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Journal articles on the topic 'Safe sex in AIDS prevention'
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Chacón Ortiz, Manuel, Kenia Barrantes, Rosario Achí, Mary Comerford, and Clyde McCoy,. "Sex practices and knowledge about HIV/AIDS among drug users in a low-income urban community of Costa Rica." Health and Addictions/Salud y Drogas 14, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v14i1.199.
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HIV/AIDS transmission among drug users is associated with education, sex practices and substance use. This study examined 159 drugs users’ knowledge, beliefs and sex behavior related to HIV/AIDS risk in Costa Rica. Results showed considerable use of marihuana, alcohol, crack and cocaine and a very low lifetime incidence of other drugs. All substance use patterns were higher than national averages. Respondents showed a high level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention. However, there did not seem to be a relationship between knowledge and practice. Unprotected sex was common and having an HIV/AIDS test was not a regular practice. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS is not a determinant factor for condom use among this group. It is concluded that having the proper knowledge about transmission and prevention does not guarantee safe sex practices. Further research and public health evidence based practices for HIV/AIDS prevention should target drug user population
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Sah, RB, A. Ghimire, and P. Parajuli. "Knowledge and attitude on sexual behaviour among school adolescents." Health Renaissance 10, no. 3 (December 4, 2012): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7140.
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Background: Most of the adolescents of remote areas of Nepal lack the basic knowledge about sex due to which they are suffering from various sex related problems. Objective: To identify the level of knowledge and attitude about sex, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) especially HIV/AIDS and their prevention in adolescents. Methods: This crosssectional study was conducted in various secondary schools of Dhankuta district involving 200 adolescent students aged between 13 to19 years. Collected data was entered in microsoft excel and analysed. Results: Regarding safe sex, most of the students (26%) believe that safe sex is having sex with single partner only and about 13% percent of them had no idea about safe sex. Most of them (94%) think that HIV/AIDs can be transmitted from one person to another person from unsafe sexual contact. Most of the students (93%) believe that avoiding sex with multiple partners could prevent from getting HIV/AIDs. Conclusion: The perception about sexually transmitted diseases varies among school students. Some still had misconception regarding the route and cause of transmission of STI. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7140 Health Renaissance; September-December 2012; Vol 10 (No.3);224-228
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Mahmood, Shakeel Ahmed Ibne. "HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh: The Role of Government in Health and Human Services Administration." Journal of Health and Human Services Administration 30, no. 2 (June 2007): 129–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107937390703000203.
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Explore the susceptibility of the People of Bangladesh to HIV/AIDS. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the neighboring countries may have reasonable proportions of impact in our country. According to the data provided by a Bangladesh University, the number of detected People living with HIV/AIDS reached 567 as of Dec 2005. Importance of appropriate education on safe sex, violence, HIV/AIDS at all levels of our society, including counseling and advocacy, is emphasized and recommends governmental policy and research for prevention of HIV/AIDS.
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Hunter, Joyce, and Robert Schaecher. "AIDS Prevention for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 75, no. 6 (June 1994): 346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949407500603.
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Knowledge alone is not sufficient to motivate adolescents to adopt safer sex behaviors. Most efforts to address the AIDS crisis among adolescents have focused on providing information about how HIV is transmitted and describing ways to prevent infection. However, recent studies demonstrate that many adolescents lack knowledge and share misconceptions about HIV and do not practice safer sex. The authors present a successful cognitive–behavioral model for HIV prevention. Different modes of clinical intervention are presented within the context of the model.
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Leal, Andréa Fachel, Daniela Riva Knauth, and Márcia Thereza Couto. "The invisibility of heterosexuality in HIV/AIDS prevention for men." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 18, suppl 1 (September 2015): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4503201500050011.
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ABSTRACTHeterosexual men have been a forgotten group for HIV/AIDS interventions and research. Our goal was to identify the different elements that interfere in the prevention of HIV/AIDS among heterosexual men, covering both traditional methods of prevention (especially safe sex practices and testing) and new strategies for prevention (pre- and post-sexual exposure prophylaxis, prevention treatment, and circumcision) in this population. This exploratory article consists of a nonsystematic review of the literature. We discuss the invisibility of heterosexual men in policies, in programs, and in health services. The several interventions analyzed are still poorly monitored and evaluated, so there is a lack of consistent evidence regarding the impact of prevention strategies in this population. Different masculinities, including hegemonic conceptions of masculinity, must be the foundation for interventions targeting men. Men must not be seen merely as a "bridge" in the spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, but also as victims of gender patterns that make them vulnerable.
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Bassman, Lynette E. "Reality Testing and Self-Reported Aids Self-Care Behavior." Psychological Reports 70, no. 1 (February 1992): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.1.59.
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This investigation examined the relationship between reality testing and AIDS self-care behavior for 509 urban college students. It was hypothesized that reality testing may become impaired in sexual interactions that carry the risk of HIV infection, leading to imperfect adoption of safer sex practices. Reality testing, measured by the Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory, was significantly related to AIDS knowledge as measured by the AIDS Prevention Survey of Thomas and not significantly related to self-reported safer sex behavior, measured by Bassman's HIV Infection Prevention Scale.
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Strebel, Anna. "Whose Epidemic is it? Reviewing the Literature on Women and AIDS." South African Journal of Psychology 25, no. 1 (March 1995): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639502500102.
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AIDS is widely presented as a critical problem for women, which raises special issues of prevention and care. Although it is suggested that women are particularly vulnerable physiologically to HIV infection, biomedical research into treatment and prevention options specifically for women has been limited. Considerable social science research at both the theoretical and applied level has been documented. While analyses have tended to highlight broad structural factors, interventions have often been at individual/group level. The literature demonstrates the dilemma of AIDS being seen as women's responsibility, although they lack the power and means to implement safe sex. Gender imbalances in depictions of and responses to AIDS need to be attended to if the epidemic is to be effectively addressed.
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Feeney, Judith A., and Beverly Raphael. "Adult Attachments and Sexuality: Implications for Understanding Risk Behaviours for HIV Infection." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 26, no. 3 (September 1992): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679209072062.
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In response to the AIDS epidemic, there has been an intensification of interest in human sexuality research in general and “safe sex” practices in particular. Most research models have been somewhat mechanistic in focus, however, with little recognition of the significance of affectional needs in the formation and maintenance of sexual relationships. In this paper we propose that relationship issues are central to an understanding of the expression of sexuality, and that attachment theory provides a useful perspective on human sexual bonds. It is suggested that future research could usefully extend the conceptualisation of adult attachment styles by exploring the meaning of attachment relationships for gay and heterosexual couples, and the implications of attachment style for the behaviours associated with sexual relationships, including the negotiation of safe sex practices. Such research would have direct relevance for prevention programs relevant to HIV/AIDS.
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Ozgulnar, N., F. Sasaoglu, M. Cokar, F. Kayaturk, and B. Eren. "T12-P-05 Prevention of HIV/AIDS through empowerment of safe sex practices among sex workers, Istanbul, Turkey." Sexologies 17 (April 2008): S165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1158-1360(08)72978-5.
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Breny, Jean M., and Deirdre C. Lombardi. "‘I don’t want to be that guy walking in the feminine product aisle’: a Photovoice exploration of college men’s perceptions of safer sex responsibility." Global Health Promotion 26, no. 1 (February 2, 2017): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975916679362.
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Incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to increase among young heterosexual men and women in the United States. Although research studies examine the reasons why these young people are not engaging in safe sex behavior, many have not explored factors beyond individual behaviors. Much of the current research focuses on young women, for the most part leaving men out of the equation. In this study, a Photovoice methodology was used to examine social norms, media messaging and perceptions of responsibility surrounding safe sex practices, specifically condom use, among male heterosexual undergraduate students. Results showed that college-aged men are still prioritizing pregnancy prevention over disease prevention, which leads to assumptions that their female partners are on birth control and they do not need to use condoms. Participants pointed to media messages and condom placement that supports women’s responsibility for safer sex and condom negotiation. Future health promotion research and practice should focus on including men in the design and implementation process to address social norms and increase their sense of responsibility.
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Choi, Susanne Y. P. "State Control, Female Prostitution and HIV Prevention in China." China Quarterly 205 (March 2011): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741010001414.
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AbstractBy combining analysis of archival documents and data from 245 sex workers interviewed in south-west China between 2003 and 2007, this article argues that the AIDS crisis has prompted a shift in state discourse about prostitution in China from a victim to a victimizer perspective. Concomitant with this discursive shift is the gradual intensification of control over prostitution. Our data show that the victim perspective overlooks the fact that sex workers are agents who actively negotiate their work and lives amid limited options in post-socialist China. The victimizer perspective, on the other hand, misplaces the blame of unsafe sex practices on sex workers, while in reality it is their clients who refuse to use condoms. The data further suggest that repressive measures against prostitution premised on this victim–victimizer dichotomy inhibit the ability of sex workers to negotiate safe sex practices and aggravate their exposure to HIV risk. The repressive measures undermine the supportive professional networks of sex workers, increase economic pressure on the workers and increase their exposure to client-perpetrated violence.
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Olson, Beth. "Sex and the Soaps: A Comparative Content Analysis of Health Issues." Journalism Quarterly 71, no. 4 (December 1994): 840–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909407100408.
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A sample of 105 hours of network daytime soap opera programming from 1989–90 was analyzed for depictions of sexual behaviors, safe sex, and pregnancy. The content analysis indicated occurrences of sexual behaviors were slightly lower than previous studies showed. A few discussions about safe sex (prevention of pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and AIDS) were found. Because these discussions of sexual health issues were not found in previous content analyses, soap opera programming may be beginning to reflect a trend toward more responsible portrayals of sexual behavior. Although most characters engaged in these activities were Caucasian, in their thirties, and not married to each other, the occurrences of married partners in these depictions were increasing.
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Biswas, Romy, and Raktim Bandyopadhyay. "A study on awareness of HIV/AIDS among adolescent school girls in an urban area of North Bengal, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190223.
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Background: HIV/AIDS has recognized throughout the world as the important public health problem and adolescents are at greater risk of having this infection because of varying behavior pattern. Adolescents need correct information to prepare them to make better choices in sexual behavior. The present study was conducted to find out the existing knowledge regarding the causes, modes of transmission, prevention and social impact of AIDS.Methods: Setting based cross-sectional study done in the secondary and higher secondary students of Siliguri Girls School during July-September 2018. A self-administered, well designed pretested semi structured questionnaire with anonymity of the respondent was used for data collection with the help of interview.Results: 66.2% of girls knew sexual intercourse as the primary route of transmission whereas 22.9% knew airborne as the method. 60.8% of them thought isolation could prevent HIV/AIDS and safe sex can prevent transmission 59.4%. All the correct four routes of transmission were known by only 14.2% of students.12.55 of them knew about AIDS vaccine. Working with AIDS patient, using same toilet or sharing meals or swimming were the common myths among them to contract HIV/AIDS.Conclusions: Prevention being the only strategy available for HIV/AIDS is of utmost importance that knowledge regarding its various aspects should be dispersed among the adolescents through addition of chapter of AIDS and sex education in school curriculum.
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OKONKWO, V. O., C. E. OKAKA, and C. U. EZENDUKA. "EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ON HIV/AIDS IN NJIKOKA L.G.A OF ANAMBRA STATE." Nigerian Journal of Life Sciences (ISSN: 2276-7029) 3, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/njls.v3i1.113.
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HIV/AIDS is a major pandemic public health problem in Njikoka local government area of Anambra state south east Nigeria. Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) of senior secondary school students on HIV/AIDS were critically evaluated in the area between September and December 2012.Semi-structured questionnaire were used for data collection. The results were presented in percentages, mean, standard deviation, and chi square. KAP on causes, transmission, prevention and compliance to advocacy on safe practices on HIV/AIDS showed that all the respondents have knowledge of the disease.242 (24.2%) agreed that is transmitted through casual sex.200 (20%) of respondents does not believe that HIV/AIDS kills;while2/3(606) respondents would not want to go for voluntary and counseling test except under compulsion. Only 190(19%) would want to know their HIV status voluntarily. Positive impact of HIV/AIDS advocacy and public orientation outcry produced 348(34.8%), 308(30.8%), 206(20.6%) and 138(13.8%), abstinence, prevent reckless transmission by use of condom, reduction of sex partner to one (1) and control premarital sex respectively. Much effort is needed by all concern to ensure that compliance to positive (KAP) is entrench in the area and other secondary schools in Nigeria
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Quaife, Matthew, Aurélia Lépine, Kathleen Deering, Fern Terris-Prestholt, Tara Beattie, Shajy Isac, R. S. Paranjape, and Peter Vickerman. "The cost of safe sex: estimating the price premium for unprotected sex during the Avahan HIV prevention programme in India." Health Policy and Planning 34, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 784–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz100.
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Abstract There is some evidence that female sex workers (FSWs) receive greater earnings for providing unprotected sex. In 2003, the landscape of the fight against HIV/AIDS dramatically changed in India with the introduction of Avahan, the largest HIV prevention programme implemented globally. Using a unique, cross-sectional bio-behavioural dataset from 3591 FSWs located in the four Indian states where Avahan was implemented, we estimate the economic loss faced by FSWs who always use condoms. We estimate the causal effect of condom use on the price charged during the last paid sexual intercourse using the random targeting of Avahan as an instrumental variable. Results indicate that FSWs who always use condoms face an income loss of 65% (INR125, US$2.60) per sex act compared to peers providing unprotected sex, consistent with our expectations. The main finding confirms that clients have a preference for unprotected sex and that policies aiming at changing clients’ preferences and at improving the bargaining power of FSWs are required to limit the spread of HIV.
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Chen, Min, Yong Liao, Jia Liu, Wenjie Fang, Nan Hong, Xiaofei Ye, Jianjun Li, Qinglong Tang, Weihua Pan, and Wanqing Liao. "Comparison of Sexual Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior between Female Chinese College Students from Urban Areas and Rural Areas: A Hidden Challenge for HIV/AIDS Control in China." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8175921.
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Currently, research in sexual behavior and awareness in female Chinese college students (FCCSs) is limited, particularly regarding the difference and the influencing factors between students from rural areas and urban areas. To fill the gap in available data, a cross-sectional study using anonymous questionnaires was conducted among 3193 female students from six universities located in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, China, from February to June, 2013. Of the 2669 respondents, 20.6% and 20.9% of the students from urban and rural areas, respectively, reported being sexually experienced. The proportion of students who received safe-sex education prior to entering university from rural areas (22.4%, 134/598) was lower (P<0.0001) than the proportion from urban areas (41.8%, 865/2071). Sexual behavior has become increasingly common among FCCSs, including high-risk sexual behavior such as unprotected commercial sex. However, knowledge concerning human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) transmission and the risks is insufficient, particularly for those from rural areas, which is a challenge for HIV/AIDS control in China. The Chinese government should establish more specific HIV/AIDS prevention policies for Chinese young women, strengthen sex education, and continue to perform relevant research.
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Tripiboon, Dinlaga. "A HIV/AIDS Prevention Program for Married Women in Rural Northern Thailand." Australian Journal of Primary Health 7, no. 3 (2001): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py01051.
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HIV/ AIDS transmission is a major threat to married women around the world and especially in developing areas such as rural northern Thailand. Heterosexual transmission is the dominant route by which this disease is acquired. Married women routinely have unprotected sex with their husbands and have limited ability to change this behaviour to protect themselves. Specific intervention is needed to enable married women to take action to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS. The study aims to develop, conduct and evaluate the effectiveness of an HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention program in rural northern Thailand. It used a community development model to enable married women to improve their internal factors of self-efficacy, self-esteem and hope and to increase their behavioural skills for negotiation of safe sex practices and condom use with their husbands. The method was used in which eight villages were randomly assigned to either treatment or control conditions, with the village as the unit of randomisation. The intervention program was delivered by health volunteers and trained as agents of change to motivate and mobilise married women in the program. The intervention was implemented through community mobilisation and a grass roots community-based initiative. Pretest and post-test questionnaires were administered to assess internal factors and behaviour skills among 607 married women aged between 18-49 who were living in the villages participating in the study. The results of the intervention program showed enhanced internal factors among the married women. Most importantly, the number of married women demonstrating ability in negotiation skills increased from 33% to 92%, and the percentage of couples using condoms more frequently increased from 24% to 59%. In conclusion, the trial demonstrated that HIV/AIDS prevention intervention increases married women?s ability to protect themselves against HIV infection. This inexpensive education and skills building package to help the prevention level of HIV/AIDS could be widely implemented throughout Thailand and in other developing countries, which have similar social structures
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Graham, C. A. "AIDS and the Adolescent." International Journal of STD & AIDS 5, no. 5 (September 1994): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249400500501.
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Recent findings on young people's response to HIV/AIDS and its perceived relevance to their sexual lives are reviewed. Research into adolescent sexual behaviour suggests a trend, over the last 2 decades, for an earlier age of first intercourse and a greater number of recent and lifetime sexual partners. Older cohorts of adolescents and those with either multiple partners or more ‘steady’ partners have been found to have lower rates of condom use. Data on the prevalence of specific sexual activities such as anal intercourse, while sparse, suggests a considerable number of young people engaging in behaviours carrying some risk of HIV infection. It is clear that sex education programmes which simply advocate ‘safer sex’ practices without addressing the interpersonal skills and emotional implications of negotiating such practices, and which do not provide a positive view of sexual health, are failing to influence adolescent behaviour. Recent research has highlighted a number of issues that need addressing if sex education and HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns are to be effective.
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Niniek Budiarti Burhan, Jerry Reyhan Wardanna, Ayunda Dewi Jayanti Jilan Putri, and Dicky Faizal Irnandi. "Association Between HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Sexual Activity Behavior Among Indonesian Couples Aged 20 to 40: A Cross-Sectional Study." Indonesian Andrology and Biomedical Journal 5, no. 1 (June 27, 2024): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/iabj.v5i1.52005.
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Background : In Indonesia, the escalating prevalence of STDs and HIV/AIDS poses a significant health challenge. The transmission of HIV occurs through various modes, including unsafe sexual behaviors and mother-to-baby transmission. Insufficient knowledge regarding STDs and sexual education contributes to the rising of HIV/AIDS cases. Objective : To investigate the relationship between knowledge of HIV/AIDS and sexual activity behavior among couples aged 20 to 40 in Indonesia. Methods : A cross-sectional study involving 384 Indonesian couples was conducted using a causal associative technique. Purposive sampling was employed to select participants aged 20 to 40, familiar with STDs, engaged in various relationship statuses (dating, married, or in a relationship without formal status), and willing to complete the questionnaire. The variables used to quantify respondents' knowledge levels included understanding of HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS transmission, and HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. The variable measuring couples' sexual activity pertained to their involvement in HIV/AIDS preventive activities. Results : Analysis of the data revealed that 282 respondents (73.4%) demonstrated good knowledge, 73 respondents (19%) exhibited moderate knowledge, and 29 respondents (7.6%) displayed poor knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. Among the participants, 202 respondents (52.6%) expressed support for safe sex, indicating engagement in HIV/AIDS preventive activities, while 182 others (47.4%) did not. T-test results for the variables of HIV/AIDS understanding, transmission, prevention, and treatment yielded values of 0.259 (>0.05), 0.259 (>0.05), 0.264 (>0.05), and 0.522 (>0.05) for the F-test. Conclusion : The study concludes that couples' knowledge of HIV/AIDS does not exert a significant influence on their sexual activity behavior.
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Khamid, M. Nur, Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari, Argyo Demartoto, and Dewi Rokhmah. "The Dimensions of the Structure of MSM with HIV toward the Prevention of HIV and AIDS Transmission: A Qualitative Study." International Applied Science 1, no. 2 (June 20, 2022): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32528/ias.v1i2.167.
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Men who have sex with men (MSM) are the most vulnerable key population in the transmission of HIV AIDS. They have closed behavior that makes it difficult for health programs to reach. This study explores the structural dimensions of MSM with HIV in preventing HIV AIDS transmission from the perspective of social networks and associations among MSM with HIV. This qualitative study with a grounded theory approach was conducted in Jember. Data were collected by using in-depth interviews with 12 HIV-positive MSM. Data were analyzed with the stages of codes, categorizing, and basic social-psychological processes. The triangulation is used to obtain the validity of the information. Being an MSM group for a long time, related to social networks and associations. The social network perspective is built through gathering activities with fellow MSM communities, gathering in cafes, boarding houses, own homes, rented houses, town square, and night entertainment places. Providing health information, safe sex, asking for HIV tests, and monitoring ARV is more manageable through the same HIV-positive MSM. The involvement of HIV-positive MSM in social activities or other environments can reduce the stigma and discrimination. From the association's perspective, to facilitate the socialization of HIV AIDS prevention are carried out through social activities. A few HIV-positive MSM use herbal medicine and do not believe in ARV. Regular peer group support activities can provide a correct understanding of the importance of ARV to minimize the risk of loss to follow-up. Elements of social networks and associations through peer group supports involved in social activities can facilitate communication, information, and education; also, controlling sexual behavior prevents HIV AIDS transmission. The policymakers need to strengthen community-based associations.
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Yang, Zhongrong, Weiyong Chen, Meihua Jin, Wanjun Chen, Lin Chen, and Xin Zhou. "Analysis of factors influencing casual sexual behavior among male college students in Zhejiang Province, China." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): e0250703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250703.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the situations and factors influencing casual sexual behavior among male college students, in order to provide scientific evidences and measures of the prevention and control for HIV/AIDS. Method Using the stratified cluster sampling method, male college students who self-reported sexual behavior were selected as survey subjects in 13 colleges and universities in 11 cities of Zhejiang Province from October to November 2018. We used a custom online questionnaire to collect information on the demographic characteristics, sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors, and HIV interventions of the respondents. The χ2 test was performed on the composition ratios between different groups. With the occurrence of casual sexual behavior as the dependent variable, logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing casual male sexual behavior. Results A total of 2734 male college students were surveyed, aged 20.20±1.41 years, of which 595 had casual sex, accounting for 21.7%. The rate of HIV prevention awareness among the participants was 85.1%. Multivariate analysis showed that receiving a self-assessment of HIV risk conducted by the school (Ajusted OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.14–1.84), knowing that HIV self-test kits were available at school (Ajusted OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.56–2.62), accepting one-night stands (Ajusted OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 2.18–3.66), accepting commercial sex (Ajusted OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.53–2.48), being a man who has sex with men (Ajusted OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.37–2.39), being a senior (Ajusted OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.30–0.71), having knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment (Ajusted OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.51–0.86), and knowing that the CDC provides HIV testing services (Ajusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.41–0.77) were factors influencing male college students’ casual sexual behavior. Conclusion Male college students who have causal sexual behaviors have a high degree of openness in sexual attitudes, insufficient knowledge of AIDS prevention, and knowledge of HIV testing-related information but low testing rates. For male college students’ HIV prevention education intervention, it is necessary to emphasize the establishment of correct sexual attitudes and concepts and promote safe sexual behaviors to prevent the spread of HIV.
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Boraya, Joshua Omwenga, Caroline Githae, Titus Abuga Atandi, and Albert Gachau. "Social and psychological factors affecting utilization of female condom among youths in Migori County, Kenya." Health Psychology Open 5, no. 2 (July 2018): 205510291881533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055102918815336.
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The female condom is a dual protection tool for both prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission and conception of unwanted pregnancies. In Migori, HIV prevalence is 16 percent and utilization of female condom is at 0.3 percent. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 youths who were systematically and randomly sampled. Majority of youths (86.6%) were aged between 18 and 25 years with 83.9 percent being single, 95.3 percent were Christians, and 4.7 percent Muslim. There was a significant association between marital status, Men’s role in negotiation of safe sex, incompetence in female condom insertion, and utilization of the female condom.
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Gil, Vincent E. "Empowerment Rhetoric, Sexual Negotiation, and Latinas' AIDS Risk: Research Implications for Prevention Health Education." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 18, no. 1 (April 1998): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ttrf-3vjw-8uh4-xdcp.
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Heterosexually acquired HIV infections and their consequent deficiency syndrome continue to increase among Latinas despite more than a decade of prevention and education programs. Most programs targeting the non-IDU Latina attempt a reorientation of her personal beliefs and attitudes. They use “empowerment” education as a means of generating more sexually assertive women, in the hope that these will negotiate safer sex more effectively with their male partners. Despite the well-proven social paradox that knowledge and beliefs are not a good predictor of behavior, such programs maintain their popularity while missing fundamental understandings about Latinas, both idiosyncratic and subculture-specific, which are essential for effective prevention education. The failure of current programs which target Latinas is underscored, sadly, by the continued escalation of infections in this population. The state of empowerment rhetoric is examined and its deficits underscored in treating sexual negotiation as a fundamental, subcultural and interpersonally-determined dynamic which severely impacts a Latina's ability to enable safer sex. Drawing on ethnographic and interview data from two anthropological studies of at-risk Latina subpopulations by the author (combined n = 472), this article explores how diverse the sexual, attitudinal, and emotional universe of Latinas really is, and how distinct subcultural issues about negotiating sex often impede such women from obtaining safer sex via any present “empowerment” recipe. Implications for the design of prevention education programs are aired, as are recommendations, in light of findings from medical anthropological studies.
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Demmer, Craig, and Orazio Caroleo. "College Students' Perceptions of Advances in HIV Treatment and the Need for Safer Sex Practices." Psychological Reports 88, no. 2 (April 2001): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.2.431.
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Advances in the treatment of HIV disease may result in reduced concern about the severity of HIV and the need to practice safer sex. A pilot study was conducted among 258 college students to assess effects of the new treatments on perceptions of HIV and the need for safer sex practices. In a sample of minority heterosexual students 155 (60%) had heard about the new HIV treatments, and perceptions of the new treatments were analyzed for only these students. A small proportion of the 155 students (17.5%) believed that the threat of AIDS is less serious than in the past, and 21% indicated that they practiced safer sex less often since new treatments were introduced. Students with high knowledge of AIDS risk were more likely to report reduced concern about HIV and indicated that there was less need to practice safer sex. Prevention programs should emphasize that the threat of HIV remains serious, and continuing to practice safer sex is important. Further research should focus on factors influencing reduced concern.
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Nemoto, Tooru, Hui Xie, Mariko Iwamoto, and Maria Sakata. "HIV Risk Behaviors in Relation to Psychosocial Factors and Internet Usage Among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) Men Who Had Sex With Men (MSM) in California." AIDS Education and Prevention 32, no. 2 (April 2020): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2020.32.2.117.
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Very few studies have been conducted to investigate HIV risk and protective behaviors in relation to psychosocial factors among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) MSM whose HIV/AIDS prevalence is lower than those of other racial/ethnic groups. This study, based on an online survey targeting API MSM in California revealed that API MSM often met sex partners online and that psychosocial factors (e.g., homophobia and identity with API gay community) were correlated with condomless receptive anal sex (RAS) with casual partners. In particular, an Asian cultural construct, interdependency, was correlated with condom use for RAS; that is, those who consider sex partners' health and value harmony tend to engage in safe sex. This finding sheds light on re-thinking the current over-emphasis on assertiveness and self-responsibility to keep free from HIV/STIs during negotiation with partners. Future STI prevention programs for API MSM should incorporate Asian cultural constructs and target specific risk groups.
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Malunguza, Noble, Steady Mushayabasa, Christinah Chiyaka, and Zindoga Mukandavire. "Modelling the Effects of Condom Use and Antiretroviral Therapy in Controlling HIV/AIDS among Heterosexuals, Homosexuals and Bisexuals." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 11, no. 3 (2010): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17486700903325167.
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A deterministic compartmental sex-structured HIV/AIDS model for assessing the effects of homosexuals and bisexuals in heterosexual settings in which homosexuality and bisexuality issues have remained taboo is presented. We extend the model to focus on the effects of condom use as a single strategy approach in HIV prevention in the absence of any other intervention strategies. Initially, we model the use of male condoms, followed by incorporating the use of both the female and male condoms. The model includes two primary factors in condom use to control HIV which are condom efficacy and compliance. Reproductive numbers for these models are computed and compared to assess the effectiveness of male and female condom use in a community. We also extend the basic model to consider the effects of antiretroviral therapy as a single strategy. The results from the study show that condoms can reduce the number of secondary infectives and thus can slow the development of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Further, we note from the study that treatment of AIDS patients may enlarge the epidemic when the treatment drugs are not 100% effective and when treated AIDS patients indulge in risky sexual behaviour. Thus, the treatment with amelioration of AIDS patients should be accompanied with intense public health educational programs, which are capable of changing the attitude of treated AIDS patients towards safe sex. It is also shown from the study that the use of condoms in settings with the treatment may help in reducing the number of secondary infections thus slowing the epidemic.
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Overby, Kim J., Bernard Lo, and Iris F. Litt. "Knowledge and Concerns About Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Their Relationship to Behavior Among Adolescents With Hemophilia." Pediatrics 83, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.83.2.204.
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The knowledge and concerns regarding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and their relationship to certain behaviors among adolescents with hemophilia, a pediatric risk group with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody positivity rate as high as 70% to 90%, are described. Information was obtained from 26 patients, 13 to 19 years of age, through the use of a confidential self-administered questionnaire and a semistructured interview. In general, subjects demonstrated a high level of factual knowledge regarding the cause, natural history, transmission, and prevention of AIDS. Despite this, participants frequently behaved in ways that were potentially harmful to themselves and others. Specifically, although aware of the importance of using condoms, sexually active adolescents with hemophilia were not practicing safe sex. Restriction in the use of heat-treated clotting factor because of concerns about AIDS was also frequently reported. Professionals providing AIDS education and counseling for these individuals need to be cognizant of the concerns and social skills of this population; they should focus not only on factual information but also on the social and situational pressures confronting these teenagers, which may be more immediate determinants of their behavior and well-being. As AIDS continues to spread into the general population, these findings have relevance to AIDS education and health policy efforts aimed at all adolescents.
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Moore, Lisa Jean. ""It's Like You Use Pots and Pans to Cook. It's the Tool": The Technologies of Safer Sex." Science, Technology, & Human Values 22, no. 4 (October 1997): 434–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016224399702200402.
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Safer sex has emerged as a collection of practices and ideas deployed to combat the spread of AIDS. Prevention messages and rituals of safer sex each rely on constructing a potential user's relationship to latex devices. This article is based on an analysis of twenty-seven interviews conducted with people in the sex trade. Since sex workers make it their business to exchange sexual services for economic compensation, many have become extremely sophisticated in their innovations and expressions of eroticism using safer sex techniques. Sex workers are one of a group of key (new) knowledge producers focused on safer sexual practices. Their worlds are metaphoric laboratories for empiri cal studies of emergent sexual practices. This article describes the innovations of the use of technologies of safer sex and the configuration of users.
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Paicheler, Geneviève. "General population and HIV prevention: from risk to action." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 15, suppl 2 (1999): S93—S105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1999000600010.
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Since knowledge about AIDS transmission now appears to be very good, many observers are surprised that more people do not practice behavior, like safer sex, designed to minimize risk of contracting the disease. Still, previous studies have not shown that there is a direct link between knowledge and behavior. New models, based on people's concrete experiences, are therefore needed. The goal of this qualitative research, based on 61 in-depth interviews conducted in France, is to describe how people understand the threat of AIDS and how they face the risk of transmission in their sex lives. In order to understand preventive actions, we must study how information is interpreted and how knowledge is integrated, so that people perceive general or personal risk. We must also specify the way in which people distinguish between aspects of risk perception and vulnerability; feelings of personal control, constructed on the basis of social experiences; characteristics of situations; and finally, the dynamics of action. The proposed risk management model accounts for these diverse factors in elucidating the great diversity of actions reported. This dynamic, non-linear model is designed to capture both the impact of perceptive and cognitive elements on action and vice versa.
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Leonard, William. "Safe sex and the aesthetics of gay men’s HIV/AIDS prevention in Australia: FromRubba mein 1984 toF**k mein 2009." Sexualities 15, no. 7 (October 2012): 834–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460712454079.
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Maticka‐Tyndale, Eleanor. "Sexual scripts and AIDS prevention: Variations in adherence to safer‐sex guidelines by heterosexual adolescents." Journal of Sex Research 28, no. 1 (February 1991): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499109551594.
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Mathur, Sanyukta, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Raman Mishra, Craig J. Heck, and Michael Mbizvo. "Which Intervention Synergies Maximize AGYW's HIV Outcomes? A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis of Layered HIV Prevention Programming." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 94, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000003289.
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Introduction: Intersecting behavioral, social, and structural factors increase adolescent girls' (AG) and young women's (YW) HIV vulnerability. Yet, understanding of optimal intervention synergies remains limited. We identified intervention combinations that statistically maximized reductions in AGYW's HIV-related risk. Methods: Using data collected in 2018 with Zambian AG (n = 487, aged 15–19 years) and YW (n = 505, aged 20–25 years) after 12–14 months exposure to Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe (multisectoral HIV program), we used classification and regression trees to explore relationships between interventions (safe space/social asset building [SAB] and provision of/linkage to youth-friendly health services [YFHS], education social protection [Educ], economic social protection [Econ]) and HIV-related outcomes (HIV testing, consistent condom use, transactional sex, and sexual violence experience from partners and nonpartners). Results: Overall, 59.9% completed SAB and 81.5%, 35.4%, and 29.6% received YHFS, Educ, and Econ, respectively. For AG, HIV testing improved (from 73% to 83%) with exposure to all interventions, condom use improved with Econ (from 33% to 46%), transactional sex reduced with SAB + Educ, and sexual violence from partners and nonpartners reduced with Educ and SAB, respectively. For YW, HIV testing increased with Educ (from 77% to 91%), condom use increased with SAB + YFHS (from 36% to 52%), transactional sex reduced with combinations of all interventions, and sexual violence from partners reduced with YFHS and from nonpartners with SAB + Econ. Conclusions: Tailored interventions might be more effective than uniform combination intervention packages in reducing AGYW's HIV risk. AG benefitted most from SAB and/or Educ while YFHS, Educ, and/or SAB reduced YW's HIV-related risk. Educational and asset-building interventions could have the greatest impact on AGYW's HIV risk.
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Barimah, Antwi Joseph, Mohammed Mohammed Ibrahim, Yaw Boakye Nketiah, Bernard Opoku Amoah, Larry Agyemang, James Dumba, Helina Gyamea, and Daniel Atta-Nyarko. "RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND STI KNOWLEDGE AMONG SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE SUNYANI MUNICIPALITY, GHANA." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Research 8, no. 8 (February 2, 2022): 921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53075/ijmsirq6547586021.
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Literature has shown that the knowledge and attitudes of young people regarding STIs such as HIV/AIDS and its prevention still remains an important topic in the lives of these young individuals in respect of their decision making so as to practice safer sex options in order to eschew contracting HIV and other STIs. This descriptive cross-sectional study assessed the risky sexual behaviour associated with STI knowledge among senior high school students from the Twene Amanfo Senior High Technical School in the Sunyani municipality. The study deployed a randomized sampling technique in recruiting 250 study participants. Quantitative data stemming from the study were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and data were presented using frequencies as tables and figures. The study found that only 40% of senior high school students possessed high knowledge on STIs whereas the majority of 60% had low knowledge on STIs associated with sexual risk behaviours. The study concluded on the note that the majority of senior high school students had low knowledge on STIs associated with sexual risk behaviour which is worrying. The study, therefore, recommends that the Ministry of Education must collaborate with the Ministry of Health is rolling out adolescent health programmes in the Ghana education curriculum largely geared towards sex and STI education. This is essential in increasing students’ knowledge level on STIs in order to engender preventive and safe sex practices.
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Alo, Oluwatosin Ige, and Oluwatosin Ige Alo. "Empowering Yoruba Women in Nigeria to Prevent HIV/AIDS: The Relative Significance of Behavioural and Social Determinant Models." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v1i1.73.
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This article uncovers the relevance to practice of behavioural and social determinant models of HIV prevention among Yoruba women in Nigeria. Exploring what factors influence health behaviour in heterosexual relationships, the key question raised was whether the women’s experiences support the assumptions and prescriptions for action of these two dominant public health models. Eight focus group discussions and 39 in-depth interviews were conducted, which involved 121 women and men who were chosen purposefully and through self-nomination technique. This study revealed that the women were very much constrained by social environments in negotiating safe sex, despite having at least a basic knowledge of HIV prevention. Limiting factors included the fear of relationship breakup, economic dependence, violence, and the difficulties in justifying why they feel the need to insist on condom use, especially since initiating condom use is antithetical to trust. Furthermore, evidence suggested that improved access to income and education might be vital but it does not automatically constitute a direct means of empowering women to prevent HIV infection. The limitations of both behavioural and social determinants perspectives thus suggests the need for a combination prevention model, which focuses on how social, behavioural and biomedical factors overlap in shaping health outcomes.
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Muzungu, Jehoshaphat, Jenae Logan, Akiiki Bitalabeho, and Rex Wong. "Assessing the Effect of Sexual and Reproductive Health Training Program on the Knowledge on Safe Sex Practice of Young Adults in College." Journal of Management and Strategy 10, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v10n2p27.
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Young adults and adolescents ages 18 to 24 years are often either uninformed or misinformed about sexuality and health-promoting behaviors and are more likely to exhibit risky sexual behaviors. In sub-Saharan Africa, only 19-26% of adolescents display adequate knowledge related to HIV and sexual and reproductive health.Sexual and reproductive health education for young adults can reduce unintended pregnancies, delay sexual debut, reduce having multiple sex partners, increase pregnancy prevention practices and increase the practice of protected sex.This study utilized a pre- and post-intervention design to assess the impact of a sex education program on young adult freshman students ages 18 to 24 years, at a government education institution in Rwanda, on knowledge related to family planning and contraception, sexually transmitted infections/HIV/AIDS, and safe and risky sex practices.A total of 360 freshman students from the college completed the pre-intervention questionnaire and 341 completed the post-intervention questionnaire. The results showed that the overall knowledge in the sample was generally low before the intervention (67.8%) but had increased to 84.7% post-intervention (P<0.001). Many respondents thought STIs were genetic diseases, that withdrawal was a reliable birth control method, and that having multiple sexual partners or transactional sex were not risky sex practices.Universities in Rwanda should consider incorporating sexual and reproductive education in their curriculum. The increase in knowledge, however, does not guarantee a change in the respondents’ sexual behavior. Further study is needed to assess the impact of the intervention on actual change in sexual behavior and longterm health outcome.
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Ezekiel, Mangi Job, Judith Narlis Metta, and Idda Hubert Mosha. "Sexual Relationship, Power and Safe Sex Practices among Female Bar Workers in Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2022.4.1.1153.
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Background: HIV and AIDS continue to challenge the health sector and economies in low and middle-income countries. Effectiveness condom use in preventing transmission of HIV is jeopardized due to recent reported decline in condom use. Alcohol serving venues are meeting points for sex partner which is a significant determinant of risk sexual practices while gender inequities impose challenges to women in negotiating safe sex. Methods: Cross sectional exploratory study was conducted which deployed a qualitative method in data collection. Purposive sampling was used to select fourteen study participants. In-Depth Interview guide was used to gather information from female bar workers on perceptions and experiences in sexual relationships that are initiated following their interaction with male customers in alcohol serving settings and their negotiation for safe sex. This study explored sexual relationship power of Female Bar Workers (FBWs) in safe sex negotiations as they interact in alcohol serving venues in Kinondoni municipality in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data was analysed manually by using thematic approach. Results: Negotiation ability and sexual relationship power continue to be a key determinant of safe or unsafe sexual practices in sexual relationships of female bar workers. Although power to negotiate and make decisions towards safe sex was widely reported by female bar workers when they engage in casual sexual relationships, such power is outweighed by their own willingness to engage in multiple sexual relationships to supplement their meagre incomes. Conclusion: Health promotion should continue to focus on behaviour change interventions with consideration of gendered roles and power in sexual relationships.
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Bownes, Ian T., Ethna C. O'Gorman, and Wallace W. Dinsmore. "Factors influencing perception of risk of HIV acquisition among male heterosexual STD clinic attenders." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 7, no. 2 (September 1990): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700016608.
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AbstractA variety of demographic, psychosocial, intrapersonal and behavioural factors have been shown to influence behavioural change in response to AIDS education. The study investigated perceived risk of HIV acquisition amongst 50 male heterosexual STD clinic attenders and its relationship to knowledge regarding the nature and prevention of transmission of HIV, current sexual practices, relationship difficulties, sexual dysfunction, alcohol abuse and psychiatric morbidity.The sample demonstrated a good general knowledge about AIDS but there was little evidence of the practice of ‘safer sex’. The overall incidence of psychiatric morbidity was 38%, of problem drinking 52%, of sexual dysfunction 32% and marital/relationship dysfunction 42%. Only 22% felt that their life-style put them at risk of HIV acquisition. It was felt that a narrow emphasis on information in AIDS prevention programmes ignores the powerful effect other factors may have on an individual's motivation to change his behaviour. Evaluation of the cognitions of this at risk group with particular reference to the role of cognitive distortions in perception of risk could provide a means of enhancing the efficacy of future health education campaigns.
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Mishra, D., G. Basnet, and U. N. Yadav. "Behavior towards HIV among the Spouse of Male Migrants in Mid-western Nepal- A cross-sectional study." Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences 2 (September 26, 2016): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v2i0.15790.
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Background : Foreign labor migration has over the years, become major features of Nepal’s economy and society. In seek of opportunities; many of people of reproductive age group migrate to destination countries where they are exposed to risky behaviors. This study aimed to study HIV related knowledge and vulnerability of these women.Methods : The cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 spouses of migrant workers in Dhanauri VDC of Dang District. Semi-structured questionnaire was designed to collect the information from the respondents to meet objectives of the study. Data was analyzed by using SPSS(15.0). Ethical permission was obtained by Institutional Ethics Committee.Results: Almost all respondents had heard of HIV and AIDS and 55% had poor comprehensive knowledge on HIV prevention; 32% perceived HIV could transmit through mosquito bite; sharing meal of infection person (59.3%). The women ever discussed about sex with their husbands were 25.3%, among them 77.1 percent of spouse of male migrants doesn’t use condom during sexual intercourse during husband’s last visit at home. Major reason was they didn’t think it is necessary (88.1 percent) to use.Conclusion: The study revealed, despite great attention to HIV/AIDS program by Government and other agencies the knowledge on HIV prevention is below 50%. Comprehensive education program is needed to increase the level of correct knowledge on HIV prevention among wives of migrant workers. Targeted intervention among wives of migrant workers is important to make them able to negotiate for safe sexual practices with their husbands for HIV prevention and disclose their status for accessing services.Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Vol. 2 2016 p.7-13
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Haydar Kaya. "Safeguarding strategies and current HIV treatment in the UK." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 2 (February 28, 2024): 1644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.2.0628.
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Objectives: This study aims to illuminate contemporary strategies and treatment approaches employed in the United Kingdom (UK) to safeguard against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission and enhance the well-being of those grappling with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the nation's ongoing efforts in managing the impact of HIV on public health. Material and Methods: Research, reports, guidelines, and official websites from 2005 to 2024 were searched from the Pubmed database and Bournemouth University's database. English resources were searched using keywords related to HIV risk measures, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Results: HIV prevention efforts in the UK emphasize education, widespread testing, and targeted interventions. Strategies include promoting safe sex practices, regular testing, and condom use. HIV testing, PrEP, PEP and ART play crucial roles in prevention and treatment, with initiatives focusing on high-risk populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender individuals. Challenges include regional variations, financial constraints, and social stigma. Conclusions: A holistic and adaptable approach is essential in HIV prevention and treatment in the UK. Education, widespread testing, and tailored interventions for diverse populations are key components. Challenges such as financial constraints and social stigma require sustained efforts and global collaboration. Advancements in PrEP, PEP, and ART offer promising avenues for mitigating the impact of HIV, emphasizing the importance of accessibility and adherence.
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Aryal, Arjun, YN Yogi, and H. Ghimire. "Vulnerability to Unsafe Sex and HIV Infection Among Wives of Migrant Workers in Far Western Nepal." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 3, no. 1 (August 22, 2013): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8462.
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In average, one from every two households of Far-Western Nepal, and 14.75 % of the male population of Dadeldhura, Doti and Kailali were at abroad, mostly in India. The migrant people engage in high risk sexual practices in India, contract Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) and transmit it to their wives. The prevalence of HIV among wives of migrants as per Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey (2008) was 3.3%. So, it was important to study the HIV related knowledge and vulnerability of these women. The study was carried out in 297 randomly selected wives of migrant workers in Doti, Dadeldhura and Kailali districts of Nepal. Eighty-six percent of the respondents had heard of HIV and AIDS, 4% had comprehensive knowledge on HIV prevention; 64% perceived HIV could transmit through mosquito bite and 42% of the women knew at least two advantages of condom. The women ever discussed about sex with their husbands were 34%. Seventy two percent expressed that People Living with HIV would not reveal their HIV status due to fear of losing social respect associated with discrimination. Comprehensive education program is needed to increase the level of correct knowledge on HIV prevention among wives of migrant workers. Targeted intervention among wives of migrant workers is important to make them able to negotiate for safe sexual practices with their husbands for HIV prevention and disclose their status for accessing services. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(1): 26-31 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i1.8462
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Laver, Susan M., Bart Van Den Borne, Gerjo Kok, and Godfrey Woelk. "Was the Intervention Implemented as Intended?: A Process Evaluation of an AIDS Prevention Intervention in Rural Zimbabwe." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 16, no. 1 (April 1996): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/emcn-h455-ykaq-tgx6.
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End-point evaluations are still the most commonly used method of assessing the success or failure of interventions. This article describes how a process evaluation was used to measure “what happened” during an HIV/AIDS prevention program for farm workers in Zimbabwe. The intervention was developed according to the Paulo Freirian theory of Social Change and the Ecological Model for health promotion. The stages of the intervention were cyclical; in the first stage innovative methods were used to encourage appraisal of vulnerability to HIV/AIDS through activities which raised critical thinking and dialogue. In the next phase, emphasis was placed on developing cognitive and attitude change in the target group. Self-protective behavior was encouraged through condom use and an increase in self-efficacy with respect to negotiating safe sex, especially among women. In the last stage of the intervention, efforts were made to create a climate for maintenance of behavior and socially responsible action within the community. The process evaluation provided valuable insight into factors which, when aggregated, provided an overview of a program whose successes and failures may well have been determined by issues outside the scope of the intervention. The effect of seasonal fluctuations of labor, income, and farming activity on program activity, patterns of STD, and condom demand were marked. This leads back to the researchers' initial question: “Was the intervention implemented as planned?” and the answer—only partially.
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Sharma, Aditi, N. K. Goel, Savita Prashar, and Kshitij Choudhary. "A study to find the awareness level regarding prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases among university students of Panjab university, Chandigarh, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 4362. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213537.
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Background: Sexually transmitted diseases remain a significant issue among the young people. In order to implement effective preventive measures, awareness of the comorbid conditions and causation of STDs, as well as sexual behaviour, among vulnerable young people, such as university students, must be established. The objective of the study was to assess the awareness level of students regarding prevention and control of STDs.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at Panjab University situated in Chandigarh, India between February and August 2020. Purposive sampling was used to recruit students. Data was collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. The nature of the data was quantitative and was analyzed through SPSS version 20.Results: A total of 211 (female/male:51.7%/48.3%, mean age: 22.5 years) respondents were enrolled. The awareness regarding the safe sex practices was very high (98.1%). 99.1% respondents were aware of HIV and AIDS, 65.4% respondents who were aware of hepatitis B and 55% respondents who were aware of Gonorrhoea and Syphilis. To prevent STDs 86.3% respondents were aware of condom, 72% respondents were aware to avoid unprotected sex and 19.9% respondents knew of abstinence.Conclusions: Condoms awareness is still lacking in students. Consequently, it puts them at a higher risk of STDs. Such data can be used to strengthen ongoing STDs prevention efforts in India aimed at reducing STDs in young adults.
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Biswas, DK, R. Bhunia, and A. Mishra. "High HIV Prevalence Among Low Income and Laborers in the District of Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 9, no. 2 (April 23, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7970.
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Introduction: There were limited data of “People Living with HIV/AIDS” (PLHA). The data of PLHA were analyzed in time, place and person and socio-economic status and recommended for prevention of HIV infection. Objective of study were to describe the PLHAs in term of time, place and person distribution and their socio-demographic status, to detect the mode of transmission of HIV and to recommend for prevention of spread HIV infection and social security. Methodology: The information about socio-demographic status and exposure history of PLHAs since 2010 was collected. Data were analyzed by using Epi-info software. Results: Among 329 PLHAs, 165 (50%) were men and 42 (13%) were children <14 years and they acquired HIV through blood transfusion 26 (62%). A maximum 276 (84%) PLHAs were age group 15 - 45 years. Out of 25 Community Block in district, maximum PLHAs were distributed at Tamluk Block 56 (17%) followed by Paskura 43 (13%). Of PLHAs, 246 (75%) had family income rupees <2000.00 per month and 138 (38%) of them were laborer and 85 (26%) home maker (house-wife). Highest 289 (88%) of PLHAs acquired HIV through heterosexual route. Conclusion: Heterosexual transmission of HIV showed among low income and laborer. The counseling for safe sex practice, employment people and social amenities were recommended. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2012; IX(2) 1-4 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7970
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Marahatta, SB. "Knowledge on HIV/AIDS amongst bus drivers of Dhulikel, Nepal." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 9, no. 1 (October 18, 2012): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i1.6963.
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Introduction: One of the growing epidemics in the world today is HIV/AIDS. In the cities with high mobility, bus drivers and transport workers are considered as the risk group for HIV/AIDS. In Kavre district, the increased mobility along with Araniko highway and Banepa Bardibas highways has drastically increased the vulnerabilities of younger populations in particularly to HIV/AIDS and STDs. Most of these young people do not have access to information, condoms, supportive services which enable them to have safer sex. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was done to assess knowledge about HIV/AIDS among bus drivers of Dhulikhel. Results: After the analysis and interpretation of the data, study revealed that majority of the respondents i.e. 38% (n=19) were between age 20-24 years. Among them vast majority of the respondents i.e 82% (n=41) have heard from media (radio, Television and newspapers). Regarding transmission of HIV/AIDS 90% (n=45) of the respondents mentioned that unsafe sex is the means of transmission. Still 24% (n=12) believe that sharing clothes and 2% (n=1) believe that kissing can transmit HIV/AIDS. As per prevention measures 90% (n=5) have the knowledge that using condom during sexual intercourse can prevent HIV/ AIDS. 8% (n=4) of the respondents still believe that HIV/AIDS is curable and rest of them i.e. 92% (n=46) of the respondents knew that HIV/AIDS is not curable. Conclusion: The present study strongly recommends that there is immediate need of program to create awareness of public motor drivers and co-workers, vulnerable youths and other high risk groups of people including migrant populations. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS 2012; IX (1) 35-38 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i1.6963
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WELSH, MICHAEL J., ELIZARDO PUELLO, MELINDA MEADE, SAM KOME, and TARA NUTLEY. "EVIDENCE OF DIFFUSION FROM A TARGETED HIV/AIDS INTERVENTION IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC." Journal of Biosocial Science 33, no. 1 (January 2001): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932001001079.
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The diffusion potential of a targeted HIV/AIDS intervention that enlisted peer educators to disseminate ‘safer sex’ messages and condoms among female commercial sex workers and their clients was evaluated in the Dominican Republic. Levels of interurban interaction potential were ascertained that linked the targeted city of La Romana with the proximate cities of San Pedro de Macoris and Guaymate. Weekly service statistics generated over an 8-month period were analysed to establish activity areas for the peer educators. Data were entered and analysed using a geographic information system and interurban linkages were established. Project outcomes were examined via a series of three cross-sectional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) surveys conducted among convenience samples of commercial sex workers at the start of the intervention and at 4 and 8 months. The results attest to a high degree of interconnectivity between the targeted and proximate cities, and a pattern of interurban mobility that links commercial sex workers, clients and establishments in all three cities. The examination of project outcomes revealed statistically significant changes in condom use in the targeted city of La Romana among commercial sex workers, as well as among their counterparts interviewed in the proximate cities of San Pedro de Macoris and Guaymate. These data suggest a diffusion effect. It is concluded that a targeted intervention may influence proximate cities within a relatively compressed period of time. The findings suggest the importance of considering geographic diffusion principles, such as urban hierarchies, regional nodes and transportation linkages, when designing HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. It also has important implications in the selection of control sites when conducting experimental studies of HIV/AIDS interventions.
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Mthiyane, Nondumiso, Maryam Shahmanesh, Andrew Copas, Natsayi Chimbindi, Jaco Dreyer, Thembelihle Zuma, Nuala McGrath, et al. "Uptake of multi-level HIV interventions and HIV-related behaviours among young people in rural South Africa." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 5 (May 31, 2024): e0003258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003258.
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Combination HIV prevention packages have reduced HIV incidence and improved HIV-related outcomes among young people. However, there is limited data on how package components interact to promote HIV-related prevention behaviours. We described the uptake of HIV prevention interventions supported by Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Motivated and Safe (DREAMS) Partnership and assessed the association between uptake and HIV-related behaviours among young people in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We analysed two cohorts followed from May 2017 to December 2019 to evaluate the impact of DREAMS, covering 13–29 year-old females, and 13–35 year-old males. DREAMS interventions were categorised as healthcare-based or social. We described the uptake of interventions and ran logistic regression models to investigate the association between intervention uptake and subsequent protective HIV-related outcomes including no condomless sex and voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC). For each outcome, we adjusted for socio-demographics and sexual/pregnancy history and reported adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among 5248 participants, uptake of healthcare interventions increased from 2018 to 2019 by 8.1% and 3.7% for males and females respectively; about half of participants reported receiving both healthcare and social interventions each year. The most utilised combinations of interventions included HIV testing and counselling, school-based HIV education and cash transfers. Participation in social interventions only compared to no intervention was associated with reduced condomless sex (aOR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.03–2.47), while participation in healthcare interventions only was associated with increased condomless sex. The uptake of interventions did not significantly affect subsequent VMMC overall. Among adolescent boys, exposure to school-based HIV education, cash transfers and HIV testing and counselling was associated with increase in VMMC (aOR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.04–3.07). Multi-level HIV prevention interventions were associated with an increase in protective HIV-related behaviours emphasizing the importance of accessible programs within both school and community settings for young people.
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Kyalo, Daniel, and Hellen Mberia. "ABSTINENCE COMMUNICATION CAMPAIGNS AND PREVENTION OF HIV AND AIDS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN KENYA: A CASE OF JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of Communication and Public Relation 7, no. 1 (June 2, 2022): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijcpr.1551.
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Purpose: The study sought to establish the influence of abstinence communication campaigns on prevention of HIV and AIDS among undergraduate university students in Kenya.
Materials and Methods: The study employs a descriptive research design, with the focus on undergraduate students from all the seventy-four universities. Sample size determination was done as follows where the Fisher’s formula was used to select an appropriate sample from the populated to be targeted. The study thus, targeted 384 undergraduate students. In order to avoid biased results, the study excluded the respondents who participated in the pilot study. The study used qualitative as well as quantitative which prior to analysis, was sorted to ensure completeness. Quantitative data was collected using three hundred and eighty-four semi-structured questionnaires. On the other hand, qualitative data was collected by use of seven Key Informant Interview (KII) guides. Coding of the responses was done, in order to enable the data to be recorded into SPSS software. The quantitative information was investigated descriptively and inferential statistics were drawn by the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS variant 21.0). Results were then presented in tables, diagrams and charts. Qualitative data collected from the open-ended part of the questionnaire was analyzed using content analysis and the results were presented in prose form.
Results: The findings revealed that medium of delivery and prevention of HIV and AIDS are positively and significantly related (β=0.391, p=0.023). Likewise, frequency of abstinence and prevention of HIV and AIDS are positive and statistically related (β=0.399, p=0.003). The table further indicates that source of the abstinence campaign messages and prevention of HIV and AIDS are positive and significantly related (β=0.351, p=0.001). Upon interacting the stakeholder intervention in the model, it was found to be positively and significantly related as shown by (B=0.033, p=0.009).
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The cultivation theory may be used to anchor future studies in abstinence communication campaigns. The study recommended that students in universities are encouraged to get tested and know their status; the university management needs to scale up the awareness strategies to students on the need to practice safe sex to prevent HIV infection for future healthy and capacitated generation; the government through the ministry of health needs to invest in propagating the messages by use of the interactive, student-centered methods of teaching, rather than heavily didactic ones, which has been proven to be more successful.
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Nakakuwa, Filippine Nekulu, Kabwebwe Honore Mitonga, Josephine De Villiers, and Scholastika Iipinge. "An analysis about knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of HIV and AIDS among the Himba people of the Kunene region, Namibia." International Journal of Medicine 5, no. 1 (March 21, 2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v5i1.7349.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices and risk perceptions with regard to HIV/AIDS among the Himba people from the Kunene region; and to identify its determinant factors.Design: The research study was quantitative. That is, cross sectional, descriptive and analytical. A total of 290 respondents were posed a number of multiple-choice questions about specific areas: HIV modes of transmission, knowledge on prevention measures, wrong conceptions of HIV/AIDS, beliefs, attitudes and practices.Results: In this study, the mean overall score of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its transmission modes was found to be 15.8 out of 30 with a 95% confidence interval of [15.1]; [16.5]. It was found that the Himba people’s knowledge on HIV/AIDS does not differ according to the gender of the respondent. In fact, the mean score of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its modes of transmission among females was 15.9 with a confidence interval of [15.1]; [16.8], whilst the mean score of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its modes of transmission among males was 15.7 with a confidence interval of [14.5]; [16.8]. Using a bivariate analysis, factors such as condom use as a safer sex practice, level of education, type of marriage, and the gender of the respondents showed a statistically significant association with HIV knowledge at a 0.05 level of significance.Conclusion: There is a need to increase knowledge that can be translated into change in behaviour and practices among the Himba, the efforts of all stakeholders are required. Such efforts include promoting education through mobile schools, intensifying sex education within the community through outreach programmes and putting in place policies integrated with indigenous cultural practices that will lead to positive attitudes and beliefs.
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Quddus, Mehnaz, and Md Fashiur Rahman. "Acquaintance on HIV/AIDS among the Higher Secondary Level Students of Manikgonj District, Bangladesh." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 13, no. 1 (April 23, 2017): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v13i1.41070.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a transmissible retrovirus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) in human, HIV infection gradually affects the immune system of human body and consecutively damages the cell. The result of HIV infection is relentless destruction of the immune system leading to the onset of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). As young adults are one of the vulnerable groups for infection of HIV and studies regarding the awareness on HIV/AIDS among the young adults out of Dhaka are very few in numbers so this study was conducted outside of the capital among the higher secondary level students.
Objective: To assess the level of awareness on HIV/AIDS among the higher secondary level students of Manikgonj District, Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: This observational study was carried out to observe the awareness of HIV/AIDS among the higher secondary level students of randomly selected urban and rural areas of Manikgonj District, Bangladesh. The total number of respondents was 246 and ages ranged from 16 to 25 years.
Results: A total of 246 respondents were interviewed and among them the majority of students were male and awareness was high among the male respondents. Majority of the respondents (98%) heard about HIV/ AIDS. It also revealed 88.62% participants believed that it is a preventable disease and 78.50% of the respondents had knowledge about the unavailability of the vaccine. About the transmission, 93.90% respondents opined that it was due to infected blood transfusion; followed by 92.82% believed due to unprotected sex and 67.1% stated contaminated instruments cause transmission of HIV. In case of prevention of the disease, 88.21% believed health education as one of the preventive methods followed by using condom 86.59%, safe blood transfusion 80.49% and avoiding contaminated instrument 74.80%.
Conclusion: The level of awareness among the higher secondary level students in study area Manikgonj, Bangladesh was satisfactory. To maintain this adequate focus should be given on the need for the further information, education and communication programs to identify the barriers and to seek the ways to enlighten the population about HIV/AIDS knowledge.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 111-116
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Khanal, P. "Sexual Behaviour among Higher Secondary School Students of Kathmandu Metropolitan City." Health Prospect 11 (July 22, 2018): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v11i0.7424.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Lack of knowledge and skills to avoid risky behaviour and lack of access to youth- friendly reproductive health information and services place young people in a position of great vulnerability.Adolescents are at the stage of experimentation and are easily influenced by their peers and are therefore a vulnerable population at risk for HIV/ AIDS and other STIs. Safe sexual behaviour has a crucial role in the prevention of problems related to sexual and reproductive health. The study was designed to explore the sexual behaviour among students of Higher Secondary School in Kathmandu Metropolitan City. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and a total of 268 students enrolled in 12th grade from 6 Higher Secondary Schools were involved in the data collection process. Data collection was done using anonymous, self-administered questionnaire Results: Among total 263 unmarried students, nearly onefifth (17.9%) students have ever had sexual contact. Study showed that nearly half of the sexually experienced students (46.8%) were involved in unsafe sexual behaviour. Conclusion: Nearly one-fifth students had premarital sex and nearly half of the students had been involved in unsafe sexual behavior. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the major concern should be on making the sexual relations safe and it is therefore necessary to encourage young people to be consistent condom users. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v11i0.7424 Health Prospect 2012;11:15-18