Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae – Cultures cellulaires'
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Chekireb, Djamel. "Culture de S. Cerevisiae à fortes concentrations cellulaires." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI048.
Full textAldiguier, Anne-Sophie. "Activité bio-catalytique en haute densité cellulaire de Saccharomyces cerevesiae pour l'intensification de la production de bio-éthanol." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAT0006.
Full textThe study aims to quantify the dynamic behaviour of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 in high cell density conditions to improve microbial production taking into account defined industrial criteria (titre, productivity and yield). We developed a Two-stage Bioreactor with Cell Recycling (TBCR) to have independent controls on the cell concentration, the environment and the physiological state of the yeast. The bioprocess originality in the management of the microbial activity by the use of a recycle loop beetween the two stages. The influence of very high cell density (up to 223 gdw. L-1) was quantified on both biological and physical phenomena using macroscopic, microscopic, physico-mechanical and physico-chemical analysis in continuous steady state cultures. Considering the active part of the biomass, no biomass inhibition was shown on both growth and production kinetics. . . Total cell concentration impacts were identified and quantified at a cellular level (elementary composition, intracellular water content and cell volume) and at a physico-mechanical leved (rheology). We experimentally demonstrated the pertinence of the TBCR application to intensive bio-ethanol production according to industrial criteria such as ethanol concentration and yield to perform one of best international high bio-ethanol productivity (41 kg. M-3. H-1)
Maligoy, Mathieu. "Analyse post-génomique des interactions cellulaires dans des écosystèmes modèles." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000231/.
Full textThierie, Jacques. "Théorie et applications des systèmes polyphasiques dispersés aux cultures cellulaires en chémostat." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211011.
Full textDans l’énorme majorité des cas, lorsque les cellules (procaryotes ou eucaryotes) mises en jeu dans ces systèmes sont en suspension, le formalisme de ces modèles non structurés traite le système comme s’il était homogène. Or, en toute rigueur, il est clair que cette approche n’est qu’une approximation et que nous avons à faire à des phénomènes hétérogènes, formés de plusieurs phases (solide, liquide, gazeuse) intimement mélangées. Nous désignons ces systèmes comme « polyphasiques dispersés » (SPD). Ce sont des systèmes thermodynami-quement instables, (presque) toujours ouverts.
La démarche que nous avons entreprise consiste à examiner si le fait de considérer des systèmes dits « homogènes » comme des systèmes hétérogènes (ce qu’ils sont en réalité) apporte, malgré une complication du traitement mathématique, un complément d’information significatif et pertinent.
La démarche s’est faite en deux temps :
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Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie moléculaire
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Plourde, Owobi Lucile. "Recherche sur les fonctions des reserves de carbone (trehalose et glycogene) dans la dynamique cellulaire de la levure saccharomyces cerevisiae." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0015.
Full textYammine, Marie. "Caractérisation glycoprotéomique des mannoprotéines de la paroi cellulaire de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae : comparaison des parois natives et après fractionnement industriel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR067.
Full textYeast cell wall is the outermost organelle of the yeast cell. It composed of an inner layer of polysaccharides, consisting of β-glucans mostly cross-linked to a minor amount of chitin, and to which are linked mannoproteins by covalent or non-covalent bonds. Mannoproteins form the outer layer of the yeast cell wall and are considered as its second most abundant component. Yeast cell wall mannoproteins are proteins that are highly mannosylated by short simple O-glycans and by large complex N-glycans. They have particular functional properties and exceptional nutritional value related to their molecular structure, but have been little investigated. This work aims to study yeast cell wall mannoproteins at the molecular level by different techniques based on high resolution mass spectrometry.The mannoproteins were extracted by physical, chemical methods eventually coupled to enzymatic methods from the reference strain S288C grown in different modes in bioreactors in the presence of a culture medium, or from industrial yeast samples, or from already fractionated industrial yeast products. These mannoproteins were then O- and N-deglycosylated chemically or enzymatically. The resulting peptides were analyzed by nanoESI-LC-MS/MS. Bioinformatics analysis of these data allowed the identification and quantification of mannoproteins using Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C reference strain database. The deglycosylation of the peptides was also verified. Gene ontology analysis was then performed to determine the subcellular location of the identified proteins. The O- and N-glycans were chemically derivatized by a reductive amination reaction and then analyzed by µESI-LC-MS and capillary electrophoresis respectively.This work allowed us to compare different methods of extraction of mannoproteins from the yeast cell wall. These different methods result in qualitative or quantitative enrichment of different types of mannoproteins and in the presence of other proteins mainly annotated as being related to organelle membranes (especially mitochondrial and nuclear). Further purification of wall isolates was applied to reduce the number of these non-cell wall proteins. The development of an enzymatic N-deglycosylation protocol using a one-pot method without sample transfer allowed an increase in the coverage of identified mannoproteins. Using other enzymes, the same protocol allows a gentle O-deglycosylation but degrades O-glycans into monosaccharides. Enzymatic N-deglycosylation combined to chemical O-deglycosylation allows the simultaneous isolation of O- and N-glycans from mannoproteins, allowing their subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis after chemical derivatization with appropriate labels by reductive amination reaction. The protein profiles differ qualitatively and quantitatively according to the growth phase and culture mode. We identified some of their protein markers, which are markers of glucose deprivation expressed in the stationary growth phase of batch and fed batch culture.This glycoproteomic approach was also applied to the glycoproteomic and peptidomic characterization of products generated by different industrial processing methods, intended for commercial use, allowing to decipher their complex nature in terms of composition and structure
Tchalikian, Aurélie. "Caractérisation des protéines cellulaires interagissant avec l'intégrase du rétrotransposon Ty1 chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077006.
Full textIntegration is an essential step in the retrovirus life cycle and is catalyzed by the retroviral integrase (IN). It does not occur randomly throughout the host-cell genome but presents a pattern of preferred sites that is specific to each element. A common targeting mechanism has been proposed, based on the interaction of IN with cellular factors bound at preferential insertion sites. The Tyl LTR-retrotransposon of S. Cerevisiae is analogous to retroviruses in its structure and mode of replication. Tyl integrates in a window of one kilobase upstream of RNA polymerase III (Pol III)-transcribed genes. Tyl preference depends both on the chromatin structure and Pol III transcription. The aim of this work was to identify cellular cofactors of Tyl IN and to elucidate their role in Tyl integration. We discovered an interaction between Tyl IN and AC40, a subunit of Pol III in a two-hybrid screen, suggesting that AC40 could be involved in the selectivity of Tyl integration. We confirmed the interaction between the proteins and showed that the C-terminus part of IN is necessary and sufficient. The frequency of integration is not affected by the loss of interaction, suggesting that it may be involved in the selectivity of integration rather than the efficiency. We also identified Upc2 and Srl2 as Tyl IN interacting proteins and showed that the frequency of integration decreases two-fold in their absence, indicating that these proteins may also play a role in Tyl mobility
Zhang, Jing. "Development of Chlorella vulgaris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in immobilized cultures." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC034.
Full textChlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) is a model organism that has high commercial potential in the food and energy field, with proved feasibility of cultures as biofilms and yeast/ microalgae co-culture for in situ CO2 mitigation in biotechnological processes. This PhD work focuses on immobilized colonies in pure or mixed cultures. It proposes a better understanding of the interactions within and between colonies, with the ultimate goal of understanding and optimizing co-cultures.To archive these goals, a comprehensive protocol and required innovative experimental devices were developed including inoculation techniques, immobilized culture devices with gas sensors, 3-D imaging using a structured-light microscope, image processing, calibrated gas balance equation and data analysis. Care was also taken regarding incubation conditions, determination of dry mass, glucose concentration, cell size and density.Firstly, the development of single C. vulgaris colonies under heterotrophic conditions was studied. Based on the biological model proposed for the growth dynamics in height and radius, we concluded that the colonies expanded at a constant rate in the horizontal direction and a decreasing rate in the vertical direction. The trends are consistent with the cumulative effects of glucose and oxygen availability. A spherical cap best describes the shape of the colonies during the growth period. The intraspecies interaction of C. vulgaris was investigated by growing several colonies on the same plate with different initial separation distances: 1.5 mm, 3mm, and 15 mm. No significant effects of colony merging were observed on the growth rates in radius and height.Then, the effect of light was tested in two ways: presence of light throughout the culture and exposition to light after a first, purely heterotrophic, period. The shape of colony is significantly affected by the cultivation mode: the heterotrophic growth colony keeps a spherical cap, while the mixotrophic growth colony reaches a cylindrical shape, due to a radial growth almost completely stopped after some days. Thanks to the gas measurement device, the raw data were analyzed using a gas balance equation to obtain the biological source terms of O2 and CO2. Gas yield (mass ratio of gas to dry mass of cell) are proposed for the different growth conditions. A synergy is highlighted between photosynthesis at the top of the colony and heterotrophy at the base.The interspecies interaction of C. vulgaris and S. cerevisiae were studied at two levels: cell-cell level within the same colony and colony-colony level. At the colony-colony level, colonies of C. vulgaris and S. cerevisiae were inoculated with two different initial separation distances (3 mm and 15 mm). Colonies were observed continuously for one month. Even though additional investigation is needed, the observed growth and interaction seems to be mostly explained by the much larger growth rate of yeast. After merging S. cerevisiae colonies eventually envelop C. vulgaris colonies. At the cell-cell level, C. vulgaris and S. cerevisiae intermixed colonies were observed in 3D. Due to its fast grow, S. cerevisiae cells eventually dominate the whole colony, at the exception of some C. vulgaris cells present in the core of the colony and on the top. C. vulgaris cells almost stop growing when the nutrients are limited
Crapeau, Myriam. "Facteurs cellulaires déterminant la propagation du prion [URE3] dans la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21728/document.
Full textA prion protein can adopt two distinct conformations, one cellular and one prion. Prion conformation is the result of its aggregation into amyloid fibers. This fiber is the support of the prion information from which the cellular isoforms are converted into prion form by autocatalytic manner. The prion information transmission is therefore based on the transmission of this fiber during cell division, which is done by small polymers. These are the result of a balance between fragmentation and polymerization of the fiber. A disturbance of this balance causes a massive aggregation of the prion protein, leading to the prion information loss.The objective of my thesis was to understand what defined in vivo the prion transmission. My studying model was the Ure2p protein propagating the [URE3] prion in S. cerevisiae yeast. I showed that the Ure2p cellular concentration determined the aggregation speed of the prion protein and thus its transmission efficiency. Indeed, too high cellular concentrations are incompatible with the prion propagation. The cellular concentration of Ure2p also defines the prion strains diversity. A genetic screen allowed me to highlight that the presence of centrometric supernumerary sequences in the cell interferes with the [URE3] prion transmission. The same phenomenon is observed with an increase in the cell ploidy. In both cases, overexpression of the Hsp104 chaperone restores normal prion propagation
Portell, Canal Xavier. "Individual-based observations and individual-based simulations to study Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284741.
Full textEl Saccharomyces cerevisiae és un dels llevats que gaudeix de més significació econòmica, social i per a la salut humana. Depenent de les condicions experimentades, el llevat S. cerevisiae pot créixer mitjançant un metabolisme fermentatiu, respiratori o respirofermentatiu. La formació de cicatrius, una divisió desigual, una vida replicativa limitada i un increment de la mida de la cèl.lula amb l’edat replicativa són característiques individuals d’aquest llevat que afecten el comportament dels bioprocessos. Aquestes característiques incrementen la complexitat dels models predictius i dificulten, per tant, la seva inclusió en un model continu de manera realista. No obstant això, un model basat en l’individu sí que és capaç d’acomodar tota aquesta complexitat en un únic model computacional. Una vegada implementat, un model basat en l’individu ha de ser parametritzat, calibrat i la seva adequació ha de ser avaluada. Tots aquests processos requereixen idealment un gran nombre d’observacions experimentals, tant individuals com a nivell del sistema estudiat. L’objectiu general de la tesi present és avançar en el desenvolupament d’una metodologia basada en l’individu per estudiar sistemes microbians conduïts pel llevat S. cerevisiae. Primerament s’avalua l’adequació de INDISIM-YEAST, un model basat en l’individu, ja existent, focalitzat en un llevat genèric. Es verifica i s’avalua la diversitat del S. cerevisiae en observacions experimentals orientades a l’individu en diferents condicions de creixement i en diversos estadis de la corba de creixement de la població. Això permet obtenir observacions basades en l’individu molt valuoses a l’hora de donar suport a la metodologia desitjada. Es desenvolupa i s’implementa en Fortran 90 INDISIM-Saccha, un model quantitatiu basat en l’individu i focalitzat en el creixement fermentatiu (anaerobi) del S. cerevisiae. El model desenvolupat és parametritzat, calibrat, la seva adequació és avaluada i és utilitzat per estudiar in silico la producció d’etanol mitjançant experiments virtuals. El procés de calibratge, l’obtenció i l’anàlisi de les dades dels experiments virtuals s’han realitzat utilitzant el programari estadístic R. L’adequació del model s’avalua testejant diferents prediccions del model a nivell de sistema (corbes de disminució de la glucosa i de creixement de la població) i a nivell de la cèllula individual (evolucions temporals de la fracció de cèl.lules gemades, de la distribució d’edats genealògiques i de la distribució dels diàmetres cel.lulars). Les observacions del diàmetre de les cèl.lules individuals obtingudes a la tesi present juguen un paper significatiu en aquesta avaluació. Els resultats dels experiments virtuals suggereixen que les diferències en la distribució de mides cel.lulars poden afectar dràsticament l’evolució i la productivitat de les fermentacions i suggereixen una caracterització rutinària de l’inòcul a la indústria biotecnològica. L’INDISIM-Saccha també és adaptat per tenir en compte el creixement aeròbic del S. cerevisiae i és contrastat mitjançant dos assajos experimentals amb dos nivells d’oxigen al medi. Els resultats preliminars de la simulació denoten que aquesta aproximació també té el potencial de reproduir cultius discontinus aerobis del S. cerevisiae. Això representa un pas endavant cap a l’obtenció d’un model basat en l’individu que tingui en compte tot el conjunt d’alternatives metabòliques experimentades pel S. cerevisiae. Finalment, aquesta tesi també dissenya i implementa INDISIM-YEAST-NL en l’ambient de programació lliure anomenat NetLogo per tal de comunicar de manera eficient, d’incrementar l’accessibilitat i d’afavorir l’ús de la metodologia INDISIM-Saccha. La implementació d’aquest model simplificat amb NetLogo posa les bases per a una comprensió més alta de la metodologia desenvolupada, i dels models microbians basats en l’individu en general, i facilitarà futures interaccions amb usuaris potencials de l’INDISIM-Saccha.
Huynh, Ngoc Thanh Tam. "Contribution à la caractérisation de Saccharomyces cerevisiae en vue de la bio-protection de cultures photoautotrophiques." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT2094.
Full textThe control of the microbiological environment in microalgae cultures within photobioreactors (PBR) is required to ensure reliable bio-transformations efficiencies and product quality. The aim of this thesis work was to test the feasibility of a bio-protection process, consisting in culture of microalgae in presence of probiotic microorganisms. Thus, this study has shown the sensitivity to visible light of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4743 after its transfer to the mineral medium BGII and its capacity for photoadaptation after pre-acclimation to light in diluted YTG medium. The best survival rates were, however, obtained with a variant strain BY4743-P6 isolated from pre-incubated suspension in the PBR and characterized its pigmentation and the antioxidant activity of its extracts. The release of dissolved organic matter by axenic cultures of Chlorella sorokiniana under photoautotrophic conditions supported the growth of yeast and several species of bacteria. The presence of S. Cerevisiae BY4743-P6 in controlled populations ratios had no significant effect on the growth kinetics of C. Sorokiniana cultures. The study has shown that the yeast S. Cerevisiae BY4743- P6 could prevent the growth of bacterial contaminants such as Micrococcus luteus. Thus, the acquired experimental data tend to show the feasibility of a bio-protection process of microalgae cultures by preventive addition of previously conditioned yeast
Brou, Paul René. "Modélisation de cultures mixtes de levures pour leur mise en oeuvre optimale dans les bioprocédés." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0085/document.
Full textThe potentialities associated with cultures of mixed micro-organisms are tremendous and offergreat opportunities for innovation in bioprocesses. The phenomena regulating the physiology of asingle micro-organism are complicated. Furthermore, the eventual additional interactions between two micro-organisms make their implementation in mixed culture difficult to control. The workpresented in this manuscript is a study of a couple of oenological yeasts composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii. Its objective is to acquire experimentaldata in order to analyse and ultimately model the evolution of pure and mixed cultures. The analysis of experimental data acquired during the pure cultures of each yeast enable to quantifythe favorable effect of the initial concentration of assimilable nitrogen on the growth and fermentation rate of the two yeasts. It also shows an extended latency phase of T. delbrueckiiinduced by an increase in anaerobic factors. The mixed cultures were carried out in the presenceand absence of separation membrane in order to observe the effects of physical contact on theevolution of cocultures. Physical contact influences population dynamics. In mixed culture, S.cerevisiae dominates T. delbrueckii in a classical synthetic medium. An increase in the initialconcentration of anaerobic factors completely reverses this domination. The analysis of the experimental results has directed us towards the development of a structured stochiometric andkinetic model in which the nitrogen assimilated by the yeast is partitioned into two compartments:the constitutive compartment and the storage compartment. This model faithfully represents thekinetics observed in pure culture. The consideration of interactions was done by integrating competition for substrates, indirect interactions and direct interactions. All the hypotheses emitted during this modelling work underline the need to deepen the scientific knowledge concerning T.delbrueckii metabolism under strict anaerobic conditions and the effect of anaerobic factors onmicrobial interactions
Barkova, Anastasia. "Identification de facteurs cellulaires régulant la rétrotransposition de Ty1 chez S. cerevisiae." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/BARKOVA_Anastasia_2_complete_20190927.pdf.
Full textTransposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences, with the extraordinary ability to jump and propagate in genomes. Discovered in the 1940s in maize, they are present in all sequenced genomes. Even if a large amount of data reveals their role in evolution, function and structure of genomes, we are still far from understanding every facet of their biological impact on organisms. TEs are not distributed randomly, partly due to mechanisms that target the integration to preferred genomic regions. This is the case for Ty1, a retrotransposon of S. cerevisiae, that targets a one-kilobase window upstream of RNA Polymerase III (Pol III)-transcribed genes. This specificity is due to an interaction between the element-encoded integrase and AC40, a subunit of Pol III. When this interaction is disrupted, Ty1 insertions are redistributed to subtelomeres, which suggests that other factors that regulate the integration selectivity of the retrotransposon exist. The aim of this work was to determine those factors by two complementary approaches. First, we studied the implication in this process of histone variants that correlate with Ty1 integration sites. Second, we identified new partners of Ty1 integrase by a proteomic screen. Our results did not lead us to identifying new cellular factors involved in the recognition of Ty1 integration site. They however widened the array of host proteins that regulate Ty1 retrotransposition. Indeed, we found that the histone variant H2A.Z and the protein kinase CK2 repress Ty1 retrotransposition. CK2 acts at transcriptional and post-transcriptional steps, interacts with the integrase in vivo and phosphorylates it in vitro on several residues in the C-terminal domain, probably thereby regulating its stability. Additional experiments will be required to confirm this hypothesis, to discover by which mechanisms CK2 regulates Ty1, and to understand the role of H2A.Z
Mouret, Jean-Roch. "Modulation de la transition respiro-fermentaire chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae par l'oléate : analyse cinétique et métabolique en culture continue sur substrats mixtes." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAT0008.
Full textThis work aims to study the respiro-fermentative transition in Saccharomcyces cerevisiae and to determine the controlling step(s) involved in this process, by using an original approach of microbiological engineering based on co-substrate chemostat cultivations. Based on the literature analysis, we focused our work on investigating the importance of the carbon transport from cytosol to michondria in the onset of the metabolic shift. To determine whether this transport exerts a control on the metabolic change, a strategy was implemented consisting in introducing, during oxidative glucose limited chemostat, a specific metabolic perturbation ( addition of co-substrate, genetic modification) and in analysing the consequences of such a perturbation on the studied metabolic event. The oleic acid was one of the co-substrates tested in this work; this fatty acid is indeed know to simulte enzymes implied in the carbon transport between the different cell compartments. The metabolic transition was then studied in sole glucose chemostat and in glucose/oleic acid chemostat. In the presence of oleic acid, a delay in the onset of the metabolic shift and a redirection of the carbon flux from the reductive pathway were observed. This important result shows a modulation in the respiro -fermentative transition in presence of oleic acid and constitutes one of the few success reported in the literature of reduction in the Crabtree effect. The action of the oleic acid was further investigated and discussed throughout this work
Lai, Quoc Phong. "Utilisation de levures non Saccharomyces en œnologie : études des interactions entre Torulaspora delbrueckii et Saccharomyces cerevisiae en cultures mixtes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0078/document.
Full textThe use of the selected yeast strains to realize the alcoholic fermentation is very prevalent practice in vinification. After the development of utilization of the preparation of pure Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, the innovation is now to apply the mixte starter cultures of Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces that allow to diversifying the obtained final products. The problem resides in the existence of interactions between the strains giving the difficulty to controle the fermentation. Torulaspora delbrueckii present in the indigenous flora of the grape must is one of the most appropriate non-Saccharomyces yeasts to enter in the composition of these multistater cultures. In fact, this strain has been presented a good fermentative capacity and could allow to increasing not only the aromatic complexity of wine, but also to reducing its volatile acidity. The objective of our work is to study the interactions during the alcoholic fermentation between the selected strains for enology: one T. delbrueckii and one S. cerevisiae. For this reason, the experiments were realized in the synthetic mediums simulated to the white grape must. The behaviours of the pure strains were firstly characterized. It was shown that the S. cerevisiae strain had the best fermentative performances, a critical point in comparaison with the T. delbrueckii strain. Nevetheless, T. delbrueckii showed the acceptable capacities to exhaust the sugars and especially to allow us to obtain the different aromatic profiles to that of S. cerevisiae. The behaviour via the oxygenation to the musts of these two yeasts is enough close, T. delbrueckii being however much more sensible to that parameter than . cerevisiae. The interactions between these two yeasts were then studied in a membrane bioreacteur under strict anaerobie in different conditions: composition in assimilable nitrogen of the medium and strategy of inoculation. It has been clearly demonstrated that T. delbrueckii has been affected by the presence of S. cerevisiae. The suspected type of this interaction is the amensalism one bound to a toxic compound excreted by S. cerevisiae. In these conditions, the recommended inoculation strategy is the sequential culture of these yeasts: T. delbrueckii at the beginning of the fermentation, then the addition of S. cerevisiae after 48 h. This allows T. delbrueckii to develop and express its potentiel of aromatic production before the S. cerevisiae is introduced to assure a rapid finish of the fermentation. However, we showed that even in these conditions, T. delbrueckii growth has been not guaranteed because of, since the must is not sterilized, a presence even small of S. cerevisiae in the natural flore can inhibite the croissance of the former. It has been also demonstrated that in the must with low intitial nitrogen content, this compound could be exhausted at the moment of the S. cerevisiae inoculation. In these conditions, S. cerevisiae can not develop and the achievement of the fermentation is yet problematic
Martin-Yken, Hélène. "Etude des mecanismes moleculaires et cellulaires impliques dans l'assemblage de la paroi chez la levure saccharomyces cerevisiae." Toulouse, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAT0011.
Full textCarré, Vincent. "Action photodynamique de porphyrines de synthèse sur des modèles cellulaires." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0002.
Full textNehme, Nancy. "Étude des interactions entre Saccharomyces cerevisiae et Oenococcus oeni : impact sur la réalisation de la fermentation malolactique en cultures séquentielles et mixtes." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000634/.
Full textA good control of malolactic fermentation (MLF) during vinification, implies first to study the different kinds of interactions which may occur between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Oenococcus oeni strains, second to identify the molecules responsible of these interactions and third to define the pertinent way of running the process notably in what concerns the inoculation of these strains. In this work, we have tested several yeast-bacteria couples by applying two different inoculation strategies: the sequential fermentation and the co-culture, using synthetic liquid media which composition simulates natural ones. While during the sequential fermentations, the lactic acid bacteria were inoculated at the end of the alcoholic fermentation; both yeasts and bacteria were inoculated simultaneously during the co-culture. The sequential fermentations allowed us to quantify the inhibition or stimulation of the MLF depending on the choice of the strains within a couple. We have also showed that the inhibition of MLF can be partially due to inhibitory peptides in addition to some classical inhibitory molecules already described. The partial characterization of two inhibitory peptides synthesized by two yeast strains was carried out in this work. This factor has not been intensively investigated till now. As an alternative for sequential fermentations, co-cultures of certain couples were carried out in a membrane bioreactor which advantage was to keep the strains physically separated while the medium was homogenous. For certain couples, the co-culture strategy improved the MLF output without a risk of deviation. Results show that the choice of a yeast-bacteria couple constitutes an important criterion for the success of MLF. The co-culture can be interesting for certain couples. However, a positive interaction was observed with other couples in the case of sequential fermentation. Therefore, this classical strategy has to be maintained
Nehme, Nancy Taillandier Patricia Mathieu Florence. "Étude des interactions entre Saccharomyces cerevisiae et Oenococcus oeni impact sur la réalisation de la fermentation malolactique en cultures séquentielles et mixtes /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000634.
Full textADOR, LAURENT. "Mise en evidence et etude des elements fonctionnels de l'aspartyl-trna synthetase de saccharomyces cerevisiae par des approches cellulaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13046.
Full textWestman, Johan. "Ethanol production from lignocellulose using high local cell density yeast cultures. Investigations of flocculating and encapsulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3685.
Full textAkademisk avhandling som för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen vid Chalmers tekniska högskola försvaras vid offentlig disputation den 19 februari 2014,klockan 13.30 i KA-salen, Kemigården 4, Göteborg.
Cotrel, Philippe. "Etude du passage de l'alpha-galactosidase recombinante à travers la paroi de Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0034.
Full textCui, Na. "Development of a system of small pressurizable bioreactors used to assess Saccharomyces cerevisiae's behaviour under CO₂ and O₂ pressure." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC038.
Full textYeast fields of application are extensive, ranging from food, brewing to green energy. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the worldwide dominating species. In addition, S. cerevisiae is also an important model organism in modern cell biology research and is one of the most thoroughly studied eukaryotic microorganisms.This work focuses on the behaviour of yeast culture exposing to pressure induced by CO2 and O2. The pressure is set up to 9 bar (A) due to the highest pressure can be reached in industrial scale bioreactors is 8 bar (A). In order to expose yeast culture to pressure conditions, new bioreactors were built and characterised. Two experiments are designed: an experiment to investigate the yeast growth and the metabolites under pressure, as well as the molecular biology experiments to better understand yeast cells behaviour under various O₂ pressure.The first experiment has offered a better understanding of the influence of CO₂ and O₂ pressures on S. cerevisiae culture behaviour. Regarding the impact of CO₂, the study has shown that the yeast culture has consistent behaviours under different pressures. While, in terms of O₂ pressure, under 2 to 5 bar (A) air pressure, yeast cells show higher growth rates compared with atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, the antioxidant molecular glutathione kept a redox balance. Under 6 to 9 bar (A), the cells growth is inhibited and 9 bar (A) leads to the excessive oxidised glutathione accumulation.On the other hand, the molecular experiment has derived further insights on the culture behaviour under O2 pressures. The investigation of several oxidative stress induced genes has highlighted the cellular effects of oxidative stress induced by oxygen pressure and molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress response in yeast cell. It was shown that several oxidative stress induced genes were upregulated: transcription factor gene Msn2/4 and Yap 1, glutathione metabolism genes GSH2 and GLR, as well as a superoxide dismutase synthesis gene SOD2
Aranda, Barradas Juan Silvestre. "Production de biomasse lévurienne : influence du procédé sur les potentialités fermentaires des levures." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT017G.
Full textParaskevopoulos, Yannis. "Utilisation des enveloppes cellulaires de levure pour la stimulation de la fermentation malolactique : interprétation de leur mode d'action." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR20029.
Full textGRAVA, SANDRINE. "Etude fonctionnelle de la proteine apparentee a l'actine arp5 et d'un de ses partenaires cellulaires afilp, dans la levure saccharomyces cerevisiae." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR13200.
Full textBertazzi, Dimitri. "Analyse des mécanismes cellulaires responsables de maladies neurodégénératives dans le modèle de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae : analyse fonctionnelle de myotubularines responsables de pathologies humaines." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070634.
Full textMassie, Caitlyn M. "The Effect of Nitrate, Live Yeast Culture or their interaction on Methane Mitigation and Nitrate Reduction in vitro." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440074849.
Full textEvrard, Alexandre. "Etude des interactions cellulaires des puroindolines et étude de la régulation de l'expression des gènes PinA et PinB de blé." Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0012.
Full textPuroindolines are 13kDa proteins, involved in wheat grain softness. Nethertheless, Cell function and Pin genes expression regulation are not very well documented. Puroindolines cell interactions were studied in the yeast Saccaromyces cerevisiae. Puroindolines do not form homo or heterodimer but interact in vivo with the yeast plasma membrane. Site directed mutagenesis approach highlighted that the tryptophan rich domain of puroindoline-a is involved in this interaction but not in the case of puroindoline-b. In parallel, promoter of both PinA and PinB genes were studied in transgenic rice plants. PinA and PinB genes are expressed in the grain and regulated during development. Whereas PinB gene expression is grain specific, PinA gene is expressed also in other organs is wound induced in stems and leaves
Cheraiti, Naoufel. "Étude des interactions entre souches de Saccharomyces lors de cultures mixtes en conditions œnologiques : implication de l'acétaldéhyde." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0017.
Full textCoulombe, Patrice. "Étude de la fonction du variant d'histone H2A.Z dans la régulation des cyclines G1-S du cycle cellulaire et dans la réponse aux stress cellulaires chez saccharomyces cerevisiae." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/55.
Full textCoulombe, Patrice. "??tude de la fonction du variant d'histone H2A.Z dans la r??gulation des cyclines G1-S du cycle cellulaire et dans la r??ponse aux stress cellulaires chez saccharomyces cerevisiae." Mémoire, Universit?? de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/55.
Full textGuyot, Stéphane. "Influence de la cinétique d’un stress thermique sur la physiologie cellulaire." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS077.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the effects of different heat stress kinetics on the physiology of two microorganisms : the yeast S. Cerevisiae and the bacteria E. Coli. First part led to better understand cellular mecanisms involved in survival and death of cells exposed to a heat slope (0,5 °C. Min-1) or a heat shock (10 s) from the growth temperature to a known lethal one : 50 °C both followed or not by a 1 h maintaining phase at 50 °C. Relative part of passive (physico-chemical properties of cell constituants) and active (physiological pathway regulation) involved in this type of survival and death were studied. Results confirmed that heat slope application induced a certain degree of thermotolerance at 50 °C which was mainly related to passive mechanisms and more particularly to maintainance of plasma membrane integrity. Active mechanisms as de novo and HSPs (GroEL and GrpE in bacteria but not HSP104 in yeast) synthesis played a minor role in survival during the following 1 h plateau phase at 50 °C. Moreover, a heat shock induced a high level of cell mortality which was related to severe alteration of plasma membrane. Second part led to appreciate the effects of a slow (1 °C. 12 h-1) and long (9. 5 days) heat slope on the mesophilic bacteria E. Coli. Bacterial cells grew up to a temperature higher than the upper limit of their thermal niche : 54 °C. Complementary experiments showed that this type of thermotolerance was related to acclimation processes and not to adaptative ones (which imply genomic mutations). Third part leads to illustrate applications of heat shock using an original thermal process : electric field treatment. Such a treatment induced a high and very fast temperature increase into the intracellular medium due to a higher electrical conductivity than the extracellular medium
Mourali, Jaouhar. "ALK, un nouveau récepteur à dépendance : étude des mécanismes de son effet pro-apoptotique." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/372/.
Full textALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) is a receptor tyrosine kinase, initially discovered as part of the NPM-ALK fusion protein, resulting from the t(2;5) translocation that is frequently associated with anaplastic large cell lymphomas. The native ALK protein is normally expressed in the developing and, at a weaker level, adult nervous system. We recently demonstrated that the oncogenic, constitutively kinase activated NPM-ALK protein was antiapoptotic when expressed in Jurkat lymphoblastic cells treated with cytotoxic drugs. In contrast, we now show that Jurkat cells overexpressing the wild type ALK receptor are more sensitive to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis than parental cells. Moreover, the ALK protein is cleaved during apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. Mutation of aspartic residues to asparagine allowed us to map the caspase cleavage site in the juxta-membrane region of ALK. In order to assess the role of ALK in a neural derived tissue, we transiently expressed ALK in the 13. S. 1. 24 rat neuroblast immortalized cell line. ALK expression led to apoptotic cell death of the neuroblasts. ALK ligation by specific activating antibodies decreased ALK-facilitated apoptosis in both lymphoid and neuronal cell lines. Moreover, ALK transfection reduced the survival of primary cultures of cortical neurons. Thus, ALK has a proapoptotic activity in the absence of ligand, whereas it is antiapoptotic in the presence of its ligand and when the kinase is intrinsically activated. .
Nyman, Jonas, and Michael Lacintra. "Co-cultures of Yeasts and Zygomycetes in the Form of Pellets Methods for the Preparation of Pellets and Biocapsules, Their Properties and Applications." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17277.
Full textProgram: MSc in Resource Recovery - Industrial Biotechnology
Fontana, Angélique. "Incidences physiques et physiologiques de la floculation des levures." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20247.
Full textChaari, Kacem. "Mise au point d'une stratégie optimale de conduite des procédés de fermentation par contrôle numérique direct (et en temps réel)." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPI263.
Full textCullere, Marco. "Functional meat and meat products from unconventional meat species." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424551.
Full textLa presente tesi si compone di quattro ricerche principali e si propone di studiare carne e prodotti carnei funzionali ottenuti da specie non convenzionali, lo struzzo e il coniglio. La prima ricerca ha testato l’inclusione singola o combinata, per 3 o 6 settimane, con il 5% di Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) ed il 3% di Timo (Thymus vulgaris) nella dieta di conigli in accrescimento. Questo primo capitolo si articola in quattro sottocapitoli. Il primo ha considerato l’effetto sulla digeribilità apparente delle diete e sulle prestazioni produttive di conigli in accrescimento e ha evidenziato che l’inclusione separata o combinata di Spirulina ha ridotto il valore nutritivo delle diete. Nonostante ciò, non è stato osservato alcun effetto sulle prestazioni produttive e sullo stato di salute degli animali. Studi futuri dovranno considerare la tecnologia di produzione del mangime, la pellettatura e le condizioni di confezionamento e stoccaggio, in quanto potrebbero ridurre o nullificare la disponibilità di componenti nutritivi e funzionali. Inoltre, l’inclusione di Spirulina e/o Timo dovrebbe essere testata in condizioni sanitarie più critiche. Il secondo sottocapitolo ha valutato l’effetto dell’inclusione di Spirulina e Timo sulla composizione della carcassa, le caratteristiche reologiche di carne ed ossa ed il contenuto di vitamina B12 del Longissimus dorsi (LD). Spirulina ha confermato di essere una fonte di vitamina B12, la quale è stata trasferita con successo nella carne del LD. Spirulina ha quindi dimostrando il suo valore quale additivo naturale per produrre alimenti fortificati con questo elemento. Per quanto riguarda gli altri aspetti considerati nella presente ricerca, gli additivi naturali testati non hanno avuto alcun effetto. Il terzo sottocapitolo ha studiato la “shelf-life” della carne fresca di coniglio durante una simulazione di esposizione finalizzata alla vendita. Il timo ha migliorato il colore e ridotto le perdite essudative della carne, anche quando è stato somministrato per il periodo più breve. Questo risultato da un lato è in grado di influenzare positivamente il consumatore al momento dell’acquisto, e dall’altro va incontro alle esigenze dell’allevatore di limitare i costi di produzione. Al contrario, Spirulina non ha avuto alcun effetto sulla stabilità ossidativa della carne, forse per uno scarso assorbimento intestinale dovuto all’interferenza degli antiossidanti presenti nella Spirulina stessa, oppure perché il livello di inclusione nella dieta non era adeguato alle esigenze dei conigli. Il quarto sottocapitolo ha testato l’effetto sulla qualità della carne cruda e cotta, sulla ritenzione reale dei nutrienti e sulla protezione nei confronti di condizioni di stress ossidativo. L’inclusione di Spirulina ha migliorato il profilo acidico del Longissimus dorsi e dell’arto posteriore di coniglio, attraverso l’aumento del contenuto dell’acido grasso γ-linolenico. Il Timo ha migliorato la stabilità ossidativa della carne dell’arto posteriore cruda e liofilizzata, ma non quella della carne cotta. Come era stato osservato nel precedente esperimento sulla “shelf-life” della carne di coniglio, Spirulina non ha migliorato la stabilità ossidativa della carne sottoposta a stress ossidativo intenso. Il secondo capitolo della presente tesi, ha considerato l’effetto dell’inclusione singola o combinata con diversi additivi naturali (Origano, Rosmarino, vitamina E e Saccaromyces cerevisiae) sulle prestazioni produttive di conigli in accrescimento, la composizione nutrizionale e la stabilità ossidativa della carne nonchè sulle caratteristiche ossee degli arti. I risultati di questa ricerca hanno dimostrato che un’adeguata inclusione di antiossidanti naturali nella dieta di conigli in accrescimento ha avuto un effetto positivo anche sulle prestazioni produttive e sulla qualità della carne. Il quinto capitolo, invece, ha studiato per la prima volta l’applicazione di rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), fermentato e non, sulla carne e prodotti derivati. In particolare, è stata valutata la sua capacità di prevenire l’ossidazione lipidica in polpette e salami di struzzo. I risultati hanno rivelato un interessante e promettente potenziale antiossidante di questa pianta nei confronti dei prodotti carnei testati. Tuttavia, sono necessari ulteriori studi per esaminarne l’efficacia a lungo termine. Il sesto ed ultimo capitolo, ha valutato due diversi livelli di grasso e NaCl, e due diversi starter microbici, sulle perdite di peso, composizione centesimale e contenuto di colesterolo di salami di struzzo stagionati per 10 e 20 settimane. Un minore contenuto di grasso ha ridotto considerevolmente il tempo di stagionatura, essendo quindi un aspetto positivo in termini di produttività, e ha determinato una maggiore concentrazione di nutrienti rispetto al salame preparato con il più alto livello di grasso. La riduzione del contenuto di NaCl ha ritardato le perdite di peso dei salami di 1 settimana, senza tuttavia modificare la composizione centesimale del prodotto. Infine, l’attività metabolica degli starter microbici testati è sembrata essere condizionata dal contenuto di grasso del salame e ciò, a 10 settimane di stagionatura, ha influenzato la salubrità del prodotto
Brou, Paul René. "Modélisation de cultures mixtes de levures pour leur mise en oeuvre optimale dans les bioprocédés." Phd thesis, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/23965/1/Brou_Paul-Rene.pdf.
Full textChen, Jun-Jie, and 陳俊傑. "Kinetic analysis of γ-GC and GSH production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae FC-3 in batch cultures." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20480323901896916396.
Full text國立雲林科技大學
工業化學與災害防治研究所
94
A non-linear kinetic model to predict the production of γ-glutamyl- cysteine (γ-GC) and glutathione (GSH) by a mutant of baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae FC-3 was proposed. When sucrose was selected as the carbon source, results of the kinetic analysis showed that γ-GC production was non-growth associated, while GSH was growth associated. Data obtained from various initial sucrose concentrations in flask-scale fermentation were used to develop the kinetic model, and their effects on the kinetic parameters were also examined. Moreover, it was found that the logistic equation, growth-associated production with a lag time and the modified Luedeking-Piret equation could satisfactorily describe the cell growth, product formation and sugar consumption, respectively. To improve the production of γ-GC and GSH, the fed-batch operation based on the batch-culture kinetics was also studied, and the results showed that biomass, γ-GC and GSH increased about 11.6 %, 23.5 % and 7.76 %, respectively.
Nehme, Nancy. "Etude des interactions entre Saccharomyces cerevisiae et Oenococcus oeni : impact sur la réalisation de la fermentation malolactique en cultures séquentielles et mixtes." Phd thesis, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7698/1/nehme.pdf.
Full textKhalil, Ahmed Ahmed Abd Allah [Verfasser]. "A study of gene expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in oscillating continuous cultures using DNA microarray technology / von Ahmed Abd Allah Khalil Ahmed." 2008. http://d-nb.info/990935752/34.
Full textKutyna, Dariusz Roman. "Isolation of low ethanol producing yeast strains using adaptive evolution." Thesis, 2008. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15484/.
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