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Journal articles on the topic 'Saharawi'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Cordier, door Geert. "Het Conflict van de Westelijke Sahara : Een Muur van Zand en Een Muur van Stilte." Afrika Focus 2, no. 3-4 (January 12, 1986): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0020304003.

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The Conflict of the Western Sahara: A Wall of Sand and a Wall of Silence. For more than a decade the Saharawi people have been fighting for their independence, first against the Spanish colonialists then against Morocco and Mauretania. Although Mauretania has withdrawn from the conflict, the POLISARIO-front, the liberation organisation of the Saharawi people, remains at war with Morocco. The Western Sahara, thus still forms a pole of tension in Northern Africa but the European Press does not pay it much attention. However committees to support the Saharawi people have been trying to break clown this wall of silence. An “intergroupe de solidarité avec le peuple sahraoui”, set up in the European parliament in May 1986, may constitute a major step towards mobilizing public opinion on the Saharawi case. This article, which gives a chronology of the conflict in its regional context, seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the problems of the Saharawi.

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2

Ciesielkiewicz, Monika, and Oscar Garrido Guijarro. "Saharawi Women - Educators and Promoters of Peace." Issues in Social Science 5, no. 2 (September 11, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/iss.v5i2.11313.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of Saharawi women as educators and promoters of peace. The study includes published research on the topic, as well as two interviews conducted with a Paz Martín Lozano, a Spanish politician who is an expert on Saharawi issues, and Jadiyetu El Mohtar, a Saharawi activist and representative of the National Union of Saharawi Women (UNMS) who was well known by the Spanish media due to the hunger strike that she went on at the Lanzarote Airport in 2009. Despite the unbearable extreme conditions, Saharawi people were able to organize their political, economic and social life in refugee camps in the middle of a desert, mainly thanks to the incredible Saharawi women who educate their children to fight for the liberation of the territory of Western Sahara in a peaceful and non-violent way. They are striving for the recognition of the Saharawi cause at the international level and raising awareness of their right to self-determination through a free and fair referendum. They provide an excellent example for their children and transmit the values of peace, non-violent resistance, and not despairing in the face of difficult circumstances.

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3

Baers, Michael. "Concerning intent, interpretation, memory and ambiguity in the work of an informal collective working on the Western Sahara conflict." Memory Studies 12, no. 3 (June 2019): 294–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698019836190.

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In October 2016 I made my first visit to the refugee camps of Western Sahara’s Saharawi people near the Algerian town of Tindouf. This was an opportunity to advance my research on the work of an “informal collective” who work with a collection of photographs belonging to Moroccan soldiers, seized by SPLA (Saharawi People’s Liberation Army) over the course of 15 years spent fighting Moroccan forces. In this essay, I conceptualize the relationship between two disparate practices centering around photography—that of the Saharawi’s political organization, the Front Polisario, and the work undertaken by this informal collective. The latter’s work involves exploring the ontological coordinates of these photographs in a dialogical setting. Besides probing the many resonances between the group’s work and the Polisario’s treatment of the photographs of Moroccans in their possession, this essay is also concerned with the relationship between the conflict and its medial representation.

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4

Chigudu, Daniel. "Delayed Peace and Tranquillity in Africa’s ‘Last Colony’: What Next for Western Sahara?" Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 59 (September 20, 2019): 1347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.59.1347.1356.

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The conflicts in Western Sahara have not been resolved conclusively for 43 years now with some referring to them as ‘frozen’ conflicts in Africa’s last colony. A clear case of decolonisation turned out to be a genesis of displacement and protracted suffering of the Saharawi people from the former coloniser to another handler arguably backed by some invisible external hegemons. This study is a qualitative research using secondary data and thematic analysis to investigate Western Sahara’s unending conflicts and the way forward. Located in the conflict theory, findings indicate that the past failed interventions by the United Nations have been a result of the influence of superpowers wielding levers of power in the United Nations Security Council with vested interests in the country. Morocco the new coloniser is a neighbouring country reluctant to cede power while taping the mineral and water resources which Western Sahara is abundantly endowed with. As the Saharawi people are not obliged to give in, the conflict rages on unabated. The latest United Nations intervention could avert the conflict situation as it appears that those who had vested interests are now recoiling. The situation should not be tolerated any further and the Sahrawis deserve better, peace and tranquillity in their homeland. It is recommended that, in the letter and spirit of multilateralism, the African Union and regional economic communities across Africa should swiftly intervene even though it is now late than never.

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5

Vinagrero Ávila, José Antonio. "La educación en los campamentos saharauis: un sistema educativo en el refugio y en el desierto." Revista Española de Educación Comparada, no. 35 (December 20, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/reec.35.2020.25174.

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When in 1975 Spain leaves to its fate the inhabitants of the former Spanish province of Western Sahara, most of the Saharawi population has to flee their homes chased by the armies of Morocco and Mauritania in the operation known as “Ecouvillon” while the civilian population marched to Saharaui territory in "The Green March" .In this flight to the desert find refuge in an inhospitable territory of the Algerian Hamada where, located in four camps, declare the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), organizing basic services that allow the survival of the population as well as the possibility of return and government of the territory of Western Sahara in the future. Within the hardness of the situation emerges something exceptional and it is the main axis of this article. The Saharawi people are able to create in the desert refugee camps an educational system that reduces illiteracy in the population as a whole and in childhood in particular. They have been able to organize an educational system in which practically 100% of children are in school, reducing the illiteracy of 90% of the population, in colonial times, to data similar to those of developed countries. In the education of the camps you can study children's education, primary, secondary and also vocational training. In this article we will go deeper into the main characteristics and difficulties of a structured educational system practically without economic resources, but what represents a great commitment to education as a form of struggle, social and political progress. We will also analyze the role of the Spanish Government as a donor of humanitarian aid to these people, as well as its political responsibility in a conflict that has been open for more than 40 years, with Western Sahara being the only territory in the world pending decolonization.

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6

Yousfi, Kenza. "Revisiting Community Organizing and National Liberation in the Saharawi Feminist Politics." Kohl: A Journal for Body and Gender Research 2, Summer (June 1, 2016): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36583/kohl/2-1-7.

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This paper examines how Saharawi feminist political praxis shapes community organizing and national liberation politics. I attempt to disrupt the binaries of national liberation and freedom through a reading of the political and temporal context of the engagements of National Union of Saharawi Women feminists in the refugee camps, in Tindouf, Algeria. From ethnographic encounters, the paper aims to challenge the linearity of violence in armed conflict by looking into nuances and politics of feminists who challenge the equation of national liberation as state-building, and simultaneously argue for more just and inclusive forms of organizing for the Saharawi community. This research looks at Saharawi feminist politics and visions for the future that are vigilantly articulated from within militarized institutions and protracted armed conflict.

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7

Leone, Alessandro, Alberto Battezzati, Sara Di Lello, Stefano Ravasenghi, Babahmed Mohamed-Iahdih, Saleh Mohamed Lamin Saleh, and Simona Bertoli. "Dietary Habits of Saharawi Type II Diabetic Women Living in Algerian Refugee Camps: Relationship with Nutritional Status and Glycemic Profile." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (February 22, 2020): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020568.

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Diabetes is one of the main health problems among Saharawi refugees living in Algerian camps, especially for women. As is known, diet plays an important role in the management of diabetes. However, the dietary habits of Saharawi diabetic women are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the dietary habits and established their relationship with the nutritional status and glycemic profile of such women. We recruited 65 Saharawi type II diabetic women taking orally glucose-lowering drugs only. Dietary habits were investigated using qualitative 24 h recall carried out over three non-consecutive days. Anthropometric measurements were taken and blood parameters were measured. About 80% of the women were overweight and about three out of four women had uncompensated diabetes and were insulin resistant. The Saharawi diet was found to mainly include cereals, oils, sugars, vegetables (especially onions, tomatoes, and carrots), tea, and meat. Principal component analysis identified two major dietary patterns, the first one “healthy” and the second one “unhealthy”. Women in the higher tertile of adherence to the unhealthy dietary pattern had a higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA) index (b = 2.49; 95% CI: 0.41–4.57; p = 0.02) and circulating insulin (b = 4.52; 95% CI: 0.44–8.60; p = 0.03) than the women in the lowest tertile. Food policies should be oriented to improve the quality of diet of Saharawi diabetic women.

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8

Martin, Juan carlos gimeno. "Western Sahara." Tensões Mundiais 13, no. 25 (September 24, 2018): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33956/tensoesmundiais.v13i25.350.

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This article aims to reveal the complicity of the international community with Moroccan colonialism in Western Sahara. Since 1987, the Moroccan wall separates the Saharawi people into two groups: one group lives under Moroccan occupation, the other lives in exile camps in Southern Algeria. It is a Bedouin village, nomadic, colonized by Spain, but has maintained a persistent anti-colonial resistance and struggle for self-determination.

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9

Henjum, Sigrun, Inger Aakre, Tor A. Strand, and Liv Elin Torheim. "Excessive iodine status among Saharawi refugees." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 45 (January 2018): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.09.015.

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10

Wallace, Tina. "Saharawi women: ‘between ambition and suffering’." Gender & Development 2, no. 1 (February 1994): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09682869308520001.

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11

Soriano, J. M., G. Domènech, J. Mañes, A. I. Catalá-Gregori, and I. E. Barikmo. "Disorders of malnutrition among the Saharawi children." Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética 15, no. 1 (January 2011): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2173-1292(11)70003-5.

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12

Ruys, Tom. "THE ROLE OF STATE IMMUNITY AND ACT OF STATE IN THE NM CHERRY BLOSSOM CASE AND THE WESTERN SAHARA DISPUTE." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 68, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589318000349.

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AbstractIn early 2018, the Polisario Front and the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) obtained a favourable ruling from the South African Courts, granting the SADR ownership over a cargo of phosphate aboard the NM Cherry Blossom originating from a mine in the Moroccan-controlled part of the Western Sahara. Although hitherto largely unnoticed in legal circles, the Cherry Blossom case raises important questions concerning the outer bounds of State immunity and the scope of the act of State doctrine. In addition, the case holds potentially far-reaching ramifications for the international legal order if other domestic courts were to follow suit.

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13

Soriano, J. M., G. Domènech, J. Mañes, and A. I. Catalá-Gregori. "Reduction of earwax with hypoacusia in Saharawi children." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Extra 5, no. 1 (January 2010): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedex.2009.01.001.

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14

Catassi, C., I. M. Rätsch, L. Gandolfi, R. Pratesi, E. Fabiani, R. El Asmar, M. Frijia, and I. Bearzi. "IS COELIAC DISEASE ENDEMIC AMONG THE SAHARAWI CHILDREN ?" Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition 28, no. 5 (May 1999): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199905000-00047.

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15

Hagen, Erik. "Saharawi conflict phosphates and the Australian dinner table." Global Change, Peace & Security 27, no. 3 (September 2, 2015): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2015.1083541.

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16

Bontems, Claude. "The government of the Saharawi Arab democratic republic." Third World Quarterly 9, no. 1 (January 1987): 168–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436598708419967.

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17

Quesada, Elia, Jose Luís Sanchidrián, Hossein Mohamed, Liha Abderrahman, Chaiaa Malainin, Mohamed Salem, and Nana Dah Moh. Abdalla. "Empowering the Local Saharawi People: Training for Rock Art Documentation in Western Sahara (DARSSO Project)." African Archaeological Review 35, no. 2 (June 2018): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-018-9301-7.

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18

Aakre, Inger, Sigrun Henjum, Elin Folven Gjengedal, Camilla Risa Haugstad, Marie Vollset, Khalil Moubarak, Tecber Saleh Ahmed, Jan Alexander, Marian Kjellevold, and Marianne Molin. "Trace Element Concentrations in Drinking Water and Urine among Saharawi Women and Young Children." Toxics 6, no. 3 (July 21, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics6030040.

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Poor water quality has been reported along with a variety of negative health outcomes in the Saharawi refugee camps in Algeria. We assessed the concentration of elements in drinking water and urine in refugee women and children. Twenty-four samples of distributed public drinking water were collected, along with urine samples from 77 women and 296 children. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we analyzed water and urine for 31 and 10 elements, respectively. In addition, the water samples were analyzed for five anions by ion-exchange chromatography. Data were described according to two areas: zone 1 with purified water and water with naturally better quality, and zone 2 with only partially purified water. Most elements in drinking water had significantly higher concentration in zone 2 compared with zone 1. Sodium, chloride, nitrite, and nitrate were the parameters that exceeded the WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Among both women and children, urinary concentration of vanadium, arsenic, selenium, lead, iodine, and uranium exceeded reference values, and most of the elements were significantly higher in zone 2 compared to zone 1. Even though water purification in the Saharawi refugee camps has increased during the last years, some elements are still exceeding the WHO guidelines for drinking water quality. Moreover, urinary exposure of some elements exceeded reference values from the literature. Further effort should be made to improve the water quality among the Saharawi refugees.

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19

Lionetti, Paolo, Tania Favilli, Giuseppina Chiaravalloti, Claudio Ughi, and Giuseppe Maggiore. "Coeliac disease in Saharawi children in Algerian refugee camps." Lancet 353, no. 9159 (April 1999): 1189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)74414-7.

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20

Dorothy Odartey-Wellington. "Walls, Borders, and Fences in Hispano-Saharawi Creative Expression." Research in African Literatures 48, no. 3 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/reseafrilite.48.3.04.

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21

Pichel, N., and M. Vivar. "Origin of thyroid dysfunction at the Saharawi refugee camps." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 48 (July 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.03.006.

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22

Rossetti, Sonia. "Saharawi women and their voices as political representatives abroad." Journal of North African Studies 17, no. 2 (March 2012): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2011.627772.

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23

Martín, Pablo San. "‘¡Estos locoscubarauis!’: the Hispanisation of Saharawi society (… after Spain)." Journal of Transatlantic Studies 7, no. 3 (September 2009): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14794010903069086.

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24

Allan, Joanna. "Nationalism, Resistance, and Patriarchy: The Poetry of Saharawi Women." Hispanic Research Journal 12, no. 1 (February 2011): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174582011x12869673314263.

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25

Gozalbo, Mónica, Marisa Guillen, Silvia Taroncher-Ferrer, Susana Cifre, David Carmena, José M. Soriano, and María Trelis. "Assessment of the Nutritional Status, Diet and Intestinal Parasites in Hosted Saharawi Children." Children 7, no. 12 (November 29, 2020): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7120264.

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Since the early 1990s, Spanish humanitarian associations have welcomed Saharawi children from the refugee camps in Tindouf (Argelia). These children are the most affected by the lack of food, water, hygienic measures and health care. The main objective of this study was to analyze the anthropometric, nutritional and parasitological data of 38 Saharawi boys and girls (from 10 to 13 years old) under a holiday host program in the city of Valencia. Our results confirm that malnutrition and multiparasitism are highly frequent, so it is understood that living conditions in refugee camps continue to be precarious with a lack of proper hygiene and nutrition. Furthermore, biochemical alterations, lactose malabsorption and the risk of celiac disease, also detected in our study as a secondary objective, will complicate nutritional management and restoration of health. For this reason, sustainable feeding alternatives and interventions from a hygienic and nutritional point of view are proposed, emphasizing in an improvement in the education of parents and children.

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26

Posada, Violeta Ruano. "PORTRAITS OF SAHARAWI MUSIC: WHEN CULTURAL PRESERVATION MEETS POLITICAL ACTIVISM." African Music: Journal of the International Library of African Music 10, no. 2 (2016): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21504/amj.v10i2.2040.

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27

Aakre, Inger, Trine Bjøro, Ingrid Norheim, Tor A. Strand, Ingrid Barikmo, and Sigrun Henjum. "Excessive iodine intake and thyroid dysfunction among lactating Saharawi women." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 31 (July 2015): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.09.009.

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28

Allan, J. "Imagining Saharawi women: the question of gender in POLISARIO discourse." Journal of North African Studies 15, no. 2 (June 2010): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629380902861103.

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29

Campbell, Madeline Otis. "Dissenting participation: unofficial politics in the 2007 Saharawi General Congress." Journal of North African Studies 15, no. 4 (December 2010): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629380903424398.

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30

Pezzino, Vincenzo. "Delivering Health Care in Saharawi Refugee Camps Near Tindouf (Algeria)." Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 2, no. 2 (2012): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nib.2012.0045.

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31

Henjum, Sigrun, Ingrid Barikmo, Anne Karine Gjerlaug, Abderraháman Mohamed-Lehabib, Arne Oshaug, Tor Arne Strand, and Liv Elin Torheim. "Endemic goitre and excessive iodine in urine and drinking water among Saharawi refugee children." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 9 (April 1, 2010): 1472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010000650.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of enlarged thyroid volume (Tvol) in Saharawi refugee children, and their urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and to identify possible sources of excess iodine intake.DesignA cross-sectional survey was performed during January–February 2007. Tvol was measured by ultrasound and iodine concentration was analysed in casual urine samples, in household drinking water and in milk samples from household livestock.SettingThe study was undertaken in four refugee camps in the Algerian desert.SubjectsThe subjects were 421 Saharawi children, 6–14 years old.ResultsEnlarged Tvol was found in 56 % (Tvol-for-age) and 86 % (Tvol-for-body-surface-area) of the children. The median (25th percentile–75th percentile, P25–P75) UIC was 565 (357–887) μg/l. The median (P25–P75) iodine concentration in household drinking water was 108 (77–297) μg/l. None of the children had UIC below 100 μg/l, 16 % had UIC between 100 and 299 μg/l, and 84 % had UIC above 300 μg/l. There was a positive association between Tvol and whether the household possessed livestock.ConclusionsThe children are suffering from endemic goitre and high UIC caused probably by an excessive intake of iodine. The excessive iodine intakes probably originate from drinking water and milk.

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Leone, Alessandro, Simona Bertoli, Sara Di Lello, Angela Bassoli, Stefano Ravasenghi, Gigliola Borgonovo, Fabio Forlani, and Alberto Battezzati. "Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder on Postprandial Blood Glucose Response: In Vivo Study on Saharawi People Living in Refugee Camps." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101494.

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The hypoglycemic effect in humans of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf powder has, to date, been poorly investigated. We assessed the chemical composition of MO leaf powder produced at Saharawi refugee camps, its in vitro ability to inhibit α-amylase activity, and its sensory acceptability in food. We then evaluated its effect on postprandial glucose response by randomly administering, on 2 different days, a traditional meal supplemented with 20 g of MO leaf powder (MOR20), or not (control meal, CNT), to 17 Saharawi diabetics and 10 healthy subjects. Capillary glycaemia was measured immediately before the meal and then at 30 min intervals for 3 h. In the diabetic subjects the postprandial glucose response peaked earlier with MOR20 compared to CNT and with lower increments at 90, 120, and 150 min. The mean glycemic meal response with MOR20 was lower than with CNT. The healthy subjects showed no differences. Thus, MO leaf powder could be a hypoglycemic herbal drug. However, given the poor taste acceptability of the 20 g MO meal, lower doses should be evaluated. Moreover, the hypoglycemic effects of MO leaf powder should also be demonstrated by trials evaluating its long-term effects on glycaemia.

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García-Seco, Teresa, Marta Pérez-Sancho, Eva Martínez-Nevado, Julio Álvarez, Julián Santiago-Moreno, Joaquín Goyache, Lucas Domínguez, and Nerea García. "DETECTION OFCOXIELLA BURNETIIINFECTION IN A SAHARAWI DORCAS GAZELLE (GAZELLA DORCAS NEGLECTA)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 47, no. 3 (September 2016): 939–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2015-0068.1.

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Garfì, M., S. Tondelli, and A. Bonoli. "Multi-criteria decision analysis for waste management in Saharawi refugee camps." Waste Management 29, no. 10 (October 2009): 2729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.05.019.

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35

Henjum, Sigrun, Ingrid Barikmo, Tor A. Strand, Arne Oshaug, and Liv Elin Torheim. "Iodine-induced goitre and high prevalence of anaemia among Saharawi refugee women." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 8 (November 7, 2011): 1512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011002886.

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AbstractObjectiveThe main objective was to assess iodine status (thyroid volume (Tvol) and urinary iodine concentration (UIC)) and their determinants in Saharawi refugee women.DesignA cross-sectional survey was performed during January–February 2007. Tvol was measured by ultrasound and iodine concentration was analysed in spot urine samples and in household drinking water. Anthropometry and Hb concentration were measured and background variables were collected using pre-coded questionnaires.SettingThe survey was undertaken in four long-term refugee camps in the Algerian desert.SubjectsNon-pregnant women (n 394), 15–45 years old, randomly selected.ResultsMedian (25th percentile–75th percentile (P25–P75)) UIC was 466 (294–725) μg/l. Seventy-four per cent had UIC above 300 μg/l and 46 % above 500 μg/l. Median (P25–P75) Tvol was 9·4 (7·4–12·0) ml and the goitre prevalence was 22 %. UIC was positively associated with iodine in drinking water and negatively associated with breast-feeding, and these two variables explained 28 % of the variation in UIC. The mean (sd) Hb level was 11·8 (2·4) g/dl. In total 46 % were anaemic with 14 %, 25 % and 7 %, classified with respectively mild, moderate and severe anaemia.ConclusionsThe Saharawi women had high UIC, high levels of iodine in drinking water and increased Tvol and probably suffered from iodine-induced goitre. The high prevalence of anaemia is considered to be a severe public health concern. To what extent the excessive iodine intake and the anaemia have affected thyroid function is unknown and should be addressed in future studies.

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36

Cross. "Silencing the Saharawi: Legal Fiction and Real Plunder in Africa's Last Colony." International Union Rights 25, no. 4 (2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14213/inteuniorigh.25.4.0013.

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37

Gimenez Amoros, Luis. "The Transcultural Representation of Saharawi Music by Mariem Hassan and Nubenegra Records." Popular Music and Society 41, no. 5 (August 8, 2017): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03007766.2017.1351291.

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38

Amoros, Luis Gimenez. "Nubenegra Records and Saharawi Music: A Musical and Social Interaction Beyond Transnationalism." Expressions maghrébines 17, no. 2 (2018): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/exp.2018.0025.

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39

Scavuzzo, Lina. "Abitare permanente in un territorio provvisorio: i campi profughi Saharawi in Algeria." TERRITORIO, no. 61 (June 2012): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2012-061014.

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This paper considers the political, social, and spatial consequences of the conflict in the Western Sahara and particularly the implications this has had in the development of refugee camps in Algeria. The essay revolves around three concepts. The first regards the support policies practiced by international governing bodies, through humanitarian aid aimed exclusively at satisfying basic needs. The second is the role international co-operation plays in the construction of a process of local development and therefore permanence in a territory the local community perceives as temporary. Finally, this paper considers the critical state created when a form of permanent habitation of a temporary territory collides with hostile environmental conditions in the absence of economic resources and above all the international policies that accompany this process.

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40

Martin-Márquez, Susan. "Brothers and Others: Fraternal Rhetoric and the Negotiation of Spanish and Saharawi Identity." Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies 7, no. 3 (November 2006): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14636200601084030.

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41

Catassi, Carlo, Simona Gatti, and Elena Lionetti. "World Perspective and Celiac Disease Epidemiology." Digestive Diseases 33, no. 2 (2015): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000369518.

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Abstract:

In Europe and the USA, the mean frequency of celiac disease (CD) in the general population is approximately 1%, with some regional differences, the reasons for which remain elusive. A similar disease prevalence has been found in other countries mostly populated by individuals of European origin, e.g. Australia and Argentina. In Western countries, a true rise in overall CD prevalence of CD has been documented. CD is a common disorder in North Africa, the Middle East and India; however, the diagnostic rate is low in these countries due to low availability of diagnostic facilities and poor disease awareness. The highest CD prevalence in the world (5.6%) has been described in an African population originally living in Western Sahara, the Saharawi, of Arab-Berber origin. The reasons for this high CD frequency are unclear but could be primarily related to recent dietary changes and genetic factors, given the high level of consanguinity of this population. Further studies are needed to quantify the incidence of the celiac condition in apparently ‘celiac-free' areas such as Sub-Saharan Africa and the Far East. In many developing countries, the frequency of CD is likely to increase in the near future given the diffuse tendency to adopt Western, gluten-rich dietary patterns. As most cases currently escape diagnosis all over the world, an effort should be made to increase the awareness of CD polymorphism. A cost-effective case-finding policy and new strategies of mass CD screening could significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with untreated disease. The current high prevalence of CD is just the last link in a chain of events started about 10,000 years ago after wheat domestication and diffusion from the Middle East. We hypothesize different mechanisms to explain the so-called evolutionary celiac paradox of co-localization of gluten consumption and HLA CD-predisposing genotypes.

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42

Esteban, J., C. Pereda Carrasco, J. Asencio, J. Barril, C. Gimeno, and M. C. Pellin. "A liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of corticoids in Saharawi lightening cosmetics." Toxicology Letters 205 (August 2011): S201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.692.

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43

Francavilla, Ruggiero, Danilo Ercolini, Lucia Vannini, Flavia Indrio, Teresa Capriati, Raffaella Di Cagno, Giuseppe Iacono, Maria De Angelis, and Marco Gobbetti. "Italian-style gluten-free diet changes the salivary microbiota and metabolome of African (Saharawi) celiac children." Digestive and Liver Disease 46 (September 2014): e88-e89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2014.07.063.

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44

Pichel, N., and M. Vivar. "A critical review on iodine presence in drinking water access at the Saharawi refugee camps (Tindouf, Algeria)." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 42 (July 2017): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.03.011.

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45

Amoros, Luis Gimenez. "Azawan: precolonial musical culture and Saharawi nationalism in the refugee camps of the Hamada Desert in Algeria." African Music: Journal of the International Library of African Music 10, no. 1 (2015): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21504/amj.v10i1.1225.

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46

Fernández, Eloy. "Comparison of six human anti-transglutaminase ELISA-tests in the diagnosis of celiac disease in the Saharawi population." World Journal of Gastroenterology 11, no. 24 (2005): 3762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i24.3762.

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47

Barikmo, Ingrid, Sigrun Henjum, Lisbeth Dahl, Arne Oshaug, and Liv Elin Torheim. "Environmental implication of iodine in water, milk and other foods used in Saharawi refugees camps in Tindouf, Algeria." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 24, no. 4-5 (June 2011): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2010.10.003.

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Fuentes, M., M. Vivar, H. Hosein, J. Aguilera, and E. Muñoz-Cerón. "Lessons learned from the field analysis of PV installations in the Saharawi refugee camps after 10 years of operation." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 93 (October 2018): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.05.019.

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Martinazzi, S., C. Monfredini, L. Menchini, and A. Ravelli. "PP47 NUTRITIONAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF THE FOOD AIDS DISTRIBUTED IN THE SAHARAWI REFUGEE CAMPS: POSSIBLE IMPLICATION WITH CELIAC DISEASE." Digestive and Liver Disease 41 (October 2009): S221—S222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(09)60504-1.

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Alcalde, Gabriel. "A Museum in a Refugee Camp. The National Museum of the Saharawi People in Algeria, Its Use and Function." Curator: The Museum Journal 60, no. 2 (April 2017): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cura.12199.

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