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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Safety and Fire Engineering

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Academic literature on the topic 'Safety and Fire Engineering'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Safety and Fire Engineering"

1

Didieux, Franck. "Facade fire – fire safety engineering methodology." MATEC Web of Conferences 9 (2013): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20130903010.

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Watts, John M. "Fire safety re-engineering." Fire Technology 29, no. 4 (November 1993): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01052525.

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Weilert, Astrid, Dietmar Hosser, and Christoph Klinzmann. "Probabilistic Safety Concept for Fire Safety Engineering based on Natural Fires." Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 103, S1 (April 2008): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/best.200810118.

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Rasbash, D. J. "Fire safety: Science and engineering." Fire Safety Journal 10, no. 3 (May 1986): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-7112(86)90021-4.

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Rein, Guillermo. "Guest Editorial: Wildfires, Fire Science and Fire Safety Engineering." Fire Technology 47, no. 2 (October 28, 2010): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-010-0196-3.

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Frantzich, Håkan. "Risk analysis and fire safety engineering." Fire Safety Journal 31, no. 4 (November 1998): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-7112(98)00021-6.

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Meacham, Brian J. "Fire safety engineering at a crossroad." Case Studies in Fire Safety 1 (March 2014): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csfs.2013.11.001.

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Östman, Birgit, Daniel Brandon, and Håkan Frantzich. "Fire safety engineering in timber buildings." Fire Safety Journal 91 (July 2017): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.05.002.

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Zhang, Qingsong, Naiwen Jiang, Hanpeng Qi, and Xingna Luo. "Modified Fire Simulation Curve of Cabin Temperatures in Postcrash Fires for Fire Safety Engineering." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8978575.

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The fire simulation curve this paper presents is based on a curve which is proposed by Barnett in 2002. The curve is used to study the temperature change in a fire scenario in the interior of a rectangular compartment. However, it is not applicable to use in some long, limited spaces with arc boundaries, such as aircraft cabins. Some improvements and simplifications are made to the curve to solve this problem. A numerical simulation is conducted via the modified curve in a B737 fuselage during a postcrash fire. The result is compared with a fire dynamics simulator (FDS) simulation and a full-scale test undertaken by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The practicability and accuracy of the modified curve is proved through the relevant analysis and the main relative error analysis. The time to flashover is also predicted by the curve and the FDS simulation, respectively. Several parameters are chosen as influence factors to study their effect on the time to flashover in order to delay the occurrence of the flashover. This study may provide a technical support for the cabin fire safety design, safety management, and fire safety engineering.

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Baker, Greg, Colleen Wade, Michael Spearpoint, and Charley Fleischmann. "Developing Probabilistic Design Fires for Performance-based Fire Safety Engineering." Procedia Engineering 62 (2013): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.08.109.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Safety and Fire Engineering"

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Johansson, Henrik. "Decision analysis in fire safety engineering : analysing investments in fire safety /." Lund : Univ, 2003. http://www.brand.lth.se/bibl/1027.pdf.

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Xiao, Xuefeng. "Quality assurance in fire safety engineering." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11624.

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This thesis is a study of the theory of quality assurance in fire safety engineering. The aims are to examine the implication of the general concepts of quality and quality assurance in the context of fire safety engineering, to investigate the causes and effects of the development of quality assurance in fire safety engineering firms, and to identify the factors that affect the effectiveness of the quality systems in these firms. Research was carried out on four major perspectives: (1) quality definition of fire safety systems in buildings (2) quality assurance in fire safety engineering projects, (3) quality assurance in fire safety engineering firms, (4) the macro quality assurance system in fire protection industry. A model for defining quality of fire safety systems in buildings is described. Features of quality assurance in fire safety engineering are identified. A systematic approach for assuring quality in fire safety engineering projects is proposed, which consists of total system quality planning, sub-system quality planning, and quality management systems in fire safety engineering firms. The investigation found that the driving forces for fire safety engineering firms to adopt quality assurance come from client's need, market competition, development of certification schemes, and the business development strategy of the company. Research data suggests that fire safety engineering firms have gained benefits through the implementation of quality assurance. However, the effectiveness of quality systems is affected by a number of factors both internal and external.

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Hakkarainen, Tuula. "Studies on fire safety assessment of construction products /." Espoo [Finland] : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2002. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2002/P459.pdf.

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Kim, Soo Woong. "Formal fire safety assessment of passenger ships." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2005. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5658/.

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Fire has been a major cause of ship's accidents throughout maritime history. It is by far the most serious threat to life and the environment as passenger ships get larger and more sophisticated. It is also impossible to protect a passenger vessel against all hazards. Despite the fact that a passenger ship contains potential fire hazards in the engine room space, accommodation zone and electrical systems, etc, the single most important fire hazard onboard a ship may be the man himself, either unintentionally or intentionally. 'Fire safety on passenger vessel' has continued to be the focus of attention on passenger ships. The work described in this thesis is concerned with the application of Formal Fire Safety Assessment to passenger ships. The traditional way of conducting a Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) employs typical fire safety analysis methods that require a certain amount of data. Most fire accident data available for passenger vessels is associated with a high degree of uncertainty and considered to be unreliable. As such, the research carried out in this thesis is directed at the development of novel fire safety analysis methods to address this problem. This thesis proposed several subjective fire safety analysis methods for passenger vessels within the FSA methodology. Also, it concentrates on developing an advanced approach for passenger ships. A few novel safety analysis and synthesis methodologies are presented to integrate fire safety assessment with decision-making techniques so that fire safety can be taken into account from the concept design /operation stages of passenger ships. This is to ensure a more controlled development process permitting decisions regarding design and operation to be made based on fire safety assessment. Finally, this thesis is concluded by summarising the results of this research project and the areas where further effort is required to improve the developed methodologies.

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Silcock, Gordon William Henry. "Some contributions to the further development of fire safety engineering." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310041.

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Rbehat, Diana Suleiman Eid. "Development of pyrolysis models of composite materials for fire safety engineering." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2015. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/11805/.

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The one-dimensional pyrolysis computational tool ThermaKin was used to predict the thermal decomposition behaviour of widely used synthetic polymers (polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE)) with and without additives, in order to investigate the suitability of ThermaKin for novel fire retarded samples, under different thermal and fire conditions. The thermal decomposition of materials was investigated using simultaneous thermal analysis technique (STA) coupled with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) at different heating rates and atmospheres. The results show that thermal decomposition of PP follows single mass-loss step, without formation of residue in nitrogen. It was also found that the pyrolysis shifted towards higher temperature with increase of heating rate at different atmospheres. ThermaKin fitted the TGA curves very well. The thermal decomposition behaviour of polypropylene grafted with 5wt% of maleic anhydride (MA), and reinforced with 5wt% of closite 20A as nanoclay (PP-gMA/NC) was also investigated. The main conclusions from this data are that during the thermal decomposition in different atmospheres, TGA curves showed a single step of decomposition process for all samples. The effect of clay is more pronounced during thermal oxidation. In N2 and air, a two-step reaction mechanism was fitted the experimental curves fairly well. The thermal decomposition of PE, pure and reinforced with different types of carbon fillers (single/multi wall carbon nanotubes, carbon fibres, carbon black and single/few layers of graphene nanosheets), at different loadings (0.1, 0.5 and 1 wt%) and atmospheres were investigated, to determine their suitability as potential fire retardant additives. Results showed that thermal decomposition of PE and its composites/nanocomposites followed a single mass-loss step at a range of temperatures, with no residue formation in N2. The DTG curve in air showed two mass loss rate peaks. The experimental results showed that all loadings of these different additives made no improvement to the thermal stability of PE/MA. In air, the compatibilising agent (MA) improved the thermal stability of pure PE, compared to these composites/nanocomposites at the selected loadings. Mechanisms of single or two-step reaction in N2, and three-step reaction in air for the thermal decomposition of PE with and without additives predicted fairly well the experimental curves. Finally, the work was extended to investigate the performance of ThermaKin to establish a model that is able to predict cone calorimetry results. ThermaKin predicted the burning rate of PE/MA, as a good agreement between the experimental and simulated curves was achieved. Sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the influence of the variation of the material properties on the modelling results. It was found that the heat of decomposition is the most important parameter of those investigated and needs to be determined most accurately. Heat capacity and thermal conductivity are somewhat important. The absorption coefficient and the reflectivity are of lesser importance. In conclusion, this work shows that the combination of pyrolysis modelling, thermal and chemical analysis techniques provides a strong and powerful tool for generating a comprehensive understanding of the thermal decomposition of novel fire retardant materials. However, further work is needed to study the influence of the changes of the material properties in polymeric material while reinforced with different additives and how this will be reflected on the modelling parameters and mechanism.

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Santos-Reyes, Jaime R. "The development of a fire safety management system model." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1140.

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Rogers, Lucy Elizabeth. "Foam formation in low expansion fire fighting equipment." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250575.

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Osgood, David Raymond. "The detection of the early stages of fire." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336804.

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Copping, Alexander Gordon. "Fire safety evaluation of ecclesiastical estate : the development and application of a fire safety evaluation procedure for the property protection of parish churches." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10774.

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The environment in which we live relentlessly threatens to decay or destroy our built cultural heritage through climatic and man-made means. Fire presents the most severe threat to the fabric and content of historic buildings. The destruction, when it occurs is extremely swift, the loss caused is often complete and the indirect damage from smoke and water can also be significant. The incidences of fires in churches is currently exceeding those in all other historic building types. This trend is destroying irreplaceable national treasures as arguably, England and Wales contains the greatest collection, in terms of number and antiquity, of ancient parish churches in the world. This thesis presents an investigation into the fundamental principles underlying fire safety in parish churches. It identifies that the danger to life from fire is not high, due to the fact that the natural layout of churches facilitates good evacuation routes and travel distances. The threat to church property, however, is considerable as churches generally possess very limited fire safety measures. In addition, problems of building isolation, restricted access and limited water supply means that early intervention is unlikely. Such evidence prompted the need for a decision making tool to aid the custodians of churches in the management of fire safety and in the allocation of scarce resources. The aims of this thesis were to develop a prototype fire safety evaluation procedure for the property protection of parish churches and to examine, using a sample of churches, the effectiveness of the methodology. This has been achieved by developing a 'points scheme' technique to enable the judgement on the adequacy of fire safety to be undertaken. The work involved assigning numerical values to qualitative descriptions of events, techniques and processes by a group of experts representing the interests of those involved in the use, management, and preservation of churches as well as fire safety engineering. The opinions gathered were brought to a consensus in a series of Delphi group meetings, through discussion and matrix manipulation. A 'collated norm' was established, from a collection of fire safety guidance documents for places of worship, against which technical value judgements are made and the acceptable level of fire safety is adjudicated. The procedure is unique in its evaluation configuration, in that it balances the level of fire safety against the vulnerability of property fabric and content. The assessment is undertaken through an 'observational survey'. This is conducted by an expert, knowledgeable in ecclesiastical building construction and fire safety, observing all parts of the building and making judgements on the adequacy of eighteen identified fire safety components. Features of the building which are highlighted through the assessment as being a high fire risk can receive a more in-depth survey, beyond the scope of this evaluation procedure. The practical operation of the evaluation procedure has been tested on ten churches. The outcome shows a broad spread of results. An independent qualitative observational assessment by experts support the outcome of the evaluation procedure in nine out of ten cases. Preliminary repeatability application trials have also been conducted. They showed an encouraging level of consistency, illustrating further that the developed procedure is of positive value and utility. The versatility of the evaluation procedure enables a direct link to be made between potential improvements in the assessment score and the actual cost of making fire safety improvements. This facility enables decision makers to evaluate fire safety upgrade options.

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Books on the topic "Safety and Fire Engineering"

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International Conference on Fire Engineering and Loss Prevention in Offshore Petrochemical and other Hazardous Applications (2nd 1989 Brighton, England). Fire safety engineering. Edited by Smith D. N and BHRA. Cranfield, Bedford: BHRA (Information Services), The Fluid Engineering Centre, 1989.

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Ingmar, Søgaard, and Krogh Hans, eds. Fire safety. Hauppauge, NY, USA: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Ingmar, Søgaard, and Krogh Hans, eds. Fire safety. Hauppauge, NY, USA: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Roberts-Phelps, Graham. Fire safety. Aldershot, England: Gower, 1999.

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Harmathy, TZ, ed. Fire Safety: Science and Engineering. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp882-eb.

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Piloto, Paulo A. G., João Paulo Rodrigues, and Valdir Pignatta Silva, eds. Advances in Fire Safety Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36240-9.

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Institution, British Standards. Fire safety engineering in buildings. London: British Standards Institution, 1997.

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Stollard, Paul. Design for fire safety: Fire safety engineering & Approved Document B. London: Construction Research Communications, 1996.

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Fire safety engineering : design of structures. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007.

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Wickström, Ulf. Temperature Calculation in Fire Safety Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30172-3.

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Book chapters on the topic "Safety and Fire Engineering"

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Danziger, Norman H. "Fire Life Safety." In Tunnel Engineering Handbook, 369–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0449-4_19.

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Medved, Sašo. "Buildings Fires and Fire Safety." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 407–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74390-1_6.

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Biswas, Samarendra Kumar, Umesh Mathur, and Swapan Kumar Hazra. "Pool Fire." In Fundamentals of Process Safety Engineering, 137–65. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003107873-5.

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Biswas, Samarendra Kumar, Umesh Mathur, and Swapan Kumar Hazra. "Jet Fire." In Fundamentals of Process Safety Engineering, 167–222. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003107873-6.

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Biswas, Samarendra Kumar, Umesh Mathur, and Swapan Kumar Hazra. "Vapor Cloud Fire." In Fundamentals of Process Safety Engineering, 223–31. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003107873-7.

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Usmani, Asif S. "Safety of Structures in Fire." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1153–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5144-4_113.

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Gerard Canisius, T. D., Dimitris Diamantidis, and Suresh Kumar. "Fire Safety in Road Tunnels." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 293–311. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85018-0_14.

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Biswas, Samarendra Kumar, Umesh Mathur, and Swapan Kumar Hazra. "Fundamentals of Fire Processes." In Fundamentals of Process Safety Engineering, 77–103. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003107873-3.

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Nasr, G. G., and N. E. Connor. "Fire and Explosion." In Natural Gas Engineering and Safety Challenges, 281–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08948-5_7.

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Wickström, Ulf. "Boundary Conditions in Fire Protection Engineering." In Temperature Calculation in Fire Safety Engineering, 45–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30172-3_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Safety and Fire Engineering"

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LOMBARDI, MARA, GIULIANO ROSSI, NICOLÒ SCIARRETTA, LUCA GROSSI, and NINO ORANGES. "FIRE DESIGN IN SAFETY ENGINEERING: LIKELY FIRE CURVE FOR PEOPLE’S SAFETY." In SAFE 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/safe170111.

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Vilkova, Kseniya Igorevna, and Dmitriy Evgenievich Feschenko. "Fire safety and BIM-technology engineering." In II International Conference “BIM in Construction & Architecture”. Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/bimac.2019.046.

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Gibbins, Neil. "Confidential Reporting for Fire Safety." In Ninth Congress on Forensic Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484555.008.

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Chanti, Houda, Laurent Thiry, Michel Hassenforder, Elizabeth Blanchard, and Philippe Fromy. "Fire safety DSL based algebra." In 2015 3rd International Conference on Control, Engineering & Information Technology (CEIT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceit.2015.7233083.

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Cabova, Kamila, Lukas Blesak, and Frantisek Wald. "Advanced prediction methods in structural fire safety engineering." In 2016 Smart Cities Symposium Prague (SCSP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scsp.2016.7501021.

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Friedman, Robert. "Fire Safety in Extraterrestrial Environments." In Sixth ASCE Specialty Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40339(206)25.

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Rosenbloom, Lary J., and Richard A. Berry. "Mixed Oxide Fuel Fabrication Facility Design/Engineering Glovebox: Fire Protection Safety." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93377.

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Gloveboxes in a mixed oxide fuel fabrication facility provide primary confinement for the process systems handling nuclear material. The fire protection design must be coordinated with the confinement design while meeting criticality and life safety requirements. The fire protection strategy for the facility starts with specifying fire resistant systems, structures, and components with low fire loadings and design features that minimize ignition sources. The fire hazards, along with other process hazards, are specifically addressed during the design of nuclear process units. The industrial-scale process glove boxes in the MOX facility utilize polycarbonate as their window material, which was evaluated as being the most appropriate material in terms of constructability, operability, and confinement performance under mechanical loadings (e.g. shock, earthquake). The glovebox fire detectors are installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72-1996 requirements and are an integral part of the facility fire detection system. Special design features to prevent a fire from starting, to divert potentially explosive material upon detection of a fire, and to reliably extinguish any incipient fires are incorporated into glovebox and process unit designs.

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Isaksen, Leif Tore, and Martin Hagen. "FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING OF BUILDINGS WITH VISIBLE TIMBER CONSTRUCTIONS." In World Conference on Timber Engineering 2023 (WCTE2023). As, Norway: World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/069179-0223.

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Lange, David, Peter Johnson, José L. Torero, Nate Lobel, Sarnia Rusbridge, Payam Rahnamayiezekavat, Ed Ang, and Xijuan Liu. "Fire safety engineering design – The case for holistic solutions." In 12th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology (AOSFST 2021). Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/98591a6.

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Meyer, Stephen P. "Sources of Uncertainty in a Fire Probabilistic Safety Assessment." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75360.

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Probability Safety Assessments (PSA) by their nature are approximations of the actual risk and consequences of an accident at a nuclear power plant. Today the PSA models are becoming more complex as the computers and PSA software are faster and PSA modeling techniques are improved. Many PSAs now integrate into a single model internal initiators, internal floods, and internal fires. Each of these initiator types has some uncertainties in common and some that are primarily associated with a specific initiator type. This paper discusses some of those uncertainties found in Fire PSAs. Uncertainties in Fire PSAs arise from the broad categories of phenomenological modeling and assumptions, PSA model development and assumptions, data, and human failure events (HFEs). Phenomenological development and assumptions would include the heat release rates, fire durations, zones of influence, damage criteria, fire propagation, and the impact of smoke on equipment. Aside from the model development and assumptions in the traditional internal events PSA, the inclusion or exclusion of mitigating systems into a Fire PSA model generally has greater impact on the results than in the internal events PSA model. Most plants do not have readily available cable information for non-safety related cables. The cost to determine cable routing for non-safety related cable can be very high and, therefore, most Fire PSAs do not include non-safety mitigating systems except where needed. This increases the level of uncertainty and can skew the results. Data uncertainty arises from ignition frequency determinations, fuel available to a fire, the probability of success/failure of fire suppression systems, and the probability of hot shorts and consequential spurious operation. In addition to the HFEs included in an internal events PSA, there are other HFEs specific to fires. These include new human error probabilities (HEPs) for those HFEs that are part of the internal events PSA model due to the fact that there is a fire occurring and added stress and instrumentation failure may result. There are also HFEs associated directly with the fire such as fire detection and suppression. New HFEs will be needed to be modeled for Control Room evacuation. PSAs are being used more and more in the decision making processes of operating nuclear power plants. It is often required that initiators other than the traditional “internal events” be included in these processes. Understanding the uncertainties that are part of the Fire PSA is needed to make an informed decision. This paper addresses each of these in greater detail and provides techniques in understanding the impacts of the uncertainties.

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Reports on the topic "Safety and Fire Engineering"

1

Bukowski, Richard W. Fire safety engineering in the pursuit of performance-based codes:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5878.

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CORPS OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC. Engineering and Design: Fire Protection Engineering Policy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404421.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Safety: System Safety Engineering and Management. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402444.

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Ohlemiller, T. J., Erik L. Johnsson, and Richard G. Gann. Measurement needs for fire safety:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6527.

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Peacock, Richard D. Fire safety of passenger trains :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1406.

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Harriss, Lydia, and Erin Johnson. Fire Safety of Construction Products. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn575.

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Fires at Grenfell Tower in 2017, Lakanal House in 2009, and other residential tower blocks have raised questions about how construction products affect the severity and spread of fires. This briefing considers how the fire safety of construction products is regulated; how products are tested and classified; and challenges for product testing and the building regulations more widely.

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Quintiere, James G. Analytical methods for fire safety design. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.87-3675.

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Ruegg, Rosalie T. Improving the fire safety of cigarettes :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.1242.

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Weiss, Pam. Safety, Health, and Fire Prevention Guide for Hospital Safety Managers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265518.

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Madrzykowski, Daniel, and Robert L. Vettori. A sprinkler fire suppression algorithm for the GSA engineering fire assessment system. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4833.

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