Relevant bibliographies by topics / Safety and availability

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Safety and availability'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Safety and availability"

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Hanauer, Stephen B. "Balancing drug availability and patient safety." Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology 4, no. 3 (March 2007): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpgasthep0762.

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Hanauer, Stephen B. "Balancing drug availability and patient safety." Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 3, no. 4 (April 2007): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpgasthep0762x.

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Guarro, Sergio B. "Reliability, availability, maintainability and safety assessment." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 43, no. 3 (January 1994): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(94)90038-8.

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Cheng, Allen C., and Ken D. Winkel. "Antivenom efficacy, safety and availability: measuring smoke." Medical Journal of Australia 180, no. 1 (January 2004): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb05763.x.

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Simpson, Ken. "Specifying Availability/Reliability Figures for Safety Systems." Safety and Reliability 10, no. 2 (June 1990): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09617353.1990.11690561.

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Boukef, K. "Overall strategy for blood safety and availability." ISBT Science Series 1, no. 1 (September 2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-2824.2006.00001.x.

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Vanderperre, E. J. "Point availability of a robot-safety device." Operations Research Letters 28, no. 3 (April 2001): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6377(01)00056-6.

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Houssin, Remy, and Amadou Coulibaly. "Safety-based availability assessment at design stage." Computers & Industrial Engineering 70 (April 2014): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2014.01.005.

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Meckstroth, Steven, Michael Schwartz, and Naurang Agrawal. "NSAIDs Safety Implications of Over-the-Counter Availability." Drug Safety 7, no. 4 (1992): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-199207040-00001.

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Anasetti, Claudio, Effie W. Petersdorf, Paul J. Martin, Ann Woolfrey, and John A. Hansen. "Improving availability and safety of unrelated donor transplants." Current Opinion in Oncology 12, no. 2 (March 2000): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001622-200003000-00004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Safety and availability"

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Asanga, P. M. "Availability and safety study of an oil refinery." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379034.

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Whipp, Alexander R. "Youth Farm Safety: Identification of Common Tasks and Availability of Safety and HealthTeaching Resources." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu152414759731944.

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Ghafghazi, Hamidreza. "Privacy-Preserving Location-Aware Data Availability and Access Authorization in Public Safety Broadband Networks." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36006.

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The increased demand for interoperability among Emergency Responders (ERs) and timely accessibility to a large amount of reliable, accurate, context and location aware, and privacy-preserved data (e.g., environmental data, health records, building plan, etc.), mandates the emergence of dedicated Public Safety Broadband Networks (PSBNs). However, realizing PSBNs and addressing such requirements encounters substantial challenges. For example, several security and privacy vulnerabilities have been detected in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) which is the leading enabler of PSBNs. Nonetheless, the more significant challenge lies under the corresponding data requirements. This is because data is unstructured, its volume is enormous, and it includes inaccurate, irrelevant, and context-free data. Moreover, the data sources are heterogeneous and may not be reachable in an emergency. Furthermore, the data contains personally identifiable information for which privacy and access authorization should be respected. In this thesis, we investigate and address the aforementioned challenges. Here, we propose an efficient and secure algorithm to mitigate the main security and privacy vulnerability of LTE. In addition, to provide context and location aware data availability during an emergency, we propose a secure data storage structure and privacy-preserving search scheme. Furthermore, we propose a location-aware data access model to filter irrelevant data with regards to an incident and prevent unauthorized data access. To envision our access model, we propose a location-aware fine grained access authorization scheme. Our security analysis shows that our search scheme is secure against a chosen keyword attack and the proposed authorization scheme is formally proven secure against a selective chosen ciphertext attack. Concerning performance efficiency, our search scheme requires minimal data search and retrieval delay and the proposed authorization scheme imposes constant communication and decryption computation overheads. Finally, we propose a context-aware framework, which fully complies with emergency response requirements, based on the concept of trust to filter-out inaccurate and irrelevant data. The integration of our contributions promises highly reliable, accurate, context and location aware, and privacy-preserved data availability and timely data accessibility.
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Thomaidis, Thomas Vassiliou. "Incorporation of flexibility, reliability, availability, maintenance and safety aspects in process operations and design." Thesis, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283179.

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Botha, Barend HJ. "Systematic review: Availability, effectiveness and safety of assisted reproductive techniques in Sub-Saharan Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29315.

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STUDY QUESTION: What is the evidence pertaining to availability, effectiveness and safety of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa? SUMMARY ANSWER: According to overall limited and heterogeneous evidence, availability and utilization of ART are very low, clinical pregnancy rates largely compare to other regions but are accompanied by high multiple pregnancy rates, and in the near absence of data on deliveries and live births the true degree of effectiveness and safety remains to be established. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: In most world regions, availability, utilization and outcomes of ART are monitored and reported by national and regional ART registries. In sub-Saharan Africa there is only one national and no regional registry to date, raising the question what other evidence exists documenting the status of ART in this region. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A systematic review was conducted searching PUBMED, SCOPUS, AFRICAWIDE, WEB OF SCIENCE and CINAHL databases from January 2000 to June 2017. A total of 29 studies were included in the review. The extracted data were not suitable for meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHOD: The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. All peer-reviewed manuscripts irrespective of language or study design that presented original data pertaining to availability, effectiveness and safety of ART in sub-Saharan Africa were eligible for inclusion. Selection criteria were specified prior to the search. Two authors independently reviewed studies for possible inclusion and critically appraised selected manuscripts. Data were analyzed descriptively, being unsuitable for statistical analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The search yielded 810 references of which 29 were included based on the predefined selection and eligibility criteria. Extracted data came from 23 single centre observational studies, 2 global ART reports, 2 reviews, 1 national data registry and 1 community-based study. ART services were available in 10 countries and delivered by 80 centres in 6 of these. Data pertaining to number of procedures existed from 3 countries totalling 4619 fresh non-donor aspirations in 2010. The most prominent barrier to access was cost. Clinical pregnancy rates ranged between 21.2% to 43.9% per embryo transfer but information on deliveries and live births were lacking, seriously limiting evaluation of ART effectiveness. When documented, the rate of multiple pregnancy was high with information on outcomes similarly lacking. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The findings in this review are based on limited data from a limited number of countries, and are derived from heterogeneous studies, both in terms of study design and quality, many of which include small sample sizes. Although representing best available evidence, this requires careful interpretation regarding the degree of representativeness of the current status of ART in sub-Saharan Africa. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The true extent and outcome of ART in sub-Saharan Africa could not be reliably documented as the relevant information was not available. Current efforts are underway to establish a regional ART data registry in order to report and monitor availability, effectiveness and safety of ART thus contributing to evidence-based practice and possible development strategies. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): No funding was received for this study. The authors had no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42016032336
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Sevene, Esperança Júlia Pires. "Availability and safety use of drugs in vulnerable populations:the case of pregnant woman in developing countries." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2282.

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Research involving human subjects must be performed with standards that promote protection of their rights. Several codes were developed and all are unanimous in the following ethic principles: respect for persons, beneficence and justice. The fulfilment of these principles will assure that the dignity, rights, safety and well-being of the participants in a biomedical research are guaranteed.

The need of a special protection to those with diminished autonomy is a common requirement to all codes. Pregnant women are defined as a vulnerable population because of the potential risk of harm of the foetus. Apart from the foetal risk, pregnant women in developing countries have additional potential for vulnerability, as in most of the cases they are economically or/and educationally disadvantaged individuals. Their generally low level of education may put them in a difficult situation to fully understand consent forms and the risk-benefit assessment provided by the researchers.

In recent years, the evidence-based medicine has been an important international goal. Mechanisms to support the use of research-based evidence in developing health policy are being promoted. The research must be sensitive to the potential for vulnerability when designing evidence-based trials and they have to assure that the vulnerable population is being protected.

With the intention to protect the vulnerable population, some groups such as pregnant women have being traditionally excluded from clinical trials. As a result of this exclusion, pregnant women are being exposed to medicines in situations where no evidence-based information is available on efficacy and safety. They are deprived of the benefits of treatment in order to be protected themselves and their offspring from an unknown risk. Although is very clear that protection of a vulnerable population, particularly the pregnant women, is mandatory in the design of any trial, the challenges of the implementation of this principle should be taken into account in order to not increase the gap between the introduction of a pharmaceutical product in the market and the availability of safety information for its use in pregnancy.

In developing countries maternal mortality is an important public health problem. Most maternal deaths occur in the poorest countries particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Mozambique the rate could be between 408-1000 per 100 000 live births according to the source of information. Several studies have addressed different causes of maternal mortality in Africa, eclampsia and malaria being part of the five most reported.

There is strong evidence of the effectiveness of magnesium sulphate (MGSO4) in women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia but the drug is not available in some countries. The example of MgSO4 has being used to describe failure in translating results of research into policy and/or practice.

For malaria treatment few drugs were considered effective and safe for use during pregnancy including chloroquine, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and quinine. The information on safety comes from a long experience of use. The emergency of resistance of P. falciparum to these drugs is limiting its use in most of endemic areas. The artemisinin derivatives are being strongly recommended to be used in combination with other antimalarial drugs. Preclinical studies have consistently shown that artemisinin and its derivatives are embryolethal and teratogenic in animals. Current available information is not adequate to extrapolate the results in animals to humans.

Limited data on the safety profile of antimalarial drugs during pregnancy is a challenge. Nowadays these drugs are used in pregnant women based on retrospective cumulative risk-benefit assessment. Mechanisms of prospectively monitoring the drugs use are required to protect pregnant women from the potential risk.

The aim of this thesis is to describe the (un)availability of drugs and their reasons, as well as, the (un)availability of safety information on drugs needed to be used during pregnancy in Southern Africa, and to propose mechanisms to effectively monitor drug safety in pregnancy in developing countries.

In order to achieve this objective four studies were performed. In the first study a qualitative case-study based on interviews and bibliographic review was performed in Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Factors affecting the (un)availability of MgSO4 were assessed. This study showed that research evidence regarding the effectiveness of MgSO4 for the treatment of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia, was widely known in the study countries. However, the registration, approval, acquisition and distribution of MgSO4, and hence its availability to clinicians, was affected by market and systems failures. With this study we concluded that the low cost of magnesium sulphate, as well as the mechanisms through which it is procured, means that market forces alone cannot be relied upon to ensure its availability. Governments and international organizations must be prepared to intervene to ensure the wide availability of low cost, effective drugs critical to improving public health in Africa.

The second and the third studies shown that antimalarial drugs are being used in pregnant women even without information on its safety profile in this particular group. Robust safety monitoring systems are clearly needed in developing countries to accompany the deployment of new drugs, especially those with a potential teratogenic risk.

The fourth study showed that spontaneous reporting system may be a tool for drug safety monitoring. This system could be used to increase health care providers' and patients' awareness of possible ADRs, and to develop a culture to report these reactions. Spontaneous reporting and pregnancy registries were presented as examples of mechanisms that could and should be in place.

Recommendations on how these systems could be effectively implemented in resource constrained countries were also presented.

All these studies suggest that the definition of vulnerability of pregnant women in developing countries should not be restricted to the potential risk of harm of the foetus (harm-based definition) or to the difficulty of fully understanding consent forms (consent-based definitions). Women are also vulnerable because of the high risk of dying from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy. The implementation of these ethic principles need to take into account the urgent need to implement effective and safe drugs targeted to reduce the burden of maternal morbidity and mortality.
La investigación relativa a los seres humanos debe realizarse dentro de unos estándares que promuevan la protección de sus derechos. Varios códigos han sido desarrollados y todos ellos coinciden unánimemente en los siguientes principios éticos: el respeto por las personas, la beneficencia y la justicia. La realización de estos principios debe asegurar la dignidad, los derechos, la seguridad y el bienestar de los participantes en una investigación biomédica sean preservados.

La necesidad de una protección especial hacia aquellos seres cuya autonomía sea limitada es un requerimiento común para todos los códigos. Las mujeres embarazadas están definidas como un grupo de población vulnerable dado el riesgo potencial de causar daño al feto. Además del riesgo para el feto, las mujeres embarazadas en los países en desarrollo son potencialmente más vulnerables, y suelen contar con desventajas a nivel económico y/o educativo. Su nivel de educación, por lo general bajo, les pone en una situación difícil, dificultando la comprensión de los formularios de consentimiento y la evaluación del riesgo-beneficio que prestan los investigadores.

En los últimos años, la medicina basada en la evidencia ha sido una meta muy importante a nivel internacional. Se están promoviendo mecanismos para respaldar el uso de la evidencia científica para la definición de política de desarrollo de la salud. La investigación debe ser sensible a la vulnerabilidad potencial cuando se diseñan ensayos basados en la evidencia. Además, se debe asegurar que la población vulnerable esté siendo protegida.

Con la intención de proteger a esa población vulnerable, algunos grupos como los de mujeres embarazadas han sido tradicionalmente excluidos de los ensayos clínicos. Como resultado de esta exención, algunas mujeres embarazadas están siendo expuestas a medicamentos de los que no hay información basada en la evidencia en cuanto a su eficacia y seguridad. Este hecho las priva de los beneficios del tratamiento que debería protegerlas, a ellas y sus hijos, de un riesgo desconocido. Aunque está muy claro que proteger a una población vulnerable, particularmente a las mujeres embarazadas, es obligatorio en el diseño de un ensayo clínico, los retos de la implementación de este principio no deberían aumentar el vacío entre la introducción de un producto farmacéutico en el mercado y la disponibilidad de información sobre su seguridad para uso en el embarazo.

En los países en vías de desarrollo la mortalidad materna es un problema importante de salud pública. La mayoría de muertes maternas ocurren en los países más pobres, particularmente en África Subsahariana. En Mozambique el índice puede ser entre 408-1000 por 100000 nacidos vivos, dependiendo de la fuente de información. Diferentes estudios han señalado diversas causas de mortalidad materna en África, encontrándose la eclampsia y la malaria entre las cinco primeras.

Existe una gran evidencia de la eficacia del sulfato de magnesio (MGSO4) en mujeres con pre-eclampsia y eclampsia, sin embargo el fármaco no está disponible en algunos países. El ejemplo del sulfato de magnesio se ha utilizado para describir el fracaso en el traslado de los resultados de la investigación a la práctica y/o política.

Para el tratamiento de la malaria, se consideró seguro el uso durante el embarazo de algunos fármacos incluyendo cloroquina, sulfadoxinapirimetamina y quinina. La información sobre seguridad responde a una gran experiencia de uso. El aumento de resistencia de P. falciparum a estos fármacos está limitando su uso en la mayoría de las zonas endémicas. Actualmente se está recomendando el uso de los derivados de la artemisinina en combinación con otros fármacos antimaláricos. Los estudios preclínicos han mostrado sistemáticamente que la artemisina y sus derivados son embrioletales y teratogénicos en animales. La información disponible hasta la fecha no es adecuada para extrapolar los resultados de los animales a los humanos.

Los datos limitados en el perfil de seguridad de los fármacos antimaláricos durante el embarazo constituyen un desafío. Hoy en día, estos fármacos se usan en mujeres embarazadas basándose en una valoración retrospectiva acumulativa de riesgo-beneficio. Se necesitarían mecanismos de monitorización prospectiva del uso de los fármacos para proteger a las mujeres de su riesgo potencial.

El objetivo de esta tesis es el de describir la disponibilidad o no disponibilidad de los fármacos y sus razones; describir la disponibilidad o no disponibilidad de información sobre la seguridad de estos fármacos que son de uso necesario en el sureste de África. Se pretende también proponer mecanismos efectivos para monitorizar la seguridad de los fármacos en el embarazo en los países en desarrollo.

Para alcanzar estos objetivos se llevaron a cabo cuatro estudios. El primero consistía en un estudio cualitativo de casos basados en entrevistas y en una revisión bibliográfica en Mozambique y Zimbawe. Se evaluaron los factores que afectaban a la disponibilidad o no disponibilidad del sulfato de magnesio. El estudio mostró que la evidencia científica respecto a la eficacia del sulfato de magnesio para el tratamiento de la eclampsia y la pre-eclampsia fue ampliamente conocida en los países del estudio. Sin embargo, el registro, aprobación, adquisición y distribución del sulfato de magnesio y como consecuencia, su disponibilidad para los médicos se vio afectada por fallos de mercado y de sistema. Este estudio concluye que el bajo coste del sulfato de magnesio, así como el mecanismo a través del cual se obtiene, significa que las fuerzas del mercado por si solas no pueden asegurar su disponibilidad. Los gobiernos y las organizaciones internacionales deben estar preparados para intervenir y para asegurar una amplia disponibilidad de fármacos efectivos de bajo coste, críticos para mejorar la salud pública en África.

El segundo y tercer estudio mostraron que los fármacos antimaláricos se están usando en mujeres embarazadas sin contar con información sobre su perfil de seguridad en este grupo particular. Se necesita claramente una monitorización fuerte y segura en los países en vías de desarrollo para acompañar el despliegue de los nuevos fármacos, especialmente aquellos que conllevan un potencial riesgo teratogénico.

El cuarto estudio mostró que el sistema de notificación espontánea puede ser una herramienta para la monitorización de la seguridad de los fármacos. Este sistema se podrá usar para incrementar la consciencia en proveedores de salud y en enfermos sobre las posibles reacciones adversas de fármacos. Ello permitirá desarrollar una cultura de notificación de estas reacciones. La notificación espontánea y los registros de embarazo se presentaron como ejemplos de mecanismos que podrían y deberían ser implementados. Las recomendaciones de cómo estos sistemas podrían ser implementados de forma efectiva en países con recursos limitados también fueron presentadas.

Todos estos estudios sugieren que la definición de vulnerabilidad de las mujeres embarazas en los países en desarrollo no se puede restringir a causa del riesgo potencial de daño al feto, o debido a la dificultad de entender por completo los formularios de consentimiento. También son vulnerables por el riesgo elevado de morir por alguna causa relacionada o agravada por el embarazo. La implementación de estos principios éticos necesita tener en cuenta la necesidad de implementar fármacos diana efectivos y seguros para reducir la mortalidad y morbilidad materna.
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Olivier, Anna-Louise. "Psychological conditions that mediate between job demands and resources, and work engagement / Anna-Louise Olivier." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1401.

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Karimi, Hossein. "QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF CRAFT LABOR AVAILABILITY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PERFORMANCE." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/56.

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A shortage of skilled craft labor in the North American construction industry has been an unfortunate cyclic trend since the late 1980s. This shortage has been reported and discussed frequently by numerous past studies in the context of construction industry. The 2008 U.S. recession was at least one period when the craft shortage temporarily improved, as witnessed by spikes in construction unemployment rates above 20% due to the work slowdowns. However, the current economic recovery period is once again experiencing craft shortages in some sectors of the U.S. construction industry. Although the past literature provides wealth of information about influence of craft labor shortage on construction project, less attention has been given to quantifying the impact of craft labor availability on construction project performance. The primary contribution of this study to the body of knowledge is to fill the gap in existing literature by quantitatively modelling and elucidating the influence of craft labor availability on construction project performance as measured by safety, schedule, productivity and cost. Data from 97 construction projects completed in the U.S. and Canada between 2001 and 2014 were collected from two data sources. A number of t-tests and regression analyses were conducted in both databases to examine the significance of the influence of craft labor shortage on construction project performance. The primary analysis shows that projects that experienced craft shortages underwent significant higher growth in cost overrun, time overrun, safety incident and also lower productivity compared to projects that did not. Further analysis on two databases returned the following models: 1) a Poisson regression model that demonstrates a positive exponential relationship between increased craft worker recruiting difficulty and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Total Number of Recordable Incident Cases per 200,000 Actual Direct Work Hours (TRIR) on construction projects. 2) a statistically significant correlation between increased craft recruiting difficulty and lower project productivity and higher schedule overruns 3) a multiple regression models that demonstrate a relationship between increased construction cost overrun with two variables of increased actual cost and increased craft staffing difficulty. These models are intended to be used by project management team to perceive the risk that skilled craft labor variability poses on project safety, productivity, time, and cost performance. In addition, understanding the level of impact that craft shortages are having through robust statistical analyses is a first step in developing the motivation for industry leaders, communities, and construction stakeholders to address this challenge.
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Meng, Huixing. "Modeling Patterns for Performance Analysis of Production and Safety Systems in Process Industry." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX074/document.

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Les systèmes de production et de sûreté de fonctionnement sont d'une importance majeure dans l'industrie des procédés. Leurs performances impactent directement les intérêts de l'industrie. Ces systèmes ont des comportements similaires. Ces comportements peuvent être conceptualisés dans des modèles via des patterns de modélisation. La réutilisation de ces patterns permet de rendre le processus de modélisation à la fois simplifiée et plus efficace.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un ensemble varié de patterns de modélisation. Ils sont classés en fonction de leur usage, ce qui reflète le fonctionnement d'un pattern de modélisation. Les patterns sont présentés sous forme d’un catalogue. Sur la base de l'étude de nombreux systèmes de production et de sécurité, vingt-quatre (24) patterns de modélisation sont introduits. Chaque pattern est représenté par un ensemble d'éléments structurés. Nous proposons une méthodologie basée sur les patterns pour l'analyse des performances des systèmes de production et de sûreté de fonctionnement.Pour tester la pertinence des patterns de modélisation suggérés, nous avons mené des études expérimentales sur un ensemble de systèmes de production et de sûreté. Tous les systèmes de validation sont extraits de la littérature. Ces systèmes traitent la majorité des difficultés de modélisation détectées auparavant. Une comparaison est effectuée entre les résultats obtenus en utilisant la modélisation basée sur les patterns et ceux rapportés dans la littérature
Production and safety systems are crucial in the process industry. Their performances affect significantly the industry interests. These systems have common behaviors. Such behaviors can be captured in models via modeling patterns. By reusing modeling patterns, the modeling process can be simplified and made more efficient.In this thesis, we propose a versatile set of modeling patterns. They are classified according to their purpose, which reflects what a modeling pattern works for. Modeling patterns are exhibited as a catalog. Based on reviewing numerous production and safety systems, twenty-four (24) modeling patterns are introduced. Each pattern is illustrated with a set of structured items. We propose a pattern-based methodology for performance analysis of production and safety systems.To test the applicability of proposed modeling patterns, we conducted experimental studies on a set of production and safety systems. All systems are extracted from the literature. These systems are declared to cover most of modeling difficulties. Comparisons are performed between the results obtained using modeling patterns and those reported in the literature
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Basharat, Salma. "Proactive Emergency Preparedness in the Barents Sea." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for produksjons- og kvalitetsteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18401.

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Today rise in oil and gas demand, energy crisis, issues concerning energy security and increase in oil prices in the world provoke further exploration and production of oil and gas. The Arctic Sea is the last frontier of abundant hydrocarbon reserves. Having effective regulations, innovative technologies and adequate safety norms, the world has still seen some major accidents such as Gulf of Mexico accident. Knowing that offshore petroleum industry is moving further north in Arctic poses additional challenges due to harsh climatic conditions and remoteness from existing oil and gas infrastructure. The objective of this thesis is to provide an overview of offshore petroleum activity in arctic and sub-arctic areas as well as the accidents which took place in these areas. Furthermore, the accidents are analyzed with respect to the emergency preparedness handling of accidents using the NORSOK Z-013 standard as one basis. The thesis also discusses the anticipated emergency preparedness challenges for arctic and sub-arctic areas. The Arctic Sea is the final destination in the north having enormous amount of hydrocarbons. The harsh weather conditions of the Arctic Sea characterized by polar lows, long nights, extreme fog and sub-zero temperatures have not prevented the countries bordering the Arctic Sea in exploiting the oil and gas resources. Russia, having extended pipeline infrastructure, has the most active part in the Arctic region followed by the US and Norway. The offshore exploration and production activities in the Canadian and Greenland Arctic Sea are gradually progressing. Up to date, there have been very few accidents in the Arctic Sea thereby providing a limited knowledge base for emergency response in the Arctic Sea. The accidents which we have been able to account for are mainly related to blowout, pipeline leak, ship collision and capsize accidents. The accidents have occurred in the Russian Arctic Sea and the Alaskan Arctic Sea.The NORSOK Z-013 standard refers to alert, danger limitation, rescue, evacuation, and normalization as the five emergency preparedness phases and their detailed description is available in the Activities Regulation by the Petroleum Safety Authority in Norway (PSAN). It is stated in the NORSOK Z-013 standard that a set of Defined Situation of Hazard and Accident (DSHA) needs to be defined as part of the risk and emergency preparedness analysis. The set of DSHAs provided in the “Trends in risk level” project is used in this thesis for the classification and analysis of the accidents in the Arctic Sea.The analysis of the accidents in the Arctic Sea shows that all the emergency operations went through the phases of alert and normalization while the oil spill related accidents did not pass through escape and evacuate operations as there were no personnel involved in these accidents. All the emergency operations were affected by bad and tough weather conditions. Advanced emergency preparedness tools, equipment and technology are needed for effective emergency operations under such conditions. Due to scarcity of accidents in the Arctic Sea, only four DSHAs (out of 12) have been experienced, or at least reported. It may be that some of the remaining DSHAs are not reported due to minor consequences. In addition to the lessons learned from the emergency response operations for the accidents experienced in the Arctic Sea, there are also some emergency preparedness challenges which can be anticipated. The challenging weather conditions due to sudden polar lows, strong winds, spray icing, snowstorms and severe fog can hamper the emergency operations. Furthermore, long distances and lack of infrastructure can create communication and logistic problems and can result in delay of rescue and evacuation operations. Robust and reliable ice and weather data is a challenge due to global warming and may become a limiting factor for the adequate design of offshore equipment. The use and maintenance of emergency response equipment is also a challenge in sometimes dark, snowy and foggy areas of the Arctic Sea and the Barents Sea.
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Books on the topic "Safety and availability"

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Reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety assessment. Chichester: J. Wiley, 1992.

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Villemeur, Alain. Reliability, availability, maintainability and safety assessment. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 1992.

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FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION. Takeoff safety training aid announcement of availability. Washington, D.C. (800 Independence Ave., S.W., Washington 20591): U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, 1994.

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Kumar, Uday, Alireza Ahmadi, Ajit Kumar Verma, and Prabhakar Varde, eds. Current Trends in Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23597-4.

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Cosper, Donna K. Availability of passenger safety information for improved survival in aircraft accidents. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aerospace Medicine, 2004.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Electronic availability of microgravity experiments safety and integration requirements documents. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Handbook of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety in Engineering Design. London: Springer London, 2009.

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Schneeweiss, Winfrid G. Reliability modeling: (modeling in the fields of dependability, availability, maintainability, and safety engineering). Hagen: LiLoLe-Verlag, 2001.

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Aviation safety: Enhanced oversight and improved availability of risk-based data could further improve safety : report to congressional committees. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office, 2011.

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Faulin, Javier. Simulation Methods for Reliability and Availability of Complex Systems. London: Springer-Verlag London, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Safety and availability"

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Aggarwal, K. K. "Maintainability and Availability." In Topics in Safety, Reliability and Quality, 153–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1928-3_8.

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Baro, Sylvain. "A High-Availability Safety Computer." In Security of Computer Architectures, 425–46. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118600696.ch11.

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Lydersen, Stian. "Periodically Overhauled Systems Availability." In Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management ’96, 172–77. London: Springer London, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3409-1_28.

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(Ravi) Ravishankar, T. J., Lionel D. Bates, and John M. Romagnino. "Setpoint Design Impact on Availability." In Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management, 3678–84. London: Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-410-4_588.

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Redmill, F., and K. Boot-Handford. "Another Dimension of Availability." In Achieving Safety and Reliability with Computer Systems, 276–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3461-0_23.

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Roth, Dana L. "CHAPTER 7. Commercial Availability, Safety, and Hazards." In Chemical Information for Chemists, 184–205. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782620655-00184.

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Timpanaro, Juan Pablo, Isabelle Chrisment, and Olivier Festor. "Improving Content Availability in the I2P Anonymous File-Sharing Environment." In Cyberspace Safety and Security, 77–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35362-8_8.

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Zio, E., M. Marella, and L. Podofillini. "Availability Assessment of Multi-State Systems with Operational Dependence." In Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management, 914–19. London: Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-410-4_148.

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Signoret, Jean-Pierre, and Alain Leroy. "Extensions to Production Availability and Functional Safety Analyses." In Springer Series in Reliability Engineering, 121–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64708-7_6.

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Morant, Amparo, Anna Gustafson, and Peter Söderholm. "Safety and Availability Evaluation of Railway Signalling Systems." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 303–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23597-4_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Safety and availability"

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Wang, Peng, and Yan Bai. "Safety and availability optimization of safety instrumented system." In 2011 9th International Conference on Reliability, Maintainability and Safety (ICRMS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrms.2011.5979330.

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Cossy, Melanie. "Software Safety Architecture to Fulfill Increased Safety and Availability Requirements." In SAE 2003 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-0102.

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Carlucci, Elisa, and Leonardo Tognarelli. "e-LNG Plant Availability Estimation." In Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2724-3_0733-cd.

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Hun, Kok Ping, and Khairul Nizam Baharim. "Predictive Modelling for Asset Availability using Artificial Intelligence." In 33rd European Safety and Reliability Conference. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-18-8071-1_p050-cd.

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Zheng, Heng, and Liming Ren. "Availability analysis of satellite constellation." In 2009 8th International Conference on Reliability, Maintainability and Safety (ICRMS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrms.2009.5270198.

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Salmi, Louis-Rachid, Eric Tellier, and Bruno Simonnet. "PW 2149 Issues in data availability and results in two international surveys on drowning." In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.437.

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Sackx, Eva, and Antonio Longhi. "An Integrated Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability Approach for Metro Systems." In 33rd European Safety and Reliability Conference. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-18-8071-1_p541-cd.

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Akrouche, Joanna, Mohamed Sallak, Eric Châktelet, Fahed Abdallah, and Hiba Haj Chhadâ. "Methodology for Imprecise Availability Computing and Optimization." In Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2724-3_0599-cd.

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Zhao, Guangyan, Yufeng Sun, Weiwei Hu, and Tong Qin. "Study on constellation per-slot availability." In 2013 International Conference on Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance, and Safety Engineering (QR2MSE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qr2mse.2013.6625582.

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Brunink, Marc, Martin Susskraut, and Christof Fetzer. "Boundless memory allocations for memory safety and high availability." In Networks (DSN). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2011.5958203.

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Reports on the topic "Safety and availability"

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Agency, Food Standards. The impact of labour shortages on UK food availability and safety. Food Standards Agency, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.oac747.

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This research used a food systems approach to examine the impact of labour supply shortages on key aspects of the food system. It provides insight into the consequences of labour shortages as reported in 2021, the complex processes that combined to create the shortages and the resultant impact on the Food Standards Agency’s (FSA) ability to effectively do its job. The research also explored consumers’ perceptions of food availability and food safety. Three key questions guided our research: how do labour shortages impact on food availability and safety, now and in the future? how do labour shortages impact the FSA’s ability to execute their protocol, now and in the future? what are consumers' perceptions of food safety and how does this relate to potential food risks arising due to labour shortages? To answer these questions, we needed to identify the key labour shortages across the food sector (food production, processing, and logistics) and the risks arising from those labour shortages in the wider food system. A summary of those risks as they relate to the FSA is presented below:
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Huysamen, Kirsten, Murray Collins, and Alice Wardle. MIS070 GSR Technical study to to assess and develop performance requirements and test protocols for driver availability monitoring systems. TRL, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/tmfa9969.

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river Availability Monitoring Systems (DAMS) for Automated Driving Systems (ADS) (SAE Level 3 and 4) are an integral measure to ensure road safety. A DAMS system must ensure that the driver is available, ready, willing and able to take back control of the vehicle from automated mode safely. The aim of this study was to suggest as many of the DAMS system requirements as feasible and finalise the preliminary list of items that should be covered by requirements and tests in the future DAMS technical annex.
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Cook, Stephen, and Loyd Hook. Developmental Pillars of Increased Autonomy for Aircraft Systems. ASTM International, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/tr2-eb.

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Increased automation for aircraft systems holds the promise to increase safety, precision, and availability for manned and unmanned aircraft. Specifically, established aviation segments, such as general aviation and light sport, could utilize increased automation to make significant progress towards solving safety and piloting difficulties that have plagued them for some time. Further, many emerging market segments, such as urban air mobility and small unmanned (e.g., small parcel delivery with drones) have a strong financial incentive to develop increased automation to relieve the pilot workload, and/or replace in-the-loop pilots for most situations. Before these advances can safely be made, automation technology must be shown to be reliable, available, accurate, and correct within acceptable limits based on the level of risk these functions may create. However since inclusion of these types of systems is largely unprecedented at this level of aviation, what constitutes these required traits (and at what level they must be proven to) requires development as well. Progress in this domain will likely be captured and disseminated in the form of best practices and technical standards created with collaboration from regulatory and industry groups. This work intends to inform those standards producers, along with the system designers, with the goal of facilitating growth in aviation systems toward safe, methodical, and robust inclusion of these new technologies. Produced by members of the manned and unmanned small aircraft community, represented by ASTM task group AC 377, this work strives to suggest and describe certain fundamental principles, or “pillars”, of complex aviation systems development, which are applicable to the design and architectural development of increased automation for aviation systems.
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Srivastava, Shilpi, Jeremy Allouche, Roz Price, and Tina Nelis. Bringing WASH into the Water–Energy–Food Nexus in Humanitarian Settings. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.006.

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This paper examines the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus in a humanitarian context, with a specific focus on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). It highlights the complex and non-linear interactions that WASH has with other areas of the WEF nexus. In doing so, it blends the social dimensions (access, safety, consumption, and use) with the WEF resource dimensions (availability and resource sustainability), including a further emphasis on sanitation as a key, but often ignored, element of the WEF nexus. Drawing on the case of the Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh, we examine how household-level access to WASH shapes and is shaped by use, access, and availability of energy and food, and finally their effects on host–refugee interactions. We find that there are implicit and explicit links between WASH and WEF. Moreover, any small intervention in any of the WEF areas has positive knock-on effects on the other resources, especially in enhancing resource access and use. We conclude that bottom-up perspectives on these interlinkages with active participation from both host and refugee households are required to understand the implicit and explicit connections across WASH and the WEF nexus in humanitarian contexts. We also argue that sanitation is a key element of the WEF nexus and should not be ignored within the predominant resource-centric framing of the WEF.
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Wiley, Jenny L., Camille K. Gourdet, and Brian F. Thomas. Cannabidiol: Science, Marketing, and Legal Perspectives. RTI Press, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.op.0065.2004.

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Recent loosening of legal restrictions on cannabis and its chemical constituents, including phytocannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), has led to rapid proliferation and wide availability of products containing CBD. Although using pure CBD does not result in THC-like intoxication, it is not risk-free. In this review, we examine CBD from scientific, marketing, and regulatory perspectives. Specifically, we evaluate the evidence used to support statements concerning CBD’s real and putative medical effects and discuss misleading information that has been used in marketing approaches. Also, we explore the current legal landscape surrounding CBD. We conclude that further research is necessary to clarify legitimate therapeutic effects of CBD. Federal regulation is also necessary to assure quality, safety, and efficacy of CBD products. Until new regulations are enacted to ensure purity and label accuracy, consumers should balance any perceived benefits of CBD use against potential risks associated with using products of unknown quality.
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Hedrick and Jacobs. PR-457-14201-R01 Variable Natural Gas - Composition Effects and Control Methods for Two-Stroke Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010027.

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Literature is reviewed for the impacts of variable natural gas composition on two-stroke lean burn pipeline compressor engines. Information gathered for these engines can be simplified for development of control algorithms in four-stroke and richer burning engines. Data shows that geospatial, geological, and transient hydraulic effects cause composition variations that adversely affect engine emissions, efficiency, rated performance, and operational safety considering auto-ignition effects. In order to compensate for these changes in composition, better engine control schemes can help meet desired performance goals. For specific gas compositions combusting at a fixed air-fuel ratio, the laminar flame speed, adiabatic flame temperature, and ignition delay relate to and allow the prediction of the mixture�s reactivity, thermal availability, and auto-ignition tendency. Predicting changes in these combustion parameters, as caused by changes in fuel composition, is essential to the success of control development for variable composition engine operation. In addition to addressing the associated combustion effects resulting from variable fuel composition, an overview of sensor technologies is presented for use in control applications.
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Zandiatashbar, Ahoura, Jochen Albrecht, and Hilary Nixon. A Bike System for All in Silicon Valley: Equity Assessment of Bike Infrastructure in San José, CA. Mineta Transportation Institute, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2162.

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Investing in sustainable, multimodal infrastructure is of increasing importance throughout the United States and worldwide. Cities are increasingly making strategic capital investment decisions about bicycle infrastructure—decisions that need planning efforts that accurately assess the equity aspects of developments, achieve equitable distribution of infrastructures, and draw upon accurate assessment methods. Toward these efforts, this project uses a granular bike network dataset with statistical and geospatial analyses to quantify a bike infrastructure availability score (i.e., bike score) that accounts for the safety and comfort differences in bike path classes in San José, California. San José is the 10th largest U.S. city and a growing tech hub with a booming economy, factors that correlate with increased traffic congestion if adequate multimodal and active transportation infrastructure are not in place. Therefore, San José has been keen on becoming “one of the most bike-friendly communities in North America.” The City’s new plan, which builds on its first bike plan adopted in 2009, envisions a 557-mile network of allages-and-abilities bikeways to support a 20% bicycle mode split (i.e., 20% of all trips to be made by bike) by 2050. Hence, San José makes a perfect study area for piloting this project’s methodology for accurately assessing the equity of urban bike plans and infrastructures. The project uses the above-mentioned bike score (representing the bike infrastructure supply status) and San José residents’ bike travel patterns (to show bike trip demand status) utilizing StreetLight data to answer the following questions: (1) Where are San José's best (bike paradise) and worst (bike desert) regions for cycling? (2) How different are the socioeconomic attributes of San José’s bike desert and paradise residents? (3) Has San José succeeded in achieving an equitable infrastructure distribution and, if so, to what extent? And, (4) has the availability of infrastructure attracted riders from underserved communities and, if so, to what extent? Using the bike infrastructure availability score, this research measures and maps the City of San José's best and worst regions for cycling through geospatial analyses to answer Question 1 above. Further spatial and statistical analyses including t-tests, Pairwise Pearson correlation analysis, descriptive analysis, spatial visualization, principal component analysis (PCA), and multiple regression models to answer Questions 2, 3, and 4. In addition to this report, the findings are used to develop an open access web-tool, the San José Bike Equity Web Map (SJ-BE iMap). This research contributes to the critical assessment and planning efforts of sustainable, multimodal infrastructure in California and beyond.
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Luo, Hao, Ricardo Chahine, Arianna Rambaram, Elizabeth Theresa Rosenzweig, Konstantina Gkritza, and Hua Cai. Assessing the Travel Demand and Mobility Impacts of Transformative Transportation Technologies in Indiana. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317374.

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The rapid development of transformative transportation technologies, such as bike-sharing, shared e-scooters, and ride-hailing systems, is reshaping the transportation landscape. These transformative transportation technologies have the potential to significantly change travel behavior and travel demand and affect transportation agencies’ planning, operations, and decision-making. The objective of this project is to develop a framework and models to quantify the potential travel demand and mobility impacts of transformative transportation technologies in Indiana cities. This project analyzed historical system usage data and conducted survey studies to evaluate the availability and use of transformative transportation technologies in select Indiana cities. The project also proposed a data-driven model to study the relationship between shared micro-mobility and the existing transit system and developed a simulation model to analyze the potential mode choice change under different future development scenarios. Additionally, based on a comprehensive literature review, a list of operations; environmental, health and safety; and accessibility and equity metrics were identified as the Key Performance Indicators to evaluate transformative transportation technologies. Furthermore, as this study was conducted in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the impacts of the pandemic on both traditional and transformative transportation systems were also examined as documented in the literature and stated in our survey.
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Toloo, Sam, Ruvini Hettiarachchi, David Lim, and Katie Wilson. Reducing Emergency Department demand through expanded primary healthcare practice: Full report of the research and findings. Queensland University of Technology, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227473.

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Demand for public hospital emergency departments’ services and care is increasing, placing considerable restraint on their performance and threatens patient safety. Many factors influence such demand including individual characteristics (e.g. perceptions, knowledge, values and norms), healthcare availability, affordability and accessibility, population aging, and internal health system factors (e.g patient flow, discharge process). To alleviate demand, many initiatives have been trialled or suggested, including early identification of at-risk patients, better management of chronic disease to reduce avoidable ED presentation, expanded capacity of front-line clinician to manage sub-acute and non-urgent care, improved hospital flow to reduce access block, and diversion to alternate site for care. However, none have had any major or sustained impact on the growth in ED demand. A major focus of the public discourse on ED demand has been the use and integration of primary healthcare and ED, based on the assumption that between 10%–25% of ED presentations are potentially avoidable if patients’ access to appropriate primary healthcare (PHC) services were enhanced. However, this requires not only improved access but also appropriateness in terms of the patients’ preference and PHC providers’ capacity to address the needs. What is not known at the moment is the extent of the potential for diversion of non-urgent ED patients to PHC and the cost-benefits of such policy and funding changes required, particularly in the Australian context. There is a need to better understand ED patients’ needs and capacity constraint so as to effect delivery of accessible, affordable, efficient and responsive services. Jennie Money Doug Morel
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Yoozbashizadeh, Mahdi, and Forouzan Golshani. Robotic Parking Technology for Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Control Around Park & Rides. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1936.

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A lack or limited availability for parking may have multiple consequences, not the least of which is driver frustration, congestion, and air pollution. However, there is a greater problem that is not widely recognized by the public, namely the negative effect on the use of transit systems due to insufficient parking spaces close to key transit stations. Automated parking management systems, which have been successfully deployed in several European and Japanese cities, can manage parking needs at transit stations more effectively than other alternatives. Numerous studies have confirmed that quick and convenient automobile access to park-and-ride lots can be essential to making public transit competitive with the automobile in suburban areas. Automated parking systems use a robotic platform that carries each vehicle to one of the locations in a custom designed structure. Each location is designed compactly so that considerably more vehicles can be parked in the automated garages than the traditional parking lots. Central to the design of these systems are three key technologies, namely: 1. Mechanical design and the operation of vehicle transfer, i.e., the robotic platform 2. Structural and architectural requirements to meet safety and earthquake standards, among other design imperatives, 3. Automation and intelligent control issues as related to the overall operation and system engineering. This article concerns the first technology, and more specifically the design of the robotic platform for vehicle transfers. We will outline the overall design of the robot and the shuttle, followed by a description of the prototype that was developed in our laboratories. Subsequently, performance related issues and scalability of the current design will be analyzed.
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