Journal articles: 'Safety break'

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Johnson, Hope L., and Diane Kimsey. "Patient Safety: Break the Silence." AORN Journal 95, no. 5 (May 2012): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2012.03.002.

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Lin, Zhong, Jin Tao Sun, Rong Han Wu, Nived Moonasar, and Ye Hui Zhou. "The Safety and Efficacy of Adjustable Postoperative Position after Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment." Journal of Ophthalmology 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5760173.

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Purpose.To report the safety and efficacy of adjustable postoperative position for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods.Retrospective review of 536 consecutive RRD eyes that underwent vitrectomy surgery for retina repair from year 2008 to 2014. The retinal breaks were divided into superior, lateral (nasal, temporal, and macular), and inferior locations, according to the clock of breaks. Patients with superior and lateral break location were allowed to have facedown position or lateral decubitus position postoperatively, while patients with inferior break location were allowed to have facedown position.Results.403 eyes of 400 patients were included. The mean follow-up interval was 22.7 ± 21.3 months. The overall primary retinal reattachment rate was 93.3%. There were 24 (6.0%), 273 (67.7%), and 106 (26.3%) patients with superior, lateral, and inferior break location, respectively. The primary reattachment rate was 95.8%, 92.3%, and 95.3% accordingly. After further divided the break location into subgroups as a function of duration of symptom, postoperative lens situation, number of retinal breaks, and different vitreous tamponade, the primary reattachment rates were all higher than 82%.Conclusion.Adjustable postoperative positioning is effective and safe for RRD repair with different break locations. Choosing postoperative position appropriately according to retinal break locations could be recommended.

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Gil, Leszek, Daniel Pieniak, and Agata Walczak. "Safety in road transport." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 189, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6225.

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The article describes the transport process and the drivers’ approach with regard to respecting the applicable driver's working time standards. This paper presents and discusses the results of a survey conducted among professional drivers, the primary purpose of which was to obtain the response to the question whether drivers actually rest during the break. Legal regulations strictly determine the minimum daily and weekly rest periods and the maximum daily and weekly driving times. Appropriate advanced technologies represented by measuring tools to the great extent oblige drivers to take a rest at the right time. Nevertheless, on the basis of the research it was stated that drivers frequently execute other activities, thus trying to increase their profits during break time, and therefore they commit for a rest shorter time than this resulting from the current working time regulations. The introduction of newer and more advanced solutions in the recording equipment substantially limits the possibility of performing other activities related to the vehicle during a break, and forces drivers to have a rest, thereby they pose less risk on the roads.

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Scholz, André, Johannes Wendsche, Argang Ghadiri, Usha Singh, Theo Peters, and Stefan Schneider. "Methods in Experimental Work Break Research: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 3844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203844.

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The number of studies on work breaks and the importance of this subject is growing rapidly, with research showing that work breaks increase employees’ wellbeing and performance and workplace safety. However, comparing the results of work break research is difficult since the study designs and methods are heterogeneous and there is no standard theoretical model for work breaks. Based on a systematic literature search, this scoping review included a total of 93 studies on experimental work break research conducted over the last 30 years. This scoping review provides a first structured evaluation regarding the underlying theoretical framework, the variables investigated, and the measurement methods applied. Studies using a combination of measurement methods from the categories “self-report measures,” “performance measures,” and “physiological measures” are most common and to be preferred in work break research. This overview supplies important information for ergonomics researchers allowing them to design work break studies with a more structured and stronger theory-based approach. A standard theoretical model for work breaks is needed in order to further increase the comparability of studies in the field of experimental work break research in the future.

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Mazlan, A. M., M. R. Sapiee, and M. S. Yahaya. "The Concept of Single Use Piston Break Safety Syringe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (May 2015): 646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.646.

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A syringe is a simple piston pump consisting of a plunger that fits tightly in a tube. The plunger can be pulled and pushed along inside a cylindrical tube (the barrel), allowing the syringe to take in and expel a liquid or gas through an orifice at the open end of the tube. The open end of the syringe may be fitted with a hypodermic needle, a nozzle, or tubing to help direct the flow into and out of the barrel. Syringes are often used to administer injections, apply compounds such as glue or lubricant, and measure liquids. The reuse and abuse of syringe has led to cross-infection of diseases; thus, the need of single use safety syringe arises. Single use safety syringe is able to prevent the abuse of syringe. Many inventions have been produced; the most common are through-push retract breakable safety syringe, rotary plunger retractable safety syringe and release-ring breakable safety syringe. A new type of single use safety syringe Piston Break Safety Syringe is discussed in this paper. The new Piston Break Safety Syringe has similar design with the widely used safety syringe; hence, it makes it easier to be adapted by the users due to its similarity, since no extra training is required. The cost should be equivalently low due to the similarity in size, design and number of components.

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., N. R. K. Patnaik. "SAFETY OF COASTAL STRUCTURE AS A BREAK WATER STRUCTURE." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, no. 13 (February 25, 2015): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0413009.

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Zorc, Borut, Aleš Nagode, Borut Kosec, and Ladislav Kosec. "Elevator chain wheel shaft break analysis." Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis 1, no. 2 (April 2013): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csefa.2013.05.004.

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Sun, Lin, Xuesong Wang, Jun Wang, Meiru Liu, and Genglei Xia. "RELAP5 Foresight Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Hypothesis Passive Safety Injection System under LOCA for an Existing NPP in China." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2020 (December 27, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8844910.

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Qinshan nuclear power plant is the first large Chinese-designed nuclear power station based on pressurized water reactor, and the second generation main stream active safety injection system is adopted for Qinshan nuclear power plant. In this paper, a novel passive safety injection system (PSIS) has been proposed for ocean-based Qinshan Phase One nuclear power plant to replace the original active one. The PSIS contains high-pressure, medium-pressure, and lower-pressure safety injection systems, and a two-stage automatic depressurization system. To evaluate the system performance, small-break LOCA has been investigated using RELAP5. Various break sizes and locations including 2-inch, 10-inch cold leg break, and double-ended direct vessel injection line break were analyzed. Key safety parameters such as safe injection mass flow rates, coolant level of the core, system pressure, and fuel cladding temperature were monitored during the accident process. The results illustrate that the performance of the safety injection system can guarantee the effective core cooling and submerged under different LOCA even with only half of the safety injection system, which can fulfill the single failure criteria. The thermal-hydraulic analysis for the Qinshan passive safety injection system is significant to master the related technologies for Chinese engineer and develop the Chinese-designed third-generation nuclear power plants, and the PSIS can guarantee the reactor submerged under LOCA even plus the station block out accident.

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Metcalfe, M. P., W. Koch, and G. Turner. "Break-up testing of waste-form materials." Mineralogical Magazine 76, no. 8 (December 2012): 2975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.8.13.

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AbstractThe Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) is developing a safety case for the long-term management of higher activity wastes. This includes safety assessments of transport to and operations at the repository. One of the main faults and hazards to be considered is waste package response to impact accidents.The criteria of impact performance for waste packages are based upon activity release of particulates generated from the break up of the waste form during impact. The NDA approach to impact performance is based upon waste package response from finite element modelling in combination with break-up tests.Previous break up research commissioned by the NDA has concentrated on commercial graphite and glass samples. These extended studies, undertaken by the National Nuclear Laboratory in collaboration with the Department of Aerosol Technology of the Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, provide break-up data specific to nuclear facilities and waste materials. These include archived unirrradiated graphite used to construct Magnox reactor cores and reflectors, simulant high level waste glass, selected grout formulations and selected metal-in-grout formulations.

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Khan, Abid Hossain, Angkush Kumar Ghosh, Md Sumon Rahman, S. M. Tazim Ahmed, and C. L. Karmakar. "An Investigation on the Possible Radioactive Contamination of Environment during a Steam-Line Break Accident in a VVER-1200 Nuclear Power Plant." Current World Environment 14, no. 2 (August 16, 2019): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.14.2.14.

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In this work, the possibility of contamination of environment by radioactive elements due to a steam-line break accident has been investigated for a VVER-1200 type nuclear power plant. Personal Computer Transient Analyzer (PCTRAN) has been used to generate the response data of the plant safety systems numerically for an accidental condition like such. A break of 1000 cm2 in the A-loop of the steam line has been considered. A break of the size is considered a “Large Break”, which is believed to be responsible for multiple serious accidents in the past. Also, it has also been assumed that off-site AC power supply is unavailable. Simulations were run for time duration of 300 seconds since most of the safety features of the plant should respond within 50 seconds from the initiation of the accident. Results show that SCRAM is initiated within 22.5 seconds from the emergence of the break, which limited the peak core thermal power to around 105% of the nominal value. The peak temperatures of fuel elements and fuel cladding are recorded to be around 1850oC and 620oC respectively, which are both within the safety limits. The pressure inside reactor pressure vessel has not undergone any significant changes, showing no sign of failure. Again, the pressure inside the reactor containment building is kept within 2.5 bar by the safety systems, indicating that there is no possibility of containment failure due to over-pressure. Finally, the readings from radiation monitor show that there is no noticeable release of radioactive elements to the environment during the accident. Therefore, it may be concluded that the release of radioactive elements in the surrounding environment during a steam-line break accident is very unlikely provided that the plant safety systems are fully functional.

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Shen, Zhao Wei, Cun Hong Pan, Sui Gao Ye, Hai Yan Lu, and Li Hui Wang. "The Economic Loss Estimate of Dam Break Based on 2D Dam Break-Wave Numerical Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 2457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.2457.

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A 2D numerical model based on Boltzmann equation and an unstructured FVM grid with a kinetic flux vector splitting (KFVS) scheme was developed to simulate dam break-wave. As an example, propagation of the dam-break wave of one reservoir dam at Yuhang District of Hangzhou in Hangzhou was simulated by this model. Using regional economy, population, and geography data of 2008, the economic loss caused by dam failure was evaluated. The result shows that total economic loss is about 20% of the GDP in Yuhang, which is close to the conclusion of some existing researches. It is foreseeable that this method would to be used more widely in Zhejiang for dam safety management.

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Stahl-Rommel, Sarah, David Li, Michelle Sung, Rebecca Li, Aarthi Vijayakumar, Kutay Deniz Atabay, G. Guy Bushkin, et al. "A CRISPR-based assay for the study of eukaryotic DNA repair onboard the International Space Station." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): e0253403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253403.

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As we explore beyond Earth, astronauts may be at risk for harmful DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. Double-strand breaks are a type of DNA damage that can be repaired by two major cellular pathways: non-homologous end joining, during which insertions or deletions may be added at the break site, and homologous recombination, in which the DNA sequence often remains unchanged. Previous work suggests that space conditions may impact the choice of DNA repair pathway, potentially compounding the risks of increased radiation exposure during space travel. However, our understanding of this problem has been limited by technical and safety concerns, which have prevented integral study of the DNA repair process in space. The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system offers a model for the safe and targeted generation of double-strand breaks in eukaryotes. Here we describe a CRISPR-based assay for DNA break induction and assessment of double-strand break repair pathway choice entirely in space. As necessary steps in this process, we describe the first successful genetic transformation and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in space. These milestones represent a significant expansion of the molecular biology toolkit onboard the International Space Station.

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Niu, Eryanti, Haji Saediman, and Surni Surni. "Break Even Analysis of Poultry Egg Production in Rural Area in Southeast Sulawesi." Binus Business Review 7, no. 3 (November 30, 2016): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v7i3.1501.

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This research aimed to analyze break-even point and margin of safety of poultry egg production in the rural area in Southeast Sulawesi. The research used a case study approach by using questionnaire1, in-depth interviews, and observation to collect data and information from a small-scale poultry egg producing enterprise which was selected purposively with the consideration that the farm is located in rural area and had less than 1.000 laying hens. Data were analyzed using costs and returns, break-even point, and margin of safety ratio. Research results show that the enterprise record net income of Rp9.232.165,00. R/C ratio of 1,32 means that the enterprise would earn a revenue of Rp1,32 for every one rupiah it invested. Break even sales are Rp3.374.474,00 and break even volume was 140,60 kg. The egg production is far above both the break-even sales and units, meaning that the enterprise earns a profit from egg production. The margin of safety is Rp34.750.526,00 or 91,15%, indicating a high level of safety in the enterprise. In view of its profitability and the importance of poultry egg production in the generation of employment and fulfillment of protein needs of the population, local government and other stakeholders are suggested to take measures to promote poultry egg production in rural areas by providing technical assistance program for small-scale poultry farmers at the community level and improving managerial skills in the poultryegg production.

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Rizki, Nisfatur, and Agus Sukoco. "Break Even Point Analysis As a Tool For Profit And Sales Planning On Otak-Otak Bandeng Kang Wahab SME." Journal of World Conference (JWC) 1, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/prd.v1i1.65.

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This study aims to determine break-even point and margin of safety and how to plan profits and sales by using Break Even Point Analysis on Otak-Otak Kang Wahab SME. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive with a case study research approach, by conducting direct interviews with the owner. Analysis have been carried out using Break Even Point Analysis. The data being analyzed in this study are production and non-production reports, product prices, sales volumes and costs. The results show that the sales of SME product which have been analyzed through Break Even Point have break-even point after it reachs 1 months 10 days, with revenue of Rp. 270,309,375 and selling of 2,809 units. Margin of Safety is known to be 82%. In this case, the SME don‘t include asset investments in the form of business places, because they use their own residence, so the cost isn’t considered.

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Talakua, Mozart W., Dorteus L. Rahakbauw, and Serly Surlialy. "ANALISIS BREAK EVEN POINT SEBAGAI ALAT UNTUK MERENCANAKAN LABA PERUSAHAAN." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol11iss1pp49-54.

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Salah satu teknik analisis yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui kondisi dimana perusahan dalam menjalankan aktivitasnya tidak mendapatkan laba dan tidak mengalami kerugian adalah analisis breakeven point (BEP). Dengan kata lain, jumlah penghasilan sama dengan jumlah biaya yang dikeluarkan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengetahui penerapan analisis titik impas pada PT. Kimia Farma, margin of safety yang dihasilkan, dan membuat perencanaan laba periode dan perencanaan penjualan minimal untuk mencapai keuntungan yang diharapkan oleh PT. Kimia Farma pada tahun 2016. Hasil dari penelitian tahun 2015 setelah biaya semivariabel dipisahkan kedalam biaya tetap dan biaya variabel, dapat dihitungBEP perusahan. BEP terjadi pada penjualan Rp. 464.000 dan margin of safety sebesar 14,5% tahun 2015 dijadikan dasar perhitungan untuk perencanaan tahun 2016. BEP tahun 2016 terjadi pada penjualan Rp. 464.000 dan margin of safety sebesar 548,1% perencanaan penjualan minimal mencapai keuntungan yang diharapkan sebesar Rp. 1.497.500 tercapai sebesar Rp. 1.783.643.

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Aksan, N. "International Standard Problems and Small Break Loss-of-Coolant Accident (SBLOCA)." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2008 (2008): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/814572.

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Best-estimate thermal-hydraulic system codes are widely used to perform safety and licensing analyses of nuclear power plants and also used in the design of advance reactors. Evaluation of the capabilities and the performance of these codes can be accomplished by comparing the code predictions with measured experimental data obtained on different test facilities. OECD/NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) has promoted, over the last twenty-nine years, some forty-eight international standard problems (ISPs). These ISPs were performed in different fields as in-vessel thermal-hydraulic behaviour, fuel behaviour under accident conditions, fission product release and transport, core/concrete interactions, hydrogen distribution and mixing, containment thermal-hydraulic behaviour. 80% of these ISPs were related to the working domain of principal working group no.2 on coolant system behaviour (PWG2) and were one of the major PWG2 activities for many years. A global review and synthesis on the contribution that ISPs have made to address nuclear reactor safety issues was initiated by CSNI-PWG2 and an overview on the subject of small break LOCA ISPs is given in this paper based on a report prepared by a writing group. In addition, the relevance of small break LOCA in a PWR with relation to nuclear reactor safety and the reorientation of the reactor safety program after TMI-2 accident are shortly summarized. The experiments in four integral test facilities, LOBI, SPES, BETHSY, ROSA IV/LSTF and the recorded data during a steam generator tube rupture transient in the DOEL-2 PWR (Belgium) were the basis of the five small break LOCA related ISP exercises, which deal with the phenomenon typical of small break LOCAs in Western design PWRs. Some lessons learned from these small break LOCA ISPs are identified in relation to code deficiencies and capabilities, progress in the code capabilities, possibility of scaling, and various additional aspects. ISPs are providing unique material and benefits for some safety-related issues.

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Degnan, Dan. "‘What break?’ Striving for a better workplace to improve patient safety." Pharmacy Today 24, no. 6 (June 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptdy.2018.05.024.

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Maulidin, Moch Yusuf Guntara, Andri Indrawan, and Ade Sudarma. "Analisis Break Even Point Sebagai Alat Profit Planning Pada Hotel Wijaya Sukabumi." Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) 4, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/costing.v4i1.1398.

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This research is based on the importance of the management of a company and to know the implement of break event point analysis and the margin of safety in which to study and explore the relationship between costs, profits, and volume of activities. This study aims to determine the break event point approach and the margin of safety as a basis in profit planning. The variables used in this study are Break Event Point and Margin of Safety. The population and sample used are social conditions consisting of three components; places, actors, and activities, with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. Resource persons in the study are the owners, managers, and accountants. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Based on the results of research that Hotel Wijaya in 2018 and 2019 has reached the level of break even point. Margin of safety for 2016 was 41%, in 2017 it was 21%, in 2018 it was 39% and in 2019 it was 35%, while in 2020 Hotel Wijaya planned profit with a percentage of 10% with a total of 104,764,000. Thus, to obtain the profit the Wijaya Hotel must be able to rent out rooms with sales of Rp 355,832,589 with as many as 4,211 units sold. So it can be concluded that the growth of assets and leverage only affects 1.4% of the dividend policy and the rest is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. Keywords: Break Even Point, Profit Planning

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Choi, Ki-Yong, Yeon-Sik Kim, Chul-Hwa Song, and Won-Pil Baek. "Major Achievements and Prospect of the ATLAS Integral Effect Tests." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2012 (2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/375070.

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A large-scale thermal-hydraulic integral effect test facility, ATLAS (Advanced Thermal-hydraulic Test Loop for Accident Simulation), has been operated by KAERI. The reference plant of ATLAS is the APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor, 1400 MWe). Since 2007, an extensive series of experimental works were successfully carried out, including large break loss of coolant accident tests, small break loss of coolant accident tests at various break locations, steam generator tube rupture tests, feed line break tests, and steam line break tests. These tests contributed toward an understanding of the unique thermal-hydraulic behavior, resolving the safety-related concerns and providing validation data for evaluation of the safety analysis codes and methodology for the advanced pressurized water reactor, APR1400. Major discoveries and lessons found in the past integral effect tests are summarized in this paper. As the demand for integral effect tests is on the rise due to the active national nuclear R&D program in Korea, the future prospects of the application of the ATLAS facility are also discussed.

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Fuamba, Musandji, Claude Marche, and Tung Quach. "Analyse expérimentale de l'effet d'un couvert de glace sur la propagation de l'onde de rupture de barrage." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 1082–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-068.

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Lengthy winter conditions such as those known in the province of Quebec require that one takes the presence of an ice cover into account in the determination of instantaneous safety factors for dams established in cascade and under the effect of a break wave. Not only should the ice load on the structure be considered but also the effects of the pressure wave that is propagated under the ice cover. This study shows that the method currently used to determine the stability of structures subject to a break wave is incomplete. The results obtained in laboratory indeed indicate that the presence of the ice cover increases the sur-elevation and sur-pressure values of both components of the break wave. This might perturb the stabilizing force balance of the downstream dam and increases its risk of failure.Key words: dam safety, break wave, ice cover, sur-pressure, dynamic load.[Journal translation]

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Bui, Thi Hoa, Tan Hung Hoang, and Minh Giang Hoang. "Safety Analyses of VVER-1200/V491 reactor for longterm station blackout along with small LOCAs." Nuclear Science and Technology 6, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/jnst.v6i4.171.

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Performance of Passive Heat Removal through Steam Generator (PHRS-SG) of VVER-1200/V491 reactor presented in Safety Analysis Report for Ninh Thuan 1 shows that in case of long term station black out (SBO), VVER-1200/V491 reactor can be cooldown and remained in safety mode at least 24 hours based on PHRS-SG performance. Anyway, long term station blackout along with small break in main coolant pipe of VVER-1200/V491 is assumed to be happening as an extension design condition that needs to be investigated. This study focuses on investigation of SBO along with different size of small break of LOCAs with expectation of finding the range of break size that the reactor is still kept in safety mode during 24 hours. During the investigation, some indicators for fuel damage such as the timing of HA1 actuation or mass of coolant inventory discharged are introduced as necessary information contributed to Severe Accident Management Guideline (SAMG).

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Yu, Hong Tao. "Dynamic Analysis of Dam-Break Loss Based on Unascertainty Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 1310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.1310.

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As the Water-retaining Structure of reservoir, Earth-Rock Dam was widely used because of a wide accommodation, local material and rapid construction speed .There are 86 thousand dams having been built in our country, 90% of which are earth-rockfill dams. However, the aging and disease of earth-rockfill dams are becoming more and more serious. As time goes by, its security problem gets more and more attention. The risk management of dam is a kind of new concept of safety management which is brought in from abroad. One of the most prominent characteristics is that it is conscious both of its own safety and the effect of downstream, which effectively overcomes the deficiency of today's management mode, and it has practical significance to improve earth-rockfill dams management level , ensuring construction and public safety. The study gives the analysis of the economic developments effect on the dam-break loss, and establishes the dynamic predication evaluation model based on uncertainty theory. The model can effectively reflect the time variant characteristics of dam-break loss, which provides new attempt to dynamic predication of dam-break loss.

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Gayatri, Nyoman Ayu, and Nyoman Dwika Ayu Amrita. "Analisis Break Event Point Sebagai Dasar Perencanaan Laba Penjualan Pada CV. OSA Garmen Badung." Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Equilibrium 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47329/jurnal_mbe.v5i1.321.

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Penelitian ini berguna untuk mengetahui apakah perusahaan memperoleh laba dan tidak mengalami kerugian. Sehingga pihak manajemen perusahaan dapat merencanakan laba pada CV. Osa Garmen. Data di analisis dengan menggunakan metode kuadrat terkecil, break even point, penjualan minimal profil margin, margin of safety, dan degree of operating leverage. Hasil analisis diperoleh kesimpulan penjualan pada saat break even point dalam rupiah Rp. 1.276.058.340,68 sedangkan break even point atas unit terjual adalah 31.809 pcs. Maka penjualan minimal yang harus direalisasikan adalah Rp. 1.642.819.712,00. Sedangkan margin of safety yang dinyatakan dalam rupiah adalah sebesar Rp. 323.015.204,50 dan dalam persentase sebesar 20%. Perubahan degree of operating leverage adalah 11,63 kali pada tingat penjualan Rp. 1.396.056.000,00 ini berarti setiap penambahan 1% penjualan akan menambah laba 11,63%.

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Kepic, Anton W., and R. D. Russell. "Fiber optic time break." GEOPHYSICS 61, no. 1 (January 1996): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443952.

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Geophysical methods that use explosive seismic sources need to produce an accurate time break signal at the time of the blast. This is generally achieved with a seismic detonator, a special variety of electrical detonator (or cap) that is designed to have minimal latency between the injection of electrical current into the detonator and initiation of the explosion, as well as having a slightly higher base charge and better water resistance. A time‐break signal is obtained by either electronically controlling or monitoring the blast current. Seismic detonators are guaranteed to have better than a millisecond latency if sufficient current is injected into the leads; the necessary current is usually 5 to 10 amps. A millisecond tolerance is acceptable for most seismic work but may not be sufficient for shallow studies or for crosswell tomography. However, in fairness to the seismic detonator, the actual performance is generally better: Burrows (1936) and, independently, Rolland and White (1937) reported a time lag of less than 0.3 ms with a deviation of 0.1 ms. These values have changed little since the 1940s. The MK 2 from C.I.L. Inc. (a division of I.C.I.) has an average lag of 0.3–0.4 ms (personal communication with I.C.I. explosives). Major improvements in electric detonator design have been in the areas of safety and durability. A much greater disadvantage for explosive sources are the strict regulations on the transport and storage of explosive devices (Tour, 1992). The cost of complying with these regulations may prohibit the use of explosives in small surveys or in remote areas. An example is the transport of explosives by aircraft: the only passengers allowed on board are those neccesary for completing the flight and for transporting the explosives. Chartering an aircraft to transport a small amount of explosive material is too costly for many geotechnical and mining geophysics surveys.

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Ju, Hai Yan, Gui Qing Gao, Qiu Xiang Li, and Jian Hua Li. "Analysis of Safety and Risk Factors about the Tailings Dam in the Mental Mines." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.299.

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Tailings dam is a potential risk source in the metal mines, once the tailings dam break, it will not only lead to tremendous loss in people’s lives and property, but also result in serious environmental pollution. Basing on the accidents of tailings dam failure at home, the dam failure causes are analyzed, some technology and management suggestions about decreasing dam-break accident are put forward, which provide reference for safety management to tailings dam.

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Liu, Hai Ming, and Jing Cao. "Study on Automatic Safety Monitoring and Management System of Tailings Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 1043–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.1043.

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The tailings dam is a very important component part in mine production facilities. Meanwhile, it is a potential major risk source with high potential energy. Through collecting many accidents of the tailings dam, it is showed that accident type of the tailings dam mainly is dam-break, damage of drainage system, leakage of tailings, etc. On the basis of this analysis, the main causes of dam-break are slope instability, breaking construction rule, unusual rainfall, etc. The automatic safety monitoring and management system of the tailings reservoir (ASMMS) is a powerful measure for mine safety production. The basic frame of the ASMMS is proposed. The main contents and key problems of the ASMMS are also analyzed. It can provide a strong theoretical and technical basis for the safety and management of the tailings dam.

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Tabuchi, Naoki. "The Break Down of Fujinuma Dam and the Safety of the People." JOURNAL OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 28, no. 2 (2015): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.6012/jwei.28.159.

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Lim, J., S. W. Choi, J. Yang, D. Y. Lee, S. Rassame, T. Hibiki, and M. Ishii. "Assessment of passive safety system performance under main steam line break accident." Annals of Nuclear Energy 64 (February 2014): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2013.05.032.

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Hilditch, Cassie, Lucia Arsintescu, Kevin Gregory, and Erin Evans. "302 Sleep, Sleepiness, and Performance Across Three In-Flight Bunk Rest Opportunities." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A120—A121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.301.

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Abstract Introduction Airline pilots are required to take a rest break in a bunk during long-haul flights in an effort to reduce sleepiness during critical phases of flight. It is unclear, however, whether each rest break affords equal opportunity for sleep. We aimed to characterize sleep, sleepiness, and performance outcomes across three in-flight rest breaks during long-haul flights. Methods Thirty-seven pilots wore actiwatches and completed sleep diaries for approximately two weeks while flying a variety of long-haul routes (n=126 flights). Self-reported in-flight bunk rest (BR) periods were used to set rest intervals and sleep was estimated within these intervals using actigraphy software (wake threshold set to medium). Pilots provided Karolinska Sleepiness Scale ratings (KSS) and performed a 5-minute psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) before landing. A linear mixed-effects model with participant included as a random effect and allowed to vary by intercept was used to assess differences between BR opportunities. Results The majority (97%, n=122) of BR periods contained sleep (as estimated by actigraphy). The mean (+/- standard deviation) sleep duration for the first, middle, and third BR opportunity was 152.8 (69.7), 149.2 (44.1), 125.2 (44.9) minutes, respectively. There was a significant effect of BR opportunity for sleep duration (F(2,54) = 3.747, p=.03) and KSS (F(2,44) = 7.869, p=.001). Bonferroni adjusted planned pairwise contrasts revealed that pilots using the third BR obtained significantly less sleep than in the first BR (p=.029). KSS ratings prior to landing were higher for the third BR compared to both the first (p=.001) and middle BR (p=.017). There were no significant differences for PVT speed or lapses (all p>05). Conclusion These results suggest that the last rest break is associated with shorter sleep, lower alertness, and no differences in performance relative to the other rest breaks. Further analysis is required to determine whether the higher KSS ratings following the third rest break are associated with sleep inertia, or whether other factors may be involved. Support (if any) NASA Airspace Operations and Safety Program, System-Wide Safety Project

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Tippet, Melissa L., John R. Stofan, Magie Lacambra, and Craig A. Horswill. "Core Temperature and Sweat Responses in Professional Women's Tennis Players During Tournament Play in the Heat." Journal of Athletic Training 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-46.1.55.

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Abstract Context: Tennis is often played in hot, humid environments, intensifying the thermoregulatory strain placed on the athletes. As a safety measure, some tennis organizations allow for a 10-minute break in play between the second and third sets when environmental conditions are extreme. However, the actual effect of these breaks in reducing core temperature is unknown. Objective: To determine change in core temperature after a 10-minute break in play and assess fluid balance in professional female tennis players during tournament matches in the heat. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A Women's Tennis Association Tour–sanctioned outdoor tournament on hard courts under hot conditions (30.3°C ± 2.3°C). Patients or Other Participants: Seven professional tennis players. Main Outcome Measure(s): Change in core temperature after a 10-minute break in tournament play, fluid intake, and sweat losses during match play. Results: Core temperature was reduced from 38.92°C to 38.67°C (change of −0.25°C ± 0.20°C) when a break was taken (P = .02). Mean sweat rate during match play was 2.0 ± 0.5 L/h. During that time, mean fluid intake was 1.5 ± 0.5 L/h, resulting in a 1.2% ± 1.0% reduction in body mass. Conclusions: Female professional tennis players are subjected to high heat loads during match play in hot environments. However, a 10-minute break in play decreased core temperature in 6 of 7 players by an average of 0.25°C, indicating that the break provides practical benefits in the field. Furthermore, although mean sweat rate in this group of female tennis players was high, most athletes were still able to minimize mass loss to less than 2% of their prematch weight.

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Hardy, P. G., and H. J. Richter. "Small break loss of coolant accidents: Bottom and side break." Nuclear Engineering and Design 100, no. 1 (February 1987): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(87)90073-2.

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Khatab, Abdelhakim, Claver Diallo, El-Houssaine Aghezzaf, and Uday Venkatadri. "Condition-based selective maintenance for stochastically degrading multi-component systems under periodic inspection and imperfect maintenance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 232, no. 4 (August 2018): 447–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x18765521.

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This article proposes a novel condition-based selective maintenance model for a multi-component system running multiple missions interspersed with scheduled intermission breaks. Each component in the system degrades according to a time-dependent stochastic process and fails whenever its degradation level reaches a prespecified threshold. Failures of system components are revealed only through periodic inspections performed during a mission. The decision to repair components found in a failed state is made at the beginning of the following break. However, a penalty cost proportional to the expected component downtime is incurred. To improve the probability of the system successfully completing its next mission, maintenance activities are carried out on its components during the breaks. Each component can be imperfectly maintained or replaced. The level at which maintenance is performed determines the improvement degree in the component health. Cost and time structures are developed to take into account the trade-offs between the cost of an imperfect maintenance action and its resulting health improvement. Given the limited duration of the break and the required reliability target for the next mission, the condition-based selective maintenance problem aims at finding an optimal subset of maintenance actions to be performed on the selected components to minimize the total expected cost which is the sum of the total expected maintenance, inspection and penalty costs. All parameters and components of this nonlinear selective maintenance optimization problem are developed and thoroughly discussed. Numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the modelling steps and show the validity of the proposed approach.

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Mei, Guo Dong, and Zong Zhi Wu. "Research on the Dam-Break Hazard Vulnerability Assessment Index System and Methods of Tailings Pond." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3450.

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The method, using slope buckling safety factor to measure the degree of dam-break hazard, results in the unscientific conclusions of identical dam-break risk with respect to the desolate & uninhabited gobi desert and densely populated & highly economic-developed city. On the basis of vulnerability theory, a dam-break hazard vulnerability assessment index system, which comprehensively considering the inherent risks of dam-break and the intrinsic vulnerability of hazard-affected bodies, was established. The production of dam-break hazard-causing factor intensity, including the current dam height, reservoir capacity & downstream main ditch longitudinal, and accident probability by the Monte Carlo method is the inherent risk level of dam-break. The result by the multiplying physical exposure and the intrinsic vulnerability, including household fitness index & the emergency self-help index, as well as the disaster relief capacity is the hazard-affected body vulnerability. Results are contributable to further consummate the vulnerability risk assessment technology and the reliability of dam-break hazard.

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Antariksawan, Anhar Riza, Surip Widodo, and Hendro Tjahjono. "PARAMETRIC STUDY OF LOCA IN TRIGA-2000 USING RELAP5/SCDAP CODE." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA 19, no. 2 (May 26, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2017.19.2.3279.

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A postulated loss of coolant accident (LOCA) shall be analyzed to assure the safety of a research reactor. The analysis of such accident could be performed using best estimate thermal-hydraulic codes, such as RELAP5. This study focuses on analysis of LOCA in TRIGA-2000 due to pipe and beam tube break. The objective is to understand the effect of break size and the actuating time of the emergency core cooling system (ECCS) on the accident consequences and to assess the safety of the reactor. The analysis is performed using RELAP/SCDAPSIM codes. Three different break size and actuating time were studied. The results confirmed that the larger break size, the faster coolant blow down. But, the siphon break holes could prevent the core from risk of dry out due to siphoning effect in case of pipe break. In case of beam tube rupture, the ECCS is able to delay the fuel temperature increased where the late actuation of the ECCS could delay longer. It could be concluded that the safety of the reactor is kept during LOCA throughout the duration time studied. However, to assure the integrity of the fuel for the long term, the cooling system after ECCS last should be considered. Keywords: safety analysis, LOCA, TRIGA, RELAP5 STUDI PARAMETRIK LOCA DI TRIGA-2000 MENGGUNAKAN RELAP5/SCDAP. Kecelakaan kehilangan air pendingin (LOCA) harus dianalisis untuk menjamin keselamatan suatu reaktor riset. Analisis LOCA dapat dilakukan menggunakan perhitungan best-estimate seperti RELAP5. Penelitian ini menekankan pada analisis LOCA di TRIGA-2000 akibat pecahnya pipa dan tabung berkas. Tujuan penelitian adalah memahami efek ukuran kebocoran dan waktu aktuasi sistem pendingin teras darurat (ECCS) pada sekuensi kejadian dan mengkaji keselamatan reaktor. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan program perhitungan RELAP/SCDAPSIM. Tiga ukuran kebocoran dan waktu aktuasi ECCS berbeda dipilih sebagai parameter dalam studi ini. Hasil perhitungan mengonfirmasi bahwa semakin besar ukuran kebocoran, semakin cepat pengosongan tangki reaktor. Lubang siphon breaker dapat mencegah air terkuras dalam hal kebocoran pada pipa. Sedang dalam hal kebocoran pada beam tube, ECCS mampu memperlambat kenaikan temperatur bahan bakar. Dari studi ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa keselamatan reaktor dapat terjaga pada kejadian LOCA, namun pendinginan jangka panjang perlu dipertimbangkan untuk menjaga integritas bahan bakar.Kata kunci: analisis keselamatan, LOCA, TRIGA, RELAP5

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Hamblin, John, Martin J. Barbetti, Katia Stefanova, Freda Blakeway, Jon Clements, Wallace Cowling, Yiming Guo, and Philip Nichols. "Crop breeding to break nexus between bee decline/food production?" Global Food Security 19 (December 2018): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2018.09.003.

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Li, Kuo Yi. "Application of TRIZ in the Innovation Design of Feeding Safety Apparatus of Hydraulic Press Brake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 487 (January 2014): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.487.357.

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The goal of the present research is to design a feeding safety apparatus of hydraulic press brake which can solve the problems of injuries of hands of operators while processing. The research method uses the contradiction matrix of TRIZ to find out the parameters which are to be improved and prevented from deteriorating and design a feeding safety apparatus with essential safety. The principle thereof is to use the driving lever and the supporting lever to generate synchronous movements; the operators do not need to extends both hands in the back of the press break mold, but can support the sheet metals in the front or the back of the press break mold; consequently, the injuries of both hands of the operators being pressed and clipped can be prevented.

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KUMAR, SAURABH, SUPRAKASH GUPTA, BEHZAD GHODRATI, and UDAY KUMAR. "AN APPROACH FOR RISK ASSESSMENT OF RAIL DEFECTS." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 17, no. 04 (August 2010): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539310003822.

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Rail defects appear in a greater variety and frequency due to higher axle loads and increasing traffic density in passenger and freight trains. Many of these rail defects, if left undetected, can develop into rail breaks, which may lead to train derailments. Reduction in the number of such catastrophic events requires huge investments on inspection and maintenance activities. Therefore proper maintenance planning and risk assessment is required to reduce the rail maintenance cost without compromising safety. In this paper, an approach has been developed for risk assessment of rail defects to support the decision-making process during scheduling of rail inspection and grinding frequency, based on the type of defect and its risk of occurring and developing into a rail break. The approach will help in increasing the safety of passengers and rolling stock as well as reducing the overall rail maintenance cost, as it helps in making effective decisions related to inspection frequency (i.e. resource allocation according to the need). The approach is presented with the aid of a case study from the Swedish National Rail Administration (Banverket). Both, quantitative and qualitative analysis technique has been used in this paper to assess the risk of occurrence of a rail defect and its development into a rail break.

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Takeda, Takeshi, Akira Ohnuki, Daisuke Kanamori, and Iwao Ohtsu. "ROSA/LSTF Tests and RELAP5 Posttest Analyses for PWR Safety System Using Steam Generator Secondary-Side Depressurization against Effects of Release of Nitrogen Gas Dissolved in Accumulator Water." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7481793.

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Two tests related to a new safety system for a pressurized water reactor were performed with the ROSA/LSTF (rig of safety assessment/large scale test facility). The tests simulated cold leg small-break loss-of-coolant accidents with 2-inch diameter break using an early steam generator (SG) secondary-side depressurization with or without release of nitrogen gas dissolved in accumulator (ACC) water. The SG depressurization was initiated by fully opening the depressurization valves in both SGs immediately after a safety injection signal. The pressure difference between the primary and SG secondary sides after the actuation of ACC system was larger in the test with the dissolved gas release than that in the test without the dissolved gas release. No core uncovery and heatup took place because of the ACC coolant injection and two-phase natural circulation. Long-term core cooling was ensured by the actuation of low-pressure injection system. The RELAP5 code predicted most of the overall trends of the major thermal-hydraulic responses after adjusting a break discharge coefficient for two-phase discharge flow under the assumption of releasing all the dissolved gas at the vessel upper plenum.

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Li, Su Min, Li Wei Yuan, Xiang Xin Li, Zi Fen He, and Jian Bo Xia. "Mud-Sand Flow Hazard Spatial Simulation and Analysis of Tailing Dam-Break under Different Preventive Measures." Materials Science Forum 980 (March 2020): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.980.469.

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It is an important precondition and basis for the design of tailings reservoir and its safety facilities by reasonably judging and estimating the mud-sand flow hazard due to dam-break. In this paper, the mud-sand flow hazard scope, extent and spatial state after dam-broken of heightened Mawuqing tailing dam were simulated and analyzed through a flood and debris flow numerical simulation approach, and the hazard risk grade of different spatial locations of downstream Xiaoqingkou(XQK) village was obtained from the simulation. Then the spatial simulation of sand flow hazard under different preventive measures was carried out, and the variation of hazard risk grade at different spatial locations in XQK was obtained. The result of spatial simulation and analysis has shown that if the retaining wall or detention dam is set at the edge of the village, the risk hazard of the village due to dam-break can be reduced after the tailing dam is heightened. At the same time, it can be concluded that to reduce dam break hazard the above local engineering measures are more effective than an overall engineering measures to control the mud-sand flow. The spatial simulation and analysis have provided the basis to make more reasonable engineering decision and protection measures for XQK after the reconstruction of the tailing dam, and also provided the technical support for tailing dam-break accident prevention, the safety management of tailing dam and the mine production safety.

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Nurmala Fatmawati, Kiki. "PROFIT PLANNING WITH BREAK EVEN POINT (BEP) METHOD." JOSAR (Journal of Students Academic Research) 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/josar.v1i01.618.

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The cultivation of oyster mushrooms belongs to Mr. Kantak is located on Jalan Sulawesi, Klampok Village, Sananwetan District, Blitar City. This business produces baglogs of white oyster mushroom growing media and sells its own mushrooms. The researcher focused on the cost of making baglog only. The purpose of the study was to find out (1) How big is the Break Even Point (BEP) as a Profit Planning Tool in the Making of Mr. Oyster Mushroom Planting Media Kantak (2) How much is the amount of margin of safety in business Making Oyster Mushroom growing media owned by Mr. Kantak (3) How big is the planning of profits obtained in the business of making an oyster mushroom growing media mr. Kantak. Through the calculation of the break-even point in the cultivation of oyster mushrooms can be easily used to calculate the sales volume, where the calculation can be used as a calculation tool to determine the desired profit. In this study using quantitative methods. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. From the results of interviews and observations made, researchers obtained the data needed to complete the data needed. Secondary data obtained in the form of organizational structure, history and business profile. The results of this study indicate that the sale of baglog sales is a minimum of 1,564 units with a break-even price for making baglog 4000 of Rp. 2,268 and in the making of baglogs which suffered 12% damage received a price of Rp. 2,200. In calculating the break-even point of making 4000 planting media obtained a safety point of 61%. So that the profit planning obtained in making 4000 planting media is Rp. 4,304,062 and in the case of the deduction of 12% damage received a profit plan of Rp. 4,488,566

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Kusumawardani, Astrin, and Muhammad Iqbal Alamsyah. "ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN BEP (BREAK EVEN POINT) DAN MARGIN OF SAFETY DALAM PENENTUAN HARGA JUAL PADA USAHA KECIL MENENGAH." Jurnal Ilmu Keuangan dan Perbankan (JIKA) 9, no. 2 (August 5, 2020): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/jika.v9i2.2911.

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Determination of Selling Price is very important for entrepreneurs to be able to obtain the profit they want by using the Break-Even Point (BEP) analysis so that it can be seen the principal return point where the point illustrates how a company is in a state of non-profit and no loss. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The study was conducted using Break-Even Point (BEP) analysis and Margin of Safety (MOS) determination of the selling price to get the profit expected by the SMEs. While the data used are primary data through observation and interviews, and secondary data in the form of financial statements of Boeds Cofee. As well as calculating and responding to the appropriateness of the selling price that will be carried out by the MSME. Based on the results of calculations through the BEP and MOS methods, the determination of the selling price is feasible to use. With MOS of 46%. Keywords: SMEs, Break-Even Point (BEP), Margin of Safety (MOS), Decision on Selling Price ABSTRAK Penentuan Harga Jual sangatlah penting bagi pengusaha agar dapat memperoleh laba yang diinginkannya dengan menggunakan analisis Break Even Point (BEP) maka akan dapat dilihat titik pulang pokok dimana titik tersebut menggambarkan bagaimana suatu perusahaan dalam keadaan tidak memperoleh laba dan tidak mengalami kerugian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis Break Even Point (BEP) dan Margin Of Savety (MOS) penentuan harga jual untuk mendapatkan laba yang diharapkan oleh UKM tersebut. Sedangkan data yang digunakan ialah data primer melalui observasi dan wawancara, dan data sekunder yang berupa laporan keuangan Boeds Cofee. Serta menghitung dan memberi tanggapan tentang kelayakan harga jual yangakan dilakukan oleh UMKM tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan melalui metode BEP dan MOS maka penetuan harga jual layak untuk digunakan. Dengan MOS sebesar 46%. Kata Kunci : UKM, Break Even Point (BEP), Margin Of Savety (MOS), Pengambilan Keputusan Harga Jual

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van Dongen, T. W. "Break it Down: An Alternative Approach to Measuring Effectiveness in Counterterrorism." Journal of Applied Security Research 6, no. 3 (July 2011): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2011.580264.

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Rachman, Delli Noviarti. "ANALISA PERHITUNGAN BREAK EVEN POINT (BEP) UNTUK PERUMAHAN GRAHA BUMI ENIM DI KOTA MUARA ENIM SUMATERA SELATAN." TEKNIKA: Jurnal Teknik 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35449/teknika.v3i2.44.

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Kebutuhan akan rumah merupakan kebutuhan dasar manusia. Karena sangat pentingnya pemenuhan kebutuhan akan perumahan dan permukiman, maka pemerintah telah mengaturnya dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 88 Tahun 2014 tentang Pembinaan Penyelenggaraan Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui identifikasi biaya yang diperhitungkan kemudian didapatkan titik impas serta keuntungan 2 tipe rumah dengan mengambil data pada Perumahan Bumi Graha Enim di Kota Muara Enim. Dari hasil analisa break even point dengan 3 metode perhitungan yang berbeda, didapatkan hasil untuk rumah tipe 36 mencapai titik impas pada Rp. Rp. 4.278.928.172,- (36 Unit) dan Tipe 38+ sebesar Rp.2.840.692.373 (18 unit). Berdasarkan hasil analisa break even point, maka diperoleh margin of safety nya berada pada posisi 64,00%, yang artinya developer pasti mendapatkan keuntungan walaupun waktu penjualannya cukup lama. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa membangun rumah dengan tipe 36, developer akan mendapatkan keuntungan yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan membangun rumah dengan tipe 38+. Kata kunci : Break Even Point, Margin of Safety, Developer.

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Chang, Yuan-Shang, and Ali Mosleh. "Probabilistic model of degradation of cable insulations in nuclear power plants." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 233, no. 5 (February 15, 2019): 803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x19827127.

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Possible degradation of cable insulations exposed to radiation and heat is a safety and operational concern for nuclear power plants, particularly in the context of a license extension for the operation beyond original 40-year design life. Ethylene propylene rubber and silicone rubber are two major materials for the cable insulation. Degradation decreases the elongation at break of the insulation, which may lead to the exposure of the metal core in the cable, causing potential safety issues. This article proposes a mechanistic predictive model for the elongation at break as a function of time, temperature, and radiation dose rate. In the proposed model, the elongation at break curve is divided into an incubation section and a drop-off section with two parameters. In contrast to traditional deterministic approaches, this model projects the expected lifespan of cable insulation in the form of a probability distribution. The article also provides a validation of the model behavior using published experimental data.

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Pluciński, Mateusz M., Calistus N. Ngonghala, and Matthew H. Bonds. "Health safety nets can break cycles of poverty and disease: a stochastic ecological model." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 65 (May 18, 2011): 1796–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0153.

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The persistence of extreme poverty is increasingly attributed to dynamic interactions between biophysical processes and economics, though there remains a dearth of integrated theoretical frameworks that can inform policy. Here, we present a stochastic model of disease-driven poverty traps. Whereas deterministic models can result in poverty traps that can only be broken by substantial external changes to the initial conditions, in the stochastic model there is always some probability that a population will leave or enter a poverty trap. We show that a ‘safety net’, defined as an externally enforced minimum level of health or economic conditions, can guarantee ultimate escape from a poverty trap, even if the safety net is set within the basin of attraction of the poverty trap, and even if the safety net is only in the form of a public health measure. Whereas the deterministic model implies that small improvements in initial conditions near the poverty-trap equilibrium are futile, the stochastic model suggests that the impact of changes in the location of the safety net on the rate of development may be strongest near the poverty-trap equilibrium.

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Neises, Glenn J., and Terry J. Garrett. "Steam Line Break Analysis Comparison to the Wolf Creek Updated Safety Analysis Report." Nuclear Technology 93, no. 1 (January 1991): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt91-a34515.

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Borodin, N., A. Knyazev, and D. Nebolsin. "Dynamik load caused by work break safety clutch at different place its installati." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 3, no. 2 (March 17, 2015): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/10007.

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Kovalev, D., A. Sudakov, M. Krivosheev, C. Gordon, and L. Topilski. "Perspective for applying the leak before break safety concept to fusion facility piping." Plasma Devices and Operations 12, no. 3 (September 2004): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1051999042000237979.

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Kiselev, V. A., and E. Yu Rivkin. "Application of the leak-before-break concept in nuclear power plant safety analysis." Atomic Energy 75, no. 6 (December 1993): 918–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00760572.

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Chen, Congcong, and Bo Ma. "Risk evaluation of tailings dam-break based on the extension matter-element model." E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 01056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125301056.

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As one of the most concerned risk sources of mining enterprises, the safety and stability of the tailings storage facility (TSF) is closely connected to the operating activity, surrounding ecological environment, and residents' lives safety and properties safety. In order to evaluate the risk of the tailings dam break, the extension matter-element model has been applied in the work. First, the risk evaluation indicator system was established, included 3 levels, 4 criteria and 17 individual indicators. Next, the weight of each indicator was computed by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Then, the classical field, controlled field and closeness function within the extension matter-element model were determined considering the TSF height and volume, and the principle of the maximum membership degree has been improved by the closeness. Finally, a case study was illustrated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. The result indicated that the target TSF operated at a relatively lower risk level, which accurately reflected the real operating situation. This work can provide a reasonable reference for dam break risk evaluation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Safety break'

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