Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Safety and Stability'
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Kelley, David Frederick. "Safety and stability in concrete barrel shell roof structures." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26232.
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Klüh, Ulrich [Verfasser]. "Financial Safety Net Design and Systemic Stability / Ulrich Klüh." Aachen : Shaker, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1166508323/34.
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Saydan, Deniz. "Damage stability of ships as a safety criterion for optimisation tools." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/142587/.
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A literature overview of past optimisation studies revealed that whilst satisfaction of intact stability requirements has been built into existing alternative hull form optimisation packages, seeking improved hydrodynamic hull forms in terms of seakeeping, calm water resistance and added resistance, damage stability is not an automated feature. Within the context of the hydrodynamic hull form optimisation techniques their application to novel hull forms would only permit use of deterministic damage stability analysis and as this is not straight-forward damage is applied after the hull is optimised. The damage must be relevant to ship type and applied in appropriate locations with sensible extents of damage. To fulfil this need both the Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) damage data base and a damage data base generated by Lutzen (2002) are interrogated and findings are reported. The hydrodynamic analysis of the optimised hull and basis hull for the intact and damage cases is thereafter carried out using a three-dimensional singularity distribution method. The relative vertical motion responses of both intact and damaged hull forms are determined with greater structural cross-coupling than is usually applied in the solution of the equations of ship motions. This has necessitated the development of a novel approach to implement the calculation of the pure and product moment of inertias for the intact and damaged hull forms to facilitate meaningful comparison of intact and damaged ship motions. The processes are equally applicable to any kind of ship.
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Schlehuber-Caissier, Philipp. "Contributions to robotic control design with formal safety and stability guarantees." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS346.
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L’une des problématiques les plus importantes en robotique, ou dans un sens large pour tous les systèmes cyber-physiques, est celle de la sûreté. Pour assurer celle-ci il faut garantir que certains événements ou états ne peuvent jamais arriver en considérant toutes les circonstances possible. On cherche donc à synthétiser automatiquement des lois de commande pour des systèmes cyber-physiques qui garantissent certaines propriétés définies auparavant. Pour y arriver j’explore dans ma thèse des approches mixtes tissant un lien entre les méthodes formelles, notamment la théorie des automates temporisés et la commande supervisée, d’une part et la robotique et ses méthodes numériques basées sur l’optimisation d’autre part. Concrètement mes travaux sont axés autour de trois sujets majeurs complémentaires: 1) Utilisation du formalisme des automates temporisées avec une abstraction du système cyber-physique pour synthétiser des lois de commande formellement prouvées 2) Stabilité des systèmes dynamiques 3) Apprentissage par démonstration avec des garanties de stabilitéOne of the key issues for robotic applications, or in a larger sense for all cyber-physical systems, is safety. Safety can have different implications depending on the field of work and the system concerned. However a very broad definition of safety can be given as ensuring that certain states or events never occur or that the consequences resulting from such unsafe events are bounded to an acceptable level, no matter the circumstances. In this thesis an active type of safety is pursued, strengthening the constraints on the control strategy. The goal is to provide means to automatically generate control strategies that provide formal, model-based guarantees that no undesired states or events occur, considering all possible circumstances. To this end, I seek to combione formal model checking techniques, specifically the theory of timed automata and supervised control, and robotic control strategies based on numerical optimization. This work is centred around three different but interconnected research topics: 1) Control law synthesis via timed automata abstraction 2) Stabilizability of dynamical systems 3) Learning stable vector fields from demonstration
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Pargač, Martin. "Zajištění hlubokého zářezu v sesuvné oblasti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226336.
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The thesis called Securing of Deep Cut in Slide Area focuses on the basic analysis of the problems connected to landslides and securing of the slopes. It also presents a solution of a certain problem, where the slope stability, potencional landslide launchers and subsequent remediaton are discussed.
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Kang, Xu. "Supramolecular modification of commonly used photoactive drugs regarding their photochemistry, stability, and safety." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1626456443488287.
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Lange, David. "Risk and performance based fire safety design of steel and composite structures." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3159.
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For the development of performance based design on a proper scientific basis the use of the concept of risk is inevitable. However, the application of this concept to actual structural design is not simple because of the large ranges of probability and consequences of events which exist. This is compounded by a plethora of different actions that can be taken to reduce the probabilities of the events and also the magnitude of the consequences. It is the reduction in the magnitude of these consequences which is essentially the goal of design. This work aims to address the challenges posed by the application of the concepts of performance based design for structures in fire. Simple methodologies have been developed for the assessment of the consequences of an extreme event. These methodologies are based upon fundamental behaviour of structures in fire. A methodology has been developed which can be used to assess the capacity/deflection behaviour through the complete thermal deflection of floor slabs. This takes into account positive effects on the capacity of floor slabs of the membrane stress at the slabs boundaries at low deflections as well as the final capacity provided by the tensile membrane action of the reinforcement mesh at high deflections. For vertical stability of structures in fire, analytical equations to describe the behaviour of floor systems at the perimeter of a building are developed. From these equations, the resulting pull-in forces on external columns can be calculated as well as the resulting horizontal load applied to the column. From this, a simple stability assessment is proposed which can be used to assess the consequences of multiple floor fires on tall buildings. These analytical methodologies are brought together in a risk based frame- work for structural design which can be used to identify areas in a building or structural components which pose a high residual risk. These elements can be qualitatively ’ranked’ according to their relative risk and appropriate measures taken to reduce the risk to an acceptable level. The framework is illustrated via 2 case studies. The first is of a typical small office building, and the second is of a prestige office development.
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Oztop, Celal. "Beforehand Obtaining A Safety Operation Condition By Using Daily Load Curves In Transient Stability And Graphical Software For Transient Stability Applications." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606457/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
In this thesis, relationship between two most important transient stability indices, critical clearing time and generator rotor angle is examined for one machine-infinite bus system and then extended to the multimachine case and is observed to be linear.
By using the linear relationship between critical clearing time and generator rotor angle and utilizing the daily load curve, a new preventive method is proposed. The aim of this method is to make all critical clearing times longer than the relay and circuit breaker combination operation time. In the proposed method, desired critical clearing times are obtained by using on line system data and daily load curves. Then desired values are adjusted by generators output rescheduling and terminals voltage control
Visual computer language is used for graphical and numerical solutions. Comprehension of one machine infinite bus system and multimachine system transient stability become easier.
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Bramsäter, Jenny. "Closure of Lilla Bredsjön Tailings Dam : an Evaluation of the Long-Term Dam Safety Measures." Thesis, KTH, Vattendragsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210320.
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The mining industry contributes to enormous amounts of waste all over the world, which places high demands on tailings dams. In Sweden, there are strict regulations regarding the management and treatment of tailings dams, but some dams that were built before these regulations existed still pose a threat to the environment. Lilla Bredsjön in Dalarna, Sweden, is an example of an old tailings dam that has not been treated properly. Boliden, which is the owner of the dam, and the county board of Dalarna are currently in meetings regarding the responsibilities of old polluted sites in Garpenberg, where Lilla Bredsjön is included. This study aims to investigate possible remediation measures of the dams at Lilla Bredsjön in order to achieve long- term stability upon closure of the facility. Lilla Bredsjön is 350 000 m2 large and contains three impoundments; dam 1 to the east, dam 2 to the south and dam 3 to the north. Dam 1 is seven meters at its highest point whereas dam 2 and 3 both are three meters high. All of the dams are classified to a consequence level of 3, meaning that the consequences in case of a failure would be negligible. They are built using the centerline method with impermeable cores of moraine. The tailings are partly covered with sludge mixed with biomass ash, but no proper closure method have been implemented. A geotechnical investigation was conducted to obtain more information about the geometry, construction and foundation of each dam. It could be observed that dam 1 consisted of a moraine core and support fill, both constructed using the Christmas tree principle. Dam 2 consisted of a coarse and fine filter in the upstream part of the dam, whereas the rest of the dam consisted of a moraine core. Dam 3 consisted of tailings and a moraine core, and was like dam 1 also constructed using the Christmas tree principle. The downstream slopes of all dams are moreover very steep with slope angles of approximately 34o. Seepage and stability calculations were therefore performed in the software GeoStudio. In GeoStudio, two different analysis tools were used; SEEP/W to calculate seepage and SLOPE/W to calculate slope stability. Four hydraulic load cases were analyzed in the calculations: present conditions, flooded conditions, potential maximum seepage and present conditions with lower permeability of the tailings. The result shows that all of the dams are unstable in their present con- ditions, both with original and lower permeability of the tailings, as well as at flooded conditions. The required safety factor is however fulfilled at potential maximum seepage. The stability highly depends on the pore pressure inside the dams, which in turn depends on the choice of closure method. Based on the result from the stability calculations it can be concluded that if a dry cover is chosen as the closure method, it will probably be enough to reinforce the existing dams to achieve long-term stability. If, on the other hand, a raised groundwater level is chosen, more extensive solutions in terms of for example completely new impoundments directly downstream of the existing ones are most likely needed. Before a decision regarding the closure method is taken, it is hence very difficult to come to a conclusion regarding suitable remediation measures of the dams.Gruvindustrin bidrar med enorma mängder avfall över hela världen, vilket ställer höga krav på gruvdammar. I Sverige finns det strikta förordningar gällande hanteringen och efterbehandlingen av gruvdammar, men en del dammar som byggdes innan dessa förordningar existerade utgör fortfarande ett hot mot miljön. Lilla Bredsjön i Dalarna är ett exempel på en gammal gruvdamm som inte blivit efterbehandlad tillräckligt. Boliden, som äger dammen, har möten med Länsstyelssen Dalarna angående ansvarsförhållanden gällande gamla förorenade områden i Garpenberg där även Lilla Bredsjön ingår. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka möjliga efterbehandlingsmetoder av dammarna vid Lilla Bredsjön för att uppnå långtidsstabilitet i samband med nedläggning av anläggningen. Lilla Bredsjön är 350 000 m2 stor och består av tre uppdämningar; damm 1 i öst, damm 2 i söder och damm 3 i norr. Damm 1 är sju meter som högst medan damm 2 och 3 båda är tre meter höga. Samtliga dammar är klassificerade till konsekvensklass 3, vilket betyder att konsekvenserna i händelse av ett dammbrott är försumbara. Dammarna är byggda med uppåtmetoden och har tätkärnor av morän. Magasinet är delvis täckt med slam utblandat med biobränsleaska, men ingen riktig efterbehandling har utförts. En geoteknisk undersökning genomfördes för att erhålla mer information om geometrin, konstruktionen och grundläggningen av varje damm. Det observerades att damm 1 består av en tätkärna av morän samt stödfyllning som båda konstruerades med julgransprincipen. Damm 2 består av ett grov- och finfilter i uppströmsdelen av dammen medan resten av dammen består av en tätkärna av morän. Damm 3 består av anrikningssand och en tätkärna av morän, och var liksom damm 1 konstruerad med julgransprincipen. Nedströmsslänterna på alla dammar är väldigt branta med en vinkel på ungefär 34o. Genomströmnings- och stabilitetsberäkningar genomfördes därför i programmet GeoStudio. I GeoStudio användes två olika verktyg; SEEP/W för att beräkna genomströmning och SLOPE/W för att beräkna släntstabilitet. Fyra olika hydrauliska belastningsfall analyserades i beräkningarna: normalfallet, överdämning, dimensionerat läckage och normalfallet med lägre permeabilitet på anrikningssanden. Resultatet visar på att samtliga dammar är instabila i deras nuvarande skick, beräknat på normalfallet med både ursprunglig och lägre permeabilitet på anrikningssanden, samt vid överdämning. Den erforderliga säkerhetsfaktorn är däremot uppfylld vid dimensionerat läckage. Stabiliteten är starkt beroende av portrycket inuti dammarna, vilket i sin tur är beroende av vilken efterbehandlingsmetod som väljs för magasinet. Baserat på resultatet från stabilitetsberäkningarna kan det konstateras att om torrtäckning väljs som efterbehandlingsmetod så räcker det förmodligen med att förstärka nuvarande dammar för att uppnå långtidsstabilitet. Om, å andra sidan, en förhöjd grundvattennivå väljs behövs med största sannolikhet en mer omfattande lösning, till exempel helt nya dammar direkt nedströms de nuvarande. Innan ett beslut gällande efterbehandlingsmetod av magasinet har tagits är det alltså väldigt svårt att dra en slutsats gällande den mest lämpliga efterbehandlingsmetoden av dammarna.
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Deakins, Eric. "Prediction of the risk of capsize of small ships." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2343.
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The lack of a necessary rational framework for assessing ship stability was the main concern of this research. The aim was to develop a rational philosophy and a logical procedure of assessing intact stability in order to ensure a consistent and unified approach to design for operation and for survival. The method uniquely brings together a linearised analysis for assessing a potentially dangerous roll motion with a probabilistic assessment of ship performance in rough seas on a standard test-track. This represents a significant advance on previous research. A novel feature of the analysis was that prediction of the extreme capsize roll motion was not attempted per se. Instead a reduced level of roll response termed "potentially dangerous" roll motion was selected (based on discussions with seagoing personnel) beyond which there was evidence that loss of the vessel is likely. Validation of the linear spectral analysis used in the simulations was performed using full scale trial results of a fisheries protection vessel. Provided that measured values of roll damping coefficient were used, the predicted values of extreme roll closely matched the maximum values experienced on sea trials up to the chosen value of critical roll angle of 30 degrees. Particular attention was paid to the realistic modelling of total system behaviour in rough seas. Families of wave spectra were used to represent the complete range of wave conditions encountered in nature. Avoidance and pacifying seamanship were incorporated based on the results of available trials data and discussions with serving masters. Independent (Bernoulli) trials procedures were used to calculate the cumulative probability of a critical roll motion being exceeded at least once during the vessel's passage through the test-track. The value of critical motion exceedance obtained was 5x10ˉ² for the fisheries protection vessel which has a large metacentic height and is reported to have good seakeeping characteristics.
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Shea, Thomas Michael. "Localized Expansion of Pedicle Screws for Increased Stability and Safety in the Osteoporotic Spine." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5308.
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When a patient is diagnosed with various spinal injuries, deformities, or advanced degeneration, it is commonly suggested that he/she undergoes surgery for spinal fusion. Most current procedures in spinal fusion restrict mobility in one or multiple levels of the spine so that, over time, new bone will grow between the levels creating a single motionless unit of bone. The bilateral pedicle screw system (BPSS) has long been considered to be the "gold standard" in spinal fusion. However, for patients with osteoporosis, adequate fixation within the bone-screw interface has continuously been difficult to achieve or has come with high risk of other forms of catastrophic damage. Reflecting this, a new pedicle screw design was developed and evaluated against current standard pedicle screws commonly used in spinal surgery. All screw designs were also tested with a common cement augmentation technique surrounding the circumference of the screw. All tests measured pullout strength, stiffness, energy to failure, toughness, and the amount of destruction to the surrounding synthetic bone. While the newly designed pedicle screw failed to produce significantly stronger pullout forces in comparison to the standard screws, it did show evidence of a longer lasting residual axial resistance and a safer mode of failure than the standard screw, hinting that the design may benefit individuals who experience screw pullout and are awaiting reinstrumentation.
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Fekadu, Robel Tekeste, and Sujata Kayastha. "Safety Assessment of Cracked Buttress Dams." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284527.
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Most of the concrete buttress dams in Sweden were built from the 1950s till the1980s based on the traditional method of analyses. Those structures are reinforced and heavy in structure. Their height to thickness ratio being large makes them prone to crack during their lifespan. The presence of these cracks make the reinforcements used in the buttress dam susceptible to corrosion due to the water entering through the cracked areas. Therefore, studying the effect of cracks and corrosion regarding the safety of dams is important and should be carried out before the dams fail to function. However, only limited researches have been conducted to address these issues. The main goal of this project is to evaluate if the traditional method of analysis were sufficient to capture the failure modes of the dam before and after the occurrence of cracks and corrosion of the reinforcement. In the traditional method, the analytical stability calculations for the factor of safety of sliding and overturning are computed separately. However, in reality, those two failure modes do not occur separately but in combined mode. Therefore, to study this matter, two case studies were considered. In these studies, both finite element analysis (FEA) and analytical calculations were performed to investigate the failure modes. Moreover, this project assesses the influence of cracks and corrosion of reinforcements in the factor of safety. And, the software that was used to carry out the FE analyses were COMSOL and Abaqus. And alongside to FE software, MATLAB was used to carry out the analytical calculations. The results from the analyses showed that the combined failure modes in FE-analyses were the mode of failure of the buttress dams in all cases. Therefore, the analytical calculations were not sufficient to capture the failure modes. Furthermore, the reinforcements that were incorporated in the dam were observed to have a significant effect on the factor of safety depending on the patterns of the cracks. Similarly, the corrosion of the reinforcement had severe effects on the factor of safety based on the crack patterns. Based on the findings from the project, the combined failure mode from FE analysis the governing failure mode, and therefore, traditional analytical methods should be carried out to help evaluate those FE analyses but not to capture the actual failure modes. Besides, the incorporated reinforcements and their corrosion had notable influences on the safety factor of dams which should be investigated carefully.De flesta betonglamelldammar i Sverige byggdes under 1950 - 80-talet baserat påden traditionella analysmetoden. Dessa strukturer är armerade och tunga. Derashöjd-tjocklek förhållande är stor nog för att de ska vara benägna att spricka underderas livstid. Uppkomsten av dessa sprickor utsätter armeringen i lamelldammar förkorrosion på grund av att vattnet tränger in genom dessas sprickor. Därför är detytterst viktigt att studera effekter av sprickor och medföljande korrosion avseendedammsäkerhet och bör utföras innan dammarna är ur funktion. Trots vikten avdetta problem, har endast begränsade studier genmfört för att hantera dessa frågor.Huvudmålet med detta examensarbete är att utvärdera den traditionellaanalysmetodens kapacitet att fånga dammens brottillstånd före och efteruppkomsten av sprickor och armeringskorrosion. I den traditionella metoden utförsde analytiska stabilitetsberäkningar av säkerhetsfaktorn för glidning och stjälpningseparat. Men i verkligheten förekommer inte dessa två fenomen separat utan ikombinerat form. För att studera detta fenomen beaktades därför två fallstudier. Ibåda fallen utfördes finita element metod (FEM) och analytiska beräkningar föratt utvärdera brottillstånd. Dessutom utvärderas påverkan av sprickor ocharmeringskorrosion på säkerhetsfaktorn. Programvaran som användes för attutföra FE-analyserna var COMSOL och ABAQUS. Analytiska beräkningarutfördes i MATLAB.Resultaten från analyserna visade att ett kombinerat brottillstånd uppstod iFE-analyserna av lamelldammarna i samtliga studerade fall. Därmed är de utfördaanalytiska beräkningar inte tillräckliga för att fånga brottillståndet. Vidareobserverades att armeringar hade betydande inverkan på säkerhetsfaktornberoende på sprickmönstren. På liknande sätt hade armeringskorrosion signifikantinverkan på säkerhetsfaktorn beroende på sprickmönstren.Utifrån resultatet av FE-analyserna kan man konstatera att den kombineradebrottmoden var det avgörande brottillståndet, och därför bör traditionellaanalysmetoder utföras för att stödja utvärderingen av dessa FE-analyser men inteför att erhålla de faktiska brottillstånd. Dessutom, det kunde observeras attarmering och armeringskorrosion har betydande påverkan på säkerhetsfaktorn avdammar och bör undersökas noggrant.
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Albataineh, Nermeen. "SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS USING 2D AND 3D METHODS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1153719372.
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Wickstrom, Nell E. "Effect of Chronic Hyperthermia in Firefighters on Cognitive Function and Postural Stability." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1563873405010639.
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CRUZ, LUIS FERNANDO CHAHUA. "DETERMINATION OF SAFETY FACTOR IN SLOPE STABILITY USING LIMIT ANALYSIS AND SECOND ORDER CONIC PROGRAMMING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35625@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
BOLSA NOTA 10
O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo mostrar a aplicabilidade prática da análise limite pelo método de elementos finitos na avaliação de problemas de estabilidade de talude, sendo este colocado como um problema de programação matemática, no qual se precisa realizar um processo de otimização para a solução do problema. Apresenta-se um método para obter a solução do problema de estabilidade de taludes utilizando para isso a programação matemática, e fazendo ênfase na utilidade da programação cônica da segunda ordem (SOCP). Inicialmente faz uma revisão das formulações da análise limite, via o método de elementos finitos, encontradas na literatura existente. A seguir é descrita a formulação da análise limite numérica partindo do principio do trabalho virtual para sua formulação, e utilizando a ferramenta dos elementos finitos para realizar a implementação numérica. São propostas diferentes formas de trabalhar com o critério de resistência do material, sendo a de melhor desempenho, em termos de tempo de processamento a forma cônica quadrática que permite acoplar a programação cônica da segunda ordem (SOCP) na ferramenta numérica. É acoplada a técnica da redução dos parâmetros de resistência do material com a finalidade de encontrar o fator de segurança da estrutura do talude (FS). Finalmente são apresentados exemplos de validação e aplicação, os quais permitem visualizar a eficiência da ferramenta desenvolvida em termos de tempo de processamento ao utilizar a programação cônica da segunda ordem (SOCP). Os resultados sugerem viabilidade da utilização da técnica estudada na solução de problemas relacionada à estabilidade de taludes.
The main objective of this work is to show the practical applicability of limit analysis by finite element method in the evaluation of slope stability problems, and this placed as a mathematical programming problem, which you need to perform an optimization process to solve the problem. We present a method to obtain the solution of the problem of slope stability using for this mathematical programming, and making emphasis on the usefulness of the second order conic programming (SOCP). Initially, a review of formulations Limit Analysis via Finite Element Method, found in the existing literature. Then is described the Numerical Limit Analysis formulation starting from virtual work principle their formulation, and using Finite Element Method as a tool to carry out the numerical implementation. We propose different ways of working with the yield criterion of the material, being the best performing in terms of processing time the conic quadratic form that allows to coupling to the second order conic programming (SOCP) in numerical implementation. It is coupled to the technique of reducing the strength parameters of the material in order to find the safety factor of the slope of the structure (FS). Finally, examples are presented for validation and application, which allow you to view the efficiency of the developed implementation in terms of processing time with the use of second order conic programming (SOCP). The results suggest the feasibility of using the technique studied in the solution of problems related to Slope Stability.
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Zhang, Le-Le. "Increasing the road safety of e-bike : design of protective shells based on stability criteria." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41253/.
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China currently occupies the world’s leading Electric bicycle (e-bike) market. However, the popularity of e-bikes is accompanied by massive numbers of injuries and deaths due to accidents involving e-bikes. As a result, the safety of e-bikes has recently received much attention from the public and the government and researchers have concentrated on improving the safety features of e-bikes with innovative technologies. It has been shown that well-designed protective shells can protect a driver involved in an e-bike accident. However, there is a lack of criteria on which to base the design of an effective protective shell for e-bikes. Therefore, this research focuses on the development of a design criterion based on the specific case of Roly-Poly stability. This stability criterion can be formulated for one curved surface as r > h, which is in a stable stability configuration - one of a number of static stability configurations. In this study, static stabilities are configured based on knowledge of potential energy (PE). In order to verify the design criteria, three types of protective shells are designed with different stability conditions. The first type follows the design criterion (r > h), while the remaining two do not (r = h and r < h). A finite element model of an e-bike is constructed with key components, such as the main frame, CoM (the position of which is obtained by a plumb line experiment), and the designed protective shells. The meshed models are produced and employed to determine the contact parameters using the frictionless penalty method. The corresponding results of sideways falling simulation successfully demonstrate the validity of the design criterion.
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Ebeling, Robert M. "Methods of evaluating the stability and safety of gravity earth retaining structures founded on rock." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54351.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the procedures employed in the conventional equilibrium method of analysis of gravity-earth-retaining structures founded on rock, using the finite element method of analysis. This study was initiated because a number of existing large retaining structures at various navigation lock sites in the United States that show no signs of instability or substandard performance have been found not to meet the criteria currently used for design of new structures.
The results of following load analyses show that when the loss of contact along the base of a wall is modeled in the finite element analysis, the calculated values of effective base contact area and maximum contact pressure are somewhat larger than those calculated using conventional equilibrium analyses. The values of the mobilized base friction angle calculated using both methods are in precise agreement.
Comparisons between the results of backfill placement analyses using the finite element method and the conventional equilibrium analyses indicate that conventional analyses are very conservative. The finite element analyses indicate that the backfill exerts downward shear loads on the backs of retaining walls. These shear forces have a very important stabilizing effect on the walls. Expressed in terms of a vertical shear stress coefficient (Kᵥ - rxy/σᵥ), this shear loading was found to range in value from 0.09 to 0.21, depending on the geometrical features and the values of the material parameters involved in the problem.
Another important factor not considered in the conventional equilibrium method is that the displacements of the wall have a significant influence on the distribution of both the stabilizing and destabilizing forces exerted on the wall. In general, as the wall moves away from the backfill, the lateral forces exerted on the wall by the backfill decrease, and the lateral forces exerted on the front of the wall by the toe fill increase.Ph. D.
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Gadde, Murali Mohan. "Effect of in-situ stresses on the stability of coal mine development workings." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3065.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 130 p. : ill. (some col.), map (part col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-130).
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Standen, Paul. "Towed vehicle aerodynamics." Thesis, University of Bath, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311175.
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Faty, Moustapha. "La Politique de sécurité et de stabilité au Maghreb." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMD001/document.
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Sujet : La sécurité et la stabilité au Maghreb. Le Maghreb est une zone porteuse d’un ensemble de contradictions, de fractures politiques, idéologiques, ainsi que des systèmes économiques et de sécurité différents. Tous ces éléments sont des sources de tensions, de crises ou de conflits qui montrent combien le Maghreb reste une région extrêmement fragile et vulnérable. Elle est aussi une zone depuis longtemps englué dans des conflits les plus féroces. L’insoluble problème du Sahara occidental entre l’Algérie et le Maroc, le conflit entre le Maroco-espagne (les enclaves de Septa et M’Lila) constituent des embûches difficiles à surmonter.Les questions de la sécurité et de la stabilité au Maghreb se posent en termes d’indivisibilité. La globalité du problème s’affirme depuis l’indépendance des pays de la région. Les aspects militaires, économiques, démographiques, culturels religieux et politiques s’avèrent être fortement imbriqués. Le renforcement de la sécurité et de la stabilité dans cette zone apparaît comme une option stratégique majeure dans laquelle doivent s’engager tous les pays maghrébins méditerranéens et les acteurs internationauxAbstractMaghreb is porter zone of a number of contradictions, political, ideological fractures, even the economic and different security systems. All of these elements are of pressure or crises and conflicts that show the Maghreb remain an extremely weak and vulnerable region. It is also an area which fall in fiercest conflicts for since a long time ago, the insoluble problems of western Sahara, tensions between Algeria and Morocco, conflict between Morocco and Spain (the enclaves of Septa and M'Lila). As for as of a number of subjects that constitute a difficult trap to master.The question of security and the stability of Maghreb lay down in terms of indivisibility .the global problem affirmed since the independence of the nations of the region. The military aspects, economic, demographic, cultural, religions, and politic are strongly inter-related. The reinforcement of the security and the stability in this area appears a major strategic option in which must engage all Mediterranean Maghreb countries and international actors
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Hajda, Jindřich. "Výpočet stability svahů hrází malých vodních nádrží." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265266.
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There are approximately 20 000 small dams in the Czech Republic. This number entails many ponds or small flood attenuation reservoirs, which provide protection against floods. We do not know much about the structure and material properties of these earth dikes. Concerning the small dam stability the current technical standard ČSN 75 2410 focuses foremost on the angle of both the upstream and downstream slopes in case of different materials, and the method of the stability assessment in case of a dam height being 6m or more. Most of these earth dikes are still standing in spite not being built according to any technical standards. They do not follow any standards mostly because they were built before the modern technical standards were published. This diploma thesis focuses on assigning the degree of a reserve in the safety factor for studies of 5 homogeneous earth dikes and 3 inhomogeneous earth dikes. The calculation was done using the Plaxis 2D software using to the shear strength reduction method. The Calculation of the safety degree is made for 4 typical load cases.
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Vant, J. H. B. "Offshore oil : The influence of recruitment, selection and placement on employer attitudes, stability and accident rates in drilling companies." Thesis, Brunel University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381159.
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COZZI, ARIANNA CECILIA. "Technological strategies and pharmacoeconomic remarks in the prevention of photoinduced damages: product stability, efficacy and safety." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1251367.
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COZZI, ARIANNA CECILIA. "Technological strategies and pharmacoeconomic remarks in the prevention of photoinduced damages: product stability, efficacy and safety." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1251387.
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COZZI, ARIANNA CECILIA. "Technological strategies and pharmacoeconomic remarks in the prevention of photoinduced damages: product stability, efficacy and safety." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1251407.
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Naidoo, Kumendrie. "Considerations for stope gully stability in gold and platinum mines in South Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11302005-123445/.
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Hossain, Md M. "Stability analysis of anchored rock slopes against plane failure subjected to surcharge and seismic loads." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2011. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/139.
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The stability analysis of rock slopes has been a challenging task for engineers
because the rock mass constituting the slope often has discontinuities in various
forms, resulting in different types of slope failures. The plane failure is one of the
rock slope failures observed in field situations when the discontinuity is in the form
of joint planes. There are several parameters including surcharge and seismic loads
that govern the stability of the rock slope against plane failure in field projects. The
limit equilibrium approach for the estimation of the factor of safety of the rock slope
against plane failure has been well accepted by the engineers in the past. Very
recently, attempts have been made to present analytical expressions for the factor of
safety of the of the rock slopes against plane failure, which are not in a generalised
form because they do incorporate most field parameters. Therefore, in the present
work, the analytical expression for the factor of safety of a single-directional
anchored rock slope (SDARS) is derived, along with a discussion of its special cases
in view of different practical situations. Parametric studies and design charts for the
stability of the SDARS are presented, and an illustrative example is included to
explain the calculation steps for the factor of safety. In order to investigate the effect
of multi-directional rock anchors on the factor of safety, an analytical expression for
a multi-directional anchored rock slope (MDARS) is also presented.
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Ekr, Jan. "Numerické modely pro posuzování stability zemního svahu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225631.
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The master’s thesis deals with numerical patterns for evaluation of the stability slopes. Solutions have been made with finite element method for different design situations with using programme system ANSYS. The results were compared with conventional approaches determining of the slope safety factor.
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Hernandez-Villanueva, Alfredo Ausencio 1958. "Slope stability of the Pit Number One, El Encino mine, southern Jalisco, Mexico." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276619.
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Experimental and analytical investigations were conducted to evaluate the overall stability for the final slope of the Pit Number One at El Encino mine, an iron ore property in Jalisco, Mexico. Shear strength of the intact rock and fractures was estimated from laboratory tests and back-analyses of previous slope failures. Back-analysis estimates were found to be more appropriate to represent the shear strength of fractures. Equal-area stereoplots were used to analyze geological structure data to differentiate structural domains with similar structural characteristics within the final slope. A kinematic analysis was performed for each structural domain using average joint set orientations and major discontinuities projected onto the final slope. The final pit walls were found to be stable, except for a 36,000 ton wedge and a 12,000 ton plane shear slide. These geometries and other potentially unstable areas were analyzed, and control measures and additional work suggested.
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Janík, Michal. "Návrh sanace sesuvu Nedašova Lhota." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225518.
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The thesis called The Design of Nedašova Lhota Landslide Securing concentrates on the basic analysis of the problems connected with landslides and safety factors needed for the slopes stability. At the same time it presents a concrete solution to the given practical task, where the slope stability, the causes leading to the landslide and the subsequent redevelopment in view of financial requirements are discussed.
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Betlach, František. "Studie napjatosti a přetvoření zděné přehrady." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240016.
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The Diploma thesis deals with the assessment of global and local stability of the masonry gravity dam Pastviny, for two load conditions. The first part consists of a present state review describing selected masonry dams in the Czech Republic and abroad. Further on a conceptual and mathematical formulation of the seepage flow and strain-stress problem are stated. The case study is focused on the practical application of formulated problems on the Pastviny dam. Firstly the available data have been assembled and processed. Global and local safety of the dam was assessed for the selected most vulnerable profile of the dam body. In the final chapters 5, 6 and 7, the seepage flow, stress and strain have been calculated and graphically displayed. Finally global and local stability have been assessed and completed with final summary of the results and concluding remarks.
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Li, An-Jui. "Two and three dimensional stability analyses for soil and rock slopes." University of Western Australia. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0016.
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Slope stability assessments are classical problems for geotechnical engineers. The predictions of slope stability in soil or rock masses play an important role when designing for dams, roads, tunnels, excavations, open pit mines and other engineering structures. Stability charts continue to be used by engineers as preliminary design tools and by educators for training purposes. However, the majority of the existing chart solutions assume the slope problem is semi-infinite (plane-strain) in length. It is commonly believed that this assumption is conservative for design, but non-conservative when a back-analysis is performed. In order to obtain a more economical design or more precise parameters from a back-analysis, it is therefore important to quantify three dimensional boundary effects on slope stability. A significant aim of this research is to look more closely at the effect of three dimensions when predicting slope stability. In engineering practice, the limit equilibrium method (LEM) is the most popular approach for estimating the slope stability. It is well known that the solution obtained from the limit equilibrium method is not rigorous, because neither static nor kinematic admissibility conditions are satisfied. In addition, assumptions are made regarding inter slice forces for a two dimensional case and inter-column forces for a three dimensional case in order to find a solution. Therefore, a number of more theoretically rigorous numerical methods have been used in this research when studying 2D and 3D slope problems. In this thesis, the results of a comprehensive numerical study into the failure mechanisms of soil and rock slopes are presented. Consideration is given to the wide range of parameters that influence slope stability. The aim of this research is to better understand slope failure mechanisms and to develop rigorous stability solutions that can be used by design engineers. The study is unique in that two distinctly different numerical methods have been used in tandem to determine the ultimate stability of slopes, namely the upper and lower bound theorems of limit analysis and the displacement finite element method. The limit equilibrium method is also employed for comparison purposes. A comparison of the results from each technique provides an opportunity to validate the findings and gives a rigorous evaluation of slope stability.
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Bukovský, Petr. "Posouzení kyvných podpěr turbíny z hlediska vzniku MS deformační stability." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230263.
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Master thesis deals with a computing simulation of two props turbines lines. The thesis output is gaining maximum possible load, at which a commencement of deformation stability critical state for various geometrical imperfections has not arisen yet. The calculation has been done by FEM in two different ways: linear solution (using a calculation conversion into eigenbuckling) and nonlinear solution (using a FEM deformation option). Result analysis compares both methods outcomes. Safety factor for the props operation has been proposed taking into consideration known influences on operating state.
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Fouhy, David, and Bayona Francisco Ríos. "Reliability-Based Analysis of Concrete Dams." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-176867.
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Dams are designed and assessed based on traditional factor of safety methodology. Several drawbacks of this approach exist; for example varying failure probability for structures where the factor of safety is the same. This traditional factor of safety methodology imposes conservative assumptions in terms of both design and analysis. A probability-based analysis has been suggested to account for the omission of uncertainties and provide a less conservative analysis (Westberg & Johansson, 2014). Through the stability analyses of three existing dam structures, a minimum level of reliability or maximum failure probability may be calculated with the ultimate goal of defining a target safety index (β-target) for buttress and gravity dams. These analyses shall in turn contribute to the formulation of a probability-based guideline for the design and assessment of Swedish concrete dams. This probability-based guideline shall be known as the ‘Probabilistic Model Code for Concrete Dams.’ The calculations carried out in this study adhere to the methodologies and specifications set out in the preliminary draft of the Probabilistic Model Code for Concrete Dams. These methodologies encompass analyses within two dominating failure modes for concrete dams; sliding stability and overturning stability. Various load combinations have been modelled for each dam structure to account for the probabilistic failure of each dam under commonly occurring circumstances. A parametric study has been carried out in order to provide insight into the contribution that existing rock bolts provide to the stability of each dam. Furthermore, a study has been carried out into the existence of a persistent rock joint or failure plane in the rock foundation and the effects its presence would have on the sliding stability of a dam. Finally a discussion had been carried out in order to provide suggestions into the formulation of a target safety index through the data envisaged by our analyses for the design and assessment of Swedish concrete dams.
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Rusticali, Valeria. "Numerical investigations on slope stability problems through mathematical optimization-based Finite Element approach." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22124/.
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Il metodo agli elementi finiti (FEM) è uno degli approcci prevalenti nella valutazione dei problemi di stabilità dei pendii. Le equazioni per il problema elastoplastico, basandosi su un principio funzionale multi-campo, sono trattate come un tipico problema Second Order Cone Programming (SOCP) e risolte tramite il software di ottimizzazione MOSEK. In questo studio, un codice MATLAB precedentemente sviluppato (Wang et al. 2019) viene esteso ad una più ampia gamma di problemi di stablità. Più nello specifico,
una formula di Davis modificata è implementata, migliorando l'accuratezza del codice quando applicato a non-associated flow rules. Inoltre, il codice viene utilizzato per studiare pendii stratificati e il carico sismico viene trattato tramite il classico metodo pseudo-statico. Confrontando i nostri risultati con quelli pubblicati si ottengono esiti soddisfacenti. Col fine di includere gli effetti dovuti all'eterogeneità, abbiamo implementato la teoria dei campi random all'interno del framework computazionale. Questo è stato fatto tramite il Random Finite Element Method (RFEM), il quale viene applicato ad un pendio omogeneo. Infine, il metodo sviluppato viene applicato al caso di studio del monte Vogelsberg. Il fattore di sicurezza (FS) è valutato a diversi livelli piezometrici e carichi sismici. L'analisi statistica, in questo caso, è incentrata sulla probability of failure e sulla distribuzione di FS probabilistico.
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Iqbal, Ali. "Probability of Failure for Concrete Gravity Dams for Sliding Failure - Proposal to solution for the eleventh ICOLD Benchmark workshop." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100538.
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Safety of dams can be evaluated based on the risk analysis methodologies that accounts for estimation of the risks associated to the dam-reservoir system. For this purpose it is important to estimate the probability of load events and probability of failure for several failure modes. The following thesis emphasises on estimation of the probability of one specific failure mode, i.e. “sliding failure” for a concrete gravity dam. The main idea behind this thesis was to analyse the estimation of the probability of sliding failure of an existing dam by obtaining the relationships among the different load events, factors of safety associated to those events and the probability of failure estimated using numerical simulation techniques together with different reliability methods. The analysed dam is taken from theme C of the eleventh ICOLD Benchmark workshop on numerical analysis of dams. The thesis covers the methodology for estimating the probability of failure of a given concrete gravity dam with five water levels, considering the sliding failure mode along the dam-foundation interface along with the estimation of factors of safety for each water level and with two different drainage conditions. First order second moment Taylor’s Series Approximation is being used as Level 2 reliability method and Monte Carlo simulation as Level 3 reliability method to estimate the probability of failure against sliding of the dam. Conclusions are drawn in the end by comparing the results obtained from factor of safety estimation and probability of failure for each water level and drainage condition, followed by suggestions for further research in the context of sliding stability of concrete dams.
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Björkman, Helena. "Stabilitetsberäkningar och åtgärdsförslag vid islast på Skålandammen." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9284.
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Hydropower is an important source of energy in Sweden and accounts for about 46 % of the total energy production. Sweden has about 1 200 hydropower plants and with the intention of raising the pressure head of the water and to store water, dams are built by the power plants. The storage reservoirs make it possible to adjust the energy production by demand and season. Dams in connection to the reservoirs are subjected to additional loading during periods of high floods or when an icecap in the winter is formed on the reservoirs. In order to maintain the dam safety, the power companies in Sweden are working with guidelines for dam safety from RIDAS. An important part of the work of dam safety is FDU that is carried out with purposes of improving the work of dam safety. A FDU made for the Skålan dam in the River of Ljungan showed that the levels of the safety factors for sliding and overturning of the dam was not fulfilled when subjected to loads from an icecap. The object of this thesis was to follow up the FDU and by carrying out extensive stability calculations on all parts of the Skålan dam, investigate what safety factors the different parts will get and also investigate some proposal measures in order to increase the dam stability.
The stability calculations for the dam have been performed according to directions in RIDAS at four loading cases. Loading case I and II means a water level to the retained water level and an ice load of 200 and 100 kN/m respectively. Loading case III and IV means a situation without ice load but with a water level to the retained water level respectively a water level to a meter above the retained water level. The stability of the dam was studied with regards to sliding and overturning. The results from the stability calculations showed for both loading case I and II that the majority of the parts of the Skålan dam did not fulfill the levels of the safety factors. The calculations also showed that some parts of the dam did not fulfill the stability criteria of sliding at loading case III, which implies that these parts of the dam actually have not enough weight.
The measure proposals studied were the ice preventive measures IR-elements and circulation of the deep warm water and the stability increasing measure with pre strained rock anchorages. The net present value (NVP) for the different measures were calculated with a life length of the dam estimated to 60 years. The results from the calculations of the NVP showed that the most economically feasible measure is circulation of the water but when considering the results from the stability calculations, the most suitable measure is the rock anchorages. Therefore, a combination of rock anchorages on parts which not fulfills the stability criteria in combination with circulation of the water is suggested to be the best measure.
Vattenkraften är en viktig energikälla i Sverige som utgör ca 46 % av den totala energiproduktionen. I Sverige finns det ca 1 200 kraftverk och i syfte att öka fallhöjden och lagra vatten bygger man dammar i anslutning till kraftverken. Dammarna skapar stora magasin med vatten och gör det möjligt att anpassa elproduktionen efter säsong och behov.
Dammar och kraftverk vid vattenmagasinen utsätts för extra belastning under perioder med höga flöden samt vid islaster och för att upprätthålla dammsäkerheten har man tagit fram RIDAS - kraftföretagens riktlinjer för dammsäkerhet. Inom ramen för dammsäkerhetsarbete utförs fördjupade dammsäkerhetsutvärderingar, FDU, för att arbeta förebyggande och hitta möjligheter till förbättring av dammsäkerhetsarbetet. I en FDU gjord för Skålandammen i Ljungan påvisades att de av RIDAS uppsatta säkerhetsfaktorerna för glidning och stjälpning inte uppfylldes vid islast. Syftet med detta arbete var att följa upp FDU:n och med utförliga stabilitetsberäkningar på Skålandammens alla delar (monoliter) undersöka hur dessa klarar säkerhetsfaktorerna vid olika lastfall, hur stort problemet med islast är samt ta fram åtgärdsförslag för att öka dammens stabilitet.
Beräkningarna har utförts enligt RIDAS anvisningar för stabilitetsberäkningar vid fyra olika lastfall där de två första innebär en vattennivå till magasinets dämningsgräns samt en islast på 200 respektive 100 kN/m och de två andra behandlar en situation utan islast men med en vattennivå till dämningsgränsen respektive en vattennivå till 1 meter över dämningsgränsen. Stabiliteten kontrollerades med avseende på stjälpning och glidning.
Resultatet av stabilitetsberäkningarna visade att för majoriteten av Skålandammens monoliter uppfylls inte stabilitetskraven vid en islast på vare sig 200 eller 100 kN/m. Det visades även att ett fåtal monoliter inte uppfyller säkerhetskraven för glidning vid lastfallet utan islast med en vattennivå till dämningsgränsen, vilket indikerar på att dessa monoliter är för lätta.
De isfrihållande åtgärdsförslagen som jämfördes var IR-element och cirkulering av vattnet med hjälp av luftbubblor och den stabilitetshöjande åtgärden med förspända bergförankringar. Nuvärdet för dessa åtgärder beräknades sedan med antagandet att dammen har en livslängd på 60 år. Resultatet från nuvärdesberäkningen visade att det billigaste alternativet är cirkulering av vattnet men utifrån stabilitetsberäkningarna är det mest fördelaktigt att använda den stabilitetshöjande åtgärden med bergförankringar. Med anledning av detta föreslås ett alternativ med bergförankringar på de monoliter som inte uppfyllde säkerhetskraven vid lastfall utan is i kombination med cirkulering av vattnet som den mest lämpliga åtgärden.
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Kinjawadekar, Tejas. "Model-based Design of an Electronic Stability Control System for Passenger Cars Using CarSim and Matlab-Simulink." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259174786.
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Sahoo, Pragyan Pradatta. "Analytical and numerical investigations of soil slopes subjected to seismic loadings." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2260.
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Seismic slope stability is one of the critical areas in the field of earthquake geotechnical engineering in view of catastrophic geohazards. Over the years, significant advances have been made in the methodologies of slope stability analysis subjected to seismic loadings. The seismic stability analysis of the slopes is influenced by various factors, and therefore, a complete seismic slope stability analysis must account the soil properties, geological parameters, slope geometry and loading to eliminate the susceptibility of slope failures. A detailed review of the literature shows that several analytical and numerical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of different geotechnical parameters on stability analysis during earthquake condition; however, the effect of vertical seismic loading on the slope stability has generally be ignored. It is also noticed that most analytical methods of seismic slope stability analysis, as available for routine field applications, account for the horizontal seismic loading only. Recent findings have shown that consideration of vertical seismic force has a high possibility to influence the conventional slope stability analysis. Therefore, there is a big scope to study the combined effect of horizontal and vertical seismic loadings on the stability of slopes by developing improved analytical methods and numerical models...
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Dias, Arildo de Souza 1979. "Arquitetura, historia de vida e infestação por lianas em especies arboreas de florestas semideciduas no municipio de Campinas, SP." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314966.
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Orientador: Fernando Roberto MartinsDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T18:43:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_ArildodeSouza_M.pdf: 671371 bytes, checksum: 783000fd26b32c833785efd804fe2f1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Lianas possuem um papel chave na dinâmica de ecossistemas florestais, principalmente no que diz respeito aos efeitos diretos exercidos sobre os forófitos, como diminuição da taxa de crescimento e reprodução e aumento da taxa de mortalidade. Nosso objetivo foi responder a três questões principais: Espécies de árvores têm diferentes susceptibilidades à infestação por lianas? Quais características arquiteturais e de história de vida dos forófitos são correlacionadas com a infestação por lianas? Árvores com 51-100% da copa coberta com lianas apresentam diferenças em alometria e desenho mecânico (fator de segurança e esbelteza do caule), comparadas às árvores congenéricas sem infestação da copa? Utilizamos um conjunto de dados previamente coletados sobre infestação da copa por lianas em 10 fragmentos de florestas semedicíduas no município de Campinas, e acrescentamos informações sobre características arquiteturais e de história de vida para 54 espécies arbóreas. Dezoito espécies apresentaram um número de indivíduos infestados que diferiu significativamente do número médio de árvores infestadas no fragmento. Com base nesses resultados classificamos as espécies em três categorias de susceptibilidade à infestação: alta, baixa e variável. No geral, as espécies arbóreas com maior infestação por lianas foram caracterizadas por altura do fuste baixa, grande profundidade da copa, tipo de casca rugosa a profundamente sulcada e fenologia foliar decídua. Em quatro espécies, os coeficientes alométricos entre altura total e diâmetro das árvores com copas infestadas foram significativamente menores que das árvores livres de lianas, com árvores infestadas mais próximas ao limite teórico de tombamento pelo modelo de similaridade elástica. Em média, o fator de segurança (diâmetro crítico para o tombamento) foi menor para as árvores infestadas. O fator de segurança e a esbelteza do caule estiveram negativamente relacionados tanto em árvores infestadas, quanto em árvores livres de lianas, mas árvores com lianas apresentaram maior valor do coeficiente do que árvores sem lianas. Espécies diferentes têm diferentes susceptibilidades a lianas. A combinação de características arquiteturais e de história de vida em forma de síndromes, como altura do fuste, profundidade da copa, fenologia foliar e tipo de casca, muito mais que cada caráter individual, influi na susceptibilidade à infestação por lianas. O fato de árvores infestadas terem menor estabilidade em relação ao limite teórico de tombamento elástico poderia implicar em maior taxa de mortalidade em relação a árvores livres de lianas.
Abstract: Lianas have a key role in forest dynamics and processes in the ecosystem, and may reduce host tree growth rates, fecundity and survival. We address three main questions: Do tree species differ in their susceptibility to lianas? What host tree architectural and life history traits are correlated with the liana infestation? Tree with 51-100% of crown infestation shows difference in alometry and mechanical design (safety factor and slenderness) in relation to trees without lianas? We utilize a data set on liana infestation in ten semideciduous forest fragments of Campinas city, and we added tree architectural and life history traits for 54 tree species. Eighteen species had a higher or lower proportion of liana-infested individuals than the mean number of infested trees in the forest. The tree species was classified in three categories about to susceptibility: high, low and variable. In general, tree species with higher liana infestation were characterized by a low first branch height, high depth crown, bark type slightly rough to strongly fissured and deciduous leaves. In four species the allometric coefficient for height-diameter relations in liana-infested trees was significantly lower than liana-free trees, and liana-infested trees was more close to minimum diameter required to prevent elastic buckling in wooded columns. The safety factor and slenderness was negatively correlated for liana-infested trees and liana-free trees. However, liana-infested trees had higher slope for relationship between these two variables (safety factor and slenderness). Our results pointed out that the combination of tree architectural and life history traits as free bole height, depth crown, foliar phenology and bark type, more than each isolated feature, are important factors determining to liana infestation of tree species analyzed. We suggest that the lower mechanical stability of liana-infested trees could be a cause to higher mortality rates in those trees in comparison to trees without lianas.
Mestrado
Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
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Archibald, Timothy, and Stacy Brown. "One year monitoring of potency change in commercial ibuprofen products stored in a household setting exposed to normal day-to-day temperature and humidity fluctuations." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/161.
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Introduction.Most over the counter (OTC) medications are labeled for storage in a room temperature environment (68 – 77oF) under dry conditions, i.e. kept away from moisture. Despite this, many households store medications in the bathroom, where both temperature and humidity extremes may be experienced during the course of the day. In this project, we sought to investigate the effect that long-term storage in a household bathroom had on potency of OTC ibuprofen (IBU) products. One degradation product, 4-isobutylacetophenone (4-IBP), has been shown to possess toxic properties. As such, the emergence of this breakdown product was also monitored.
Methods. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the quantitative determination of IBU and 4-IBP in aqueous samples. The assay utilized a UCT C18 column (2.1 x 100 mm; 1.8 micron) with acetonitrile as the organic phase and water as the aqueous phase, run in isocratic mode (15% A: 85% B). Ibuprofen was ionized in negative electrospray mode (-ESI) using m/z 205.09 and 4-IBU in +ESI mode at m/z 177.15. Calibration curves were created in the ranges of 0.1 – 2 mg/mL (IBU) and 2 – 100 mg/mL. Three brands each of IBU tablets (200mg) and suspensions (100mg/5mL) were purchased and assayed for IBU concentration at the initiation of the study. The samples were stored in a household bathroom, while temperature and humidity were continuously recorded using Extech Instruments RHT10 data-logger. Three tablets were removed from each bottle, and three 5-mL aliquots were removed from each suspension, for analysis each month. The samples were digested in 0.1M HCl for 1hr using sonication, and diluted to assay concentration (2 mg/mL for tablets; 0.2 mg/mL for suspensions) using acetonitrile. Each sample was assayed in triplicate and percent recovery was calculated against freshly prepared standards of IBU.
Results. Acceptable potency range was defined as 90 – 110% of the labeled concentration. All tablets maintained acceptable average strength through three months, and a statistically significant change from initial concentration (as determined by a 2-way ANOVA, p = 0.05) was detected after 6 – 7 months. After ten months of storage, the average tablet strength was 74% of initial potency. All suspensions maintained acceptable average strength through five months, with statistically significant changes from initial concentration emerging after seven months storage. After 10 months of storage, the average suspension strength was 84% of initial potency. During the duration of the study, the average storage temperature was (20.9° C) and the average relative humidity was (65.7). The 4-IBU was not detected in any of the product samples during the duration of the study.
Conclusions.These data indicate that, while the toxic degradation product, 4-IBU, has not been detected following bathroom storage of commercial IBU products, significant changes in product potency can negatively affect product efficacy. The container-closure systems used in OTC ibuprofen products do not protect against the effects of ongoing fluctuations in environmental temperature and humidity. Data indicate that suspension products are more resistant to temperature and humidity fluctuations, at least to the degree that would be present in a household bathroom.
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Lawson, Sarah E. "Investigation of the Chemical Protection Capacity of Common Shoe Materials in Undergraduate Laboratories." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/268.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical resistance of common shoe materials regularly worn in undergraduate chemistry laboratories by subjecting the materials to hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. The materials tested were leather, canvas cotton, and polyester. Due to the lack of restriction on undergraduate laboratory footwear, the research discussed in this thesis is important to undergraduate universities. Currently, many universities across the nation only require undergraduate students to wear close-toed, close-heeled shoes in chemistry laboratories, and often the resistance of the shoe material to acids and bases may not be taken into careful consideration. Overall, the results of this experiment revealed that exposure to the different chemical concentrations of NaOH and HCl did not appear to negatively affect the structural integrity of the fabrics, but according to the mass spectrometry results gathered in this experiment, the three fabrics differed in individual complexities as well as in the compounds extracted following acid and base treatments.
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Bribiesca, argomedo Fédérico. "Contrôle et stabilité Entrée-Etat en dimension infinie du profil du facteur de sécurité dans un plasma Tokamak Infinite dimensional control and Input-to-State stability of the safety factor profile in a Tokamak plasma." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920942.
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Dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse au contrôle du profil de facteur de sécurité dans un plasma tokamak. Cette variable physique est liée à plusieurs phénomènes dans le plasma, en particulier des instabilités magnétohydrodynamiques (MHD). Un profil de facteur de sécurité adéquat est particulièrement important pour avoir des modes d'opération avancés dans le tokamak, avec haut confinement et stabilité MHD. Pour cela faire, on se focalise sur la commande du gradient du profil de flux magnétique poloidal dans le tokamak. L'évolution de cette variable est donnée par une équation de diffusion avec des coefficients distribuées et temps-variants. En utilisant des techniques de type Lyapunov et les propriétés de stabilité entrée-état du système on propose une loi de commande robuste qui prend en compte des contraintes non-linéaires dans l'action imposées par la physique des actionneurs.
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Sourzat, Lucie. "Le contrat administratif résilient." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10037.
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La résilience peut être définie comme une adaptation réussie en dépit du risque et de l’adversité. Que serait aujourd’hui le fonctionnement du secteur de l’économie numérique ou bien celui des travaux publics sans la certitude que les réseaux et les infrastructures véhiculant les services qu’ils offrent sont susceptibles de faire face à toutes les agressions extérieures dont ils peuvent être l’objet ? Et comment pourrait-on l’affirmer si l’on n’avait pris toutes les précautions qu’une telle situation requière dans les contrats qui ont permis leur édification ? Tel est l’objet de la présente thèse : montrer que le contrat administratif est « résilient » au sens où il fait face aux aléas qui peuvent l’affecter, s’y adapte, y résiste, les anticipe et mieux, les intègre. L’originalité du contrat administratif repose notamment sur l’existence d’un certain nombre de principes d’ordre public et de mécanismes juridiques permettant à ce dernier de répondre à l’aléa et d’assurer ainsi sa stabilité face à la contingence. Ainsi les deux premiers critères de la résilience paraissent satisfaits : l’adaptation et la résistance à l’aléa. Or l’évolution du contexte dans lequel se trouvent conclus les contrats administratifs ainsi que l’influence des principes fondamentaux relevant de l’ordre public concurrentiel révèlent l’insuffisance de ces mécanismes. Sans que ces derniers ne disparaissent pour autant, de nouvelles solutions complémentaires des premières ont donc dû être développées. La prévention se trouve alors progressivement placée au cœur du contrat administratif. Elle y dévoile la présence des deux autres critères de la résilience à savoir l’anticipation et l’assimilation de l’aléa. Ainsi la satisfaction des quatre critères de la résilience par le contrat administratif semble non seulement faire émerger un nouveau concept de « contrat administratif résilient », mais participe aussi à faire de ce dernier un contrat plus sûr et moins singulierResilience can be defined as the ability to successfully adapt to changing conditions despite risks and adversity. How would function the digital economy and the public works sector today, if we were not sure that the networks and the infrastructures which provide their services are able to face any potential external attack? And how could we be sure of this, if we had not taken all the precautions required by such a situation in the contracts that have enable to build them? The purpose of the present work is precisely to show that the administrative contract is "resilient", in the sense that it is able to deal with the vagaries that may affect it, to adapt to them, to resist to them, to anticipate them, and even better, to incorporate them. What particularly makes the originality of the administrative contract is the existence of a number of principles of public order and legal mechanisms, which enable it both to handle any vagary and to remain stable when faced to contingency. Thus, the first two criteria for resilience: the adaptation and the resistence to vagaries, seem to be met. The evolution of the context in which administrative contracts are signed, as well as the influence of the basic principles of competitive public order, have however shown that these mechanisms seem insufficient. Without making them disappear, new complementary solutions have thus emerged. The notion of prevention has been progressively placed at the heart of administrative contracts. It highlights the presence of two other criteria for resilience: the anticipation and the integration of vagaries. Thus, as the four criteria for resilience are met by administrative contracts, a new concept known as "resilient administrative contract" seems to be emerging, which contributes to make the administrative contract safer and less singular
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Bissen, Edouard. "Semi-analytical methodology for stability and bifurcation analysis in a low pressure boiling channel for GEN4 SFR safety R&D on two-phase flow limit cycles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0417.
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L'objectif de l'étude entreprise dans ce travail vise à mieux comprendre le comportement fortement non-linéaire d'écoulements di-phasiques (liquide-vapeur). L'établissement de diagrammes de bifurcation pour des configurations académiques simples (écoulements dans un tube cylindrique vertical, chauffé à sa paroi) constitue donc une première étape importante pour la mise en oeuvre de notre approche numérique. Pour parvenir à cet objectif, nous avons développé une approche méthodologique, que nous pensons être assez originale dans ce domaine, puisqu'elle s'appuie sur une méthode de résolution semi-analytique des équations simplifiées du problème (modèle de drift mono-dimensionnel). La méthode de continuation implémentée repose sur la méthode asymptotique numérique, qui nous permet de calculer avec une bonne efficacité numérique (bonne précision et faibles temps de calculs) les solutions stationnaires de l'écoulement de base sur toute la plage d'intérêt (mono-phasique liquide, diphasique liquide-vapeur, mono-phasique vapeur). Lorsque la branche de solutions stationnaires est ainsi calculée, nous procédons ensuite à une analyse linéaire de stabilité, seule partie dans laquelle une quelconque étape linéarisation est introduite. Le modèle est ensuite utilisé pour conduire des études paramétriques permettant de mettre en lumière les paramètres les plus influents sur la stabilité des écoulements, facilitant la compréhension physique des mécanismes en jeuxThe objective of the study undertaken in this work is to better understand the highly non-linear behaviour of two-phase flows (liquid-vapour). The establishment of bifurcation diagrams for simple academic configurations (flows in a vertical cylindrical tube, heated at its wall) is therefore an important first step in the implementation of our numerical approach. To achieve this objective, we have developed a methodological approach, which we believe is quite original in this field, since it is based on a semi-analytical method of solving the simplified equations of the problem (one-dimensional drift model). The implemented continuation method is based on the numerical asymptotic method, which allows us to calculate with good numerical efficiency (good accuracy and low computation times) the stationary solutions of the base flow over the entire range of interest (liquid single phase, liquid-vapour two phase, steam single phase). When the branch of stationary solutions is calculated in this way, we then carry out a linear stability analysis, the only part in which any linearization step is introduced. The model is then used to conduct parametric studies to highlight the most influential parameters on flow stability, facilitating the physical understanding of the mechanisms at play
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Sasraku, Francis M. "Regulatory Structures and Bank –Level Risk Management in Ghanaian Banks." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15021.
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This research examines the impact of certain bank-specific variables on bank stability in Ghana, in the context of the existing regulatory structures. The thesis examines this issue along two main themes. The first part of this study examines whether two of the commonly used measures of banking stability, the CAMELS and the Z-Score, provide similar or different results in assessing the stability of banks in Ghana. The results of this study show that the use of the CAMELS and the Z-score measures could lead to different outcomes in terms of bank stability in Ghana. This suggests that the traditional micro-prudential CAMELS framework should be complemented with the Z-score which inherently has both micro and macro-prudential characteristics of signaling weaknesses in bank stability, and to enhance the management of bank stability. The second part of the study examines the impact of some bank-specific variables on bank stability. Using the panel data approach, the results show that while bank size, regulatory governance, regulatory independence and origin impact significantly on the stability score, there was no significant impact in terms of interbank borrowing and non-performing loans. Further analysis using the Blinder –Oaxaca decomposition also suggests that foreign banks in Ghana exhibit relatively higher levels of stability compared to local banks. The policy implications of these findings suggest that the liberalisation of the banking sector should be accompanied by an effective micro- and macro-prudential supervisory regime in order to manage the stability of the constituent banks and the banking sector as a whole.
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Lins, Paulo Gustavo Cavalcante. "Considerações sobre a aplicação do método dos elementos finitos à análise de estabilidade de taludes." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-25082016-161453/.
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O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o cálculo dos fatores de segurança de taludes utilizando o campo de tensões obtido pelo método dos elementos finitos. São discutidas diferentes definições para o fator de segurança global do maciço. Considerações sobre a definição do fator de segurança, em termos de deslocamentos, também são traçadas. Foi desenvolvido um pós-processador gráfico, para a visualização dos resultados das análises por elementos finitos. Estudos de um talude estável e de um caso de ruptura foram realizados. Os fatores de segurança obtidos mostraram-se coerentes com os resultados dos métodos de equilíbrio limite convencionais. No caso do talude estável, a influência da deformabilidade relativa do maciço foi analisada.The present work shows a study about computation of slope stability safety factors using stress fields generated by finite element method analysis. Differents definitions of the global safety factor are discussed. Considerations about the definition of the safety factor in terms of nodal displacements are addressed too. A graphical software for visualizing the results of finite element method analysis was developed for this study. Studys of a stable slope and a failure case are performed. Safety factors values were both consistent with results of conventional limit equilibrium methods. Influence of relative deformability is analyzed in the stable case.
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Isakson, Brian Louis. ""Getting better" after torture from the perspective of the survivor." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07162008-102405/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Gregory Jurkovic, committee chair; Roderick Watts, Julia Perilla, Gregory Brack, committee members. Electronic text ( 197 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed October 8, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-186).
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Ji, Jinnan. "Finite elements modelling and analysis of the effect of vegetation on forested slopes stability." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20213.
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L'ingénierie écologique, qui est décrite comme «la gestion de la nature», a d'abord été proposée par Odum en 1971. Dans les dernières décennies, l'ingénierie écologique a été largement consacrée à lutter contre l'érosion des sols et les mouvements de masse, tout en permettant d'assurer la durabilité des écosystèmes. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer l'impact de peuplements forestiers sur la stabilité de pentes de dimension finie, en considérant à la fois les effets mécaniques et hydrologiques des racines peu profondes contre les glissements de terrain. Deux sites forestiers monospécifiques et équiennes, plantés respectivement de Robinia pseudoacacia et Platycladus orientalis, ont été sélectionnés sur le Plateau du Loess en Chine et utilisés comme sites d'étude. Le Facteur de Sécurité (FoS) de ces pentes ont été calculées en utilisant un modèle éléments finis 2D qui prend en compte la distribution des racines dans les couches superficielles du sol.Des mesures de terrain et des tests de laboratoire ont été effectués afin d'estimer les principaux paramètres du modèle, à savoir la distribution des surfaces relatives de racines dans le sol (Root Area Ratio), la résistance à la traction des racines, ainsi que les propriétés mécaniques et hydrologiques du sol nu. La contribution des racines à la résistance au cisaillement du sol a été considérée par l'intermédiaire d'une « cohésion additionnelle » calculée à l'aide de modèles fournis par la littérature. Six modèles existants ont été testés. Cette thèse est composée de deux chapitres principaux portant sur: (1) l'effet mécanique de l'hétérogénéité spatiale de la distribution des racines à l'échelle de pente; (2) l'influence de la distribution des racines sur le couplage entre la diffusion de l'eau interstitiel et les contraintes mécaniques dans le sol et son impact sur la stabilité des pentes.Les simulations amènent aux conclusions principales suivantes: (1) les pentes en terrasse sont en théorie 20% plus stables que les pentes rectilignes, sans tenir compte des effets hydrologiques; (2) le FoS atteint une valeur asymptotique lorsque l'on augmente la cohésion des racines; (3) les variations de la cohésion des racines observées sur le terrain ont peu d'effet sur la stabilité des pentes. Toutefois le renforcement de la partie basse des pentes, où les racines ont un plus grand impact positif sur le FOS, peut permettre de diminuer le risque de glissement; (4) l'effet des fortes précipitations sur la stabilité de la pente pourrait probablement être atténué par la présence de racines, mais cet effet dépend des caractéristiques des racines et de leur influence sur le débit d'eau dans le solEcological engineering, which is described as ‘the management of nature', was first proposed by Odum in 1971. In the past few decades, ecological engineering has been largely devoted to combat soil erosion and mass movement all over the world, because of its benefit on sustainable ecosystems. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of forest stands on the stability of finite slopes, considering both the mechanical and hydrological effects of roots against shallow landslides. Two monospecific and even-aged forest sites planted with Robinia pseudoacacia and Platycladus orientalis respectively were selected on the Loess Plateau of China and used as study sites. Slope Factors of Safety were calculated using a 2D finite element model that takes into account the distribution of roots in the shallow layers of soil.Field site experiments and laboratory tests were performed in order to estimate the main parameters of the model, i.e. distribution of root area ratio within the soil, root tensile strength, as well as bare soil mechanical and hydrological properties. The contribution of roots to soil shear strength was considered through an additional cohesion calculated with models provided by the literature. Six existing models were tested. This thesis is composed of two main chapters that make the focus on : (1) the mechanical effect of the spatial heterogeneity of root distribution at the slope scale; (2) the influence of root distribution on the coupling between pore fluid diffusion and mechanical stress and its impact on slope stability. This study brings to the following main conclusions: (1) terraced slopes were 20% more stable than rectilinear slopes, disregarding the differences in hydrological regimes between the two sites; (2) FoS could reach an asymptotic value when increasing root additional cohesion; (3) variations of the actual root cohesion do not affect much slope stability. However more attention should be given to the reinforcement of the bottom part of the actual slopes, where roots have a larger positive impact on the FoS; (4) the effect of heavy precipitations on slope stability could probably be overcome or at least mitigated by root system network, but this depends on root characteristics and their resulting effect on soil water flow
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Štainerová, Lenka. "Návrh zajištění hlubokého zářezu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227640.
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The aim is to design economical and above all safe securing a deep notch, both in the construction phase and throughout the use of the building. In the first part of the thesis Background research will be given an idea of the construction of the geotechnical point of view. The second part will contain the geotechnical design calculation. The third part will be proposed safety recommendations in terms of geotechnical monitoring.