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Journal articles on the topic 'Sagnac interferometer'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 January 2023

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1

Srinivasan, Hemanth, and Nirmal K. Viswanathan. "Berry phase with tunable topological charge in Sagnac interferometer." Journal of Optics 24, no. 4 (February 25, 2022): 044006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac5475.

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Abstract A Sagnac interferometer’s ring structure causes electromagnetic waves traversing it to periodically encounter the same optical elements. Due to this discrete translational symmetry, the frequency spectrum of the clockwise and counter-clockwise modes acquire a band structure with a characteristic band gap. When the interferometer is rotated, an additional non-reciprocal phase shift between the counter propagating modes arises and it results in the loss of time reversal symmetry. While prior understanding of the impact of Sagnac rotation on the band structure exists, the prevalence of topological geometric phase in Sagnac interferometer under rotation has not been prominently discussed. We propose a coupled mode theory with the required time reversal symmetry properties which influences the Berry curvature and we show that it leads to the accumulation of Berry phase with tunable topological charge.

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2

Zhu, X. D., E. K. Ko, G. Kimbell, and J. Robinson. "An optimized scheme for detecting magneto-optic effects in ultrathin films with Sagnac interferometry." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 093101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090061.

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Sagnac interferometry is advantageous in measuring time-reversal-symmetry breaking effects in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials as it suppresses time-reversal symmetric birefringent effects that are ubiquitous and often overwhelming in optical detection systems. When its sensitivity is limited only by the amplifier noise in the photo-detector, one needs to optimize the optical power that returns to the detector. We demonstrate an experimental scheme that maximizes the returning optical power in a Sagnac interferometry when detecting the magneto-optic effect in ultrathin films. In this scheme, the optical beam bearing the Faraday effect on a thin film is reflected at a second surface coated with a highly reflective gold film. The gold film increases the returned optical power by a factor of 4–5. For a normal-incidence Sagnac interferometer, this scheme yields an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio by the same factor. For an oblique-incidence Sagnac interferometer, this scheme should yield an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 20–25. For illustration, this scheme is used to measure magnetization curves and Kerr rotation images of 4.5-unit-cell thick SrRuO3(001) grown on SrTiO3(001).

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3

Yu, Hoon, Seung Jin Kim, and Jung Bog Kim. "Optimal control for generating excited state expansion in ring potential." Open Physics 18, no. 1 (July 28, 2020): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0171.

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AbstractWe applied an optimal control algorithm to an ultra-cold atomic system for constructing an atomic Sagnac interferometer in a ring trap. We constructed a ring potential on an atom chip by using an RF-dressed potential. A field gradient along the radial direction in a ring trap known as the dimple-ring trap is generated by using an additional RF field. The position of the dimple is moved by changing the phase of the RF field [1]. For Sagnac interferometers, we suggest transferring Bose–Einstein condensates to a dimple-ring trap and shaking the dimple potential to excite atoms to the vibrational-excited state of the dimple-ring potential. The optimal control theory is used to find a way to shake the dimple-ring trap for an excitation. After excitation, atoms are released from the dimple-ring trap to a ring trap by adiabatically turning off the additional RF field, and this constructs a Sagnac interferometer when opposite momentum components are overlapped. We also describe the simulation to construct the interferometer.

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4

Ham, Byoung S. "A Nonclassical Sagnac Interferometer Using Coherence de Broglie Waves." Advanced Devices & Instrumentation 2021 (November 3, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9862831.

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A Sagnac interferometer has been a powerful tool for gyroscope, spectroscopy, and navigation based on the Sagnac effects between counterpropagating twin fields in a closed loop, whose difference phase is caused by Einstein’s special relativity. Here, a nonclassical version of a Sagnac interferometer is presented using completely different physics of coherence de Broglie waves (CBW) in a cavity, where CBW is a nonclassical feature overcoming the standard quantum limit governed by classical physics.

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5

Capmany, José, Pascual Muñoz, Salvador Sales, Daniel Pastor, Beatriz Ortega, and Alfonso Martinez. "Arrayed waveguide Sagnac interferometer." Optics Letters 28, no. 3 (February 1, 2003): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.28.000197.

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6

Bertocchi, G., O. Alibart, D. B. Ostrowsky, S. Tanzilli, and P. Baldi. "Single-photon Sagnac interferometer." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 39, no. 5 (February 6, 2006): 1011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/5/001.

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7

Wang, Xue-Zhou, and Qi Wang. "A High-Birefringence Microfiber Sagnac-Interferometer Biosensor Based on the Vernier Effect." Sensors 18, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 4114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124114.

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We propose a high-sensitive Sagnac-interferometer biosensor based on theVernier effect (VE) with a high-birefringence microfiber. The sensitivity enhancement is achieved by utilizing two cascaded Sagnac interferometers. One of the two interference loops consists of a panda polarization-maintaining fiber as a filter, whilst the other is comprised of high-birefringent microfiber coated Graphene oxide (GO) as a sensing channel. We theoretically analyzed the sensitivity of the sensor and verified it with experiments. The results of the simulation show that the refractive index sensitivity is more than five times that of the fiber sensor based on a single Sagnac loop. The sensitivity of the refractive index in the experiments can reach 2429 nm/refractive index unit (RIU), which is basically in accordance with the simulation. We also use electrostatic adsorption to coat GO on the surface of the sensing channel. GO is employed to adsorb bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules to achieve the desired detection results, which has good biocompatibility and large specific surface area. The sensitivity to detect BSA can reach 9.097 nm/(mg×mL−1).

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8

Omar, Mohd Azwadi, Noran Azizan Cholan, Aminuddin Mohd, Mirsa Nurfarhan Mohd Azhan, Rahmat Talib, and Nor Hafizah Ngajikin. "Optical Temperature Sensor based on Sagnac Interferometer." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.30 (November 30, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.30.22073.

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Optical temperature sensors gain interest from the community recently due to their immunity to electromagnetic interference and ruggedness against chemical and mechanical disturbances as opposed to the conventional temperature sensors such as thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors. Optical temperature sensors come with many varieties and Sagnac interferometer is one of them. In this work, an all-fiber temperature sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed optical temperature utilizes Sagnac interferometer as the temperature head. The underlying mechanism for this sensor is based on the temperature dependence of a polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) in the Sagnac interferometer. The PMF birefringence which is influenced by temperature affects the phase difference of two incoming lights that enter the Sagnac interferometer and this contributes to the shifting of the transmission spectrum. The input light for the sensor characterization is provided by a custom-made amplified spontaneous emission source which comprises of a tunable laser source, a 980 nm laser diode pump, a wavelength division multiplexing coupler and a 10 m long erbium-doped fiber. Experimental results indicate that the temperature does affect the PMF characteristic. As the temperature increases from 30°C to 45°C, the wavelength dip reduced from 1553.8 nm to 1536.78nm. This proposed optical temperature sensor has a sensitivity of-1.0345 nm/°C. The development of this optical temperature sensor is promising especially for the measurement in the harsh environment.

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9

Thomas, Stephen, Colson Sapp, Charles Henry, Andrew Smith, Charles A. Sackett, Charles W. Clark, and Mark Edwards. "Modeling Atom Interferometry Experiments with Bose–Einstein Condensates in Power-Law Potentials." Atoms 10, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms10010034.

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Recent atom interferometry (AI) experiments involving Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) have been conducted under extreme conditions of volume and interrogation time. Numerical solution of the rotating-frame Gross–Pitaevskii equation (RFGPE), which is the standard mean-field theory applied to these experiments, is impractical due to the excessive computation time and memory required. We present a variational model that provides approximate solutions of the RFGPE for a power-law potential on a practical time scale. This model is well-suited to the design and analysis of AI experiments involving BECs that are split and later recombined to form an interference pattern. We derive the equations of motion of the variational parameters for this model and illustrate how the model can be applied to the sequence of steps in a recent AI experiment where BECs were used to implement a dual-Sagnac atom interferometer rotation sensor. We use this model to investigate the impact of finite-size and interaction effects on the single-Sagnac-interferometer phase shift.

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10

MOROZOVA, V. S., and B. J. AHMEDOV. "QUANTUM INTERFERENCE EFFECTS IN SLOWLY ROTATING NUT SPACE–TIME." International Journal of Modern Physics D 18, no. 01 (January 2009): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271809014352.

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General relativistic quantum interference effects in a slowly rotating NUT space–time, such as the Sagnac effect and the phase shift effect of interfering particles in a neutron interferometer, are considered. It was found that in the case of the Sagnac effect, the influence of the NUT parameter is becoming important due to the fact that the angular velocity of the locally nonrotating observer must be larger than the one in the Kerr space–time. In the case of neutron interferometry, it is found that due to the presence of the NUT parameter, an additional term in the phase shift of interfering particles emerges. This term can be, in principle, detected by a sensitive interferometer and the derived results could be further used in experiments to detect the gravitomagnetic charge. Finally, as an example, we apply the obtained results to the calculation of the UCN (ultra-cold neutrons) energy level modification in a slowly rotating NUT space–time.

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11

Sugawara, Yoshihiro, Oliver B. Wright, and Osamu Matsuda. "Interferometry: Watching Ripples on Crystals With a Sagnac Interferometer." Optics and Photonics News 13, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.13.12.000020.

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12

Starodumov, A. N., L. A. Zenteno, D. Monzon, and E. De La Rosa. "Fiber Sagnac interferometer temperature sensor." Applied Physics Letters 70, no. 1 (January 6, 1997): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119290.

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13

Hai-Qiang, Ma, Zhao Jian-Ling, and Wu Ling-An. "A dual-loop Sagnac interferometer." Chinese Physics B 18, no. 7 (July 2009): 2801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/18/7/030.

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14

Hirschberg, Joseph G., and Elli Kohen. "Pentaferometer: a solid Sagnac interferometer." Applied Optics 38, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.38.000136.

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15

Mądry, Mateusz, Lourdes Alwis, and Elżbieta Bereś-Pawlik. "Intensity-Modulated PM-PCF Sagnac Loop in a DWDM Setup for Strain Measurement." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (June 11, 2019): 2374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112374.

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A novel intensity-modulated Sagnac loop sensor based on polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) in a setup with a dense wavelength division multiplexer (DWDM) for strain measurement is presented. The sensor head is made of PM-PCF spliced to single-mode fibers. The interferometer spectrum shifts in response to the longitudinal strain experienced by the PM-PCF. After passing the Sagnac loop, light is transmitted by a selected DWDM channel, resulting in a change in the output optical power due to the elongation of PM-PCF. Hence, appropriate adjustment of spectral characteristics of the DWDM channel and the PM-PCF Sagnac interferometer is required. However, the proposed setup utilizes an optical power measurement scheme, simultaneously omitting expensive and complex optical spectrum analyzers. An additional feature is the possibility of multiplexing of the PM-PCF Sagnac loop in order to create a fiber optic sensor network.

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16

MAMADJANOV, A. I., A. A. HAKIMOV, and S. R. TOJIEV. "QUANTUM INTERFERENCE EFFECTS IN SPACETIME OF SLOWLY ROTATING COMPACT OBJECTS IN BRANEWORLD." Modern Physics Letters A 25, no. 04 (February 10, 2010): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310032482.

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The relativistic quantum interference effects in the spacetime of slowly rotating object in braneworld as the Sagnac effect and phase shift effect of interfering particle in neutron interferometer are derived in unified way. It is found that in the case of the Sagnac effect, the influence of brane parameter is becoming important due to the fact that the angular velocity of the locally non-rotating observer is increased by the brane tension. In the case of neutron interferometry, it is found that an additional term in the phase shift of interfering particle emerges due to the presence of the brane parameter Q*. From the obtained expressions of phase shift in Mach–Zehnder interferometer upper limit for brane parameter has been estimated. From the results of the recent experiments we have obtained upper limit for the tidal charge as Q* ≲ 107 cm 2. Finally, as an example, we apply the obtained results to the calculation of the (ultra-cold neutrons) energy level modification in the gravitational field of slowly rotating gravitating object in the braneworld.

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17

Luo, Zhe, E. R. Moan, and C. A. Sackett. "Semiclassical Phase Analysis for a Trapped-Atom Sagnac Interferometer." Atoms 9, no. 2 (March 27, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms9020021.

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A Sagnac atom interferometer can be constructed using a Bose–Einstein condensate trapped in a cylindrically symmetric harmonic potential. Using the Bragg interaction with a set of laser beams, the atoms can be launched into circular orbits, with two counterpropagating interferometers allowing many sources of common-mode noise to be excluded. In a perfectly symmetric and harmonic potential, the interferometer output would depend only on the rotation rate of the apparatus. However, deviations from the ideal case can lead to spurious phase shifts. These phase shifts have been theoretically analyzed for anharmonic perturbations up to quartic in the confining potential, as well as angular deviations of the laser beams, timing deviations of the laser pulses, and motional excitations of the initial condensate. Analytical and numerical results show the leading effects of the perturbations to be second order. The scaling of the phase shifts with the number of orbits and the trap axial frequency ratio are determined. The results indicate that sensitive parameters should be controlled at the 10−5 level to accommodate a rotation sensing accuracy of 10−9 rad/s. The leading-order perturbations are suppressed in the case of perfect cylindrical symmetry, even in the presence of anharmonicity and other errors. An experimental measurement of one of the perturbation terms is presented.

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18

Li, Lijun, Congying Jia, Tianzong Xu, Qian Ma, and Jianhong Sun. "High stability microfiber Sagnac loop liquid refractive index sensor with FBG mode selecting." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): P11029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/p11029.

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Abstract As a high-resolution sensor, it is very important to improve the spectral stability of microfiber Sagnac loop interferometer. A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) mode selecting method is proposed and demonstrated. The method can filter out some cladding modes by FBG in the Sagnac loop and make working modes energy more concentrated, which shows that the interference spectrum becomes more uniform. At the same time, the sensitivity and linearity of the sensor can be improved slightly by this method. In our experiment, the resolution of sensor can get 1.41 × 10-5 ∼ 7.49 × 10-6 in the liquid refractive index range of 1.3330∼1.38481. Moreover, this method can effectively improve the spectral stability of the interferometer, which shows that the dip wavelength absolute error of time fluctuation is improved from ±0.358 nm to 0.021 nm and from ±0.116 nm to 0.000 nm at 1536.6 nm and 1559.9 nm initial dip wavelength, respectively. This method also has advantages of compact structure, good mechanical properties, and easy preparation. On this basis, the FBG also can be replaced by various modes filters to develop more multifunctional high stability interferometers according to the detection needs.

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19

Zhang Xuemin, 张学敏, 魏儒义 Wei Ruyi, 闫肃 Yan Su, 段嘉友 Duan Jiayou, 李华 Li Hua, and 杨建峰 Yang Jianfeng. "Precise Alignment of Separated Sagnac Interferometer." Chinese Journal of Lasers 40, no. 4 (2013): 0416001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201340.0416001.

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20

Lukens, Joseph M., Nicholas A. Peters, and Raphael C. Pooser. "Naturally stable Sagnac–Michelson nonlinear interferometer." Optics Letters 41, no. 23 (November 16, 2016): 5438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.41.005438.

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21

Bortolozzo, U., S. Residori, J. L. Rubin, and J. P. Huignard. "Sagnac interferometer with adaptive nonlinear detection." Optics Letters 36, no. 4 (February 9, 2011): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.000520.

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22

Misawa, Kazuhiko, and Takayoshi Kobayashi. "Femtosecond Sagnac interferometer for phase spectroscopy." Optics Letters 20, no. 14 (July 15, 1995): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.20.001550.

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23

Tselikov, Alexander, and James Blake. "Sagnac-interferometer-based Fresnel flow probe." Applied Optics 37, no. 28 (October 1, 1998): 6690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.37.006690.

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24

Sun, Ke-Xun, M. M. Fejer, Eric Gustafson, and Robert L. Byer. "Sagnac Interferometer for Gravitational-Wave Detection." Physical Review Letters 76, no. 17 (April 22, 1996): 3053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.76.3053.

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25

Wen, Feng, Bao-jian Wu, and Te Luo. "All-fiber magneto-optic Sagnac interferometer." Applied Optics 50, no. 19 (June 21, 2011): 3123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.50.003123.

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26

Nicati, P. A., and P. Robert. "Stabilised current sensor using Sagnac interferometer." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 21, no. 8 (August 1988): 791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/21/8/010.

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27

Blake, J., P. Tantaswadi, and R. T. de Carvalho. "In-line Sagnac interferometer current sensor." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 11, no. 1 (1996): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.484007.

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28

Shiokawa, Naoyuki, Yuki Mizuno, Harumasa Tsuchiya, and Eiji Tokunaga. "Sagnac interferometer for photothermal deflection spectroscopy." Optics Letters 37, no. 13 (June 25, 2012): 2655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.002655.

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29

Santiago-Hernández, Héctor, Anuar Benjamín Beltrán-González, Azael Mora-Nuñez, Beethoven Bravo-Medina, and Olivier Pottiez. "Sagnac with Double-Sense Twisted Low-Birefringence Standard Fiber as Vibration Sensor." Sensors 22, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 8557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218557.

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In this work, we study a double-sense twisted low-birefringence Sagnac loop structure as a sound/vibration sensing device. We study the relation between the adjustments of a wave retarder inside the loop (which allows controlling the transmission characteristic to deliver 10, 100, and 300 μW average power at the output of the system) and the response of the Sagnac sensor to vibration frequencies ranging from 0 to 22 kHz. For a 300 m loop Sagnac, two sets of experiments were carried out, playing at the same time all the sound frequencies mixed for ∼1 s, and playing a sweep of frequencies for 30 s. In both cases, the time- and frequency-domain transmission amplitudes are larger for an average power of 10 μW, and smaller for an average power of 300 μW. For mixed frequencies, the Fourier analysis shows that the Sagnac response is larger for low frequencies (from 0 to ∼5 kHz) than for high frequencies (from ∼5 kHz to ∼22 kHz). For a sweep of frequencies, the results reveal that the interferometer perceives all frequencies. However, beyond ∼2.5 kHz, harmonics are present each ∼50 Hz, revealing that some resonances are present. The results about the influence of the power transmission through the polarizer and power emission of laser diode (LD) on the Sagnac interferometer response at high frequencies reveal that our system is robust, and the results are highly reproducible, and harmonics do not depend on the state of polarization at the input of the Sagnac interferometer. Furthermore, increasing the LD output power from 5 mW to 67.5 mW allows us to eliminate noisy signals at the system output. in our setup, the minimum sound level detected was 56 dB. On the other hand, the experimental results of a 10 m loop OFSI reveal that the response at low frequencies (1.5 kHz to 5 kHz) is minor compared with the 300 m loop OFSI. However, the response at high frequencies is low but still enables the detection of these frequencies, yielding the possibility of tuning the response of the vibration sensor by varying the length of the Sagnac loop.

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30

Zhirnov, Andrey A., Tatyana V. Choban, Konstantin V. Stepanov, Kirill I. Koshelev, Anton O. Chernutsky, Alexey B. Pnev, and Valeriy E. Karasik. "Distributed Acoustic Sensor Using a Double Sagnac Interferometer Based on Wavelength Division Multiplexing." Sensors 22, no. 7 (April 4, 2022): 2772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072772.

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We demonstrated a fiber optic distributed acoustic sensor based on a double Sagnac interferometer, using two wavelengths separated by CWDM modules. A mathematical model of signal formation principle, based on a shift in two signals analysis, was described and substantiated mathematically. The dependence of the sensor sensitivity on a disturbance coordinate and frequency was found and simulated, and helped determine a low sensitivity zone length and provided sensor scheme optimization. A data processing algorithm without filtering, appropriate even in case of a high system noise level, was described. An experimental study of the distributed fiber optic sensor based on a Sagnac interferometer with two wavelengths divided countering loops was carried out. An accuracy of 24 m was achieved for 25.4 km SMF sensing fiber without phase unwrapping.

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31

Zhao, Fang, Weihao Lin, Jie Hu, Shuaiqi Liu, Feihong Yu, Xingwei Chen, Guoqing Wang, Perry Ping Shum, and Liyang Shao. "Salinity and Temperature Dual-Parameter Sensor Based on Fiber Ring Laser with Tapered Side-Hole Fiber Embedded in Sagnac Interferometer." Sensors 22, no. 21 (November 5, 2022): 8533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218533.

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This paper presented a new kind of salinity and temperature dual-parameter sensor based on a fiber ring laser (FRL) with tapered side-hole fiber (SHF) embedded in a Sagnac interferometer. The sensing structure is majorly composed of tapered SHF located in the middle of SHF inside the Sagnac interferometer loop structure. The influences of the SHF’s diameters of different tapered in the Sagnac interferometer loop on the FRL sensing system are studied. The presence of air holes in the SHF makes the cladding mode easier to excite, and the interaction between the cladding mode with its surroundings is enhanced, thus having higher salinity sensitivity. Besides, the unique advantages of high resolution, narrower linewidth, and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of fiber laser make the measurement results more accurate. In this experiment, the SHF with different taper diameters was made, and it was found that reducing the diameter of the taper waist diameter could further improve the salinity sensitivity. When the waist diameter was 9.70 μm, the maximum salinity sensitivity of 0.2867 nm/‰ was achieved. Temperature sensing experiments were also carried out. The maximum temperature sensitivity of the FRL sensing system was −0.3041 nm/°C at the temperature range from 20 to 30 °C. The sensor has the characteristics of easy manufacture, good selectivity, and high sensitivity, proving the feasibility of simultaneous measurement of seawater salinity and temperature.

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32

Lee, Chao-Wei, Ruibo Wang, Pochi Yeh, and Wood-Hi Cheng. "Sagnac interferometer based flat-top birefringent interleaver." Optics Express 14, no. 11 (2006): 4636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.14.004636.

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33

Shim, Kyu-Min. "Principles and Prospects of Sagnac Interferometer Gyroscopes." Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics 23, no. 5 (October 25, 2012): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/kjop.2012.23.5.203.

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34

Bold, G. T., and T. H. Barnes. "Phase-difference amplification using a Sagnac interferometer." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 33, no. 3 (March 2000): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-8166(00)00039-7.

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35

Salin, François, Jeff Squier, and Kathryn Clay. "Ultrafast gating using a nonlinear Sagnac interferometer." Optics Communications 88, no. 2-3 (March 1992): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(92)90503-j.

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36

Xing, Jinyu, Hao Cui, Penghao Hu, Shiqun Jin, Mingyong Hu, Guo Xia, and Haibing Hu. "Gratings in dispersion-compensated polarization Sagnac interferometer." Optics Communications 458 (March 2020): 124806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2019.124806.

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37

Dodge, J. S., A. Kapitulnik, and M. M. Fejer. "Magneto-optic measurements with a sagnac interferometer." Ferroelectrics 162, no. 1 (January 1994): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199408245128.

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38

Farries, M. C., and D. N. Payne. "Optical fiber switch employing a Sagnac interferometer." Applied Physics Letters 55, no. 1 (July 3, 1989): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101737.

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39

Jinno, M., and T. Matsumoto. "Nonlinear Sagnac interferometer switch and its applications." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 28, no. 4 (April 1992): 875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.135205.

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40

Wu, Dong-Fang, Tian-Zhao Zhang, and Bo Jia. "Modified Sagnac interferometer for distributed disturbance detection." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 50, no. 6 (2008): 1608–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.23436.

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41

Acevedo, Cristian, Angela Guzmán, Yezid Torres Moreno, and Aristide Dogariu. "Sagnac Interferometer Based Generation of Controllable Cylindrical Vector Beams." International Journal of Optics 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7929813.

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We report on a novel experimental geometry to generate cylindrical vector beams in a very robust manner. Continuous control of beams’ properties is obtained using an optically addressable spatial light modulator incorporated into a Sagnac interferometer. Forked computer-generated holograms allow introducing different topological charges while orthogonally polarized beams within the interferometer permit encoding the spatial distribution of polarization. We also demonstrate the generation of complex waveforms obtained by combining two orthogonal beams having both radial modulations and azimuthal dislocations.

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Salman, Nawras Ali. "The Interferometer of Mach Zehnder and Its Applications." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 8 (September 4, 2021): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.8.nq21123.

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Fiber optic interferometers have been studied extensively for sensing various physical characteristics such as temperature, strain, pressure, and refractive index. Fabry-Perot, Mach-Zehnder, Michelson, and Sagnac are the four different types. In this case, in this study, the operational principles of Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor are examined. fabrication techniques, as well as application sectors. The technologies of interferometric sensors are described in detail to demonstrate their great potential in practical uses. Mach-Zehnder The interferometer is a device that measures the difference in phase shifts Between two coherent collimated beams. According to this fundamental Principle, various devices can be designed. Several devices, including various types of in-line MZI optical sensors, all-optical switches and modulator, can be created using this basic principle are discussed in this paper.

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NANDAN, A., M. SABUNCU, J. HEERSINK, O. GLÖCKL, G. LEUCHS, and U. L. ANDERSEN. "ALL-FIBRE SOURCE OF CONTINUOUS VARIABLE ENTANGLED LIGHT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 11n13 (May 20, 2006): 1280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206033917.

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We experimentally demonstrate the production of continuous variable entanglement of femto second laser pulses from an all-fibre asymmetric Sagnac interferometer exploiting the Kerr effect. Contrary to the experiment of Silberhorn et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4267 (2001)], the asymmetric coupler in the Sagnac loop is fully integrated in the fibre, making the source extremely compact, reliable and robust. Employing a simple detection scheme, comprising a beam splitter and two intensity detectors, we clearly observe quantum correlations of conjugate quadratures, hereby witnessing entanglement.

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Sweedler, Jonathan V., and M. Bonner Denton. "Spatially Encoded Fourier Transform Spectroscopy in the Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 8 (November 1989): 1378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894204506.

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A spatial (Sagnac triangular common path) interferometer is described and evaluated for obtaining spectra in the 200–950 nm wavelength region. The interferometer has no moving parts, requires no entrance or exit slits, and is easy to align. A linear CCD is employed as the detector, allowing spectra to be simultaneously acquired. The performance of the interferometer is demonstrated for atomic emission and solution absorbance spectra. A method to remove the fixed-pattern response of the detector and optical system is demonstrated which effectively increases the dynamic range of the resulting spectra.

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Wang, Shun, Ping Lu, Lili Mao, Deming Liu, and Shibin Jiang. "Cascaded interferometers structure based on dual-pass Mach–Zehnder interferometer and Sagnac interferometer for dual-parameter sensing." Optics Express 23, no. 2 (January 12, 2015): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.000674.

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Ran, Zengling, Xiu He, Yunjiang Rao, Dong Sun, Xiaojuan Qin, Debiao Zeng, Wangwei Chu, Xiankun Li, and Yabin Wei. "Fiber-Optic Microstructure Sensors: A Review." Photonic Sensors 11, no. 2 (April 24, 2021): 227–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13320-021-0632-7.

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AbstractThis paper reviews a wide variety of fiber-optic microstructure (FOM) sensors, such as fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, long-period fiber grating (LPFG) sensors, Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) sensors, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensors, Michelson interferometer (MI) sensors, and Sagnac interferometer (SI) sensors. Each FOM sensor has been introduced in the terms of structure types, fabrication methods, and their sensing applications. In addition, the sensing characteristics of different structures under the same type of FOM sensor are compared, and the sensing characteristics of the all FOM sensors, including advantages, disadvantages, and main sensing parameters, are summarized. We also discuss the future development of FOM sensors.

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Huang, Bing-Yau, Tsung-Hsien Lin, Tian-Yi Jhuang, and Chie-Tong Kuo. "Electrically Tunable Fresnel Lens in Twisted-Nematic Liquid Crystals Fabricated by a Sagnac Interferometer." Polymers 11, no. 9 (September 4, 2019): 1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091448.

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This paper presents an electrically tunable Fresnel lens in a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell fabricated by using a Sagnac interferometer. When the Fresnel-patterned green beam, formed by the Sagnac interferometer, is irradiated on the azo-dye doped liquid crystal mixture, the azo-dye molecules undergo trans–cis photoisomerization and then generate the photo-alignment effect in the bright (odd) zones. The director of the liquid crystal molecules in the odd zones reorients the direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the linearly polarized green beam. The various structures of liquid crystals in the odd and even zones will result in a phase difference and thus, a Fresnel lens can be generated. The experimental results show that the proposed Fresnel lens has a high diffraction efficiency of 31.5% under an applied alternating-currents (AC) voltage. The focal length of the Fresnel lens can also be tuned by thermally erasing the photo-alignment effect of the azo dyes and rewriting by a different Fresnel-like pattern.

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Marletto, Chiara, and Vlatko Vedral. "Sagnac interferometer and the quantum nature of gravity." Journal of Physics Communications 5, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 051001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/abfd43.

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Tang Yuanhe, 唐远河, 郭挺 GuoTing, and 郜海阳 Gao Haiyang. "Modulation Transfer Function of Modified Sagnac Imaging Interferometer." Acta Optica Sinica 30, no. 6 (2010): 1651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20103006.1651.

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Heo, Hyeokjun, Taeho Kim, Yungi Jeong, Hangyeol Park, and Joonho Jang. "Sagnac interferometer for time-resolved magneto-optical measurements." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 013903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0073908.

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