Dissertations / Theses: 'Safe management'

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Makin, Anne-Marie Safety Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "Applying the "safe place, safe person, safe systems" framework to improve OHS management: a new integrated approach." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Safety Science, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43636.

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A new model was developed to enhance the understanding of the full context of work associated hazards, to explore the connection between OHS performance and a systematic approach to safety, and to simplify approaches to OHS management. This Safe Place, Safe Person, Safe Systems model was derived from the literature and used as the basis for the development of a framework, consisting of 60 elements which was transformed into an assessment tool. This assessment tool was trialled with a pilot study on a medium sized manufacturing plant in the plastics industry, and the tool and Preliminary Report peer reviewed by an expert panel using the Nominal Group Technique. After refinements were made to the assessment tool it was applied to eight case studies that were drawn from advertisements. This qualitative study consisted of two parts: firstly the assessment using the Safe Place, Safe Person, Safe Systems framework; and secondly a controlled self assessment exercise to target improvements to three of the elements over a period of four months. The study illustrated that the Safe Place, Safe Person, Safe Systems framework could be successfully applied in a range of industries to promote OHS improvements and to provide a systematic, planned approach to fulfilling OHS responsibilities. The application of this framework highlighted that: there is a need for further education on the correct application of the risk assessment process and the responsibilities owed to contractors; techniques such as dynamic risk assessments are more suitable where the place of work is variable and hazards are unpredictable; more focus is needed on the appropriate management of hazardous substances with long term health consequences; and that the level of formality invoked for treating hazards does not necessarily equate to improved risk reduction outcomes. The Safe Place, Safe Person, Safe Systems framework was found to be applicable to small, medium and large organisations provided the assessment was scoped to a small division of relatively homogeneous activity to ensure a more representative hazard profile. This approach has provided a way forward to simplify OHS management and also offers practical direction for implementing a targeted OHS improvement program.

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Shin, Hwayeon Helene, and helene shin@abs gov au. "Institutional safe space and shame management in workplace bullying." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061114.142503.

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This study addresses the question of how an individuals perception of the safety of his or her institutional space impacts on shame management skills. Shame has been widely recognised as a core emotion that can readily take the form of anger and violence in interpersonal relationships if it is unresolved. When shame is not acknowledged properly, feelings of shame build up and lead to shame-rage spirals that break down social bonds between people. Some might consider the total avoidance of shame experiences as a way to cut the link between shame and violence. However, there is a reason why we cannot just discard the experience of shame. Shame is a self-regulatory emotion (Braithwaite, 1989, 2002; Ahmed et al., 2001). If one feels shame over wrongdoing, one is less likely to re-offend in the future. That is to say, shame is a destructive emotion on the one hand in the way it can destroy our social bonds, but on the other hand, it is a moral emotion that reflects capacity to regulate each other and ourselves. This paradoxical nature of shame gives rise to the necessity of managing shame in a socially adaptive way. A group of scholars in the field of shame has argued that institutions can be designed in such a way that they create safe space that allows people to feel shame and manage shame without its adverse consequences (Ahmed et al., 2001). This means that people would feel safe to acknowledge shame and accept the consequences of their actions without fear of stigmatisation or the disruption of social bonds. Without fear, there would be less likelihood of displacing shame, that is, blaming others and expressing shame as anger towards others. The context adopted for empirically examining shame management in this study is workplace bullying. Bullying has become a dangerous phenomenon in our workplace that imposes significant costs on employers, employees, their families and industries as a whole (Einarsen et al., 2003a). Teachers belong to a professional group that is reputed to be seriously affected by bullying at work. Teachers from Australia and Korea completed self-report questionnaires anonymously. Three shame management styles were identified: shame acknowledgement, shame displacement and (shame) withdrawal. The likely strengths of these shame management styles were investigated in terms of three factors postulated as contributions to institutional safe space: that is, 1) cultural value orientations, 2) the salience of workgroup identity, and 3) problem resolution practices at work. The present thesis suggests that further consideration should be given to institutional interventions that support and maintain institutional safe space and that encourage shame acknowledgement, while dampening the adverse effect of defensive shame management. The evidence presented in this thesis is a first step in demonstrating that institutional safe space and shame management skills are empirically measurable, are relevant in other cultural contexts and address issues that are at the heart of the human condition everywhere........ [For the full Abstract, see the PDF files below]

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Shin, Hwayeon Helene. "Institutional safe space and shame management in workplace bullying /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Thesis Program, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20061114.142503/index.html.

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Sykes, Catherine Illman. "An Exploration of Registered Nurse Preparation for Safe Medication Management." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10262190.

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This descriptive study examined the perceptions of new graduate registered nurses (RNs) about medication error identification, causes, and reporting; as well as the nursing education and workplace orientation experiences they believed prepared them to safely manage medications. The study also explored how prelicensure RN nursing education and hospital orientation programs in North Carolina (NC) prepared nurses to manage medications safely. The theory of situated cognition provided the organizing framework. Data were collected from the three participant groups (new graduate RNs, schools of nursing, and hospitals) using online surveys, and respondents included 131 new graduate RNs, 35 schools of nursing, and 20 hospitals/hospital systems in NC.

Descriptive analyses of data from the modified Gladstone scale revealed that nurses were confident in their ability to identify and report a medication error, but inconsistently identified or reported errors when presented with medication management scenarios. Distinct differences were found between the content topics, teaching strategies, activities, and equipment used by nursing education and workplace orientation programs to teach or review medication management and what was identified as effective preparation experiences by new graduate RNs.

An opportunity for improvement in nurse preparation for safe medication management was identified based on the differences between nurse-reported effective experiences for safe medication management preparation and what is being provided by nursing education and orientation programs. Implementing teaching strategies students identified as effective, such as increasing interactive experiences, use of real-world case scenarios, and clinical problem-solving, into the classroom may create a better fit with current student learning styles and ultimately safer nursing care.

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Barrère, Cambrún Martín. "Vulnerability management for safe configurations in autonomic networks and systems." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0048/document.

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Le déploiement d'équipements informatiques à large échelle, sur les multiples infrastructures interconnectées de l'Internet, a eu un impact considérable sur la complexité de la tâche de gestion. L'informatique autonome permet de faire face à cet enjeu en spécifiant des objectifs de haut niveau et en déléguant les activités de gestion aux réseaux et systèmes eux-mêmes. Cependant, lorsque des changements sont opérés par les administrateurs ou par les équipements autonomes, des configurations vulnérables peuvent être involontairement introduites. Ces vulnérabilités offrent un point d'entrée pour des attaques de sécurité. À cet égard, les mécanismes de gestion des vulnérabilités sont essentiels pour assurer une configuration sûre de ces environnements. Cette thèse porte sur la conception et le développement de nouvelles méthodes et techniques pour la gestion des vulnérabilités dans les réseaux et systèmes autonomes, afin de leur permettre de détecter et de corriger leurs propres expositions aux failles de sécurité. Nous présenterons tout d'abord un état de l'art sur l'informatique autonome et la gestion de vulnérabilités. Nous décrirons ensuite notre approche d'intégration du processus de gestion des vulnérabilités dans ces environnements, et en détaillerons les différentes facettes, notamment : extension de l'approche dans le cas de vulnérabilités distribuées, prise en compte du facteur temps en considérant une historisation des paramètres de configuration, et application en environnements contraints en utilisant des techniques probabilistes. Nous présenterons également les prototypes et les résultats expérimentaux qui ont permis d'évaluer ces différentes contributions
Over the last years, the massive deployment of computing devices over disparate interconnected infrastructures has dramatically increased the complexity of network management. Autonomic computing has emerged as a novel paradigm to cope with this challenging reality. By specifying high-level objectives, autonomic computing aims at delegating management activities to the networks themselves. However, when changes are performed by administrators and self-governed entities, vulnerable configurations may be unknowingly introduced. Nowadays, vulnerabilities constitute the main entry point for security attacks. Therefore, vulnerability management mechanisms are vital to ensure safe configurations, and with them, the survivability of any autonomic environment. This thesis targets the design and development of novel autonomous mechanisms for dealing with vulnerabilities, in order to increase the security of autonomic networks and systems. We first present a comprehensive state of the art in autonomic computing and vulnerability management. Afterwards, we present our contributions which include autonomic assessment strategies for device-based vulnerabilities and extensions in several dimensions, namely, distributed vulnerabilities (spatial), past hidden vulnerable states (temporal), and mobile security assessment (technological). In addition, we present vulnerability remediation approaches able to autonomously bring networks and systems into secure states. The scientific approaches presented in this thesis have been largely validated by an extensive set of experiments which are also discussed in this manuscript

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Björklund, Olof. "KeySafe The platform-independent password safe with external security." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-246213.

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Storing and accessing sensitive data has become an important task in today’s society. Many different services require login credentials for users to remember in order to authenticate themselves. A common habit is to use the same password for several services. This is considered a security risk since if someone uncovers the user’s password they will gain access to all of the different accounts using the same password. Hence users are encouraged to use different login credentials for different services, resulting in an increasingly large list of sensitive data the user needs to remember. KeySafe provides a password storage service which makes all your digital keys available with the use of physical one. In this project, a platform independent service has been created with an Android application which implements external authentication using NFC tags. Using Google App Engine with the Endpoints API backend the service becomes available to a range of different devices such as iPhone, PC, Tablet or Mac. This resulted in a flexible, secure system that makes it an easy task to use strong and independent passwords for different login-services. All data stored by the application is encrypted using the AES encryption cipher and the AES key needed for decryption is stored on the external NFC tag.

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Ashcraft, Adrienne D. D. "Keeping the Tree Care Industry Safe when Management is not Present." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1619089448849247.

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Довга, Любов Вікторівна, Любовь Викторовна Довга, and Liubov Viktorivna Dovha. "Current trends and management features of the regions ecologicaly safe development." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45312.

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The current state of the environment, without exception, all regions of Ukraine is characterized by accelerated industrial growth, deterioration of the natural environment, rapid consumption of resources reproducible excess capacity of natural systems of the Earth, lack of financial resources and a relatively small set of methods of financing ecologically events. That is why the analysis of international experience of economics incentives construction is necessary for ecologically activities.

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Hýža, David. "Stock market panics, safe havens and implications for the portfolio management." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199200.

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The thesis addresses the instabilities in stock markets in the USA. There are many factors that may increase the price volatility, or even cause a panic. During these turbulent times investors can seek shelter in investment safe havens that allow protecting their portfolio against significant financial losses. The focus is put on identifying the situations where it is appropriate to use the safe havens and how to properly time all transactions. Historical insight, events study and investigating economic cycles are the integral part of the work.

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Carstens, Hendrik Andries. "The management of a safe and cost effective conscious sedation unit." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5276.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Conscious sedation or moderate sedation and analgesia is an effective and popular alternative option for procedures outside the operating theater. If conscious sedation is a viable alternative to general anaesthesia then we as sedation practitioners must use safe sedation techniques in facilities that meet all the requirements for safe practice. Three studies were done to determine the safety and efficacy of conscious sedation outside the operating theatre. In the first study post sedation satisfaction in one hundred children aged 3-9 years was evaluated. It was extremely important to determine whether the combination of midazolam, ketamine and propofol, called an advanced sedation technique (SASA, 2015), can be safely used for paediatric sedation outside the operating theatre. The incidence of side-effects after conscious sedation using multiple drugs were documented. It is clear that intravenous sedation with midazolam, ketamine and propofol is safe and effective to use. There may be side effects but they are not long lasting and usually not life-threatening. In the second study intravenous sedation was administered to 447 adults (aged 18 years and older) using fentanyl (sublimazeR), ketamine (ketalar), midazolam (dormicum) and propofol (Diprivan) (FKMP) called an advanced sedation technique. Post sedation satisfaction, post sedation recovery on arrival home, and the relationship between side effects and different dental procedures were evaluated. The results of the study show that side effects are possible, and can be expected, when we use sedative and analgesic drugs for sedation. However, we report a low incidence of side effects when we compare it with other studies in literature as mentioned. It is known that the use of combinations of drugs may cause unforeseen synergistic pharmacological effects which can be lifethreatening. Our results show that the drugs used can be safely used for advanced sedation techniques. In trying to demonstrate the safety of sedative and analgesic agents used during sedation we looked at the haemodynamic parameters, duration of sedation, pulse rate and systolic blood pressure, in the third study. The sedation records of 335 patients for dental surgery were assessed for the period 2010 – 2011. Our results show the mean Duration of sedation is substantially and statistically significantly greater with combination FKMP than with the other combinations. The mean duration of sedation is not significantly different between ketamine and propofol (KP) and fentanyl, ketamine and propofol (FKP) (Figure 10). The use of polypharmacy regarding the combination of drugs, specifically FKMP, will cause a longer duration of sedation. This has implications for safety, as well as the side effect profile during and after sedation. When we use combinations of drugs patients were more comfortable which shows that we do not yet have a single drug that has all the characteristics of an ideal drug for sedation. Different combinations of drugs are used by other practitioners with a higher incidence of side effects. It is difficult to explain the higher values of blood pressures when all four drugs were used. It may have been a ketamine effect, although one would not expect this when using propofol with ketamine. In clinical terms the higher blood pressures are no reason for concern as all our patients were classified as ASA I and II. Our research study support the view that ketamine can be used safely outside the operating theatre with exciting possibilities for Third World countries for procedures outside the operating theatre. Sedation can be considered a reasonable alternative to general anaesthesia for certain surgical procedures in the Third World. Sedation will be an attractive option not only as far as costs are involved but also the availability of sedation providers. The important lesson from all the results is that sedation providers must be trained in procedural sedation as defined by all international sedation guidelines. We proved in this research study that sedation can be done safely, however we need to make a contribution to train sedation providers. Sedation will become an attractive alternative to general anaesthesia because of the low side-effect profile and high patient satisfaction. It is interesting that few studies are available that looked at this aspect of sedation. It is clear that a high side-effect profile can contribute to an unsafe sedation technique. Severe nausea and vomiting can cause numerous haemodynamic disturbances and dehydration. Our research study support the findings of the study by Lapere et al., (2015) that there is a high rate of patient satisfaction, and a low side-effect profile during and after sedation. This is an extremely important research study and the results are crucial as far as an option for healthcare in developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa is a densely populated and resource poor subcontinent that provides unique challenges in patient care. These challenges include a lack of facilities and staff for the performance of operative as well as non-operative procedures. In conclusion, we feel that we are part of Sub-Saharan Africa with all the problems mentioned as far as provision of healthcare is concerned. This research study can make a crucial contribution to safe and cost-effective management of healthcare in Africa for procedures outside the operating theatre.

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Owens, Georgann E. "Psychiatric Medical Care and Safe Housing for Mentally ill Homeless." Thesis, Walden University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13808549.

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Due to the deinstitutionalization movement, many mentally ill individuals have left asylum treatment centers and have had no safe housing. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to explore the attitudes and opinions of homeless, mentally ill people regarding the community resources they consume and how they perceive and navigate those resources. The research questions focused on homeless, mentally ill individuals' shared experiences accessing health care, psychiatric care, and housing services as well as, barriers that impacted homeless, mentally ill individuals' use of these services, and their needs to address these barriers. Data were collected using face to face, semi structured interviews with 12 homeless individuals. The thematic analysis consisted of open and axial coding. Axial coding was used to assign and like categories and subcategories of codes according to their properties and dimensions. Emergent patterns were identified from the data to explain the lived experiences of mentally ill homeless people and their opinion and attitudes towards navigating of mentally ill homeless programs. The responses expressed the needs that were unmet: lack of mental health assistance, food needs, hygiene needs, safety concerns and survival needs. In order to make positive social change outreach predicated on increasing clear communication between outreach workers and the homeless mentally ill allows for developing a trusting relationship necessary in establishing contact and credibility in providing on going impactful treatment for the homeless mentally ill population.

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Jooste, Kritzman Phillip. "A load management system for fixed appliances in a safe DC RDP house." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2634.

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Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
This dissertation represents the design and development of a load management system for fixed appliances in a safe direct current (DC) Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) house. A combination of valley filling, load shifting and peak clipping load management techniques were employed to assist in reducing the peaks observed in the RDP house load profile during peak hours. A DC RDP house laboratory model was developed. The study is based on the assumption that the normally 220 V alternative current (AC) grid is replaced by a 350 V DC grid. The assumption is thus that 350 V DC is available at the distribution box in the RDP house laboratory model. All theoretical work was based on a 350 V DC system, but due to the lack of a laboratory 350 V DC supply, all physical tests were conducted by making use of a 300 V DC supply which was available. Consequently all calculations were thus based on 300 V DC as well. The geyser was the main fixed appliance focused on since it contributes to a significant portion of the power used. An AC geyser was successfully modified in order to be used in the DC network. Safety of the system was considered in order to interrupt the power in case of overcurrent or to isolate the power. Electronic switches were also developed and implemented to ensure that the DC power could be safely switched on and off and that the low power DC was isolated from the high power DC. LabVIEW allowed all other appliances in the DC RDP house to be virtually represented so that a holistic view of the power use of the house could be represented. This also allowed the system to be successfully simulated before any physical work was conducted. The load management system was successfully implemented by making use of power line communication. This proved to be a cost effective means to apply the load management algorithm. The algorithm consisted mainly of power on / off instructions that were executed during peak and off-peak times. It follows the normal use of timers used in the AC system to help reduce demand. It was found that the load management system successfully reduced the demand during peak hours without compromising the basic needs of the user. The power line communication modem proved to be very reliable in implementing the load management algorithm.

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Purbashree, Sarmah. "Mechanical and leaching characterization of inert waste landfills for safe and sustainable management." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259083.

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Wetzel, Eric Michael. "The Use of a BIM-Based Framework to Support Safe Facility Management Processes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73414.

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According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, 293 people lost their life from 2008-2012 in the field of Facility Management (FM). In that same timeframe, private employers recorded 98,420 cases of occupational injuries and illness, with 26,190 cases requiring a minimum of 31 days away from work. Workers in this field are at constant risk of electrical shock, falls, crushing, cuts, and bruises and as a result, have a much higher rate of injury and illness than the national average. Case study analysis confirms that many of the recorded accidents could have been avoided had the victim followed appropriate hazard mitigation steps to safely execute a facility repair and maintenance task, defined in this research as safety protocol. Currently, safety related information is conveyed to FM staff through training seminars, OandM manuals, plans and specifications, database storage, safety meetings, and safety literature. This information, although comprehensive, often remains fragmented among multiple resources and is left up to the worker's discretion whether the information is relevant. Research has shown that the more time and effort, known as inconvenience, an individual must spend obtaining information, the less likely they are to retrieve the information and obey the stated warnings. This research focuses on the identification, categorization, transference, and delivery of safety related information applicable to facility management staff. This is executed by, obtaining safety inputs through various mechanisms of data collection, categorizing the safety inputs, transferring the information utilizing existing BIM-based software and research methods into a data storage repository, and designing a data retrieval and processing system (DRPS), integrated into the repository to interact with the data. The DRPS adds structure and relationships through a UML Class Diagram and Sequence Diagram. Additionally, standardized safety properties are developed for asset groups using the Asset Safety Identification Tool (ASIT). Finally, a conceptual graphical user interface (GUI) is developed to represent the interaction between the DRPS and the FM Worker. By combining the DRPS with a GUI, a FM worker can efficiently interact with a singular repository for safety information, eliminating the need to reference multiple resources in order to obtain comprehensive safety information. The goal of this research is to mitigate the fragmentation and timing inefficiencies within safety related information retrieval by developing a BIM-based framework to categorize, consolidate, and deliver job specific safety information, eliminating the need to reference multiple documents in order to develop a comprehensive, task specific safety plan.
Ph. D.

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Leslie, Rebekah. "A Functional Approach to Memory-Safe Operating Systems." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/499.

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Purely functional languages--with static type systems and dynamic memory management using garbage collection--are a known tool for helping programmers to reduce the number of memory errors in programs. By using such languages, we can establish correctness properties relating to memory-safety through our choice of implementation language alone. Unfortunately, the language characteristics that make purely functional languages safe also make them more difficult to apply in a low-level domain like operating systems construction. The low-level features that support the kinds of hardware manipulations required by operating systems are not typically available in memory-safe languages with garbage collection. Those that are provided may have the ability to violate memory- and type-safety, destroying the guarantees that motivate using such languages in the first place. This work demonstrates that it is possible to bridge the gap between the requirements of operating system implementations and the features of purely functional languages without sacrificing type- and memory-safety. In particular, we show that this can be achieved by isolating the potentially unsafe memory operations required by operating systems in an abstraction layer that is well integrated with a purely functional language. The salient features of this abstraction layer are that the operations it exposes are memory-safe and yet sufficiently expressive to support the implementation of realistic operating systems. The abstraction layer enables systems programmers to perform all of the low-level tasks necessary in an OS implementation, such as manipulating an MMU and executing user-level programs, without compromising the static memory-safety guarantees of programming in a purely functional language. A specific contribution of this work is an analysis of memory-safety for the abstraction layer by formalizing a meaning for memory-safety in the presence of virtual-memory using a novel application of noninterference security policies. In addition, we evaluate the expressiveness of the abstraction layer by implementing the L4 microkernel API, which has a flexible set of virtual memory management operations.

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Schlegelmilch, Barret William. "A framework for safe system design in space launch vehicles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117986.

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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2018.
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 65).
A hazard analysis for the test firing of NASA's Space Launch System core stage is performed using a systems-based alternative to the traditional reliability-based method. The method used, Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA), is shown to be a versatile and powerful tool in this application and by extension the development of future space launch vehicles. The Boeing Company has been selected by NASA as the prime contractor for the Space Launch System (SLS) cryogenic stages. As such, they are working with NASA to develop a comprehensive hazard analysis for core stage test firing and eventual launch operations. Developing, testing, and launching rockets is an inherently complex and high risk endeavor. Preceding the launch itself, one of the highest risk times in the operation of a rocket is the static fire testing, also called a hot fire. Hundreds of parameters need to be monitored in real time in order to ensure the system is operating nominally and equipment damage (and possible injury or death) will not occur. Depending on the point of the testing and the resultant speed at which events are occurring, different levels of automatic safing conditions and operator actions are required to protect the vehicle. Traditionally, the way these safing conditions are derived is through the evaluation of hazard reports, which are themselves based on a "reliability" model: hazards are seen to arise from the failure of individual components and are thus primarily mitigated through increasing component reliability or adding in redundancy. With the level of complexity and required safety of today's launch systems, it is beneficial to evaluate a new approach to identifying the underlying hazards in a system, including ones that arise from unsafe component interactions and not simply failures
by Barret William Schlegelmilch.
M.B.A.
S.M.

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Koskela, Niklas, and Carolina Aspfjäll. "Agile Risk Management." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44975.

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This thesis was done in collaboration with Volvo Cars to inspect their risk management process in light of their recent change to an agile way of working. The question was if their actual risk management differentiates from their directive and if the company could in any way improve their agile risk management. By having qualitative semi-structured interviews with employees in the IT section of the company, we got the picture that not many knew about the IT Risk Management Directive that explains the process, but they are still working within its guidelines. Other sections of the company that is still working traditionally might also benefit from changing to an agile way. However, that would depend on the size of their projects and what kind of work they do since the agile methodology is more turned towards smaller projects that can change direction quickly.

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Joseph, Mackington. "Transformational Leadership and Safe Driving Performance in the U.S. Electric Utility Industry." Thesis, Walden University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3685944.

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Transformational leadership (TL) has been found popular in many industries in the United States and abroad for the perceived transformational leaders' effectiveness in improving occupational safety. There is a lack of empirical evidence to confirm these claims for safe occupational driving. This phenomenological study attempted to fill this knowledge gap in the electric utility industry where employees must drive in all weather conditions to restore power to customers. The conceptual framework for the study was based on leadership and motivation theories of Burns and Maslow. The research questions explored the influence of (a) TL on safe driving performance improvement in organizations and (b) emotional intelligence (EI) on leaders' efficiency to improve safe driving performance in organizations. These questions were addressed using a 14-item in-depth, open-ended interview questionnaire by a convenience sample of 18 management and 12 union-represented personnel drawn from 5 U.S. electric utility companies using the snowball method. Data were analyzed using NVivo 10 software and were interpreted using the methodological framework of Leedy and Ormrod, and Maxwell. The findings suggested that (a) TL influenced safe driving performance through these leaders' idealized influence, inspirational motivation, and intellectual stimulation; and (b) EI ineffectively and unreliably influenced safe driving improvement, but it improved organizational trust through the leaders' empathy and drivers' empowerment. Individualized consideration, while acknowledged as desirable, was least important and was widely lacking. The implications for positive social change include promoting TL style in other industries, raising employees' commitment and contribution to safe driving performance improvement, and improving organizational trust as well as public safety.

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Mohan, Naveen. "Architecting Safe Automated Driving with Legacy Platforms." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mekatronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223687.

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Modern vehicles have electrical architectures whose complexity grows year after year due to feature growth corresponding to customer expectations. The latest of the expectations, automation of the dynamic driving task however, is poised to bring about some of the largest changes seen so far. In one fell swoop, not only does required functionality for automated driving drastically increase the system complexity, it also removes the fall-back of the human driver who is usually relied upon to handle unanticipated failures after the fact. The need to architect thus requires a greater rigour than ever before, to maintain the level of safety that has been associated with the automotive industry. The work that is part of this thesis has been conducted, in close collaboration with our industrial partner Scania CV AB, within the Vinnova FFI funded project ARCHER. This thesis aims to provide a methodology for architecting during the concept phase of development, using industrial practices and principles including those from safety standards such as ISO 26262. The main contributions of the thesis are in two areas. The first area i.e. Part A contributes, (i) an analysis of the challenges of architecting automated driving, and serves as a motivation for the approach taken in the rest of this thesis, i.e. Part B where the contributions include, (ii) a definition of a viewpoint for functional safety according to the definitions of ISO 42010, (iii) a method to systematically extract information from legacy components and (iv) a process to use legacy information and architect in the presence of uncertainty to provide a work product, the Preliminary Architectural Assumptions (PAA), as required by ISO 26262. The contributions of Part B together comprise a methodology to architect the PAA. A significant challenge in working with the industry is finding the right fit between idealized principles and practical utility. The methodology in Part B has been judged fit for purpose by different parts of the organization at Scania and multiple case studies have been conducted to assess its usefulness in collaboration with senior architects. The methodology was found to be conducive in both, generating the PAA of a quality that was deemed suitable to the organization and, to find inadequacies in the architecture that had not been found earlier using the previous non-systematic methods. The benefits have led to a commissioning of a prototype tool to support the methodology that has begun to be used in projects related to automation at Scania. The methodology will be refined as the projects progress towards completion using the experiences gained. A further impact of the work is seen in two patent filings that have originated from work on the case studies in Part B. Emanating from needs discovered during the application of the methods, these filed patents (with no prior publications) outline the future directions of research into reference architectures augmented with safety policies, that are safe in the presence of detectable faults and failures. To aid verification of these ideas, work has begun on identifying critical scenarios and their elements in automated driving, and a flexible simulation platform is being designed and developed at KTH to test the chosen critical scenarios.
Efterfrågan på nya funktioner leder till en ständigt ökande komplexitet i moderna fordon, speciellt i de inbyggda datorsystemen. Införande av autonoma fordon utgör inte bara det mest aktuella exemplet på detta, utan medför också en av de största förändringar som fordonsbranschen sett. Föraren, som ”back-up” för att hantera oväntade situationer och fel, finns inte längre där vid höggradig automation, och motsvarande funktioner måste realiseras i de inbyggda system vilket ger en drastisk komplexitetsökning. Detta ställer systemarkitekter för stora utmaningar för att se till att nuvarande nivå av funktionssäkerhet bibehålls. Detta forskningsarbete har utförts i nära samarbete med Scania CV AB i det Vinnova (FFI)-finansierade projektet ARCHER. Denna licentiatavhandling har som mål att ta fram en metodik för konceptutveckling av arkitekturer, förankrat i industriell praxis och principer, omfattande bl.a. de som beskrivs i funktionssäkerhetsstandards som ISO 26262. Avhandlingen presenterar resultat inom två områden. Det första området, del A, redovisar, (i) en analys av utmaningar inom arkitekturutveckling för autonoma fordon, vilket också ger en motivering för resterande del av avhandlingen. Det andra området, del B, redovisar, (ii) en definition av en ”perspektivmodell” (en s.k. ”viewpoint” enligt ISO 42010) för funktionssäkerhet, (iii) en metod för att systematiskt utvinna information från existerande komponenter, och (iv) en process som tar fram en arbetsprodukt för ISO 26262 – Preliminära Arkitektur-Antaganden (PAA). Denna process använder sig av information från existerande komponenter – resultat (iii) och förenklar hantering av avsaknad/osäker information under arkitekturarbetet. Resultaten från del B utgör tillsammans en metodik för att ta fram en PAA. En utmaning i forskning är att finna en balans mellan idealisering och praktisk tillämpbarhet. Metodiken i del B har utvärderats i flertalet industriella fallstudier på Scania i samverkan med seniora arkitekter från industrin, och har av dessa bedömts som relevant och praktiskt tillämpningsbar. Erfarenheterna visar att metodiken stödjer framtagandet av PAA’s av lämplig kvalitet och ger ett systematiskt sätt att hantera osäkerhet under arkitekturutvecklingen. Specifikt så gjorde metoden det möjligt att identifiera komponent-felmoder där arkitekturen inte var tillräcklig för åstadkomma önskad riskreducering, begränsningar som inte hade upptäckts med tidigare metoder. Ett prototypverktyg för att stödja metodiken har utvecklats och börjat användas på Scania i projekt relaterade till autonoma fordon. Metodiken kommer sannolikt att kunna förfinas ytterligare när dessa projekt går mot sitt slut och mer erfarenheter finns tillgängliga. Arbetet i del B har vidare lett till två patentansökningar avseende koncept som framkommit genom fallstudierna. Dessa koncept relaterar till referensarkitekturer som utökats med policies för personsäkerhet (Eng. ”safety”) för att hantera detekterbara felfall, och pekar ut en riktning för framtida forskning. För att stödja verifiering av dessa koncept har arbete inletts för att identifiera kritiska scenarios för autonom körning. En flexibel simuleringsplattform håller också på att designas för att kunna testa kritiska scenarios.
Vinnova-FFI funded Project ARCHER

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Molander, Linda. "Chemicals in consumer products : Towards a safe and sustainable use." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104826.

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Health and environmental risks associated with emissions of hazardous chemicals from articles, including everyday consumer products such as clothes and toys, have become widely acknowledged internationally, particularly in the EU. This thesis contributes to new understandings of how these risks are currently managed within the EU and recommends actions for ensuring a safe and sustainable use of chemicals in articles. Paper I provides an overview and comparative analysis of regulatory strategies for managing risks of chemicals in articles in the EU. The in-depth analysis, which is focused on the Toys Safety Directive, the RoHS Directive, and REACH, shows that the legislations differ significantly. Differences include e.g. what criteria are used for the selection of substances to be targeted for regulation, and the kind of requirements and restrictions applied to the selected substances. It is concluded that product-specific directives are important complements to REACH in order to ensure a safe use of chemicals in articles. Paper II evaluates to what extent the regulation of chemicals in articles under REACH is coherent with the rules concerning chemicals in the Sewage Sludge Directive (SSD) and the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The results show that the majority of the chemicals that are prioritized for phase-out under the WFD or for concentration restrictions in sludge and soil under the SSD are allowed to be used in articles according to REACH. In order to avoid end-of-pipe problems and to increase resource efficiency, it is argued that it is necessary to minimize the input of chemicals identified as hazardous to health or the environment into articles. Paper III aims to clarify what the substitution principle means and how it can reasonably be applied as part of chemical policies. A general definition is proposed that gives equal weight to hazard, functionality and economical considerations, while at the same time recognizing that the aim of the substitution principle is to reduce hazards to human health and the environment. This paper also summarizes major methods to promote and implement the principle, discusses legislative approaches with regard to their ability to promote substitution of hazardous chemicals, and makes proposals for an efficient implementation of the principle.

QC 20121119

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Gustavsson, Anna, and Maria Sundström. "Utvärdering av utbildningen Kommunbaserat säkerhetsarbete : Evaluation of the course in municipal risk management, Safe Community." Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Social Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-844.

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Nyckelord:

Riskhantering, samhällssäkerhet

Lag om skydd mot olyckor

Säker och trygg kommun

Utvärdering

Intervjumetod

Hälsofrämjande vs skadeprevention

Styrkor hos utbildningen Kommunbaserat säkerhetsarbete

Vi kan ändå vara säkra på vår sak när vi drar slutsatsen att i det stora hela har det uppfattats som en bra utbildning med stora kvalitéer. Med en blick framåt tror vi att den här typen av utbildning kommer att ges fortsättningsvis och att den kommer att utvecklas i takt med nya erfarenheter och ändringar i lagstiftning och samhällsstruktur. Om man ska lyfta fram den främsta styrkan i utbildningen, är det möjligheten att kunna påverka innehållet när det gäller valet av studieobjekt i projektarbetet. Även enkelheten och den basala nivån i metoderna har framträtt som ett ”vinnande koncept” av den anledningen att det har gått att direkt implementera och anpassa metodiken ute i verksamheterna.

Förväntningarna på utbildningens användbarhet motsvarades för att man fick metoder och systematiska verktyg att börja jobba med. Mönster som har framträtt i intervjuerna är att upplägget av momenten har varit som en stege, med naturlig ordningsföljd. Det som man lärde sig i början gav förståelse för det som följde i kommande steg.

Sammansättningen av deltagarna är också till utbildningens fördel, både när det gäller personerna och vilka deras yrkesområden är, samt kommunsammansättningen. Det har setts som en bra och givande sammansättning att det har varit personer med från både politiska poster, chefer, tjänstemän samt från polis- respektive räddningstjänst. Flertalet av deltagarna fick med sig en mer nyanserad bild av andras yrkesroller än vad de hade innan kursen.

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Ibrahim, Shire Mohammed. "Participatory system dynamics modelling approach to safe and efficient staffing level management within hospital pharmacies." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34790.

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With increasingly complex safety-critical systems like healthcare being developed and managed, there is a need for a tool that allows us to understand their complexity, design better strategies and guide effective change. System dynamics (SD) has been widely used in modelling across a range of applications from socio-economic to engineering systems, but its potential has not yet been fully realised as a tool for understanding trade-off dynamics between safety and efficiency in healthcare. SD has the potential to provide balanced and trustworthy insights into strategic decision making. Participatory SD modelling and learning is particularly important in healthcare since problems in healthcare are difficult to comprehend due to complexity, involvement of multiple stakeholders in decision making and fragmented structure of delivery systems. Participatory SD modelling triangulates stakeholder expertise, data and simulation of implementation plans prior to attempting change. It provides decision-makers with an evaluation and learning tool to analyse impacts of changes and determine which input data is most likely to achieve desired outcomes. This thesis aims to examine the feasibility of applying participatory SD modelling approach to safe and efficient staffing level management within hospital pharmacies and to evaluate the utility and usability of participatory SD modelling approach as a learning method. A case study was conducted looking at trade-offs between dispensing backlog (efficiency) and dispensing errors (safety) in a hospital pharmacy dispensary in an English teaching hospital. A participatory modelling approach was employed where the stakeholders from the hospital pharmacy dispensary were engaged in developing an integrated qualitative conceptual model. The model was constructed using focus group sessions with 16 practitioners consisting of labelling and checking practitioners, the literature and hospital pharmacy databases. Based on the conceptual model, a formal quantitative simulation model was then developed using an SD simulation approach, allowing different scenarios and strategies to be identified and tested. Besides the baseline or business as usual scenario, two additional scenarios (hospital winter pressures and various staffing arrangements, interruptions and fatigue) identified by the pharmacist team were simulated and tested using a custom simulation platform (Forio: user-friendly GUI) to enable stakeholders to play out the likely consequences of the intervention scenarios. We carried out focus group-based survey of 21 participants working in the hospital pharmacy dispensaries to evaluate the applicability, utility and usability of how participatory SD enhanced group learning and building of shared vision for problems within the hospital dispensaries. Findings from the simulation illustrate the knock-on impact rework has on dispensing errors, which is often missing from the traditional linear model-based approaches. This potentially downward-spiral knock-on effect makes it more challenging to deal with demand variability, for example, due to hospital winter pressures. The results provide pharmacy management in-depth insights into potential downward-spiral knock-on effects of high workload and potential challenges in dealing with demand variability. Results and simulated scenarios reveal that it is better to have a fixed adequate staff number throughout the day to keep backlog and dispensing errors to a minimum than calling additional staff to combat growing backlog; and that whilst having a significant amount of trainees might be cost efficient, it has a detrimental effect on dispensing errors (safety) as number of rework done to correct the errors increases and contributes to the growing backlog. Finally, capacity depletion initiated by high workload (over 85% of total workload), even in short bursts, has a significant effect on the amount of rework. Evaluative feedback revealed that participatory SD modelling can help support consensus agreement, thus gaining a deeper understanding of the complex interactions in the systems they strive to manage. The model introduced an intervention to pharmacy management by changing their mental models on how hospital winter pressures, various staffing arrangements, interruptions and fatigue affect productivity and safety. Although the outcome of the process is the model as an artefact, we concluded that the main benefit is the significant mental model change on how hospital winter pressures, various staffing arrangements, interruptions and fatigue are interconnected, as derived from participants involvement and their interactions with the GUI scenarios. The research contributes to the advancement of participatory SD modelling approach within healthcare by evaluating its utility and usability as a learning method, which until recently, has been dominated by the linear reductionist approaches. Methodologically, this is one of the few studies to apply participatory SD approach as a modelling tool for understanding trade-offs dynamics between safety and efficiency in healthcare. Practically, this research provides stakeholders and managers, from pharmacists to managers the decision support tools in the form of a GUI-based platform showcasing the integrated conceptual and simulation model for staffing level management in hospital pharmacy.

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Oza, Pratham Rajan. "A Real-Time Server Based Approach for Safe and Timely Intersection Crossings." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89670.

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Safe and efficient traffic control remains a challenging task with the continued increase in the number of vehicles, especially in urban areas. This manuscript focuses on traffic control at intersections, since urban roads with closely spaced intersections are often prone to queue spillbacks, which disrupt traffic flows across the entire network and increase congestion. While various intelligent traffic control solutions exist for autonomous systems, they are not applicable to or ineffective against human-operated vehicles or mixed traffic. On the other hand, existing approaches to manage intersections with human-operated vehicles, cannot adequately adjust to dynamic traffic conditions. This manuscript presents a technology-agnostic adaptive real-time server based approach to dynamically determine signal timings at an intersection based on changing traffic conditions and queue lengths (i.e., wait times) to minimize, if not eliminate, spillbacks without unnecessarily increasing delays associated with intersection crossings. We also provide timeliness guarantee bounds by analyzing the travel time delays, hence making our approach more dependable and predictable. The proposed approach was validated in simulations and on a realistic hardware testbed with robots mimicking human driving behaviors. Compared to the pre-timed traffic control and an adaptive scheduling based traffic control, our algorithm is able to avoid spillbacks under highly dynamic traffic conditions and improve the average crossing delay in most cases by 10--50 %.
Master of Science
Safe and efficient traffic control remains a challenging task with the continued increase in the number of vehicles, especially in urban areas. This manuscript focuses on traffic control at intersections, since urban roads with closely spaced intersections are often prone to congestion that blocks other intersection upstream, which disrupt traffic flows across the entire network. While various intelligent traffic control solutions exist for autonomous systems, they are not applicable to or ineffective against human-operated vehicles or mixed traffic. On the other hand, existing approaches to manage intersections with human-operated vehicles, cannot adequately adjust to dynamic traffic conditions. This work presents a technologyagnostic adaptive approach to dynamically determine signal timings at an intersection based on changing traffic conditions and queue lengths (i.e., wait times) to minimize, if not eliminate, spillbacks without unnecessarily increasing delays associated with intersection crossings. We also provide theoretical bounds to guarantee the performance of our approach in terms of the travel delays that may incur on the vehicles in the system, hence making our approach more dependable and predictable. The proposed approach was validated in simulations and on a realistic hardware testbed which uses robots to mimic human driving behaviour in an urban environment. Comparisons with widely deployed and state-of-the-art traffic control techniques show that our approach is able to minimize spillbacks as well as improve on the average crossing delay in most cases.

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Eduful, Michael K. "Access to Safe Water Supply: Management of Catchment for the Protection of Source Water in Ghana." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7501.

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This study investigates provisions made within institutional and regulatory frameworks of water resources management to enhance multi-stakeholder relationships and the challenges of maintaining those relationships, and implications of water resources management for rural communities in the Densu River basin, Ghana. The primary objectives of this study were four fold, these are to: i) review the existing regulatory framework and how it promotes or hinders multi-stakeholder relationships within the catchment area; ii) examine multi-stakeholder relationships to identify challenges in promoting effective collaboration in water resources management; iii) explore the impacts of catchment management on the livelihoods of rural communities; and iv) generate a model that best or appropriately conceptualizes relationship mechanisms within the framework of water governance. The study employed a mixed methods approach which included data collected through reviewing regulatory and policy documents, key informant interviews, observation, and a household survey of 327 respondents. The results indicate that provisions are made within the existing institutional and regulatory framework to foster multi-stakeholder inter-relationships in the water resources management in the Densu River basin. The management of the Densu River basin is guided by a number of regulatory mechanisms that are scattered within different institutions. The regulatory mechanisms are seen as the instruments for building and maintaining multi-stakeholder relationships, but some have become a source of conflict among stakeholders, posing threats to water resources management in the Densu basin. The findings show that several issues hinder effective multi-stakeholder inter-relationships in water resources management in the Densu River basin. These issues include colonial legacies embedded within institutions, institutional challenges, and political processes. Despite the adoption of integrated water resources management (IWRM) some institutions still hold on to the old water resources management arrangements instituted during the colonial era, creating challenges for effective institutional collaboration. Additionally, institutional challenges such as limited financial and human resources, corruption, high attrition rate, and lack of integration of projects and programs are also threatening multi-stakeholder inter-relationships. The political processes at the district assemblies that determine representatives on the Densu Basin Board were also identified as posing significant threat to building effective multi-stakeholder inter-relationship for water resources management in the Densu River basin. The findings further indicate that a number of uncoordinated catchment management strategies such as restrictions on farming areas, bans on illegal mining and logging, and others strategies have been instituted in the upper Densu basin to prevent degradation of the river. However, these strategies are having significant socioeconomic impacts on the local communities. A majority of residents are aware and comply with the enforcement of the strategies, but some are quite reluctant to adhere to them because of increasing economic hardships. This situation threatens the successful implementation of the strategies and the overall protection of the river. Other residents, however, have adopted alternative strategies (expanding petty trading, farming improvement, multiple jobs and others) to cope with the increasing economic hardships as a result of the enforcement of the catchment management strategies by the government.

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Vambe, Debrah. "A study of KAP of circumcirsed men towards safe sex in Manakayabe District in Swaziland." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79956.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: World Health Organisation (WHO) and UNAIDS named male circumcision as a key intervention in halting the spread of HIV in Africa. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa with low levels of male circumcision (MC) and high HIV prevalence are scaling up MC services, Swaziland being one of them. Despite the circumcisions done in Swaziland it seems there is no significant decrease in HIV prevalence which might be due to various reasons. One of the reasons noted was the behaviour of men after circumcision because of the belief of total of immunity. This has led to an increase in high risk behaviour, increased promiscuity, multiple partners, more unsafe sex and failure to use condoms, thereby defeating the own stated purpose. Objectives: 1) To identify the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of circumcised men towards safe sex. 2) To establish the existing knowledge of the relationship between circumcision and HIV prevention. 3) To establish whether men in Swaziland take part in riskier sexual behaviour after or before being circumcised. 4) To make recommendations for the counseling programme. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study whereby both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection was used. Simple random sampling was used to select circumcised men from Mankayane hospital, Mankayane and Holy Rosary high schools and a total of 90(60 adults and 30 teenagers) filled in self- administered questionnaires and also took part in focus group discussions. Purposive sampling was used to choose the MC Counsellors and in-depth interviews were done to complement the information on knowledge, attitudes and practices of men towards safe sex before, during and after circumcision. An observation checklist was also used to check what they included in their counselling sessions. Results: The responses solicited from the men who participated in this study show that there is basic knowledge with regards to safe sex and the value of MC in the prevention of HIV. The pattern in the data however shows that those that were the most recent to undergo medical circumcision had the most varied opinions on the extent to which MC protect one from HIV. There was mixed attitude towards safe sex after circumcision, some wanting to maximise their satisfaction without using protection. The data also points to a pattern were the men have a high relationship turnover and this was more discernible among the teenagers who suggest that the relationships are not built on commitment but possible experimentation. While the study did not have control that tracked uncircumcised men for comparative purposes, the findings point to inconsistent use of condoms among men which heightens the risk of HIV transmission. The results point to a well-structured programme of counseling followed by MC counselors. Conclusion: The study was able to satisfy the aim and objectives. The research process was designed to collect the necessary data and be analysed in a manner that answered the research question. The research target population and subsequent sample represented the geographical scope of the study. The research tools were designed to be easy for the respondents to use. The distribution and collection method was designed to give the respondents less hassle as possible. This had a positive impact on the response rate, which increased the validity of the data collected. Both the literature review and primary research findings affirm that MC without behaviour change is not the panacea for prevention of HIV.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie (WGO) en UNAIDS het manlike besnydenis as ’n belangrike intervensie uitgewys om die verspreiding van MIV in Afrika te stuit. Verskeie lande in Afrika suid van die Sahara met lae vlakke van manlike besnydenis (MB) en hoë vlakke van MIV is tans besig om MB-dienste uit te brei, en Swaziland is geen uitsondering nie. Ondanks die besnydenis wat in Swaziland gedoen word, blyk daar egter geen beduidende afname in MIV te wees nie. Dít kan aan verskillende redes toegeskryf word. Een daarvan is mans se gedrag ná besnyding vanweë hul oortuiging dat hul geheel en al immuun is. Dit het tot ’n toename in hoërisikogedrag, meer promiskuïteit, veelvuldige bedmaats, meer onveilige seks en ’n gebrek aan kondoomgebruik gelei, wat uiteraard die doel verydel. Oogmerke: 1) Om besnyde mans se kennis, houdings en praktyke met betrekking tot veilige seks te bepaal. 2) Om bestaande kennis oor die verband tussen besnydenis en MIV-voorkoming te bepaal. 3) Om vas te stel of mans in Swaziland voor of ná besnyding geneig is tot meer riskante seksuele gedrag. 4) Om aanbevelings te doen vir die MB-beradingsprogram. Metodologie: ’n Deursnee- analitiese studiebenadering met sowel kwalitatiewe as kwantitatiewe datainsamelingsmetodes is gevolg. Met behulp van eenvoudige ewekansige steekproefneming is mans van Mankayane-hospitaal en tienerseuns van Mankayane- en Holy Rosary-hoërskool gekies. Altesaam 90 respondente (60 volwassenes en 30 tieners) het vraelyste op hul eie ingevul en ook aan fokusgroepbesprekings deelgeneem. Doelbewuste steekproefneming is gebruik om ’n groep MB-beraders te kies, met wie daar diepteonderhoude gevoer is om die inligting oor mans se kennis, houdings en praktyke met betrekking tot veilige seks voor, gedurende en ná besnyding aan te vul. ’n Waarnemingskontrolelys is ook gebruik om af te merk wat die beraders by hul beradingsessies insluit. Resultate: Die antwoorde van die mans wat aan hierdie studie deelgeneem het, toon basiese kennis met betrekking tot veilige seks en die waarde van MB in die voorkoming van MIV. Die patroon in die data toon egter dat diegene wat mees onlangs mediese besnydenis ondergaan het, die mees uiteenlopende menings het oor die mate waarin MB jou teen MIV beskerm. Daar is ’n gemengde houding oor veilige seks ná besnyding: Party mans jaag eenvoudig so veel moontlik bevrediging na, sonder enige beskerming. Die data dui ook op ’n patroon van ’n hoë verhoudingsomset onder die respondente. Dít was veral waarneembaar onder die tieners, wat te kenne gee dat hul verhoudings nie op toewyding gegrond is nie, maar eerder moontlike eksperimentasie. Hoewel die studie geen kontrolegroep met onbesnyde mans vir vergelykende doeleindes gehad het nie, dui die bevindinge op inkonsekwente kondoomgebruik onder mans, wat op sy beurt die risiko van MIV-oordrag verhoog. Die resultate dui voorts daarop dat MB-beraders ’n goed gestruktureerde beradingsprogram volg. Gevolgtrekking: Die studie het in sy doel en oogmerke geslaag. Die navorsingsproses was ontwerp om die nodige data in te samel en te ontleed ten einde die navorsingsvraag te beantwoord. Die navorsing steikenpopulasie en gevolglike steekproef was verteenwoordigend van die geografiese studiebestek. Die navorsingsinstrumente was ontwerp vir maklike gebruik deur respondente. Die verspreidings- en insamelingsmetode is gekies om so min moontlik moeite vir respondente te veroorsaak. Dít het ’n positiewe impak op die reaksiesyfer gehad, wat weer die geldigheid van die ingesamelde data verhoog het. Sowel die literatuuroorsig as die primêre navorsingsbevindinge bevestig dat MB sonder gedragsverandering allermins ’n ‘wondermiddel’ vir MIV-voorkoming is.

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Ali, Ali Salim. "Male circumcision managers' attitudes toward safe male circumcision program implementation and scale up in Botswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79949.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Safe Male circumcision (SMC) divides people for or against it, depending upon their attitudes. The Ministry of health (MOH) has built capacity in the country for rapid scale up of the program since 2009. However, despite the efforts, the number of men circumcised is lagging behind set targets. We do not know to what extent attitudes of the managers at national and district levels do influence this underperformance? The effectiveness of the managers at workplace at large will depend on their attitudes towards SMC. Managers with positive attitudes bring at workplace energy, creativity and momentum to fulfill the work objectives and goals. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to; 1) establish the current situation of SMC implementation in Botswana, 2) establish the required attitudes for managers towards SMC program, 3) establish the attitudes of SMC managers at all levels toward SMC program, 4) determine the gap between the required attitudes and SMC managers’ current attitudes toward SMC, and 5) Provide recommendation for reinforcing positive attitudes toward SMC program. Methods: The study used an explorative qualitative design. It was carried out at the Ministry of health headquarters and in ten districts in Botswana. A total of 26 SMC program managers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Results: The study found that the managers were confirming to positive attitudes toward the program as prescribed by the MOH’s standards. Data revealed a positive trend in scaling up of the program albeit lagging behind set targets. Conclusion: This study looked at the desired attitudes of SMC managers should posses and the level of attitudes currently have towards the program. It was not easy to link attitude and performance of individuals. High turnover rate of SMC officers was a worrisome finding that calls for further study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Na gelang van hul houdings, is die meeste mense hetsy sterk ten gunste van of heftig gekant teen veilige manlike besnydenis (VMB). Die Ministerie van Gesondheid is reeds sedert 2009 besig met vermoëbou-inisiatie we om die VMB-program vinnig uit te brei. Ondanks hierdie pogings, is die aantal mans wat ingevolge dié program besny word egter veel minder as die vasgestelde teikens. Dit is nie bekend in watter mate die houdings van VMB-programbestuurders op nasionale en distriksvlak hierdie onderprestasie beïnvloed nie. Die algehele doeltreffendheid waarmee dié bestuurders die program in werking stel, sal immers grootliks afhang van hul houdings jeens VMB. Bestuurders met ’n positiewe houding sal energie, kreatiwiteit en stukrag aan die werkplek verleen ten einde die programoogmerke en -doelwitte te verwesenlik. Oogmerke: Die oogmerke van die studie was: 1) om die huidige stand van VMB-inwerkingstelling in Botswana te bepaal; 2) om te bepaal watter houdings bestuurders behóórt te hê jeens die VMB-program; 3) om te bepaal watter houdings bestuurders op alle vlakke wél het jeens die VMB-program; 4) om vas te stel in watter mate bestuurders se vereiste houdings en huidige houdings jeens VMB verskil; en 5) om aanbevelings te doen vir die versterking van positiewe houdings jeens die VMB-program. Metode: Die studie het van ’n verkennende kwalitatiewe ontwerp gebruik gemaak. Dit is by die hoofkantoor van die Ministerie van Gesondheid sowel as in tien gesondheidsdistrikte in Botswana onderneem. Onderhoude aan die hand van ’n semigestruktureerde onderhoudsgids is met altesaam 26 VMB-programbestuurders gevoer. Resultate: Die studie bevind dat die bestuurders wél positiewe houdings jeens die program toon soos wat die standaarde van die Ministerie van Gesondheid vereis. Data dui op ’n positiewe tendens in die uitbreiding van die program, al word die vasgestelde teikens nie bereik nie.

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Firth, Samuel. "A Golden Opportunity: An Analysis of Gold and the VIX as Safe Haven Assets." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1697.

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This paper examines the role that gold and other precious metals play in portfolio construction as hedges and safe havens in comparison with the Volatility Index (VIX), a derivative of market volatility. Gold has long been considered to be among the best assets for reducing portfolio volatility due to its lack of correlation with the overall market. However, the major finding of this paper is that while gold and the other precious metals do serve in this role to varying extents, the VIX performs this function far better. Both econometric and portfolio analyses reveal that the VIX improves overall portfolio performance to a greater extent, and most importantly serves as an effective safe haven relative to the market.

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Karmacharya, Binab. "Population Dynamics of Northern Cardinal and Carolina Wren in an Urban Forest Fragment| Safe Refuge or Ecological Trap?" Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10002466.

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Conserving bird populations in urban landscapes often depends on interactions between extinction, recolonization, and survival in remnant habitat patches such as small nature preserves. Thus, determining the ecological value of small nature preserves to birds is a necessary step towards an informed conservation strategy. As such, I conducted a year round capture-mark-recapture study from April 2010 to March 2014 to examine population dynamics of Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) and Carolina Wrens ( Thryothorus ludovicianus) in a 41.7-ha nature preserve embedded in an urban matrix. More specifically, we examined variation in survival, recruitment, and realized population growth rates relative to year, season, sex, age, and wing length (as a proxy for body size) to investigate attributes that affect individual survival and to assess whether the reserve served as a population source or sink. The overall annual apparent survival rate of Northern Cardinals (0.520 ± SE 0.050) was higher than that of the Carolina Wrens (0.349 ± 0.050), and estimates in both species were similar to regional baseline estimates. The survival rates for adults were significantly higher than for immatures in both species, with body size having a positive influence on survival. Seasonal variation in survivorship was evident only in Northern Cardinals, being highest in the winter and lowest during the breeding season. Average annual population growth rate was slightly greater than 1.0 for both species, indicating stable or perhaps modestly increasing populations. These results represent the first published full annual cycle estimates of survival and population growth relative to age, sex, and body size for non-migratory passerines. Our results suggest that urban forests can provide the necessary resources to sustain growing populations of locally common birds. Furthermore, our demographic estimates derived from two healthy bird populations can serve as target values for other species of conservation concern within human-modified landscapes.

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Kilanko-Oluwasanya, Grace Olutope. "Better safe than sorry : towards appropriate water safety plans for urban self supply systems." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4453.

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Self Supply Systems (SSS) can be defined as privately owned household level water sources. The research focus is on urban self supply hand dug wells in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Self supply wells serve an estimated 45% of Abeokuta’s population. SSS can be gradually upgraded to improve water quality, but water quality can also be improved through effective risk management. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a risk management tool known as Water Safety Plans (WSP), but the tool has not been tried for SSS. This research focuses on the relevance of the generic WHO water safety plans tool to SSS, with the aim to develop an appropriate water safety framework for self supply sources to ensure acceptable household water. Water from self supply wells is used for both ingestion and non-ingestion household activities. The water quality of the sources is poor and not safe for consumption with faecal coliform counts in excess of 100 cfu/100 ml of water. Self supply wells in Abeokuta are plagued by four main water safety threats; style of source operation – primarily through bucket and rope -, construction problems, proximity to sources of contamination, and user’s hygiene practices. Users are in denial of the health consequences of unsafe water. There is a predominantly reactive attitude to water safety management. The main source management approaches include access and hygiene management. To appropriate existing WSP to SSS, source and water safety control measures require user acceptability to be sustainable in terms of adoption and compliance. Incentives are needed for the adoption of SSS water safety plans. A two- phase supporting program is necessary: awareness and enlightenment campaigns and relevant training activities. Water safety development for self supply wells need to be initiated and coordinated by an established institution other than the source owners. This research suggests the Department of Public Health as the institution to facilitate the development of water safety plans for SSS in Abeokuta, Nigeria.

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Harris, Kathryn Joy. "Optimizing emergency egress to safe zones : planning for a major earthquake at the University of Oregon /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7861.

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Ghosal, Tusar Kanti. "Bio-ecology of pulse beetle, callosobruchus spp (coleoptera: Bruchidae) and potentiality of their safe management in storage at Terai agro-climatic conditions." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1008.

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Danti, Ntomboxolo. "Critical assessment of right to safe water and sanitation in a South African informal settlement: a case study of Marikana, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27876.

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The Bill of Rights in the Constitution of South Africa mandates the promotion of human dignity, equality, and freedom. To attain these three mentioned aspects, the Bill of Rights stipulates that every person has the right to safe water and sanitation and this is done to improve the welfare of every citizen. South Africa has approximately 13% (7.27 million) of its population staying in informal settlements. Most of these informal settlements were formulated during the land invasion and so on and has since been increasing throughout South Africa. This study sought to assess whether informal dwellers have access to safe water and sanitation, what is the state of the water and sanitation facilities. The assessment was conducted in terms of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of South Africa and WHO. Marikana informal settlement in Cape Town was used as a case study. Safe water and sanitation to all remain a challenge in South Africa, notwithstanding the commendable efforts since 1994, to provide access to safe water and sanitation as a right to all people. Based on empirical findings and analysis of relevant documents, the study views the water and sanitation in SA informal settlements as unsafe. The sanitation facilities are inadequate thus contributing to existing open defecation. The coverage of the water and sanitation facilities is not enough, therefore, compromising the right to access safe water and sanitation. The findings show evidence of non-operational water supply infrastructure. The uncleanliness of the existing sanitation facilities contributes to health issues like water-borne diseases. The sanitation facilities lack the human right factor, for an example, facilities are not designed to accommodate the elderly and physical disable people. Though South Africa made commendable progress in providing access to water and sanitation nationally, the inequality in the provision of safe water and sanitation exists; there is lack of freedom due to the poor safety of public facilities and overcrowded settlements, and the protection of human dignity is still an issue in informal settlements. In general, while the study identifies the existence of comprehensive national legislative and policy frameworks in support of providing safe water and sanitation in informal settlements, there are various challenges such as availability of land, inadequate housing, policy implementation, infrastructure maintenance and so on, that hinder the right to safe water and sanitation and has a possibility to hinder the fulfillment of South Africa's vision 2030 goal to provide access to piped water and flush toilets by all people.

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Fas, Millán Miguel Ángel. "ConOps for a safe integration of multi-RPAS operations in civil airspace." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667999.

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The gradual integration of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) in civil airspace, sharing airways with commercial flights, is expected to be completed once the legal issues and those regarding the unmanned traffic management are solved. This will open the floodgates to a myriad of new services, with a demand that will probably face a lack of pilots, a situation already present in the manned case. Multi-RPAS operations could be a solution, if correctly addressed. The thesis proposes a framework that pursues the feasibility, from a human factors perspective, of having a single pilot/aircrew controlling several RPAS concurrently in non-segregated airspace. Such feasibility implies that this multitasking should be safe, and not interfere with the job of the air traffic controllers due to delays or errors associated to the parallel piloting. To this extent, a set of tools and measures are suggested, which include workload balance and prediction, action monitoring and interface usability. The management of the workload takes into account the cognitive profile of each pilot to determine their limitations and time requirements while executing the tasks. Based on these profiles, the scheduling seeks the concurrent piloting while providing a safe margin of total workload, but also the flexibility in the strategies chosen for executing the tasks. The balance of the workload among pilots, a necessary safety measure, requires the prediction of it; this would be done based on the aggregation of different sources of information like aircraft readings, scheduled tasks, external reports and a suggested map of expected workload drivers. Monitorings are justified by the fact that concurrent piloting could be misleading, so the system provides a safety check, acting as a kind of first officer. The reason behind the focus put on usability is that a handy interface providing an appropriate awareness is an essential requirement in multi-RPAS operations. While multiplying the productivity is the main goal, it also offers benefits for a one-pilot-one-aircraft ratio, as it provides extra safety measures or the possiblity to parallelise other roles in the flightcrew. To illustrate its potential, a prototype was implemented and some experiments with pseudo-pilots conducted to compare the performance with or without some of the features. These showed a decrease in the number of errors, oversights, and subjective stress, and were useful to inspire improvements. Some components of the framework could be leveraged outside of it. For instance, it relies on the exploitation of the potential of Controler-Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC), anticipating a future widespread implementation and full use. A CPDLC display was designed to reduce the head-down of current implementations and provide a more descriptive status of the communications, both key aspects for the quick response that a multi-RPAS pilot could require. As a standalone application, it could be used by pilots and controllers to train the CPDLC phraseology and composition rules, or as an inspiration for future implementations. Its connectivity middleware allows the simulation of different scenarios of Quality of Service for the link, which can be used to train the procedures when related problems arise. Also, the implementation of the suggested map of workload could serve to air traffic management analysts to get the perspective of the pilots during the operations and detect hot spots. The safety measures and monitorings were positively evaluated by the pilots and controllers surveyed, even when some constituted redundant checks to existing air traffic control monitoring tools. The CPDLC display was quite well considered also to be used by controllers, who found it intuitive, quick, and that the information was clearly displayed and at hand. Finally, the handover procedure suggested was well evaluated to avoid the errors arising during the process of control migration.
La integración de los sistemas aéreos pilotados de forma remota (RPAS) en espacio aéreo civil será una realidad una vez se resuelvan los temas legales pendientes o las particularidades en lo referente al control del tráfico aéreo. Esto supondrá el pistoletazo de salida a una amplia gama de servicios, con una demanda que probablemente se enfrentará a una carestía de pilotos, situación que ya se da en el caso de los vuelos tripulados. Las operaciones multi-RPAS, implementadas de forma correcta, podrían paliar este problema. La tesis propone un marco operativo para la viabilidad, a nivel de factores humanos, de que cada piloto o tripulación pueda controlar simultáneamente varios RPAS en espacio aéreo no segregado. Dicha viabilidad implica que estas operaciones sean seguras y no interfieran en el trabajo de los controladores debido a retardos o errores asociados al hecho de pilotar varios aviones. Por ello, se sugiere un conjunto de herramientas y medidas que incluyen la predicción y balanceo de la carga de trabajo, monitoreo de acciones y una adecuada usabilidad de la interfaz. La gestión de la carga de trabajo toma en cuenta los perfiles cognitivos de los pilotos para determinar sus limitaciones y tiempo de ejecución de las tareas. Basándose en estos, se busca una asignación de vuelos con un margen seguro de carga de trabajo total pero también flexibilidad en la estrategia elegida para lidiar con las tareas concurrentes. El balanceo de la carga de trabajo entre los pilotos requiere la predicción del flujo de tareas; esta se basará en tantas fuentes de información como estén disponibles: telemetría, tareas planificadas, partes o un sugerido mapa de factores de carga de trabajo. La monitorización se justifica porque controlar distintos vuelos de forma concurrente puede llevar a confusiones. El sistema cotejará pues las acciones, en una suerte de primer oficial. La usabilidad es clave en el caso multi-RPAS, donde es imperativo una interfaz que permita una respuesta y acceso a la información rápidos, con una clara descripción del estado de las operaciones. Pese a que el principal objetivo del concepto es el aumento de la productividad de los pilotos, este ofrecería beneficios aun cuando a cada piloto se asignase un único vuelo, por sus medidas de seguridad complementarias, o la posibilidad de que la operatividad concurrente se traslade a otros roles de la tripulación. Para ilustrar su potencial, se implementó un prototipo con el que se llevó a cabo experimentos con pseudo-pilotos para comprobar la efectividad de algunas medidas. Estos mostraron una reducción en el número de errores, olvidos y estrés subjetivo, y sirvieron para inspirar mejoras. Algunas piezas del sistema pueden ser útiles fuera de este. Por ejemplo, se explota el potencial de las comunicaciones mediante enlace de datos (CPDLC), anticipándose a su futura implementación y uso extendidos y se diseñó una interfaz CPDLC que redujese el lento manejo de las actuales, con un estado más claro de las comunicaciones. Esta, de forma aislada, podría utilizarse para entrenar a pilotos y controladores en las reglas de composición, o como inspiración a futuros diseños. El software utilizado permite la simulación de escenarios de calidad del enlace, que permitirían practicar los procedimientos asociados a los problemas que pueden surgir en estos. Y el mapa de factores de carga de trabajo que se sugiere, podría ser utilizado para analizar la integración RPAS. Las medidas propuestas fueron positivamente evaluadas por los pilotos y controladores encuestados, aun cuando algunas suponían comprobaciones redundantes, ya presentes en herramientas de control de tráfico aéreo. La interfaz CPDLC, en principio orientada a pilotos, gustó también a controladores por intuitiva, de rápido manejo, y con la información accesible. Finalmente, el procedimiento de migración de control sugerido fue considerado interesante para evitar los errores que surgen durante el proceso de migración de control

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34

Kam, Chi-kit Charles. "The exploration of a multi-dimensional safe behaviour model for construction workers in Hong Kong : a structural equation modelling approach." Thesis, University of Hull, 2002. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3553.

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Safety and Health in the workplace has long been the priority work of the Hong Kong administration but the accidentstatistics in Hong Kong tell another story. No matter how sophisticated a safe system is designed, its ultimate success depends very much on the person who carries out the job. Safe behaviour has therefore become the contemporary study of safety and health at work.Since human behaviour is a multidimensional construct, its understanding requires a multiple theory approach. Inspired by this concept, this study explores a Multi-Dimensional Safe Behaviour Model in explaining Construction Workers' Safe Behaviour. The study examines its implication for management when safe behaviours are to be instilled. Nine psychological theories and models, identified under the perspective of the Intrapersonal, Interpersonal and Community Level are examined. A short list of 9 variables of "Social Norm", "Management Commitment", "Safety Knowledge", "Perceived Risk", "Safety Experience", "Self Efficacy"; "Perceived Consequence", "Chance" and Intention to Behave" was constructed. Three hypothetical constructs of "Social Support", "Attitude" and "Expectance" composed of observable indicators from the nine identified variables are also formed. The variables are then put together into a hypothesised Multi-Dimensional Safe Behaviour Model with the casual relationships between variables identified. A Structural Equation Modelling procedure shows that the hypothesised Multi-Dimensional Safe Behaviour Model fits the data reflecting the necessity of adopting a holistic approach in addressing behavioural issues. "Safety Attitude" is found to impose a positive effect on the worker's "Intention to Behave Safely" indirectly via a mediating factor of "Chance Locus". The study conveys practical implications to safety management and researchers. Research limitations and areas for further study are also discussed. Safety behavioural initiatives based on the model testing results in promotion workers' safety behaviours are also addressed.

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Chauke, Tinyiko Lourence. "The impact of cardinal rules on employee safety behaviour at power stations in Mpumalanga / Chauke, T.L." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7007.

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Occupational risk management can be a catalyst in generating superior returns for all stakeholders on a sustainable basis. A number of companies in South Africa have implemented Cardinal Rules of Safety adopted from international companies to ensure the safety of their employees. The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of the cardinal rules on employee safety behaviour implemented at power stations in Mpumalanga. The empirical study was done by using a questionnaire as measuring instrument. The questionnaire was developed from a literature review and contains questions and items relevant to the initial research problem. The questionnaire comprised of five–point Likert scale type questions.The convenience sampling method was applied identifying 90 participants at three different power stations in Mpumalanga taking part in the study. Statistical analysis was performed by the Statistical Consulting Service of the North–West University using SPSS. Cronbach’s alpha co–efficients was used to determine the reliability of the factors. Descriptive statistics (Mean, standard, deviation, were used in the compiling of the profile of the results. While Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient was calculated to identify practically significant associations between variables and factors The research findings suggest that there is practical significant correlation between the factors that were measured. The opinion given by respondents suggests that cardinal rules of safety were implemented, given all the necessary support by management and enforced throughout the organisation.
Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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36

Sandin, Per. "Better safe than sorry : applying philosophical methods to the debate on risk and the precautionary principle /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Philosophy Unit, Royal Institute of Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-90.

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37

Moreira, Miguel Alexandre Ribeiro. "Assessing the balance between biodiversity conservation and coastal and estuarine management of the Sado Estuary Natural Reserve, Portugal, using BIO-SAFE." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/4987.

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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil de Engenharia Ecológica
Coastal and Estuarine management is one emergent topic nowadays. Physical reconstruction and management plans are currently being executed where the major goals are flood risk reduction,ecological rehabilitation and economic development. The ecological consequences of these measures must be evaluated in a way that ensures attuning of policy goals concerning conservation of biodiversity. The estuarine systems are important for the conservation and restoration of biodiversity, since they are one of the most productive ecosystems on the planet. Recently, a novel Spreadsheet Application For Evaluation of impacts of physical reconstruction measures on BIOdiversity (i.e. BIO-SAFE) in riverine habitats has been developed (Lenders et al., 2001, De Nooij et al., 2004, De Nooij, 2006). In this study, BIO-SAFE has been adapted to the Portuguese Sado River Estuary, with the direct application on the Natural Reserve of the cited estuarine area. BIO-SAFE is a policy and legislation based assessment model that quantifies biodiversity values in riverine areas for several taxonomic groups and landscape ecological units (ecotopes) on the basis of the policy status and habitat demands of riverine characteristic species. The model uses data on presence of species and riverine landscape ecological units for different levels of spatial scale. In this study, a new version of the model was developed for the Sado Estuary Natural Reserve (RNES), called BIO-SAFE Sado. To develop the Sado version, it was necessary to adapt the three main components of the conceptual framework of BIO-SAFE. These comprise (1) a database with the relevant policy and/or legislation RNES indigenous species, (2) a specific ecotope typology for the RNES area and (3) a weighted set of policy and legislation based valuation criteria for biodiversity. In addition to these research activities, the model has been implemented in the MS Excel spreadsheet. After implementation of these three components and the programming of the different types of indices and algorithms in MS Excel, the program calculated all relevant indexes and scores. The BIOSAFE Sado model was used for two types of analysis: (a) valuations of ecotopes (potential situation)and transitions between ecotopes and (b) valuation of the actual situation. Both approaches were made on the level of species individually and taxonomic groups at two scale levels (ecotopes and levels). The taxonomic groups higher plants, birds, fish and mammals are amongst the most important taxa regarding endangered and protected biodiversity in the study area. The ecotope valuation show that the most important ecotope types regarding protected and endangered biodiversity in the RNES are the Waterlines for the aquatic ecotope types and the Dune bushes and the indigenous forestry ecotope types Pinewood and Cork oak system for the terrestrial systems. The valuation of the actual situation shows the same results for the most important taxa and ecotopes present in the RNES, which was expected since the saturation indices showed high values, indicating that most of the potential species are actually present on the area.

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Forero, Ilenia Anneth. "The Water Culture Beliefs of Embera Communities and Maternal and Child Health in the Republic of Panama." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4673.

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Water has cultural and spiritual values to indigenous people. These beliefs expose them to unsafe water sources and make them vulnerable to waterborne diseases. This background is not taken into account when countries write their water legislations, therefor imposing a management of water not readily accepted by them. The Embera group is one of the indigenous groups from the Republic of Panama, who have strong water beliefs. They live along the shore of rivers in houses built on high stilts away from urban areas. The purpose of this cross-sectional community based study is to describe through a survey the relation between the water beliefs of Embera communities living inside the Chagres National Park and the health of women and children. A house to house visit was performed in two of the five Embera communities that reside inside the Chagres National Park to enroll them and complete the survey. Sixteen Embera households with 71 family members agreed to participate. Results showed that 18.5% were children under 5 years of age and 14.1% their corresponding mothers. One hundred percent of the households rely on rural aqueduct as their source of water, with no treatment performed to this water. Women that completed elementary school or had higher education level accounted for 53.4%. Analysis of frequency of more than three diarrheal episodes in children under 5 years of age with mother's education level and months of breastfeeding had no statistical significance (X2 of 1.935, p-value of >0.05; X2 of 0.258, p-value of >0.05). When the frequency of diarrheal episodes in women and their education level was analyzed a statistically significant association was found (X2 of 6.429, p-value of 0.011). Five (38.5%) out of 13 children under 5 years of age in these communities had complete immunization calendar for their ages, but 10 (76.9%) have completed immunization for Rotavirus. No deaths due to diarrhea were reported in any member of the household. Marginalization in this type of communities is frequent since they settle in vast areas far from access to safe roads, safe water, basic sanitation and health services. A similar study can be applied to the 5 communities living in the area to have a clear view of their water beliefs, diseases and needs in order to concentrate efforts to close any gaps.

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Stinson, Jill D. "Safe Offender Strategies and the Role of Self-Regulation in Sex Offender Treatment: Characteristics, Needs, and Outcomes for Sex Offender Management & Treatment." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7990.

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Iberraken, Dimia. "Safe Trajectories and Sequential Bayesian Decision-Making Architecture for Reliable Autonomous Vehicle Navigation." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC043.

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Les dernières avancées en matière de conduite de véhicules autonomes (VAs) ont fait apparaître toute l'importance de garantir la fiabilité complète des manœuvres que doivent effectuer les VAs, y compris dans des environnements/situations très dynamiques et incertains. Cet objectif devient encore plus ardu en raison du caractère unique de chaque situation/condition de circulation. Pour faire face à toutes ces configurations très contraignantes et complexes, les VAs doivent disposer d'une architecture de contrôle appropriée avec des Stratégies d'Evaluation et de Gestion des Risques (SEGR) fonctionnant en temps-réel et d'une manière fiable. Ces SEGR ciblées doivent conduire à une réduction drastique des risques de conduite. Théoriquement et de maniéré systémique, ces SEGR doivent aboutir à un risque de conduite inférieur à tout comportement de conduite humaine. En conséquent, il est également question de réduire la nécessité d'effectuer des tests très poussés, qui peuvent prendre plusieurs mois/années pour au final ne pas avoir de preuves formelles de la viabilité et de la sûreté complète du système. Ainsi, les travaux présentés dans cette thèse de doctorat ont pour but d'avoir une méthodologie prouvable pour les SGER des VAs.Cette thèse porte sur l'ensemble du processus, en partant de l'évaluation des risques, de la planification de la trajectoire jusqu'à la prise de décision et au contrôle du véhicule autonome. En premier lieu, une architecture multi-contrôleurs probabiliste (Probabilistic Multi-Controller Architecture P-MCA) est conçue pour une conduite autonome sûre en présence d'incertitudes. Cette architecture est composé de plusieurs modules interconnectés qui sont responsables de : l'évaluation du risque de collision avec tous les véhicules observés tout en considérant les prévisions de leurs trajectoires ; la planification des différentes manœuvres de conduite ; la prise de décision sur les actions les plus appropriées à réaliser ; le contrôle du mouvement du véhicule ; l'interruption en toute sécurité de la manœuvre engagée si nécessaire (en raison par exemple d'un changement soudain de l'environnement routier) ; et en dernier recours la planification des actions évasives à défaut d'un autre choix. L'évaluation des risques proposée est basée sur une stratégie à deux étapes. La première étape consiste à analyser la situation actuelle de conduite et à prévoir les éventuelles collisions. Cette étape est réalisée en tenant compte de plusieurs contraintes dynamiques et des conditions de circulation connues au moment de la planification. La deuxième étape est appliquée en temps-réel, durant la réalisation de la manœuvre, où un mécanisme de vérification de la sécurité est activé pour quantifier les risques et la criticité de la situation de conduite sur le temps restant pour réaliser la manœuvre. La stratégie décisionnelle est basée sur un réseau Bayésien de décision à niveaux séquentiels pour la sélection et la vérification des manœuvres (Sequential Decision Networks for Maneuver Selection and Verification SDN-MSV) et constitue un module essentiel de l'architecture P-MCA. Ce module est conçu pour gérer plusieurs manœuvres routières dans un environnement incertain. Il utilise l'évaluation des étapes de sécurité définies pour proposer des actions discrètes qui permettent de : réaliser des manœuvres appropriées dans une situation de trafic donnée, il fournit également une rétrospective de la sécurité, cette dernière actualise en temps-réel les mouvements de l'égo-véhicule en fonction de la dynamique de l'environnement, afin de faire face à toute situation dangereuse et risquée soudaine. (...)
Recent advances in Autonomous Vehicles (AV) driving raised up all the importance to ensure the complete reliability of AV maneuvers even in highly dynamic and uncertain environments/situations. This objective becomes even more challenging due to the uniqueness of every traffic situation/condition. To cope with all these very constrained and complex configurations, AVs must have appropriate control architecture with reliable and real-time Risk Assessment and Management Strategies (RAMS). These targeted RAMS must lead to reduce drastically the navigation risks (theoretically, lower than any human-like driving behavior), with a systemic way. Consequently, the aim is also to reduce the need for too extensive testing (which could take several months and years for each produced RAMS without at the end having absolute prove). Hence the goal in this Ph.D. thesis is to have a provable methodology for AV RAMS. This dissertation addresses the full pipeline from risk assessment, path planning to decision-making and control of autonomous vehicles. In the first place, an overall Probabilistic Multi-Controller Architecture (P-MCA) is designed for safe autonomous driving under uncertainties. The P-MCA is composed of several interconnected modules that are responsible for: assessing the collision risk with all observed vehicles while considering their trajectories' predictions; planning the different driving maneuvers; making the decision on the most suitable actions to achieve; control the vehicle movement; aborting safely the engaged maneuver if necessary (due for instance to a sudden change in the environment); and as last resort planning evasive actions if there is no other choice. The proposed risk assessment is based on a dual-safety stage strategy. The first stage analyzes the actual driving situation and predicts potential collisions. This is performed while taking into consideration several dynamic constraints and traffic conditions that are known at the time of planning. The second stage is applied in real-time, during the maneuver achievement, where a safety verification mechanism is activated to quantify the risks and the criticality of the driving situation beyond the remaining time to achieve the maneuver. The decision-making strategy is based on a Sequential Decision Networks for Maneuver Selection and Verification (SDN-MSV) and corresponds to an important module of the P-MCA. This module is designed to manage several road maneuvers under uncertainties. It utilizes the defined safety stages assessment to propose discrete actions that allow to: derive appropriate maneuvers in a given traffic situation and provide a safety retrospection that updates in real-time the ego-vehicle movements according to the environment dynamic, in order to face any sudden hazardous and risky situation. In the latter case, it is proposed to compute the corresponding low-level control based on the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) that allows the ego-vehicle to pursue the advised collision-free evasive trajectory to avert an accident and to guarantee safety at any time.The reliability and the flexibility of the overall proposed P-MCA and its elementary components have been intensively validated, first in simulated traffic conditions, with various driving scenarios, and secondly, in real-time with the autonomous vehicles available at Institut Pascal

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Scott, Gordon Livingstone Stanley. "An assessment of health and safety management in selected rural hospitals / Gordon Livingstone Stanley Scott." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8437.

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Health and safety is of the utmost importance for any company or institution to be successful. There is quite a negative perception regarding the health and safety of rural hospitals and clinics. Rural hospitals are most of the time overcrowded due the large amount of patients that has no medical aid, thus increases the risk for health and safety issues. Patients sit in long queues for hours to receive medical attention and their medication and are therefore exposed to all kinds of diseases, which is a high risk for these patients’s health. The employees working in these rural areas are also exposed to life-threatening diseases on a daily basis and have a good chance of being infected. Employees leave the public sector because of these unsafe working conditions and find themselves either working in the private sector or may even immigrate to foreign countries for better and safer working conditions. During this research done, there were a few shortcomings identified for the management to improvement on and to ensure a safe working environment. There are quite a lot of negativities surrounding the patients and employees in these rural hospitals, because patients get raped by nurses, babies get stolen from maternity wards, doctors are attacked by patients and much more horrific incidents happening in these hospitals. Cultural differences are also a main concern for management, because there are a lot of different races working together in the same department and not everyone has the same beliefs and ways in doing tasks. These cultural differences may lead to clashes amongst employees and result in a negative working environment. This quantitative research was done in selected rural hospitals, due to cost and time consumption. Only 80 employees (doctors, nurses and pharmacists) participated in the research done and the research was not an in-depth research, but enough evidence was compiled to make the necessary assumptions that all is not well in the public sector. With the new National Health Insurance (NHI) to be implemented from 2012, there may a lot of changes in the rural hospitals for the better. Hospitals all over the country are being upgraded and the working conditions are being attended to by the government which may attract more health professional to rural hospitals and clinics.
Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

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Okten, Sebnem. "Investigation Of The Safe And Sustainable Yields For The Sandy Complex Aquifer System In Ergene River Basin." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605152/index.pdf.

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This study aims to determine the safe and sustainable development and management of groundwater resources in Ergene River Basin located in northwestern Turkey. A numerical groundwater model was developed for the Sandy Complex aquifer, which is the most productive and the most widespread aquifer in the basin. The finite difference model with 5900 cells was used to represent the steady and unsteady flow in the aquifer. The model was calibrated in two steps: a steady state calibration by using the observed groundwater levels of January 1970, followed by a transient calibration by using the observed groundwater levels for the period of January 1970 and December 2000. The resulting model was used to develop groundwater pumping scenarios in order to predict the changes in the aquifer system under a set of different pumpage conditions for a planning period of 30 years between January 2001 and December 2030. A total of eight pumping scenarios were developed under transient flow conditions for the planning period and the results were evaluated to determine the safe and sustainable yields of the aquifer. The results, presented in the form of a trade-off curve, demonstrate that the continuation of the present pumping rates exceeds both the safe and the sustainable yields of the aquifer system.

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Issa, Mubdir. "Performance Impact of Migrating a Mining Traffic Management System To Docker." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-86037.

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Software deployment is all of the activities that make a software system available for use. An examaple of such activites can be installations, updating and removing of software. Each deployment platform can differ in quality attributes such as performance, maintainability, etc. Docker, a deployment platform using container technology offering a more modular way of deployment has become increasingly popular over the past few years. The aim of the project is to find out how a deployment with Docker would affect the performance of a clientserver application from the mining industry. Three scenarios were performed in a simulated environment for the existing as well as the potential deployment platform. Measures of roundtrip time were made for both sets of the scenarios. Results show a general decrease in performance when running the application on Docker. This is especially seen in early stages of each scenario, where Docker in average has 15 times higher roundtrip times than the existing platform. However, results gathered from each scenario suggests that while Docker does start much slower than the existing platform, in later stages of each scenarios, Docker manages to narrow the gap and be at most 1.14 times higher than the existing platform. In conclusion, while the deployment in which the existing platform is deployed on does out perform Docker, it still shows some promise and could potentially be a worthy option to look at for further work.

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Råssjö, Eva-Britta. "Sexual Behaviour and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Urban Ugandan Youth – Perceptions, Attitudes and Management." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Women's and Children's Health, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6264.

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The aims of this thesis were to expand the knowledge about sexual and reproductive health among urban Ugandan youths, living in a slum, and to evaluate the national flow-chart for management of the abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) syndrome in adolescent girls. Data collection included individual interviews, focus-group discussions and clinical investigations with tests for chlamydia trachomatis (CT), neisseria gonorrhoea (NG), trichomonas vaginalis (TV), syphilis, and HIV infection. Poverty, peer pressure and gender power imbalance were obstacles to safe sexual practices: to abstain from sex, be faithful or to use condoms. Prevalence among the 199 female and 107 male adolescents for CT, NG, TV, syphilis and HIV was 4.5%, 9.0%, 8.0%, 4.0% and 15.2% for females and 4.7%, 5.7%, 0%, 2.8% and 5.8% for males. The national AVD flow-chart had a sensitivity of 61%, a specificity of 38.5% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 11.6%. A flow-chart using risk factors, rather than symptoms, implicated a sensitivity/specificity and PPV of 82.6%/47% and 17.3% respectively. Socially disadvantaged females had a high risk to be HIV infected and HIV infection was associated to other STIs. Females were more likely than males to have any of the infections studied. Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV was considered as helpful in preventing the spread of HIV. Obstacles for testing were: lack of time and money, fear of stigmatisation and fear that the knowledge of HIV positive status could shorten someone's life. An alternative flow-chart for management of AVD among adolescent girls should be evaluated. Girl's opportunities for education and income generating work should be a priority. VCT services for young people should be made accessible in terms of cost, time and quality of counselling.

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Nilsson, Towe. "A Transparent Agile Change : Predicting a Transparent Organizational Change from Change Recipients’ Beliefs and Trust in Management." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95495.

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The popularity of agile methodologies is steadily increasing. This study is an intent to balance the agile change literature with a psychological perspective and quantitative measures of an agile change made within a Swedish organization. Organizational change recipients’ beliefs (discrepancy, appropriateness, valence, efficacy, & principal support) and trust in management were measured in an online survey to see how well these variables could predict a successful agile change towards transparency. The results indicate a lack of support for several previously cited success factors in the agile literature and a need for more quantitative and research-driven literature. No support could be found for a relationship between discrepancy, appropriateness, valence, principal support, trust in management, and the outcome of a successful implementation of transparency. Efficacy was found to be a significant and robust predictor of the outcome. More research is needed to ensure the generalizability of the results.

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Wilson, Jessica P. "Source Water Protection Planning in Ohio: Assessing the Integration of Land Use Planning and Water Management for Safe and Sustainable Public Drinking Water Sources." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593616149140822.

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Withanachchi, Sisira Saddhamangala [Verfasser]. "Sustainable Water Resource Management for a Safe Food System in Georgia: A study of Water Quality Governance, focusing the Mashavera River Basin / Sisira Saddhamangala Withanachchi." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/117036134X/34.

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Trafford, Sean Michael. "The impact of the diversity of cultures upon the implementation of the international management code for the safe operation of ships and for pollution prevention." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/581263.

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Shipping is a fragmented, global industry operating in a culturally diverse environment. As a result of rising maritime accident rates and pollution incidents in the 1970s and 1980s, the International Maritime Organisation introduced two conventions that entered fully into force in 2002: the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and Pollution Prevention (ISM Code), and the 1995 revision of the 1978 Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW Code). Introduction of the conventions served to focus the attention of the international maritime community on the need to raise industry-wide safety standards, but questions were raised about whether it was possible to develop a safety culture in a fragmented, global industry and what effects the diversity of cultures might have upon implementation of the ISM Code. This study explores those questions. Subsequent to a review of the literature, a model of the working of the ISM Code is developed and used to identify the constraints and pressures, particularly those that might be influenced by cultural values and attitudes, that impact upon the development and implementation of a Safety Management System in individual shipping organisations, which is the essence of the ISM Code. A comparative case study methodology is adopted for the empirical research and a number of investigative techniques are used to test the ISM Code model and obtain both qualitative and quantitative data to determine whether the impact of culturally influenced constraints and pressures would be best addressed by stricter enforcement of existing regulatory provisions or greater emphasis on education and training. From analysis of the data collected, the study concluded that: • Professional, vocational and safety training correctly utilised are effective in harmonising culturally influenced safety perspectives, thus improving safety performance; and • Culturally influenced constraints and pressures can be dealt with by the application of standard management techniques which, in a multi-cultural environment requires good cross-cultural management skills. The most common method of determining how effective a company has been in dealing with the various constraints and pressures affecting safety performance is to evaluate the efficacy of the organisation's Safety Management System by analysis of accident records, lost time incidents and hazardous occurrences (ACNSI, 1993). These data, reported under the provisions of Clause 9 of the ISM Code, are therefore analysed and compared with an industry sector benchmark. The study however, goes beyond such a purely quantitative approach and establishes the relative safety climate of the case study companies by means of perceptual audit of salient, safety-related factors. This qualitative technique draws together all the main research elements of the study and a Safety Climate Comparator is developed that provides a useful indicator of the relative status of those culturally influenced factors that ultimately affect a company's safety performance. By extension, the technique may be used to provide a Relative Safety Culture Maturity Model to measure the safety climate of other shipping companies relative to a benchmark standard.

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Withanachchi, Sisira S. [Verfasser]. "Sustainable Water Resource Management for a Safe Food System in Georgia: A study of Water Quality Governance, focusing the Mashavera River Basin / Sisira Saddhamangala Withanachchi." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2018092556441.

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Vieux, Micah Steven. "AN INTERNSHIP IN WATER UTILITY STAKEHOLDER RELATIONS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1368017965.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Safe management'

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