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Published: 27 July 2024
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1

RANI, ROJA. "SAFE MOTHERHOOD PROGRAMME." Nursing Journal of India LXXXIV, no. 10 (1993): 231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.48029/nji.1993.lxxxiv1001.

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2

L., J. F. "SAFE MOTHERHOOD." Pediatrics 86, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): A89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.86.3.a89.

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In the United States, the US Agency for International Development (USAID) has decided to fund project MotherCare, which is aimed at enhancing the services and educational programme that have a significant impact on maternal and neonatal health and nutrition. The work is being carried out by John Snow Incorporated in Washington DC and will include five projects in different countries to demonstrate the efficacy of various interventions, such as improvements in the nutrition of newborn babies, as well as the prevention and treatment of disorders known to be important to maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. The MotherCare project will also introduce research and training initiatives in a number of countries. For those interested in researching a practical approach to reducing maternal mortality, the Safe Motherhood Operational Research programme is offering funding for government and non-governmental organisations in developing countries.1
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3

Baral, Om Prasad, and Kamla Vashisth. "Goal, Strategies and Programme of Safe Motherhood in Nepal." Academic Voices: A Multidisciplinary Journal 3 (March 9, 2014): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9981.

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The safe motherhood programme is one of the priority programme of Nepal. Its primary goal is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. Safe pregnancy, safe delivery and safe birth of new born are the major components of safe motherhood. This can be accomplished through increased access to effective antenatal, delivery and postnatal care and a massive health awareness activity in local communities.Academic Voices, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2013, Pages 19-23 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9981
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4

Okiwelu, Tamunosa, Julia Hussein, Sam Adjei, Daniel Arhinful, and Margaret Armar-Klemesu. "Safe motherhood in Ghana: Still on the agenda?" Health Policy 84, no. 2-3 (December 2007): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.05.012.

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Ahmed, Tahera. "The Bangladesh Midwifery Programme – a giant step towards Safe Motherhood." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 5, no. 3 (January 12, 2015): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v5i3.21535.

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Safe Motherhood is not only a Reproductive Right but also a basic human right. Provision of Safe Motherhood services like skilled attendants at birth reduces maternal deaths and morbidities. Bangladesh has reduced maternal deaths from 540/ 100,000 live births in the nineties to 194 in 2010. In a recent estimate by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) has declined to 170 per 100,000 live births in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v5i3.21535 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2014; 5(3):26-27
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6

Coşkun, Anahit Margirit, Eylem Karakaya, and Yaşar Yaşer. "A safe motherhood education and counselling programme in Istanbul." European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 14, no. 6 (November 24, 2009): 424–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13625180903274460.

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7

Barker, Carol E., Cherry E. Bird, Ajit Pradhan, and Ganga Shakya. "Support to the Safe Motherhood Programme in Nepal: An Integrated Approach." Reproductive Health Matters 15, no. 30 (January 2007): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-8080(07)30331-5.

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8

Appiah-Kubi, Kojo. "Access and utilisation of safe motherhood services of expecting mothers in Ghana." Policy & Politics 32, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 387–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/0305573041223744.

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9

Choudhary, Rajendra Kumar, N. K. Jha, and B. Manandhar. "Utilization of Safe Motherhood Services in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Western Region of Nepal." Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences 1, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkahs.v1i3.24149.

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Introduction: It has been two decades Nepal has initiated safe motherhood programme in 1998, since then there has been significant reduction in maternal mortality and improvement in newborn care. Western Regional Hospital is the government referral hospital in western Nepal and has large volume of patients utilizing the safe motherhood services. This study is a review of one year of different safe motherhood services provided by this hospital. Methods: The data from the hospital records section from Asoj 2073 (September - October 2016) to Bhadra 2074 (August - September 2017)has been extracted from the hospital record section and analyzed in terms to different services like antenatal visits, vaginal delivery, caesarean section, incomplete abortion and ectopic pregnancy. The obtained data was entered and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Total of 42,798 patients had utilized the safe motherhood services during the study periods, majority of them being antenatal visits followed by vaginal and caesarean delivery. Some of the vaginal deliveries 490 (5.3%) were complicated which included vacuum delivery, intrauterine fetal death, twins and breech delivery. Among the total delivery 2316(24.8%) were caesarean sections, of which more than halves were due to emergency indications. Conclusions: The safe motherhood program in Western Regional Hospital has positive impact on the maternal health in this region and further expansion of the services and facilities are recommended in coming days in scenario of increasing number of patients.
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10

Pathak, Praveen K., and Sanjay K. Mohanty. "DOES THE SAFE-MOTHERHOOD PROGRAMME REACH THE POOR IN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA?" Asian Population Studies 6, no. 2 (July 2010): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2010.494444.

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11

Matthews, M. Kay, and Robert L. Walley. "WORKING WITH MIDWIVES TO IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH IN RURAL GHANA." Canadian Journal of Midwifery Research and Practice 3, no. 3 (May 30, 2024): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/cjmrp.v3i3.177.

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This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a safe motherhood project in rural Ghana. This project included a partograph and emergency skills program for rural midwives, training and monitoring traditional birth attendants (TBAs), a blood bank and an emergency obstetric transport service. The midwives' roles in caring for women in rural health centres, training and monitoring traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and in emergency obstetric transport are described. In this rural area of Ghana TBAs are responsible for approximately 65% of women in the district during birth. It is important to include them in projects to improve maternal health. The results of process evaluation showed that the rural maternal health system was improved by the project activities through a good communication system, better support for rural midwives, better integration of traditional birth attendants into the health care system and more community involvement. Outcomes included an increase in the number of referrals of women with risk factors and complications to the district hospital, no cases of prolonged obstructed labour in the group of mothers cared for by rural midwives and trained TBAs, a comprehensive recording and reporting system for women cared for by TBAs, and a well established emergency obstetric transport service. Integration of the TBAs into the health care system has had positive effects on TBA practice and morale. However, some TBAs had problems receiving remuneration for their work due to cultural beliefs and practices. The authors conclude that community education and participation are key components of safe motherhood projects.
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12

Chaudhary, Shrawan K. "Scaling up safe motherhood program at Dang district: Impact of programmatic intervention." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 3, no. 2 (July 29, 2014): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v3i2.10827.

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Introduction: Safe motherhood has been a national priority programme and this article highlights the impact of a good programmatic approach to improve safe motherhood services in a district of mid west region of Nepal. Method: Interventions included strengthening of program- Emergency Obstetric Care Services (EmOC) at district hospital and Primary Health Care Center level (basic and comprehensive), Skilled Birth Attendance (SBA) at Health Post level and Community Based Safe Motherhood interventions at community level. In addition, improved family/community practices for birth preparedness and referral of mothers through building the capacity of individuals and families to demand and utilize health services were also implemented. Results: Met need of Emergency Obstetric Care increased from 2% in 2000 to 27.58 % in 2005/06. Number of births increased in hospital from 1078 (2003/2004) to 1753 (2005/2006). Number of caesarean sections was 10 in 2003/04 whereas it has risen to 174 in 2005/06. Similar trends were noticed in other obstetric procedures such as instrumental deliveries and manual removal of placenta. There has also been a significant increase in utilization of EmOC services among the poorest castes- Dalits and Janjatis (from 6.3% in 2000/01 to 12.7% in 2003/04). Twenty four hours blood transfusion services are made available at district hospital. EmOC fund has saved the life of 676 women who utilized EmOC fund and watch group has referred total 559 women to health facilities. Conclusion: Data from Dang district suggests that if interventions are delivered simultaneously and effectively at community level and health facility level, there is definite impact on various indicators of safe motherhood program. However, frequent turnover of staff, vacant post, lack of provision of 24 hours SBA services, limited budget for construction, training and equipment supports, lack of transportation and communication in remote Village Development Committees are barriers of effective safe motherhood program. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v3i2.10827 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vol.3(2) 2008; 21-25
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13

Akasreku, Bridget Dela, Helen Habib, and Augustine Ankomah. "Pregnancy in Disability: Community Perceptions and Personal Experiences in a Rural Setting in Ghana." Journal of Pregnancy 2018 (December 16, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8096839.

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Background. Persons with disabilities (PWDs) generally face strong discrimination and exclusion, especially with regard to their sexual and reproductive health. There is a prevailing social myth in Ghana that women with disabilities are asexual and cannot experience a positive motherhood experience. Although the World Health Organization recommends that research is conducted in this regard, community attitudes towards pregnant women living with disabilities remain largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to explore community attitudes to pregnancy among women living with disabilities. Methodology. The study design was a mixed method cross-sectional study involving quantitative face-to-face individual interviews with 400 randomly selected community members (both males and females) in three communities in the Adaklu District of Volta Region in Ghana. In addition, in-depth interviews were held with five female PWDs. Simple and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to examine the factors associated with perceptions towards pregnant PWDs. Results. Majority of respondents agreed that pregnant women with disabilities should be kept in special institutions until delivery to prevent transmission of their disability to fetuses of pregnant women without disabilities. People also believed that pregnant PWDs are incapable of a safe motherhood experience. Among the strongly influencing factors for negative attitudes towards pregnancy of PWDs were educational status (p<0.001) and perceptions that the disability is caused by accidents (p<0.001) or spiritual issues (p<0.01). Regarding the relationship between perceived cause of disability and the resultant attitudes, respondents were three times more likely to have negative attitude and perceptions towards pregnant women with disabilities if their causes of disabilities were perceived to be spiritual compared to the cause being medical. Conclusion. Our findings indicate that there are generally negative societal attitudes towards pregnant PWDs. The evidence suggests that a degree of prejudice and misconceptions exists towards the pregnancy of women living with disabilities. Generally, there is a public perception that women living with disabilities cannot have a safe motherhood experience and are capable of transferring their disability to an unborn child of another pregnant woman.
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14

Madi, Banyana Cecilia, Julia Hussein, Sennen Hounton, Lucia D’Ambruoso, Endang Achadi, and Daniel Kojo Arhinful. "Setting priorities for safe motherhood programme evaluation: A participatory process in three developing countries." Health Policy 83, no. 1 (September 2007): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.01.006.

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15

Shahi, Shubhadra, Dinesh Raj Neupane, Kamal Ranabhat, Subash Wagle, Manish Rajbanshi, Anita Adhikari, Sandhya Niroula, and Hari Prasad Kafle. "Utilization status of Safe Motherhood Program: a study from Jumla district, Nepal." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 11, no. 6 (May 30, 2024): 2216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241479.

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Background: Safe Motherhood Program is a national priority programme that aims to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity through demand and supply side incentives and free delivery care. The study investigates Safe Motherhood Program’s utilization, changes post-implementation, and associated factors in Jumla district to enhance maternal health care access and reduce preventable maternal deaths. Methods: A community based cross sectional study using quantitative approach was conducted where the women of reproductive age group having at least one child of 3-15 months of age were interviewed using the semi structured interview schedule (n=228). Chi square test was used to show the association with independent and depended variables. All the test was carried out at the statistically significant of p value <0.05. Results: The study revealed significant associations between utilization of maternal health care services and various factors: respondent's education level (p=0.034, OR=1.834, CI=1.043-3.223), husband's education level (p=0.007, OR=2.300, CI=1.252-4.228), respondent's employment status (p=0.003, OR=7.155, CI=1.650-31.029), husband's employment status (p=0.001, OR=2.778, CI=1.526-5.055), monthly income (OR=5.556, CI=2.005-15.393), and involvement in social groups (p=0.009, OR=2.312, CI=1.217-4.390). Conclusions: Despite strong awareness of delivery incentives, the program success was restricted by poor knowledge of checkup incentives. The study identified the sociodemographic factors influencing the appropriate use of Jumla’s Safe Motherhood Program scheme. Pregnancy was highly registered, however less than two thirds of women had the necessary number of examinations performed. Institutional deliveries increased but there was disparity during the service delivery.
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16

Kanya, Lucy, Francis Obare, Charlotte Warren, Timothy Abuya, Ian Askew, and Ben Bellows. "Safe motherhood voucher programme coverage of health facility deliveries among poor women in South-western Uganda." Health Policy and Planning 29, suppl_1 (October 29, 2013): i4—i11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czt079.

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17

Roy, S., and C. Ronsmans. "O585 BANGLADESH'S MATLAB SAFE MOTHERHOOD PROGRAMME - DOES IT REDUCE STILLBIRTHS, EARLY NEONATAL DEATHS AND LATE NEONATAL DEATHS?" International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 119 (October 2012): S467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(12)61015-7.

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18

Angko, William, Joseph Kwame Wulifan, and Joshua Sumankuuro. "Health Insurance Coverage, Socioeconomic Status of Women, and Antenatal Care Utilization in Ghana." Journal of Population and Social Studies 31 (September 8, 2022): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25133/jpssv312023.004.

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Promoting antenatal care (ANC) utilization is one of the key drivers of the Safe Motherhood Initiative aimed at improving maternal health in low-income countries. The study sought to examine the effects of health insurance coverage and socioeconomic status of women on antenatal care utilization in Ghana. The study used cross-sectional data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS). Negative binomial and binary logistic regression models were applied. The results showed that women covered with national health insurance were more likely to have more antenatal care visits and adequate and timely antenatal care. The results showed that having an advanced age, attaining secondary or higher-level education, being employed, being in the richest wealth quintile, and having an active national health insurance subscription during pregnancy significantly predicted ANC utilization. The study suggests that if interventions aimed at reducing the burden of prenatal care are not implemented, coupled with women’s economic empowerment to cater to the cost of prenatal care, the benefits of the ANC associated with early and adequate ANC services may not optimally be achieved. That aside, ANC services in Ghana are technically ‘free’ through the user-fee exemption policy under the NHIS. However, socioeconomic factors still largely determine women’s decisions to utilize maternal health services.
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Adhikari, R. K., and L. H. Dahal. "Factors affecting place of delivery in Dhading district." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 30, no. 3 (December 31, 2008): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.365.

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Background: Nepal is one of countries having highest maternal mortality ratio of 539 per 100,000 live births, with 9.9% health institutional deliveries and where 67% maternal deaths occur at home. The present study aimed to determine the factors affecting place of delivery in Dhading district for the quantification of the factors to help in planning and implementation of safe motherhood programme in Dhading district. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in community and health institutions based cross– sectional comparative design. For this purpose all the 400 mothers of 4 village development committees of Salyantar, Dhuwakot, Tripureshwor and Darkha of Dhading district who delivered babies in the period of January 15, 2007 to January 14, 2008 were selected in the study by using female community health volunteers, Focus Group Discussion. The village development committees were selected by cluster sampling design. Result: The study indicated that the odds of home deliveries among the illiterate mothers was 3.22 times higher compared to literate mothers (1.43-7.48 at 95% confidence limit; p= 0.002). Similarly the study has shown that the odds of home deliveries among multiparous mothers was 2.54 times higher than the primiparous mothers (1.27-5.13 at 95% confidence limit; p=0.002). Similarly the study has shown that the odds of home delivery in Tamang was 3.74 times higher than in ethnic group other than Tamang (1.37-5.19 at 95% confidence limit; p=0.004). These findings suggest that the maternal education, ethnicity, and parity have statistically significant effects to home and health institutional deliveries. Conclusion: From these findings it is recommended that the Safer Motherhood Programme of Dhading district should give priority to the Tamang Commutity and focus needs to be given to the education to the girls and Family Planning Programme needs to be strengthened.
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Santhi, M. D., M. Kanaga Durga, B. Manjula, and J. Sathya. "Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on level of knowledge regarding safe motherhood among antenatal mothers at maternity centre, Salem." International Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 4, no. 2 (2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2395-180x.2018.00017.8.

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Nag, Kaushik, and Manas Patra. "RMNCH+A: A Strategic Approach to Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health in India: A New Initiative in Health Care Delivery System." Journal of Comprehensive Health 2, no. 1 (October 24, 2020): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v02i01.003.

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Mother & child health care remained at the core of health care delivery system in India since independence. India is the first country to launch a National Family Planning Program 1952 which focused mostly on population control. After almost 25 years ofoperation, it was revealed that population control goals cannot be attained in isolation, without ensuring health and well-being ofmothers and children. The ‘welfare’ concept was introduced in the National Family Welfare Programmelaunched in 1977.Inyear 1992, Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) Programme was launched, where all MCH interventions, solong running vertically, were brought under single umbrella.Following the International Conference on Population Development(ICPD) held at Cairo in1994, Reproductive and Child Health(RCH) approach was adopted in India in 1997. RCH approachintegrated all existing MCH interventions with two additional components of adolescent health and management of RTIs& STIs.
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SHARMA, SHARAD KUMAR, YOTHIN SAWANGDEE, and BUPPHA SIRIRASSAMEE. "ACCESS TO HEALTH: WOMEN’S STATUS AND UTILIZATION OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES IN NEPAL." Journal of Biosocial Science 39, no. 5 (March 15, 2007): 671–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932007001952.

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SummaryWith the objective of reducing maternal and neonatal mortality, the Safe Motherhood Program was implemented in Nepal in 1997. It was launched as a priority programme during the ninth five-year plan period, 1997–2002, with the aim of increasing women’s access to health care and raising their status. This paper examines the association of access to health services and women’s status with utilization of prenatal, delivery, and postnatal care during the plan period. The 1996 Nepal Family Health Survey and the 2001 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey data were pooled and the likelihood of women’s using maternal health care was examined in 2001 in comparison with 1996. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicates that the utilization of maternal health services increased over the period. Programme interventions such as outreach worker’s visits, radio programmes on maternal health, maternal health information disseminated through various mass media sources and raising women’s status through education were able to explain the observed change in utilization. Health worker visits and educational status of women showed a large association, but radio programmes and other mass media information were only partially successful in increasing use of maternal health services. Socioeconomic and demographic variables such as household economic status, number of living children and place of residence showed stronger association with use of maternal health services then did intervention programmes.
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23

Indra, V. "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Safe Motherhood among adolescent girls in selected Higher Secondary School at Puducherry." International Journal of Advances in Nursing Management 4, no. 1 (2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-2652.2016.00010.x.

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24

Siakwa, Augustine Narkorli Kwesi. "Vízgazdálkodás – Ghána." Journal of Central European Green Innovation 11, no. 2 (October 17, 2023): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.4849.

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Having a tropical climate, Ghana experience high rainfall per year making water resources abundant in the country. The major water resources in the country include; lakes, rivers, streams, ponds and groundwater. Unfortunately, the management of these water resources by ensuring there is sufficient water of adequate quality for drinking and other benefits has been a challenge to government institutions responsible for the planning and execution of policies to manage and sustain these resources. The three major management problem are pollution, flood, and drought. The Government of Ghana in 2022 uses key tracker and indicator as an innovative way of monitoring the progress made in the country’s effort to address menace of illegal mining that pollute water resources in Ghana (ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 2023). Dam safety Regulation LI 2236 of 2016 was established as an innovative way safeguarding dams to prevent flooding (WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION, 2021). Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and consultants use treated sludges and waste water for nursing vegetable seedlings, flash flood forecasting app for detecting early flood warning, using technology to recycle carwash water for re-use. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) together with United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) through the Capacity Building Initiative for transparency (CBIT) project was aimed at strengthening the effectiveness of Ghana climate ambitious reporting programme for climate action and support (ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, 2023). Cooperation in International Waters in Africa (CIWA) a project of World bank, The Sahel groundwater Initiative by CIWA, Transboundary water management in Africa by European union and other initiatives seeks to assist Africa including Ghana with innovation ways in realizing the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals (SDG6) which calls for ensuring the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all by 2030. The government and the institutions responsible for safe guarding the water resources must invest in innovative methods in managing this great resource.
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Xiong, Khou, Joy Kamunyori, and Jane Sebidi. "The MomConnect helpdesk: how an interactive mobile messaging programme is used by mothers in South Africa." BMJ Global Health 3, Suppl 2 (April 2018): e000578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000578.

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South Africa’s MomConnect mobile messaging programme, which aims to promote safe motherhood and improve pregnancy outcomes for South African women, includes a helpdesk feature which allows women registered on the system to ask maternal and child health (MCH)-related questions and to provide feedback on health services received at public health clinics. Messages sent to the helpdesk are answered by staff located at the National Department of Health. We examined event data from the MomConnect helpdesk database to identify any patterns in messages received, such as correlation of frequency or types of messages with location. We also explored what these data could tell us about the helpdesk’s effectiveness in improving health service delivery at public health clinics. We found that approximately 8% of registered MomConnect users used the helpdesk, and that usage was generally proportional to the use of antenatal care (ANC) services in provinces (as indicated by number of ANC first visits and number of MomConnect registrations), except in two provinces. Language, category and key topics of helpdesk messages were correlated with provinces. Most users accessed the helpdesk to seek maternal information, and where feedback about health services was provided, there were significantly more compliments than complaints. The MomConnect helpdesk is an important resource providing expectant mothers and mothers of infants with an interactive option for accessing MCH-related information—above that included in the standard MomConnect messages—and advances achievement of the health goals of the MomConnect programme.
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Shroff, Arvind, and Bhavin J. Shah. "Reaching the unreached: Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Centres for child heart care." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 12, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2021-0143.

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Learning outcomes Need for preventive health care: To comprehend the contribution of preventive health care in improving the health quotient. Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Hospital (SSSSH) and its initiative is an apt example of the wonder which preventive care can bring in the context of rural health. Community participation: The case can be instrumental in showing the pathway to encourage community involvement in mainstream health by promoting the holistic model of SSSSH that understands mothers and children's health profile and needs, especially in the unreached rural segments of an emerging economy like India. Importance of healthy childhood: World Health Organization (WHO) promotes the school health programme to prevent health risks among children by inculcating healthy behaviours during childhood. The successful SSSSH model proves that it is implementable by integrating comprehensive health education modules in the existing institutions for medical care. Case overview/synopsis The challenge of a healthy childhood is inadequate availability and accessibility of quality care. Non-awareness of the parents is also a significant reason for the children who miss the benefit of a happy childhood. While much is planned by the Government and some part of it being executed, this case highlights the effectiveness of the maternal and child health programme executed by the Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Hospital (SSSSH). This initiative fulfills the dire need of ensuring the preventive healthcare component leading to safe motherhood and safe birth of healthy children. Further, the case is also the culmination of pin-pointed innovative awareness activities such as school health screening and the Divine Mother and Child Health Program (DMCHP). It opens up the discussion on the current model of health care followed by SSSSH, Raipur, and its impact in the local areas to decide on its expansion across the country for nationwide implementation. Complexity academic level Bachelors in Business Administration, MBA, Executive MBA, Post Graduate Diploma in Healthcare Management Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 2: Built Environment.
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Upasani, R. N. Saroj V. "A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Female Multipurpose Health Workers (MPHW) on selected Components of Safe Motherhood Programme in the State of Maharashtra." International Journal of Nursing Education 7, no. 1 (2015): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-9357.2015.00009.4.

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28

Eshun, Samuel Nuamah, and Boadi Agyekum. "Migration information campaign through music: The effect of Kofi Kinaata’s highlife song on young people in Ghana." Crossings: Journal of Migration & Culture 13, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/cjmc_00064_1.

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Since 2014 over 2 million people have arrived at the shores of Europe through irregular crossing. This has created huge socio-economic consequences for the European people. In a bid to solve this unprecedented migrant crisis, the European Union and its member states have implemented migration information campaign (MIC) as part of a remote border control strategy to curb irregular migration. In Ghana, Kofi Kinaata was selected as a goodwill ambassador and his song, entitled ‘No Place Like Home’ is part of a broader advocacy programme that was implemented in West Africa to reduce irregular migration. This study seeks to investigate the effects of Kofi Kinaata’s song on the migration intention of young people in Ghana. The study is a qualitative descriptive study involving sixteen participants in the Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana. The study revealed that young people with the ambition of migrating irregularly are already aware of the fear messages used by sponsors of MICs, though they still want to travel through the irregular way. It is therefore recommended that investment in remote border control by European countries should focus more on reducing poverty and creating jobs in migrant source countries since these are the key factors driving irregular migration. Immigration policies by EU countries and other migrant receiving countries should also be relaxed making room for alternative affordable and safe pathways to migration. This article has also called on governments in migrant source countries to strengthen their institutions to deal with poverty and regulate migration. This will go a long way to curb the menace of irregular migrants in Europe and elsewhere.
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Twene, P., and A. E. Yawson. "Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) Reporting in A Rural District in Ghana." Postgraduate Medical Journal of Ghana 7, no. 2 (July 12, 2022): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.60014/pmjg.v7i2.176.

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Background: Even though vaccines used in routine childhood immunization programmes are safe, adverse events following immunization (AEFI) may occur. These events must be recognized for prompt and effective response. This can contribute to success of the immunization programme and sustain interest of the public in vaccination.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study comprising primary and secondary data collection methods were used for the study at Jaman North District in Ghana. The secondary data was extracted from immunization reports using a Microsoft excel spread sheet. The primary data was obtained from respondents using structured interview questionnaire. Simple random sampling was used to select caregivers and health workers were purposively selected. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) windows (version 21.0).Results: A total of 140 mothers or caregivers and 47 health workers were studied, with mean age of 27.8 years in each group. The rates of AEFI ranged from 0.02% for pneumococcal vaccine to 0.14% for pentavalent vaccine. In all, 63.8% of the health workers could not define AEFI, and 91.5% of the health workers do not use anaphylactic pack at immunization sessions. Majority (95.7%) of the participants agreed that poor AEFIs monitoring can lead to reduction in immunization coverage. AEFI training for health workers had a strong association (p<0.001) on their ability to identify AEFIs. The study indicated that mothers or caregivers were knowledgeable in many of the indicators of AEFI. In all, 93.7% of mothers or caregivers indicated that attitude of health workers was very good.Conclusion: The study revealed low (<1%) AEFI reporting rate by mothers or caregivers. Only 36.2% health workers had knowledge with respect to definition of AFEI. The study indicated that more than a third of mothers (36%) were of the view that reporting of AEFIscan lead to personal consequences. Increased national efforts at surveillance for AEFI is imperative.
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Dhakne, Swati, and Deepak Phalke. "Awareness and effect of Janani Suraksha Yojana on antenatal care and institutional deliveries in rural, urban & tribal areas of Ahmednagar district." International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research 1, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31878/ijcbr.2018.51.06.

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Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a centrally sponsored scheme which is being implemented with the objective of reducing maternal and infant mortality by promoting institutional delivery among pregnant women. The Government of India introduced the JSY (safe motherhood program) based on the principles of CCT. Under JSY, cash assistance was given to pregnant women receiving at least three antenatal check-ups (ANCs) and delivering at institutions. The study is undertaken to establish if there is any co-relation of level of awareness about the scheme and its impact on ANC and institutional deliveries in the rural, urban and tribal area of Ahmednagar district. Method: The JSY beneficiaries were asked demographic characteristics, area of residency, educational levels, Category and place of delivery were noted. A set of question (self-designed and pretested) and their responses were noted. Result: Out of 825 JSY beneficiaries, there were total 781 (94.7%) Hindu, Muslim 23(2.8%) and Christian 21 (2.5%) beneficiaries. Majority of Hindu religion JSY beneficiaries. Only few member from BPL JSY beneficiaries have opted for delivery at private hospital. Maximum deliveries taking place in civil hospital are from BPL category. It was observed that the awareness level about JSY is low in tribal area compared to the rural and urban area. It was also seen that 648 (78.54%) JSY beneficiaries availed free transport facility out of which 358 (55.24%) fall in high level of awareness category. There is a positive relation between age group and awareness about JSY. Conclusion: 46.8% women with high awareness about JSY scheme, it is a programme for pregnant women which aims at safe institutional delivery. Other factors such as education of mother, religion, culture, area of residence, family type played important role in utilization of available maternal health scheme.
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Farah, Shayela, and Mohoshina Karim. "Determinants of utilization of antenatal care services in rural area of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Medical Journal 44, no. 2 (April 5, 2016): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v44i2.27240.

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Appropriate ante-natal care services promote safe motherhood and delivery with improved maternal and neonatal outcome. This population based cross sectional descriptive study was carried out to determine the utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services in a rural community of Bangladesh. Out of the 112 women studied, 63.4% mothers were found to receive antenatal care. Among them one third (32.4%) took it more than 4 occasions, 34(47.8%) pregnant women received antenatal care from government hospitals, 19(27%) from family welfare centre, 6(8.5%) from satellite clinics and around 12(17%) received from private hospitals. Around 71% mothers received ANC service from doctor while 17% mothers received from trained professionals. Seventy four percent mothers received tetanus (TT) injections. Only one fourth (25.3%) mothers had not received it. On an average, 90% mothers received iron tablets during their pregnancy. Regarding have danger signs during pregnancy, it was found that, 58.9% mothers were not aware about the have danger signs and 29.5% respondents knew about all the danger signs. Association between educational status and treatment seeking behaviour for pregnancy complication was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). However, association between educational status and place of treatment for pregnancy complication was also found significant (p<0.01). Intensive awareness programme, behavioural change interventions and regular pregnancy monitoring may promote antenatal care service utilization in rural Bangladesh.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 May; 44 (2): 67-71
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Kamere, Nduta, Sandra Tafadzwa Garwe, Oluwatosin Olugbenga Akinwotu, Chloe Tuck, Eva M. Krockow, Sara Yadav, Agbaje Ganiyu Olawale, et al. "Scoping Review of National Antimicrobial Stewardship Activities in Eight African Countries and Adaptable Recommendations." Antibiotics 11, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091149.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem threatening safe, effective healthcare delivery in all countries and settings. The ability of microorganisms to become resistant to the effects of antimicrobials is an inevitable evolutionary process. The misuse and overuse of antimicrobial agents have increased the importance of a global focus on antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). This review provides insight into the current AMS landscape and identifies contemporary actors and initiatives related to AMS projects in eight African countries (Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia), which form a network of countries participating in the Commonwealth Partnerships for Antimicrobial Stewardship (CwPAMS) programme. We focus on common themes across the eight countries, including the current status of AMR, infection prevention and control, AMR implementation strategies, AMS, antimicrobial surveillance, antimicrobial use, antimicrobial consumption surveillance, a one health approach, digital health, pre-service and in-service AMR and AMS training, access to and supply of medicines, and the impact of COVID-19. Recommendations suitable for adaptation are presented, including the development of a national AMS strategy and incorporation of AMS in pharmacists’ and other healthcare professionals’ curricula for pre-service and in-service training.
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Schelbert, Vasco, Dario Meili, Mahbub-Ul Alam, Sheillah Simiyu, Prince Antwi-Agyei, Kwaku Amaning Adjei, Bismark Dwumfour-Asare, et al. "When is shared sanitation acceptable in low-income urban settlements? A user perspective on shared sanitation quality in Kumasi, Kisumu and Dhaka." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 4 (October 7, 2020): 959–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.084.

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Abstract Shared sanitation facilities (SSFs) have contributed considerably to sanitation access in many low-income settlements. While many SSFs are of unacceptable quality, others have been found to be a hygienically safe and a socially and economically viable sanitation option. Within its framework, the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), evaluating progress on the Sustainable Development Goals, considers shared sanitation as ‘limited sanitation’. Overall, there is uncertainty about the criteria to distinguish between unacceptable and acceptable quality of SSF. In our study, we used a user-centred qualitative approach in low-income urban settlements in Kumasi (Ghana), Kisumu (Kenya) and Dhaka (Bangladesh) and conducted 17 focus group discussions to evaluate how SSF users define the quality of an SSF and which aspects they consider as essential priorities for good-quality SSF. In descending order, the user priorities identified are: immediate water access, cleanliness, gender-separated toilets, flush toilets, lighting for use at night, lockable/functional doors, tiling, handwashing stations and privacy. This list can serve as input to the sanitation guidelines, local building codes and the establishment of minimum national sanitation standards. SSFs that meet these minimal criteria can then be promoted as an incremental step when individual household facilities are not feasible.
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Akter, Pervin, Farzana Sharmin, Jinnat Ara Islam, Hasina Begum, Khadija, Dalia Nasreen, Zeba Ahmed, Md Iqbal Mahmud Choudhury, and Nilufar Shabnam. "Comparative assessment of birth preparedness and complication readiness among women in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh." Bioresearch Communications 8, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 1100–1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brc.v8i2.60640.

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Background: Birth preparedness and complication readiness is an imperative intervention which has proven to reduce delays in care seeking behavior in case of obstetric emergencies. Although, many pregnant women and their families do not take the suggested steps to prepare for childbirth, despite of being known of them. Additionally, marked disparities often have been observed between rural and urban areas, with more maternal and neonatal deaths occurring in the rural areas owing to the unpreparedness. This study thus set out to assess and compare the knowledge, practice and factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness among women from rural and urban areas in Bangladesh. Methodology: A cross-sectional comparative study design have been undertaken among 250 rural and 240 urban women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Shaheed Sayed Nazrul Islam Medical College and Hospital, Kishoreganj, Dhaka over a period of 6 months from 1st October 2020 to 30th March 2021. All pregnant women who attended in the antenatal clinic of SSNIMCH and SSMCH for the first time during the study period was include in the study. Quantitative data was collected by the use of semi structured questionnaires adapted from the safe motherhood questionnaire, developed by maternal and neonatal Programme of Johns Hopkins Programme for International Education in Gynaecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO) an affiliate of John Hopkins University. Result: Birth preparedness and complication readiness was evident in 34.17% of the urban and 30.4% of the rural respondents. Urban women were statistically significantly more aware of the danger signs of pregnancy, labour and postpartum period (p<0.001). Selection of place of delivery, arrangement of transportation, emergency fund and blood donor was the most important actions taken as part of birth preparedness both in rural and urban respondents. Null birth preparedness was observed among 28.0% of the rural respondents compared to 2.50% of the urban respondents. The decision regarding the place of delivery was taken mostly by their husband both in urban and rural sub sets. Thus, this study findings showed low practice of BPACR both among urban and rural community while rural people showed more inaction than urban people. Bioresearch Commu. 8(2): 1100-1105, 2022 (July)
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JAIN, ANRUDH K., ZEBA SATHAR, MOMINA SALIM, and ZAKIR HUSSAIN SHAH. "THE IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC SECTOR HEALTH FACILITY-LEVEL DATA FOR MONITORING CHANGES IN MATERNAL MORTALITY RISKS AMONG COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF PAKISTAN." Journal of Biosocial Science 45, no. 5 (March 26, 2013): 601–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932013000126.

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SummaryThis paper illustrates the importance of monitoring health facility-level information to monitor changes in maternal mortality risks. The annual facility-level maternal mortality ratios (MMRs), complications to live births ratios and case fatality ratios (CFRs) were computed from data recorded during 2007 and 2009 in 31 upgraded public sector health facilities across Pakistan. The facility-level MMR declined by about 18%; both the number of Caesarean sections and the episodes of complications as a percentage of live births increased; and CFR based on Caesarean sections and episodes of complications declined by 29% and 37%, respectively. The observed increases in the proportion of women with complications among those who come to these facilities point to a reduction in the delay in reaching facilities (first and second delays; Thaddeus & Maine, 1994); the decrease in CFRs points to improvements in treating obstetric complications and a reduction in the delay in receiving treatment once at facilities (the third delay). These findings point to a decline in maternal mortality risks among communities served by these facilities. A system of woman-level data collection instituted at health facilities with comprehensive emergency obstetric care is essential to monitor changes in the effects of any reduction in the three delays and any improvement in quality of care or the effectiveness of treating pregnancy-related complications among women reaching these facilities. Such a system of information gathering at these health facilities would also help policymakers and programme mangers to measure and improve the effectiveness of safe-motherhood initiatives and to monitor progress being made toward achieving the fifth Millennium Development Goal.
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Maharjan, Reena, Mamata Bharati, Sarala Shrestha, Bimala Tandukar, Bimala Parajuli, and Shreejana Singh. "Level of Autonomy and Antenatal Services Utilization among the Women of Reproductive age Group Residing in an Urban Municipality of Lalitpur." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v21i2.47439.

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Introduction: Antenatal care is one of the pillars of a safe motherhood programme in improving maternal and child health. Women’s autonomy is seen as an important factor in utilization of maternal health services. Therefore, the objective of study was to find the level of autonomy and utilization of antenatal services among the women of reproductive age group. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 151 women of reproductive age group having at least one child in the age group of less than one year were selected using non probability purposive sampling technique from four randomly selected wards of Godawari Municipality. A validated and pretested Nepali version interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents through door-to-door visit. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics i.e. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze data. Results: The study findings revealed that the majority (58.3%) of respondents had a lower level of overall autonomy. The highest autonomy was seen in decision making and lowest in financial related issues. Almost all (96%) of the respondents had fully utilized antenatal services. There was significant association between antenatal services utilization with women’s autonomy (p-value 0.041). Education of women and their husbands (p-value 0.009 and 0.013 respectively) as well as easy access to health facilities and availability of private transportation (p-value 0.005 and 0.039 respectively) were significantly associated with utilization of antenatal services. Conclusions: This study concludes that women’ autonomy tends to influence their antenatal services utilization. Likewise, education of women as well as their husbands tends to facilitate utilization of antenatal services. The study also concludes that easy access to health facilities and availability of private vehicles facilitates utilization of antenatal services.
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Shah, Sunil, and Jose Augusto R. Simoes. "Determinants of skilled birth attendants in Nepal: a case of Surkhet district." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220839.

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Background: Safe delivery incentive program was introduced to increase the skilled attendants at births. The program provided childbirth by skilled birth attendants as well as incentives to skilled birth attendants ‘cash’ to women giving birth in a health facility in addition to incentives to health provider for each delivery attended, either at home or the facility. Due to its implementation and administrative delays, the program was reformed and implemented as a ‘safer mother program’ popularly known as “aama-suraksha-karyakram” since January 2009.Methods: The study was conducted in Surkhet district of Nepal. Surkhet is a hilly district and is head-quarter of mid-western development region of Nepal. There is one hospital, 5 PHCCs, 9 HPs and 38 SHPs serving 288,527 people in the district. The delivery by trained health worker (HW) in the district is 31.8% in 2005/06 which has increased about two times for two years. Surkhet is one of the districts monitoring the process indicators for safe motherhood programme in Nepal. Birth preparedness package programme has been implementing in the district from this year. The study population were the mothers within the age group of 15 to 49 years in Surkhet district. The sampling frame of the study was the mothers who had delivered the baby within 12 months preceding the survey.Results: About one third mothers, having 0-5 poverty score, utilised delivery assisted by HWs, while about three fourth of them having more than 5 score utilised HWs as delivery assistant. Higher educated mothers utilised HWs as delivery assistant more than that of higher educated husband. Among higher educated mothers, about 85% utilised delivery assisted by HWs, while it was about 75% for higher educated husband. Occupation of mother was also significantly associated with utilisation of delivery by HWs. Mother having office work utilised about 5 times higher HWs than others as their delivery assistant. The distance to health facility was significantly associated with utilisation of delivery attendant (p value <0.001). The mothers with less travelling time to reach health facility were more likely to utilise HWs as delivery attendant. About three fourth mothers who needed less than half an hour utilised delivery assisted by HWs. There was equal proportion of mothers who needed 30-59 minutes to reach the nearest health facility. In the other hand, about 73% of mothers who needed one hour or more to reach health facility utilised others as delivery assistant. Perceived quality of service to nearby health facility by mothers was also significantly associated with utilisation of HWs as delivery attendant (p value <0.05). About two third of mothers perceiving good quality of service at local health facility utilised HWs as delivery attendant while, it was only 44% among mothers perceiving poor quality of services.Conclusions: There should be adequate planning and preparation at all levels of health facilities; implementing a new program should not adversely affect another existing service delivery system. For the optional implementation, hospital organogram should be revised; and physical facilities and the low-risk birthing-centers with referral linkages should be expanded.
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Shallon, Atuhaire, Oladosu A. Ojengbede, John Francis Mugisha, and Akin-Tunde A. Odukogbe. "Social reintegration and rehabilitation of obstetric fistula patients before and after repair in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 13, no. 2 (November 29, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v13i2.21846.

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Aims: To review how social reintegration and rehabilitation processes are being executed among obstetric patients in Sub-Saharan Africa and highlight projects and programs involved. Methods: This is a systematic review involving a search of relevant literature from PubMed, Google scholar, PsychINFO, African Journals Online, Australian Journals Online, and open access journal of international organizations such as WHO, UNFPA, USAID, Engender Health, Fistula Foundation, and Fistula Care Plus published between 1978 to date. Of the 46 articles identified, 25 were suitable for achievement of this study’s purpose. Results: Sub-Saharan African countries have recognized the overall burden of obstetric fistula and have devised strategies for its’ holistic management. Most countries have National Obstetric Fistula Strategic Frameworks which emphasize multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary approaches other than medical paradigm. Extraordinary among others are: Nigeria, Uganda, Tanzania and Guinea while some countries such as Benin Republic, Chad, Malawi, Mali, and Zambia lack support the at policy level, and have inadequate community outreach programmes. Social reintegration and rehabilitation have been done through the identification of individual patient’s need/s. Upon discharge from hospital, they are counseled, given soap, clothes, transportation fund and are referred to community based projects for elementary education and skills development. Projects and programmes aiming to combat obstetric fistula and restore patients’ self-worth and dignity are: Lamaneh Suisse, and Delta Survie in Mali, Dimol in Niger, Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) in Burundi, FORWARD in Nigeria and Sierra Leone, Handicap International in Benin Republic, Women For Africa in Ghana and Liberia, TERREWODE and CoRSU both in Uganda, Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia in Ethiopia, and Safe Motherhood Initiative, Fistula Foundation, Fistula Care Plus, Engender Health, UNFPA, AMREF for Health, WHO and others which cut across the region. Conclusions: Most Sub-Saharan countries have registered progress in assuring effective social reintegration and rehabilitation of obstetric fistula patients although some are still grappling with the issue due to lack of political commitment and inadequate outreach programmes. There is scanty information regarding reintegration and rehabilitation before obstetric fistula repair and yet it would hasten physical and mental wellbeing of the patients as they await repair.
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Rai, Shashibala, and Saswata Narayan Biswas. "Adoption of safe motherhood practices and the moderating role of facilitating conditions." Journal of Social Marketing, April 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-04-2020-0072.

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Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors responsible for the utilisation of safe motherhood practices under the Government of India (GOI)-run maternal health programme Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY). Design/methodology/approach Data for the survey were collected from 435 expectant mothers registered under JSY from seven districts of western Uttar Pradesh, India. Based on the existing theories of behaviour change and the social marketing framework, a model of antecedents of adoption of safe motherhood practices was tested out empirically. Findings The results suggested that controlling for demographic variables such as age, education, number of children, intention to follow safe motherhood practices, maternal health self-efficacy, attitude towards safe motherhood, life satisfaction and facilitating conditions all contributed towards the adoption of safe motherhood practices. However, facilitating conditions moderated the relationship between intention to follow safe motherhood practices and adoption of safe motherhood practices. Research limitations/implications The study focused only on maternal health, excluding child health under JSY. Practical implications The study findings suggest that social marketers should focus on the individual (micro)- as well as programme (macro)-level factors to bring about systemic behaviour change. Social implications The adoption of safe motherhood practices will result in a reduction of the maternal mortality rate. This will improve the overall health of mother and child. Originality/value The JSY programme is targeted at promoting safe motherhood practices among poor women in the reproductive age group from India. The adoption of safe motherhood practices will result in less maternal mortality and contribute to the well-being of the family.
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40

"Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood Programme: Progress Report 1987-1990." Studies in Family Planning 22, no. 3 (May 1991): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1966651.

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41

Gething, Peter W., Fiifi Amoako Johnson, Faustina Frempong-Ainguah, Philomena Nyarko, Angela Baschieri, Patrick Aboagye, Jane Falkingham, Zoe Matthews, and Peter M. Atkinson. "Geographical access to care at birth in Ghana: a barrier to safe motherhood." BMC Public Health 12, no. 1 (November 16, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-991.

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42

"Structured Teaching Programme Regarding Selected Aspects of Safe Motherhood on Knowledge among Primipara Mothers." International Journal of Nursing Education, January 26, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/ijone.v13i1.13317.

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43

Dauletyarova, M., Y. Semenova, G. Kaylyubaeva, G. Shalgumbayeva, A. Tlemisov, G. Manabaeva, and A. M. Grjibovski. "Preliminary results of the implementation of the WHO programme on safe motherhood in Eastern Kazakhstan." European Journal of Public Health 23, suppl_1 (October 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckt124.024.

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44

Ajayi, Anthony Idowu, and Wilson Akpan. "Maternal health care services utilisation in the context of ‘Abiye’ (safe motherhood) programme in Ondo State, Nigeria." BMC Public Health 20, no. 1 (March 19, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08512-z.

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45

"Clinical management of abortion complications: A practical guide Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood Programme, World Health Organization, 1994." Reproductive Health Matters 2, no. 4 (November 1994): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-8080(94)90049-3.

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46

Bhandari, Tulsi Ram, and Ganesh Dangal. "Safe Delivery Care: Policy, Practice and Gaps in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 52, no. 192 (December 31, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.2443.

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Delivery care is regarded as safe when it is attended by a skilled birth attendant either at health facility or home. Childbirth practices differ from place to place and are determined by availability and accessibility of health services. After National Health Policy (1991), Nepal has focused on safe motherhood policies and programmes. Maternal mortality ratio decreased nearly fourfold between the years 1990 to 2011. The country is likely to achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5. However, indicators of the MDG 5: skilled care at birth and institutional delivery rates are very far from the targets. From the initial findings of limited studies, safe delivery incentive programme has been successful for increasing the skilled care at birth and institutional delivery and reducing the maternal mortality twofold between the years 1990 to 2011. In spite of numerous efforts there is a wide difference in the utilization of skilled care at birth among the women by area of residence, ecological regions, wealth quintiles, education status, age and parity of women, caste ethnicity and so forth. This difference indicates that current policies and programmes are not enough for addressing the low utilization of safe delivery care throughout the country. Keywords: delivery practices; gaps; Nepal; place of delivery; safe delivery care policy.
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Rao, Shalakha, and Shivani Kushwaha. "Role of Income Generation Programme in Women Empowerment." SMS Journal of Enterpreneurship & Innovation 2, no. 2 (July 30, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21844/smsjei.v2i2.11147.

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The connection between poverty and women's lack of power over resources and decision-making has now caught the attention of policymakers in government and mainstream development all over the world. Women empowerment issues perceived nationally or locally are being addressed by both state and non-state agencies. Beside the government intervention, NGOs are implementing various types of Women Empowerment Programmes including IG Programmes. Women Empowerment Programmes in India include livelihood support Programme, rehabilitation and job placement for rescued women, safe motherhood Programme and so forth. In spite of involvement of various NGOs in women empowerment through Income Generation and Skill Development Programmes, the status of women is still not satisfactory in India as various official as well as unofficial reports claim and the outcomes against the stated objectives of the NGOs' Women Empowerment Programmes are often questioned. Therefore, the present study is focused in assessing the impact of IG Programmes run by non-government organizations in empowering women. The researcher hypothesizes that IG Programme with its components viz., skill training, resource inputs of loan and equipment help to increase income to the women through independent business or work in the related field; the increased income lessens their dependence on family heads and enables to spend for personal expenses; gives them certain freedoms as individuals; enables them to contribute to family affairs financially, which creates an environment in the family in favor or the women to accept her views and participation in family matters like education, marriage, purchase etc.
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Atuahene, Margaret Duah, Sylvia Arde-Acquah, Nana Frema Atuahene, Martin Adjuik, and John Kuumuori Ganle. "Inclusion of men in maternal and safe motherhood services in inner-city communities in Ghana: evidence from a descriptive cross-sectional survey." BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 17, no. 1 (December 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1590-3.

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Kwesi Agbofa, Francis Justice. "Evaluating the Impact of (WASH) Program on Education in the New Juaben North Municipal of Ghana: Evidence from SDA College Demonstration Basic Schools." RA JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH 08, no. 01 (January 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/rajar/v8i1.01.

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The study assessed the causes of inefficiencies in the WASH programme at the Demonstration Basic Schools in the New Juaben North Municipal Assembly; examined the effects of the inefficiencies on the learners at the schools, and suggested appropriate strategies to improve the WASH programme. The researcher employed a qualitative approach to achieve these objectives. The population included headteachers, teachers and learners for the study. The study used purposive sampling technique to select 8 participants. This comprised three head teachers, two teachers and three learners from the school. The findings of the study showed that challenges that confront the WASH programme at the schools were inadequate water supply, poor sanitation and hygiene systems, lack of adequate handwashing points, unclean and not properly maintained toilets, lack of quality toilet facilities, lack of menstrual hygiene management (MHM), inadequate sanitary materials, and unhygienic toilet conditions. It is recommended that the government and authorities should improve the WASH system in the school. Moreover, adequate WASH facilities should be provided considering the various guidelines for WASH to ensure that facilities are adequate, sufficient, accessible, and safe for use by learners. Also, the Ghana Education Service should infuse sanitation education into the new or existing curriculum.
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Klobodu, Cynthia, Brandy-Joe Milliron, Kofi Agyabeng, Patricia Akweongo, and Augustine Adomah-Afari. "Maternal birth preparedness and complication readiness in the Greater Accra region of Ghana: a cross-sectional study of two urban health facilities." BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 20, no. 1 (September 25, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03263-6.

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Abstract Background High maternal mortality ratios remain a critical public health concern in Ghana. Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP/CR), which is a component of focused antenatal care, is a safe motherhood strategy intended to promote skilled birth attendance by helping women and their families plan for pregnancy and childbirth, thereby reducing maternal mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the level of BP/CR and to assess factors associated with maternal BP/CR in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Method A cross sectional descriptive quantitative study was carried out among 300 postnatal women attending the Adabraka Polyclinic and the Greater Accra Regional Hospital both within Accra, the capital city of Ghana. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire which assessed socio-demographic, health facility/provider and social support factors and their associations with BP/CR. Levels of BP/CR were assessed using validated tools. Data from 300 women were analyzed using STATA version 15.0. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to establish associations between BP/CR and socio-demographic, health facility/provider and social support factors. Results Approximately 234 (78%) of the women were birth prepared. Strong predictors of BP/CR included having ≥4 antenatal clinic visits (aOR 2.63; 95% CI 1.03–6.73), being employed (aOR 4.07; 95% CI 1.49–11.11) and belonging to maternal health promoting clubs or groups during the antenatal period (aOR 3.00; 95% CI 1.07–8.40) . Conclusion BP/CR is generally high among the study population. Predictors of BP/CR are multifactorial and found to cut across all aspects assessed in the study. Therefore, the creation of a BP/CR tool is recommended to routinely monitor trends in maternal birth preparedness in antenatal clinics. This may help to sustain and improve current levels and indicators of BP/CR.
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