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Journal articles on the topic 'Saddle'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

MacKechnie-Guire, Russell, Erik MacKechnie-Guire, Vanessa Fairfax, Diana Fisher, Mark Fisher, and Thilo Pfau. "The Effect of Tree Width on Thoracolumbar and Limb Kinematics, Saddle Pressure Distribution, and Thoracolumbar Dimensions in Sports Horses in Trot and Canter." Animals 9, no. 10 (October 21, 2019): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100842.

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This study evaluated the effect of saddle tree width on thoracolumbar and limb kinematics, saddle pressure distribution, and thoracolumbar epaxial musculature dimensions. Correctly fitted saddles were fitted by a Society of Master Saddler Qualified Saddle Fitter in fourteen sports horses (mean ± SD age 12 ± 8.77 years, height 1.65 ± 0.94 m), and were altered to one width fitting wider and narrower. Horses were equipped with skin markers, inertial measurement units, and a pressure mat beneath the saddle. Differences in saddle pressure distribution, as well as limb and thoracolumbosacral kinematics between saddle widths were investigated using a general linear model with Bonferroni adjusted alpha (p ≤ 0.05). Compared with the correct saddle width, in trot, in the wide saddle, an 8.5% increase in peak pressures was found in the cranial region of the saddle (p = 0.003), a 14% reduction in thoracolumbar dimensions at T13 (p = 0.02), and a 6% decrease in the T13 range of motion in the mediolateral direction (p = 0.02). In the narrow saddle, a 14% increase in peak pressures was found in the caudal region of the saddle (p = 0.01), an 8% decrease in the range of motion of T13 in the mediolateral direction (p = 0.004), and a 6% decrease in the vertical direction (p = 0.004) of T13. Compared with the correct saddle width, in canter, in the wide saddle, axial rotation decreased by 1% at T5 (p = 0.03) with an 5% increase at T13 (p = 0.04) and a 5% increase at L3 (p = 0.03). Peak pressures increased by 4% (p = 0.002) in the cranial region of the wide saddle. Altering the saddle fit had an effect on thoracolumbar kinematics and saddle pressure distribution; hence, correct saddle fit is essential to provide unhindered locomotion.

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2

Tooth, A. S., J. S. T. Cheung, L. S. Ong, H. W. Ng, and C. Nadarajah. "The Support of Horizontal Vessels Containing High-Temperature Fluids—A Design Study." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 120, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842051.

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This paper investigates the behavior of horizontal cylindrical vessels, subjected to thermal loading by high-temperature fluid, where the saddles are fixed to the supporting structure. In order to determine an optimum saddle design, three widely used saddle configurations, with differing saddle heights and top saddle plate extensions, are explored. Thereafter, one of the saddle designs is selected to illustrate a decoupling procedure, for the radial and axial expansions, whereby design charts are obtained to derive the maximum stress values for a range of vessel geometries. The finite element approach, using linear elastic, small displacement analysis, is used throughout.

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3

Murray, R. C., R. Mackechnie-Guire, M. Fisher, and V. Fairfax. "Reducing peak pressures under the saddle at thoracic vertebrae 10-13 is associated with alteration in jump kinematics." Comparative Exercise Physiology 14, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep180021.

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There is little information about horse-saddle interaction at take-off for a fence, although there is potential that this could have an influence on performance. It was hypothesised that (1) maximum peak pressure under the saddle would occur in the phase of maximum thoracolumbar flexion prior to hindlimb take-off; and (2) limb and trunk kinematics at take-off over the fence would be affected by reducing peak pressure at Thoracic vertebrae (T)10-13 at the point in the stride where peak pressures occur. The peak pressures under the usual saddle (Saddle S) and a saddle modified to reduce peak pressures at T10-13 (Saddle F) were measured during approach and take-off over a 1.30 m upright fence in 12 elite jumping horses. The timing of peak pressures was determined by comparison with simultaneous video data. Shoulder, carpal flexion angle and trunk angle to the horizontal at hindlimb take-off, take-off distance from the fence and fetlock height above the fence were determined using high speed motion analysis. Peak pressures under the saddle at T10-13 and kinematic data were compared between Saddles S and F. Maximum peak pressures occurred at forelimb vertical, during hindlimb protraction, consistent with thoracolumbar ventroflexion. Saddle F was associated with significantly lower peak pressures at T10-13, greater shoulder and carpal flexion, a steeper trunk angle, and higher fetlock height above the fence than Saddle S. Forelimb take-off distance from the fence was not different between saddles, but hindlimbs were significantly closer to the fence with Saddle F, indicating potential increase in ventroflexion through the thoracolumbosacral region. These findings suggest that reducing peak pressures under the saddle at T10-13 are associated with altered kinematics during the approach and take-off over a fence, which may have a positive effect on jumping performance.

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4

Aref’eva, Irina, Mikhail Khramtsov, Maria Tikhanovskaya, and Igor Volovich. "On replica-nondiagonal large N saddles in the SYK model." EPJ Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819106007.

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We study the saddle points of the SYK model, formulated in terms of the replica bilocal fields, beyond the replica-diagonal assumption. We find a family of replica-nondiagonal saddle points in the IR limit, where the saddle point equations are separable. We use the Parisi ansatz to find the replicanondiagonal solutions and take the replica limit. The free energy on these solutions is computed, and we find that some of the replica-nondiagonal saddles have lower free energy than the replica-diagonal saddle point.

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5

ROCŞOREANU, CARMEN, NICOLAIE GIURGIŢEANU, and ADELINA GEORGESCU. "CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SADDLES FOR THE FITZHUGH–NAGUMO SYSTEM." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 11, no. 02 (February 2001): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127401002213.

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By studying the two-dimensional FitzHugh–Nagumo (F–N) dynamical system, points of Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation were detected (Sec. 1). Two of the curves of homoclinic bifurcation emerging from these points intersect each other at a point of double breaking saddle connection bifurcation (Sec. 2). Numerical investigations of the bifurcation curves emerging from this point, in the parameter plane, allowed us to find other types of codimension-one and -two bifurcations concerning the connections between saddles and saddle-nodes, referred to as saddle-node–saddle connection bifurcation and saddle-node–saddle with separatrix connection bifurcation, respectively. The local bifurcation diagrams corresponding to these bifurcations are presented in Sec. 3. An analogy between the bifurcation corresponding to the point of double homoclinic bifurcation and the point of double breaking saddle connection bifurcation is also presented in Sec. 3.

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6

Kumar, Navin, Surjit Angra, and Vinod Kumar Mittal. "Support Analysis of Horizontal Pressure Vessel Using FEA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1220.

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Saddles are used to support the horizontal pressure vessels such as boiler drums or tanks. Since saddle is an integral part of the vessel, it should be designed in such a way that it can withstand the pressure vessel load while carrying liquid along with the operating weight. This paper presents the stress analysis of saddle support of a horizontal pressure vessel. A model of horizontal pressure vessel and saddle is created in Ansys software. For the given boundry and loading conditions, stresses induced in the saddle support are analyzed using Ansys software. After analysis it is found that maximum localized stress arises at the saddle to vessel interface near the saddle horn area. The results obtained shows that the saddle support design is safe for the given loading conditions and provides the theoretical basis for furthur optimisation.

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7

Siqueira, Renata Farinelli de, Beatriz Moreira Andrioli, and Marina Juliani Baumhak. "Evaluation of two models of saddles on the back of Arabian horses through thermography." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 56, no. 4 (January 8, 2020): e159435. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2019.159435.

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Dorsopathies are common causes of decreased performance in athletic horses of various modalities, and inadequate or poorly adjusted saddles can lead to the onset of injuries and low back pain. The present study, searching to find the most appropriate saddle, evaluated the pressure determined from the panels of two saddle models most commonly used in endurance Arab horse on the thoracolumbar region. For the study, six Arabian geldings were used, weighing 390 ± 4.2 and 2.1 ± age 8 years, conditioned to endurance races, and two saddle models, English and Western. The horses were submitted to the work riding on a sandy lane by the same experienced rider who weighed 76 kg. Thermography was performed before and after each exercise session. The obtained data were analyzed through Student’s paired t-test at 5% of significance. After exercise, there was a mean temperature difference between the contact areas of the right and left of the sweepers of two saddles compared, with the English saddle showing higher temperatures. Therefore, the Western saddle model, which has wider panels, despite not being a preferred model of endure riders, has proved to be more suitable for Arabian horse work.

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8

Chian, A. C. L., W. M. Santana, E. L. Rempel, F. A. Borotto, T. Hada, and Y. Kamide. "Chaos in driven Alfvén systems: unstable periodic orbits and chaotic saddles." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 14, no. 1 (January 24, 2007): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-14-17-2007.

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Abstract. The chaotic dynamics of Alfvén waves in space plasmas governed by the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation, in the low-dimensional limit described by stationary spatial solutions, is studied. A bifurcation diagram is constructed, by varying the driver amplitude, to identify a number of nonlinear dynamical processes including saddle-node bifurcation, boundary crisis, and interior crisis. The roles played by unstable periodic orbits and chaotic saddles in these transitions are analyzed, and the conversion from a chaotic saddle to a chaotic attractor in these dynamical processes is demonstrated. In particular, the phenomenon of gap-filling in the chaotic transition from weak chaos to strong chaos via an interior crisis is investigated. A coupling unstable periodic orbit created by an explosion, within the gaps of the chaotic saddles embedded in a chaotic attractor following an interior crisis, is found numerically. The gap-filling unstable periodic orbits are responsible for coupling the banded chaotic saddle (BCS) to the surrounding chaotic saddle (SCS), leading to crisis-induced intermittency. The physical relevance of chaos for Alfvén intermittent turbulence observed in the solar wind is discussed.

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9

AWREJCEWICZ, J., C. H. LAMARQUE, and K. A. BROUGHAN. "GEOMETRY AND ORDER OF CHAOS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 09, no. 02 (February 1999): 327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127499000201.

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In the beginning a brief introduction to a symmetry increasing as well as to quantified geometrical structures of chaotic attractors have been given. Then, the research is focused on the Chossat–Golubitsky map. A saddle-node bifurcation on the boundary of the umbrella shape set of saddles, crises of two peculiar structures of saddles and an extremely high order of infinitely many flip and regular saddle orbits have been reported. The geometrical properties of hyperchaos and its relation to the Kakeya–Besicovitch and the Apollonian packing have been illustrated and discussed. A fractal organization of the successive periodic saddles and fractal normal forms have been described.

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10

HONG, LING, YINGWU ZHANG, and JUN JIANG. "A HYPERCHAOTIC CRISIS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20, no. 04 (April 2010): 1193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127410026393.

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A crisis is investigated in high dimensional chaotic systems by means of generalized cell mapping digraph (GCMD) method. The crisis happens when a hyperchaotic attractor collides with a chaotic saddle in its fractal boundary, and is called a hyperchaotic boundary crisis. In such a case, the hyperchaotic attractor together with its basin of attraction is suddenly destroyed as a control parameter passes through a critical value, leaving behind a hyperchaotic saddle in the place of the original hyperchaotic attractor in phase space after the crisis, namely, the hyperchaotic attractor is converted into an incremental portion of the hyperchaotic saddle after the collision. This hyperchaotic saddle is an invariant and nonattracting hyperchaotic set. In the hyperchaotic boundary crisis, the chaotic saddle in the boundary has a complicated pattern and plays an extremely important role. We also investigate the formation and evolution of the chaotic saddle in the fractal boundary, particularly concentrating on its discontinuous bifurcations (metamorphoses). We demonstrate that the saddle in the boundary undergoes an abrupt enlargement in its size by a collision between two saddles in basin interior and boundary. Two examples of such a hyperchaotic crisis are given in Kawakami map.

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11

FIEDLER, BERNOLD, and DMITRY TURAEV. "COALESCENCE OF REVERSIBLE HOMOCLINIC ORBITS CAUSES ELLIPTIC RESONANCE." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 06, no. 06 (June 1996): 1007–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127496000552.

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Reversible flows can possess a robust homoclinic orbit to a saddle equilibrium: the orbit is preserved under small perturbations that do not destroy the reversibility of the system. Such a homoclinic orbit is a limit of a unique one-parameter family of periodic orbits. All these orbits are saddles if the equilibrium state is a saddle. There are both saddle and elliptic periodic orbits in this family if the equilibrium state is a saddle-focus. In the present paper, we study the coalescence of two such homoclinic orbits in a one-parameter family of reversible flows. We show that, even in the case where all eigenvalues of the corresponding equilibrium are real, a family of elliptic periodic orbits arises at this bifurcation.

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12

Dantas, F. T. D. R., M. A. Duarte, J. C. B. Marins, and B. P. A. Fonseca. "Thermographic assessment of saddles used in Mangalarga Marchador horses." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 71, no. 4 (August 2019): 1165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10367.

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ABSTRACT Poor saddle-fitting is one of the main causes of back pain in horses. Mangalarga Marchador is a popular breed in Brazil, being used mainly for pleasure riding and sports. This study aimed to thermographically assess saddles used in horses of this breed. Thermographic images were obtained from 18 saddles of animals from different categories during a Mangalarga Marchador National Exposition. The evaluation was based on three parameters: contact area symmetry, dorsal midline interaction and total skin contact area (25%, 50%, 75% or 100%). Contact area asymmetry was observed in 83.3% of saddles. Dorsal midline interaction was observed with the same frequency. Only 22.2% of saddles assessed in the present study had panels with contact areas greater than 50%. Based on the results of this essay it can be concluded that thermography is a useful tool for the evaluation of saddle contact area with the back of horses and that there is a high frequency of fitting unconformities in saddles used in Mangalarga Marchador horses.

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13

Esteban, Marina, Enrique Ponce, and Francisco Torres. "Bifurcation Analysis of Hysteretic Systems with Saddle Dynamics." Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences 2, no. 2 (November 4, 2017): 449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21042/amns.2017.2.00036.

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AbstractThis paper is devoted to the analysis of bidimensional piecewise linear systems with hysteresis coming from a reduction of symmetric 3D systems with slow-fast dynamics. We concentrate our attention on the saddle dynamics cases, determining the existence of periodic orbits as well as their stability, and possible bifurcations. Dealing with reachable saddles not in the central hysteresis band, we show the existence of subcritical/supercritical heteroclinic bifurcations as well as saddle-node bifurcations of periodic orbits.

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14

Majia, Jidi. "Saddle." Manoa 30, no. 1 (2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2018.0031.

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15

Wegerer, Michael, Kenneth De Baets, and Dieter Korn. "Quantitative analysis of suture lines in Carboniferous ammonoids." Fossil Record 21, no. 2 (September 11, 2018): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-223-2018.

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Abstract. Two morphometric methods are applied and compared for the analysis of suture lines in Early Carboniferous ammonoids of the superfamilies Pericycloidea, Girtyoceratoidea and Goniatitoidea. We analysed (1) classic metric data (proportions of the width and depths or heights of lobes and saddles) using multivariate statistic methods and (2) outline data of the external lobe and the ventrolateral saddle of the same ammonoid taxa using the elliptic Fourier analysis. Both methods lead to similar results and simultaneously demonstrate ontogenetic and phylogenetic trends of these ammonoids. Our results are consistent with three previously suggested evolutionary patterns: (1) a general decrease of the amplitude of lobes and saddles, (2) a proportional widening of the external lobe and (3) a heightening of the median saddle.

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16

ZHAO, LIQIN, and XUEXING WANG. "SADDLE QUANTITIES AND CYCLICITY OF 2-POLYCYCLE." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 19, no. 04 (April 2009): 1255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127409023603.

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We study the bifurcation of limit cycles in the neighborhood of a 2-polycycle through two hyperbolic saddles with both hyperbolicity ratios being 1. The cyclicity is expressed as an explicit function of saddle quantities. Our results can be applied to the case when both connections are broken under perturbations.

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17

Gurevich, E. Ya, and D. A. Pavlova. "On embedding of invariant manifolds of the simplest Morse-Smale flows with heteroclinical intersections." Zhurnal Srednevolzhskogo Matematicheskogo Obshchestva 20, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2079-6900.20.201804.378-383.

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We study a structure of four-dimensional phase space decomposition on trajectories of Morse-Smale flows admitting heteroclinical intersections. More precisely, we consider a class G(S4) of Morse-Smale flows on the sphere S4 such that for any flow f∈G(S4) its non-wandering set consists of exactly four equilibria: source, sink and two saddles. Wandering set of such flows contains finite number of heteroclinical curves that belong to intersection of invariant manifolds of saddle equilibria. We describe a topology of embedding of saddle equilibria’s invariant manifolds; that is the first step in the solution of topological classification problem. In particular, we prove that the closures of invariant manifolds of saddle equlibria that do not contain heteroclinical curves are locally flat 2-sphere and closed curve. These manifolds are attractor and repeller of the flow. In set of orbits that belong to the basin of attraction or repulsion we construct a section that is homeomoprhic to the direct product S2×S1. We study a topology of intersection of saddle equlibria’s invariant manifolds with this section.

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18

Gráfik, Imre. "Hungarian Saddle - Tiszafüred Saddle - Eastern Cultural Heritage." Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 50, no. 1-3 (March 2005): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aethn.50.2005.1-3.1.

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19

Chen, Yung Yuan, and Yong Ju Jang. "Refinements in Saddle Nose Reconstruction." Facial Plastic Surgery 34, no. 04 (July 24, 2018): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660824.

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AbstractSaddle nose correction remains a challenging procedure for rhinoplasty surgeons due to both aesthetic and functional issues. The most common causes of saddle nose are nasal trauma and prior septal surgery, and a defective relationship between the caudal septum and the anterior septal spine is the principal postoperative pathology. The authors propose their own classification system for saddle nose with one new category and several approaches to deal with this condition in accordance with the level of severity. They strongly advocate major septal reconstruction for most cases of saddle nose, either by placing extended spreader grafts, caudal extension grafts, or a new extracorporeally made L strut. For extreme cases, integrated dorsal implant with columellar strut can successfully bypass the saddled nasal dorsum without dissecting the septal mucoperichondrial pocket and achieve adequate dorsal height. Further dorsal augmentation can be achieved by applying side/gap grafts or dorsal onlay grafts in different forms. In cases with retracted columella, a premaxillary plumping graft is another useful technique. Finally, in autoimmune-related saddling patients, the evidence indicates that their aesthetic problems can be managed safely with surgery as long as the disease is well under control.

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20

FREEMAN, MARY C., BYRON J. FREEMAN, NOEL M. BURKHEAD, and CARRIE A. STRAIGHT. "A new species of Percina (Perciformes: Percidae) from the Apalachicola River drainage, southeastern United States." Zootaxa 1963, no. 1 (December 15, 2008): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1963.1.2.

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Percina crypta, the Halloween Darter, is described as a new species endemic to the Chattahoochee and Flint River systems in Georgia and Alabama. Percina crypta differs from sympatric Percina nigrofasciata in having narrowly separated dorsal saddles (inter-saddle spaces typically less than or equal to saddle width, compared to frequently wider than saddle width in P. nigrofasciata), in usually possessing a single modified scale between the pelvic bases (compared to two or more in P. nigrofasciata), and in having dark wide bands on pectoral-fin rays (versus pectoral fin clear, or with irregular dark marks or weak tessellations on fin rays in P. nigrofasciata). Phylogenetic relationships of P. crypta to other species of Percina are obscure. Percina crypta occurs in shoal and riffle habitats in the Chattahoochee and Flint River mainstems and in a few tributary systems, with the known extant range comprising four disjunct areas separated by mainstem impoundments and altered river reaches.

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21

Chicarilli, Z. N., H. K. Watson, R. Linberg, and G. Sasaki. "Saddle deformity." Journal of Hand Surgery 11, no. 2 (March 1986): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-5023(86)80053-3.

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22

Miller, Robert M. "Under saddle." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 18, no. 5 (May 1998): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0737-0806(98)80519-4.

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23

Valesini, Guido, Roberta Priori, and Fabrizio Conti. "Saddle Nose." New England Journal of Medicine 333, no. 8 (August 24, 1995): 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199508243330820.

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24

Landry, Donna. "Saddle Time." Criticism 46, no. 3 (2004): 441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/crt.2005.0008.

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25

Dai, Yanfei, and Yulin Zhao. "Hopf Cyclicity and Global Dynamics for a Predator–Prey System of Leslie Type with Simplified Holling Type IV Functional Response." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 28, no. 13 (December 12, 2018): 1850166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127418501663.

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This paper is concerned with a predator–prey model of Leslie type with simplified Holling type IV functional response, provided that it has either a unique nondegenerate positive equilibrium or three distinct positive equilibria. The type and stability of each equilibrium, Hopf cyclicity of each weak focus, and the number and distribution of limit cycles in the first quadrant are studied. It is shown that every equilibrium is not a center. If the system has a unique positive equilibrium which is a weak focus, then its order is at most [Formula: see text] and it has Hopf cyclicity [Formula: see text]. Moreover, some explicit conditions for the global stability of the unique equilibrium are established by applying Dulac’s criterion and constructing the Lyapunov function. If the system has three distinct positive equilibria, then one of them is a saddle and the others are both anti-saddles. For two anti-saddles, we prove that the Hopf cyclicity for the anti-saddle with smaller abscissa (resp., bigger abscissa) is [Formula: see text] (resp., [Formula: see text]). Furthermore, if both anti-saddle positive equilibria are weak foci, then they are unstable weak foci of order one. Moreover, one limit cycle can bifurcate from each of them simultaneously. Numerical simulations show that there is also a big stable limit cycle enclosing these two small limit cycles.

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26

REMPEL, E. L., and A. C. L. CHIAN. "ALFVÉN CHAOTIC SADDLES." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 14, no. 11 (November 2004): 4009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127404011673.

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We examine the dynamical roles of nonattracting chaotic sets known as chaotic saddles in an Alfvén wave system described by the driven-dissipative derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation. These Alfvén chaotic saddles have gaps which are filled at the onset of chaos via a saddle-node bifurcation and at a chaotic transition via an interior crisis. It is shown that after an interior crisis an Alfvén chaotic attractor consists of two chaotic saddles connected by a set of coupling unstable periodic orbits.

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27

Liu, Xiao-Ming, Jun Jiang, Ling Hong, and Dafeng Tang. "Wada boundary bifurcations induced by boundary saddle–saddle collision." Physics Letters A 383, no. 2-3 (January 2019): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2018.10.023.

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28

Kalia, Manu, Yuri A. Kuznetsov, and Hil G. E. Meijer. "Homoclinic saddle to saddle-focus transitions in 4D systems." Nonlinearity 32, no. 6 (May 3, 2019): 2024–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/ab0041.

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29

Afaneh, F., R. Dörner, L. Schmidt, Th Weber, K. E. Stiebing, O. Jagutzki, and H. Schmidt-Böcking. "Must saddle point electrons always ride on the saddle?" Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 35, no. 11 (May 24, 2002): L229—L235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/35/11/102.

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30

Tan, K. K., J. Yu, and X. Z. Yuan. "Note on ε-saddle point and saddle point theorems." Acta Mathematica Hungarica 65, no. 4 (December 1994): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01876041.

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31

Yang, Qi Jun, Shu Xian Zheng, and Jia Li. "Customized Saddle Design Method Based on Cubic B-Spline Surface." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.151.

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Aimed to the comfort demand of people for the high-end bicycle saddle, a parametric design method of customized saddle is presented based on the Cubic B-spline theory. According to the relationship between Cubic B-spline control points and the saddle shape, the outer contour control points is determined firstly, then all control point positions on the saddle surface are calculated by these outer contour control points, and the parameterized model of the customized saddle is built and its overall surface is designed. On this basis, a more reasonable saddle surface is obtained by adjusting the control points. Finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out on customized saddle and common bicycle saddle respectively. Their stress distributions comparison result shows that customized saddle can minimize pressure to the anterior perineum and ischial tuberosity effectively. These verify that the saddle customized design method is feasible.

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32

Jung, Woo Tai, Jong Sup Park, and Young Hwan Park. "An Experimental Study on the Flexural Behavior of Post-Tensioned Concrete Beams with CFRP Tendons." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.717.

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The exploitation of FRP tendon necessitates not only to improve the performances of the FRP tendon and anchoring device but also to examine its structural performances by applying it to various structures like concrete structures. This study applies CFRP tendon on internally and externally post-tensioned concrete specimens so as to observe their flexural performance considering the number of tendons and jacking force as test variables. The tests show that the externally post-tensioned specimens undergo lesser cracks with wider distribution of the cracks than the internally post-tensioned specimens with similar jacking force. In addition, the externally post-tensioned specimens with larger number of saddles experience smaller number of cracks with larger distribution. The specimens without saddle and the internally post-tensioned specimens with the same jacking force exhibit similar behavior until the yielding of the reinforcement to show different behaviors from the time at which the eccentricities of the tendons start to vary after yielding. The externally post-tensioned specimens with saddle provide increased crack load compared to the specimens without saddle, with an increase of approximately 25% of the ultimate load.

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33

Soheyli, Saeed, Morteza Khalil Khalili, and Ghazaaleh Ashrafi. "Pre-saddle and pre-scission neutron emission rates in heavy-ion induced fission of 16O +208Pb and 16O +209Bi systems." International Journal of Modern Physics E 28, no. 03 (March 2019): 1950013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301319500137.

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Whereas there is a slight information on the pre-saddle neutron emission rate and neutron multiplicity, as well as it is impossible to separate the pre-saddle and saddle to scission neutron contributions experimentally, the theoretical studies of pre-saddle neutron emission rate and neutron multiplicity are of great importance. In the present work, the calculations of pre-saddle neutron multiplicity are performed using the analysis of fission fragment angular anisotropy data for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] reaction systems. The obtained results show that the pre-saddle neutron multiplicity decreases by increasing the initial excitation energy and it has found to be characterized by a nonlinear behavior. Through the analysis of pre-saddle neutron multiplicity and pre-saddle transition time by means of the neutron clock method, the pre-saddle neutron emission rate is calculated for the first time. The findings of this study show that the pre-scission neutron emission rate is lower than the pre-saddle neutron emission rate.

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34

Shum, Dorothy, and Ney M. Gore. "Saddle Pulmonary Embolus." Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 115, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2015.069.

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35

Paria, Radhashyam, Smarajit Surroy, Mousumi Majumder, Baishakhi Paria, Soma Sengupta, and Anshuman Paria. "Sacral Saddle Block." IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 13, no. 4 (2014): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0853-13463940.

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36

Smith, Brian, Raymond Smith, Fergus A. D'Arcy, and Jane Ridley. "Boot and Saddle." Books Ireland, no. 151 (1991): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20626450.

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37

Stuzin, James M., and Henry K. Kawamoto. "Saddle Nasal Deformity." Clinics in Plastic Surgery 15, no. 1 (January 1988): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-1298(20)31467-x.

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38

Schechter, Martin. "Saddle point techniques." Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 63, no. 5-7 (November 2005): 699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2005.02.088.

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39

Deepanjali, S., R. P. Swaminathan, C. Bammigatti, S. Arunkumar, N. Balamurugan, B. Karthikeyan, and A. Ramesh. "Saddle pulmonary thromboembolism." QJM 107, no. 7 (November 12, 2013): 581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hct226.

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40

Zuniga, S. M., and A. A. Rabinstein. "Cardiac saddle embolus." Neurology 65, no. 1 (July 11, 2005): E1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wn1.0000173359.07603.91.

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41

Eaton, L. "Saddle up, partner." BMJ 326, no. 7402 (June 12, 2003): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7402.1275.

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42

Kravetz, Robert E. "Doctor's saddle bag." American Journal of Gastroenterology 97, no. 10 (October 2002): 2663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.06073.x.

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43

Ha, Jong-Won, Namsik Chung, Byung-Chul Chang, Do-Yun Lee, and Seung-Yun Cho. "Aortic saddle embolism." Clinical Cardiology 22, no. 3 (March 1999): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960220314.

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44

Kuznetsov, Yuri. "Saddle-node bifurcation." Scholarpedia 1, no. 10 (2006): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.1859.

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45

Yang, Bing. "Safety on Saddle." Management and Organization Review 10, no. 1 (March 2014): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/more.12051.

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46

Dafotakis, M., I. G. Meister, R. Sparing, and G. R. Fink. "The saddle sign." Internal Medicine Journal 39, no. 6 (June 2009): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01946.x.

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47

Chauhan, Sandeep, and Sanjay D'Cruz. "Saddle Nose Deformity." New England Journal of Medicine 356, no. 26 (June 28, 2007): 2720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmicm063822.

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48

McLaren, Glen, and William Cooper. "The saddle ‐ horse." Journal of Australian Studies 20, no. 49 (January 1996): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443059609391739.

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49

Jandial, A., K. Mishra, S. Kumar, and P. Malhotra. "Pulmonary saddle thrombus." QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 111, no. 12 (June 26, 2018): 907–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcy143.

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50

Radzik, T. "Saddle point theorems." International Journal of Game Theory 20, no. 1 (March 1991): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01240564.

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