduce the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) in Saigon river water. The pre-ozonation process was conducted in a lab-scale ozone contactor. The raw water sample was collected from Saigon River at the Hoa Phu pump station in Cu Chi District, Ho Chi Minh City. The suitable condition for pre-ozonation was found. At ozone dose of 1.5 mgO3/mgDOC, pH of 8.5, and contact time of 15 minutes, the removal efficiency of turbidity, color, iron, manganese, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP) were 36 %, 25 %, 56 %, 81 %, 35 %, and 46 %, respectively. These results indicated that the pre-ozonation could reduce DOC concentration and thus resulted in significant mitigation of THMs formation. In comparison with pre-chlorination, THMFP of raw water pretreated by pre-ozonation was lower. Moreover, this study showed that the pre-ozonation was more effective than pre-chlorination in terms of turbidity, color, manganese, and DOC removals.

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Markova, Irina, Phan Khanh Khanh, and Oybek Vokhidov. "Current velocity field in section of Sai Gon river during operation of flood control structures." E3S Web of Conferences 401 (2023): 01050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340101050.

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The largest economic center in Vietnam - Ho Chi Minh City, is facing increasingly serious riverbank erosion, one of the main reasons being the flow. Therefore, in this study, the flow velocity field on the Saigon River section is accurately analyzed in different time intervals with the help of MIKE 11 and MIKE 21 models. The simulation results show that The number of flow velocities in the middle of the river is 3-4 times greater than that of the two banks. However, between high tide and low tide, the flow on both sides of the river is faster than the main flow, especially in the upper part of the winding banks, such as the section from Ben Nghe sluice to Tan Thuan, sewer and river section from An Loi Dong Ward police station to Thu Thiem Bridge 2. The velocity value on the studied river section, in most cases, exceeds the allowable value of the non-erosion velocity of the bed material particles. , riverbanks, as well as suspended sediment particles. Therefore, the erosion process on both sides of the river will occur regularly and continuously, so urgent measures are needed to protect the riverbank. During the operation of the anti-flood sluice, the flow velocity will decrease slightly before sluices also appear as whirlpools. The flow velocity on the Saigon River has a complex distribution and changes from time to time depending on the flood discharge from Dau Tieng Lake and the tidal currents of the East Sea.

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Nguyen, Thi My Yen, and Xuan Quang Ngo. "Trophic structure of free-living nematodes in the Saigon River, Vietnam." Vietnam Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering 59, no. 2 (June 21, 2017): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjste.59(2).56.

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Dac, Nguyen Tat, and Nguyen Phi Khu. "On solution for the problem of spreading of acid water in canals." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 22, no. 1 (March 31, 2000): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/9958.

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It is dealt within this study a one-dimensional mathematical and statistical model for acid water transport in canals including a case study in the Saigon river with data provided by Environment Protection Centre - HCM city. It is shown that based on statistical analysis of data collected in the field the computation will be improved in sense of making their solutions more reliable

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Le, Tuan Ngoc, and Hoang Xuan Tran. "Assessment of the exposure level to saltwater intrusion in the context of climate change at Dong Nai province to 2030." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 1, T4 (December 31, 2017): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v1it4.474.

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The study aimed to assess the exposure level (E) to saltwater intrusion (SI) in the context of climate change (CC) at Dong Nai province to 2030. The results serve to assess vulnerability due to this phenomenon. The research scope included 57 wards in Bien Hoa city, Long Thanh, and Nhon Trach districts where have been facing to SI. Results showed that: (i) The high exposure area (E ≥ 75): near Long Tau, Dong Tranh, Go Gia rivers and Thi Vai river downstream; (ii) The medium – high exposure area (50 ≤ E < 75): Thi Vai river upstream, Nha Be, and Long Tau rivers; (iii) The medium – low exposure area (25 < E < 50): Dong Nai river above the confluence with Saigon river about 10 km and the area between Dong Mon and Thi Vai rivers; (iv) The low exposure area (E ≤ 25): the entire of Bien Hoa city, a part of Long Thanh district located near Buong river, part 4 of Dong Nai river, and Thi Vai river upstream.The exposure level tends to increase over time (2020, 2030) and under CC scenarios. The differences between the current E and that in 2030 are relatively small: 8.6, 1.96, and 2.71 in Bien Hoa, Long Thanh, and Nhon Trach, respectively. Thus, effects of climate change and sea level rise to the exposure level to SI are not really clear in the period 2014–2030. However, the increase in exposure index partly reflects the challenges for local governments and communities in response to SI and CC.

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Do, Truong Kim. "Property description deputy military regime, excuse Nguyen Cuu Dam." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 3 (August 30, 2015): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i3.844.

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Nine Dam principle historical figures who contributed in many fields. First of all he is a talented military by helping Nguyên smashed invasive action of Siamese troops, stabilize the situation Chenla. He is a visionary plan for building exceptional savings Ban Bich with three sides and one side of the river, along with the security station announced major insurance room where the family is firmly positioned outpost of Lords Nguyen during the first open land in the South, capable of coping with the intention of spying from Siam and strengthen its influence in pursuit of the long-term confrontation with Tay Son movement. The main stronghold of the embankment Ban Bich Nguyen Cuu Dam which is considered the first planners in Saigon. In addition to his stronghold, channel Guts Horse (Ma Changjiang) is wrong because he helped dig boats between Saigon and West more favorable.

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Ho, Thong Chi, Ngo Van Dau, Giang Song Le, and Oanh Thi Phi Tran. "Mathematical model in assesment of saltwater intrusion in Saigon – Dong Nai river system (Southern Vietnam) due to sea level rise." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i3.1486.

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SaiGon –DongNai (SG-DN) river system plays a vital role in developing the southern key economic triangle including Ho Chi Minh City, DongNai and BinhDuong provinces. Saltwater intrusion results from many factors and complex movements in SG–DN river system, in the midst of which are sea level rise and water regulation of upstream reservoirs. Theses causes have gradually changed the hydraulic regimes of the river system. As a result, saltwater intrusion has become seriously. In this article, the authors used mathematical models to investigate the change of saltwater boundary of the river system before and after the impact of sea level rise and the regulatory regime of the reservoirs. The findings contributed to the predicted scenarios where sea level rise and salinity boundary could be controlled through the regulation of upstream reservoirs.

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Phu Bao, Nguyen, Pham Hong Nhat, Dinh Quoc Tuc, and Nguyen Thi Minh Hien. "Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of antibiotics in water of Saigon River." Vietnam Journal of Hydrometeorology EME4 (September 2022): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36335/vnjhm.2022(12).57-66.

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Sajor, Edsel E., and Nguyen Minh Thu. "Institutional and Development Issues in Integrated Water Resource Management of Saigon River." Journal of Environment & Development 18, no. 3 (August 17, 2009): 268–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496509337787.

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Olson, Kenneth R. "Saigon River Valley: A Navigation, Trade, Mitigation, Invasion, Liberation, and Unification Pathway." Open Journal of Soil Science 13, no. 02 (2023): 46–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.132003.

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Lahens, Lisa, Emilie Strady, Thuy-Chung Kieu-Le, Rachid Dris, Kada Boukerma, Emmanuel Rinnert, Johnny Gasperi, and Bruno Tassin. "Macroplastic and microplastic contamination assessment of a tropical river (Saigon River, Vietnam) transversed by a developing megacity." Environmental Pollution 236 (May 2018): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.005.

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Le, Tuan Ngoc, Kim Thi Tran, and Phung Ky Nguyen. "Risks of the saltwater intrusion in the SaiGon, DongNai rivers in the context of climate change and sea level rise." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 2, no. 3 (May 23, 2019): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v2i3.759.

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This work aimed to assess the risk of the saltwater intrusion (SI) in main rivers in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in the context of climate change by 2100 under scenarios of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. By modeling and GIS methods, results showed that SI has been increasing and moving upstream. Differences in the salinity between the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios could be only visible from the middle to the end of the 21st century. In Saigon river, for RCP4.5, corresponding to 2025, 2030, 2050, and 2100, the salt line of 0.25‰ would be 0.25km, 1.6 km, 4.09km and 6.22km, respectively from Hoa Phu pump station as compared to that of 0.75 km; 1.6km; 4.6 km and 8.6 km, respectively for RCP8.5. In Dong Nai river, from Hoa An pump station, the corresponding figures would be 3.7km; 4.9km; 7.7km; 11.7km according to RCP4.5 and 3.7km, 4.9 km, 8.1km, 12.6km according to RCP8.5. The research results provide an important basis for planning suitable adaptation solutions, ensuring local activities and production.

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THINH, Nguyen Vu Duc, Le Quoc TUAN, Ngo Vy THAO, and Nguyen Nhat Huynh MAI. "USING MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS WATER QUALITY OF THE SAIGON RIVER, VIETNAM." Journal of Environmental Science for Sustainable Society 11, Supplement (2022): PP01_p1—PP01_p4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3107/jesss.11.pp01.

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Truong, Thong, Thai Loc Hoang, Linh Thuoc Tran, Thi Phuong Thuy Pham, and Thai-Hoang Le. "Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Saigon River Impacted by Anthropogenic Activities." Water 13, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162234.

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Despite of a high abundance of antibiotics, heavy metals, and organic matters detected in the Saigon River in Ho Chi Minh City, the level and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in this river are poorly understood. In this study, total 10 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (aac(6)-Ib-cr), β-lactam antibiotics (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM), quinolones (qnrA, qnrB), sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), trimethoprim (dfrA), efflux pump (oqxB), and three genes of genetic elements, including integron classes 1, 2, and 3 (intI1, intI2, intI3), are quantified by qPCR. Water samples were collected from the industrial, agricultural, residential, and less impacted areas for the wet and dry seasons. The results present high occurrence rates for 10 ARGs that were observed in all the sampling sites with the following order: sul1, sul2, dfrA > aac(6)-Ib-cr > blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM > qnrA, qnrB. Although the levels of ARGs and integrons in the dry season were found about to be about one order of magnitude higher than those in the wet season, the exact mechanisms for this are not fully clear. The correlation analysis presented here suggests that the contamination of organic matter and nutrients from agricultural, industrial, and residential activities likely contributes to the prevalence of ARGs, integrons, total bacterial load, and the potential development and spread of antibiotic resistance in the aquatic environments considered here.

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Anh, Mai Tuan, Lan Chi Do Hong, Ngoc Vinh Nguyen, Cam Loan Tu Thi, Triet Lam Minh, Kristin Becker-Van Slooten, and Joseph Tarradellas. "Micropollutants in the Sediment of the SaiGon–DongNai River: Situation and Ecological Risks." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 57, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/000942903777679037.

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Nguyen, Dong Van, and Quang Xuan Ngo. "Distribution of butyltin species in sediment samples collected from Saigon habours in Ho Chi Minh city." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 1, T2 (June 30, 2017): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v1it2.448.

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In this study, the distribution of tributyltin (TBT) and its degradation products, dibutyltin –DBT and monobutyltin – MBT in sediment sample collected adjacent Saigon habours was studied using gas chromatographic separation/ mass spectrometric detection. Sediment samples at 12 sites along the Saigon river were taken during dry and raining seasons in 2014 and 2015. Butyltin species were extracted from sediment matrix using HBr-tropolone into dichloromethane followed by ethylation with NaB(C2H5)4 in hexane. The reliability of the analytical method for butyltin species was evaluated by the use of the certified reference BCR-646 material. The concentrations of TBT, DBT and MBT in sediment samples were <0.1–2.81 ng/g, <0.1–4.3 ng/g and <0.2–8.4 ng/g (as Sn, dw). Butyltin species in sediment samples at sites within the habour area were higher than those at sites far upstreams or down-streams of the habours. Low values in TBT/(DBT+MBT) ratios revealed that the discharge of TBT from fouling paint was low at recent years.

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Schwarzer, Klaus, Nguyen Cong Thanh, and Klaus Ricklefs. "Sediment re-deposition in the mangrove environment of Can Gio, Saigon River estuary (Vietnam)." Journal of Coastal Research 75, sp1 (March 3, 2016): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si75-028.1.

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P.T., Luu,, and Duc, N.T. "Using benthic diatoms as bio-indicators of water quality of the Saigon River, Vietnam." Can Tho University Journal of Science 54(2) (2018): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jen.2018.014.

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Dao, Thanh-Son, Le-Thanh-Tuyen Tran, Thi-My-Chi Vo, and Ba-Trung Bui. "Toxicity of Zinc Dissolved In Saigon River to the Tropical Micro-Crustacean Daphnia Lumholtzi." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 5, no. 2 (September 8, 2016): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v5i2.9999.

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In this study we evaluated the responses of the tropical micro-crustacean, Daphnia lumholtzi, to zinc (Zn). For a more environmentally realistic assessment on the Zn toxicity, water sample collected from Saigon River was used as medium for the daphnids and Zn was spiked into field water for exposures. River water was physically and chemically measured and analyzed, and the sufficient water quality was confirmed prior to be used for the acute and chronic experiments. Metal concentrations in the test water were determined with an inductively coupled plasma/ mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). In the acute test implementation, Zn concentrations were from 67 – 360 µg/L. In the chronic experiments, the animals were incubated in control (filtered field water only) or filtered field water added with Zn (28, 46, and 75 µg/L) over the period of 14 days. The life history traits of daphnids including the survival, maturation, reproduction were daily observed. The results showed that the value of median lethal concentrations (48h-LC50) was 136 µg Zn/L (95% CI = 107 – 165 µg Zn/L). Chronic exposures revealed that Zn caused the survival reduction, delayed maturity age and reproduction decrease. Our study suggested D. lumholtzi as a very good freshwater aquatic zooplankton for assessment on the toxicity of metals in tropics. Besides, the Vietnam guideline values regarding Zn should be re-considered and adjusted for the aquatic ecological protection.

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Nguyen, Phu Bao, Hong Nhat Pham, and Quoc Tuc Dinh. "Correlation between Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin antibiotics and basic quality parameters in the water of Saigon river." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 65, no. 3 (March 25, 2023): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.65(3).46-52.

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Several recent studies have revealed the presence of antibiotics in the Saigon river water; however, little information is known about its abundance and correlation with water quality. Two typical antibiotics, Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin, were selected for this study to examine how they correlate with water quality parameters. The results have reflected that regarding the antibiotic concentration fluctuations, antibiotic concentration was gradually increased from the watershed (average concentration of Ciprofloxacin was about 81 ng/l and Ofloxacin was about 59 ng/l) to the middle of the river (Ciprofloxacin: 269 ng/l and Ofloxacin: 207 ng/l) and downstream (Ciprofloxacin: 341 ng/l and Ofloxacin: 276 ng/l). In the watershed, the concentration of antibiotics was much lower than the regional mean, with a difference of roughly 226.3% for Ciprofloxacin (average concentration was about 265 ng/l) and 253.0% for Ofloxacin (average concentration was about 209 ng/l). Antibiotics and water quality measures were correlated in the same order, but the correlation coefficient for two variables was lower than that for three random variables and more than three variables. Therefore, when evaluating the relationship between antibiotics and water quality, it is essential to take into account the correlation with as many parameters as possible.

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Le, Ngan Ngoc Kim, and Dan Phuoc Nguyen. "Application of pilot scale trickling filter couple with pre-ozonation for ammonia, iron and dissolved organic carbon removals from Saigon river water." Science & Technology Development Journal - Science of The Earth & Environment 1, no. M2 (December 31, 2017): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjsee.v1im2.445.

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A pilot scale trickling filter and pre-ozonation contactor with capacity of about 20 m3/day was run at Hoa Phu Pump Station which takes raw water from Saigon River for drinking water supply for Ho Chi Minh City. The raw water contains 0.52 ± 0.19 mg NH4+-N/l, 0.14 ± 0,06 mg/l total iron and 3.14 ± 0.45 mg/l DOC. The study aimed to using the pilot scale experiment to assess ammonia, iron and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removals from Saigon Water River for the sake of reducing chlorine demand and thus mitigating risk from Disinfection By Products (DBPs) formation. The size of the trickling filter was 0.5 m long x 0.5 wide x 2m high. The bio-media was seven PE wool sheets with thickness of 30 mm that is widely used as filter cloth in aquariums. It run at hydraulic loading of 3 m3/m2.h of raw water, and 8 m3/m2.h, where 50% of total flow was the returned effluent of pre-ozonation. The pilot scale pre-ozonation contactor which has the size of 0.6 m long x 0.6 m wide x 2.0 m high was operated at contact time of 15 minutes and ozone concentration of 0.5 mg/l. The ammonia, iron and DOC removals at 8 m3/m2.h were 58%, 25% and 22%, respectively. Whereas, it obtained ammonia, iron and DOC removals of 52%, 19% and 9% DOC respectively. Thus, even though the experiment with returned pre-ozonation effluent run at high hydraulic loading rate, the better performance was obtained as comparison to the experiment without return.

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Khanh, Bui Van, Tran Thi My Duyen, Lam Pham Thanh Hien, Vo Nguyen Xuan Que, and Nguyen Nhat Huy. "Analysis of water quality in Saigon River water and its treatment by traditional coagulation – flocculation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 652, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/652/1/012013.

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Nguyen, Tuyet T. N., Julien Némery, Nicolas Gratiot, Emilie Strady, Viet Quoc Tran, An Truong Nguyen, Joanne Aimé, and Alice Peyne. "Nutrient dynamics and eutrophication assessment in the tropical river system of Saigon – Dongnai (southern Vietnam)." Science of The Total Environment 653 (February 2019): 370–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.319.

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Hong, Lan Chi Do, Kristin Becker-van Slooten, Jean-Jacques Sauvain, Triet Lam Minh, and Joseph Tarradellas. "Toxicity of sediments from the Ho Chi Minh City canals and Saigon River, Viet Nam." Environmental Toxicology 15, no. 5 (2000): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-7278(2000)15:5<469::aid-tox15>3.0.co;2-0.

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38

Wallace, John. "Psychiatry in Vietnam: a personal impression." Psychiatric Bulletin 21, no. 12 (December 1997): 779–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.21.12.779.

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After the fall of South Vietnam to North Vietnamese forces in 1975, Vietnam has remained virtually isolated from the rest of the world. With the global political changes of the past 10 years. the Hanoi Government succeeded in reducing Vietnam's international isolation in part by attempting to open the country's door to foreign visitors. The country stretches along the eastern coast of the Indo-Chinese peninsula and is slightly larger than Italy. It is ‘S-shaped’, broad in the north and south and very narrow in the centre (Fig. 1). The country's main cultivated areas are the Red River delta in the north and the Mekong delta containing Ho Chi Min city (Saigon) in the south.

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Vital, Pierangeli G., Nguyen Thi Van Ha, Le Thi Hong Tuyet, and Kenneth W. Widmer. "Application of quantitative real-time PCR compared to filtration methods for the enumeration of Escherichia coli in surface waters within Vietnam." Journal of Water and Health 15, no. 1 (November 8, 2016): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.173.

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Surface water samples in Vietnam were collected from the Saigon River, rural and suburban canals, and urban runoff canals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and were processed to enumerate Escherichia coli. Quantification was done through membrane filtration and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mean log colony-forming unit (CFU)/100 ml E. coli counts in the dry season for river/suburban canals and urban canals were log 2.8 and 3.7, respectively, using a membrane filtration method, while using Taqman quantitative real-time PCR they were log 2.4 and 2.8 for river/suburban canals and urban canals, respectively. For the wet season, data determined by the membrane filtration method in river/suburban canals and urban canals samples had mean counts of log 3.7 and 4.1, respectively. While mean log CFU/100 ml counts in the wet season using quantitative PCR were log 3 and 2, respectively. Additionally, the urban canal samples were significantly lower than those determined by conventional culture methods for the wet season. These results show that while quantitative real-time PCR can be used to determine levels of fecal indicator bacteria in surface waters, there are some limitations to its application and it may be impacted by sources of runoff based on surveyed samples.

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Nguyen, Tuyet T. N., Julien Némery, Nicolas Gratiot, Josette Garnier, Emilie Strady, Viet Q. Tran, An T. Nguyen, Thi N. T. Nguyen, Claire Golliet, and Joanne Aimé. "Phosphorus adsorption/desorption processes in the tropical Saigon River estuary (Southern Vietnam) impacted by a megacity." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 227 (October 2019): 106321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106321.

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Pham, A. D. "Linking Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Physicochemical Variables for Water Quality Assessment in Saigon River and Its Tributaries, Vietnam." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 92 (October 2017): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/92/1/012053.

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Nguyen, Binh Thanh, Dung Doan Do, Tong Xuan Nguyen, Vinh Ngoc Nguyen, Duong Thuy Phuc Nguyen, My Hoang Nguyen, Huong Thu Thi Truong, Hao Phu Dong, Anh Hung Le, and Quang-Vu Bach. "Seasonal, spatial variation, and pollution sources of heavy metals in the sediment of the Saigon River, Vietnam." Environmental Pollution 256 (January 2020): 113412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113412.

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Schreyers, Louise J., Tim H. M. van Emmerik, Thanh-Khiet L. Bui, Khoa L. van Thi, Bart Vermeulen, Hong-Q. Nguyen, Nicholas Wallerstein, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Martine van der Ploeg. "River plastic transport affected by tidal dynamics." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 28, no. 3 (February 9, 2024): 589–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-589-2024.

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Abstract. Plastic is an emerging pollutant, and the quantities in rivers and oceans are expected to increase. Rivers are assumed to transport land-based plastic into the ocean, and the fluvial and marine transport processes have been relatively well studied to date. However, the processes controlling the transport in tidal rivers and estuaries, the interface between fluvial and marine systems, remain largely unresolved. For this reason, current estimates of riverine plastic pollution and export into the ocean remain highly uncertain. Hydrodynamics in tidal rivers and estuaries are influenced by tides and freshwater discharge. As a consequence, flow velocity direction and magnitude can change diurnally. In turn, this impacts the transport dynamics of solutes and pollutants, including plastics. Plastic transport dynamics in tidal rivers and estuaries remain understudied, yet the available observations suggest that plastics can be retained here for long time periods, especially during periods of low net discharge. Additional factors such as riparian vegetation and riverbank characteristics, in combination with bi-directional flows and varying water levels, can lead to an even higher likelihood of long-term retention. Here, we provide a first observation-based estimate of net plastic transport on a daily timescale in tidal rivers. For this purpose, we developed a simple Eulerian approach using sub-hourly observations of plastic transport and discharge during full tidal cycles. We applied our method to the highly polluted Saigon River, Vietnam, throughout six full tidal cycles in May 2022. We show that the net plastic transport is about 20 %–33 % of the total plastic transport. We found that plastic transport and river discharge are positively and significantly correlated (Pearson's R2 = 0.76). The net transport of plastic is higher than the net discharge (20 %–33 % and 16 %, respectively), suggesting that plastic transport is governed by factors other than water flow. Such factors include wind, varying plastic concentrations in the water, and entrapment of plastics downstream of the measurement site. The plastic net transport rates alternate between positive (seaward) net transport and negative (landward) net transport as a result of the diurnal inequality in the tidal cycles. We found that soft and neutrally buoyant items had considerably lower net transport rates than rigid and highly buoyant items (10 %–16 % vs. 30 %–38 %), suggesting that transport dynamics strongly depend on item characteristics. Our results demonstrate the crucial role of tidal dynamics and bi-directional flows in plastic transport dynamics. With this paper we emphasize the importance of understanding fundamental transport dynamics in tidal rivers and estuaries to ultimately reduce the uncertainties of plastic emission estimates into the ocean.

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MARIN, IVAN N., VASILY M. KOLEVATOV, and TUẤN ANH NGUYỄN. "A new mud lobster of the genus Thalassina Latreille, 1806 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Gebiidea: Thalassinidae) from the mangrove forest of the Cần Giờ Mangrove Reserve, South Vietnam." Zootaxa 5474, no. 5 (July 2, 2024): 533–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5474.5.5.

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A new species of mud lobster of the genus Thalassina Latreille, 1806 (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Thalassinidae), Thalassina cangioensis sp. nov., is described from mangrove forests of the Cần Giờ Mangrove Biosphere Reserve, located in the Soài Rạp River delta in the downstream of the Dongnai-Saigon River system, South Vietnam. The new species is morphologically mostly similar to T. anomala (Herbst, 1804) in the shape of the rostrum and anterior part of the carapace and the presence of a single median tubercle on pleonal sternites II–V. However, it differs in the strong spinulation on the posterior part of the carapace, the armature of the pereopods I (chelipeds), and the presence of spines on the proximal part of the pleopod I in males. The shape of the pleopod I in males of the new species is mostly similar to that of T. squamifera, but it can be distinguished by the downwardly bulging median part at the tip, which is unique to the genus. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that the new species strongly genetically diverged (by the mitochondrial COI gene marker) from all currently sequenced species of the genus Thalassina, such as T. anomala, T. gracilis, T. kelanang and T. squamifera.

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Viet, Tran Tuan. "DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN SURFACE WATER, SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER, SEDIMENT AND CLAM (MERETRIX LYRATA) FROM DOWNSTREAM OF SAIGON-DONG NAI RIVER, VIETNAM." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 2A (March 19, 2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/2a/11932.

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This study aimed to evaluate distribution of selected heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd) in clams Meretrixlyrata (clam), suspended particulate matter (SPM), water and sediment in the downstream area of Saigon – Dong Nai (SG-DN) River. During March to September 2015, the contamination of those metals at four sampling sites from fresh water to brackish water zone and Meretrix Lyrata clams, which were cultured at many clam farms at Can Thanh beach at Can Gio District, were monitored. The concentrations of metals in clam samples were also determined at a comparative sampling site at Tan Thanh beach (Tien Giang province). Generally, the order of metal concentrations in all environmental components along the SG-DN River was Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Cd while the metal concentrations in different environmental components at Can Thanh area were in different orders. According to the results, the increasing tendency of only Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations in SPM and sediment from river upstream to estuary were found. All trace metal concentrations in clam samples were higher than in water and smaller than in sediment and SPM at Can Thanh. Only Cr concentrations in medium and small clam samples had positive significant correlations with those in sediment and SPM (medium size only). In comparison with concentrations of trace metals in water, sediment, SPM and clams at Tan Thanh, those at Can Thanh were higher.

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Tòng, Nguyễn Xuân, Lê Thị Tuyền, and Lưu Tăng Phúc Khang. "EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 ON SAIGON RIVER WATER QUALITY AND RESIDENT’S AWARENESS IN HO CHI MINH CITY." TNU Journal of Science and Technology 229, no. 06 (May 31, 2024): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34238/tnu-jst.10281.

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Đại dịch COVID-19 gây thay đổi đáng kể về nước mặt và thói quen sinh hoạt của người dân Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Việt Nam. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu là đánh giá tác động của COVID-19 đến nước sông Sài Gòn và nhận thức môi trường của người dân Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Mẫu nước được thu thập từ 12 địa điểm dọc sông Sài Gòn trong ba giai đoạn dịch COVID-19: trước phong tỏa, trong thời gian phong tỏa, và sau khi hạn chế được nới lỏng. Phân tích cho thấy các tham số hóa lý (ngoại trừ DO) và kim loại nặng (Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe) trong nước sông Sài Gòn giảm hơn 80,0% trong thời gian phong tỏa, phù hợp với QCVN08:2023/BTNMT (mức B), nhưng tăng trở lại sau khi hạn chế được nới lỏng, đạt lại mức trước khi phong tỏa. Đồng thời, một khảo sát được tiến hành để đánh giá kiến thức và nhận thức môi trường của người dân Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh về tác động của COVID-19. Tổng 630 phản hồi hợp lệ được thu thập. Kết quả cho thấy hơn 60% người tham gia xác định rác thải, nước thải sinh hoạt và công nghiệp là nguồn chính gây ô nhiễm nước sông Sài Gòn. Vì vậy, việc nâng cao nhận thức của người dân để thúc đẩy những hành vi có thể giảm thiểu ô nhiễm và cải thiện chất lượng nước sông.

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Pham, Van Tai. "Optimizing Logistics System to Serve Vietnam's Rice Export Strategy." Research in World Economy 11, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n3p231.

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Vietnam is a country with strengths in agricultural production, rich and valuable agricultural products. Vietnam is often described as a giant boom with two big granaries at both ends, the Red River Delta and the Mekong Delta. Besides, the appropriate weather and climate conditions and fertile soil have created an ideal environment for rice production, thereby making rice a strong export item for Vietnam. In order to boost export rice output, the role of the transport and logistics system is very important. If the transport system is equipped and linked together, it will create added value for the components of the system, while reducing transport costs, warehousing costs, distribution, and circulation, ... increase farmers' income, profits for businesses, create great export value for the country. One of the most important tasks to achieve this goal is to optimize Vietnam's rice export system. This issue is always urgent, not only for the executive agency, macro-management of the State but also for organizations, businesses, ... involved in the production and export of rice. This paper focuses on analyzing and assessing the current situation of Vietnam's export rice transport system and forecasting the future in each period. From there, select the basic parameters (or criteria) to build the optimal export rice transport system. The author has built a general and specific model for 02 transshipment scenarios including scenario 1 is Saigon port, scenario 2 is Saigon port and Can Tho port. The core of the paper is a detailed calculation with 05 options for each scenario, based on the selected basic parameters, with the LINGO 13.0 FOR WINDOWS software. From there, identify and select the most optimal plan for Vietnam's export rice transport system in general and the Mekong Delta in particular.

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Anh, An Thi Hoai Thu, Tran Van Khoi, and Lam Quang Thai. "Current Loop Control of Jet Fan Motors in Thu Thiem Tunnel by the Exact Linearization Method." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 14, no. 3 (June 1, 2024): 13916–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6686.

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The Thu Thiem road tunnel located deep under the Saigon River is currently ventilated by a system of 12 jet fans that push dust and dirty air out into the environment. These jet fans are driven by Induction Motors (IMs) modeled by mathematical equations on the structural nonlinear dq coordinate system, so the conventional linear controllers partly fail to meet the response requirements. Therefore, this paper proposes the application of the exact linearization control method for the current loop in the Field Oriented Control (FOC) structure of an IM that drives a jet fan of the Thu Thiem road tunnel. This is a control method based on a linearization model with cascaded loops. The stator current controller controls two currents: isd controls the flux, and isq controls the torque. The control design is verified by the simulation results on Matlab/Simulink with data collected from the jet fan system of the Thu Thiem road tunnel.

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Le, Thuyen Xuan, Klaus Schwarzer, Thanh Cong Nguyen, Luan Thi Bui, and Daniel Unverricht. "Late Holocene Morphodynamic Feedback in Can Gio Mangrove Tide-Dominated River Mouth Systems, Vietnam." Coasts 2, no. 3 (August 17, 2022): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coasts2030011.

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Can Gio (CG), a mangrove forest with a dense network of tidal creeks, gradually grew and spread seaward on a coastal platform, which was built since about 8 ka before present (BP). Along with this development, a sand ridge began to form and moved back with the shoreline withdrawal landward in the Late Holocene. This mangrove environment is likely abandoned from the mainland but was, however, the place for settlement of ancient Vietnamese a few centuries BC. The CG mangrove forest was severely destroyed during the American War and was restored since 1980. However, the historical change of the landscape along the Saigon-Dong Nai River (SG-DNR) since the Late Holocene is not completely unraveled. By analyzing sediment cores with a multiproxy approach, we investigated the recent geological development with regard to the variation of the intensity of the East Asian palaeomonsoon and regarding the accommodation space, as both regulate the development of this coastal environment. A recently significant shift in the coastline, mainly due to a change of hydroclimatic factors, was observed. A continuous coastline retreat occurred over the last millennium, changing the depositional environment and reshaping the CG mangrove landscape. Along the present coast and tidal channels, partially strong erosion and bank failures occur, alternating with accretion at other coastal sections. This development tends to increase progressively.

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Lokman, N. F., A. A. Abu Bakar, S. Abdul Talib, and F. Suja. "SPR response of CS-GO nanostructured thin films for selective detection of Pb(II) ions in the Saigon River, Vietnam." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 93 (2017): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.21407.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Saigon River'

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