Journal articles: 'SAIDS Vaccines'

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Massaro, Maria Grazia, Mario Caldarelli, Laura Franza, Marcello Candelli, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Gambassi, Rossella Cianci, and Donato Rigante. "Current Evidence on Vaccinations in Pediatric and Adult Patients with Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases." Vaccines 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010151.

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Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are defined by recurrent febrile attacks associated with protean manifestations involving joints, the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and the central nervous system, combined with elevated inflammatory markers, and are caused by a dysregulation of the innate immune system. From a clinical standpoint, the most known SAIDs are familial Mediterranean fever (FMF); cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS); mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD); and periodic fever, aphthosis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome. Current guidelines recommend the regular sequential administration of vaccines for all individuals with SAIDs. However, these patients have a much lower vaccination coverage rates in ‘real-world’ epidemiological studies than the general population. The main purpose of this review was to evaluate the scientific evidence available on both the efficacy and safety of vaccines in patients with SAIDs. From this analysis, neither serious adverse effects nor poorer antibody responses have been observed after vaccination in patients with SAIDs on treatment with biologic agents. More specifically, no new-onset immune-mediated complications have been observed following immunizations. Post-vaccination acute flares were significantly less frequent in FMF patients treated with colchicine alone than in those treated with both colchicine and canakinumab. Conversely, a decreased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been proved for patients with FMF after vaccination with the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine. Canakinumab did not appear to affect the ability to produce antibodies against non-live vaccines in patients with CAPS, especially if administered with a time lag from the vaccination. On the other hand, our analysis has shown that immunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae, specifically with the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, was associated with a higher incidence of adverse reactions in CAPS patients. In addition, disease flares might be elicited by vaccinations in children with MKD, though no adverse events have been noted despite concurrent treatment with either anakinra or canakinumab. PFAPA patients seem to be less responsive to measles, mumps, and rubella-vaccine, but have shown higher antibody response than healthy controls following vaccination against hepatitis A. In consideration of the clinical frailty of both children and adults with SAIDs, all vaccinations remain ‘highly’ recommended in this category of patients despite the paucity of data available.

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Sen, P., N. R, A. Nune, J. B. Lilleker, V. Agarwal, S. Kardes, M. Kim, et al. "POS1260 COVID-19 VACCINATION-RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS AMONG AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE PATIENTS: RESULTS FROM THE COVID-19 VACCINATION IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES (COVAD) STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 966–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4197.

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BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines have been proven to be safe and effective in the healthy population at large. However, significant gaps remain in the evidence of their safety in patients with systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disorders (SAIDs). Patients and rheumatologists have expressed concerns regarding vaccination triggered allergic reactions, thrombogenic events, and other adverse events (ADEs) contributing to vaccine hesitancy (1)ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess and compare short term COVID-19 vaccination associated ADEs in patients with SAIDs and healthy controls (HC) seven days post-vaccination, as well as between patients with SAIDs receiving different vaccines.MethodsWe developed an comprehensive, patient self-reporting electronic-survey to collect respondent demographics, SAID details, COVID-19 infection history, COVID-19 vaccination details, 7-day post vaccination adverse events and patient reported outcome measures using the PROMIS tool. After pilot testing, validation, translation into 18 languages on the online platform surveymonkey.com, and vetting by international experts, the survey was circulated in early 2021 by a multicenter study group of >110 collaborators in 94 countries. ADEs were categorized as injection site pain, minor ADEs, major ADEs, and hospitalizations. We analyzed data from the baseline survey for descriptive and intergroup comparative statistics based on data distribution and variable type (data as median, IQR).Results10900 respondents [42 (30-55) years, 74% females and 45% Caucasians] were analyzed. 5,867 patients (54%) with SAIDs were compared with 5033 HCs. All respondents included in the final analysis had received a single dose of the vaccine and 69% had received 2 primary doses. Pfizer (39.8%) was the most common vaccine received, followed by Oxford/AstraZeneca (13.4%), and Covishield (10.9%). Baseline demographics differed by an older SAID population (mean age 42 vs. 33 years) and a greater female predominance (M:F= 1:4.7 vs. 1:1.8) compared to HCs.79% had minor and only 3% had major vaccine ADEs requiring urgent medical attention overall. In adjusted analysis, among minor ADEs, abdominal pain [multivariate OR 1.6 (1.14-2.3)], dizziness [multivariate OR 1.3 (1.2-1.5)], and headache [multivariate OR 1.67 (1.3-2.2)], were more frequent in SAIDs than HCs. Overall major ADEs [multivariate OR 1.9 (1.6-2.2)], and throat closure [multivariate OR 5.7 (2.9-11.3)] were more frequent in SAIDs though absolute risk was small (0-4%) and rates of hospitalization were similarly small in both groups, with a small absolute risk (0-4%). Specific minor ADEs frequencies were different among different vaccine types, however, major ADEs and hospitalizations overall were rare (0-4%) and comparable across vaccine types in patients with SAIDs (Figure 1).Figure 1.A. Post Vaccination ADEs in SAIDs compared to HCs. B. Proportions of post COVID-19 vaccination ADEs in SAIDs by vaccine type.ConclusionVaccination against COVID-19 is relatively safe and tolerable in patients with SAIDs. Certain minor vaccine ADEs are more frequent in SAIDs than HCs in this study, though are not severe and do not require urgent medical attention. SAIDs were at a higher risk of major ADEs than HCs, though absolute risk was small, and did not lead to increased hospitalizations. There are small differences in minor ADEs between vaccine types in patients with SAIDs.References[1]Boekel L, Kummer LY, van Dam KPJ, Hooijberg F, van Kempen Z, Vogelzang EH, et al. Adverse events after first COVID-19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune diseases. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021 Aug;3(8):e542–5.AcknowledgementsThe authors thank all members of the COVAD study group for their invaluable role in the collection of data. The authors thank all respondents for filling the questionnaire. The authors thank The Myositis Association, Myositis India, Myositis UK, the Myositis Global Network, Cure JM, Cure IBM, Sjögren’s India Foundation, EULAR PARE, and various other patient support groups and organizations for their invaluable contribution in the dissemination of this survey among patients which made the data collection possible. The authors also thank all members of the COVAD study group.Disclosure of InterestsParikshit Sen: None declared, Naveen R: None declared, Arvind Nune: None declared, James B. Lilleker: None declared, Vishwesh Agarwal: None declared, Sinan Kardes: None declared, Minchul Kim: None declared, Jessica Day Grant/research support from: JD has received research funding from CSL Limited., Marcin Milchert: None declared, Tamer A Gheita: None declared, Babur Salim: None declared, Tsvetelina Velikova: None declared, Abraham Edgar Gracia-Ramos: None declared, Ioannis Parodis Speakers bureau: IP has received research funding and/or honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Elli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novartis and F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG., Consultant of: IP has received research funding and/or honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Elli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novartis and F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG., Grant/research support from: IP has received research funding and/or honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Elli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novartis and F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG., Albert Selva-O’Callaghan: None declared, Elena Nikiphorou Speakers bureau: EN has received speaker honoraria/participated in advisory boards for Celltrion, Pfizer, Sanofi, Gilead, Galapagos, AbbVie, Lilly, Consultant of: EN has received speaker honoraria/participated in advisory boards for Celltrion, Pfizer, Sanofi, Gilead, Galapagos, AbbVie, Lilly, Grant/research support from: EN has received speaker honoraria/participated in advisory boards for Celltrion, Pfizer, Sanofi, Gilead, Galapagos, AbbVie, Lilly, and holds research grants from Pfizer and Lilly., Tulika Chatterjee: None declared, Ai Lyn Tan Speakers bureau: ALT has received honoraria for advisory boards and speaking for Abbvie, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB., Consultant of: ALT has received honoraria for advisory boards and speaking for Abbvie, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB., Grant/research support from: ALT has received honoraria for advisory boards and speaking for Abbvie, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB., Lorenzo Cavagna: None declared, Miguel A Saavedra: None declared, Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo: None declared, Nelly Ziade Speakers bureau: NZ has received speaker fees, advisory board fees and research grants from Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, NewBridge, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Pierre Fabre; none is related to this manuscript., Consultant of: NZ has received speaker fees, advisory board fees and research grants from Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, NewBridge, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Pierre Fabre; none is related to this manuscript., Grant/research support from: NZ has received speaker fees, advisory board fees and research grants from Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, NewBridge, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Pierre Fabre; none is related to this manuscript., Johannes Knitza: None declared, Masataka Kuwana: None declared, Oliver Distler Speakers bureau: OD has/had consultancy relationship with and/or has received research funding from or has served as a speaker for the following companies in the area of potential treatments for systemic sclerosis and its complications in the last three years: Abbvie, Acceleron, Alcimed, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx, Baecon, Blade, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, ChemomAb, Corbus, CSL Behring, Galapagos, Glenmark, GSK, Horizon (Curzion), Inventiva, iQvia, Kymera, Lupin, Medac, Medscape, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, Roche, Roivant, Sanofi, Serodapharm, Topadur and UCB. Patent issued “mir-29 for the treatment of systemic sclerosis” (US8247389, EP2331143)., Consultant of: OD has/had consultancy relationship with and/or has received research funding from or has served as a speaker for the following companies in the area of potential treatments for systemic sclerosis and its complications in the last three years: Abbvie, Acceleron, Alcimed, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx, Baecon, Blade, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, ChemomAb, Corbus, CSL Behring, Galapagos, Glenmark, GSK, Horizon (Curzion), Inventiva, iQvia, Kymera, Lupin, Medac, Medscape, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, Roche, Roivant, Sanofi, Serodapharm, Topadur and UCB. Patent issued “mir-29 for the treatment of systemic sclerosis” (US8247389, EP2331143)., Grant/research support from: OD has/had consultancy relationship with and/or has received research funding from or has served as a speaker for the following companies in the area of potential treatments for systemic sclerosis and its complications in the last three years: Abbvie, Acceleron, Alcimed, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx, Baecon, Blade, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, ChemomAb, Corbus, CSL Behring, Galapagos, Glenmark, GSK, Horizon (Curzion), Inventiva, iQvia, Kymera, Lupin, Medac, Medscape, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, Roche, Roivant, Sanofi, Serodapharm, Topadur and UCB. Patent issued “mir-29 for the treatment of systemic sclerosis” (US8247389, EP2331143)., Hector Chinoy Speakers bureau: HC has served as a speaker for UCB, Biogen., Consultant of: HC has received consulting fees from Novartis, Eli Lilly, Orphazyme, Astra Zeneca, Grant/research support from: HC has received grant support from Eli Lilly and UCB, Vikas Agarwal: None declared, Rohit Aggarwal Consultant of: RA has/had a consultancy relationship with and/or has received research funding from for the following companies-Bristol Myers-Squibb, Pfizer, Genentech, Octapharma, CSL Behring, Mallinckrodt, AstraZeneca, Corbus, Kezar, Kyverna, Janssen, Roivant, Boehringer Ingelheim, Argenx, Q32, Alexion, EMD Serono, Jubliant, Abbvie, Janssen, Alexion, Argenx, Q32, EMD-Serono, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roivant., Grant/research support from: RA has/had a consultancy relationship with and/or has received research funding from for the following companies-Bristol Myers-Squibb, Pfizer, Genentech, Octapharma, CSL Behring, Mallinckrodt, AstraZeneca, Corbus, Kezar, Kyverna, Janssen, Roivant, Boehringer Ingelheim, Argenx, Q32, Alexion, EMD Serono, Jubliant, Abbvie, Janssen, Alexion, Argenx, Q32, EMD-Serono, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roivant., Latika Gupta: None declared

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Gupta, L., L. S. Hoff, N. R, P. Sen, S. Katsuyuki Shinjo, J. Day, J. B. Lilleker, et al. "POS0201 COVID-19 SEVERITY AND VACCINE BREAKTHROUGH INFECTIONS IN IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES, OTHER SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS: RESULTS FROM THE COVID-19 VACCINATION IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES (COVAD) STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2160.

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BackgroundSignificant gaps are present in the evidence of the spectrum and severity of COVID-19 infection in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). IIM patients typically require immunosuppressive therapy, may have multiple disease sequelae, and frequent comorbidities, and thus may be more susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection and complications (1). The possibility of attenuated immunogenicity and reduced efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines due to concomitant immunosuppressive medication is a major concern in these patients, and there is little data available on COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections (BI) in IIM (2).ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare disease spectrum and severity and COVID-19 BI in patients with IIM, other systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (SAIDs) and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsWe developed an extensive self-reporting electronic-survey (COVAD survey) featuring 36 questions to collect respondent demographics, SAID details, COVID-19 infection history, COVID-19 vaccination details, 7-day post vaccination adverse events and patient reported outcome measures using the PROMIS tool. After pilot testing, validation, translation into 18 languages on the online platform surveymonkey.com, and vetting by international experts, the COVAD survey was circulated in early 2021 by a multicenter study group of >110 collaborators in 94 countries. BI was defined as COVID-19 infection occurring more than 2 weeks after receiving 1st or 2nd dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. We analyzed data from the baseline survey for descriptive and intergroup comparative statistics based on data distribution and variable type.Results10900 respondents [mean age 42 (30-55) years, 74% females and 45% Caucasians] were analyzed. 1,227 (11.2%) had IIM, 4,640 (42.6%) had other SAIDs, and 5,033 (46.2%) were HC. All respondents included in the final analysis had received a single dose of the vaccine and 69% had received 2 primary doses. Pfizer (39.8%) was the most common vaccine received, followed by Oxford/AstraZeneca (13.4%), and Covishield (10.9%). IIM patients were older, had a higher Caucasian representation and higher Pfizer uptake than other SAIDs, and HC. A higher proportion of IIM patients received immunosuppressants than other SAIDs.IIMs were at a lower risk of symptomatic pre-vaccination COVID-19 infection compared to SAIDs [multivariate OR 0.6 (0.4-0.8)] and HCs [multivariate OR 0.39 (0.28-0.54)], yet at a higher risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 compared to SAIDs [univariate OR 2.3 (1.2-3.5)] and HCs [multivariate OR 2.5 (1.1-5.8)]. BIs were very uncommon in IIM patients, with only 17 (1.4%) reporting BI. IIM patients were at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 prior to vaccination than ≤2 weeks of vaccination [univariate OR 8 (4.1-15)] or BI [univariate OR 4.6 (2.7-8.0)]. BIs were equally severe compared to when they occurred prior to vaccination in IIMs, and were comparable between IIM, SAIDs, and HC (Figure 1), though BI disease duration was shorter in IIMs than SAIDs (7 vs 11 days, p 0.027). 13/17 IIM patients with BI were on immunosuppressants.ConclusionIIM patients experienced COVID-19 infection less frequently prior to vaccination but were at a higher risk of hospitalization and requirement for oxygen therapy compared with patients with HC. Breakthrough COVID-19 infections were rare (1.4%) in vaccinated IIM patients, and were similar to HC and SAIDs, except for shorter disease duration in IIM.References[1]Brito-Zerón P, Sisó-Almirall A, Flores-Chavez A, Retamozo S, Ramos-Casals M. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2021 Jun;39(3):676–87.[2]Wack S, Patton T, Ferris LK. COVID-19 vaccine safety and efficacy in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease: Review of available evidence. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 Nov;85(5):1274–84.AcknowledgementsThe authors thank all members of the COVAD study group for their invaluable role in the collection of data. The authors thank all respondents for filling the questionnaire. The authors thank The Myositis Association, Myositis India, Myositis UK, the Myositis Global Network, Cure JM, Cure IBM, Sjögren’s India Foundation, EULAR PARE, and various other patient support groups and organizations for their invaluable contribution in the dissemination of this survey among patients which made the data collection possible. The authors also thank all members of the COVAD study group.Disclosure of InterestsLatika Gupta: None declared, Leonardo Santos Hoff: None declared, Naveen R: None declared, Parikshit Sen: None declared, Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo: None declared, Jessica Day Grant/research support from: JD has received research funding from CSL Limited, James B. Lilleker: None declared, Vishwesh Agarwal: None declared, Sinan Kardes: None declared, Minchul Kim: None declared, Ashima Makol: None declared, Marcin Milchert: None declared, Tamer A Gheita: None declared, Babur Salim: None declared, Tsvetelina Velikova: None declared, Abraham Edgar Gracia-Ramos: None declared, Ioannis Parodis Speakers bureau: IP has received research funding and/or honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Elli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novartis and F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG., Consultant of: IP has received research funding and/or honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Elli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novartis and F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG., Grant/research support from: IP has received research funding and/or honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Elli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novartis and F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG., Albert Selva-O’Callaghan: None declared, Elena Nikiphorou Speakers bureau: EN has received speaker honoraria/participated in advisory boards for Celltrion, Pfizer, Sanofi, Gilead, Galapagos, AbbVie, Lilly, Consultant of: EN has received speaker honoraria/participated in advisory boards for Celltrion, Pfizer, Sanofi, Gilead, Galapagos, AbbVie, Lilly, Grant/research support from: EN holds research grants from Pfizer and Lilly., Tulika Chatterjee: None declared, Ai Lyn Tan Speakers bureau: ALT has received honoraria for advisory boards and speaking for Abbvie, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB., Consultant of: ALT has received honoraria for advisory boards and speaking for Abbvie, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB., Arvind Nune: None declared, Lorenzo Cavagna: None declared, Miguel A Saavedra: None declared, Nelly Ziade Speakers bureau: NZ has received speaker fees, advisory board fees and research grants from Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, NewBridge, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Pierre Fabre; none is related to this manuscript, Consultant of: NZ has received speaker fees, advisory board fees and research grants from Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, NewBridge, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Pierre Fabre; none is related to this manuscript, Grant/research support from: NZ has received speaker fees, advisory board fees and research grants from Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, NewBridge, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Pierre Fabre; none is related to this manuscript, Johannes Knitza: None declared, Masataka Kuwana: None declared, Oliver Distler Speakers bureau: OD has/had consultancy relationship with and/or has received research funding from or has served as a speaker for the following companies in the area of potential treatments for systemic sclerosis and its complications in the last three years: Abbvie, Acceleron, Alcimed, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx, Baecon, Blade, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, ChemomAb, Corbus, CSL Behring, Galapagos, Glenmark, GSK, Horizon (Curzion), Inventiva, iQvia, Kymera, Lupin, Medac, Medscape, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, Roche, Roivant, Sanofi, Serodapharm, Topadur and UCB. Patent issued “mir-29 for the treatment of systemic sclerosis” (US8247389, EP2331143)., Consultant of: OD has/had consultancy relationship with and/or has received research funding from or has served as a speaker for the following companies in the area of potential treatments for systemic sclerosis and its complications in the last three years: Abbvie, Acceleron, Alcimed, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx, Baecon, Blade, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, ChemomAb, Corbus, CSL Behring, Galapagos, Glenmark, GSK, Horizon (Curzion), Inventiva, iQvia, Kymera, Lupin, Medac, Medscape, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, Roche, Roivant, Sanofi, Serodapharm, Topadur and UCB. Patent issued “mir-29 for the treatment of systemic sclerosis” (US8247389, EP2331143)., Grant/research support from: OD has/had consultancy relationship with and/or has received research funding from or has served as a speaker for the following companies in the area of potential treatments for systemic sclerosis and its complications in the last three years: Abbvie, Acceleron, Alcimed, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx, Baecon, Blade, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, ChemomAb, Corbus, CSL Behring, Galapagos, Glenmark, GSK, Horizon (Curzion), Inventiva, iQvia, Kymera, Lupin, Medac, Medscape, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, Roche, Roivant, Sanofi, Serodapharm, Topadur and UCB. Patent issued “mir-29 for the treatment of systemic sclerosis” (US8247389, EP2331143)., Hector Chinoy Speakers bureau: HC has been a speaker for UCB, Biogen., Consultant of: HC has received consulting fees from Novartis, Eli Lilly, Orphazyme, Astra Zeneca, Grant/research support from: HC has received grant support from Eli Lilly and UCB, Vikas Agarwal: None declared, Rohit Aggarwal Consultant of: RA has/had a consultancy relationship with and/or has received research funding from the following companies-Bristol Myers-Squibb, Pfizer, Genentech, Octapharma, CSL Behring, Mallinckrodt, AstraZeneca, Corbus, Kezar, and Abbvie, Janssen, Alexion, Argenx, Q32, EMD-Serono, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roivant., Grant/research support from: RA has/had a consultancy relationship with and/or has received research funding from the following companies-Bristol Myers-Squibb, Pfizer, Genentech, Octapharma, CSL Behring, Mallinckrodt, AstraZeneca, Corbus, Kezar, and Abbvie, Janssen, Alexion, Argenx, Q32, EMD-Serono, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roivant.

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Thorp, K. E., and James A. Thorp. "COVID-19 and the Unraveling of Experimental Medicine - Part I." Gazette of Medical Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 15–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46766/thegms.pubheal.22012306.

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Two years into the pandemic, with the number of deaths over five million globally and vaccine-resistant variants continuing to multiply, scientists are in the midst of the most dangerous and ill-conceived experiment in the history of medicine. Pinning their hopes on the success of new mRNA-based vaccines that stretch all conventional notions of a vaccine, and which were hastily released without adequate efficacy and safety trials, they seek to take the wind out of the sails of a full-blown pandemic without fully understanding either the means by which individuals develop resistance to the coronavirus or by which herd immunity is attained.

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Tani, Chiara, Federico Pratesi, Rosaria Talarico, Chiara Cardelli, Teresita Caruso, Federica Di Cianni, Elenia Laurino, et al. "Efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in systemic autoimmune disorders: induction of high avidity and neutralising anti-RBD antibodies." RMD Open 7, no. 3 (December 2021): e001914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001914.

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ObjectivesIn patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders (SARDs), vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines has been proposed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immune response elicited by vaccination with mRNA vaccine, testing IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and measuring neutralising antibodies.MethodsIgG, IgM and IgA anti-RBD antibodies were measured in 101 patients with SARDs. Antibodies inhibiting the interaction between RBD and ACE2 were evaluated. Antibody avidity was tested in a chaotropic ELISA using urea. Twenty-one healthcare workers vaccinated with mRNA vaccine served as control group.ResultsAnti-RBD IgG and IgA were produced after the first dose (69% and 64% of the patients) and after the boost (93% and 83%). Antibodies inhibiting the interaction of RBD with ACE2 were detectable in 40% of the patients after the first dose and 87% after boost, compared with 100% in healthy controls (p<0.01). Abatacept and mycophenolate had an impact on the titre of IgG anti-RBD antibodies (p<0.05 and p<0.005, respectively) and on the amount of neutralising antibodies. No effect of other therapies was observed. Vaccinated patients produce high avidity antibodies, as healthy controls.ConclusionsThese data show that double-dose vaccination induced in patients with SARDs anti-RBD IgG and IgA antibodies in amounts not significantly different from controls, and, most interestingly, characterised by high avidity and endowed with neutralising activity.

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Mohd Asri, Nur Ain, Keh Min Xuan, Rafeah Suppian, Norazmi Mohd Nor, Maryam Azlan, and Frank Camacho. "Tuberculosis (TB) Mucosal Vaccines: Current Efforts and Future Approaches." Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine 6, S1 (November 10, 2022): 190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.582.

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It is now known that the existing vaccination, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), is unable to stop the global Tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, and TB continues to pose a serious threat to public health [1]. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causing agent, enters the body by inhalation, causing TB predominantly a respiratory infection [1]. Therefore, there is solid evidence to support the idea that a mucosally administered TB vaccination would be more successful than one administered systemically. Our team in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) has been working with several organisations in conjunction with Malaysia’s National Vaccine Roadmap (PPVN) to address this problem as well as the government's goal to produce vaccines that are high-quality, efficient, and secure following the guidelines established by the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA). Therefore, the development of TB mucosal vaccines over the past few years for worldwide as well as in USM is outlined in this presentation. It aims to discuss immunological and practical factors in the development of mucosal vaccines and emphasises some of the current and future approaches in USM. As a result, it is acknowledged globally that matching the path of infection with the path of immunisation is an appealing strategy for the development of TB vaccines. Several approaches have been made in USM to produce a vaccine candidate that significantly induces mucosal immunity. The design of the study showed the manipulation of IgA, which is a hallmark of mucosal immunity, with multi-epitopes of TB to produce IgA: TB recombinant protein by using goat’s milk as a bioreactor. The concept of oral immunisation in-vivo also is an important approach in our effort to maximise the production of the immune system at the point of entry of bacteria. In a conclusion, as a boost to a prior respiratory or systemic immunisation, the mucosal method might be more effective. In addition to systemic immunity obtained by injected vaccines, vaccines to induce pathogen-specific IgA are being developed to provide a first line of defence at these entry sites. Therefore, combining these concepts into developing new recombinant vaccine against TB would be a promising alternative.

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De La O Perez, Rodrigo, Yanping Chen, and Mingtao Zeng. "Host-targeted self-attenuated influenza virus as an effective nasal spray vaccine in aged population." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2023): 249.04. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.249.04.

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Abstract The elderly are at high risk for influenza infection and its complication. However, current inactivated influenza vaccines are often modestly immunogenic and show low protective immunity in the elderly, due to immunosenescence. New approaches are urgently needed for developing effective vaccines against influenza for the elderly. In current study, we have constructed new recombinant influenza viruses, named host-targeted self-attenuated influenza viruses (SAIVs), which can express functional mammalian species-specific artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs). The expression of these amiRNAs can inhibit expression of some host factors critical for influenza replication, and therefore the resultant recombinant influenza viruses are replication restricted and attenuated in the host cells. One of these SAIVs, which can express an amiRNA that inhibits expression of the host cellular Cdc2-like kinase 1 (CLK1), was produced in embryonic chicken eggs and evaluated in an aged mouse model of influenza infection. It elicited robust antibody and T cell responses against influenza virus and demonstrated significantly protective efficacy against lethal infection with wild type influenza virus H1N1 PR8 after single dose of intranasal vaccination. Our research finding provided a proof of concept that the new host targeted self-attenuated influenza virus can be further used as an effective vaccine against influenza in aged population. Supported by a research grant from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI133207).

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Hitchon, C., R. Marrie, C. N. Bernstein, J. Kim, and S. Obrien. "POS1210 SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY OF COVID-19 VACCINES IN PATIENTS WITH IMMUNE MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 933.2–934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1267.

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BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccination strategies have evolved with increasing vaccine availability and emerging vaccine safety data. While data on immunogenicity and safety of COVID vaccination strategies exists, there is limited data for people with immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) such as inflammatory arthritis (IA), systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and multiple sclerosis (MS).ObjectivesIn IMID patients treated with homologous or heterogeneous COVID vaccines, to compare post vaccine IMID disease activity and COVID antibody responses.MethodsBetween March 2021 and Dec 2021, patients with IA (n= 70; 77% rheumatoid arthritis), SARD (n=82; 70% lupus), IBD (n= 92; 40% crohn’s), and MS (n= 71; 77% RRMS) self-reported COVID illness and exposure risks, and disease activity prior to and 1 month post both COVID-19 vaccinations (V1 and V2). Disease activity was assessed by the Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ) for SARDs, the RAPID-3 and RA flate index for IA, the IBD Symptoms Inventory-short form (IBDSI) and IBD flare index for IBD and the 25 meter walk and 9 hole peg test and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) for MS. Patient reported flare state was assessed using the relevant questions these indices (SLAQ “Have you had a flare?”; RA Flare index “Are you in a flare?”; IBD flare “My IBD is sometimes to continously active“). Disease activity and serum anti-spike, anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid (NC) IgG antibody titers at 30 days post V2 were compared across vaccine courses and to age-sex matched vaccinated blood donor controls (CNTS).ResultsPatients were predominantly female (79.7%), with a mean (standard deviation-sd) age of 56 (15) years; 8% had suspected or diagnosed COVID-19 illness; 1.2% positive anti-NC (Table 1). For all IMIDS, the majority received mRNA vaccines-BNT162b2 (BNT) or mRNA1273 (V1 74%; V2 97%;) the rest received ChAdOx1 viral vector vaccines; 71% received homologogous vaccines (ChAdOx1-ChAdOx n=6; BNT-BNT n=174; mRNA1271-mRNA1273 n=21; ChAdOx1-BNT n=36; ChAdOx1- mRNA1273 n=30; BNT-mRNA1273 n=15; mRNA1273-BNT n=3; other n=4). For most IMIDs, disease activity was similar before and after each vaccination. Post V2 disease activity did not differ between homologous versus heterologous vaccines nor by vaccine type (RAPID3; SLAQ, 25 meter walk and 9 hole peg test and EDSS overall and subscales, IBDSI overall and subscales all p=NS). In 254 IMIDs, most seroconverted (anti-spike 86%; anti-RBD 96%). Seroconversion rates for CNTS were 98.1% for anti-Spike and 3.5% for anti-NC. Antibody titers were higher following homologous mRNA (BNT or mRNA12723) than homologous vector vaccine (Figure 1). For IMIDs primed with ChAdOx vector vaccine, boosting with BNT or mRNA1273 generated similarly increased anti-Spike and anti-RBD titers.Table 1.All IMIDsIASARDIBDMSAge (mean (sd) years)56(15)63(12)56(14)54(16)51(17)Female (%)8084906483COVID risk exposure (%) Any4439465044 Contact1412141221 Travel66666 HCW/hospitalized151516209 Other risk9610128V1 mRNA (%)7480688264V2 mRNA (%)9798969699Homologous V1 V2 (%)7179677464Flare status post V2 (%)101560-Seroconversion (%) Anti-Spike8990869384 Anti-RBD9192869688Figure 1.Post vaccine antibody titersConclusionHeterologous COVID vaccination improves seroconversion rates following a viral vector vaccine and does not lead to disease flare in most IMID patients. While data is needed to assess vaccine effectiveness, duration of immunogenicity and effects of subsequent vaccination, this work supports mixing COVID vaccines for IMID patients.AcknowledgementsStudy funded by Research ManitobaDisclosure of InterestsNone declared

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Mukhtar, Ahmad Faiq, Azidah Abdul Kadir, Norhayati Mohd Noor, and Ahmad Hazim Mohammad. "Knowledge and Attitude on Childhood Vaccination among Healthcare Workers in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia." Vaccines 10, no. 7 (June 24, 2022): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071017.

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(1) Background: Vaccine hesitancy is recognized as an important issue globally and healthcare workers (HCWs) have a powerful influence on the public. Recent studies have reported that there are increasing numbers of vaccine hesitancies among HCWs. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitudes on childhood vaccinations among HCWs in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). (2) Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among one hundred and ninety-eight HCWs in HUSM, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan who were selected via convenient sampling. Data on their socio-demographic details, working experience, and main source of information regarding childhood vaccination were collected. A validated, Malay version of the knowledge and attitude on childhood vaccination (KACV) questionnaire was used during the study. (3) Results: Female (OR (95% CI):3.15, (1.39, 7.12), p < 0.05) and a higher education level (degree and above) (OR (95% CI): 2.36 (1.14, 4.89), p < 0.05) are significantly associated with good knowledge. Respondents with a history of side effects of the vaccines among their relatives were about 66% less likely to have good knowledge (OR (95% CI): 0.342 (0.16, 0.73), p < 0.05). A positive attitude towards childhood vaccination was significantly associated with a higher level of education participants, who had significantly better knowledge than participants with a lower education level (OR (95% CI): 3.81, (1.92, 7.57), p < 0.001). On the contrary, participants having direct contact with patients were less likely to have a good attitude towards childhood vaccination (OR (95% CI): 0.207 (0.043, 0.10), p < 0.05), and those with a history of severe side effects of the vaccines among their relatives were also significantly associated with a poor attitude towards childhood vaccination (OR (95% CI: 0.342 (0.16, 0.76), p < 0.05).; (4) Conclusions: The survey findings showed a good level of knowledge and a good attitude of participants towards childhood vaccination. Good knowledge is important for the HCWs to have a favourable attitude to educate the general population on childhood vaccination.

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Ravichandran, Manickam, Tew Hui Xian, Guruswamy Prabhakaran, Subramani Parasuraman, and Mohd Nor Norazmi. "Live, Genetically Attenuated, Cold-Chain-Free Cholera Vaccine—A Research and Development Journey: Light at the End of a Long Tunnel." Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 29, no. 2 (April 21, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.2.1.

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Cholera, a diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) O139 and O1 strains, remains a public health problem. The existing World Health Organization (WHO)- licenced, killed, multiple-dose oral cholera vaccines demand ‘cold-chain supply’ at 2 °C–8 °C. Therefore, a live, single-dose, cold-chain-free vaccine would relieve significant bottlenecks and costs of cholera vaccination campaigns. Our cholera vaccine development journey started in 2000 at Universiti Sains Malaysia with isolation of the hemA gene from V. cholerae, followed by development of a gene mutant vaccine candidate VCUSM2 against V. cholerae O139 in 2006. In 2010, VCUSM2 reactogenicity was reduced by replacing its two wild-type ctxA gene copies with mutated ctxA to produce strain VCUSM14. Introducing the hemA gene into VCUSM14 created VCUSM14P, a strain with the 5- aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) prototrophic trait and excellent colonisation and immunological properties (100% protection to wild-type challenged rabbits). It was further refined in Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST University), with completion of single- and repeated-dose toxicity evaluations in 2019 in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, followed by development of a novel cold-chain-free VCUSM14P formulation in 2020. VCUSM14P is unique for its intact cholera toxin B, a known mucosal adjuvant. The built-in adjuvant makes VCUSM14P an ideal vaccine delivery platform for emerging diseases (e.g. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] and tuberculosis). Our vaccine formulation mimics natural infection, remains non-reactogenic and immunogenic in vivo, and protects against infection and disease. It will also cost less and be less cumbersome to distribute due to its stability at room temperature. These features could revolutionise the outreach of this and other vaccines to meet global immunisation programmes, particularly in low-resourced areas. The next stage of our journey will be meeting the requisite regulatory requirements to produce the vaccine for rollout to countries where it is most needed.

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Ieremia, Lanaiah M., Ke Wen, Haiyan Wang, Yanping Chen, Huixiao Yang, Zhichao Zheng, Yongyong Yan, Adilene Realivazquez Pena, and Mingtao Zeng. "Host-targeted self-attenuated influenza virus as a potential therapeutic influenza vaccine." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2022): 172.05. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.172.05.

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Abstract Influenza is still one of leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world, despite of annual influenza immunization in many countries. New strategies are urgently needed for developing effective vaccines and therapeutics against influenza viruses. In this study, we have constructed new recombinant influenza viruses, named host-targeted self-attenuated influenza viruses (SAIVs), which can express functional mammalian species-specific artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs). The expression of these amiRNAs can inhibit expression of some host factors critical for influenza replication, and therefore the resultant recombinant influenza viruses are replication restricted and attenuated in the host cells. One of these SAIVs, which can express an amiRNA that inhibits expression of the host cellular Cdc2-like kinase 1 (CLK1), was produced in embryonic chicken eggs and evaluated in a mouse model of influenza infection. It elicited robust antibody responses against influenza virus and demonstrated significantly protective efficacy against lethal infection with wild type influenza virus H1N1 PR8 after single dose of intranasal vaccination. Additionally, post-exposure treatment with this CLK1-targeted SAIV showed therapeutic effect against PR8 lethal-dose infection. Our research finding provided a proof of concept that the new host targeted self-attenuated influenza virus can be further developed to a therapeutic vaccine for prophylactic and therapeutic use against influenza. Supported by a research grant from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI133207).

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Hamzah, Mohd Hafiz, and Ramiza Ramza Ramli. "Bell’s Palsy Following Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccination." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 6 (March 13, 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v6i0.432.

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COVID-19 is the latest pandemic announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Immunity can be achieved by preventive immunisation of the population. Pfizer–BioNTech COVID- 19 vaccine is the first vaccine produced and safely used for the public with an efficacy rate of 95% in the prevention of COVID-19. Despite the excellent efficacy, adverse effects of the vaccine, although rare, should be monitored. Bell’s palsy following COVID-19 vaccination is a very rare adverse effect reported. A healthy 38-year-old Malay lady came to the emergency department Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) complaining of sudden onset left-sided facial asymmetry three hours after she received the second dose of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Facial examination showed left facial nerve palsy (House Brackmann grade 2). She was treated for left Bell’s palsy post COVID-19 vaccination; she was prescribed oral prednisolone and referred to a physiotherapist for facial exercise. After two weeks, Bell's palsy was completely resolved. Bell’s palsy following COVID-19 vaccination is a very rare adverse effect reported. Despite this rarity, the incidents of Bell’s palsy were cited as medically attended adverse events (MAAE) during the Pfizer– BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial. In our case, the timing and onset of the patient's symptoms and signs suggested that it was an adverse effect related to the vaccination. Currently, the mechanism of COVID-19 vaccines causing facial nerve palsy is unclear and warrants further investigation. Bell’s palsy associated with COVID-19 vaccination is a very rare adverse effect, which fortunately can be treated with oral steroids. Despite that, the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the risks, in the quest to curb this devastating pandemic.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2022 Page: S42

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Farhana, Abu Hanifah, Nik Rafiza Afendi, Noor Adibah Hanum Che Hashim, Ahmad Amir Ismail, Mohamad Erinna Zon, and Abd Rahim Rahimah. "Knowledge, acceptance and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia: Across-sectional study." Malaysian Family Physician 19 (June 18, 2024): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51866/oa.533.

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Introduction: This prospective cross-sectional study, conducted from 1 April 2022 to 31 October 2022, aimed to assess the knowledge, acceptance and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women visiting the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Methods: The study included all pregnant women aged ≥18 years. Sociodemographic data, information related to COVID-19 and vaccination and information on the knowledge, acceptance and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination were collected using a validated questionnaire. Results: Out of 420 eligible pregnant women, 412 participated in the study, yielding a response rate of 98.1%. Of the respondents, 97.1% had received a COVID-19 vaccine, while 2.9% had not. Approximately 85.2% demonstrated a good understanding of COVID-19 vaccination. Among those vaccinated, 76.8% based their decision on recommendations from healthcare providers or the Ministry of Health. Among those unvaccinated, 91.7% believed that COVID-19 vaccines could harm their pregnancy and baby. Although 51% of the respondents expressed concerns about vaccine safety, 202 still chose to be vaccinated, indicating a willingness to prioritise their health despite apprehensions. Conclusion: The study found no significant link between acceptance and good knowledge of COVID-19 vaccination. However, income and prior COVID-19 booster vaccination were strongly associated with acceptance. Despite safety concerns, 97.1% of the respondents had received a COVID-19 vaccine. This emphasises the importance of providing comprehensive information and addressing concerns to support informed decision-making among pregnant women. Healthcare providers play a vital role in guiding them through this crucial decision-making process.

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Shaharir, S. S., B. Doskaliuk, N. Ravichandran, J. Day, P. Sen, S. Katsuyuki Shinjo, M. Joshi, et al. "AB1312 MYOSITIS PATIENTS WITHOUT AUTOIMMUNE MULTIMORBIDITY AT LOWER RISK OF DELAYED ONSET COVID-19 VACCINE ADVERSE EVENTS THAN OTHER AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: RESULTS FROM THE COVAD STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1885.1–1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.3511.

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BackgroundLimited data on the delayed onset effects of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) continues to be a significant cause of hesitancy in this vulnerable group.ObjectivesTo analyze the delayed onset adverse events (ADEs) of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with IIMs, other systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disorders (SAIDs), and healthy controls (HCs), using data from the ongoing 2nd COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) study.MethodsA validated patient self-reporting e-survey was circulated by the international COVAD study group (157 collaborators, 106 countries) from Feb to June 2022, collecting respondent demographics, comorbidities, IIM/SAID details, COVID-19 infection history and outcomes, and vaccination details including ADEs. Delayed onset (> 7 day) ADEs (including minor and major ADEs and hospitalizations) were analyzed in patients with IIMs, SAIDs, and HCs, using various regression models.Results15,165 total respondents completed the survey, of whom 8759 complete responses from vaccinated individuals [median age 46 (35-58) years, 74.4% females, 45.4% Caucasians] were included in the analysis. Of these, 1390 (15.9%) had IIMs, 50.6% other SAIDs, and 33.5% were HCs.16.3% of IIMs patients reported minor ADEs, and 10.2% experienced major ADEs, and 2.9% required hospitalization. Patients with IIMs had a lower risk of minor ADEs than other SAIDs, though a higher risk of rashes compared to HCs [OR 4.0 (2.2-7.0), p<0.001]. In the IIMs subgroup, patients with active disease, overlap myositis, and ChadOx1 nCOV-19 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) recipients were at a higher risk of ADEs, while those with inclusion body myositis, and BNT162b2 (Pfizer) vaccine recipients were comparatively protected.Patients with IIMs with co-existing SAIDs were at a higher risk of minor [OR 5.2 (3.3-8.2), p<0.001] and major ADEs [OR 2.1 (1.2-3.8), p<0.05] compared to those with IIMs alone.ConclusionPatients with IIMs were at a lower risk of delayed onset COVID-19 vaccine ADEs compared to other SAIDs, though within this patient group, those with active disease, overlap myositis and autoimmune multimorbidity were vulnerable, and warrant close monitoring and long term follow up post COVID-19 vaccination.Reference[1]Furer V, Eviatar T, Zisman D, Peleg H, Paran D, Levartovsky D, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases and in the general population: a multicentre study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Oct;80(10):1330–8.AcknowledgementsCOVAD Study Team.Disclosure of InterestsSyahrul Sazliyana Shaharir Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Novartis, Bohdana Doskaliuk: None declared, Naveen Ravichandran: None declared, Jessica Day Grant/research support from: CSL Limited, Parikshit Sen: None declared, Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo: None declared, Mrudula Joshi: None declared, Nelly Ziade Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, NewBridge, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, and Pierre Fabre, Consultant of: Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, NewBridge, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, and Pierre Fabre, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, NewBridge, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, and Pierre Fabre, Tsvetelina Velikova Speakers bureau: Pfizer and AstraZeneca, Marcin Milchert: None declared, Sreoshy Saha: None declared, Johannes Knitza: None declared, Ashima Makol: None declared, Kshitij Jagtap: None declared, Vishwesh Agarwal: None declared, Dzifa Dey: None declared, Carlos Enrique Toro Gutierrez: None declared, Carlo Vinicio Caballero: None declared, Vikas Agarwal: None declared, Rohit Aggarwal Consultant of: Bristol Myers-Squibb, Pfizer, Genentech, Octapharma, CSL Behring, Mallinckrodt, AstraZeneca, Corbus, Kezar, Abbvie, Janssen, Kyverna Alexion, Argenx, Q32, EMD-Serono, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roivant, Merck, Galapagos, Actigraph, Scipher, Horizon Therapeutics, Teva, Beigene, ANI Pharmaceuticals, Biogen, Nuvig, Capella Bioscience, and CabalettaBio., Grant/research support from: Bristol Myers-Squibb, Pfizer, Genentech, Octapharma, CSL Behring, Mallinckrodt, AstraZeneca, Corbus, Kezar, Abbvie, Janssen, Kyverna Alexion, Argenx, Q32, EMD-Serono, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roivant, Merck, Galapagos, Actigraph, Scipher, Horizon Therapeutics, Teva, Beigene, ANI Pharmaceuticals, Biogen, Nuvig, Capella Bioscience, and CabalettaBio., Latika Gupta: None declared.

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DiIorio, Michael, Kevin Kennedy, Jean W. Liew, Michael S. Putman, Emily Sirotich, Sebastian E. Sattui, Gary Foster, et al. "Prolonged COVID-19 symptom duration in people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Vaccine Survey." RMD Open 8, no. 2 (September 2022): e002587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002587.

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ObjectiveWe investigated prolonged COVID-19 symptom duration, defined as lasting 28 days or longer, among people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs).MethodsWe analysed data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Vaccine Survey (2 April 2021–15 October 2021) to identify people with SARDs reporting test-confirmed COVID-19. Participants reported COVID-19 severity and symptom duration, sociodemographics and clinical characteristics. We reported the proportion experiencing prolonged symptom duration and investigated associations with baseline characteristics using logistic regression.ResultsWe identified 441 respondents with SARDs and COVID-19 (mean age 48.2 years, 83.7% female, 39.5% rheumatoid arthritis). The median COVID-19 symptom duration was 15 days (IQR 7, 25). Overall, 107 (24.2%) respondents had prolonged symptom duration (≥28 days); 42/429 (9.8%) reported symptoms lasting ≥90 days. Factors associated with higher odds of prolonged symptom duration included: hospitalisation for COVID-19 vs not hospitalised and mild acute symptoms (age-adjusted OR (aOR) 6.49, 95% CI 3.03 to 14.1), comorbidity count (aOR 1.11 per comorbidity, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.21) and osteoarthritis (aOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.27). COVID-19 onset in 2021 vs June 2020 or earlier was associated with lower odds of prolonged symptom duration (aOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.81).ConclusionMost people with SARDs had complete symptom resolution by day 15 after COVID-19 onset. However, about 1 in 4 experienced COVID-19 symptom duration 28 days or longer; 1 in 10 experienced symptoms 90 days or longer. Future studies are needed to investigate the possible relationships between immunomodulating medications, SARD type/flare, vaccine doses and novel viral variants with prolonged COVID-19 symptoms and other postacute sequelae of COVID-19 among people with SARDs.

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Zaid, Siti Nur Aisyah, Hasni Embong, and Norhasmah Mohd Zain. "COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Among Pregnant Women in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia." Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine 6, S1 (November 10, 2022): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.576.

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Many reports recently showed the worried outcomes such as neonatal pneumonia, preterm birth, postpartum infections to the mother, and COVID-19 vertical transmission to the foetus happened in pregnancy [1,5-6]. COVID-19 vaccination is an effective and safe approach to controlling the pandemic and decreasing associated morbidity and mortality [2]. Pregnant women are more likely develop more severe symptoms of COVID-19 than their non-pregnant peers [3]. Also, there is still less study conducted in Malaysia to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate among pregnant women in Hospital USM. Initially, 367 respondents estimated using Raosoft Software but only 254 were recruited using simple random sampling method. The link of the questionnaire was given through a WhatsApp platform. The questionnaire used were adapted from Goncu Ayhan [4] consists of three parts: sociodemographic data, acceptance rates of COVID-19 vaccine and the reasons for refusing the COVID-19 vaccine. The questionnaire was translated to Bahasa Malaysia, checked by the Language Unit USM, and validated by the experts, three nursing lecturers. The Cronbach Alpha result from the pilot test was 0.744. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS system version 26.0 and the significant level (α value) was set at 5% for all statistical analyses. All null hypotheses will be rejected if (p<0.05). The Descriptive Analysis test and the Pearson Chi-Square test were used to analyse the data. Both Human Research Ethics Committee USM and Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department in Hospital USM have approved this study. No conflict of interest in the study. A total of 254 pregnant women, most of them being 198 were aged 20 to 35, 246 were Malays, 180 respondents with college/university education, and 110 housewives. The 68 prevalence of participants' household incomes ranged from RM1000 to RM1999 and RM4000-RM4999, and their gravida and parity are primarily at 2-3 times, with the majority occurring between 20 and 30 weeks of gestation (Table 1). This study included only 58 pregnant women who had comorbidities during their pregnancy. The results revealed pregnant women in Hospital USM had moderate acceptance of COVID-19 (M=70.00, SD=14.629) with a minimal percentage of 55% and a maximal percentage of 82%. It was revealed that 174 (68.5%) showed moderate acceptance while 42 (16.5%) showed high acceptance. Meanwhile, only 38 (15%) indicate low acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The main reasons for them to refuse the vaccine were lack of data on the safety of the COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women, they believed that if they are sick, both mother and baby will not encounter any negative effects, and some of the family members were hesitant to be vaccinated. This study also examined the correlation between the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate and sociodemographic factors using Pearson's Chi- Square test. There was a significant correlation between age, educational level, career, household income, gravida, and parity with the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates (p<0.05). Yet, there was no significant correlation between ethnicity, gestational age, or comorbidities with the acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine. In conclusion, the acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women needs to be increased to reduce the risk of worse complications if contracting the COVID-19 disease. Health education regarding the importance of the COVID-19 vaccine can be delivered during every antenatal visit. Since this study was conducted in hospital settings which include clinics, the pregnant women shall be familiar with the updated regulations of the health systems. This benefits the nurses to increase their efforts for pregnant women to accept those two doses followed by taking the booster willingly. If this succeeds, the risk of them contracting the coronavirus disease and getting complications from it will be eliminated.

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Che Mood, Nur Azreen, Zainab Mat Yudin, Wan Muhamad Amir W. Ahmad, Azidah Abdul Kadir, Mohd Noor Norhayati, Noorfaizahtul Hanim Md Nawawi, Erinna Mohamad Zon, and Norsiah Ali. "Validation of the questionnaire “Pregnancy Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (pVHS)” toward COVID-19 vaccine for Malaysian pregnant women." PeerJ 12 (March 25, 2024): e17134. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17134.

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Background Pregnancy is one of the risks for severe COVID-19 infection, and receiving a vaccination is one of the effective methods to reduce disease severity. However, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women remains an issue. This study aims to develop and validate the pregnancy Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (pVHS) toward COVID-19 vaccine for Malaysian pregnant women. Method An 8-item Malay language pregnancy Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (pVHS-M) for COVID-19 was adapted from the adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale and validated using Exploratory Factor Analysis. Six expert panels were involved in content validity, and ten pregnant women were involved in face validity. A cross-sectional study on 200 pregnant women was conducted between October 2022 and March 2023 at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan. Result The item-level content validity index is 1.00, demonstrating good relevance of the eight items used to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The item-level face validity index obtained is 0.99, indicating that the items were clear and comprehensible. The Cronbach alpha score was 0.944, with factor loadings ranging from 0.79 to 0.89. Conclusion The pVHS-M demonstrated good internal consistency, indicating that it is a valid and reliable tool for assessing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women.

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Lee, I. P., F. Y. Wu, C. F. Su, S. H. Lin, and Y. S. Chang. "POS0966 THE RISK OF INFLUENZA IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES- FOCUS ON PRIMARY SJOGREN’S SYNDROME, POLYMYOSITIS/DERMATOMYOSITIS AND SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 796.2–797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.3374.

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BackgroundInfluenza vaccine is recommended in patients with most systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). However, the risk of influenza was less studied in the SARDs other than rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the risks of influenza-related hospitalization in patients with SARDs, including primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS), polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM), systemic sclerosis (SSc), RA and SLE.MethodsThis is a nationwide population-based cohort study analyzing the National Health Insurance Database in Taiwan. Patients with catastrophic certification of each SARD were identified. The risks of influenza-related hospitalization in patients with each SARD were compared with their age- and sex-matched non-AIIRD cohort (1:2). Incidence rates (IR) with incidence rate ratios (IRR) in various AIIRDs were analyzed.ResultsTotally, 48,905 patients with RA, 24,143 patients with SLE, 16,891 patients with pSS, 2,633 patients with SSc and 2561 patients with PM/DM were identified, with basic characteristics shown in table 1. The IR of hospitalization due to influenza was highest in patients with PM/DM (Figure 1) followed by pSS, SSc, SLE and RA. In comparison with their age- and sex-matched controls, the risk was highest in patients with PM/DM with an IRR of 16.83, followed by patients with SSc, pSS, SLE and RA.ConclusionPatients with PM/DM, SSc, pSS, RA and SLE had significant increased risk of influenza-related hospitalization. In comparison with each matched controls, PM/DM, SSc and pSS cohorts had even higher IRR than that of the SLE and RA cohorts, whose risks of influenza and the benefit of vaccination were well-known. Considering the risk, patients with these SARDs should follow the recommendations to have influenza vaccine every year and further study about the benefit of vaccine in patients with DM/PM, SSc and pSS are needed.Table 1.Clinical characteristics of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases and the age- and sex-matched cohortsVariablesPatients with autoimmune diseasesAge- and sex-matched controlspvalueRheumatoid arthritisn =48905n =97810Mean age (SD), years52.50(15.61)52.52(16.61)0.813Female, n (%)37659(77.0%))75318(77.0%)1Influenza, n (%)291(0.60%)297(0.30%)<0.001Systemic lupus erythematosusn =24143n =48286Mean age (SD), years35.56(15.84)35.56(15.84)0.952Female, n (%)21308(88.3%)42616(88.3%)1Influenza, n (%)170(0.70%)99(0.21%)<0.001Systemic sclerosisn =2633n =5266Mean age (SD), years50.04(49.44)50.02(49.60)0.965Female, n (%)1979(75.2%)3958(75.2%)1Influenza, n (%)25(0.95%)9(0.17%)<0.001Sjogren’s syndromen =16891n =33782Mean age (SD), years54.21(14.35)54.19(14.35)0.848Female, n (%)15025(89.0%)30050(89.0%)1Influenza, n (%)108(0.64%)97(0.29%)<0.001Polymyositis/Dermatomyositisn =2561n =5122Mean age (SD), years46.56(18.09)46.57(18.10)0.969Female, n (%)1714(66.9%)3428(66.9%)1Influenza, n (%)27(1.05%)6(0.12%)<0.001REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

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Doskaliuk, B., P. Sen, M. Joshi, N. Ravichandran, A. L. Tan, S. Katsuyuki Shinjo, S. Saha, et al. "POS1259 SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS AND COVID-19 VACCINE-ASSOCIATED DELAYED ADVERSE EVENTS: INSIGHTS FROM THE COVAD-2 STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 972–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.4739.

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BackgroundWe have previously reported short term safety of the COVID-19 vaccination in patients with Systemic sclerosis (SSc) but delayed adverse events (ADEs) (occurring >7 days post-vaccination) are poorly characterized in this rare yet vulnerable disease group.ObjectivesWe analyzed delayed COVID-19 vaccine-related ADEs among patients with SSc, other systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disorders (SAIDs) and healthy controls (HC) using data from the ongoing 2ndglobal COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD-2) study [1].MethodsThe COVAD-2 study was a cross-sectional, patient self-reporting e-survey utilizing an extensively validated, pilot tested questionnaire, translated into 19 languages, circulated by a group of 157 physicians across 106 countries from February to June 2022.We captured data on demographics, SSc/SAID disease characteristics (including skin subset, treatment history and self-reported disease activity), autoimmune and non-autoimmune comorbidities, COVID-19 infection history and course, and vaccination details including delayed ADEs as defined by the CDC.Delayed ADEs were categorized into local injection site pain/soreness; minor and major systemic ADEs, and hospitalizations. We descriptively analyzed the risk factors for overall and specific ADEs in SSc and SAIDs, and further triangulated clinically significant variables in binominal logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, comorbidity, and immunosuppressive therapy to analyze the survey responses.ResultsFrom among 17 612 respondents, 10 041 patients (median age 51 (18-58) years, 73.4% females, 44.9% Caucasians) vaccinated against COVID-19 at least once (excluding incomplete responses and trial participants) were included for analysis. Of these, 2.6 % (n=258) had SSc, 63.7% other SAIDs, and 33.7% were HCs. BNT162b2 Pfizer (69.4%) was the most administered vaccine, followed by MRNA-1273 Moderna (32.25%) and ChadOx1 nCOV-19 Oxford/AstraZeneca (12.4%) vaccines.Among the patients with SSc, 18.9% reported minor while 8.5% experienced major delayed ADEs, and 4.6% reported hospitalization. These values were comparable to those of the ADEs reported in other SAIDs and HCs. Patients with SSc reported higher frequency of difficulty in breathing than HCs [OR=2.3 (1.0-5.1), p=0.042].Individuals receiving Oxford/AstraZeneca reported more minor ADEs [OR=2.5 (1.0-6.0), p=0.045]; whereas patients receiving Moderna were less likely to develop myalgia and body ache [OR=0.1 (0.02-1.0), p=0.047 and OR=0.2 (0.05-1.0), p=0.044 respectively].Patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc experienced minor ADEs and specifically fatigue more frequently [OR=2.1 (1.1-4.4), p=0.036, and OR=3.9 (1.3-11.7), p=0.015] than those with limited cutaneous SSc. Self-reported active disease pre-vaccination did not confer any increased risk of vaccine ADEs in the adjusted analysis. Unlike our previous observations in myositis, autoimmune and non-autoimmune comorbidities did not affect the risk of delayed ADEs in SSc. SSc patients with concomitant myositis reported myalgia [OR=3.4 (1.1-10.7), p=0.035] more frequently, while those with thyroid disorders were more prone to report a higher frequency of joint pain [OR=5.5 (1.5-20.2), p=0.009] and dizziness [OR=5.9 (1.3-27.6), p=0.024] than patients with SSc alone. Patients with SSc-interstitial lung disease did not report increased frequency of ADEs.ConclusionA diagnosis of SSc did not confer a higher risk of delayed post COVID-19 vaccine-related ADEs than other SAIDs and HCs. Diffuse cutaneous phenotype and certain co-existing autoimmune conditions including myositis and thyroid disease can increase the risk of minor ADEs. These patients may benefit from pre-vaccination counselling, close monitoring, and early initiation of appropriate care in the post COVID-19 vaccination period.Reference[1]Fazal ZZ, Sen P, Joshi M, Ravichandran N, Lilleker JB, et al. COVAD survey 2 long-term outcomes: unmet need and protocol. Rheumatol Int 2022 Dec; 42(12):2151-2158AcknowledgementsCOVAD Study Team.Disclosure of InterestsBohdana Doskaliuk: None declared, Parikshit Sen: None declared, Mrudula Joshi: None declared, Naveen Ravichandran: None declared, Ai Lyn Tan Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: Abbvie, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo: None declared, Sreoshy Saha: None declared, Nelly Ziade Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, NewBridge, Sanofi-Aventis,Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, and Pierre Fabre, Consultant of: Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Eli Lilly,NewBridge, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, and Pierre Fabre, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, NewBridge, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, and.Pierre Fabre, Tulika Chatterjee: None declared, Masataka Kuwana: None declared, Johannes Knitza: None declared, Oliver Distler Speakers bureau: 4P-Pharma, Abbvie, Acceleron, Alcimed, Altavant, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx, AstraZeneca, Baecon, Blade, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Corbus, CSL Behring, Galderma, Galapagos, Glenmark, Gossamer, iQvia, Horizon, Inventiva, Janssen, Kymera, Lupin, Medscape, Merck, Miltenyi Biotec, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, Prometheus, Redxpharma, Roivant, Sanofi and Topadur, Consultant of: 4P-Pharma, Abbvie, Acceleron, Alcimed, Altavant, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx, AstraZeneca, Baecon, Blade, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Corbus, CSL Behring, Galderma, Galapagos, Glenmark, Gossamer, iQvia, Horizon, Inventiva, Janssen, Kymera, Lupin, Medscape, Merck, Miltenyi Biotec, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, Prometheus, Redxpharma, Roivant, Sanofi and Topadur, Grant/research support from: 4P-Pharma, Abbvie, Acceleron, Alcimed, Altavant, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx, AstraZeneca, Baecon, Blade, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Corbus, CSL Behring, Galderma, Galapagos, Glenmark, Gossamer, iQvia, Horizon, Inventiva, Janssen, Kymera, Lupin, Medscape, Merck, Miltenyi Biotec, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, Prometheus, Redxpharma, Roivant, Sanofi and Topadur, Rohit Aggarwal Consultant of: Mallinckrodt, Octapharma, CSL Behring, Bristol Myers-Squibb, EMD Serono, Kezar, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Alexion, Argenx, Boehringer Ingelheim, Corbus, Janssen, Kyverna, Roivant, Merck, Galapagos, Actigraph, Abbvie, Scipher, Horizontal Therapeutics, Teva, Biogen, Beigene, ANI Pharmaceutical, Nuvig, Capella, CabalettaBio, Grant/research support from: Mallinckrodt, Pfizer, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Q32, EMD Serono, Janssen, Boehringer Ingelheim (BI), Ashima Makol: None declared, Latika Gupta: None declared, Vikas Agarwal: None declared.

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Geck, Leonie, Koray Tascilar, David Simon, Arnd Kleyer, Georg Schett, and Jürgen Rech. "Anti-Interleukin-1 Therapy Does Not Affect the Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Infection in Patients with Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2023): 7587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12247587.

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Patients with systemic autoinflammatory diseases (sAIDs) are a section of the population at high risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, but evidence on the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in this group of patients is scarce. To investigate the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with sAIDs receiving interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibition is important. Vaccination and infection responses from 100 sAID patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed. In total, 98% of patients were treated with IL-1 inhibitors at the time of vaccination (n = 98). After the second SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, sAID patients showed similar anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses (mean (standard deviation (SD)): 6.7 (2.7)) compared to HCs (5.7 (2.4)) as well as similar neutralizing antibodies (85.1 ± 22.9% vs. 82.5 ± 19.7%). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses and neutralizing antibodies were similar in sAID patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection and double vaccination. Furthermore, while antibodies increased after the first and second vaccination in sAID patients, they did not further increase after the third and fourth vaccination. No difference was found in antibody responses between anakinra and anti-IL-1 antibody treatment and the additional use of colchicine or other drugs did not impair vaccination responses. Primary and booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations led to protective antibody responses in sAID patients, which were at the same level of vaccination responses in HCs and in sAID patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immunomodulatory treatments used in sAID do not seem to affect antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

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Niang, M., M. Diallo, Ousmane Cissé, Mamadou Koné, M. Doucouré, Dominique Le Grand, Valérie Balcer, and Laurence Dedieu. "Transmission expérimentale de la péripneumonie contagieuse bovine par contact chez des zébus : étude des aspects cliniques et pathologiques de la maladie." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 57, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2004): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9908.

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Une reproduction expérimentale de péripneumonie contagieuse bovine (Ppcb) a été effectuée par mise en contact étroit de quatorze zébus sains avec 12 bovins N’Dama naturellement infectés, issus d’un foyer actif de Ppcb. Les zébus sains ont été obtenus de différents troupeaux indemnes de Ppcb et non vaccinés contre la maladie depuis plusieurs années. Quatre zébus témoins, n’ayant jamais été en contact avec l’agent pathogène Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony (MmmSC), ont été isolés. L’expérimentation a duré 12 mois pendant lesquels tous les animaux ont été suivis cliniquement et prélevés à intervalles réguliers pour les analyses sérologiques et bactériologiques. Une analyse post mortem a été réalisée sur tous les animaux afin de déceler des lésions caractéristiques de la Ppcb et de prélever des échantillons pour l’isolement de MmmSC. L’ensemble des résultats a montré l’efficacité de transmission de la Ppcb par contact. Les animaux ont été classés en trois groupes en fonction de l’intensité des signes cliniques et post mortem, et des résultats de laboratoire : forme aiguë avec deux morts (5/13), forme subaiguë à chronique (6/13) et forme résistante (2/13). Les animaux ayant cliniquement manifesté la maladie ont présenté des lésions nécropsiques variées (hépatisation, séquestres, liquide pleural, adhérence pulmonaire, cicatrices fibreuses, etc.) ainsi qu’une séroconversion. MmmSC a pu être isolé des poumons hépatisés et du contenu des séquestres. En revanche, deux animaux, classés résistants, n’ont jamais présenté de signes clinique ni sérologique. Les animaux témoins sont demeurés cliniquement sains durant toute la période d’expérimentation ; à l’autopsie aucune lésion caractéristique de la Ppcb n’a été notée et les analyses de laboratoire sont restées négatives. La présente étude confirme les observations antérieures selon lesquelles la Ppcb peut être transmise avec succès aux bovins par contact. Ces résultats permettent de définir les bases expérimentales pour de futures études telles que la caractérisation des réponses immunes et pathologiques des bovins aux différentes phases et formes de la maladie.

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Chakrabarti, Lisa A., Karin J. Metzner, Tijana Ivanovic, Hua Cheng, Jean Louis-Virelizier, Ruth I. Connor, and Cecilia Cheng-Mayer. "A Truncated Form of Nef Selected during Pathogenic Reversion of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239Δnef Increases Viral Replication." Journal of Virology 77, no. 2 (January 15, 2003): 1245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.2.1245-1256.2003.

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ABSTRACT The live, attenuated vaccine simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239Δnef efficiently protects rhesus macaques against infection with wild-type SIVmac but occasionally causes CD4+ T-cell depletion and progression to simian AIDS (SAIDS). Virus recovered from a vaccinated macaque (Rh1490) that progressed to SAIDS had acquired an additional deletion in the nef gene, resulting in a frameshift that restored the original nef open reading frame (R. I. Connor, D. C. Montefiori, J. M. Binley, J. P. Moore, S. Bonhoeffer, A. Gettie, E. A. Fenamore, K. E. Sheridan, D. D. Ho, P. J. Dailey, and P. A. Marx, J. Virol. 72:7501-7509, 1998). Intravenous inoculation of the Rh1490 viral isolate into four naive rhesus macaques induced CD4+ T-cell depletion and disease in three out of four animals within 2 years, indicating a restoration of virulence. A DNA fragment encompassing the truncated nef gene amplified from the Rh1490 isolate was inserted into the genetic backbone of SIVmac239. The resulting clone, SIVmac239-Δ2nef, expressed a Nef protein of approximately 23 kDa, while the original SIVmac239Δnef clone expressed a shorter protein of 8 kDa. The revertant form of Nef did not cause downregulation of CD4, CD3, or major histocompatibility complex class I. The infectivity of SIVmac239-Δ2nef was similar to that of SIVmac239Δnef in single-cycle assays using indicator cell lines. In contrast, SIVmac239-Δ2nef replicated more efficiently than SIVmac239Δnef in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures infected under unstimulated conditions. The p27 Gag antigen levels in SIVmac239-Δ2nef-infected cultures were still lower than those obtained with wild-type SIVmac239, consistent with a partial recovery of Nef function. The transcriptional activity of long terminal repeat (LTR)-luciferase constructs containing the nef deletions did not differ markedly from that of wild-type LTR. Introduction of a premature stop codon within Nef-Δ2 abolished the replicative advantage in PBMCs, demonstrating that the Nef-Δ2 protein, rather than the structure of the U3 region of the LTR, was responsible for the increase in viral replication. Taken together, these results show that SIV with a deletion in the nef gene can revert to virulence and that expression of a form of nef with multiple deletions may contribute to this process by increasing viral replication.

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Norazali, Nur Irdina Hakimah, Muhammad Irfan Izhar, and Fathiah Zulkifli. "Sejarah dan Implikasi Pandemik: Kajian Kes Pandemik Selesema Sepanyol, Selesema Asia dan Selesema Hong Kong." International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Strategic Studies 4, no. 7 (October 31, 2023): 466–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47548/ijistra.2023.74.

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Kajian ini meninjau sejarah dan implikasi global beberapa pandemik terdahulu iaitu pandemik Selesema Sepanyol 1918, Selesema Asia 1957 dan Selesema Hong Kong 1968 dalam pelbagai aspek seperti kesihatan, ekonomi, sains dan teknologi, sosial serta hubungan antarabangsa. Kajian mendapati terdapat pelbagai usaha untuk menangani penyebaran wabak penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus influenza melibatkan kawalan pergerakan di peringkat domestik dan antarabangsa serta peranan organisasi antarabangsa dan kemajuan vaksin. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pandemik memberikan implikasi yang besar bukan sahaja terhadap kesihatan dan ekonomi pada peringkat domestik dan global malah mengesani aspek sosial, sains dan teknologi serta hubungan antarabangsa. Hasil kajian ini menyumbang dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang implikasi dan cara menangani pandemik. This study reviews the history and global implications of several pandemics in the past, namely the 1918 Spanish Flu, the 1975 Asian Flu and the 1968 Hong Kong Flu in various aspects such as health, economy, science and technology, social and international relations. The study found that there are various efforts to curb the spread of infectious diseases caused by the influenza virus involving movement control at the domestic and international levels as well as the role of international organisations and vaccine progress. The results of this study shows that a pandemic has great implications not only for health and economy at the domestic and global levels but also affects social, science and technology as well as international relations aspects. The findings of this study can contribute in increasing knowledge about the implications and how to overcome the pandemic.

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Walach, Harald. "Some Reflections on Bobrow's Counterpoint to Walach's Review." Journal of Scientific Exploration 36, no. 1 (May 22, 2022): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.31275/20222495.

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I am grateful for Robert S. Bobrow’s “Counterpoint”. Discourse and controversy are essential elements, both of science and of finding political consensus. Both have suffered immensely over the last two years. And in my view, this has to do with the subtle mechanisms of censoring installed. Dissenting voices are silenced, in the media and in academia. Political opinion is no longer a free, consensus seeking debate. All is put under the umbrella of “unity for fighting the pandemic”. I think the way one can read Kennedy’s book, my review of it, and Bobrow’s comments hinges on two central questions. I am not going to answer them, but I wish to raise them for discussion. I will give a few bits of my opinion and my reasons for it. The first question is: Is it true that we were faced with a “pandemic”, i.e,. a worldwide, devastating infectious disease problem? The second question is: Can we really trust our institutions, i.e. the political executive (in the US the president and his administration, in Germany our chancellor and its executive ministry), our media, our parliamentary democracy? Depending on your own answer to these questions, you will find both my review and Kennedy’s book annoying or helpful. Bobrow obviously answers both questions in the positive. I would agree with him: Vaccinations have done a lot of good, especially in the case of polio. But, following some studies and reports relayed by Kennedy, the recent polio vaccination campaigns in India and Africa have led to more unwanted effects than benefits and were stopped by the governments for that reason. That might have been completely different in the 60ies, when polio was a real threat. But one fact, easily overlooked, likely not so relevant for polio, but for other diseases is: all infectious diseases were on a steep decline many years before vaccines became available. That vaccines might have accelerated the decline is likely. Had we not found any vaccines, we might have seen the same decline, only a bit slower. This argument is old and was made, to my knowledge, first by McKeown (McKeown, 1976). But the point is, Covid-19 vaccines are not vaccines. But let me get back to that argument later. Back to our central questions: I was, by and large, of the opinion that our institutions function well. Until I started to read a bit more widely in political texts, media literature and critical social analysis. For instance, reading well researched books like Sands (2020); Sutton (1976); Talbot (2015) gives you some taste of underground politics where quite some background forces are at work that steer the seemingly benevolent forces of visible political actors toward the agenda of powerful elites and their own benefit. It is a bit like losing your virginity: you are different, once you realize this. And with that kind of knowledge, you are more willing to be critical, regarding publicly presented narratives. Therefore, I am at least willing to entertain the proposition that our political leadership is not necessarily benevolent and that powerful forces backstage try to get their will.

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Bindoli, S., S. Della Mora, A. Doria, and P. Sfriso. "POS1219 SARS-COV-2 COURSE AND OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC AUTOINFLAMMATORY DISEASES (SAID) TREATED WITH IL-1 INHIBITORS AND COLCHICINE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1754.

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BackgroundThe spread of COVID-19 had a strong impact in north-east Italy especially during 2020 and in the first months of 2021. Patients affected by rheumatological disorders are at high risk of infections due to immunosuppressant therapies and a clear immunological imbalance. However, some anti-cytokines such as IL-1 inhibitors proved to be effective in curbing the cytokine storm, frequent feature of severe COVID-19.ObjectivesWe assessed the SARS-CoV-2 clinical course in 28 patients affected by autoinflammatory diseases, referring to the Autoinflammatory Outpatient Clinic of Padova University; in particular we observed if patients undertaking IL-1 inhibitors (group-1) had a diverse outcome compared to those not on anti-IL-1 drugs (group-2).MethodsThrough telephone or e-mail consultancy, 28 patients (18 females, mean age 39.5±15), confirmed to have contracted COVID-19 between March 2020 and January 2022. Twelve patients (42.8%) were affected by periodic fevers (FMF/TRAPS), 10/28 (35.7%) had Adult-Onset Still’s Disease, 3/28 (10.7%) had Undifferentiated Autoinflammatory Diseases, while 2/28 (7.1%) were affected by Behçet Disease and one patient had Schnitzler Syndrome. 12 out of 28 patients (42.8%) were undertaking IL-1 inhibitors; 8/28 (28.5%) were in therapy with colchicine; 2 patients were in therapy with methotrexate and abatacept respectively, and 6/28 (21.4%) received no therapy. All were diagnosed with COVID-19 after molecular nasopharyngeal swab performed either for the presence of symptoms or close contact with a positive subject. 5/28 patients had the infection after receiving the second vaccine shot, two after the booster dose. All the others had COVID-19 before the vaccine injection. GraphPad5 was used for statistical analysis and Fisher’s test was applied.ResultsCOVID-19 clinical course was benign in 27 out of 28 patients (96.4%); a total of 29 infections were counted due to a case of re-infection; 2 patients discontinued the therapy; all the others continued their medications (92.8%). Two patients (7.1%) of the entire cohort were hospitalized, one died. Regarding the major symptoms (fever ≥ 38 C°, cough/respiratory or gastro-intestinal symptoms) no difference was noticed between group-1 and group-2 (p=0.449); despite group-1 required less symptomatic therapy than group-2, the difference was not significant (p=0.471). Table 1 summarizes the clinical features exhibited by the patients and the therapies undertaken during the infection.Table 1.Clinical features and therapies of the examined cohortTotal COVID-19 infections (%)29 (100)Group-1 (anti IL-1 drugs) 12 (41.3)Group-2(no anti IL-1 drugs) 17 (58.6)COVID-19 symptomatic therapyAcetaminophen4 (13.7)04 (23.5)NSAIDs8 (27.5)3 (25)5 (29.4)Other (corticosteroids, mAb°)5 (17.2)3 (25)2 (11.7)Total17 (58.6)6 (50)11 (58.8)No therapy for COVID-1912 (41.3)6 (50)6 (35.2)COVID-19 major symptoms *10 (34.4)3 (25)7 (41.1)COVID-19 minor symptoms **16 (48.7)8 (66.6)8 (47)COVID-19 asymptomatic3 (10.3)1 (8.3)2 (11.7)Discontinuation of therapy2 (6.8)02 (11.7)OutcomeHome27 (93.1)11 (91.6)16 (94.1)Hospitalization (and fully recovered)1 (3.44)1 (8.33)0Death1 (3.44)01 (5.8)Infection after receiving vaccine (at least II doses)7 (24.13)5 (41.6)2 (11.7)Legend: *(Fever ≥ 38 C°, cough/pneumonia, important gastro-intestinal symptoms); **(Fever < 38 C°, anosmia, ageusia, asthenia, arthralgias); °Monoclonal antibodiesConclusionDespite the low sample size, our study is of interest since it proves that the inhibition of IL-1 with both anakinra or canakinumab and the employment of colchicine, an important inflammasome regulator, may curb the hyperinflammation typical of COVID-19. Given the promising results obtained with anti-IL-1 and colchicine in treating severe COVID-19, it is conceivable a “protective” role of these drugs in preventing a massive cytokine release. Unsurprisingly, none of our patients but one, had a severe course or fatal outcome after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

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Deshuillers, Pierre, Anne-Claire Lagrée, Clotilde Rouxel, Nadia Haddad, and Henri-Jean Boulouis. "Les infections à Anaplasma phagocytophilum et Anaplasma platys chez les carnivores domestiques." Le Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire canine & féline 18, no. 79 (2021): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/npvcafe/79014.

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Les chiens et les chats sont susceptibles d’être infectés par deux rickettsiales, Anaplasma phagocytophilum et Anaplasma platys. Ces deux bactéries intracellulaires strictes sont transmises par des tiques dures, A. phagocytophilum par Ixodes spp. et A. platys par Rhipicephalus sangineus. Leurs réservoirs sont encore mal identifiés. Ces deux espèces sont susceptibles d’infecter l’homme. Cependant, les cas d’infection humaines par A. platys, sont extrêmement rares. Outre les porteurs sains identifiés pour ces deux bactéries, elles sont à l‘origine de manifestations peu caractéristiques liées d’une part, à l’inflammation qu’elles induisent et d’autre part, aux cellules qu’elles infectent. Elles sont dominées par des troubles généraux comme la fièvre et l’inappétence. Des manifestations liées à des atteintes localisées sont beaucoup moins fréquentes. Le diagnostic est fondé sur la présence de morulas (micro-colonies intra-vacuolaires) mises en évidence par coloration dans les cellules infectées : granulocytes neutrophiles pour A. phagocytophilum et plaquettes pour A. platys. La PCR est aussi utilisée. La sérologie est moins indicative d’une infection en cours. Dans les deux tests, la période pendant laquelle le résultat du test est positif est courte (une dizaine de jours) ce qui explique la fréquence des résultats faussement négatifs. Il n‘existe pas de vaccins contre ces deux espèces. La prévention est essentiellement fondée sur les moyens de lutte contre les tiques.

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Nadia Nurul Izza, Mia Sari, Mughnii Kahila, and Solahuddin Al-ayubi. "A Twitter Sentimen Analysis on Islamic Banking Using Drone Emprit Academic (DEA): Evidence from Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 10, no. 5 (September 30, 2023): 496–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol10iss20235pp496-510.

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ABSTRACT The research aimed to identify and collect issues discussed regarding Islamic banking from user activity, sentimen, and content on Twitter. This study used a qualitative approach by collecting data on 145,475 conversations from Twitter using the Twitter Crawling technique with the Drone Emprit Academy (DEA) engine from 28 July 2020 – 10 March 2023 in Indonesia. Text data mining is used with the help of the DEA system by analyzing sentimen, Social Network Analysis (SNA), and other Twitter data analysis. The results showed that the highest number of tweets related to Islamic banking came from the number of tweets which were dominated by millennials and millennials with positive sentimens of 66%, then negative sentimens of 28% and neutral sentimens of 5%. From these results, both positive, negative and neutral sentimens are a challenge for various stakeholders in the field, including academics, government and others, in a more massive manner to explain and provide a more solid and stronger understanding of Islamic finance, especially Islamic banking.Keywords: Islamic Banking; Sentimen Analysis; Twitter; Academic Emprit Drone ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengindetifikasi dan mengumpulkan isu yang dibahas terkait perbankan syariah dari aktivitas pengguna, sentimen, dan konten di Twitter. Metode ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data 145.475 percakapan dari Twitter menggunakan teknik Twitter Crawling dengan mesin Drone Emprit Academy (DEA) dari tanggal 28 Juli 2020 – 10 Maret 2023 di Indonesia. Text data mining digunakan dengan bantuan sistem DEA dengan menganalisis sentimen, Social Network Analysis (SNA), dan analisis data Twitter lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah tweet tertinggi terkait perbankan syariah berasal dari jumlah tweet yang didominasi oleh kaum millennials dan zillenial dengan sentimen positif sebesar 66%, kemudian sentimen negatif 28% dan sentimen netral sebesar 5%. Dari hasil tersebut, baik sentimen positif, negative, maupun netral menjadi tantangan bagi berbagai pemangku kepentingan di lapangan, termasuk akademisi, pemerintah, dan lainnya, secara lebih massif untuk menjelaskan dan memberikan pemahaman yang lebih kokoh dan kuat tentang keuangan syariah khususnya perbankan syariah. Kata Kunci: Perbankan Syariah, Analisis Sentimen, Twitter, Drone Emprit Akademik REFERENCES Ahmad, A., Sohail, A., & Hussain, A. (2021). Emergence of financial technology in Islamic banking industry and its influence on bank performance in covid-19 scenario: A case of developing economy. Gomal University Journal of Research, 37(1), 97-109. Alotaibi, M. S. (2013). The Impact of Twitter on Saudi banking sectors in the presence of social media: An evaluative study. International Research: Journal of Library & Information Science, 3(4), 618–630. Anwar, S. A. (2019). Revolusi industri 4.0 Islam dalam merespon tantangan teknologi digitalisasi. At Tuhfah: Jurnal Studi KeIslaman, 8(2), 16-28. doi:10.36840/jurnalstudikeislaman.v8i2.203 Anwar, S., Marlius, D., & Badri, J. (2022). Sharia bank in the middle of the disruptive era. Al-Masraf: Jurnal Lembaga Keuangan dan Perbankan, 7(2), 139-151. doi:10.15548/al-masraf.v7i2.416 Arianto, B. (2021). Media Sosial sebagai Saluran Aspirasi Kewargaan: Studi Pembahasan RUU Cipta Kerja. Jurnal PIKMA : Publikasi Ilmu Komunikasi Media dan Cinema, 3(2), 107–127. doi:10.24076/pikma.v3i2.469 Bank Indonesia. (2021). Laporan Perekonomian Indonesia 2021. Retrieved from https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/laporan/Pages/LPI_2021.aspx Bappenas. (2018). Masterplan ekonomi syariah Indonesia 2019-2024. Retrieved from https://kneks.go.id/storage/upload/1573459280-Masterplan%20Eksyar_Preview.pdf Cahyono, E. F., Rani, L. N., & Kassim, S. (2020). Perceptions of the 7P marketing mix of Islamic banks in Indonesia: What Do Twitter Users Say About It? International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11(11), 300–319. Dang-Xuan, L., Stieglitz, S., Wladarsch, J., & Neuberger, C. (2017). An investigation of influentials and the role of sentimen in political communication on Twitter during election periods. Information, Communication and Society, 16(5), 1-31. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2013.783608 Fahmi, D. Y., Hartoyo, & Zulbainarni, N. (2021). Mining Social Media (Twitter) Data for Corporate Image Analysis: A Case Study in the Indonesian Mining Industry. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1811, 1-10. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1811/1/012107 Fahmi, I. (2016). Drone Emprit: Software for media monitoring and analytics. Retrieved from https://pers.droneemprit.id/how-to-cite-drone-emprit/ Fahmi, I. (2018). Drone Emprit Academic: Software for social media monitoring and analytics. Retrieved from Available at http://dea.uii.ac.id. Fakhrunnas, F., & Anto, M. B. H. (2023). Assessing the Islamic banking contribution to financial stability in Indonesia : A non-linear approach. Banks and Banks System, 18(1), 150-162. doi:10.21511/bbs.18(1).2023.13 Rogers, E. M., Singhal, A., & Quinlan, M. M. (2014). Diffusion of innovations. In An integrated approach to communication theory and research (pp. 432-448). London: Routledge. Haidar, A., As-Salafiyah, A., & Herindar, E. (2022). Sentimen analysis of digital sharia banking. Ekonomi Islam Indonesia, 4(1). doi:10.58968/eii.v4i1.72 Kemp, S. (2022). Digital 2022 global overview report. Retrieved from https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-global-overview-report Izza, N. N. (2022). Scientometric analysis of Islamic bank in Indonesia. Faraid & Wealth Management, 2(1). doi:10.58968/fwm.v2i1.161 Jackson, S. J., Bailey, M., & Welles, B. F. (2018). #GirlsLikeUs: Trans advocacy and community building online. New Media and Society, 20(5), 1868–1888. doi:10.1177/1461444817709276 Liang, F., & Lu, S. (2023). The dynamics of event-based political influencers on Twitter: A longitudinal analysis of influential accounts during Chinese political events. Social Media+ Society, 9(2), doi:20563051231177946. Liu, B. (2015). Sentimen analysis: Mining opinions, sentimens, and emotions. Cambridge: The Cambridge University Press. McCombs, M., & Valenzuela, S. (2020). Setting the agenda: Mass media and public opinion (3rd edition). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Miftahuddin, A., Perdana, Y., & Sandjaya, T. (2023). Persepsi masyarakat terhadap tren perkembangan industri halal di media sosial: Analisis respons di Indonesia. Responsive: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Bidang Administrasi, Sosial, Humaniora, dan Kebijakan Publik, 5(4), 233–238. doi: 10.24198/responsive.v5i4.44555 Mosioi, H. B. S. O., & Mailoa, E. (2021). Analisa sentimen publik terkait Otonomi Khusus (OTSUS) di Papua dengan pendekatan sains data. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sistem Informasi dan Teknologi (SISFOTEK), 5(1), 153–156. Mude, G., & Undale, S. (2023). Social media usage: A comparison between generation Y and generation Z I India. International Journal of E-Business Research, 19(1), 1–20. doi:10.4018/ijebr.317889 OJK. (2020). Indonesia Islamic banking development roadmap. Retrieved from https://ojk.go.id/en/kanal/syariah/berita-dan-kegiatan/publikasi/Pages/Indonesia-Islamic-Banking-Development-Roadmap.aspx OJK. (2020). Strategi nasional literasi keuangan Indonesia 2021-2025. Retrieved from https://www.ojk.go.id/id/berita-dan-kegiatan/publikasi/Documents/Pages/Strategi-Nasional-Literasi-Keuangan-Indonesia-2021-2025/Strategi%20Nasional%20Literasi%20Keuangan%20Indonesia%202021-2025.pdf OJK. (2021). Laporan perkembangan keuangan syariah Indonesia 2020. Retrieved from https://ojk.go.id/id/kanal/syariah/data-dan-statistik/laporan-perkembangan-keuangan-syariah-indonesia/Pages/Laporan-Perkembangan-Keuangan-Syariah-Indonesia-2020.aspx OJK. (2021). Statistik perbankan syariah. Retrieved from https://www.ojk.go.id/id/kanal/perbankan/data-dan-statistik/statistik-perbankan-syariah/Pages/Statistik-Perbankan-Syariah.aspx OJK. (2022). Siaran pers: Survei nasional literasi dan inklusi keuangan tahun 2022. Retrieved from https://www.ojk.go.id/id/berita-dan-kegiatan/siaran-pers/Pages/Survei-Nasional-Literasi-dan-Inklusi-Keuangan-Tahun-2022.aspx OJK. (2023). Peningkatan Literasi dan Inklusi Keuangan di Sektor Jasa Keuangan Bagi Konsumen dan Masyarakat. Retrieved from https://www.ojk.go.id/ojk-institute/id/capacitybuilding/upcoming/1340/memperkuat-literasi-dan-inklusi-keuangan-syariah Rahmanti, A. R., Chien, C. H., Nursetyo, A. A., Husnayain, A., Wiratama, B. S., Fuad, A., Yang, H. C., & Li, Y. C. J. (2022). Social media sentimen analysis to monitor the performance of vaccination coverage during the early phase of the national COVID-19 vaccine rollout. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 221. doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106838 Rahmat, F., & Rantisi, A. A. (2021). Islamic banking on Twitter: An analysis of users and networks. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(2), 276-293. doi:10.1108/JIMA-11-2020-0388. Rahmayati, R. (2021). Competition strategy in the islamic banking industry: An empirical review. International Journal of Business, Economics, aAnd Social Development, 2(2), 65-71. Rossana, A., & Firmansyah, E. A. (2019). Analisis Rasch pada atribut perbankan syariah: Studi pada generasi milenial. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 5(3), 145-156. doi:10.29040/jiei.v5i3.530 Rusydiana, A. S., & As-salafiyah, A. (2022). Shariah Fintech : An Analysis of Twitter Sentimen. Ekonomi Islam Indonesia, 4(2). doi:10.58968/eii.v4i2.98 Scott, J. (2012). What is Social Network Analysis?. London: Bloomsbury Academic Septiani, E., Mulyadi, M., & Serip, S. (2021). Analisis kepercayaan generasi milenial terhadap lembaga keuangan syariah. Distribusi: Journal of Management and Business, 9(2), 147–160. doi:10.29303/distribusi.v9i2.163 Sotudeh, H., Saber, Z., Aloni, F. G., Mirzabeigi, M., & Khunjush, F. (2022). A longitudinal study of the evolution of opinions about open access and its main features: A twitter sentiment analysis. Scientometrics, 127(10), 5587-5611. doi:10.1007/s11192-022-04502-7 Syafrida, I., Aminah, A., & Awaludin, T. (2020). Keputusan penggunaan jasa perbankan syariah: Perspektif nasabah milenial. BISNIS : Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen Islam, 8(1), 49. doi:10.21043/bisnis.v8i1.6691 Zhang, L., Wang, S., & Liu, B. (2018). Deep learning for sentimen analysis: A survey. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 8(4), 1–25. doi:10.1002/widm.1253

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Shumnalieva, Russka, Naveen Ravichandran, Jennifer Hannah, Mahnoor Javaid, Naitica Darooka, Debaditya Roy, Daniel E. Gonzalez, et al. "Characteristics of emerging new autoimmune diseases after COVID‐19 vaccination: A sub‐study by the COVAD group." International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 27, no. 5 (May 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1756-185x.15178.

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AbstractBackgroundDespite the overall safety and efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccinations, rare cases of systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) have been reported post‐vaccination. This study used a global survey to analyze SAIDs in susceptible individuals' post‐vaccination.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among participants with self‐reported new‐onset SAIDs using the COVID‐19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) 2 study dataset—a validated, patient‐reported e‐survey—to analyze the long‐term safety of COVID‐19 vaccines. Baseline characteristics of patients with new‐onset SAIDs and vaccinated healthy controls (HCs) were compared after propensity score matching based on age and sex in a 1:4 ratio.ResultsOf 16 750 individuals, 74 (median age 52 years, 79.9% females, and 76.7% Caucasians) had new‐onset SAID post‐vaccination, mainly idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) (n = 23, 31.51%), arthritis (n = 15; 20.53%), and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) (n = 12, 16.40%). Higher odds of new‐onset SAIDs were noted among Caucasians (OR = 5.3; 95% CI = 2.9–9.7; p < .001) and Moderna vaccine recipients (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.3–5.3; p = .004). New‐onset SAIDs were associated with AID multimorbidity (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1–1.7; p < .001), mental health disorders (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.3–1.9; p < .001), and mixed race (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.2–4.2; p = .010), where those aged >60 years (OR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4–0.8; p = .007) and from high/medium human development index (HDI) countries (compared to very high HDI) reported fewer events than HCs.ConclusionThis study reports a low occurrence of new‐onset SAIDs following COVID‐19 vaccination, primarily IIMs, PMR, and inflammatory arthritis. Identified risk factors included pre‐existing AID multimorbidity, mental health diseases, and mixed race. Revaccination was well tolerated by most patients; therefore, we recommend continuing COVID‐19 vaccination in the general population. However, long‐term studies are needed to understand the autoimmune phenomena arising post‐vaccination.

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Intapiboon, Porntip, Parichat Uae-areewongsa, Jomkwan Ongarj, Ratchanon Sophonmanee, Purilap Seepathomnarong, Bunya Seeyankem, Smonrapat Surasombatpattana, and Nawamin Pinpathomrat. "Impaired neutralizing antibodies and preserved cellular immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases." npj Vaccines 7, no. 1 (November 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41541-022-00568-9.

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AbstractReports on vaccine immunogenicity in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) have been inconclusive. Here, we report the immunogenicity of heterologous prime-boost with an inactivated vaccine followed by an adenoviral vector vaccine in patients with SARDs using anti-RBD antibodies, neutralizing capacity against Omicron BA.2 [plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT)], T cell phenotypes, and effector cytokine production at 4 weeks after vaccination. SARD patients had lower median (IQR) anti-RBD-IgG levels and neutralizing function against the Omicron BA.2 variant than the healthy group (p = 0.003, p = 0.004, respectively). T cell analysis revealed higher levels of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-secreting CD4 + T cells (p < 0.001, p = 0.0322, respectively) in SARD patients than in the healthy group. Effector cytokine production by CD8 + T cells was consistent with Th responses. These results suggest that this vaccine regimen revealed mildly impaired humoral response while preserving cellular immunogenicity and may be an alternative for individuals for whom mRNA vaccines are contraindicated.

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Li, Shinian, and Yaping Chen. "Epitopes screening and vaccine molecular design of SADS-CoV based on immunoinformatics." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 9 (March 2, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1080927.

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The regional outbreak of the Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) has seriously threatened the swine industry. There is an urgent need to discover safe and effective vaccines to contain them quickly. The coronavirus spike protein mediates virus entry into host cells, one of the most important antigenic determinants and a potential vaccine target. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a predictive analysis of the epitope of S protein B cells and T cells (MHC class I and class II) by immunoinformatics methods by screening and identifying protective antigenic epitopes that induce major neutralized antibodies and activate immune responses to construct epitope vaccines. The study explored primary, secondary, and tertiary structures, disulfide bonds, protein docking, immune response simulation, and seamless cloning of epitope vaccines. The results show that the spike protein dominant epitope of the screening has a high conservativeness and coverage of IFN-γ, IL-4-positive Th epitope, and CTL epitope. The constructed epitope vaccine interacts stably with TLR-3 receptors, and the immune response simulation shows good immunogenicity, which could effectively activate humoral and cellular immunity. After codon optimization, it was highly likely to be efficiently and stably expressed in the Escherichia coli K12 expression system. Therefore, the constructed epitope vaccine will provide a new theoretical basis for the design of SADS-CoV antiviral drugs and related research on coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2.

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Cook, Claire, Naomi J. Patel, Xiaoqing Fu, Xiaosong Wang, Yumeko Kawano, Kathleen M. M. Vanni, Grace Qian, et al. "Comparative effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines against COVID-19 infection among patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases on immunomodulatory medications." Journal of Rheumatology, January 15, 2023, jrheum.220870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.220870.

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ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 vs mRNA-1273) against COVID-19 infection among patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) on immunomodulatory medications.MethodsWe identified patients with SARDs being treated with DMARDs and/or glucocorticoids in the Mass General Brigham healthcare system who received either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 as their initial vaccine series. Patients were followed until positive SARS-CoV-2 test, death, or 2/22/2022. We compared the risk of breakthrough infection between BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients using time stratified, overlap propensity score–weighted Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsWe identified 9838 patients with SARDs who received BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in both groups after overlap weighting: mean age 61 years, 75% female, 54% with rheumatoid arthritis, and 74% receiving conventional and 43% receiving biologic DMARDs. Of 5516 BNT162b2 and 4322 mRNA-1273 recipients, 446 and 329 had a breakthrough infection, respectively. The corresponding time-stratified PS weighted rate difference of breakthrough infection was 0.71 (95%CI: -0.70, 2.12) per 1000 person months with a weighted HR of 1.12 (95%CI: 0.90, 1.39). When follow-up was censored prior to the Omicron wave, there was a trend towards higher breakthrough risk with BNT162b2 vs mRNA-1273 (weighted HR 1.34, 95%CI: 0.91, 1.98).ConclusionAmong SARD patients, the risk of breakthrough COVID-19 infection is similar after receiving either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Patients with SARDs initiating the vaccine series should be encouraged to receive whichever mRNA vaccine is available.

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Xiang, Nan, Yu-Jing Li, Meng-Yao Liu, Qi-Qin Wu, Ya-Xin Zhang, Hui-Zhi Jin, Qian Wang, et al. "Antibody responses following the surge of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection among patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases." Rheumatology Advances in Practice, July 24, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rap/rkad064.

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Abstract Objectives The surge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant Omicron infections has affected most Chinese residents at the end of 2022, including a number of patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). Methods To investigate the antibody level of the Omicron variant in SARDs patients after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection, we tested BA.5.2 and BF.7 Omicron variant IgG antibody level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from the collected blood samples from 102 SARDs patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs). The type of SARDs, demographics, concurrent treatment, doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and outcomes were also recorded. Results A total of 102 SARDs patients (mean age, 40.3 years, 89.2% female), including 60 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 32 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 10 other SARDs, were identified. Of these, 87 (85.3%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2. We found that the BA.5.2 and BF.7 antibody levels of infected SARDs patients were lower than those of HCs (p < 0.05). 65(63.7%) patients had at least one dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. SARDs patients with at least two doses SARS-CoV-2 vaccine had a higher level of BA.5.2 and BF.7 antibody than unvaccinated group (p < 0.05). There was no evidence for significant inhibition effect of glucocorticoids (GCs) on the BA.5.2 and BF.7 Omicron variant antibody level in SARDs patients. SLE patients with bDMARDs use had a lower BA.5.2 Omicron variant antibody level than patients with GCs and/or hydroxychloroquine use. Conclusion These data suggest that patients with SARDs had a lower antibody response than healthy controls after Omicron infection. Lay summary What does this mean for patients ? SARS-CoV-2 is a type of coronavirus that causes COVID-19. Spread of SARS-CoV-2 lead to the COVID-19 pandemic and a global threat to public health. Different variants of SARS-CoV-2 have developed as the virus changes over time. Omicron is one such variant. Patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome, are often treated with drugs called immunosuppressants. Immunosuppressants make your immune system less active, meaning that it is harder to defend against diseases like COVID-19. As a result, SARD patients are at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19. We performed a study to describe the characteristics and immune responses of SARD patients with COVID-19 Omicron infection in China. We found that SARD patients had fewer antibodies against Omicron than healthy people. We also found that lupus patients who used biologic drugs had a lower antibody level than those using glucocorticoids (steroids) and/or hydroxychloroquine. Importantly, SARD patients who had at least two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine had higher levels of antibodies than unvaccinated patients. These findings suggest that patients with SARDs have a lower antibody response after Omicron infection than healthy people, meaning that their immune systems are less able to defend against future re-infection. Our data therefore support the importance of COVID-19 booster vaccination among patients with SARDs.

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Hoff, Leonardo Santos, Naveen Ravichandran, Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo, Jessica Day, Parikshit Sen, Jucier Gonçalves Junior, James B. Lilleker, et al. "COVID-19 severity and vaccine breakthrough infections in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, other systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and healthy controls: a multicenter cross-sectional study from the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) survey." Rheumatology International, October 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-022-05229-7.

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Abstract Objectives We aimed to compare the spectrum and severity of COVID-19 and vaccine breakthrough infections (BIs) among patients with IIMs, other systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (SAIDs), and healthy controls (HCs). Methods This is a cross-sectional study with data from the COVAD study, a self-reported online global survey that collected demographics, COVID-19 history, and vaccination details from April to September 2021. Adult patients with at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose were included. BIs were defined as infections occurring > 2 weeks after any dose of vaccine. Characteristics associated with BI were analyzed with a multivariate regression analysis. Results Among 10,900 respondents [42 (30–55) years, 74%-females, 45%-Caucasians] HCs were (47%), SAIDs (42%) and IIMs (11%). Patients with IIMs reported fewer COVID-19 cases before vaccination (6.2%-IIM vs 10.5%-SAIDs vs 14.6%-HC; OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.8, and OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.5, respectively). BIs were uncommon (1.4%-IIM; 1.9%-SAIDs; 3.2%-HC) and occurred in 17 IIM patients, 13 of whom were on immunosuppressants, and 3(18%) required hospitalization. All-cause hospitalization was higher in patients with IIM compared to HCs [23 (30%) vs 59 (8%), OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.1 before vaccination, and 3 (18%) vs 9 (5%), OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–5.3 in BI]. In a multivariate regression analysis, age 30–60 years was associated with a lower odds of BI (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–1.0), while the use of immunosuppressants had a higher odds of BI (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.7). Conclusions Patients with IIMs reported fewer COVID-19 cases than HCs and other SAIDs, but had higher odds of all-cause hospitalization from COVID-19 than HCs. BIs were associated with the use of immunosuppressants and were uncommon in IIMs.

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Doskaliuk, Bohdana, Naveen Ravichandran, Parikshit Sen, Jessica Day, Mrudula Joshi, Arvind Nune, Elena Nikiphorou, et al. "Long-term safety of COVID vaccination in individuals with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: results from the COVAD study." Rheumatology International, June 23, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-023-05345-y.

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AbstractLimited evidence on long-term COVID-19 vaccine safety in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) continues to contribute to vaccine hesitancy. We studied delayed-onset vaccine adverse events (AEs) in patients with IIMs, other systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disorders (SAIDs), and healthy controls (HCs), using data from the second COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) study. A validated self-reporting e-survey was circulated by the COVAD study group (157 collaborators, 106 countries) from Feb–June 2022. We collected data on demographics, comorbidities, IIM/SAID details, COVID-19 history, and vaccination details. Delayed-onset (> 7 day) AEs were analyzed using regression models. A total of 15165 respondents undertook the survey, of whom 8759 responses from vaccinated individuals [median age 46 (35–58) years, 74.4% females, 45.4% Caucasians] were analyzed. Of these, 1390 (15.9%) had IIMs, 50.6% other SAIDs, and 33.5% HCs. Among IIMs, 16.3% and 10.2% patients reported minor and major AEs, respectively, and 0.72% (n = 10) required hospitalization. Notably patients with IIMs experienced fewer minor AEs than other SAIDs, though rashes were expectedly more than HCs [OR 4.0; 95% CI 2.2–7.0, p < 0.001]. IIM patients with active disease, overlap myositis, autoimmune comorbidities, and ChadOx1 nCOV-19 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) recipients reported AEs more often, while those with inclusion body myositis, and BNT162b2 (Pfizer) recipients reported fewer AEs. Vaccination is reassuringly safe in individuals with IIMs, with AEs, hospitalizations comparable to SAIDs, and largely limited to those with autoimmune multimorbidity and active disease. These observations may inform guidelines to identify high-risk patients warranting close monitoring in the post-vaccination period.

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Zhu, Zihui, Yutong Han, Mingli Gong, Bo Sun, Rong Zhang, and Qiang Ding. "Establishment of replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus recapitulating SADS-CoV entry." Journal of Virology, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01957-23.

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ABSTRACT Zoonotic coronaviruses pose a continuous threat to human health, with newly identified bat-borne viruses like swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) causing high mortality in piglets. In vitro studies indicate that SADS-CoV can infect cell lines from diverse species, including humans, highlighting its potential risk to human health. However, the lack of tools to study viral entry, along with the absence of vaccines or antiviral therapies, perpetuates this threat. To address this, we engineered an infectious molecular clone of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), replacing its native glycoprotein (G) with SADS-CoV spike (S) and inserting a Venus reporter at the 3′ leader region to generate a replication-competent rVSV-Venus-SADS S virus. Serial passages of rVSV-Venus-SADS S led to the identification of an 11-amino-acid truncation in the cytoplasmic tail of the S protein, which allowed more efficient viral propagation due to increased cell membrane anchoring of the S protein. The S protein was integrated into rVSV-Venus-SADS SΔ11 particles, susceptible to neutralization by sera from SADS-CoV S1 protein-immunized rabbits. Additionally, we found that TMPRSS2 promotes SADS-CoV spike-mediated cell entry. Furthermore, we assessed the serum-neutralizing ability of mice vaccinated with rVSV-Venus-SADS SΔ11 using a prime-boost immunization strategy, revealing effective neutralizing antibodies against SADS-CoV infection. In conclusion, we have developed a safe and practical tool for studying SADS-CoV entry and exploring the potential of a recombinant VSV-vectored SADS-CoV vaccine. IMPORTANCE Zoonotic coronaviruses, like swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), pose a continual threat to human and animal health. To combat this, we engineered a safe and efficient tool by modifying the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), creating a replication-competent rVSV-Venus-SADS S virus. Through serial passages, we optimized the virus for enhanced membrane anchoring, a key factor in viral propagation. This modified virus, rVSV-Venus-SADS SΔ11, proved susceptible to neutralization, opening avenues for potential vaccines. Additionally, our study revealed the role of TMPRSS2 in SADS-CoV entry. Mice vaccinated with rVSV-Venus-SADS SΔ11 developed potent neutralizing antibodies against SADS-CoV. In conclusion, our work presents a secure and practical tool for studying SADS-CoV entry and explores the promise of a recombinant VSV-vectored SADS-CoV vaccine.

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Patel, Naomi J., Claire Cook, Kathleen Vanni, Xiaoqing Fu, Xiaosong Wang, Yumeko Kawano, Grace Qian, et al. "Impact of vaccination on postacute sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic diseases." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, November 28, 2022, ard—2022–223439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard-2022-223439.

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ObjectiveVaccination decreases the risk of severe COVID-19 but its impact on postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is unclear among patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) who may have blunted vaccine immunogenicity and be vulnerable to PASC.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled patients with SARD from a large healthcare system who survived acute infection to complete surveys. The symptom-free duration and the odds of PASC (any symptom lasting ≥28 or 90 days) were evaluated using restricted mean survival time and multivariable logistic regression, respectively, among those with and without breakthrough infection (≥14 days after initial vaccine series).ResultsAmong 280 patients (11% unvaccinated; 48% partially vaccinated; 41% fully vaccinated), the mean age was 53 years, 80% were female and 82% were white. The most common SARDs were inflammatory arthritis (59%) and connective tissue disease (24%). Those with breakthrough infection had more upper respiratory symptoms, and those with non-breakthrough infection had more anosmia, dysgeusia and joint pain. Compared with those with non-breakthrough COVID-19 infection (n=164), those with breakthrough infection (n=116) had significantly more symptom-free days over the follow-up period (+21.4 days, 95% CI 0.95 to 41.91; p=0.04) and lower odds of PASC at 28 and 90 days (adjusted OR, aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.83 and aOR 0.10, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.22, respectively).ConclusionVaccinated patients with SARDs were less likely to experience PASC compared with those not fully vaccinated. While we cannot rule out the possibility that findings may be due to intrinsic differences in PASC risk from different SARS-CoV-2 variants, these findings support the benefits of vaccination for patients with SARDs and suggest that the immune response to acute infection is important in the pathogenesis of PASC in patients with SARDs.

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Grignaschi, Silvia, Minchul Kim, Giovanni Zanframundo, Naveen Ravichandran, James B. Lilleker, Parikshit Sen, Mrudula Joshi, et al. "High fatigue scores in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a multigroup comparative study from the COVAD e-survey." Rheumatology International, June 14, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-023-05344-z.

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AbstractIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) confer a significant risk of disability and poor quality of life, though fatigue, an important contributing factor, remains under-reported in these individuals. We aimed to compare and analyze differences in visual analog scale (VAS) scores (0–10 cm) for fatigue (VAS-F) in patients with IIMs, non-IIM systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs), and healthy controls (HCs). We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the data from the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) international patient self-reported e-survey. The COVAD survey was circulated from December 2020 to August 2021, and details including demographics, COVID-19 history, vaccination details, SAID details, global health, and functional status were collected from adult patients having received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose. Fatigue experienced 1 week prior to survey completion was assessed using a single-item 10 cm VAS. Determinants of fatigue were analyzed in regression models. Six thousand nine hundred and eighty-eight respondents (mean age 43.8 years, 72% female; 55% White) were included in the analysis. The overall VAS-F score was 3 (IQR 1–6). Patients with IIMs had similar fatigue scores (5, IQR 3–7) to non-IIM SAIDs [5 (IQR 2–7)], but higher compared to HCs (2, IQR 1–5; P < 0.001), regardless of disease activity. In adjusted analysis, higher VAS-F scores were seen in females (reference female; coefficient −0.17; 95%CI −0.21 to −13; P < 0.001) and Caucasians (reference Caucasians; coefficient −0.22; 95%CI −0.30 to −0.14; P < 0.001 for Asians and coefficient −0.08; 95%CI −0.13 to 0.30; P = 0.003 for Hispanics) in our cohort. Our study found that patients with IIMs exhibit considerable fatigue, similar to other SAIDs and higher than healthy individuals. Women and Caucasians experience greater fatigue scores, allowing identification of stratified groups for optimized multidisciplinary care and improve outcomes such as quality of life.

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"4680176 Deletion mutant of a herpesvirus and vaccine containing said virus." Biotechnology Advances 5, no. 2 (January 1987): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(87)90374-0.

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"4680176 Deletion mutant of a herpesvirus and vaccine containing said virus." Biotechnology Advances 5, no. 2 (January 1987): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(87)90774-9.

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"5028426 Deletion mutant of pseudorabies virus and vaccine containing said virus." Biotechnology Advances 9, no. 3 (January 1991): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(91)90969-3.

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"5028426 Deletion mutant of pseudorabies virus and vaccine containing said virus." Biotechnology Advances 9, no. 3 (January 1991): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(91)91238-v.

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"5028426 Deletion mutant of pseudorabies virus and vaccine containing said virus." Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 15, no. 4 (October 1992): vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-9571(92)90043-q.

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"4956278 Anaplasma marginale antigen, antigen compositions, vaccine and process for the production of said antigen, antigen compositions and vaccine." Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 14, no. 1 (January 1991): xi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-9571(91)90091-q.

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"4956278 Anaplasma marginale antigen, antigen compositions, vaccine and process for the production of said antigen, antigen compositions and vaccine." Biotechnology Advances 9, no. 1 (January 1991): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(91)90581-f.

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"Retraction: Epitopes screening and vaccine molecular design of SADS-CoV based on immunoinformatics." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 10 (November 29, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1342203.

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Pourmarzi, Davoud, Petya Fitzpatrick, Keeley Allen, Aidan Yuen, and Stephen Lambert. "“They said we’re all in it together, but we were kind of separated”: barriers to access, and suggestions for improving access to official information about COVID-19 vaccines for migrants in Australia." BMC Public Health 23, no. 1 (September 1, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15739-z.

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Abstract Background Vaccination is a cornerstone of public health measures to mitigate the burden of COVID-19 infection. Equitable access to information is necessary to ensure all members of society can make an informed decision about COVID-19 vaccines. We sought to investigate barriers that migrants living in Australia faced in accessing official information about COVID-19 vaccines and identify potential solutions. Methods This study used a descriptive qualitative study design. Seventeen adults living in Australia and born in the World Health Organization’s Eastern Mediterranean Region participated in a semi-structured interview conducted via telephone. Participants were recruited using advertising through social media platforms. The interviews were conducted between December 2021 and February 2022. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. In this study official information was defined as information provided by Australian Health system. Results Barriers to accessing official information about COVID-19 vaccines were related to unmet language needs, methods of dissemination, and mistrust in official sources of information. To overcome barriers, participants suggested improving the quality and timeliness of language support, using diverse modes of dissemination, working with members of migrant communities, providing opportunities for two-way communication, communicating uncertainty, and building a broader foundation of trust. Conclusion Information about COVID-19 vaccines during different stages of the vaccination program should be provided in migrants’ languages at the same time that it is available in English using a variety of methods for dissemination. The acceptability of official information can be improved by communicating uncertainty, acknowledging people’s concerns about the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and providing opportunities for two-way communication. People’s trust in official sources of health information can be improved by working with migrant communities and recognising migrants’ contributions to society. The findings of this study may improve managing the response to COVID-19 and other health emergencies in Australia and in other similar societies.

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Papagoras, Charalampos, Nikoleta Zioga, Vasileios Papadopoulos, Nafsika Gerolymatou, Eleni Kalavri, Christos Bounos, Theodora Simopoulou, et al. "Omicron variant dominance and anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are key determinants for a milder course of COVID-19 in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases." Clinical Rheumatology, September 21, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-023-06769-4.

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Abstract Introduction This study aimed to determine whether the introduction of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the dominance of the omicron variant had a significant impact on the outcome of COVID-19 in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SAIRDs). Methods Using data entered to the Greek Rheumatology Society COVID-19 registry, we investigated the incidence of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19, during the successive periods of the pandemic according to the prevalent strain (wild-type, Alpha, Delta, Omicron) in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Variables independently associated with hospitalization and death were explored using multivariate regression analyses, while Kaplan–Meier curves were used to depict survival data. Results From August 2020 until June 30, 2022, 456 cases (70.2% females) of COVID-19 with a mean age (± SD) of 51.4 ± 14.0 years were reported. In unvaccinated patients, the proportions of hospitalization and death were 24.5% and 4%, compared to 12.5% and 0.8% in the vaccinated group (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). The rates of hospitalization for the wild-type, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron periods were 24.7%, 31.3%, 25.9%, and 8.1% respectively (p < 0.0001), while the case fatality rates were 2.7%, 4%, 7%, and 0%, respectively (p = 0.001). Using multivariable regression analysis, factors independently associated with hospitalization were infection by a non-Omicron variant, being non-vaccinated, exposure to rituximab, older age, and respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Independent predictors for death were contracting COVID-19 during the Alpha or Delta period, pulmonary disease, and older age, while being vaccinated was protective. Conclusions In this 2-year analysis, the rates of hospitalization and death among patients with SAIRDs have declined significantly. Vaccination and the dominance of the Omicron variant appear to be the major determinants for this shift. Key points• During the late phase of the pandemic, the proportion of severe COVID-19 cases, defined as requiring hospitalization or resulting in death, in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases has declined.• Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and the dominance of the Omicron strain are the key factors that have independently contributed to this shift.

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"5286484 Nucleotide sequence coding for an outer membrane protein from Neisseria meningitidis and use of said protein in vaccine preparations." Biotechnology Advances 12, no. 3 (January 1994): 570–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(94)90086-8.

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"5286484 Nucleotide sequence coding for an outer membrane protein from Neisseria meningitidis and use of said protein in vaccine preparations." Biotechnology Advances 12, no. 3 (January 1994): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(94)90231-3.

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"Immunogenic protein or peptide complex, method of producing said complex and the use thereof as an immune stimulant and as a vaccine." Vaccine 4, no. 4 (December 1986): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-410x(86)90178-7.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SAIDS Vaccines'

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