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Journal articles on the topic 'Sahrawi'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Almenara-Niebla, Silvia, and Carmen Ascanio-Sánchez. "Connected Sahrawi refugee diaspora in Spain: Gender, social media and digital transnational gossip." European Journal of Cultural Studies 23, no. 5 (September 9, 2019): 768–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549419869357.

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While there is increasing scholarly attention given to the impact of digital technologies on forced migration, the points of view and situated experiences of refugees living in the diaspora are understudied. This article addresses Sahrawis refugee diasporas, which have close ties with the Sahrawi political cause. Resulting from the unresolved Western Sahara conflict, Sahrawi forced migrants are at the eye of one of the world’s most protracted refugee situations. While most Sahrawis live in refugee camps in Algeria, some Sahrawis have managed to travel onwards. Social media allows those living elsewhere to maintain connections with contacts living in their original refugee camp. However, Facebook has become a complex environment, particularly for Sahrawi women. Gendered mechanisms of control, such as digital transnational gossip, result in a paradoxical politics of belonging: these women simultaneously desire to keep in touch but do not want to become a subject of gossip. From narratives of Sahrawi young women based in Spain gathered through interviews between 2016 and 2018, as well as a specific Facebook campaign and fan page, the focus is on strategies Sahrawi women develop to avoid and confront digital transnational gossip.

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2

Finden, Alice. "Active Women and Ideal Refugees: Dissecting Gender, Identity and Discourse in the Sahrawi Refugee Camps." Feminist Review 120, no. 1 (November 2018): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41305-018-0139-2.

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Since the Moroccan invasion in 1975, official reports on visits to Sahrawi refugee camps by international aid agencies and faith-based groups consistently reflect an overwhelming impression of gender equality in Sahrawi society. As a result, the space of the Sahrawi refugee camps in Algeria and, by external association, Sahrawi society and Western Sahara as a nation-in-exile is constructed as ‘ideal’ (Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, 2010, p. 67). I suggest that the ‘feminist nationalism’ of the Sahrawi nation-in-exile is one that is employed strategically by internal representatives of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Río de Oro (POLISARIO), the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) and the National Union of Sahrawi Women (NUSW), and by external actors from international aid agencies and also the colonial Moroccan state. The international attention paid to the active role of certain women in Sahrawi refugee camps makes ‘Other’ Sahrawi invisible, such as children, young women, mothers, men, people of lower socio-economic statuses, (‘liberated’) slave classes and refugees who are not of Sahrawi background. According to Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh ( ibid.), it also creates a discourse of ‘good’, ‘ideal’ refugees who are reluctant to complain, in contrast to ‘Other refugees’. This feminisation allows the international community not to take the Sahrawi call for independence seriously and reproduces the myth of Sahrawi refugees as naturally non-violent (read feminine) and therefore ‘ideal’. The myth of non-violence accompanied by claims of Sahrawi secularity is also used to distance Western Sahara from ‘African’, ‘Arab’ and ‘Islamic’, to reaffirm racialised and gendered discourses that associate Islam with terrorism and situate both in the Arab/Muslim East. These binaries make invisible the violence that Sahrawis experience as a result of the gendered constructions of both internal and external actors, and silence voices of dissent and frustration with the more than forty years of waiting to return home.

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3

van Ruysseveldt, Peter. "Het Constitutioneel Kader van de Demokratische Arabische Republiek Der Sahra Wi’s." Afrika Focus 10, no. 3-4 (February 2, 1994): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0100304005.

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The Constitutional Framework of the Democratic Arabic Republic of the Sahra Wi’s Each constitution is a juridical source of standards. Moreover, each constitution is also a political instrument which expresses a certain political philosophy. The analysis of a constitution produces views concerning the real or ideal political regime, the internal relations of power attendant upon it, the way on which the individual participates in the exercise of the political and real power, ... February 1976, the Democratic Arabic Republic of the Sahrawi's was proclaimed and the first constitution was promulgated. During its congress, August 1976, the Polisario Front voted a second constitution. Responding to the changed -and changing- international context, at which the accession of the Democratic Arabic Republic of the Sahrawi's to the Organisation of African Unity was a matter of great importance, a brand new constitution was promulgated. This constitution has force of law as long as the obtaining of independence for the Sahrawi-people isn’t reached. In 1991 a new constitution was promulgated. This constitution seems to have all the stipulations, needed to be a ‘good’ democratic constitution. Therefore, it's now up to the Sahrawi’s to realise this good intentions and to fill them in correctly.

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4

Damis, John. "Sahrawi Demonstrations." Middle East Report, no. 218 (2001): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1559310.

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5

Mormul, Joanna. "Hijos de las nubes i 45 lat marzeń: uchodźcy Saharawi na terytorium Algierii." Politeja 18, no. 6(75) (December 16, 2021): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.18.2021.75.08.

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Hijos de las nubes and 45 Years of Dreams: Saharawi Refugees in Algeria Over the years, the issue of the protracted exile of the Saharawi people in Algeria as a consequence of the so far unresolved conflict over the Western Sahara has become a highly politicized problem. The protracted standstill and the lack of clear prospects for a referendum that would ultimately end the conflict make it questionable that the Sahrawi refugee situation will change quickly. The article attempts to analyse the status of the Sahrawi people, taking into account the uniqueness of the Sahrawi refugee camps in Algeria and their importance for the still unsolved problem of Western Sahara. It is based largely on qualitative data collected from fieldwork in Algeria (including Sahrawi refugee camps), Mauritania and Morocco, and the Rabat-controlled territory of Western Sahara, as well as interviews and conversations with representatives of Spanish NGOs involved in helping Sahrawi refugees, Sahrawi living or temporarily staying in Spain and researchers working at Spanish universities.

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6

Smeshko, E. I. "Sahrawi Refugees in Algeria: How Do “The People in Exile” Live?" Islam in the modern world 16, no. 2 (July 25, 2020): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2020-16-2-243-254.

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The article is devoted to the study of the conditions of life of the Sahrawi people who live in refugee camps in Algeria since 1970s due to the Western Sahara conflict. The process of political settlement of the Western Sahara conflict has been de facto suspended, however the situation in the Sahrawi refugee camps remains unstable and requires new solutions and international cooperation. The article provides a historical overview of the emergence of the refugee camps in Tindouf and examines existing mechanisms for international supporting the Sahrawi people. The author tends to analyze activities of the UN system organizations and agencies. Annual events within the framework of the FiSahara Film Festival to support Sahrawi are reported. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of Islam in Sahrawi society and the possibilities to benefit from the Islamic identity of the Sahrawi people to the Islamic cooperation and helping for refugees from Muslimmajority states. It is shown that the authorities of the unrecognized Sahara Arab Democratic Republic (the front POLISARIO) create the image of the secular Sahrawi community to overcome Islamophobia and receive humanitarian aid from a wide range of non-governmental organizations, including Christian and secular ones. At the same time, the true religious component of refugees’ life is hidden from the international community.

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7

Solana, Vivian. "Between Publics and Privates." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 40, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-8186148.

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Abstract This article discusses the hypervisibility of the Sahrawi munaḍila (female militant) within dominant representations of a Sahrawi revolutionary nationalism. Drawing connections between nation-state building processes, the production of space, and gendered subjectivities, it destabilizes assumptions of institutions as devoid of political movement and shows how the spaces of the National Organization of Sahrawi Women allow women to inhabit the position of loyal critic toward their movement's dominant model of female empowerment. These positions reveal transformations to the way in which space is inhabited intragenerationally, and they reflect the regeneration of a Sahrawi female militancy under the conditions of a protracted struggle for decolonization.

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8

Lippert, Anne. "Sahrawi Women in the Liberation Struggle of the Sahrawi People." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 17, no. 3 (April 1992): 636–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/494752.

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9

López-Entrambasaguas, Olga María, Jose Manuel Martínez-Linares, Manuel Linares-Abad, and María José Calero-García. "Is It Possible to Become a Nurse in a Refugee Camp?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (September 14, 2019): 3414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183414.

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The history of the Western Sahara has been marked by several events that have contributed to the protracted refugee situation in which the Sahrawi people have found themselves since 1975: the Spanish colonization and the subsequent decolonization process, the armed struggles between the indigenous population and the states of Morocco and Mauritania to occupy Western Saharan territory, assassinations and repression of the Sahrawi population, and the economic interests of external agents with regards to mineral resources. Twenty-five years ago, in the hostile environment of the Sahrawi refugee camps, a nursing school was founded. Essentially depending on foreign aid, this school has been responsible for training nursing professionals to meet the healthcare needs of the population. The aim of this paper is to provide an approach to the origin and evolution of nursing education for the Sahrawi refugee camps. The Sahrawi are the only refugee camps in the world to host such nursing schools.

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10

Almenara-Niebla, Silvia. "Making digital ‘home-camps’: Mediating emotions among the Sahrawi refugee diaspora." International Journal of Cultural Studies 23, no. 5 (August 8, 2020): 728–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877920921876.

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The concept of home relates to feelings of belonging coupled with emotionally meaningful relationships. In protracted refugee situations, the concept of home is re-signified by the material and symbolic conditions of living in exile. This article focuses on the Sahrawi refugee diaspora in the Tindouf refugee camps in Algeria to examine the role of emotions in the relationship between home and digital technology practices. Based on the narratives of Sahrawi refugees who were living in the camps at the time of the research fieldwork in 2016 as well as interviews with media activists, this article details Sahrawi refugees’ transnational dynamics in consolidating their camps as a home through feelings of digital connectivity. Thereby, it analyses multiple scales of digital home-making among Sahrawi refugees while exploring the ways in which refugees have generated emotional strategies to create a sense of home through their everyday digital practices.

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11

Farah, Randa. "Refugee Camps in the Palestinian and Sahrawi National Liberation Movements: A Comparative Perspective." Journal of Palestine Studies 38, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2009.38.2.76.

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Drawing on ethnographic field research, this analysis compares the evolution of refugee camps as incubators of political organization and repositories of collective memory for Palestinian refugees in Jordan and Sahrawi refugees of the Western Sahara. While recognizing the significant differences between the historical and geopolitical contexts of the two groups and their national movements (the PLO and Polisario, respectively), the author examines the Palestinian and Sahrawi projects of national consciousness formation and institution-building, concluding that Palestinian camps are ““mapped”” in relation to the past, while political organization in Sahrawi camps evidences a forward-looking vision.

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12

Tavakoli, Judit. "Cultural entrepreneurship of Sahrawi refugees." African Identities 18, no. 3 (June 24, 2020): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2020.1777086.

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13

Landeros-Casillas, Martha Ileana. "La fotografía como intermediaria en un proyecto artístico- educativo informal que retrató la vida de las mujeres saharauis." Revista Electrónica Educare 20, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ree.20-2.13.

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This investigation was carried out in one of the most unwelcoming areas of the Sahara Desert, in the argelian Tindouf Refugee Camps where part of the Sahrawi community lives. A photography workshop was held for the women with the aim of allowing their images show the reality around them and work to reweave the social fabric broken, not voluntarily but under imposition. Recovering the public space, through voices and looks, will let us understand, from the perspective and opinions of the Sahrawi women, their longings and feelings, in order that such visual, verbal and textual narratives generate more successful actions to support reality-aware and solidarity programs. In addition, the international community was sensitized about a reality that is present even if it seems unreal and far away. To understand the discourses of the sahrawi women, gender and subaltern studies were considered, and to visualize their voices and creations we focused on educational research from horizontality offered by the Entre Voces (Between Voices) methodology.

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14

Martín, Carmen Gómez. "Rethinking the Concept of a “Durable Solution”: Sahrawi Refugee Camps Four Decades On." Ethics & International Affairs 31, no. 1 (2017): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679416000642.

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The Sahrawi people, who have long lived in the western part of the Sahara, have been housed in refugee camps in Tindouf, Algeria, since 1975—the year that Morocco took de facto control of Western Sahara. Their situation poses many questions, including those regarding the status of their state-in-exile, the role of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, and the length of their displacement. The conditions in the Tindouf camps present a paradigmatic case study of the liminal space inhabited by long-term refugees. Over the decades, residents have transformed these camps into a state-like structure with their own political and administrative institutions, which has enabled the international community to gain time to search for an acceptable political solution to the long-term conflict between the Polisario Front (the Sahrawi rebel national liberation movement) and the Moroccan government. The existence of a state-like structure, however, should not itself be understood as the ultimate solution for the thousands of people in these camps, who are currently living in extreme poverty, surviving on increasingly meager international aid, and enduring an exceptionally long wait for the favorable conditions whereby they may return to their place of origin.

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15

Bengochea Tirado, Enrique, and Francesco Correale. "Modernising Violence and Social Change in the Spanish Sahara (1957–1975)." Itinerario 44, no. 1 (April 2020): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115320000042.

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AbstractIn Spain's last colony, Western Sahara, both efforts by the colonial power to stimulate development and the negative impacts of colonisation intensified between the end of the Ifni-Sahara War (1957–58) and the Spanish withdrawal in 1975. Spanish economical and geopolitical interests triggered an important industrial and urban development of the territory. Cities such as Laayoune, Villa Cisneros, Smara, and the Bou Craa phosphate deposits were to showcase Spanish modernising colonial policies.However, the effects of war, the control of colonial frontiers, and severe droughts during the 1960s strongly affected Sahrawi society. In this context, the Spanish colonial state developed new forms of control over the Sahrawi population, which included the progressive (forced) settling of nomadic people around military posts and Spanish cities, bringing about the adoption of new economic paradigms. Not only did the Francoist government distribute subsidies, both money and goods; it furthermore implemented policies aimed at controlling the Sahrawi way of life, particularly in the areas of hygiene, education, and gender relations. The essay analyses these “carrot-and-stick” strategies at the intersection of colonial control and forced sedentarisation with regard to the implementation of a market-oriented economy in Western Sahara.

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16

Mundy, Jacob. "Book Review: The Ideal Refugees: Gender, Islam, and the Sahrawi Politics of Survival." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 31, no. 1 (April 2, 2015): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40145.

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17

Loewenberg, Samuel. "Displacement is permanent for the Sahrawi refugees." Lancet 365, no. 9467 (April 2005): 1295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61010-0.

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18

Volpato, Gabriele, and Anna Waldstein. "Eghindi Among Sahrawi Refugees of Western Sahara." Medical Anthropology 33, no. 2 (February 10, 2014): 160–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2013.844129.

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19

Carretero-Anibarro, Enrique, and Mansur Hamud-Uedha. "Prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Sahrawi population of the Sahrawi refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria." Medicina Clínica (English Edition) 155, no. 10 (November 2020): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2019.05.039.

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20

Drury, Mark. "Disidentification with Nationalist Conflict." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 40, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-8186137.

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Abstract This article explores how physical movement and political mobility have been central to different forms of loyalty and critique that have historically underpinned political authority in the Sahara. After outlining several expressions of loyalty characteristic of political authority in the Sahara and their interrelationship with movement and mobility, the article focuses on the figure of the ‘a'id, or returnee, a subject position that has been produced by the conflict between Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic state-in-exile. Defined as someone who leaves Sahrawi refugee camps and “returns” to Morocco, the ‘a'id has been associated with betrayal and opportunism since emerging as a subject position near the end of armed conflict in the late 1980s. As the significance of this subject position has changed, the article considers how the ‘a'id illustrates the politics of disidentification for those subjected to the binaries of prolonged nationalist conflict.

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21

Crivello, Gina, Elena Fiddian, and Dawn Chatty. "Mobility and the Care of Sahrawi Refugee Youth." Anthropology News 47, no. 5 (May 2006): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/an.2006.47.5.29.

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22

Wilson, Alice. "Ambiguities of Radicalism After Insurgents Become Rulers: Conflicting Pressures on Revolutionary State Power in Western Sahara’s Liberation Movement." Government and Opposition 55, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 617–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.50.

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AbstractArmed insurgents seeking to seize the state often aim to transform the nature of state power. Yet for insurgents who become ruling authorities, how do radical visions of state power influence governance after the urgency of war? This article examines state-building in the liberation movement for Western Sahara, a partially recognized state which has ruled an exiled civilian Sahrawi population in Algeria from wartime through to a prolonged ceasefire. Drawing on in-depth qualitative fieldwork, and engaging with theories of radicalism, post-war sociopolitical reconstruction and anomalous forms of state power, the article traces how post-ceasefire international and domestic contexts created conflicting pressures and opportunities for both the moderation, and the continuation, of Sahrawi refugees’ wartime radical governance. This case of insurgents-turned-rulers suggests how radicalism and moderation are overlapping processes, how moderation is not necessarily an ‘undoing’ of radicalism, and how radical ideas matter for leadership and grassroots militants in different ways.

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23

Torres, Lourdes Patricia Iñiguez. "On Cultural Interchange: Learning with and from Sahrawi Children." Proceedings of the African Futures Conference 1, no. 1 (June 2016): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2573-508x.2016.tb00087.x.

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24

Sánchez, Carolina Jiménez. "Refugee women in the Sahrawi camps: towards gender equality." International Journal of Gender Studies in Developing Societies 1, no. 4 (2016): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgsds.2016.079892.

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25

Jiménez Sánchez, Carolina. "Refugee women in the Sahrawi camps: towards gender equality." International Journal of Gender Studies in Developing Societies 1, no. 4 (2016): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgsds.2016.10000756.

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26

THOMAS, A., and G. WILSON. "Technological Capabilities in Textile Production in Sahrawi Refugee Camps." Journal of Refugee Studies 9, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 182–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/9.2.182.

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27

Lalle, Marco, Fabrizio Bruschi, Barbara Castagna, Mario Campa, Edoardo Pozio, and Simone M. Cacciò. "High genetic polymorphism among Giardia duodenalis isolates from Sahrawi children." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 103, no. 8 (August 2009): 834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.04.017.

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28

Menéndez Álvarez, Nuria, Emiliano Díez, and Estíbaliz Jiménez Arberas. "Analysis of daily occupations and engagement in Sahrawi refugee camps." Journal of Occupational Science 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2021.1897964.

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29

Guijarro, Ester, María Clavel, and Álvaro Fernández-Baldor. "Participatory Methodologies for Self-Management of Waste: Case Study for the Reduction of Plastics in the Sahrawi Refugee Camps." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042037.

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According to the United Nations, if measures are not taken by 2050, there will be more plastic in the ocean than there are fish. This work addresses this issue by proposing an adaptation of the CLTS, a methodology used in sanitation to promote behavioural changes, to the waste management sector. The methodology is applied in the Sahrawi refugee camps through two phases: a first one in which the specific context is analysed to achieve a real diagnosis of the problem and a second phase in which the CLTS is adapted proposing the use of various participatory techniques in order to reduce the use of plastic bags. The analysis of the information collected in the first phase shows that plastic bags constitute the highest percentage of waste and that the best solution to reduce the consumption of plastic bags is by actively raising awareness among the community through training and talks. This justifies the second phase where a practical guide is provided on how Sahrawi people themselves can become aware of the problem and triggering the desire for change in the community. Thus, the philosophy of the methodology proposed here is that people are capable of self-organising and solving their own problems.

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30

Harkai, István. "Violation of Humanitarian Law and Infringement of Human Rights in the Last “Colony” of Africa." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2015.1.7.

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On the surface, Western Sahara is one of the most uninteresting regions of Africa, but anyone interested in international law, can easily find many exciting issues to explore. After a brief historical review, the author will try to examine the abuse of human rights and, the infringement of international humanitarian law which were committed by the parties during the fight for freedom of the Sahrawi people. The essay also analyses the circumstances of the refugees.

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Pérez-Cambrodí, Rafael José, Francisco Sañudo Buitrago, Juan Pedro Ruiz Fortes, and Genís Cardona. "Biometric characterization of the anterior segment in a Sahrawi pediatric population." Journal of Optometry 6, no. 2 (April 2013): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2012.05.007.

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32

López Belloso, María. "Migration and Vulnerability: Challenges, Implications and Difficulties Faced by the Sahrawi Migrant Population." Age of Human Rights Journal, no. 7 (December 20, 2016): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.n7.8.

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This article analyses transnational communities through the case study of the Sahrawi migrant community in Spain. After reviewing the most important theoretical contributions on transnational migration and determining the characteristics of these communities, this article will examine potential difficulties that derive from regulations and from the process of acquiring citizenship, which in turn affect the inclusion of this group of migrants within the host society. The article studies whether these regulations and processes may become determinants of this group’s vulnerability, and provides the main conclusions deriving from the challenges that this community faces.

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33

Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Elena. "Paradoxes of Sahrawi refugees' educational migration: promoting self-sufficiency or renewing dependency?" Comparative Education 47, no. 4 (June 9, 2011): 433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2011.560710.

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34

Bengochea Tirado, Enrique. "Nomads and Nation-Building in the Western Sahara. Gender, Politics and the Sahrawi, de Konstantina Isidoros." AIBR. Revista de Antropología Iberoamericana 14, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11156/aibr.v14i2.72619.

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En Nomads and Nation-Building in the Western Sahara. Gender, Politics and the Sahrawi, la antropóloga Konstantina Isidoros condensa los resultados de más de una década de trabajo en los campos de refugiados saharauis. Es esta una monografía que aparece en un contexto de creciente interés antropológico sobre este espacio, precedida por la publicación del trabajo de la también antropóloga Alice Wilson, y siendo inmediatamente anterior al de la investigadora Joanna Allan. A su vez, en los últimos años toda una serie de obras colectivas ha venido a renovar este campo de estudios, aportando nuevas problemáticas y tejiendo análisis.

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35

Soroeta, Juan. "LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WALL IN THE OCCUPIED SAHRAWI TERRITORY." Spanish Yearbook of International Law 23 (December 31, 2019): 362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17103/sybil.23.24.

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36

Becke, Johannes. "Saharan Zion: state evasion and state-making in modern Jewish and Sahrawi history." Journal of Israeli History 37, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2019.1645309.

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37

Olivius, Elisabeth. "Book Review: The Ideal Refugees: Gender, Islam, and the Sahrawi Politics of Survival." International Migration Review 51, no. 3 (September 2017): e47-e47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imre.12350.

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38

Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, E. "The Pragmatics of Performance: Putting 'Faith' in Aid in the Sahrawi Refugee Camps." Journal of Refugee Studies 24, no. 3 (July 18, 2011): 533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fer027.

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39

Isidoros, Konstantina. "Nomads and Nation Building in the Western Sahara: Gender, Politics and the Sahrawi." Nomadic Peoples 23, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/np.2019230209.

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40

Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Elena. "Transnational childhood and adolescence: mobilizing Sahrawi identity and politics across time and space." Ethnic and Racial Studies 36, no. 5 (January 12, 2012): 875–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2011.631557.

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Skuczyński, Maciej. "Działania Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych na rzecz dekolonizacji i pokoju w Saharze Zachodniej." Refleksje. Pismo naukowe studentów i doktorantów WNPiD UAM, no. 13 (October 31, 2018): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/r.2016.1.10.

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The author examines the role of the United Nations in process of decolonisation of the Western Sahara. The article describes a modern history of Western Sahara focusing on the UN’s policies and activities related to this basing on resolutions, reports and other documents of the organization.The aim of the article is to present UN’s decolonisation and conflict resolution activities in Western Sahara. The text shows that the UN has remarkable achievements concerning the people of Sahara, although the main aim – self-determination of Sahrawi people by referendum – currently is unattainable because of idleness of great powers and firm stance of occupying state – the Kingdom of Morocco.

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Zoubir, Yahia H. "The Western Sahara Conflict: Regional and International Dimensions." Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 2 (June 1990): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00054434.

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King Hassan II of Morocco informed the French press in December 1988 that he was willing to talk to the Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y Río de Oro, known as the Polisario Front, which had been waging a war of national independence during the previous 15 years. Although the Moroccan Sovereign insisted that the subsequent meetings which took place on 4–5 January 1989 in Marrakesh constituted ‘discussions’ rather than ‘negotiations’, they undoubtedly represented a breakthrough in what has been dubbed by many as the ‘forgotten war’, not least because the mere acknowledgement of the Front's existence was in itself a de facto recognition of the Sahrawi liberation movement.

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Chiodelli, Francesco. "Spazi contesi in Africa e Medio Oriente." TERRITORIO, no. 61 (June 2012): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2012-061008.

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This report collects a series of papers that investigate the re¬lationship between planning and conflict in contexts that are ‘faraway' (and often discussed very little by urban studies in Italy): Jerusalem, Dakar, Istanbul, Nairobi, Cairo, and a Sahrawi refugee camp in Algeria. The cases analysed constitute a group that is obviously non-homogeneous in terms of scale, the cultural and political context and characteristics of the conflict; despite this, they are united by being ‘extreme' cases where conflicts over land use are particularly evident. Overall, they suggest how the relationship between space and conflict is not accidental, but instead ‘genetic', i.e., related to the profound nature of the operations of dividing and apportioning land.

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Novais, Rui Alexandre. "How the North pictures the neighbouring South: Portuguese press coverage of the Sahrawi conflict." Journal of African Media Studies 1, no. 3 (December 1, 2009): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams.1.3.415/1.

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Wilson, Alice. "Democratising elections without parties: reflections on the case of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic." Journal of North African Studies 15, no. 4 (December 2010): 423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629380903424380.

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O. J., Kaka, Sarki S. M., and Solomon B. L. "United Nations Mission Contribution Towards Conflict Resolution in Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, 1991-2019." African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration 4, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra_1fnlbck6.

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This study looks into the UN Mission and Conflict Resolution in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic from 1991 to 2019. Since 1975, when Spain granted the region to Morocco and Mauritania, Western Sahara has been in a state of political turmoil. The analysis used a descriptive and historical research style. A total of fifteen military personnel who have served or are currently serving in MINURSO, as well as two related civilians, were interviewed via Skype, Whatsapp, Messenger, and face-to-face interviews, with additional information obtained from journals and published books. The philosophy embraced and deemed important for this analysis was the Paris-proposed Liberal Peace. For the analysis, two research questions and objectives were established. The data was analysed using a descriptive and contextual approach. According to the findings, the unresolved disagreements over the status of Western Sahara include, among other things, the weak performance of the UN mission mandate, regional dominance squabbles between Algeria and Morocco, and finally, the combined super powers' self-interest and struggle for supremacy, which makes the resolution of the Western Sahara conflict difficult. The study suggests, among other things, that the UN move forward with the Settlement Plan's transitional and referendum phases. Major powers should once again avoid prioritizing their self-interests to the detriment of the general welfare of the local population impacted by the Western Sahara conflict.

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Moretti, Guido. "Un riparo nel deserto." TERRITORIO, no. 61 (June 2012): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2012-061015.

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"Imagine a shelter in the desert before building a house inside the walls of the city". This profound thought from Gibran (1988) lends itself to many interpretations. This paper considers traditional building techniques, typical of hostile natural environments (like the desert), which make up the invaluable heritage of knowledge that has forever helped mitigate harsh living conditions, to the point of producing advanced forms of civilization and culture where apparently not even survival seems certain (Fathy 1986; Moretti 2007). In the case of the Sahrawi camps, in southwest Algeria near Tindouf, the hostility of the natural environment has given rise to a series of ‘survival activities', utilizing the great wealth of resources present in the culture of the desert and the people of Western Sahara.

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Farah, Randa. "“Knowledge in the Service of the Cause”: Education and the Sahrawi Struggle for Self-Determination." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 27, no. 2 (January 18, 2012): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.34720.

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This article examines the education strategy of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), the state-in-exile with partial sovereignty on “borrowed territory” in Algeria. The article, which opens with a historical glance at the conflict, argues that SADR’s education program not only succeeded in fostering self-reliance by developing skilled human resources, but was forward looking, using education as a vehicle to instill “new traditions of citizenship” and a new imagined national community, in preparation for future repatriation. In managing refugee camps as provinces of a state, the boundaries between the “refugee” as status and the “citizen” as a political identity were blurred. However,the stalled decolonization process and prolonged exile produced new challenges and consequences. Rather than using the skilled human resources in an independent stat eof Western Sahara, the state-in-limbo forced SADR andthe refugees to adapt to a deadlocked conflict, but not necessarily with negative outcomes to the national project.

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Di Nardo, Antonello, Davide Rossi, Saleh M. Saleh, Saleh M. Lejlifa, Sidumu J. Hamdi, Annapia Di Gennaro, Giovanni Savini, and Michael V. Thrusfield. "Evidence of rift valley fever seroprevalence in the Sahrawi semi-nomadic pastoralist system, Western Sahara." BMC Veterinary Research 10, no. 1 (2014): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-10-92.

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Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, E. "Representing Sahrawi Refugees' 'Educational Displacement' to Cuba: Self-sufficient Agents or Manipulated Victims in Conflict?" Journal of Refugee Studies 22, no. 3 (July 14, 2009): 323–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fep019.

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