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Rossi, Davide <1975>. "Studio della Peste dei Piccoli Ruminanti nei territori saharawi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4747/.
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La Peste dei Piccoli Ruminanti (PPR) è una patologia virale ed acuta che colpisce i piccoli ruminanti, diffusa in Africa Sub-Sahariana, in Medio Oriente ed in Asia Meridionale. Questo lavoro si propone di effettuare il primo studio epidemiologico sulla PPR nella Repubblica Araba Saharawi Democratica (RASD), che comprende i Campi Profughi Saharawi, in territorio algerino, ed i “Territori Liberati” del Sahara Occidentale, valutando la potenziale presenza, prevalenza e distribuzione del virus della PPR in questi territori. Lo studio si è basato su una metodica di campionamento “a cluster” secondo la tecnica “a due stadi”. Sono stati individuati 23 siti di campionamento dai quali sono stati raccolti un totale di 976 campioni di siero prelevati da pecore, capre e cammelli. I campioni sono stati prelevati in Marzo ed Aprile 2008. I risultati dei test Competitive-Elisa hanno evidenziato una sieroprevalenza nel 28,26% degli animali testati, benché durante la raccolta dei campioni nessun animale abbia presentato sintomi clinici riferibili alla PPR. Tra Gennaio e Maggio 2010, in seguito ad episodi di aumentata mortalità nella popolazione ovi-caprina presente nei Campi Profughi, le autorità veterinarie locali sospettarono un outbreak di PPR. Tra Maggio ed Ottobre 2010 è stato sviluppato un outbreak investigation nei Campi Profughi Saharawi con lo scopo di confermare la circolazione del PPRV. I risultati di laboratorio hanno confermato la presenza del virus nel 33,33% dei campioni. Il sequenziamento del genoma virale ha rivelato che il virus apparteneva al Lignaggio 4 e le analisi filogenetiche hanno indicato una stretta relazione (99.3%) con il PPRV isolato durante l'epidemia di PPR in Marocco del 2008.Peste des Petitis Ruminants (PPR) is an acute viral disease affecting small ruminants and widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and South Asia. This study aims to perform the first epidemiological survey on PPR in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), including Sahrawi Refugees Camps, western Algeria, and “Liberated Territories” of Western Sahara, assessing the potential presence, prevalence and distribution of the PPRV in these territories. The survey was based on a two-stage cluster sampling methodology. 23 clusters were identified, leading to a total of 976 serum samples collected from sheep, goats and camels (March/April 2008). The results of Competitive-Elisa tests evidenced a serological positive prevalence in 28,26% of the tested animal, even though during the collection no animal presented clinical signs related to the subjected disease. A major number of positive animals was revealed in goats and sheep, with higher prevalence in subjects over 36 moths of age. One positive case was reported also in camels. Following reports of increased mortality in the small ruminant population of the Sahrawi Refugees Camps, between January and May 2010, local veterinary authorities suspected an outbreak of PPR. Between May and October 2010 an outbreak investigation was implemented in the Sahrawi Refugee Camps, with the objective of confirming the circulation of the Peste des Petits Ruminants virus (PPRV). Laboratory results confirmed the presence of PPRV in 33.33% of the samples. Sequence analysis revealed that the virus belonged to Lineage IV and phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship (99.3%) with the PPRV isolated during the Moroccan outbreak in 2008.
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Armstrong, Karen Social Sciences & International Studies Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "A study of social change in Saharawi refugee camps: democracy, education and women??s rights." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Social Sciences & International Studies, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42152.
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Refugee studies often focus on the devastating effects forced migration can have on a refugee population, both mentally and physically. This research investigates the case of Saharawis living in refugee camps in south-west Algeria and the social change experienced over 30 years. The method was a case study with qualitative interviews supported with secondary data. The Saharawis went through a period of positive social change, to some a revolution, while living in the refugee camps. The empirical study identifies three theme areas; Education, Women??s rights and Democracy. These circumstances are unlike many other refugee studies, thus providing what may be a unique case of positive social change. The case demonstrates how forced migration of a population may not just be a destructive process, but instead has the potential to reconstruct a society. Theories of social change and unanticipated outcomes are explored. Utilising the theories of Bourdieu and Merton, it is proposed that the Saharawi refugee experience is the unanticipated outcome of forced migration. This thesis explores commonalities and differences between Bourdieu??s study of the Kabyle population, and whether his theory of habitus is applicable. Bourdieu??s theories, heavily criticised for being too structuralist, show their limitations when dealing with positive social change. Bourdieu??s approach can suggest that it is inevitable for refugee populations to spiral into despair. The Saharawi case challenges these presumptions and highlights that neither sociologists nor populations should exclude the possibility of unexpected outcomes. Unanticipated outcomes are an acknowledgement of social change and the fact that at its heart no one can predict the future.
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Ruiz, Peralta Gerardo Arturo. "Lo que quedó del fuerte: Propuesta de subtitulado para el documental La puerta del Sáhara de María Jesús Alvarado." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13806/.
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Il presente elaborato si incentra sulla proposta di sottotitolaggio del documentario La puerta del Sáhara (2006) della scrittrice e cineasta canaria María Jesús Alvarado. Lo scopo del film è quello di raccontare, come forma di denuncia, l’esilio in Spagna e nei campi profughi del deserto algerino del popolo saharawi, avvenuto dopo l’occupazione marocchina del Sahara Occidentale. Analogamente, il documentario parla del suddetto esilio dal punto di vista degli spagnoli che all’epoca abitavano in quel territorio. Infine, il film promuove la diffusione della cultura tradizionale saharawi.
Il primo capitolo presenta un breve panorama storico della colonizzazione nel Sahara Occidentale, dall’arrivo degli spagnoli fino all’occupazione marocchina, e parla della situazione politica attuale del popolo saharawi. La seconda parte verte sull’eredità culturale che la Spagna ha lasciato nel Sahara a seguito della colonizzazione: la lingua spagnola e la relativa produzione letteraria in tale lingua.
Il secondo capitolo si basa su un’intervista con la regista del documentario, María Jesús Alvarado in cui, oltre a rispondere ad alcune domande riguardanti il film, racconta la sua esperienza come ex abitante del Sahara Occidentale e del suo punto di vista sull’esilio spagnolo. In seguito, la regista parla della sua produzione artistica, principalmente di quella dedicata alla causa saharawi. Nello stesso capitolo, si approfondisce la questione del doppio esilio e si presentano alcune poesie della stessa Alvarado tratte dalla raccolta Isla Truk (2011).
Nel terzo capitolo si presenta una descrizione approfondita del documentario e un’analisi delle sue tematiche, sia dal punto di vista storico che da quello culturale. Il quarto capitolo contiene la proposta di sottotitolaggio, così come la trascrizione dei dialoghi e dei sottotitoli in spagnolo e in inglese del film. Infine, l’ultimo capitolo verte sull’analisi e commento del lavoro effettuato per sottotitolare il documentario.
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Cozza, Nicola. "Singing like wood-birds : refugee camps and exile in the construction of the Saharawi nation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d9ee198d-3275-4d6e-ae7f-34eb9a2aa101.
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Veiga, Miguel Mendes. "Update on demographic and genetic parameters of a captive population of threatened Saharawi dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas neglecta)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12817.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaBetween 1970 and 1975, 72 (36♂.36♀) Saharawi dorcas gazelles (Gazella dorcas neglecta) arrived in Finca Experimental la Hoya, Almería, southeast Spain. They were the founding individuals of a captive breeding programme, now managed as an European Endangered species Programme, currently with 236 (104.132) living individuals distributed among 12 institutions. Previous demographic and genetic assessment of this population was published in 2002 (Abáigar, 2002). An updated analysis was commended, ultimately motivated by the recent establishment of in situ reintroductions in Senegal. Besides the inclusion of the last 14 years of studbook data, this is the first thorough study to use the software programmes Population Modelling, ENDOG and SplitsTree4 for this taxon. The census history shows an overall increasing population, consistent with the incorporation of more institutions in the programme, although a tendency towards a stationary population is observed since 2010. Such tendency is corroborated by the current demographic parameters of annual growth rate (1.058), instantaneous rate of change (0.056) and net reproductive rate (1.283). Age-specific life table parameters show higher mortality rate, fecundity rate and reproductive value in males in almost all age-classes in contrast with higher survival rate and life expectancy in females. Sex and age structure of the global living population is close to pyramidal shape, as would occur in demographically stable populations. Plotting of annual gene diversity and mean inbreeding coefficient shows a positive impact of the incorporation of eight wild-caught individuals in the programme in the 90s. Current genetic parameters are the result of proper reproductive management of threatened species, and are in accordance with standardised targets when planning cooperative metapopulation breeding.
RESUMO - Atualização dos parâmetros demográficos e genéticos de uma população em cativeiro de gazela dorcas Saharawi (Gazella dorcas neglecta) - Entre 1970 e 1975, 72 (36♂.36♀) gazelas dorcas Saharawi (Gazella dorcas neglecta) foram transportadas até à Finca Experimental la Hoya, Almería, no sudeste de Espanha. A partir destes indivíduos desenvolveu-se um programa de cria em cativeiro, hoje em dia inserido no âmbito de um European Endangered species Programme, atualmente com 236 (104.132) animais distribuídos por 12 instituições. A mais recente avaliação de cariz demográfico e genético desta população foi publicada em 2002 (Abáigar, 2002). Foi, assim, recomendada a realização de um novo estudo, em parte motivado pelo recente programa de reintrodução in situ levado a cabo no Senegal. Para além da inclusão dos últimos 14 anos de registos do studbook, este é o primeiro estudo completo em que se usaram os software informáticos Population Modelling, ENDOG e SplitsTree4 nesta subespécie. O censo histórico mostra uma população globalmente crescente, consistente com a gradual incorporação de mais instituições no programa de cria, apesar de, desde 2010, ser notória uma tendência para a estabilização. Esta tendência é corroborada pelos parâmetros atuais de taxa anual de crescimento (1,058), taxa intrínseca de crescimento (0,056) e taxa reprodutiva líquida (1,283). As tabelas de vida mostram taxa de mortalidade, taxa de fecundidade e valor reprodutivo mais elevados em machos em praticamente todas as classes etárias, contrastando com taxa de sobrevivência e esperança média de vida superiores em fêmeas. A estrutura de género e idade da população viva aproxima-se a uma forma piramidal, própria de populações demograficamente estáveis. Os gráficos de variação de diversidade genética e de coeficiente de consanguinidade médio ao longo dos anos mostram que a incorporação de oito indivíduos não relacionados, na década de 1990, teve um impacte benéfico em ambos. Os parâmetros genéticos atuais são o resultado de um maneio reprodutivo correcto de uma espécie ameaçada e estão em concordância com os objectivos traçados aquando do planeamento de reprodução conjunta de metapopulações.
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Fiori, Fabio. "La letteratura per l’infanzia nell’albo illustrato: Silbo del dromedario que nunca muere di Gonzalo Moure e Juan Hernaz Proposta di traduzione." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15511/.
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Lo scopo di questa tesi è analizzare e proporre la traduzione dallo spagnolo all’italiano dell’albo illustrato Silbo del dromedario que nunca muere, scritto da Gonzalo Moure e illustrato da Juan Hernaz. L’elaborato si articola in quattro parti. Nella prima si propone una breve introduzione storica alla questione Saharawi; nella seconda, si analizzano le caratteristiche principali del testo originale, quali genere di appartenenza, aspetti tecnici e paratestuali, trama, dimensione spazio-temporale, stile e illustrazioni; a seguire, la proposta di traduzione integrale del testo e, infine, il commento alle tipologie di problemi incontrate durante il processo di traduzione, riportando alcuni esempi e affiancandovi le considerazioni sulla base delle quali si risolto ciascun problema.
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Wenzel, Karin, Sigurd Schienbein, Peter Posse, and Wolfgang von Hoyningen-Huene. "Optische Eigenschaften von Wüstenaerosol." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-212827.
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Durch Messungen von spektraler optischer Dicke, Sonnenaureole und Himmelshelligkeit in Kombination mit den Programmen CIRATRA und BILANZ werden die optischen Eigenschaften von Sahara-Wüstenaerosol und dessen klimatische Wirkung unter Berücksichtigung der Nichtsphärizität der Aerosolpartikel untersuchtBy combining measurements of spectral optical thickness, solar aureole and sky brightness with the programs CIRATRA and BILANZ the optical porperties of Saharan desert aerosol and its climatic effects are investigated, including a consideration of the Nonsphericity of the aerosol particles
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Wenzel, Karin, Sigurd Schienbein, Peter Posse, and Wolfgang von Hoyningen-Huene. "Optische Eigenschaften von Wüstenaerosol." Universität Leipzig, 1996. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15042.
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Durch Messungen von spektraler optischer Dicke, Sonnenaureole und Himmelshelligkeit in Kombination mit den Programmen CIRATRA und BILANZ werden die optischen Eigenschaften von Sahara-Wüstenaerosol und dessen klimatische Wirkung unter Berücksichtigung der Nichtsphärizität der Aerosolpartikel untersucht.By combining measurements of spectral optical thickness, solar aureole and sky brightness with the programs CIRATRA and BILANZ the optical porperties of Saharan desert aerosol and its climatic effects are investigated, including a consideration of the Nonsphericity of the aerosol particles.
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Diallo, Abdellahi. "Du Sahara espagnol au Sahara occidental : Casus Belli." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1229.
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A la fin de 1975, le conflit du Sahara occidental éclata au grand jour et surprit la communauté internationale, mais ses origines s’enracinent dans des antécédents lointains qui remontent au-delà même de la colonisation espagnole. La question a fait l’objet de nombreuses études, dont la majorité se caractérise par la tendance à l’idéologisation qui fait qu’elles manquent souvent d’objectivité. Nous avons donc choisi d’étudier à nouveau la question et les circonstances qui ont conduit les différents acteurs à opter pour des arguments radicalement opposés. A cet effet, notre thèse se propose d’étudier, de manière interdisciplinaire, les faits historiques, les traités internationaux, les textes juridiques, les réalités politiques et économiques et les attitudes des organisations internationales, notamment l’ONU et l’OUA, ayant conduit à ce que cette ancienne colonie espagnole fasse l’objet d’un conflit qui risque de renaître à tout moment et d’embraser toute la région. Aujourd’hui, le conflit du Sahara occidental semble être placé sous le signe du statu quo, alors que toutes les parties concernées sont en constante évolution et que tout porte à croire qu’il ne pourra plus suivre la même trajectoire que celle d’avant 1988, mais quelles sont donc les alternatives qui s’offrent aux différents protagonistes ?
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Waldock, Victoria. "Mobilising stone : investigating relations of materiality, movement and corporality in Holocene Saharan rock-art." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:330c820b-c468-4b3b-afb2-65209cf7c8ce.
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This project investigates Saharan pastoralist rock-art (7500-3000BP), with a particular focus on the engravings of the Messak Plateau in southwest Libya. Taking an anthropological approach, the art is examined within the context of the lives of its creators - transhumant cattle-herders who occupied the plateau seasonally. Drawing from fieldwork in Libya together with data from multiple expeditions in the Sahara, the study addresses a major lacuna in Saharan research by focusing on materially constituted, as-lived dimensions at the micro scale. A fundamental but archaeologically elusive aspect of lived experience is a consideration of 'movement', both physical and esoteric. Its incorporation is central to this project, forming a multi-aspected theoretical framework and a methodological tool. Augmented by input from specialists in geomorphology, pastoralism, stone sculpting and animal behaviour, this movement-driven focus has produced a more developed picture of the Messak herder lives, advancing our understanding of these particular non-text, somatic societies. A singular contribution is the creation of a hypothetical model for small-scale, quotidian pastoralist practices, which expands upon the archaeological evidence, fleshing out details of a well-systematised form of dairy pastoralism involving controlled breeding and the processing of milk products. At the same time it is proposed that the herders' relationship with their cattle was one of partnership rather than ownership, involving trans-species empathy and a valuation of animal personhood. This viewpoint is part of a broader set of animal-human relations reflecting a cosmological order that diverges from modern, Western ontological constructs. Other significant findings include detailed information on the role and identity of the image-maker, revisionist data on the amount of effort and skill expended in carving processes, and an examination of the ways in which rock-art was used to manifest social emotional concerns. These were expressed via animal emotions portrayed in the rock-art, and also through performative, gestural markings associated with the imagery. Such expressions include apotropaic, supplicatory or other interactions involving communication with unseen powers.
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Allsopp, Catherine E. M. "HLA in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316694.
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Djouhri, Othmane. "Gestion durable des ressources naturelles et culturelles dans l'extrême sud-est algérien. Cas d'étude : le parc national du Tassili n'Ajjer." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30073.
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Le Tassili n’Ajjer est notre région d’étude, situé à l’extrême Sud - Est algérien, caractérisé par une remarquable interaction de l’homme et son environnement et comprenant des phénomènes naturels d’une beauté exceptionnelle et d’une culture saharienne spécifique. Ce dernier est ainsi mal organisé et insuffisamment protégé et géré. Notre étude s’articule ainsi autour de trois grands axes. Le premier axe est réservé à la présentation des spécificités et les particularités du territoire du Tassili n’Ajjer. Le second axe est consacré à l’analyse de toutes les composantes et les potentialités de cette zone d’étude et spécifiquement l’activité touristique à développer. Une série d’enquêtes et d’entretiens menés auprès des acteurs locaux (public et privé) portant sur les questions et les préoccupations de développement local dans la région du Tassili, nous ont aidé d’aboutir à une série de propositions permettant une meilleure gestion durable et une protection efficace de ces richesses spécifiques de la région. Ces propositions feront ainsi l’objet de détail dans le dernier axe de thèseThe objective of this thesis is to consider a strategy for sustainable management of natural resources and cultural resources in the territory of Tassili n'Ajjer. This makes the proposal and the incorporation of new activities to the fabric of society Saharan to achieve sound economic development and effective protection of this space. Tassili n'Ajjer our study area, located in the South - Eastern Algeria. It characterized by a remarkable interaction between man and his environment including natural phenomena of exceptional beauty and culture specific Saharan Africa. It is poorly organized and inadequately protected and managed. This contribution is organized around three major axes. The first line is reserved for the presentation of the specificities and particularities of the territory of Tassili n'Ajjer. The second axis is devoted to analyze the components and the potential of this specific study area and tourist activity to develop. A series of surveys and interviews with local actors (private and public) on the issues and concerns of local development in the region of Tassili helped us to achieve a series of suggestions for better Sustainable management and efficient protection of species richness in the region. These proposals will be retail and in the last line of argument
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Coudé-Gaussen, Geneviève. "Les poussières sahariennes et leur contribution aux sédimentations désertiques et péridésertiques." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066577.
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Livre 1: le cycle actuel des poussières sahariennes. Les substrats sources sont très variés (sols pulvérulents, dépôts lacustres et fluviatiles, sables désertiques). La libération des particules fines a été étudiée expérimentalement (cryoclastie, soufflerie). Une généralisation cartographique a caractérisé les zones-sources (Sahara central et septentrional). Après une étude micro-morphologique de la particule de poussière, on a distingué et caractérisé les poussières locales, proximales, distales en fonction de la distance à la source désertique. Enfin, on a établi une typologie des situations météorologiques propices au soulèvement et au déplacement des poussières. Le cycle actuel des poussières apparait comme un modèle applicable aux sédimentations passées de poussières. Livre 2: contribution des poussières aux sédimentations désertiques et péri-désertiques. L’étude des poussières récemment déposées est la transition entre les deux thèmes. Les critères d'allochtonie et de position géographique y sont précisés. Les poussières carbonatées expliquent les calcitisations et les encroutements sur roches non-carbonatées. Les poussières participent à divers degrés aux limons, maaders, takyrs, tirs, sols évaporitiques et fech-fech. Leur contribution est totale dans les loess péri-désertiques déposés dans des conditions pluviales au pléistocène. Les poussières apparaissent comme un critère décisif dans l'appréciation de l'environnement et des paléo-environnements du Sahara et de ses marges.
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Roux, Michel. "Sahara : géographie de l'imaginaire." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA1015.
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Le Sahara fonctionne comme un site de référence qui génère un discours et une production d'images abondants et varies. Leur étude permet de faire apparaitre les structures de géographies imaginaires qui ne correspondent pas à la réalité observable. Le recours à des méthodes quantitatives peut rendre compte de telles distorsions. Cette démarche implique de réduire ces entités à des collections d'objets conceptualisés mesurables, donc comparables. C'est ainsi que l'on peut mettre en évidence quatre types de perceptions. Le désert "transfigure" se réduit à un espace initiatique, il correspond à la vision du mystique et du philosophe ; le désert "stratégique" est assimilé à un terrain (de combat pour l'officier saharien ou de compétition pour le coureur automobile) ; le dessert "consomme" est celui du touriste ; enfin le désert "explore" correspond à une approche scientifique. Ces quatre modes de représentations possèdent en commun d'investir l'espace géographique de connotations émotives fortes et de privilégier les paysages sablonneux au détriment de la forme dominante qu'est le reg. Ils s'alimentent tous à un archétype, qui s'est dessiné au moment de la révolution industrielle. Le Sahara est devenu le champ spatial d'une contre-culture : au progrès matériel il oppose une symbolique de la permanence et des valeurs spirituelles. Cette image n'est pas sans incidence sur la sphère économique, comme en témoignent son aménagement très tardif et le nouvel usage que l'occident en fait dans le domaine du tourisme et de l'automobile.
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Tillet, Thierry. "L'atérien du Sahara méridional." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10021.
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Cette etude met en relief les conditions climatiques subdesertiques qui prevalaient au 40e millenaire au moment de la dispersion des populations ateriennes a travers le sahara septentrional. Au cours de leur existence saharienne, ces populations sont affectees par deux "crises climatiques", la seconde etant responsable, aux environs de 20 kabp, au sahara meridional, de la disparition de cette civilisation. L'hypothese d'une migration le long du littoral atlantique, en direction du senegal, semble alors possible en ce qui concerne les populations ateriennes de la region sud-occidentale du sahara. Cette etude permet egalement de mettre en evidence la bonne homogeneite generale de l'aterien du sahara meridional, dont la quasi totalite des sites appartient a l'aterien superieur. Il se caracterise principalement par un fort debitage levallois qui s'accompagne d'un allegement general en outillage faconne, par un nombre plus ou moins important de burins alors que les grattoirs sont tres rares, et par des pieces pedonculees peu nombreuses. Malgre cette homogeneite, trois facies ont pu etre differencies dont le plus repandu ("facies de seggedim ou adrar bous") se caracterise par l'importance des pieces bifaciales qui sont souvent plus abondantes que les pieces pedonculees. Les deux autres facies ("facies du foum el-alba" et "facies des hamadas du nord") sont tres localises dans le nord du bassin de taoudenni. Les etudes comparatives faites avec quelques gisements ateriens du maghreb et du sahara nord-occidental, amenent a considerer l'aterien du sahara meridional comme different de l'aterien - plus ancien - du sahara nord-occidental, ainsi que l'aterien final du maroc ou la retouche bifaciale est leur seul point commun vraiment evidentThis study outlines the subdesertic climatic conditions which were prevailing during the 40th millenary at the time of the dispersion of the aterian populations throughout the northern sahara. During their saharian period, these populations were affected by two "climatic crisis", the second one, towards 20 ky bp, being responsible, in the southern sahara, for the vanishing of this civilization. The assumption of a migration along the atlantic littoral, towards senegal, seems then possible as far as the aterian populations of the southwestern part of the sahara are concerned. This allows to show the general homogeneity of this aterian, which belongs almost exlusively to the upper aterian. This aterian is characterized essentialy by an important "levallois debitage", a decrease in retouched industry, a number more or less important of burins, a nearly absence of end scrapers and rare tanged pieces. In spite of this homogeneity, three facies where differenciated the most frequent of which ("seggedim or adrar bous facies") being characterized by the important of bifacial pieces, often more abundant than tanged pieces. The two other facies ("foum el-alba facies" and "north hamadas facies") are observed only in the north of the taoudenni basin. Comparisons with a few sites of maghreb and northwestern sahara suggest that the aterian of southern sahara is different. It differs also from the terminal aterian of maroc, the bifacial retouch being their only evident common point
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Kherrati, Lekbir. "Le Problème du Sahara occidental dans les relations intermaghrébines et interafricaines." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594264t.
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Amponin, Kathleen F. "Military intervention in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA341391.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997."December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Letitia Lawson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-110). Also available online.
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Peltier, Jean-Philippe N. "State development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA398514.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2001.Thesis advisor(s): Lawson, Letitia L. "December 2001." Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.
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Mcconnell, Claire Louise. "Aircraft measurements of Saharan mineral dust." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515745.
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Wingo, Michelle L. "SOCIAL UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4365.
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For the past thirty years Africa has produced a more noticeably inferior reserve of human capital than other developing regions. This is puzzling because at the inception of independence, the future of Africa looked promising. However, during the 1970s both the political and economic situation in Africa began to deteriorate, and since 1980, the aggregate per capita GDP in sub-Saharan Africa has declined at almost one percent per fiscal year. Thirty-two countries are poorer now than they were twenty years ago, and sub-Saharan Africa is now the lowest-income region in the world despite the fact that during the last two decades Africa has attracted more aid per capita than other developing regions. I hypothesize that focusing primarily on economic growth as the primary means of development has undermined and deterred social development in sub-Saharan Africa. I believe that as foreign investment and debt increase, social development stagnates and even declines. I argue that because of the focus on economics and lack of focus on social and cultural considerations sustained economic growth has been devitalized in sub-Saharan Africa. For this research I employed time-series, cross-sectional regression analysis to test the relative importance of the economic development model on social development in sub-Saharan Africa. My analysis of the forty-eight countries over thirty years gives leverage to the critique of economic growth centered development policies.M.A.
Department of Political Science
Arts and Sciences
Political Science
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Buchholz, Kathleen B. "Energy Justice in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, The American University of Paris (France), 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527235.
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Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest rates of electrification and some of the worst education statistics worldwide. In the absence of strong infrastructure for a reliable grid system and quality universal primary schooling, the poor suffer significantly. Though substantial research has been done on both issues separately, the relationship between the two has yet to be explored. This thesis uses social justice theories to introduce the connections between energy poverty and an individual’s education capabilities through a case study in Zambia. Case study research was carried out in the urban low-resource settlements of Lusaka, Zambia over a period of two months with Lifeline Energy, using methods of participant observation.
Drawing on trends discovered in survey responses, interviews and feedback from a distribution of renewable technologies, this study demonstrates that a lack of modern forms of energy detracts from education. By synthesizing the data with Martha Nussbaum's capabilities approach and Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir’s scarcity theory, the research reveals that energy poverty hinders an individual’s ability to study and gain a quality education and diminishes their available cognitive capacity to learn by tunneling attention to the resource deficit. Furthermore, it supports the claim that energy poverty is not gender neutral. The research concludes that the scarcity caused by energy poverty can be lessened by the investment in and use of small-scale renewable technologies which alleviates some of the daily stress and grind of poverty. This thesis lays the groundwork to recognize energy poverty as an injustice.
Keywords: Energy Poverty, Education, Gender, Sub-Saharan Africa, Scarcity, Capabilities Approach.
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Dray, James Daniel. "Voter turnout in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b4889265-1bae-45cc-b12a-4fa92d441800.
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This thesis addresses the question of who votes in Africa and why. It uses three sets of quantitative data at three different levels to test its claims: an original compilation of national level institutional and socioeconomic indicators for over 700 elections from independence until 2006 compiled by the author; the Afrobarometer survey of almost 50 000 voters in 17 multiparty African regimes; and the first ever purpose-built survey aimed at testing rational choice turnout models in an African case study, which was designed, administered and analysed by the author in 2005 in Durban, South Africa. It uses a mixture of statistical methods to test comprehensively the determinants of voting in pooled and multilevel, logistic and linear, individual and national level models. It finds that the central claims of the rational choice model do not generally apply in African elections. Both the closeness of the election and the costs of participation are not found to be central to the voting calculus of African voters. Instead those citizens who face the highest barriers to participation in the West: the rural, poor and minimally educated, are the citizens who vote most in Africa. The thesis argues that this is because turnout in Africa is mobilised turnout and these are the groups of people targeted by mobilising agents. It further finds that three central institutions of African politics; ethnicity, clientelism and regime type further structure patterns of mobilisation in ways that have been entirely neglected in studies of turnout until now. Finally, it confirms that voting is habitual and that voters are socialised by formative experiences in their youth, especially the nature of the regime that they grow up in and how democratic they think the country is.
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Bekkouche, Yasmine. "Education Quality in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEH005.
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Cette thèse de doctorat aborde ces questions dans le contexte de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Je commence par souligner des différences internationales dans la qualité de l’enseignement primaire. Identifier le lien entre la scolarisation et les résultats scolaires nécessite une méthodologie spécifique. Je m’intéresse ensuite à l’explication de ces différences. Les pays étudiés ont une histoire coloniale forte, qui a laissé des empreintes durables dans de nombreuses institutions, et dans des pans entiers de la vie publique, notamment dans les systèmes éducatifs. Cette thèse vise également à étudier comment les différences dans les systèmes éducatifs (de l’équipement à la formation des enseignants en passant par les pratiques éducatives) affectent les performances des élèves. La dernière partie de cette étude explore un levier spécifique lié au temps scolaire dans la formation des compétences. Les trois chapitres suivent une progression naturelle, abordant la question de manière graduellement plus resserrée. Le premier chapitre examine la qualité de l’enseignement primaire dans une perspective globale, en étudiant des cohortes nées depuis les indépendances jusqu’aux années 1990 dans de nombreux pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. Les systèmes éducatifs francophones sont plus élitistes mais offrent aux élèves de meilleures compétences en mathématiques comme en langues. Le deuxième chapitre se concentre sur le cas particulier du Cameroun. Il exploite la partition du pays entre les empires français et britannique pour étudier comment les différences dans les systèmes scolaires se traduisent par des différences dans les résultats des élèves. La meilleure performance des systèmes scolaires francophones est confirmée par cette étude et aussi mieux expliquée : le sous-système francophone semble mieux à même d’enseigner des compétences mathématiques très formelles. Le troisième chapitre étudie l’impact d’un facteur spécifique sur la progression des élèves, les précipitations pendant l’année scolaire, et montre que la pluie pendant l’année scolaire affecte négativement les résultats, ce qui suggère que ces perturbations dans les horaires d’enseignement devraient être prises en compte par les gouvernementsThis PhD dissertation addresses these issue in the context of SSA. I first highlight differences in the quality of primary education. Identifying the link between academic skills and education requires a specific methodology. I then turn to the explanation of these differences. The countries studied have a strong colonial history, which has left lasting impacts in many institutions, particularly in education systems. This thesis also aims to study how differences in education systems (from equipment to teacher education and educational practices) affect student performance. The last part of this study explores a specific lever related to school time in skill formation. The three papers follow a natural progression and each one is a continuation of the former, addressing the issue from an increasingly specific angle. The first chapter investigates primary education quality from a larger scope, studying cohorts born from the independences to the 1990s in many SSA countries. Schools in Francophone countries are more elitists but provide students with better literacy and numeracy skills. The second chapter focuses on the specific case of Cameroon. It exploits the partition of the country between the French and British Empires, to study how differences in school systems lead to differences in student achievements. The better performance of Francophone school systems is confirmed by this study and also better explained: the Francophone sub-system seems better at teaching very formal mathematical skills. The third chapter studies the impact on student progressions of a specific factor: rainfall during the school year. It concludes that rain during school-times negatively affects learning outcomes, suggesting that those perturbations in instruction times should be taken into account by governments
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dubeck, owen. "Alleviating Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2164.
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While most of the world has been able to dramatically reduce extreme poverty rates, Sub-Saharan Africa has failed to do so and is the only region in the world with more people living in extreme poverty than thirty years ago. This thesis will develop a policy framework for alleviating poverty by drawing from countries that are performing surprisingly well and poorly in the region. The thesis concludes with an analysis of whether education, health, or agricultural sectors should be receiving more or less funding based on expected rates of return and the feasibility of policy successes.
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Mohamed, Abdirisak Ahmed. "Optic neuropathies in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445748/.
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Purpose: An epidemic of subacute optic neuropathy with sensori-neural hearing loss and peripheral neuropathy has affected Tanzania. The primary objective of this thesis was:- To describe the clinical features of the disease. To describe the magnitude of the epidemic To investigate the aetiology of the disease To determine if daily oral B-complex supplements improved prognosis. Methods: 225 acute cases in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and 105 acute cases in Mogadishu, Somalia were assessed for signs and symptoms of optic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, and hearing loss. Blood and urine samples were collected from very acute cases (< 2 weeks of disease onset) in Tanzania and matched controls for aetiological studies. The same Tanzanian cases were recruited to the treatment study, of which 209 cases came back for 1 month re-assessment and a further 173 patients completed the three month treatment and returned for re-assessment. Ophthalmic, neurological and audiometric examinations were undertaken at baseline and follow-up. Population-based surveys were conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Gambia to determine the magnitude of the epidemic. Results: The optic neuropathy is characterised by bilateral and symmetrical loss of visual acuity and colour vision, and central or caeco-central scotomas. On fundoscopy hyperaemia and swelling of the optic discs were observed at the early stages, as all cases progressed to temporal optic atrophy and nerve fibre layer loss in the papillomacular bundle. 35% of the Tanzanian cases and 59% of the Somalian cases had an accompanying peripheral neuropathy, 65% of the Tanzanian cases and 28% of the Somalian cases had sensori-neural hearing loss.
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Högfeldt, Amelie. "Business in sub-Saharan Africa : A study on how MNCs can compete successfully in sub-‐Saharan Africa." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155752.
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This study examines how MNCs manage challenges when operating in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). These are challenges such as uncertain environment because of bureaucracy and corruption and also difficulties to reach consumers because of poor infrastructure, dispersed population and cultural differences. The analysis of our case company ABB suggests that firms operating in SSA need to build long-term relationships, as well as long experience and a brand with well-attached references in order to reach the customer. To deal with the uncertain environment there is a need for being well prepared beforehand and having ability to adapt easily. Also, our study suggests that to be a Swedish MNC could be a competitive advantage in SSA. The role of NGOs is not that big for an established player like ABB, as literature suggests it would be, but will perhaps grow bigger in the future when more companies want to enter the SSA market. We urge researchers to continue the quest of finding new perspectives when it comes to doing business in SSA, as there are still plenty of topics that need to be covered.
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Chekhab-Abudaya, Mounia. "Patrimoine architectural du Sud algérien : le "qsar", type d'implantation humaine au Sahara." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010578.
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Ce travail est consacré à l'étude d'un type d'architecture et d'implantation humaine au Sahara : le q sar. À partir d'une mise en contexte géographique et historique, ainsi que de l'étude systématique et comparative d'un corpus de vingt-six sites situés dans la partie septentrionale du Sahara algérien, il s'agit de tenter de définir le q sar parmi les formes d'urbanisme du dar al-islam et répondant à un mode de vie semi-sédentaire, voire sédentaire.
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Mpofu, Bekithemba. "The relationship between stock market returns and inflation : new evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/939.
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The literature investigating the relationship between stock market returns and inflation is long and has produced diverse findings. This thesis examines the nature of stock–inflation relations in Sub-Saharan countries whose stock markets were established before 1992. Evidence in this thesis shows that in the short term there is a positive relationship between stocks and inflation. Using the Johansen (1988) evidence, a long-run stock–inflation relationship is confirmed only in Nigeria and South Africa, where it is found to be negative. However, accounting for structural breaks provides evidence for a long-run relationship in Botswana, Ghana and Kenya. The evidence of the effects of regimes in the relationship is further supported by a nonparametric cointegration analysis which finds a long-run relation in countries where the Johansen (1988) method had failed. Unexpected inflation is also found to be related to stock returns in Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and Mauritius, which raises concerns about the use of month-end stock data in analysing this relationship. The thesis confirms the existence of hidden inflation in Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Imported inflation, interest rates and the exchange rate are found to have useful information about inflation movements in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Boizumault, Manuel. "Patine du désert : Re-création de la patine des grès sahariens, porteurs d'oeuvres gravées ou peintes témoins depuis dix millénaires, de l'adaptation de sociétés anciennes à des crises climatiques." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30084.
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La conservation–restauration des parois de grès gravés du Sahara et de ses abords suppose de connaître les caractéristiques physiques et chimiques de leur patine et de diagnostiquer les agents de dégradations, pour la mise en œuvre d’un procédé de réparation. L’étude des modifications de texture en surface et sub-surface de grès (Haut-Atlas marocain ; Atlas, Tassili N’Ajjer algérien) met en évidence le rôle protecteur de la patine et du cortex sous-jacent (densification du ciment) ainsi que les zones de faiblesse des « horizons » lessivés. L’étude d’un métaquartzite (Anti-Atlas marocain) et des expérimentations au laboratoire, ont permis de préciser les mécanismes de formation de la patine du désert : une genèse liée à la présence d’eau circulant dans la roche explique l’apport endogène (manganèse et ciment argileux), alors que l’incorporation de silts éoliens souligne un stade de son évolution. Pour les patines « brunes » et ocres, une contribution exogène accrue est manifeste. Afin de re-créer la patine, la fabrication du mortier de ragréage a consisté à mesurer les proportions de sable, argile et silicate d’éthyle afin que sa dureté et que ses propriétés de porosimétrie soient proches de celles du matériau naturel. Les composés de polymérisation sont compatibles avec ceux de la roche et leur pénétration est limitée à l’interface roche/mortier. Des simulations d’environnement de dégradation (gel/dégel, hydrolyse intense), ont validé le procédé. La coloration dans la masse du mortier prend en compte son érosion et sa dérestauration, le cas échéant. Des essais in situ (Haut-Atlas et Anti-Atlas, Maroc), ont permis d’apporter de légères adaptations au schéma établiThe conservation of sandstone engraved rock art in the Sahara and its surroundings implies to find out the physical and chemical characteristics of their patinas and to diagnose the damages, in order to perfect a restoration process. Studies of surface and subsurface textural modifications (sandstone from High-Atlas, Morocco; Atlas and Tassili N’Ajjer) reveal the cortex and the patina’s protective role (cement densification) and the weakening of the dissolution layer. Metaquartzite studies (Anti-Atlas, Morocco) and laboratory experiments have confirmed these hypotheses: the origin of dark patinas is the result of water circulation in the rock (manganese and clayed cement), while eolian silt brings an evolution stage out. With regard to brown and ochre patinas, an increased of exogenous contribution is in evidence. The achievement of a resurfacing mortar consisted in measuring the proportions of sand, clay and ethyl silicate, so that its hardness and its porosimetric properties are close to those of the natural material. The compounds of polymerisation are compatible with those of rock and their penetration is restricted to the interface rock/mortar. Simulation experiments (frost/thaw, severe hydrolysis) have validated the process. A mortar pulp colouring takes into account its erosion and its re-restoration, if need be. Tests in situ (High-Atlas; Anti-Atlas, Morocco) allowed to bring slight adaptations to the process
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Boumaraf, Belkacem. "Caractéristiques et fonctionnement des sols dans la vallée de Oued Righ, Sahara Nord Oriental Algérie." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIML002/document.
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Au cours de cette étude, nous avons essayé de mettre en évidence les grandes lignes de l'évolution spatiale des caractères pédologiques, de certains sols sur une séquence établie à partir de la carte géomorphologiques, dans la vallée de l'oued Righ, région située dans le Sahara nord-oriental de l'Algérie. Nous avons grâce à une longue prospection choisi une région située sur la bordure nord du chott Mérouane. Là, nous avons pu identifier quatre niveaux géomorphologiques (numérotés de 1 à 4) à partir du niveau de base (la dépression fermée, le niveau 0).Nous avons réalisé pour cette étude neuf profils et procédé à 30 prélèvements d'échantillons de sols dont 22 ont subit un traitement diffractométrique au rayons X.Dans chaque climat constant, chaque paysage engendre ses accumulations minérales selon la roche mère qui le constitue, et sur le plan géochimique les éléments issus de la dégradation des minéraux en amont sont reconstitués en aval. Dans le paysage saharien, les résultats analytiques et diffractométriques des échantillons des sols nous ont révélé une certaine rupture de ce schéma dû essentiellement au facteur éolien très caractéristique dans ces régions et aussi à la proximité de la nappe phréatique de la surface (niveau 1 et 2). En effet les résultats obtenus montrent que la distribution spatiale des sols est relativement bien liée à la position des unités géomorphologiques. Cela est particulièrement remarquable sur le niveau de base où l''accumulation salines particulièrement celle du gypse .est liée à la présence d'une nappe chargée en ions basiques qui agit sur certains minéraux secondaires comme précurseurs d'aggradation .et éventuellement de la néoformation de l'attapulgite. Par contre pour les niveaux 3 et 4 les minéraux identifiés sont quasiment issus d'héritages et d'apports latérauxIn the run of this study, we have tried to highlight the outline of the spatial evolution of the soil characters in some soils on an established sequence on a geomorphological map, in the Valley of Oued Righ, area located in the Northern Sahara East of Algeria. We have thanks to a long survey selected an area on the northern edge of chott Mason and or we could identify 04 géomorphological levels (from 1 to 4) from the basic level (depression level, the o-level).We have carried out for this study 09 profiles and conducted 30 sampling of soils which 22 have underwent diffractometric treatment to the x-ray.In each constant climate, each landscape creates its mineral accumulations in the bedrock which is, and on the geochemical map from elements of the degradation of minerals in height area reconstituted in downstream. In the Saharan landscape, diffractometric of soil samples and analytical results we are revealed a break of this schema due mainly to the very characteristic wind factor in these regions and to the proximity of the groundwater to the surface (level 1 and 2) also. Indeed the results obtained show that the spatial distribution of soil is relatively tied to position units geomorphological responsible for accumulation of basic deposit salt especially of gypsum .This charged basic ion water is on secondary as precursors of aggradations .and minerals possibly neoformation of attapulgite. For levels 3 and 4 minerals identified are almost from inheritance and side intake
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Adegoke, Sope. "Intellectual Property Rights in Sub-Saharan Africa." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/289.
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Globalization of the world economy has made knowledge a critical element of effectiveness in the world economy. Current economic and trade conditions change rapidly and require constant improvement to ensure economic development. These conditions stimulate innovation and improvements in technology, designs, and other tangible and intangible assets. Most Sub-Saharan African countries have not exploited the benefits that intellectual property rights offer to its users, despite considerable improvements to existing knowledge and options for protecting knowledge. Strong intellectual property laws are important for effective incentives to invent continuously. It is important to provide some form of compensation and guarantee that their innovation is credited to them. This is achieved through the establishment of intellectual property rights. Intellectual property rights have far-reaching effects on several sectors of the economy, such as trade, manufacturing, and other industries. Intellectual property rights policies are therefore, important for economic development.
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Seriki, Hannah Titilayo. "Teamwork for innovation in sub-Saharan Africa." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8350-9588-5.
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Quina, Joana Gentil. "Essays on corruption in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2380/.
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We study three topics on corruption that are of particular relevance to sub-Saharan Africa. Firstly, we address the question of why corruption is such an endemic problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Is it policy driven or "destiny"? We analyse indices of perceived corruption and test several theories regarding the causes of corruption. We find strong support for two arguments: Countries with a British heritage are perceived to be less corrupt, while those with a common law system are perceived to be more corrupt. We find weaker support for four further arguments: Countries with good quality institutions and a greater proportion of women in the labour force are perceived as less corrupt. Countries with greater natural resource abundance and with greater trade openness are perceived to be more corrupt. Secondly, we look at the supply side of bribery. Within the public procurement process, we study how a firm's uncertainty regarding the official's corruptibility and rival firms' costs influences the magnitude of the bribe it offers. Due to the illegal nature of bribery, we also explicitly consider different punishment mechanisms for corrupt firms. We find that secrecy leads to lower bribe levels, and that bribery can be completely deterred by either appropriate fixed fines or by firms being fined punitive damages. Thirdly, we investigate whether more corrupt governments receive less aid. We develop a theoretical framework that treats corruption as a tax on aid. Although we are unable to empirically test this model, we use it to motivate our empirical analysis of aid receipts using data on sub-Saharan Africa. We find a negative correlation between a country's perceived level of corruption and its aid receipts. However, we find no causal effect of perceived corruption on aid receipts. We revisit the results of an influential paper in the literature and find that their result of no evidence that countries perceived as more corrupt receive less aid is not robust to a sample of sub-Saharan African countries, although we find no evidence of a causal effect. We find no evidence that the impact of perceived corruption on aid receipts differs across sectors.
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Banks, James Richard. "The emission and transport of saharan dust." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534009.
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Djebbar, Tarik. "Structural evolution of the Algerian Saharan Atlas." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310072.
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Effeh, Ubong E. "Globalization, human rights and sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Kent, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399589.
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Ingemarsson, Eric, and Teodor Bjurling. "Determinants of FDI in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44455.
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A closely related factor to economic growth is FDI - Foreign Direct Investment. Foreigninvestment in a country made in order of utilizing specific markets or certaincharacteristics of a region. Sub-Saharan Africa is a region receiving remarkably smallfraction compared to its peer regions considering the sources of natural resources andother riches. The purpose of the thesis is to find the determinants of FDI in Sub-SaharanAfrica. The determinants are a selected set of variables based on the research of previousstudies in the field of study. A panel data regression is performed for 23 Sub-Saharancountries with data from 1997 to 2017. The result of the regression demonstrated similarresults regarding the affiliation between the variables of the model and the independentvariable, FDI as previous studies. The findings of the study do not answer the question ofwhy certain other regions of developing economies receive larger amounts ofinvestments. However, our hope is that the findings of this study will gain furtherresearch on the area
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Yahaya, Lateef Folarin. "Information infrastructure development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2246/.
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Since the post-war period researchers have been pointing to a shift towards a new techno-economic paradigm. Whilst the macroeconomic impact of this powerful wave of technology has yet to be determined, it is sensed intuitively as being more important than generally suspected and to have major multiplier effects on national development. The convergence of information technology and modern communications has raised renewed hopes for enhancing national development in developing countries. At the same time, there are legitimate fears of increased marginalisation for those countries that fail to keep pace in the technological race. Grappling with the complexity involved in constructing an infrastructure that can improve their ability to achieve development objectives, and may lay the foundations for their future competitive advantage, few Sub-Saharan African countries have constructed a coordinated policy response to the complexities involved in creating an effective information infrastructure. Economically and politically fragile, and with only the promise of technological potentialities, the vast majority of African policy-makers are adopting a cautious approach. In the face of such a policy vacuum external actors such as multilateral development agencies, have taken it upon themselves to design, implement and fund initiatives with the idea of information infrastructure at their core. Such initiatives, whilst bringing much needed infrastructure to the region, are often short-termist in outlook and do not necessarily dovetail with local development objectives. If less developed countries and regions are to implement telecommunication networks and information services that will serve their interests, they must prioritise objectives that rest firmly in their particular economic, political, cultural and social context. Within a broad, multi-dimensional research schema, the research examines the main actors in the field of information infrastructure development in Africa. These are identified as development agencies, indigenous government and the foreign private sector. By articulating the respective roles of these actors and their spheres of influence, the research provides a coherent understanding of information infrastructure development activities within Sub-Saharan Africa. The research outlines a policy framework, which at both the conceptual and practical levels, argues that government plays the critical role in articulating national strategies for the coordination of disparate actors and scarce resources. The main contribution of the research is a practical policy framework that pinpoints priority areas for information infrastructure development within the Sub-Saharan Africa region.
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Hadisi, Basingene Serge. "Is economic growth without human development sustainable? : Sub-Saharan Africa’s recent growth acceleration in context." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013137.
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The purpose of the study has been to assess the question of sustainability of economic growth and human development, particularly using sub-Saharan Africa in context. Sub-Saharan Africa is an interesting case study because, on the one hand, it has been mired in poverty and remains the least developed region in the world, and on the other, it has experienced a revival in economic growth since the mid-1990s. Economists tend to use the term economic development and economic growth interchangeably. However, questions have been raised about whether Africa’s latest growth episode is indeed ‘development’. Although there are many issues at stake, the key question, and the focus of this thesis, is whether sub-Saharan Africa’s revival is sustainable. The paper sets out the debate between the ‘World Bank view’ and the ‘alternative view’. The main debate lies around how genuine development should be achieved. Firstly, the ‘World Bank view’ claims that economic growth is necessary and sufficient condition to achieve development. Economic growth will be generated by ‘orthodox’ policies and this growth will automatically trickle-down and stimulate development. Secondly, the ‘alternative view’ argues that economic growth is necessary but it is not sufficient to stimulate sustainable development. Economic growth without ‘qualitative’ change is not ‘sustainable’. Indeed, human development shortfalls (as well as other, social, political and structural problems), if not addressed through appropriate policy interventions, can undermine economic growth. The ‘alternative view’ appears to be strongly supported by evidence from other developing regions such as Latin America and East Asia. The empirical study conducted in this thesis reinforces doubts about ‘sustainability’. Even though there are signs of convergence in some indicators; this is not the case for all indicators. More importantly the gap between sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions remains very wide. Sub-Saharan Africa’s development path remains uncertain. The intention in this study is not to be conclusive that sub-Saharan Africa cannot achieve sustainable development. Rather the study attempts to identify potential hindrances to sub-Saharan Africa’s development and to provide a solid foundation for further research in the same direction.
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Likoti, Fako Johnson. "African military intervention in African conflicts: an analysis of military intervention in Rwanda, the DRC and Lesotho." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4006_1182235430.
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The dissertation examines three military interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa which took place in the mid and late 1990s in Rwanda, the DRC and Lesotho. These interventions took place despite high expectations of international and regional peace on the part of most analysts after the collapse of cold war in 1989. However, interstate and intrastate conflicts re-emerged with more intensity than ever before, and sub-Saharan Africa proved to be no exception.
The study sets out to analyse the motives and/or causes of military interventions in Rwanda in 1990, the DRC in 1996-7, and the DRC military rebellion and the Lesotho intervention in 1998. In analysing these interventions, the study borrows extensively from the work of dominant security theorists of international relations, predominantly realists who conceptualise international relations as a struggle for power and survival in the anarchic world. The purpose of this analysis is fourfold
firstly, to determine the reasons for military interventions and the extent to which these interventions were conducted on humanitarian grounds
secondly, to investigate the degree to which or not intervening countries were spurred by their national interests
thirdly, to assess the roles of international organisations like Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and the United Nations, in facilitating these interventions
as well as to evaluate the role of parliaments of intervening countries in authorising or not these military interventions in terms of holding their Executives accountable. In this context, the analysis argues that the intervening countries
Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Chad, Namibia, Rwanda, Sudan, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe appeared to have used intervention as a realist foreign policy tool in the absence of authorisation from the United Nations and its subordinate bodies such as the OAU and SADC.
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Gichenje, Helene. "The impact of official development assistance on African agriculture." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24007.
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An aggregate agricultural production function (a pooled covariance model) based on the metaproduction approach, was estimated using cross section, time series data for 32 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) covering the 1970-1993 period to evaluate the effect of foreign aid on agricultural production. The Almon lag structure of the foreign aid (Official Development Assistance) variable was specified to account for the effect of foreign aid over time. The results support the hypothesis that the aggregate effect of aid on agricultural production in SSA is positive. The marginal effect of foreign aid in SSA is calculated to be $0.14 which can be interpreted to mean that a one dollar increase in aid in each of the past six years would be expected to increase the value of agricultural output by 14 cents in the current year.There is a great variation in the effect of foreign aid on agricultural production when countries are classified according to agro-climatic region, income level and policy environment. Excluding Eastern and Southern Africa where the effect of aid is negative, the marginal effect of foreign aid ranges from $0.40 in Sudano-Sahel to $1.32 in Central Africa. The marginal effect of foreign aid is larger in middle income countries as compared to high income countries; it is negative in low income countries. The effect of aid is positive and significant in countries classified under a favourable policy environment but negative and insignificant in countries classified under an unfavourable policy environment. The structural adjustment dummy variable is positive and significant in most regressions indicating that structural adjustment programs have been beneficial to agriculture in most Sub-Saharan African countries.
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Kouzmine, Yaël. "Dynamiques et mutations territoriales du Sahara algérien : vers de nouvelles approches fondées sur l'observation." Besançon, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00256791.
Full textAbstract:
Depuis un siècle, l’espace saharien algérien a été le théâtre de mutations sociales et spatiales prégnantes. Même si elles ont répondu à des objectifs différents, l’intégration et l’appropriation territoriale et économique entamées pendant la période coloniale se sont accélérées et renforcées à partir de l’indépendance avec l’action volontariste de l’État. L’entrée dans “l’ère urbaine” a profondément reconfiguré les territoires sahariens et a fait émerger des tensions multiformes. Ces dernières, qui relèvent de dimensions environnementales, économiques et sociales, ont remis en cause les équilibres et les fonctionnements traditionnels de ces territoires. L’agglomération croissante de la population a engendré une fragilisation des écosystèmes, l’accroissement des inégalités économiques et plus globalement l’émergence de disparités territoriales structurelles. Face à ces constats, les politiques d’aménagement et de gestion du territoire ont récemment intégré le paradigme du développement durable afin de stimuler des processus d’évolution plus cohérents et durables. Cette recherche sous-tend deux objectifs complémentaires. Le premier consiste à développer une grille de lecture des structures territoriales sahariennes et de leurs dynamiques. Elle met en œuvre une approche pluri-disciplinaire appliquée à différentes échelles spatiales. Le second objectif est de mener une réflexion sur les apports des concepts et des outils de gestion et de gouvernance territoriale pour proposer une approche originale de l’observation territoriale du SaharaFor a century, the Algerian Saharan territories have been characterized by strong social and spatial mutations. Spatial and economic integration, which started with the French colonization, increased after the independence as a result of the State’s voluntarism. The progressive and massive urbanization around 1950 deeply reconfigured the Saharan territories and led to the emergence of different kinds of tensions. These environmental, economic and social mutations question today the traditional balances and mechanisms of those territories. The increasing concentration of population generated environmental problems, increase of economic inequalities and, overall, emergence of structural spatial disparities. Considering these phenomena, the spatial planning policy in Algeria has recently integrated the paradigm of sustainable development to generate a more coherent development of territories. This research has two complementary objectives. The first one aims to develop knowledge about the Saharan territories, their structures and related dynamics. This step is based on a multidisciplinary approach which is applied at different spatial levels. The second objective aims at thinking about the contributions of the territorial governance and management concepts and tools, in order to develop an original approach of the observation of Saharan territories
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Gravier, Mireille. "Le Tagant entre Sahel et Sahara." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024420.
Full textAbstract:
Aux confins du Sahel et du Sahara mauritanien, le plateau du Tagant (300 a 500 m. d'altitude) est un milieu de transition. Se rencontrent ici les influences d'Afrique du nord et d'Afrique noire. La crise climatique qui sévit maintenant depuis 23 ans a profondément bouleversé le fragile équilibre de ce biotope. Le système traditionnel d'occupation de l'espace, déjà fortement déstabilisé par les changements socio-économiques du 20eme siècle, achève de se déstructurer. Les nomades en se sédentarisant n'ont pas conscience des dommages qu'ils font subir a leur environnement. Des exemples précis et concrets sont étudiés plus particulièrement : Boumdeid, la Tamourt en Na'aj et une zone de brousse Tigree
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Benheddi, Zemri. "The conflict in the Western Sahara." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334605.
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Benhouhou, Salima S. "Vegetation studies in the Algerian Sahara." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308145.
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Le, Quellec Jean-Loïc. "Symbolisme et art rupestre au Sahara /." Paris : Éd. l'Harmattan, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35613873f.
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Tierney, Jessica E., Francesco S. R. Pausata, and Peter B. deMenocal. "Rainfall regimes of the Green Sahara." AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622881.
Full textAbstract:
During the "Green Sahara" period (11,000 to 5000 years before the present), the Sahara desert received high amounts of rainfall, supporting diverse vegetation, permanent lakes, and human populations. Our knowledge of rainfall rates and the spatiotemporal extent of wet conditions has suffered from a lack of continuous sedimentary records. We present a quantitative reconstruction of western Saharan precipitation derived from leaf wax isotopes in marine sediments. Our data indicate that the Green Sahara extended to 31 degrees N and likely ended abruptly. We find evidence for a prolonged "pause" in Green Sahara conditions 8000 years ago, coincident with a temporary abandonment of occupational sites by Neolithic humans. The rainfall rates inferred from our data are best explained by strong vegetation and dust feedbacks; without these mechanisms, climate models systematically fail to reproduce the Green Sahara. This study suggests that accurate simulations of future climate change in the Sahara and Sahel will require improvements in our ability to simulate vegetation and dust feedbacks.
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Gimenez, Amoros Luis. "Haul Music : transnationalism and musical performance in the Saharaui refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002302.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis presents ethnographic data and musical analysis (in the form of transcriptions) of Haul music which is the music style performed by Bedouin societies in Trab el Bidan region (Mauritania, Western Sahara, northern Mali, southern Algeria and northern Morocco). It is based on field research undertaken in Algeria in 2004-05 in the refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria, where Saharaui people (a Bedouin society)live in exile. This research is unique and original as Haul has not, until now, been explored in depth by any scholar. My research on Haul reveals that the changes in Saharaui music in the refugee camps of Tindouf reflect changes in the musical traditions of Bedouin societies as whole; changes that can be traced to the revolution which occurred in Western Sahara in 1975, and changes that are a result of the migrations and life in exile that followed. I argue that these changes occurred due to the transnational experiences undergone by Saharaui people in their forced exile (caused by the Moroccan state) from their homeland in Western Sahara to Algeria. Further, I assert that the invocation of memory in Bedouin musical styles is evidence of past musical practices being retained in contemporary Haul performance, although other musical changes are similarly in progress.
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Lux, Christina Anne. "Literary warscapes in contemporary sub-Saharan francophone Africa /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1404336831&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-181). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Kanjee, A., Y. Sayed, and D. Rodriguez. "Curriculum planning and reform in sub-Saharan Africa." SouthernAfrican Review of Education, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001173.
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Using exemplars from selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa, this article
considers trends in curriculum reform and the related policy challenges. Particular
attention is paid to aspects of the curriculum that affect quality. These include aims
and objectives, moves towards outcomes-based education, new areas of concentration
in response to social changes, the balance between subject-disciplinary- and
learning-area-based approaches, the challenges of effective pedagogy, the move
towards assessment for learning, curricular interventions that affect inclusion and
equity positively, and the centrality of teachers in improving learning.