Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Safety demonstration'

The cabin safety demonstration on board an aircraft is one of the methods to provide safety information for passengers before aircraft takeoff. However, passengers' enthusiasm toward safety demonstrations is normally low. Therefore, the study of passengers' perception toward safety briefings on board an aircraft is important in increasing the safety awareness for the travelling public on commercial aircraft. A survey was distributed to measure the perceptions of Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU) faculty and staff, Aerospace students, and international students who have traveled in the last year. It was generally found that watching the cabin safety demonstration before aircraft takeoff was believed to be important for passengers. However, the attention to the safety demonstration remained low because the safety briefings were not good enough in terms of clear communication, particularly in the recorded audio demonstration and the live safety demonstration methods of briefing.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
The Ballistic Missile Range Safety Technology (BMRST) program developed and demonstrated a low-cost, rapidly reconfigurable, launch range tracking and safety system. The system is comprised of both an on-board tracking unit and a ground based telemetry acquisition and control system. The on-board unit is based on an integrated GPS/INS unit with an embedded S-band telemetry transmitter. The ground system is comprised of fully redundant telemetry acquisition systems, telemetry processing computers, tracking computers, and secure/IRIG UHF command destruct transmission systems. This paper provides an overview of the system architecture and describes telemetry system design trades in particular. The paper describes how aircraft and satellite testing supports verification of system tracking capability. The paper closes by presenting data from the Quick Reaction Launch Vehicle (QRLV) flight test in Kodiak, Alaska.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
The Vessel Traffic Management System is a cooperative effort of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center and the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, funded by the OSD's Test Technology Development and Demonstration Program. The project is establishing the capability to acquire ship tracking information from numerous sources (GPS and radar target extractors), and combine them into a comprehensive, integrated view of the range safety target area. The consolidated tracking information will be transmitted to range safety vessel personnel and presented on portable display systems to aid in clearing the surveillance area of unauthorized vessels. The communications module is media independent in that positional and image data can be routed via RF modem, cellular phone, Intranet or Internet, singly or in any combination. The software systems for data acquisition, display and control are also platform independent, with the system under development operating under WindowsNT and Windows95. Additionally, the use of Java and VRML tools permits a user to display data (including three dimensional presentations of the data) without requiring the applications software. This system has numerous applications including range safety, commercial vessel traffic management, port authority and services monitoring, and oceanographic data gathering.

ITC/USA 2007 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Third Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2007 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
The primary objective of the NASA Space-Based Range Demonstration and Certification program was to develop and demonstrate space-based range capabilities. The Flight Demonstration 2 flights at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center were conducted to support Range Safety (commanding and position reporting) and high-rate (5 Mbps) Range User (video and data) requirements. Required ground support infrastructure included a flight termination system computer, the ground-data distribution network to send range safety commands and receive range safety and range user telemetry data and video, and the ground processing systems at the Dryden Mission Control Center to process range safety and range user telemetry data and video.

L’une des problématiques les plus importantes en robotique, ou dans un sens large pour tous les systèmes cyber-physiques, est celle de la sûreté. Pour assurer celle-ci il faut garantir que certains événements ou états ne peuvent jamais arriver en considérant toutes les circonstances possible. On cherche donc à synthétiser automatiquement des lois de commande pour des systèmes cyber-physiques qui garantissent certaines propriétés définies auparavant. Pour y arriver j’explore dans ma thèse des approches mixtes tissant un lien entre les méthodes formelles, notamment la théorie des automates temporisés et la commande supervisée, d’une part et la robotique et ses méthodes numériques basées sur l’optimisation d’autre part. Concrètement mes travaux sont axés autour de trois sujets majeurs complémentaires: 1) Utilisation du formalisme des automates temporisées avec une abstraction du système cyber-physique pour synthétiser des lois de commande formellement prouvées 2) Stabilité des systèmes dynamiques 3) Apprentissage par démonstration avec des garanties de stabilité
One of the key issues for robotic applications, or in a larger sense for all cyber-physical systems, is safety. Safety can have different implications depending on the field of work and the system concerned. However a very broad definition of safety can be given as ensuring that certain states or events never occur or that the consequences resulting from such unsafe events are bounded to an acceptable level, no matter the circumstances. In this thesis an active type of safety is pursued, strengthening the constraints on the control strategy. The goal is to provide means to automatically generate control strategies that provide formal, model-based guarantees that no undesired states or events occur, considering all possible circumstances. To this end, I seek to combione formal model checking techniques, specifically the theory of timed automata and supervised control, and robotic control strategies based on numerical optimization. This work is centred around three different but interconnected research topics: 1) Control law synthesis via timed automata abstraction 2) Stabilizability of dynamical systems 3) Learning stable vector fields from demonstration

Several aspects make today’s transport system non-sustainable: • Production, transport and combustion of fossil fuels lead to global and local environmental problems. • Oil dependency in the transport sector may lead to economical and political instability. • Air pollution, noise, congestion and land-use may jeopardise public health and quality of life, especially in urban areas. In a sustainable urban transport system most trips are made with public transport because high convenience and comfort makes travelling with public transport attractive. In terms of emissions, including noise, the vehicles are environmentally sustainable, locally as well as globally. Vehicles are energy-efficient and the primary energy stems from renewable sources. Costs are reasonable for all involved, from passengers, bus operators and transport authorities to vehicle manufacturers. The system is thus commercially viable on its own merits. This thesis presents the results from three projects involving different concept buses, all with different powertrains. The first two projects included technical evaluations, including tests, of two different fuel cell buses. The third project focussed on development of a series hybrid-bus with internal combustion engine intended for production around 2010. The research on the fuel cell buses included evaluations of the energy efficiency improvement potential using energy mapping and vehicle simulations. Attitudes to hydrogen fuel cell buses among passengers, bus drivers and bus operators were investigated. Safety aspects of hydrogen as a vehicle fuel were analysed and the use of hydrogen compared to electrical energy storage were also investigated. One main conclusion is that a city bus should be considered as one energy system, because auxiliaries contribute largely to the energy use. Focussing only on the powertrain is not sufficient. The importance of mitigating losses far down an energy conversion chain is emphasised. The Scania hybrid fuel cell bus showed the long-term potential of fuel cells, advanced auxiliaries and hybrid-electric powertrains, but technologies applied in that bus are not yet viable in terms of cost or robustness over the service life of a bus. Results from the EU-project CUTE show that hydrogen fuelled fuel cell buses are viable for real-life operation. Successful operation and public acceptance show that focus on robustness and cost in vehicle design were key success factors, despite the resulting poor fuel economy. Hybrid-electric powertrains are feasible in stop-and-go city operation. Fuel consumption can be reduced, comfort improved, noise lowered and the main power source downsized and operated less dynamically. The potential for design improvements due to flexible component packaging is implemented in the Scania hybrid concept bus. This bus and the framework for its hybrid management system are discussed in this thesis. The development of buses for a more sustainable urban transport should be made in small steps to secure technical and economical realism, which both are needed to guarantee commercialisation and volume of production. This is needed for alternative products to have a significant influence. Hybrid buses with internal combustion engines running on renewable fuel is tomorrow’s technology, which paves the way for plug-in hybrid, battery electric and fuel cell hybrid vehicles the day after tomorrow.
QC 20100722

Gli alimenti fermentati sono stati consumati per più di 10 000 anni. La fermentazione degli alimenti è probabilmente una delle più antiche tecnologie alimentari implementate dall'uomo, sebbene le conoscenze scientifiche alla base del suo ruolo e dei meccanismi di azione siano state studiate solo negli ultimi 150 anni. Attualmente, si stima che i prodotti alimentari fermentati rappresentino un terzo della nostra assunzione di cibo. La microbiologia alimentare ha fornito molte risposte dietro i ruoli, le modalità di azione, la nutrizione e gli effetti sulla salute degli alimenti fermentati. Tuttavia, uno dei principali temi di preoccupazione rimane la dimostrazione di sicurezza delle colture alimentari microbiche. Più di recente, alla fine del 2017, la Cina ha bloccato l'importazione di formaggi dall'Europa, a causa della presenza di colture alimentari microbiche non presenti nell'elenco cinese positivo 2010. Anche l'Europa (Biohazard Panel – Qualified Presumption of Safety) e gli Stati Uniti (GRAS – Generalmente riconosciuto come sicuro) dispongono rispettivamente di una procedura per la valutazione del rischio microbico delle specie microbiche aggiunte volontariamente alla catena alimentare. L'International Dairy Federation (IDF), in collaborazione con l'associazione europea Food and Feed Cultures, ha lavorato negli ultimi 20 anni su un inventario delle specie microbiche con proprietà tecnologiche negli alimenti fermentati. Durante il ciclo di 3 anni, abbiamo proseguito il lavoro dell'IDF, aggiornando due volte l'inventario, nel 2018 con l'introduzione di specie alimentari microbiche da prodotti alimentari indigeni asiatici, e nel 2021 considerando le varie matrici alimentari e l'utilizzo alimentare riconducibili a un singole specie microbiche. Pertanto, abbiamo concentrato il lavoro sul ruolo delle colture alimentari e sulla bioconservazione degli alimenti, come inizialmente suggerito dalla logica iniziale della dimostrazione delle colture alimentari dell'IDF. A dimostrazione del concetto dell'approccio della dimostrazione di sicurezza di una coltura alimentare, il lavoro analitico è stato svolto su una raccolta di alimenti e isolati clinici della specie microbica Weissella confusa, che possono essere sia isolati in prodotti da forno (Europa), piante a base di prodotti derivati ​​(Asia) e con studi preliminari per il suo utilizzo nei prodotti lattiero-caseari. Il presente studio proporrà una dimostrazione di sicurezza delle specie microbiche per il loro uso attraverso l'inoculazione in una matrice alimentare per l'uso nella catena alimentare. Ha lo scopo di evitare scambi commerciali tra paesi in cui non è possibile stabilire una storia di utilizzo sicuro per un prodotto alimentare fermentato autoctono sul mercato internazionale, oltre a evitare le insidie ​​dell'incrocio di fermentazione, modificando al contempo la matrice alimentare in cui viene effettuata la fermentazione alimentare , e possibilmente omettendo le attività dannose dei metaboliti.
Fermented foods have been consumed for more than 10 000 years. Food fermentation is probably one of the oldest food technologies implemented by man, although the scientific knowledge behind its role and mechanisms of actions have only been studied in the past 150 years. Presently, fermented food products are estimated to represent a third of our food intake. Food Microbiology has provided many answers behind the roles, modes of action, nutrition and health effects of fermented foods. One of the major topics of concern nevertheless remains the safety demonstration of the microbial food cultures. Most recently, in late 2017, China blocked the importation of cheeses from Europe, due to the presence of microbial food cultures not present in the Chinese 2010 positive list. Europe (Biohazard Panel – Qualified Presumption of Safety) and United States (GRAS – Generally Recognized as Safe) also have a procedure in place respectively for the microbial risk assessment of microbial species voluntarily added to the food chain. The International Dairy Federation (IDF), in collaboration with the European Food and Feed Cultures association, has been working for the past 20 years on an inventory of microbial species with technological properties in fermented foods. During the 3 years cycle, we have continued the work of the IDF, updating twice the inventory, in 2018 with the introduction of microbial food species from indigenous Asian food products, and in 2021 while considering the various food matrices and food usage attributable to a single microbial species. As such, we have focused the work on the role of food cultures and food bio-preservation, as initially suggested by the initial rationale of demonstration of food cultures of the IDF. As a proof of concept of the approach of safety demonstration of a food culture, the analytical work has been done of a collection of food and clinical isolates of the microbial species Weissella confusa, which can be both isolated in bakery products (Europe), plant-based products (Asia) and with preliminary studies for its used in dairy food products. The present study will propose a safety demonstration of microbial species for its use through inoculation in a food matrix for use in the food chain. It is aimed to avoid barrier trades between countries where a history of safe use cannot be established for an indigenous fermented food products on international market, as well as avoiding the pitfalls of cross over fermentation, while changing the food matrix where the food fermentation is done, and possibly omitting deleterious metabolites activities.

The current proposed unmanned aircraft system (UAS) detect and avoid standards require the same safety metrics, even when in close proximity to the ground or structures. This requirement has the potential to hinder low altitude small unmanned aircraft operations, such as local package delivery and utility inspection. One of the main safety metrics for UASs to adhere to is a ``well clear" volume that quantifies the vertical and horizontal separation UASs are required to maintain from manned aircraft. The current volume of 2000 feet horizontal and +/- 250 feet vertical does not provide credit for the safety benefit of being close to an obstacle where manned aircraft do not fly and could prove to be too restricting for low-level flight operations (i.e., under 400 feet above ground level). This thesis suggests using smaller safety metric volumes than the well clear volume to demonstrate that operations at lower altitudes can still be proven to be just as safe as if they were held to the larger well clear volume standard by using obstacle and terrain shielding. The research leverages simulation to analyze different safety metrics and provides an example use case in which the methodology of shielded operations is applied to demonstrate how this methodology can be applied for a safety case.
Master of Science
With the development of small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) technologies have come many practical and regulatory challenges, especially in low altitude airspaces. At lower altitudes, manned aircraft are likely to be operating at lower velocities and restricting standards require UASs to maneuver against aircraft that may not present a significant risk of collision. The excessive avoidance maneuvering can cause the successful execution of even simple operations such as package delivery or survey operations to become difficult. The strict requirements have the potential to specifically inhibit sUAS beyond visual line-of-sight commercial operations, which are of great interest to the industry. This thesis describes a method for demonstrating an equivalent level of safety of small UAS operations when utilizing avoidance algorithms that leverage obstacle and terrain awareness. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that by remaining close to obstacles, which pose a hazard to other aircraft, an unmanned aircraft can lower the risk of a mid-air collision and to demonstrate an equivalent level of safety for operations using a reduced safety metrics.

Background: Evaluation of Data Visualization methods is a major challenge within the software and other industries. With complex data and requirements, often organizations require effective visualization methods which impact business decisions and convince stakeholders. This is a similar challenge in the development of a software demonstrator for the innovative safety radar system at ABB Jokab Safety whose aim is to improve the detection reliability using multiple radar sensors and requires an effective visualization method which will satisfy all the requirements. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to explore different data visualization methods involved in illustrating the raw data and with the help of developers, and other team members feedback with reference to existing literature and filter them with respect to the system functionalities. Establish evaluation criteria with relevant metrics to perform analytic evaluations on the visualization methods to determine an effective method. Methods: A Case Study which includes a multivocal literature review, is conducted at ABB Jokab Safety. Initially, to gather information on the subject, both formal and grey literature are explored and documented to filter our appropriate data visualization methods for this system. A task-based evaluation using semi-structured interview is conducted on 14 participants to determine an effective visualization method followed by statistical analysis to derive proper validation of the findings. The Response time, Ease of understanding, Confidence and Accuracy of the visualization methods are evaluated with feedback from the participants. Results: The Multivocal literature review filtered 16 primary articles which encouraged the use of 4 data visualization methods used in the safety radar system with distinct functionalities. A coordinate transformation engine to combine the data sets was also developed for the safety radar system contributing to the overall improvement of detection reliability. The evaluation including both quantitative and qualitative results validate each other’s findings through statistical tests like Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni post hoc followed by narrative analysis resulting a heat temperature plot to be more effective in the visualization of the radar data from multiple sensors. Conclusions: The results from this research provide insight into how data visualization evaluation can be implemented for real-time industrial problems and furnish validation process to determine an effective data visualization method. This study helps object detection using similar radar technologies visualize their data in an effective way and provides a scientific approach for evaluating similar data visualization problems.

Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-101).
Synthetic biology is an emerging technology field within the realm of genetic engineering, differing from traditional genetic engineering in that it focuses on the modularization of genetic parts and the creation of de novo organisms. Significant concerns over safety have been expressed. This research explores traditional engineering and biotechnology practices for overarching principles of design, testing and demonstration that address safety concerns. The information is used to assess the current state of design, testing and demonstration in current synthetic biology projects addressing safety. Component and system design literature provide an engineering backbone of safety systems however, biological attributes such as mutation, growth, and multiplication create safety gaps, where biological engineering practices are needed. These principles are organized into categories of design and testing, and testing and demonstration to gain greater insight on where gaps in the literature might lie. Retrospective cases of traditional engineering and current cases of biotechnologies provide external validation and further illustrate which practices address which design, testing and demonstration needs. While most of the traditional engineering cases addressed safety through design and testing, when they were faced with questions of safety, they presented specific efforts to gain public confidence. The pro-biotics case was different in that the safety concerns came from the scientific community since history is being used as the convincing demonstration of safety. The three synthetic biology research projects cross the divide between traditional engineering and biotechnologies, but theses efforts are firmly in the area of design and testing. These efforts begin to show the tradeoff between implementing safety and faster technical results. Strategies for further research are explored.
by Neelima Yeddanapudi.
S.M.in Technology and Policy

A close collaboration between humans and robots is one approach to achieve flexible production flows and a high degree of automation at the same time. In human-robot collaboration, both entities work alongside each other in a fenceless, shared environment. These workstations combine human flexibility, tactile sense and intelligence with robotic speed, endurance, and accuracy. This leads to improved ergonomic working conditions for the operator, better quality and higher efficiency. However, the widespread adoption of human-robot collaboration is limited by the current safety legislation. Robots are powerful machines and without spatial separation to the operator the risks drastically increase. The technical specification ISO/TS 15066 serves as a guideline for collaborative operations and supplements the international standard ISO 10218 for industrial robots. Because ISO/TS 15066 represents the first draft for a coming standard, companies have to gain knowledge in applying ISO/TS 15066. Currently, the guideline prohibits a collision with the head in transient contact. In this thesis work, a safety system is designed which is in compliance with ISO/TS 15066 and where certified safety technologies are used. Four theoretical safety system designs with a laser scanner as a presence sensing device and a collaborative robot, the KUKA lbr iiwa, are proposed. The system either stops the robot motion, reduces the robot’s speed and then triggers a stop or only activates a stop after a collision between the robot and the human occurred. In system 3 the size of the stop zone is decreased by combining the speed and separation monitoring principle with the power- and force-limiting safeguarding mode. The safety zones are static and are calculated according to the protective separation distance in ISO/TS 15066. A risk assessment is performed to reduce all risks to an acceptable level and lead to the final safety system design after three iterations. As a proof of concept the final safety system design is implemented for a demonstrator in a laboratory environment at Scania. With a feasibility study, the implementation differences between theory and praxis for the four proposed designs are identified and a feasible safety system behavior is developed. The robot reaction is realized through the safety configuration of the robot. There three ESM states are defined to use the internal safety functions of the robot and to integrate the laser scanner signal. The laser scanner is connected as a digital input to the discrete safety interface of the robot controller. To sum up, this thesis work describes the safety system design with all implementation details.
Ett nära samarbete mellan människor och robotar är ett sätt att uppnå flexibla produktionsflöden och en hög grad av automatisering samtidigt. I människa-robotsamarbeten arbetar båda enheterna tillsammans med varandra i en gemensam miljö utan skyddsstaket. Dessa arbetsstationer kombinerar mänsklig flexibilitet, taktil känsla och intelligens med robothastighet, uthållighet och noggrannhet. Detta leder till förbättrade ergonomiska arbetsförhållanden för operatören, bättre kvalitet och högre effektivitet. Det breda antagandet av människarobotsamarbeten är emellertid begränsat av den nuvarande säkerhetslagstiftningen. Robotar är kraftfulla maskiner och utan rymdseparation till operatören riskerna drastiskt ökar. Den tekniska specifikationen ISO / TS 15066 fungerar som riktlinje för samverkan och kompletterar den internationella standarden ISO 10218 för industrirobotar. Eftersom ISO / TS 15066 representerar det första utkastet för en kommande standard, måste företagen få kunskap om att tillämpa ISO / TS 15066. För närvarande förbjuder riktlinjen en kollision med huvudet i övergående kontakt. I detta avhandlingar är ett säkerhetssystem utformat som överensstämmer med ISO / TS 15066 och där certifierad säkerhetsteknik används. Fyra teoretiska säkerhetssystemdesigner med en laserskanner som närvarosensor och en samarbetsrobot, KUKA lbr iiwa, föreslås. Systemet stoppar antingen robotrörelsen, reducerar robotens hastighet och triggar sedan ett stopp eller aktiverar bara ett stopp efter en kollision mellan roboten och människan inträffade. I system 3 minskas storleken på stoppzonen genom att kombinera hastighets- och separationsövervakningsprincipen med det kraft- och kraftbegränsande skyddsläget. Säkerhetszoner är statiska och beräknas enligt skyddsavståndet i ISO / TS 15066. En riskbedömning görs för att minska alla risker till en acceptabel nivå och leda till den slutliga säkerhetssystemdesignen efter tre iterationer. Som ett bevis på konceptet är den slutliga säkerhetssystemdesignen implementerad för en demonstrant i en laboratoriemiljö hos Scania. Genom en genomförbarhetsstudie identifieras implementeringsskillnaderna mellan teori och praxis för de fyra föreslagna mönster och ett genomförbart säkerhetssystem beteende utvecklas. Robotreaktionen realiseras genom robotens säkerhetskonfiguration. Där definieras tre ESM-tillstånd för att använda robotens interna säkerhetsfunktioner och för att integrera laserscannersignalen. Laserskannern är ansluten som en digital ingång till robotkontrollens diskreta säkerhetsgränssnitt. Sammanfattningsvis beskriver detta avhandlingar säkerhetssystemdesignen med alla implementeringsdetaljer.

Thesis (M.S. in Applied Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007. Thesis (M.S. in Combat Systems Sciences and Technology)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): Brown, Ronald E. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 18, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-96). Also available in print.

The continued development of a low-cost and safe method for neutralizing explosive threats is reported. The concept depends on the use of pure nitromethane in a totally encased lightweight plastic shaped charge, and the in situ injection of a minute quantity of diethylenetriamine just prior to employment. Penetration and impact initiation capabilities of a baseline charge, as well as function reliability were previously demonstrated. The jet from a previously developed brass encased baseline charge is fully characterized from flash radiography, and important technical issues relative to computational prediction are resolved. A new precision 42 degree lined charge is shown to outperform the baseline by as much as 6 to 74 percent over the standoff range studied. These improvements allowed for the incorporation of a Teflon body and a bi-material Teflon/copper liner in conformance with the goal of total encasement of the nitromethane. Relative differences in jetting characteristics and quantitative assessments of the penetration capability of the new design and small performance decrements resulting from the plastic substitutions are reported

The aim of this dissertation was to develop, demonstrate and evaluate a tendon adaptation model (TAM), which predicts the relative tendon damage incurred by wrist muscles during repetitive wrist motion. This research was divided into three major goals. The first goal was to adapt the muscle model of Loren and Lieber (1995) with an optimization routine in order to predict muscle forces during dynamic motions. The muscle model was combined with the cumulative strain model of Goldstein (1981) and the tendon healing and damage models of Wren, Beaupre and Carter (1998) and Liao and Belkoff (1993) respectively. TAM predicts the amount of tendon adaptation given job/worker specific force, repetition, duration, and anthropometry and wrist posture. Individual components and the entire model were subjected to benchmark tasks to demonstrate how TAM produces muscle forces, tendon strains and damages for a given task. Results showed that the TAM reproduced results found in animal studies. The second goal was to demonstrate the model's capabilities. The first of three experiments was designed to collect maximal contractions at the wrist to determine the maximal strength (PST) of five wrist muscles. The second experiment was designed to evaluate the muscle model under dynamic situations. TAM predicted muscle stimulation patterns were compared to those recorded from subject electromyograms. Predicted stimulation patterns synchronized well with electromyograms but did not match as well in amplitude. The third experiment was designed to collect necessary data over the course of one hour while subjects performed a repetitive wrist flexion task to determine tendon strain parameters K1, K2 and α. The results suggest that subjects change their kinematic and kinetic profiles over the course of an hour to minimize the effects of fatigue and damage. The third goal was to perform a sensitivity analysis on the model by varying the estimated parameters and subject specific measurements. The muscle model was found to be sensitive to the parameter PST. The cumulative strain model was hardly sensitive to the parameter K1 while changes in the parameter α were found to have little effect on ending damage levels for simulations lasting approximately 1 hour.

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
土木工程與防災科技研究所
97
In this study, the design of smoke exhaust system of underground station in mass rapid transit system is reviewed and explored. By using 3-dimesnional software FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) which developed by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), 3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation of smoke control system of underground station is conducted in order to evaluate if the design of smoke exhaust system is adequate under the case of fire in public area. In addition, safety of evacuation of passenger is also examined in this study. Temperature, CO concentration, visibility and heat intensity of radiation are evaluated in this study and requirements in these matters are satisfied under various conditions associated with analytical results. Within 360 seconds fire taking place, 10.0m visibility in concourse level can remain at least 1.8m above floor so passengers can evacuate away from fire successfully. Further, in the condition of 2.5MW of scale of fire, two exhausts with 36.0m3/s of capability in total and 50cm of length of smoke prevention wall are capable to provide an effective exhaust system. Through the simulation in this study, all checked parameters are adequately satisfied with the leveds suggested by NFPA130 so the passengers can evacuate to a safe place within 6 minutes. In order to further approve the reliability of fire-protection system, a full-scale experiment is delivered on site. Test results show current fire-protection system can fulfill related requirements.

abstract: Most planning agents assume complete knowledge of the domain, which may not be the case in scenarios where certain domain knowledge is missing. This problem could be due to design flaws or arise from domain ramifications or qualifications. In such cases, planning algorithms could produce highly undesirable behaviors. Planning with incomplete domain knowledge is more challenging than partial observability in the sense that the planning agent is unaware of the existence of such knowledge, in contrast to it being just unobservable or partially observable. That is the difference between known unknowns and unknown unknowns. In this thesis, I introduce and formulate this as the problem of Domain Concretization, which is inverse to domain abstraction studied extensively before. Furthermore, I present a solution that starts from the incomplete domain model provided to the agent by the designer and uses teacher traces from human users to determine the candidate model set under a minimalistic model assumption. A robust plan is then generated for the maximum probability of success under the set of candidate models. In addition to a standard search formulation in the model-space, I propose a sample-based search method and also an online version of it to improve search time. The solution presented has been evaluated on various International Planning Competition domains where incompleteness was introduced by deleting certain predicates from the complete domain model. The solution is also tested in a robot simulation domain to illustrate its effectiveness in handling incomplete domain knowledge. The results show that the plan generated by the algorithm increases the plan success rate without impacting action cost too much.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Computer Science 2020

To gather together is a natural human activity shared by all people. The majority of these activities take place without the involvement of the government, and is of no interest to the law. In South Africa, the right to assemble peacefully, to demonstrate, to picket or to present petitions, is protected in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. When people gather, be it peaceful or violent, participants run the risk of being arrested for committing offences. The way the government of the day reacts to gatherings influence the policing, prosecution and adjudication of offences arising from the right to gather. Current legislation and common-law offences utilised to curb disorder in South Africa are measured against international and regional case law and guidelines. Most of these case law and guidelines linked to international and regional instruments are similar in many respects, and can be deemed as universally acceptable. It is proposed that the government revisits the mixture of current offences utilised by the prosecution during dissent, public violence or protest action, and that specific public order offences are created, providing for specific unlawful conduct with corroborating sentences. Police powers must furthermore be clearly defined to strengthen the hand of the police to secure law and order, serve as guarantee for the rights and freedoms of everyone, and to create legal certainty. The government must organise applicable public order offences in a single public order act. Legislation applicable to public order must be accessible and easily understandable since protest may be the only avenue for a member of the public to bring his or her plight under the attention of the government. Existing guidelines from applicable international and regional instruments which guide and monitor executive conduct must be included since these guidelines qualify as public order offences.
Criminal and Procedural Law
LL. D. (Criminal and Procedural Law)

碩士
南華大學
管理科學研究所
92
Since the Republic of China Air Force (ROCAF) has completed the alternations with new generation fighters. Besides the adaptations, all human factors significantly correlate with the performances of aviation safety. The study proposes the questionnaire survey to the personnel in the logistic services of the ROCAF airbase of the new fighters, thus investigates the correlations, differences, and influences of each variables, as well as the characteristics, so that the study would provide specific the conclusions and recommendations with each level personnel to refer, and enhance the qualities and capacities for the performances of aviation safety. 　 　　The study utilizes descriptive statistics analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, differential analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis to complete the associated researches. The results of the analyses are described as followed: 　 　1. Differences: Different personality traits correlated partially significant differences with organizational behavior, leadership behavior, job satisfaction, and the performances of aviation safety. 　 　2. Correlations: The correlations between leadership behavior and organizational are significant, the correlations between job satisfaction and leadership behavior are extremely significant, and the correlations between job satisfaction and the performances of aviation safety are extremely significant. Moreover, the correlations between leadership behavior and the performances of aviation safety are extremely significant. 　 　3. Influences: the personality traits and the organizational behavior correlate negative influences with the aviation safety; however, the leadership behavior and the job satisfaction correlate significantly positive influences with the aviation safety. Moreover, the job satisfaction correlates positive influences with the aviation safety.