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Berezutskyi, Viacheslav, and Gulmira Madievа. "International students Olympiad safety and health." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/25287.
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The article presents the results of the international students of Olympiads on disciplines direction of safety of life and human health. The organizers of the International Student Olympiad shared their experiences and perspectives of development of Internet-Olympiads in this direction.У статті представлені результати Міжнародної Студентської Олімпіади з дисциплін із напрямку - забезпечення безпеки життя і здоров'я людини. Організатори Міжнародної студентської Олімпіади поділилися своїм досвідом та перспективами розвитку Інтернет-Олімпіад в цьому напрямку.
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Fleming, Tania Dawn. "Enhancing Awareness of Cultural Safety Among Midwifery Academics." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/382674.
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This PhD aimed to improve awareness of Cultural Safety amongst midwifery
academics. The provision of culturally safe educational experiences and learning and teaching practices are key strategies to improving the academic success of First Peoples students. This PhD thesis with publication is presented in nine chapters and consists of six manuscripts which have been published or are under review. The first chapter introduces the background, aim, significance, and an overview of the studies.
Chapter two is presented in three parts. Part one explores the intersection between my PhD research program, my position as a non-Indigenous researcher, and my
reflexive self. Part two outlines the development of a conceptual framework that underpins this research. A reframed standpoint theory was developed that blends
cultural, Indigenous and feminist standpoint theories. This reframed standpoint theory
guided the mixed methods used across this PhD program and is described in Part three.
Study one was an integrative systematic review of educational strategies to promote academic success and resilience in undergraduate Indigenous students. The included papers were critiqued from a standpoint theory approach that reflected
feminism, cultural respect, and humanism. Key strategies for Indigenous student success were found to be multi-faceted and underpinned by principles of respect, relationships, and responsibility. The review identified a relative lack of published research in this field and few validated measures.
Study two was an integrative review of the literature on the scope and efficacy of professional development interventions to increase awareness of Cultural Safety by
midwifery academics. Papers were assessed using the Critical Appraisals Skills
Program (CASP) guidelines. Concepts were mapped thematically. Five broad themes
emerged: Cultural Terms, Knowledge of Culture, Cultural Education, Cultural Aspirations/Desire and Culture in Curricula. This study found no agreed best practice framework to support awareness of Cultural Safety for midwifery academics. Cultural Safety needs to be embedded into professional development plans for midwifery
academics.
Study three aimed to develop a tool measuring awareness of Cultural Safety. A staged model for tool development included; generation of items, content validity
testing and expert First Peoples cultural review, administration of items to a convenience sample of academics, and psychometric testing. An online survey was
completed by academics (n = 42). The Awareness of Cultural Safety Scale (ACSS)
was found to be reliable (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87) and valid. Three factors were generated with sound internal reliability. There was a significant correlation between ACSS and Awareness of Racism scores.
Study four implemented and evaluated a continuing professional development intervention to improve midwifery academics’ awareness of Cultural Safety. A prepost intervention mixed methods design was used. The intervention consisted of two workshops and five yarning circles across a semester. Data included responses on the ACSS, self-assessment on cultural knowledge and perceptions of racism, evaluation of the intervention, participants’ journal entries, and researcher’s
reflections. Participants awareness of Cultural Safety improved after attending the professional development program. Participants reported a high level of satisfaction with the workshops and yarning circles.
Study five explored the impact of yarning circles within a professional development program to enhance midwifery academics’ awareness of Cultural Safety with eight
participants. Interviews were analysed using a staged thematic analysis process. Six
key themes that centred on participants’ sense of belonging, sense of safety, sense knowing, sense of support, sense of difference, and sense of challenge were identified. These concepts were supportive of participants’ developing awareness of Cultural Safety.
Study Six examined awareness of Cultural Safety within the broader midwifery
profession. An online survey design included the Awareness of Cultural Safety Scale – Revised (ACSS-R), Self-assessment of Cultural Knowledge and Perceptions of Racism scales. Members of the Australian College of Midwives or the Congress of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nurses and Midwives were invited to participate.
The ACSS-R was found to be reliable and valid, but the low response rate (n=92) may reflect implicit bias in the workforce towards Cultural Safety. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the overall findings and conclusions. The limitations of the program of work are outlined. Implications and recommendations for further research, education and practice are outlined.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Nursing & Midwifery
Griffith Health
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Tutino, Jessica. "Safety First! The Impact of Safety Behaviour Use and Beliefs on Cognitive, Behavioural, and Emotional Responses During Exposure for Speech Anxiety." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40926.
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There is a debate among researchers and clinicians as to whether the judicious use of safety behaviours (SBs) during exposure therapy is helpful or detrimental. Central to this debate is the premise that SBs may interfere with one’s ability to gather disconfirmatory evidence. However, no study to date has assessed: 1) how SB use may interact with cognitive mechanisms at play during an exposure-like task, or 2) whether it is SBs themselves, or rather, beliefs about SBs that are most important. The two studies outlined in this dissertation sought to investigate the cognitive, emotional, behavioural, and psychophysiological underpinnings and consequences of exposure with SBs. In Study 1, speech anxious participants (N = 111) were randomly assigned to deliver an evaluated speech with or without SBs. Self-reported anxiety ratings and psychophysiological arousal measures were recorded at baseline, in anticipation of the speech, and following the speech. Measures of working memory capacity, ability to gather disconfirmatory evidence, and speech task acceptability were administered. Results demonstrated no differences between conditions on most outcomes. However, condition did influence willingness to deliver future speeches, such that participants in the SB condition were less willing than those in the NoSB condition to deliver a future speech without SBs. In Study 2, speech anxious participants (N = 144) were given divergent information on the helpfulness of SBs. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions and were told either that SBs are: helpful (decrease anxiety), unhelpful (counterproductive and increase anxiety), or were provided with no information on the anxiolytic effects of SBs (control condition). Self-reported anxiety ratings were recorded at baseline, in anticipation of the speech, and following the speech. Similar to Study 1, measures of working memory capacity, ability to gather disconfirmatory evidence, and speech task acceptability were administered. Results demonstrated that participants in the helpful condition perceived the exposure as being more likely to succeed in helping them reduce their anxiety. Moreover, exposure expectancy mediated the relationship between the helpful condition (but not the unhelpful condition) and willingness to engage in future exposure exercises. There were no differences between conditions on most other outcomes. Taken together, these findings suggest that SB use may not necessarily be detrimental to outcomes on an exposure-like task, as individuals were able to gather disconfirmatory evidence (one of the proposed primary mechanisms underlying exposure success) across conditions in both studies. However, clients may believe SBs to be more helpful than they actually are, and clinicians should work collaboratively with clients to identify whether judicious SB use may be appropriate and helpful (or inappropriate and detrimental) in achieving their treatment goals. The current research program has the potential to improve our understanding of the consequences of SB use and identify the ways in which cognitive behavioural therapies could be improved.
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Hollerbach, Brittany S. "The first twenty exercise training program and fire academy recruits’ fitness and health." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34507.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Kinesiology
Katie M. Heinrich
Firefighting is an inherently dangerous occupation with high rates of injuries and fatalities, with the majority of line of duty fatalities due to cardiovascular events. Additionally, firefighters struggle with poor health and low levels of fitness, including very high (>80%) rates of overweight and obesity likely related to the culture of the fire service. Limited resources exist for fire departments that are sensitive to the culture and work requirements of these “tactical athletes”. Though there has been increasing interest in circuit-type high intensity exercise training programs, key research data are lacking for the firefighter population and few studies have focused on training firefighter recruits. PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot investigation was to examine a novel physical training program on fire academy recruits’ health, fitness, and performance, in addition to examining the programs’ acceptability, feasibility, and future efficacy. METHODS: Thirteen participants were recruited from an entry level fire academy and were randomly assigned to either the control (CG, n=6) or intervention exercise group (TF20, n=7). Due to attrition within the first two weeks of the study, 10 male fire recruits (23±3 years) completed the study (CG, n=3, TF20, n=7). The CG were asked to continue their current exercise habits. TF20 were provided an online-based training program (The First 20) that included periodized workouts, nutritional information, and mental readiness education. All participants completed baseline and post-intervention assessments and 10-weeks of exercise training. Health assessments included resting and post-exercise heart rate and blood pressure and estimated VO₂[subscript]max. Anthropometric measures included height, weight, % body fat, % lean mass, and BMI. Performance was measured using the Candidate Physical Ability Test (CPAT). Psychosocial measures were assessed by a short questionnaire. A feasibility analysis was also completed for those in TF20 group. Due to the small sample size and group differences at baseline, descriptive statistics were calculated and each participant was reviewed as an individual case study. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to test for significance among TF20 group. RESULTS: This pilot investigation provided effect sizes and parameter estimates necessary for the design of a larger randomized controlled trial. Even with a small sample size, TF20 group showed improvement on numerous outcome measures including CPAT performance (40% passing at baseline to 86% passing post-intervention). Of five TF20 participants completing the CPAT at baseline and post-intervention, four improved their passing time. TF20 participants significantly increased estimated VO₂[subscript]max (p=0.028) and significantly improved body composition (decreased fat mass (kg) and % fat mass, p=0.028). TF20 participants also significantly improved grip strength (p=0.018). The CG saw no statistically significant differences from baseline to post-intervention. TF20 group completed approximately 75% of the assigned workouts. Participants reported enjoying the workouts and stated a program like this should be offered for fire academy recruits in the future. CONCLUSION: While TF20 participants showed significant fitness gains, the small sample size limited comparisons to the control group or other covariates. TF20 program was well-received although there may be a better way to implement the intervention to increase participation. Participants mentioned they would like group workouts led by a certified strength and conditioning coach/peer fitness trainer as opposed to self-guided workouts. This investigation provides promising results for the efficacy of high-intensity training programs in firefighter recruits. Additionally, this study provides alternative guidance for exercise prescription designed specifically for the firefighter population.
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Sullivan, James J. "Advanced Personal Protection Technology Using Carbon Nanotube Textiles for Firefighters and First Responders." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377871634.
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Wilson, Hollie J. "Reducing recidivism by first time drink driving offenders." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/82215/1/Hollie_Wilson_Thesis.pdf.
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This research provides a detailed description of first time drink driving offenders at the time of their court appearance and at follow-up to examine the factors leading to subsequent drink driving. To develop models for behavioural change a novel theoretical application of the Health Action Process Approach was used to determine what enables some offenders to avoid future drink driving. Utilising self-report and official offence records in the follow-up of offenders enabled an in depth exploration of first offender characteristics and drink driving behaviour. The research demonstrates that first offenders are not a homogenous group in terms of their characteristics or the circumstances of the offence and will be used to develop tailored countermeasures for first offenders including online intervention programs.
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Vonmoss, Michael J. "A church growth project targeting elementary school age children in the First Baptist Church, Safety Harbor, Florida." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.
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Sturrock, James Lee. "A Behavioral Modification Analysis of the Effects of Multimedia First Aid Training on Injuries in an Industrial Setting." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331593/.
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Past research has shown a correlation between first-aid training and the reduction of injuries. This connection has been noted in off-the-job situations in addition to industrial studies. This project is an extension of those past findings with three notable differences: total population training was studied, as the intervention instead of just saturation treatment; attention was given to the effect that the half-life of training had upon injury reduction; and three randomly chosen small groups we're studied to determine short range effects. The theoretical bases from which the study hypothesis was developed originated in the Behavioral Science and Psychology literature. Discussions are developed around the mental structuring of accidental potential situations in the case of a person trained in first-aid principles. Behavior Modification was one of the principles of change that offered a.safer environment through first-aid training. Group contagion provided the setting for development of a safer place to work because of socialization to a "safe attitude." The intervention, American National Red Cross Standard Multimedia First-Aid Course, provided some of the mental developments toward modification of behavior. These were the modeling and rehearsal features of the course. A connection between group deviance and accident "proneness" led to a proposal that avoidance behavior was the resultant of the training.
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Ölund, Fredrik. "San Pedro S.A. : Taking the first step to a safer work environment." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6734.
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As a part of improving the production, the Bolivian door manufacturer San Pedro S.A. needs to develop their level of industrial safety. Today their safety level is considered to be almost non-existing. Together with CADEFOR, San Pedro wishes for a handbook that show them how to work with industrial safety, how to implement it and were to begin.
Much needs to be done at San Pedro and the task has been to show both them and CADEFOR which parts San Pedro need to focus on to increase the overall safety.
It is considered important that they chose to start with the most crucial areas but the aim is that they will, during a period of time, attend to all problem areas mentioned.
The first thing San Pedro needs to do is to form an aim for the safety work. This means setting up a policy and routines for the ongoing work.
Secondly they should start working with improving the fire security, informing the personal about the risks they are exposed to. Further they should educate attendants in first aid, use the protection on the machines available and create a better luminosity environment.
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Kahari, Ingrid. "An exploratory study of first year residence students' perceptions regarding safety and security at the University of Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11337.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-82).
Safety and security is an issue that institutions of higher learning have to deal with and address within their campuses. The focus of this study was to explore first year residence students perceptions regarding safety and security at the University of Cape Town (UCT). An exploratory qualitative approach was used in this study. The purposive sample consisted of fourteen first year students from three UCT residences and three residence supervisors from these residences giving a total sample of seventeen participants. The results of the study showed that students see themselves as safer within the confines of UCT whereas they feel relatively unsafe off campus.
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Goldstein, Eric. "An investment in public safety do DHS assistance to firefighters grants lead to a reduction in first responder injury rates? /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/646817140/viewonline.
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Anselius, Sara. "Safety first: a case study of incident and accident reporting in a company within the construction and civil engineering industry." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-253813.
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The construction industry is an exciting and community developing industry, but it is also very much talked about because of the high injury frequency that the industry is characterized by. As a part of preventing accidents at work, the employer conducts systematic work environment work to detect risky parts of the work and to remedy these. Despite the elimination of risks at work, accidents and incidents - so-called deviations in the working environment - occur. Deviations in the working environment must be reported immediately to the employer. Within the company that is subject of this study, the deviations are reported and stored a system called BIA. BIA enables, based on the deviation reports, to create statistical data for the company with respect to different parameters. This report is based on this deviation statistics with regard to accidents and incidents, produced from the reporting tool BIA. The study has investigated in which stages/phases incidents and accidents occur, which work operations that cause incidents and accidents, as well as injury risks and causes of injury behind accidents and incidents. The majority of the company's incidents and accidents occur during construction projects, production and land work. Incidents are caused by work tasks such as excavation work, work at/with passing vehicle traffic and movement within the area. Accidents are caused by work at/by machine, manual handling of material / product and work at/with handheld work equipment. The damage risks in the event of incidents are vehicle accidents, hit by falling or flying objects and stuck or clamped between objects. The causes of injury caused by accidents are damage by self-handled objects, fall at the same level and contact with sharp objects. Fall from height and fall at the same level are the cause of damage in a large part of the accidents. The result of the study also shows that the information given in the event reports in BIA, either lacks of information or that the information is inadequate.Byggbranschen är en spännande och samhällsutvecklande bransch, men den är också mycket omtalad med anledning av den höga skadefrekvens som branschen karakteriseras av. Som ett led i att förebygga olyckor i arbetet bedriver arbetsgivaren ett systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete för att upptäcka riskabla moment i arbetet samt åtgärda dessa. Trots eliminering av risker i arbetet, inträffar olycksfall och tillbud – så kallade avvikelser i arbetsmiljön. Avvikelser i arbetsmiljön skall omedelbart rapporteras till arbetsgivaren. Inom det företag som utgör föremål för denna studie rapporteras och lagras avvikelserna i ett system som kallas för BIA. BIA möjliggör att, utifrån avvikelserapporter, skapa statistiskt underlag för företaget med avseende på olika parametrar. Denna rapport är baserad på denna avvikelsestatistik med avseende på olycksfall och tillbud, framtaget ur rapporteringsverktyget BIA. Studien har undersökt i vilka skeden/faser tillbud och olycksfall inträffar, vilka arbetsmoment som föranleder tillbud och olycksfall samt skaderisker och skadeorsaker bakom tillbud och olycksfall. Majoriteten av företagets tillbud och olycksfall inträffar vid anläggningsprojekt, produktion och markarbete. Tillbud föranleds av arbetsmoment som schaktningsarbete, arbete vid/med passerande fordonstrafik samt förflyttning inom området. Olycksfall föranleds av arbete vid/med maskin, manuell hantering av material/produkt samt arbete vid/med handhållen arbetsutrustning. Skaderiskerna vid inträffade tillbud är fordonsolycka, träffas av fallande eller flygande föremål samt fastnat eller klämts mellan föremål. De skadeorsaker som olycksfall innebär är skada av egenhanterat föremål, fall i samma nivå samt kontakt med vasst föremål. Fall från höjd och fall i samma nivå utgör orsak till skada i en stor del av olycksfallen. Resultatet av studien visar också att det saknas information i de händelserapporteringar som inkommer i BIA, alternativt är den tillgängliga informationen bristfällig.
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Rinaldi, Ronald P. "Assessing Educators’ School Safety and Security Preparedness at a New Jersey K-12 Nonpublic School." Diss., NSUWorks, 2016. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/fse_etd/90.
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School shootings and emergencies have created the need for educators to be proficient in emergency response procedures; yet they do not always receive the requisite training. The lack of an established delineated training program for New Jersey, kindergarten to Grade 12 institutions has created a situation where educator preparedness varies immensely at schools. Numerous national events of targeted school violence have exemplified the need for quick and proper responses by educators to mitigate the tragic results until first responders arrive. The purpose and goal of this study was to assess educators’ perceptions and to determine the best practices in creating a comprehensive safety and security training program to prepare educators for school crises in order to offer a model for stakeholders to follow or gain ideas to improve their institution’s specific school safety and security emergency plans. Guided by the U.S. Department of Education’s best practices in developing high-quality school safety plans, this study analyzed the perceptions of 60 educators in one New Jersey kindergarten to Grade 12 school on the effectiveness of training. A mixed-methods approach, using a survey questionnaire and interviews, measured changes in the perceptions of these educators after the 15-week program. Data results included a revelation of the implementation of a comprehensive school safety and security plan with related training program resulted in a statistically significant increase in the perceptions of educators’ knowledge and abilities to respond effectively to school targeted violence and emergencies. These findings support the concept that best practices in the field of school safety and security management include appropriate and comprehensive school safety and security plans and training for educators to combat and mitigate school targeted violence and emergent events.
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Mills, Kyly M. "Exploring the emotional dimension of non-Indigenous health student learning in First Peoples cultural safety education: An Indigenist mixed methods approach." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/410192.
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Health professionals have a vital role in providing health services to First Peoples, in a culturally safe way that respects First Peoples histories, cultures, perspectives and identities. Including First Peoples health and cultural safety content in pre-registration health professional curricula may increase graduates’ skills, attributes, and knowledge to provide clinically and culturally safe care. In addition, a culturally safe workforce has the potential to reduce health inequities and social disadvantage for First Peoples.
Recent research suggests that for students to experience transformative learning, some discomfort with First Peoples cultural safety content is necessary. Despite this, there remains a dearth of research that explores students’ emotional responses in a meaningful way. Further, there has been limited research about pedagogies that enable educators to navigate these emotional responses in the classroom. Finally, there are few validated and robust measures that account for the emotional dimension of learning in cultural safety education in Australia.
This PhD program of research attempted to address these gaps by using an Indigenist mixed-methods sequential exploratory design that included six studies. Study results are either published or under review. Study 1 was a systematic review of the literature that explored the experiences and outcomes of health professional students when undertaking education on First Peoples health. Findings identified the included studies did not analyse how students emotionally engage with First Peoples health content and did not identify relationships between ‘discomfort’ and transformative learning experiences. Study 2 applied the pedagogy of discomfort (Boler, 1999) as a framework to better understand the emotional dimension of learning by non-indigenous health students after completing a First Peoples health course. This study found that while students expressed discomfort when learning about key cultural safety concepts, the extent of transformative learning varied. Study 3 involved an integrative Health professionals have a vital role in providing health services to First Peoples, in a culturally safe way that respects First Peoples histories, cultures, perspectives and identities. Including First Peoples health and cultural safety content in pre-registration health professional curricula may increase graduates’ skills, attributes, and knowledge to provide clinically and culturally safe care. In addition, a culturally safe workforce has the potential to reduce health inequities and social disadvantage for First Peoples.
Recent research suggests that for students to experience transformative learning, some discomfort with First Peoples cultural safety content is necessary. Despite this, there remains a dearth of research that explores students’ emotional responses in a meaningful way. Further, there has been limited research about pedagogies that enable educators to navigate these emotional responses in the classroom. Finally, there are few validated and robust measures that account for the emotional dimension of learning in cultural safety education in Australia.
This PhD program of research attempted to address these gaps by using an Indigenist mixed-methods sequential exploratory design that included six studies. Study results are either published or under review. Study 1 was a systematic review of the literature that explored the experiences and outcomes of health professional students when undertaking education on First Peoples health. Findings identified the included studies did not analyse how students emotionally engage with First Peoples health content and did not identify relationships between ‘discomfort’ and transformative learning experiences. Study 2 applied the pedagogy of discomfort (Boler, 1999) as a framework to better understand the emotional dimension of learning by non-indigenous health students after completing a First Peoples health course. This study found that while students expressed discomfort when learning about key cultural safety concepts, the extent of transformative learning varied. Study 3 involved an integrative systematic literature review to determine the scope and availability of tools used to measure the emotional constructs of undergraduate health students’ learning in First Peoples cultural safety education or similar educational settings. Although students’ emotional responses were measured, processes that encouraged students to reflect upon those reactions were not incorporated by researchers or educators within the classroom. Study 4 developed and tested a measure of student emotion using an approach that centred cultural safety tenets and First Peoples’ perspectives, values and lived realities. The Student Emotional Learning in Cultural Safety Instrument (SELCSI) was found to be valid and reliable. While use of the tool may contribute to understanding how health professional students learn to practice in culturally safe ways, it was imperative to develop appropriate, emotion-informed pedagogy. Study 5 incorporated First Peoples’ knowledges to interpret and theorise non-Indigenous health students’ emotional learning experiences within a cultural safety course. A qualitative analysis of free-text responses by students collected in conjunction with the SELCSI was conducted. The synthesis of non-Indigenous health students’ emotions in the classroom was metaphorically represented by a river in Kamilaroi Country during drought, flood, and when the waters clear. Study 6 evaluated a unique, brief, culturally-informed intervention using the SELCSI. The intervention involved health students’ written reflections and perceptions of comfort with workshop content, using a gawugaa-gii-mara (head, heart, hands) written response form. As part of the intervention, responses collected on this form were analysed and used to prompt discussion in a series of four workshops in the First Peoples’ cultural safety course.
Findings connect the river metaphor to recognisable emotional responses from students (gii) and what this may represent or ‘look’ like in the classroom (gawugaa), along with practical emotion-based strategies that can be implemented by educators in the cultural safety classroom (mara). There are future implications for educational pedagogies and spaces that are safe and address the emotional dimension of learning in cultural safety education. Properly understood, the inclusive planning, delivery and evaluation of education about First Peoples’ health and cultural safety could have significant flow-on benefits for First Peoples and communities. Students must be guided safely through this content using innovative First Peoples’ emotional pedagogy. Future longitudinal studies are required to determine if students’ understanding of cultural safety is sustained as they move into the healthcare workforce and ascertain whether their practice contributes to tangible change in healthcare outcomes for First Peoples.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Nursing & Midwifery
Griffith Health
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St, Clair Douglas Milton. "Current streamlining strategies: Restructuring vocational rehabilitation's vision into the twenty-first century." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280009.
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Streamlining is an attempt to make an organizational process increase its efficiency. The 1992 Amendments to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 defined changes within the service delivery system of the Public State/Federal Vocational Rehabilitation (PS/FVR) Program, that appeared to suggest that streamlining was a new requirement from Congress. However, Congress, Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) and/or Council of State Administrators for Vocational Rehabilitation (CSAVR) did not mandate streamlining for the Public State/Federal Vocational Rehabilitation (PS/FVR) Program. Training on streamlining was designated to the Regional Rehabilitation Continuing Education Programs (RRCEP). The RRCEP programs exist in the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 to provide continuing education to employees of the PS/FVR Program, This studies literature review revealed Streamlining has resulted in inconsistent implementation approaches across state agencies and/or federal regions. Currently there is no data and/or consistent approaches to streamlining in the PS/FVR Program. Because of inconsistency in implementing streamlining, the RRCEP's ability to develop appropriate in-service training curriculum that is sensitive to the new needs and issues is jeopardized. The lack of a consistent methodology for streamlining implementation creates problems in planning pre-service academic rehabilitation counseling programs. The study utilized a Chi-Square analysis design due to the small sample size. However, while the sample size was small, the data were global in nature because each number analyzed represents thousands of individual Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) cases. Streamlining was developed to impact the success markers in a positive direction, i.e, clients with severe disabilities would obtain successful employment with higher wages after their employment, an increased number of individuals with severe disabilities would be served, and the VR counselor would spend less money to accomplish the employment goals. Each of the results examining these variables in this study was statistically significant in the states that had implemented streamlining. The study gave support to the premise that streamlining has a positive impact on the vocational rehabilitation process in increased wages for PS/FVR clients, reduced time in service, and decreased case service dollars spent.
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Hernandez, Helen Birkmann. "Usability Challenges with Insulin Pump Devices in Diabetes Care: What Trainers Observe with First-Time Pump Users." Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/1087.
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Insulin pumps are designed for the self-management of diabetes mellitus in patients and are known for their complexity of use. Pump manufacturers engage trainers to teach patients how to use the devices correctly to control the symptoms of their disease. Usability research related to insulin pumps and other infusion pumps with first-time users as participants has centered on the relationship between user interface design and the effectiveness of task completion. According to prior research, the characteristics of system behavior in a real life environment remain elusive. A suitable approach to acquire information about potential usability problems encountered by first-time users is to obtain this information from the health care professionals who train them.
The purpose of the study was to discover the lived experiences and shared impressions of insulin pump trainers during training sessions with first-time users. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to uncover the phenomena associated with usability challenges that first-time users of insulin pumps face when learning to use the device. Six participants representing a homogeneous sample were recruited from a wide geographic area in the United States, and semi-structured interviews containing open-ended questions were conducted with the respondents.
The data from the lived experiences and shared impressions of the participants were used to develop the following five super-ordinate themes: Emotion-charged Environment, Personalized Training, Safety Issues and Disaster Planning, Professional Dedication, and The Voice. The essence of participants’ experience was described around the pivotal moment when the training sessions are successfully completed and insulin pump therapy becomes alive.
The findings of this study have implications for information systems professionals who conduct research on the safe design and usability of safety critical medical devices. In addition, the findings from this study create opportunities for practice to improve the initiation of insulin pump therapy in patients with diabetes.
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Smith, Joseph L. Jr. "A study of first responders and burnout as governed by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA) in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2014. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1515.
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This study examined whether first responders in Metropolitan Atlanta experience burnout, taking in consideration factors such as primary role at work, gender, age, marital status, length of employment as a First Responder, and perceived awareness of OSHA regulations in regards to burnout. Participants of the study were comprised of 108 first responders in Metropolitan Atlanta, which included police officers, emergency mediqal services personnel (EMS), crisis line workers, fire fighters, that were selected utilizing non-probability purposeful sampling among the target population. In sum, first responders in Metropolitan Atlanta experience moderate (64.2%) to high (35.8 %) levels ofjob burnout. When demographic characteristics were taken in consideration, such as primary role at work, gender, age, marital status, and length of employment as a First Responder, there was no statistically significant relationship established.
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Gray, Benson Ashley C. "An Exploration of Factors Influencing First-Generation College Students' Ability to Graduate College: A Delphi Study." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1583844741630778.
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Rheault, Haunnah. "Examining the chronic disease health literacy of First Nations Australians: A mixed methods study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/228618/8/Haunnah%20Rheault%20Thesis.pdf.
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Chronic disease is the most significant contributor to the mortality gap between Australia’s First Nations people and the overall Australian population. This study explored chronic disease self-management and health literacy in First Nations adults living in remote Queensland. Key findings were poor communication by healthcare providers coupled with limited health literacy abilities of individuals were the major barriers to active engagement with managing chronic disease. Providing a supportive health literacy environment and the provision of appropriate health information delivered in a cultural safe way using clinical yarning, may assist with closing the gap in First Nations people.
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Esson, Ken. "A cost analysis of accidents and injuries in the open cut coalmining industry." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 1992. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/97254.
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Following a study of back injuries in the Queensland Coal Industry, there arose several questions that needed further research. One of these was the cost of accident and injuries, and the impact of this cost would have on an organisation. The project's research involved a comprehensive study of literature pertaining to the cost of accidents and injuries. This included both insured and uninsured costs. The following four classifications of accidents were researched; first aid treatments; first aid doctor treatments; lost time injury cases; and equipment accident damage cases. A coal mine was selected for the pilot study and, data was collected on the four classifications over a complete year. This means a year that has no out standing accident cases or liablilities. The research was then considered to determine its support for the acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis whic postulates that the current methods used to analyse the cost of accidents or injuries in the coal mining industry are inadequate. As a result of the above condsiderations, a number of key points are put forward in support of the acceptance of the hypothesis. The research established costs both insured and uninsured for the four classifications under review. Then a calculation of a weighted ratio of uninsured costs was made. The paper concludes by making certain recommendations and supporting the need for further research into accident costing within the coal mining fraternity.Masters in Applied Science in Occupational Health and Safety
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Thomschutz, Hans Olaf Rutger. "Security in Packet-Switched Land Mobile Radio Backbone Networks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33591.
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Spurred by change in government regulations and to leverage lower-cost technology and services, many land mobile radio (LMR) operators have begun transitioning from circuit-switched to packet-switched backbone networks to handle their future communication needs. Due to the unique demands of packet-switched backbone networks for LMR, it may not be wise to carry over the previously implemented security methods used with circuit-switch systems or to treat an LMR backbone as a regular packet-switched network. This thesis investigates security in packet-switched LMR backbone networks to identify security issues in packet-switched LMR networks and provide possible solutions for them. Security solutions that are examined include different types of virtual private networks (VPNs), various encryption and keying procedures for safe communication, and logic behind how and where to implement security functions within the network. Specific schemes examined include IP Security (IPSec), OpenVPN, Virtual Tunnel (VTun), and Zebedee. I also present a quantitative analysis of the effects that the solutions have on packet-switched networks, in terms of link utilization, and on voice traffic, in terms of delay and delay jitter. In addition, I evaluate, in general terms, the additional cost or complexity that is introduced by the different security solutions.
Simulation with OPNET Modeler was used to evaluate how the various security schemes affect voice communication and network performance as a whole. Since OPNET Modeler does not provide models of security functions, the source code of the transceiver system models was modified to introduce additional overhead that is representative of the various security solutions. Through experimentation, simulation, and analysis of the security schemes considered, it was found that the most effective security scheme overall for a packet-switched LMR backbone network would either be IPSec or OpenVPN implemented at the base stations and end-hosts. Both security schemes provide strong encryption, flexibility, and are actively supported. However, if bandwidth is scarce and flexibility is less important, then a security solution with less overhead, such as VTun, should be considered. Thus, one has to balance performance with security to choose the most effective security solution for a particular application.Master of Science
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Bjärnram, Carl Johan. "Parallel trade in pharmaceutical products within the EEA: from first to final marketing : balancing the need to protect and promote public health and safety with the EC treaty objective of establishing a common market." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2135/.
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This thesis provides a thorough clarification of the rules governing parallel trade in pharmaceutical products within the EEA; from first to final marketing. More specifically, the thesis provides an analysis of the application of EC competition law (Articles 81 and 82 EC Treaty), the free movement of goods provisions (Articles 28-30 EC Treaty), Community measures, and Member State laws to parallel import-restrictive measures. The EC Treaty and Community measures must, in conjunction with Member State laws, facilitate the establishment of an internal market without compromising public health and safety. For example, the application of Articles 81 and 82 EC Treaty to parallel import-restrictive measures must take into consideration the need to promote public health and safety by acknowledging the pharmaceutical industry’s reliance on future investments in 'research and development' (R&D). Similarly, the application of Articles 28-30 EC Treaty to repackaging of pharmaceutical products must take into consideration the need to protect public health and safety. The importance of balancing the pro-integration objective with the public health and safety objective is particularly evident in relation to the application of the EC Treaty to Member State laws governing the pharmaceutical market-specific and potentially parallel import-restrictive requirement of marketing authorisations. Parallel trade is, nevertheless, a statistically safe practice, and considered essential to market integration by encouraging intra-brand competition and widening customer choice. Parallel trade is also believed to generate savings to national health authorities, and ultimately patients and taxpayers. The thesis therefore concludes with a set of recommendations aimed at strengthening the protection and promotion of public health and safety without having an unduly negative impact on the establishment of an internal market.
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Kotelba, A. (Adrian). "Theory of rational decision-making and its applications to adaptive transmission." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526202044.
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Abstract In this thesis, adaptive transmission power control algorithms for reliable communication in channels with state are explored and further developed. In channels with state, strict adherence to Shannon-sense capacity may lead to very conservative system designs. In many practical systems, error-free communication is not required because these systems can cope with decoding errors. These considerations give rise to other information-theoretic notions where the rate of reliable communications is considered a random variable which depends not only on the statistical properties of the channel but also on the adaptive transmission strategy. Numerous studies on adaptive transmission in channels with state have already been conducted using expected value of communication rate or information outage probability as the relevant performance metrics. However, these metrics, although intuitively pleasing, have usually been introduced without rigorous justification. This thesis contributes to the state of the art in a number of ways. These include the development of new conceptual viewpoints on performance assessment of adaptive communication systems in channels with state as well as a new set of adaptive transmission power control algorithms. In particular, the models and methods of rational decision theory are introduced and systematically used in developing a unified framework for analysis and optimization of adaptive transmission in channels with state. The proposed framework properly addresses the limitation of finite coding length, takes into account the decision maker's preferences, considers uncertainties relevant in a given decision, and determines the optimal decision by maximizing some numerical index. A central finding of the theoretical studies is that many of the previously proposed performance metrics can be rigorously justified within the newly proposed framework. In addition, adaptive transmission power control in parallel Gaussian channels is considered with the aim of obtaining new classes of algorithms. The safety-first approach, risk theory, and expected utility theory are applied to derive novel transmission power control algorithms. The performance of the proposed power control algorithms is evaluated by computer simulations and compared against the performance of some other well-known algorithmsTiivistelmä Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan ja kehitetään edelleen adaptiivisia lähettimen tehonsäätöalgoritmeja luotettavaan tietoliikenteeseen kanavissa, joilla on tila. Tällaisissa kanavissa Shannonin määrittelemän kapasiteetin tiukka noudattaminen saattaa johtaa konservatiivisiin järjestelmiin. Monissa käytännön järjestelmissä virheetöntä tiedonsiirtoa ei vaadita, koska niissä voidaan helposti selviytyä dekoodausvirheistä. Nämä pohdinnat johtavat toisenlaisiin informaatioteoreettisiin näkökulmiin, joissa luotettavan tietoliikenteen nopeutta pidetään satunnaismuuttujana, joka ei riipu ainoastaan kanavan tilastollisista ominaisuuksista vaan myös adaptiivisesta lähetysstrategiasta. Adaptiivisesta siirrosta kanavissa, joilla on tila, on jo tehty lukuisia tutkimuksia käyttäen tietoliikennenopeuden odotusarvoa tai informaation katkostodennäköisyyttä asiaankuuluvina suorituskykymittareina. Näitä mittareita on käytetty tavallisesti ilman tarkkaa perustelua, vaikka ne ovat intuitiivisesti houkuttelevia. Tämä väitöskirja tuottaa uusia tuloksia alan kehityksen nykytasoon monella tavalla. Näihin kuuluvat uudet käsitteelliset näkökulmat adaptiivisten tietoliikennejärjestelmien suorituskyvyn arviointiin kanavissa, joilla on tila, sekä uusi joukko adaptiivisia tehonsäätöalgoritmeja. Erityisesti rationaalisen päätöksenteon malleja ja menetelmiä on otettu käyttöön systemaattisesti kehitettäessä yhtenäistä puitetta adaptiivisen siirron analyysiin ja optimointiin kanavissa, joilla on tila. Ehdotettu puite arvioi asianmukaisesti äärellisen koodauspituuden rajoitusta, ottaa huomioon päätöksentekijän mieltymykset, tarkastelee määrättyyn päätökseen liittyviä oleellisia epävarmuuksia ja määrittää optimaalisen päätöksen maksimoimalla jonkin numeerisen päätösmuuttujan. Keskeinen löytö on se, että monet aikaisemmin ehdotetut suorituskykymittarit voidaan perustella tarkasti uuden, tässä ehdotetun puitteen sisällä. Lisäksi tarkastellaan adaptiivista lähettimen tehonsäätöä rinnakkaisissa Gaussin jakaumaa noudattavissa kanavissa. Tavoitteena on saada aikaan uusia lähettimen tehonsäätöalgoritmien luokkia. Turvallisuus ensin -lähestymistapaa, riskiteoriaa ja odotetun hyödyn teoriaa sovelletaan uusien lähettimen tehonsäätöalgoritmien johtamiseen. Ehdotettujen tehonsäätöalgoritmien suorituskykyä on mitattu tietokonesimuloinneilla ja verrattu joidenkin muiden hyvin tunnettujen algoritmien suorituskykyyn
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Yoshioka, Hiroshige. "Efficacy and safety analysis according to histology for S-1 in combination with carboplatin as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: updated results of the West Japan Oncology Group LETS study." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/185192.
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Kasi, Pashtoon Murtaza. "Safety and Efficacy of the Immunomodulatory Drug (IMiD) Lenalidomide in Patients with Lymphoma| Development of RU051417I - Phase I/II Open-Label Study of R-ICE (Rituximab-Ifosfamide-Carboplatin-Etoposide) with Lenalidomide [R2-ICE] in Patients with First-Relapse/Primary Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)." Thesis, College of Medicine - Mayo Clinic, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10746561.
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Lenalidomide (CC-5013; REVLIMID, Celgene Corp., NJ, USA) belongs to a new immunomodulatory class of drugs called IMiDs. It is an oral thalidomide analogue drug that belongs to the second generation of IMiDs. Its parent compound thalidomide’s initial descriptions of its teratogenicity are attributed to its anti-angiogenic properties. The drug has other mechanisms of action beyond just cytotoxicity and immune modulation. It includes effects on both the tumor and the tumor microenvironment.
Within hematological malignancies, lenalidomide is being used in a number of conditions. Lenalidomide is being used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome patients with 5q deletion resulting in improvement in their transfusion requirements. Lenalidomide in combination with steroids is used in patients with multiple myeloma.
Recently there has been increased interest to use lenalidomide to treat patients due to its immunomodulatory effect. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER), Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) represents 4.3% of all new patients with cancer in United States, with an estimated 71,850 cases in 2015. Within NHL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is most frequently seen constituting approximately 40% of these cases.
Therapies upfront (at the time of diagnosis) for DLBCL include chemotherapeutic options in combination with biologics/monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which are curative in intent. In the relapsed or refractory settings , the intent treatment for patients with DLBCL is to achieve cure; however, these have to be consolidated with a stem cell transplant (autologous in most instances). The number of treatment options is increasing, and newer regimens and classes of drugs are being developed and tested for patients with DLBCL. These go beyond mAbs and traditional chemotherapeutic agents, and include novel targeted therapies, immunotherapies and immunomodulatory agents. Immune modulation, as noted, has been a focus of increasing interest particularly for patients with DBLCL. With lenalidomide, responses were seen in up to half of the patients treated with lenalidomide, with about a quarter achieving complete responses. Even as single agent, these responses appeared to be relatively durable (PFS 6.2 months), given the highly aggressive nature of disease. The side effect profile was noted to be manageable without any untoward adverse events.
This led to the development of clinical trials for patients incorporating lenalidomide. These were both in frontline as well as the relapsed/refractory setting. Lenalidomide (Revlimid) was added to the frontline regimen R-CHOP [referred to as R2CHOP] and showed significant activity and manageable safety profile. The focus of my thesis is the development of the clinical trial of incorporating lenalidomide (Revlimid) in the relapsed/refractory setting to one of the most commonly employed chemoimmunotherapy regimens called the R-ICE (rituximab-ifosfamide-carboplatin-etoposide) regimen. The regimen developed therefore, is called R2ICE.
The patients that we studied, who have refractory disease or relapse with lymphoma, constitute at least a quarter of all patients with DLBCL. The majority of these are patients who relapse within the first 1.5 years of upfront curative treatment. For patients with first-relapse/primary-refractory DLBCL, the response rate achieved prior to proceeding with a stem cell transplant (SCT) is a key variable. Usually this is an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). ASCT can be potentially curative for these patients who tend to show chemosensitivity by achieving either a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) with their salvage chemotherapy prior to the transplant. Patients with CR tend to do better than patients who achieved PR after salvage chemotherapy. To achieve this, patients with relapsed/refractory disease are currently treated with a variety of treatment regimens prior to them going for a transplant. Currently the most commonly used regimen is the chemotherapy regimen of ICE (ifosfamide-carboplatin-etoposide). Historically, when rituximab was added to this regimen (R-ICE), the number of patients responding increased. This increase was clinically significant. However, this could further be increased, since at present, this is estimated to be around 40% for patients who receive 2 cycles of therapy prior to them getting a transplant.
The goals of my master’s program and thesis were, therefore, to (a) develop rationale for a clinical trial incorporating the novel drug lenalidomide into regimens treating patients with lymphoma (Chapter 1); (b) review literature on paradigm changes on how to treat patients with DLBCL in a molecular era (Chapter 2); (c) secure funding and develop a clinical trial protocol of the addition of lenalidomide to treat patients with DLBCL to the standard R-ICE regimen [R2ICE](Chapter 3); (d) to report the early results of the safety from the completed Phase-1 study and ongoing phase-2 study for our R2ICE regimen, and for its potential to become a new regimen for patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma (Chapter 4).
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Newman, Cathleen. "Britain's first safe house for young runaways." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302962.
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Hendriksen, Ellen Setsuko. "Start safe, stay safe condom use at sexual debut, condom use consistency, and longitudinal markers of sexual risk /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1619406851&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Heck, Brenda L. "Making the nation safe in the twenty-first century." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FHeck.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Simeral, Robert L. Second Reader: Rollins, John. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: National Security Organization, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), megacommunity, starfish, evolving threats Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-75). Also available in print.
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Balnave, Nikola Robyn. "Industrial Welfarism in Australia 1890-1965." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/572.
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This thesis examines industrial welfarism in Australia from 1890 to 1965. This period witnessed the gradual spread of the welfarism movement throughout Australian industry as employers sought ways to increase productivity and control in the face of external challenges. Once reaching its peak in the immediate post-War period, the welfarism movement was gradually subsumed as part of the increasing formalisation of personnel management. Waves of interest in welfare provision coincided with periods of labour shortage and/or labour militancy in Australia, indicating its dual role in the management of labour. Firstly, by offering benefits and services beyond that made necessary by the law or industrial awards, welfarism was designed to create a pool of good quality workers for management to draw from. Secondly, managers sought to enhance their control over these workers and their productive effort, using welfarism as a technique to build worker consent to managerial authority. This could be achieved through subtle methods aimed at boosting loyalty and morale, or through more direct programs designed to increase worker dependency on the company. In both ways, individual and collective worker resistance could be minimised, thereby reinforcing managerial prerogative. Despite its adoption by a variety of companies, a number of economic, political and institutional factors limited the extent of industrial welfarism in Australia. These include the small-scale of most enterprises prior to the Second World War, state involvement in the area of industrial relations and welfare provision, and the strength of organised labour. While the welfarism movement did not reach the heights experienced overseas, it nonetheless provided an important contribution to the development of formal labour management in Australia.
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Balnave, Nikola Robyn. "Industrial Welfarism in Australia 1890-1965." University of Sydney. Work and Organisational Studies, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/572.
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This thesis examines industrial welfarism in Australia from 1890 to 1965. This period witnessed the gradual spread of the welfarism movement throughout Australian industry as employers sought ways to increase productivity and control in the face of external challenges. Once reaching its peak in the immediate post-War period, the welfarism movement was gradually subsumed as part of the increasing formalisation of personnel management. Waves of interest in welfare provision coincided with periods of labour shortage and/or labour militancy in Australia, indicating its dual role in the management of labour. Firstly, by offering benefits and services beyond that made necessary by the law or industrial awards, welfarism was designed to create a pool of good quality workers for management to draw from. Secondly, managers sought to enhance their control over these workers and their productive effort, using welfarism as a technique to build worker consent to managerial authority. This could be achieved through subtle methods aimed at boosting loyalty and morale, or through more direct programs designed to increase worker dependency on the company. In both ways, individual and collective worker resistance could be minimised, thereby reinforcing managerial prerogative. Despite its adoption by a variety of companies, a number of economic, political and institutional factors limited the extent of industrial welfarism in Australia. These include the small-scale of most enterprises prior to the Second World War, state involvement in the area of industrial relations and welfare provision, and the strength of organised labour. While the welfarism movement did not reach the heights experienced overseas, it nonetheless provided an important contribution to the development of formal labour management in Australia.
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Tellez, Joseph D. "Making in utero gene therapy safer and more efficient a first step towards clinical realization /." abstract only (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3387825.
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Sanderson, Alicia. "Insite as Representation and Regulation: A Discursively-Informed Analysis of the Implementation and Implications of Canada's First Safe Injection Site." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20113.
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This study consisted of a qualitative analysis of articles from two Canadian newspapers related to North America’s only safe injection facility for drug users, Vancouver’s Insite, and examined the texts for latent themes derived from a review of harm reduction and governmentality literature. The investigation asked “In what ways are Insite and its clients represented in the media and what implications do those portrayals have in terms of Insite’s operation as a harm reduction practice as well as a governmental strategy designed to direct the conduct of drug users who visit the site?” The analysis revealed conflicting representations, some which have positive potential in terms of Insite’s adherence to the fundamental principles of harm reduction and others that undermined those principles and suggested that the site may have traditional governmental functions, perhaps indicating less distance between the harm reduction and governmentality philosophies in the discourse surrounding the SIS than expected.
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Forman, Daniel. "Základní škola." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226178.
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Thesis Theme is a primary school, namely the outbuilding primary school Havlíčkův Brod, Konečná 1884. I suggest first grade pavilion and pavilion with school canteen with kitchens. Pavilions are based on the footings. Pavilions are designed as a two-way system from the wall HELUZ. Construction of ceiling are from ferroconcrete slabs are cross reinforced, single-layer roof is flat with a classic sequence of layers. In addition to construction and process layout I solved also the statics of building in specialize of concrete structures. The following are also evaluated heat and acoustic requirements and requirements for fire safety of buildings. New pavilions are solved as wheelchair accessible. Pavilion of the first grade has two floors with 5 classes of stem, 1 vocational and 2 classes are earmarked for after-school clubs. This pavilion is connected to the connecting neck between the former pavilon A and pavilion B. Dining pavilion has one floor, which is divided in the school canteen and kitchen is connected to the connecting neck leading to the gym. The land is mildly sloping to the south side. All consstructions comply with the applicable standards and recommendations ČSN.
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Giansiracusa, Michelangelo Antonio. "A secure infrastructural strategy for safe autonomous mobile agents." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16052/1/Michaelangelo_Giansiracusa_Thesis.pdf.
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Portable languages and distributed paradigms have driven a wave of new applications and processing models. One of the most promising, certainly from its early marketing, but disappointing (from its limited uptake)is the mobile agent execution and data processing model. Mobile agents are autonomous programs which can move around a heterogeneous network such as the Internet, crossing through a number of different security domains, and perform some work at each visited destination as partial completion of a mission for their agent user.
Despite their promise as a technology and paradigm to drive global electronic services (i.e.any Internet-driven-and-delivered service, not solely e-commerce related activities), their up take on the Internet has been very limited. Chief among the reasons for the paradigm's practical under-achievement is there is no ubiquitous frame work for using Internet mobile agents, and non-trivial security concerns abound for the two major stake holders (mobile agent users and mobile agent platform owners).
While both stake holders have security concerns with the dangers of the mobile agent processing model, most investigators in the field are of the opinion that protecting mobile agents from malicious agent platforms is more problematic than protecting agent platforms from malicious mobile agents. Traditional cryptographic mechanisms are not well-suited to counter the bulk of the threats associated with the mobile agent paradigm due to the untrusted hosting of an agent and its intended autonomous, flexible movement and processing.
In our investigation, we identified that the large majority of the research undertaken on mobile agent security to date has taken a micro-level perspective. By this we mean research focused solely on either of the two major stakeholders, and even then often only on improving measures to address one security issue dear to the stake holder - for example mobile agent privacy (for agent users) or access control to platform resources (for mobile agent platform owners).
We decided to take a more encompassing, higher-level approach in tackling mobile agent security issues. In this endeavour, we developed the beginnings of an infrastructural-approach to not only reduce the security concerns of both major stakeholders, but bring them transparently to a working relationship. Strategic utilisation of both existing distributed system trusted-third parties (TTPs) and novel mobile agent paradigm-specific TTPs are fundamental in the infrastructural framework we have devised.
Besides designing an application and language independent frame work for supporting a large-scale Internet mobile agent network, our Mobile Agent Secure Hub Infrastructure (MASHIn) proposal encompasses support for flexible access control to agent platform resources. A reliable means to track the location and processing times of autonomous Internet mobile agents is discussed, withfault-tolerant handling support to work around unexpected processing delays. Secure,highly-effective (incomparison to existing mechanisms) strategies for providing mobile agent privacy, execution integrity, and stake holder confidence scores were devised - all which fit comfortably within the MASHIn framework. We have deliberately considered the interests - withoutbias -of both stake holders when designing our solutions.
In relation to mobile agent execution integrity, we devised a new criteria for assessing the robustness of existing execution integrity schemes. Whilst none of the existing schemes analysed met a large number of our desired properties for a robust scheme, we identified that the objectives of Hohl's reference states scheme were most admirable - particularly real - time in - mission execution integrity checking. Subsequently, we revised Hohl's reference states protocols to fit in the MASHIn framework, and were able to overcome not only the two major limitations identified in his scheme, but also meet all of our desired properties for a robust execution integrity scheme (given an acceptable decrease in processing effiency).
The MASHIn offers a promising new perspective for future mobile agent security research and indeed a new frame work for enabling safe and autonomous Internet mobile agents. Just as an economy cannot thrive without diligent care given to micro and macro-level issues, we do not see the security prospects of mobile agents (and ultimately the prospects of the mobile agent paradigm) advancing without diligent research on both levels.
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Giansiracusa, Michelangelo Antonio. "A Secure Infrastructural Strategy for Safe Autonomous Mobile Agents." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16052/.
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Portable languages and distributed paradigms have driven a wave of new applications and processing models. One of the most promising, certainly from its early marketing, but disappointing (from its limited uptake)is the mobile agent execution and data processing model. Mobile agents are autonomous programs which can move around a heterogeneous network such as the Internet, crossing through a number of different security domains, and perform some work at each visited destination as partial completion of a mission for their agent user. Despite their promise as a technology and paradigm to drive global electronic services (i.e.any Internet-driven-and-delivered service, not solely e-commerce related activities), their up take on the Internet has been very limited. Chief among the reasons for the paradigm's practical under-achievement is there is no ubiquitous frame work for using Internet mobile agents, and non-trivial security concerns abound for the two major stake holders (mobile agent users and mobile agent platform owners). While both stake holders have security concerns with the dangers of the mobile agent processing model, most investigators in the field are of the opinion that protecting mobile agents from malicious agent platforms is more problematic than protecting agent platforms from malicious mobile agents. Traditional cryptographic mechanisms are not well-suited to counter the bulk of the threats associated with the mobile agent paradigm due to the untrusted hosting of an agent and its intended autonomous, flexible movement and processing. In our investigation, we identified that the large majority of the research undertaken on mobile agent security to date has taken a micro-level perspective. By this we mean research focused solely on either of the two major stakeholders, and even then often only on improving measures to address one security issue dear to the stake holder - for example mobile agent privacy (for agent users) or access control to platform resources (for mobile agent platform owners). We decided to take a more encompassing, higher-level approach in tackling mobile agent security issues. In this endeavour, we developed the beginnings of an infrastructural-approach to not only reduce the security concerns of both major stakeholders, but bring them transparently to a working relationship. Strategic utilisation of both existing distributed system trusted-third parties (TTPs) and novel mobile agent paradigm-specific TTPs are fundamental in the infrastructural framework we have devised. Besides designing an application and language independent frame work for supporting a large-scale Internet mobile agent network, our Mobile Agent Secure Hub Infrastructure (MASHIn) proposal encompasses support for flexible access control to agent platform resources. A reliable means to track the location and processing times of autonomous Internet mobile agents is discussed, withfault-tolerant handling support to work around unexpected processing delays. Secure,highly-effective (incomparison to existing mechanisms) strategies for providing mobile agent privacy, execution integrity, and stake holder confidence scores were devised - all which fit comfortably within the MASHIn framework. We have deliberately considered the interests - withoutbias -of both stake holders when designing our solutions. In relation to mobile agent execution integrity, we devised a new criteria for assessing the robustness of existing execution integrity schemes. Whilst none of the existing schemes analysed met a large number of our desired properties for a robust scheme, we identified that the objectives of Hohl's reference states scheme were most admirable - particularly real - time in - mission execution integrity checking. Subsequently, we revised Hohl's reference states protocols to fit in the MASHIn framework, and were able to overcome not only the two major limitations identified in his scheme, but also meet all of our desired properties for a robust execution integrity scheme (given an acceptable decrease in processing effiency). The MASHIn offers a promising new perspective for future mobile agent security research and indeed a new frame work for enabling safe and autonomous Internet mobile agents. Just as an economy cannot thrive without diligent care given to micro and macro-level issues, we do not see the security prospects of mobile agents (and ultimately the prospects of the mobile agent paradigm) advancing without diligent research on both levels.
36
Lin, Ping-Chang, and 林秉璋. "Safety-First Portfolio Optimization：Using Ant Colony System." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92947934527829511510.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
工業與系統工程研究所
97
In recent years, there have been more and more critical financial market crises, which have caused the subject of risk management to be taken a great deal more seriously. In general, Value-at-Risk is a tool to measure risk management, but the downside is that the risk may be underestimated under normal distribution. Therefore, we use Extreme Value Theory to estimate the Value-at-Risk. Unfortunately, this does not conform to the characteristic of risk measure when we apply the Valueat- Risk to a portfolio problem. The current method can only be resolved by an exhaustive search, but this does not meet practical requirements. However, the Ant Colony System has been widely used in various combined issues, and is based upon the natural ants’ phenomenon of Heuristic Algorithms. In this study, we use Ant Colony System to replace the traditional method of exhaustive search. We chose 20 stocks from the MSCI Taiwan Index as investment targets, and examined their performance with the market index. The results verify that the portfolio selected by means of the Safety-First mode is better than the market.
37
Dychtenberg, Anne. "Safety first : production and evaluation of an audiovisual program on industrial safety." Thesis, 1988. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/5836/1/ML49077.pdf.
Full text
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Huang, Shu-Hui, and 黃琡惠. "Safety-First Portfolio Selection Problem with Futures Index." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40791322890952213243.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
工業工程研究所
92
Portfolio selection and risk management had been a most important research fields in modern finance recently. Now, the emergence of new financial derivatives such as options and futures, provides more investment opportunities for the investor. Also due to these new instruments, investor has more abilities and opportunities to control risk and obtain the sure profits. In thesis, we consider a safety-first portfolio selection problem in which a future is considered simultaneously. We take a long position on stock portfolio and take the short position on the index future. We set up such problem as a mathematical program model to obtain such portfolio with maximal return under the safety-first criterion considering the allowable downside risk. Moreover, we also measured the performances of the portfolios based on the historical data.
39
CHOU, YU-TING, and 周玉婷. "Safety-First Portfolio Optimizationunder Approximated Extreme Tail Distribution." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70635954148902170775.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
工業工程研究所
96
In mean-variance model, the performances of assets or portfolios are evaluated based on the mean and the variance of the corresponding return rates and the portfolio selection problem can be formulated into a simple mathematical program which can be solved very efficiently. However, the performances evaluated by investors are in more various aspects. Investors would better look for more information, especially the downside risk (tail-probability from the worse case), of the returns. In this study, we model a safety-first portfolio selection problem considering the downside risks. For better estimations of the downside risks, we usually try to use the extreme value theory to estimate them, however, it is not efficient to obtain an optimal portfolio if we adopt extreme value procedure. In this study, we use extreme copula to estimate the dependency on the distributions of the returns and estimate the extreme value distribution of the return rates, based on which we simulate the returns and sample the joint worse cases (rare tail events) to obtain the approximated conditional tail distributions used for our model. By further presenting the corresponding evaluations in the fashion of linear equations, the corresponding safety-first portfolio optimization problem can be formulated as linear programs, which can be solved by simplex method. Test results of ours performances as well as the market’s are compared.
40
Li, Wen-Di, and 李玟蒂. "Safety-First Portfolio Optimization：Using Particle Swarm Optimization Method." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54519456833967719194.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
工業與系統工程研究所
98
In recent years, hash competition and introducing of new financial derivatives have let the financial institutions to bare higher risk. Due to those reasons, risk management has become a serious issue for all financial institutions. Value-at-Risk (VaR) has become the standard measure that financial analysts use to quantify market risk. However, the VaR estimators based on the normal distribution thus lead to the underestimation of the true value of the risk. To solve this problem this paper applied the Extreme Value Theory (EVT) to calculate the Value-at-Risk (VaR), it does not rely on the normality assumption. A traditional method to optimize the portfolio is by exhaustive search method (ESM) which would evaluate all alternatives to find the optimal, but it will be timeconsuming and unrealistic in practical applications. In recent years, Genetic Algorithms, Ant Colony System Algorithm, Simulate Annealing Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization have been applied on portfolio optimization problem. In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was incorporate with Safety-First model for portfolio optimization is presented. In which, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is inspired by social behavior of bird flocking or fish schooling; Safety-First model restricted the probability of worse case to be less than a predetermined value. In the research, top 20 stocks from the MSCI Taiwan Index are chosen as the investment targets. The experimental results show that with the proposed method, better than market average’s portfolio can be achieved.
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Tze-Li, Lin. "Safety-First Portfolio Selection Problem under Extreme Value Theory." 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0017-1901200710284286.
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Lin, Tze-Li, and 林姿利. "Safety-First Portfolio Selection Problem under Extreme Value Theory." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25974448526634252798.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
工業工程研究所
94
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the safety-first portfolio optimization problem to maximize expected return subject to the constraint that maximum loss should meet the Value-at-Risk limits. In order to avoid the underestimates of downside risk under normal distribution, we apply the tool of univariate extreme value theory (EVT) in the asset allocation problem. Therefore, it will be expected to get a better estimation of VaR under generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) with some significant level. In addition, there often exists some tail dependence between assets. Thus, we specially consider the Copulas dependence structure when simulating the future returns of each asset with Brownian motion. Finally, although the proportion of allocated assets is determined, the market index cannot be purchased directly. Therefore, we need to find portfolios, called index portfolios, to mimic the role of index by a linear programming problem. For diversifying risks, we choose the combination of electrical industry index, financial industry index, and bonds as our investment positions and compare its performance with that of the combination of market index and bonds. We denote the two combinations as Strategy 1 and Strategy 2. The results verify that the performance of Strategy 1 is better than that of Strategy 2 since diversifying the investment positions can disperse the risks and raise the profits. And both strategies under the safety-first portfolio optimization models are steadier and more profitable than market.
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Prochnow, Allison Nicole. "Safety first? : looking at a non-traditional safety training program for Spanish-speaking construction workers." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/19646.
Full textAbstract:
Construction is a very deadly industry with Texas having the highest rate of deaths of construction workers of any state. Hispanic workers are at an even higher risk than white, non-Hispanic workers for being injured or killed while working on a construction site. However, traditional materials available through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to train workers in job safety cannot effectively reach the Hispanic construction worker population because of language and educational barriers. This study examines a non-traditional safety training program tailored specifically for Spanish monolingual construction workers in order to reach these otherwise hard-to-reach workers, created by Workers Defense Project (WDP) in Austin, Texas, through a Department of Labor grant. Through participatory learning techniques, WDP has had a high rate of success in educating low-literacy, Spanish monolingual construction workers on workplace safety and rights. Through further evaluation of this program, the unique methods utilized in this training can be developed and applied in other areas and industries to reduce the number of injuries and fatalities in construction and other hazardous industries.text
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McBurney, Amber Leigh. "School social workers’ perceptions of cultural safety for First Nations students." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30386.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is two-fold. First, to bring forth an understanding of the historical relationship between First Nations people and the formal Canadian education system. Second, to investigate how non-First Nations school social workers perceive their role in supporting First Nations youth within the education system.
The first goal is accomplished through a literature review, outlining histories that have shaped how many First Nations youth experience education. Additionally, themes of cultural safety, the role of school social work, and whiteness, are explored. Thus, providing the framework for analysis.
The second goal is accomplished through interviews with non-First Nations school social workers, working in Winnipeg school divisions. The interviews were qualitative, following a narrative style of inquiry.
Three recommendations are made based on this research in the areas of education on colonial histories, self-reflexivity in social work, and understanding when First Nations students feel culturally safe.
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Lien, Li-Hsiang, and 連利翔. "The Study of Safety-First Portfolio Optimization Under Heavy Tail Distribution." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81963380821444230972.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
工業工程研究所
97
More and more financial derivatives are born as bamboo shoots after a spring rain. The investors indeed need a systematic method to analyze the risk of portfolio. Most of investors are usually more concern about the loss to a threshold return. More evidence shows that the rate of return is not normally distributed, but fat-tailed. Due to There are rare data in the tail from historical returns which is easily to underestimate the downside risks. So we use extreme value theory (EVT) to calculate the downside risks. But it is inefficient to use EVT to calculate the portfolio problem. In this thesis, we simulate the future rate of return by combination the EVT and pair-copula dependence structure, and then we screened the scenarios which all the stocks’ return below zero and put them into our safety-first model. In addition, we proposed our rebalancing model based on safety-first model. The results verified that the performances of these models are more stable than the Taiwan-Weighted Stock Index.
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Chiang, Yu-Lin, and 江昱霖. "The Study of Safety-First Portfolio Optimization Problem under Approximated Tail Distribution." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02403183210115084885.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
工業工程研究所
95
Recently, investors respect the risk management gradually when they seek the maximum return. In risk management, Value-at-Risk is a very important tool for financial enterprises. Unfortunely, Value-at-Risk can not find the optimal portfolio because Value-at-Risk doesn’t comform the characteristic of coherent risk measure. People measure the downside risk by Value-at-Risk. In order to avoid the underestimates of downside risk under normal distribution, we estimate the risk by using the tail distribution. But the history data is not enough and we want establish the approximated tail distribution. The purpose of this thesis is to establish portfolio whose performance is more stable than market by applying the Safety-First portfolio and the Mean-Variance model in the approximated tail distribution. In addition, there often exists some tail dependence between assets. Thus, we specially consider the Pair-Copula dependence structure when simulating the future return. Finally, we establish the portfolio by using the data of approximated tail distribution. In this thesis, we choose the combination of MSCI Taiwan Index and compare its performance with the Taiwan-Weighted Stock Index. We establish the combination by the Telser’s and Kataoka’s criteria of the safety-first portfolio and the mean-variance model. The results verify that the performances of these models are more stable than the performance of Taiwan-Weighted Stock Index.
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Lin, Yu-Mei, and 林玉媚. "The Study of Safety-First Portfolio Optimization Problem on Simulated Data Set." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70545043684121596587.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
工業與系統工程研究所
98
As the subprime mortgage and Lehman Brothers crises swept through the world in 2008, a number of banks erupted into financial crisis in Europe and the United States. It caused the price of the stock to fall globally. The investors cared about the risk more than the maximum return. Therefore, the investors more concerned about the management of risk than pursue the maximum rate of return. Value-at-Risk is the most common tool to calculate the risk. Traditionally, normal distribution is used to fit the whole data, but the study says it would be easy to underestimate the downside risk. In order to estimate the downside risk of the return rate precisely, we use the extreme value theory (EVT) to estimate the downside risk, it needs a sufficient number of extreme values to provide a credible estimation. Due to the lack of historical data, we used pair-copula which considers the dependency structure between stocks to simulate the future return distribution of stocks, and then use the portfolio result obtained from the safety-first model to select the data and use the selected data to obtain the portfolio for the current week. In this study, we choose the first 20 stocks at the MSCI Taiwan Index to be investment targets. Also, compared with the traditional safety-first model that use all the negative return to find the optimal portfolio. The results verified that the performances of our model are more stable than the traditional safety-first model and market.
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"Focus on first peoples first thousand days : Cultural safety from the perspectives of select Aboriginal women in Regina, Saskatchewan." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2016-03-2454.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
Background. A wealth of data highlights the health disparities and barriers to health care experienced by Aboriginal women and children when compared to non-Aboriginal women and children. The first thousand days time period, from conception to the age of two, is an opportunity for health professionals to positively impact the health of Aboriginal children with effects lasting into adulthood. Cultural safety has been reported to improve access to health care for Aboriginal Canadians, but little is known about the significance of cultural safety from the perspective of Aboriginal women during the first thousand days.
Methodology. An interpretive descriptive design and a postcolonial perspective guided this study. In-depth interviews were conducted with six Aboriginal women at a community health centre located in the inner-city of Regina, Saskatchewan, between June and July of 2015. Data was analyzed using principles of interpretive description to determine themes.
Findings. Culturally safe and unsafe care was experienced during the first thousand days. Three themes common to participants included: the importance of being able to trust that they are safe when accessing health care, the overwhelming impact of poverty on their ability to achieve or maintain good health, and finally, the experience of worry related to the first thousand days including the worry about being worthy of respectful, culturally safe treatment by all employed in health environments.
Discussion. The perception of culturally safe care was significant in affecting access to health care for this group of participants. Findings of this study suggest that more attention needs to be paid to the development of trust in health care encounters, and future research could explore the concept of trust for Aboriginal peoples. Emphasis on awareness of the social determinants of health, including colonialism and racism, should be included in educational programming for health professionals locally.
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Hsiao, Meitsu, and 蕭美足. "A Study on the Museum Safety Evacuation of Visitors Guided by First Responder." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65066711073965456956.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長榮大學
職業安全與衛生學系碩士班
99
Abstract This study focus on the cognition of public safety evacuation for the visitor service personnel in museums. It is necessary to give the visitors the ability of safety evacuation in a public environment besides basic services. By analyzing the ability and flaw of these personnel, this study also gave some suggestions on their trainings and operations. Questionnaire survey was used to analyzed the data. This study concentrated on the visitors’ service personnel of two famous museums in southern Taiwan. The research had found out that those personnel who never participated in education and training were mostly volunteers. There were also not enough people for evacuation guidance and visitor service personnel. Alarm systems had sometimes false alarm and the visitor service personnel did not have the ability to use equipments to deal with accident. The visitor service personnel that had more than seven times of education and training to have a reverse effect. This showed the training courses should be modified for these people. If personnel were not enough, the museum is recommended to strengthen the escape facilities. Emergency response team should be put into the manual of new staff. This manual should be renewed all the time, so that personnel can understand their duty and increase the ability to handle urgent accidents.
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Gaspar, Victor J. "Hedging with options on commodity futures contracts: a safety-first versus expected utility approach." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5273.
Full textAbstract:
This study evaluates how a decision-maker (such as a farmer) facing
output price risk might use futures contracts and or option contracts on those
futures to hedge against any potential financial risk attributed to volatile output
prices. Two behavioral models are assumed in this study. One where the
decision-maker behaves as an expected utility maximizer and one where the
decisions made are based upon safety-first rules. The expected utility model in
this study is based on the general utility function defined in an article by Lapan,
Moschini, and Hanson (1991). The safety-first model is essentially that of Telser
(1955), but enhanced to include option contracts as an additional hedging tool.
Both decision-making processes have a single-period time horizon. At the
beginning of the period an agent enters the futures and option markets and
places a hedge. At the end of the period, the agent offsets his/her futures
position and sells the commodity in the spot market. The single-period model is
formulated such that a hedger can speculate on the futures price bias, but not
the volatility of the option price.
Results from the two competing models were derived from parameters
calculated using a forecast error method on canola data spanning a ten year
period (1981-90) obtained from the Winnipeg Commodity Exchange. Optimal
hedging results for the two models were derived under varying levels of basis
risk, futures and spot price volatilities, and risk aversion.
In general, results from the expected utility model suggest that under
increased volatility, uncertainty, or aversion to risk leads to a reduced open
speculative position when a positive futures price bias exists. Most interestingly,
unlike the comparative static results derived by Lapan, Moschini, and Hanson
suggesting that if a speculative motive exists then options are used, the results
from this study’s simulations suggest that the use of options are negligible. Results from assuming a
safety-first decision-maker indicate that options
are always used when speculating on the direction of futures price bias. When
positive futures price biases increase in size, so do the futures and options
positions. The opposite occurs when the bias is decreased or downward. Two
major conclusions can be drawn from the safety-first results. Firstly, optimal
hedging positions seem quite sensitive to “small” variations in the parameters
levels. Secondly, due to the multitude of revenue distributions available from
combining futures and option (which were unobtainable from using only futures)
there is a
possibility of very extreme outcomes even though the expected or
average outcome meets the decision-maker’s “
safety” requirements.