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Journal articles on the topic 'Sac shrinkage'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Antoniou, George A., Aws Alfahad, Stavros A. Antoniou, and Francesco Torella. "Prognostic Significance of Aneurysm Sac Shrinkage After Endovascular Aneurysm Repair." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 27, no. 5 (June 26, 2020): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526602820937432.

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Purpose: To investigate whether patients who develop aneurysm sac shrinkage following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) have better outcomes than patients with a stable or increased aneurysm sac. Materials and Methods: The Healthcare Databases Advanced Search interface developed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence was used to interrogate MEDLINE and EMBASE. Thesaurus headings were adapted accordingly. Case-control studies were identified comparing outcomes in patients demonstrating aneurysm sac shrinkage after EVAR with those of patients with a stable or expanded aneurysm sac. Pooled estimates of dichotomous outcome data were calculated using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Meta-analysis of time-to-event data was conducted using the inverse-variance method; the results are reported as a summary hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI. Summary outcome estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Results: Eight studies were included in quantitative synthesis reporting a total of 17,096 patients (8518 patients with sac shrinkage and 8578 patients without sac shrinkage). The pooled incidence of sac shrinkage at 12 months was 48% (95% CI 40% to 56%). Patients with aneurysm sac shrinkage had a significantly lower hazard of death (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.87), secondary interventions (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.62), and late complications (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.56) than patients with a stable or increased aneurysm sac. Furthermore, their odds of rupture were significantly lower than those in patients without shrinkage (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.36). Conclusion: Sac regression is correlated to improved survival and a reduced rate of secondary interventions and EVAR-related complications. The prognostic significance of sac regression should be considered in surveillance strategies. Intensified surveillance should be applied in patients who fail to achieve sac regression following EVAR.

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2

Taneva, Gergana T., Omid Shafe, Giovanni B. Torsello, Arne Schwindt, Jamal Moosavi, Parham Sadeghipour, and Konstantinos P. Donas. "Importance of Follow-up Imaging in the Detection of Delayed Type 2 Endoleaks Despite Complete Aneurysmal Sac Shrinkage." Vascular and Endovascular Review 2, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ver.2019.2.2.

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Type 2 endoleaks usually constitute a benign and self-limited phenomenon, which rarely leads to aneurysmal sac expansion. However, in a small subset of patients, a persistent type 2 endoleak might pressurise the aneurysmal sac causing expansion. The authors present two cases with delayed new-onset type 2 endoleak. One occurred after standard endovascular aortic repair and the other after chimney endovascular aortic repair, causing expansion of the aneurysmal sac after a period of complete aneurysmal sac shrinkage. Accordingly, there is a risk of sac re-expansion due to delayed onset endoleaks, independent of the technique, justifying the need for a continuous follow-up despite long-term aneurysmal sac shrinkage.

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3

Baklizi, Ayman, and Walid Abu Dayyeh. "Shrinkage Estimation ofP(Y." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 32, no. 1 (January 4, 2003): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sac-120013109.

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4

Gao, Xu, Chao Liu, Zhonghe Shui, and Rui Yu. "Effects of Expansive Additives on the Shrinkage Behavior of Coal Gangue Based Alkali Activated Materials." Crystals 11, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070816.

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The suitability of applying shrinkage reducing additives in alkali activated coal gangue-slag composites is discussed in this study. The effect of sulphoaluminate cement (SAC), high performance concrete expansion agent (HCSA) and U-type expansion agent (UEA) on the reaction process, shrinkage behavior, phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties are evaluated. The results show that the addition of SAC slightly mitigates the early stage reaction process, while HCSA and UEA can either accelerate or inhibit the reaction depending on their dosage. The addition of SAC presents an ideal balance between drying shrinkage reduction and strength increment. As for HCSA and UEA, the shrinkage and mechanical properties are sensitive to their replacement level; excessive dosage would result in remarkable strength reduction and expansion. The specific surface area and average pore size of the hardened matrix are found to be closely related with shrinkage behavior. SAC addition introduces additional hydrotalcite phases within the reaction products, while HCSA and UEA mainly result in the formation of CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2. It is concluded that applying expansive additives can be an effective approach in reducing the drying shrinkage of alkali activated coal gangue-slag mixtures, while their type and dosage must be carefully handled.

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5

Rhee, Robert Y., Laura Garvey, Nita Missig-Carroll, and Michel S. Makaroun. "Does Endograft Support Alter the Rate of Aneurysm Sac Shrinkage after Endovascular Repair?" Journal of Endovascular Therapy 10, no. 3 (June 2003): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280301000303.

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Purpose: To test the hypothesis that stent-graft support influences sac shrinkage independent of endoleak rates after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Methods: Ninety AAA patients underwent treatment with bifurcated endoluminal devices at our institution between October 1996 and February 1999. Fifty-two patients were treated using a nonsupported (NS) Ancure endograft and 38 using a fully supported (FS) Excluder endograft. Computed tomographic (CT) scans were obtained during the first postoperative month and at 6, 12, and 24-month intervals. Aneurysm diameter was measured as the minor axis of the largest AAA axial slice on the CT scan. Six, 12, and 24-month sac sizes were compared to the first postoperative evaluation. Results: Successful endoluminal graft placement was accomplished in all patients. The two groups were matched for age, anatomical criteria, and comorbidities except for baseline AAA size: the mean diameter was 5.4 cm in the NS group and 5.0 cm for the FS group (p<0.01). Endoleak rates were 25% (13/52) in the NS group and 18% (7/38) in the FS group (p<0.05) at 1 month. All endoleaks that did not resolve spontaneously at 6 months were treated. Initial endoleak status did not affect the sac shrinkage rates at the 12 and 24-month evaluations. At 2 years, the NS group had greater shrinkage of the sac (1.2 cm) versus the FS cohort (0.3 cm, p<0.05). In addition, more patients in the NS group had sac shrinkage >5 mm (83% versus 18%, p<0.05). Conclusions: Despite a higher endoleak rate, the nonsupported Dacron Ancure endografts were associated with greater sac shrinkage at up to 24 months following implantation.

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6

Vedani, Sébastien Michel, Séverine Petitprez, Eva Weinz, Jean-Marc Corpataux, Sébastien Déglise, Céline Deslarzes-Dubuis, Elisabeth Côté, Jean-Baptiste Ricco, and François Saucy. "Predictors and Consequences of Sac Shrinkage after Endovascular Infrarenal Aortic Aneurysm Repair." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 3232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113232.

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Background: Aneurysm shrinkage has been proposed as a marker of successful endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). We evaluated the impact of sac shrinkage on secondary interventions, on survival and its association with endoleaks, and on compliance with instructions for use (IFU). Methods: This observational retrospective study was conducted on all consecutive patients receiving EVAR for an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) using exclusively Endurant II/IIs endograft from 2014 to 2018. Sixty patients were entered in the study. Aneurysm sac shrinkage was defined as decrease ≥5 mm of the maximum aortic diameter. Univariate methods and Kaplan–Meier plots assessed the potential impact of shrinkage. Results: Twenty-six patients (43.3%) experienced shrinkage at one year, and thirty-four (56.7%) had no shrinkage. Shrinkage was not significantly associated with any demographics or morbidity, except hypertension (p = 0.01). No aneurysm characteristics were associated with shrinkage. Non-compliance with instructions for use (IFU) in 13 patients (21.6%) was not associated with shrinkage. Three years after EVAR, freedom from secondary intervention was 85 ± 2% for the entire series, 92.3 ± 5.0% for the shrinkage group and 83.3 ± 9% for the no-shrinkage group (Logrank: p = 0.49). Survival at 3 years was not significantly different between the two groups (85.9 ± 7.0% vs. 79.0 ± 9.0%, Logrank; p = 0.59). Strict compliance with IFU was associated with less reinterventions at 3 years (92.1 ± 5.9% vs. 73.8 ± 15%, Logrank: p = 0.03). Similarly, survival at 3 years did not significantly differ between strict compliance with IFU and non-compliance (81.8 ± 7.0% vs. 78.6 ± 13.0%, Logrank; p = 0.32). Conclusion: This study suggests that shrinkage ≥5 mm at 1-year is not significantly associated with a better survival rate or a lower risk of secondary intervention than no-shrinkage. In this series, the risk of secondary intervention regardless of shrinkage seems to be linked more to non-compliance with IFU. Considering the small number of patients, these results must be confirmed by extensive prospective studies.

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7

Vedani, Sébastien Michel, Séverine Petitprez, Eva Weinz, Jean-Marc Corpataux, Sébastien Déglise, Céline Deslarzes-Dubuis, Elisabeth Côté, Jean-Baptiste Ricco, and François Saucy. "Predictors and Consequences of Sac Shrinkage after Endovascular Infrarenal Aortic Aneurysm Repair." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 3232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113232.

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Background: Aneurysm shrinkage has been proposed as a marker of successful endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). We evaluated the impact of sac shrinkage on secondary interventions, on survival and its association with endoleaks, and on compliance with instructions for use (IFU). Methods: This observational retrospective study was conducted on all consecutive patients receiving EVAR for an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) using exclusively Endurant II/IIs endograft from 2014 to 2018. Sixty patients were entered in the study. Aneurysm sac shrinkage was defined as decrease ≥5 mm of the maximum aortic diameter. Univariate methods and Kaplan–Meier plots assessed the potential impact of shrinkage. Results: Twenty-six patients (43.3%) experienced shrinkage at one year, and thirty-four (56.7%) had no shrinkage. Shrinkage was not significantly associated with any demographics or morbidity, except hypertension (p = 0.01). No aneurysm characteristics were associated with shrinkage. Non-compliance with instructions for use (IFU) in 13 patients (21.6%) was not associated with shrinkage. Three years after EVAR, freedom from secondary intervention was 85 ± 2% for the entire series, 92.3 ± 5.0% for the shrinkage group and 83.3 ± 9% for the no-shrinkage group (Logrank: p = 0.49). Survival at 3 years was not significantly different between the two groups (85.9 ± 7.0% vs. 79.0 ± 9.0%, Logrank; p = 0.59). Strict compliance with IFU was associated with less reinterventions at 3 years (92.1 ± 5.9% vs. 73.8 ± 15%, Logrank: p = 0.03). Similarly, survival at 3 years did not significantly differ between strict compliance with IFU and non-compliance (81.8 ± 7.0% vs. 78.6 ± 13.0%, Logrank; p = 0.32). Conclusion: This study suggests that shrinkage ≥5 mm at 1-year is not significantly associated with a better survival rate or a lower risk of secondary intervention than no-shrinkage. In this series, the risk of secondary intervention regardless of shrinkage seems to be linked more to non-compliance with IFU. Considering the small number of patients, these results must be confirmed by extensive prospective studies.

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8

Balceniuk, Mark D., Peng Zhao, Matthew J. Terbush, Andrew C. Schroeder, Luke Cybulski, and Michael C. Stoner. "TREO Aortic Endograft Demonstrates Significant Aneurysmal Sac Shrinkage." Journal of Surgical Research 241 (September 2019): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.03.048.

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9

Georgakarakos, Efstratios, George S. Georgiadis, Christos V. Ioannou, Konstantinos C. Kapoulas, George Trellopoulos, and Miltos Lazarides. "Aneurysm sac shrinkage after endovascular treatment of the aorta: Beyond sac pressure and endoleaks." Vascular Medicine 17, no. 3 (March 8, 2012): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358863x11431293.

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10

Lalys, Florent, Anne Daoudal, Juliette Gindre, Cemil Göksu, Antoine Lucas, and Adrien Kaladji. "Influencing factors of sac shrinkage after endovascular aneurysm repair." Journal of Vascular Surgery 65, no. 6 (June 2017): 1830–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2016.12.131.

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11

Kasirajan, K. "Abdominal aortic aneurysm sac shrinkage after endovascular aneurysm repair: Correlation with chronic sac pressure measurement." Yearbook of Vascular Surgery 2007 (January 2007): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-4041(08)70450-0.

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12

Ellozy, Sharif H., Alfio Carroccio, Robert A. Lookstein, Tikva S. Jacobs, Michael D. Addis, Victoria J. Teodorescu, and Michael L. Marin. "Abdominal aortic aneurysm sac shrinkage after endovascular aneurysm repair: Correlation with chronic sac pressure measurement." Journal of Vascular Surgery 43, no. 1 (January 2006): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2005.09.039.

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13

Blankensteijn, Jan D., and Monique Prinssen. "Does Fresh Clot Shrink Faster Than Preexistent Mural Thrombus after Endovascular AAA Repair?" Journal of Endovascular Therapy 9, no. 4 (August 2002): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280200900412.

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Purpose: To correlate the amount of preexistent thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) to sac shrinkage after endovascular repair. Methods: From January 1993 through April 2000, 76 patients underwent endovascular AAA repair and were examined at 12 months to identify aneurysms that had decreased in size by >10%. Volume measurements were performed using a standardized spiral computed tomographic angiography (CTA) protocol with 3-dimensional postprocessing. Volume measurements were unavailable or incomplete in 16 patients, and another 16 did not have sac shrinkage >10%, leaving 44 patients in the study group. The percentage of preexistent mural thrombus in shrinking sacs (OldThr%) was calculated by dividing the preoperative thrombus volume by the postoperative nonluminal thrombus volume. The 12-month volume change, expressed as a percentage of the postoperative thrombus volume and as an absolute value, was correlated with OldThr% using the Pearson product moment test. Results: The median proportional shrinkage at 12 months was 56% (range 15%–89%) and the absolute nonluminal thrombus volume shrinkage was 49 mL (range 6–186). The median OldThr% was 53% (range 6%–94%). The correlation coefficients of OldThr% were 0.130 (p=0.40) with the proportional shrinkage in thrombus volume and 0.235 (p=0.13) with the absolute volume change. Conclusions: The rate of shrinkage of successfully excluded aneurysm sacs after endovascular repair is independent of the preoperative mural thrombus volume in the aneurysm. Other factors are responsible for the large variation in shrinkage.

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14

Baklizi, Ayman. "Shrinkage Estimation of the Common Location Parameter of Several Exponentials." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 33, no. 2 (January 2, 2004): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sac-120037238.

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15

Ermis, Cengiz, Stefan Krämer, Reinhard Tomczak, Reinhard Pamler, Orpheus Kolokythas, Ansgar Schütz, Christian Wisianowsky, Xaver Kapfer, and Johannes Görich. "Does Successful Embolization of Endoleaks Lead to Aneurysm Sac Shrinkage?" Journal of Endovascular Therapy 7, no. 6 (December 2000): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1583/1545-1550(2000)007<0441:dseoel>2.0.co;2.

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16

Ermis, Cengiz, Stefan Krämer, Reinhard Tomczak, Reinhard Pamler, Orpheus Kolokythas, Ansgar Schütz, Christian Wisianowsky, Xaver Kapfer, and Johannes Görich. "Does Successful Embolization of Endoleaks Lead to Aneurysm Sac Shrinkage?" Journal of Endovascular Therapy 7, no. 6 (December 2000): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280000700603.

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17

Bailey, Marc A., Soroush Sohrabi, Karen Flood, Kathryn J. Griffin, S. Tawqeer Rashid, Anne B. Johnson, Paul D. Baxter, Jai V. Patel, and D. Julian A. Scott. "Calcium channel blockers enhance sac shrinkage after endovascular aneurysm repair." Journal of Vascular Surgery 55, no. 6 (June 2012): 1593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.12.075.

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18

Sugimoto, Masayuki, Noriko Takahashi, Kiyoaki Niimi, Akio Kodama, Hiroshi Banno, and Kimihiro Komori. "Difference Between Early and late Spontaneous Sac Shrinkage After EVAR." European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 58, no. 6 (December 2019): e596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.09.072.

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19

Ye, Zheng Mao, Qin Yi Wu, Peng Du, and Xin Cheng. "Study on the Properties of Fiber Reinforced Sulphoaluminate Cement Mortar." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 1071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.1071.

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The effects of wood fiber and polypropylene fiber on the mechanical performance, drying shrinkage and moisture loss of sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) mortar were studied. The experimental results show that wood fiber and polypropylene fiber can both improve the flexural strength of the mortar and reduce drying shrinkage ratio and moisture loss at different ages. Polypropylene fiber can also improve the late compressive strength of the mortar. Adding 0.3% mass fraction of wood fiber, the drying shrinkage ratio and moisture loss of the motar reach minimum values. The drying shrinkage ratio reduces to 0.029% at 28d. Moisture loss reduces to 0.4%. Adding 0.5% mass fraction of polypropylene fiber, the drying shrinkage ratio and moisture loss of the motar also reach minimum values. The drying shrinkage ratio reduces to 0.03% at 28d and moisture loss reduces to 0.39%.

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20

Kotani, Kouichi. "SHRINKAGE PREDICTION IN THE EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION WITH A PRIOR INTERVAL FOR THE SCALE PARAMETER." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 30, no. 3 (August 31, 2001): 559–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sac-100105079.

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21

San Norberto, Enrique M., Liliana A. Fidalgo-Domingos, Alejandro Romero, and Carlos Vaquero. "Total Laparoscopic Inferior Mesenteric Artery Ligation and Direct Sac Puncture Embolization Technique for Treatment of Type II Endoleak." Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 54, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538574419885271.

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Type II endoleak relates to aneurysm perfusion through a patent branch vessel. Reintervention for type II endoleak should be considered in the presence of significant aneurysm growth. Recurrences and subsequent reinterventions are frequent by occult type II endoleaks through feeder arterial branches. We report a case of a patient with a type II endoleak due to inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) patency associated with aneurysm sac growth after an unsuccessfully attempt of transarterial embolization. Laparoscopic ligation of the IMA with direct sac puncture embolization was performed. The postoperative and 1-year follow-up computed tomography angiography scan demonstrated no endoleak signs and aneurysm sac shrinkage. The proposed modification of this technique constitutes a novel approach to this entity. Total laparoscopic IMA ligation and direct sac puncture embolization technique may increase the success rate for the treatment of endoleaks type II by excluding the recurrences. This technique may offer a safe, feasible, and minimally invasive approach for type II endoleaks when other endovascular techniques are unsuccessful.

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22

Wustefeld-Janssens, Brandan G., Arathi Vinayak, Lindsay A. Parker, and Danielle L. Hollenbeck. "Quantification of Canine Apocrine Gland Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) Tumor Specimen Shrinkage after Formalin Fixation." Animals 12, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 1869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12151869.

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The aim was to prospectively measure the shrinkage of primary apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) tumors after 24 and 48 h of formalin fixation. Dogs that were diagnosed with AGASACA pre-operatively by aspiration cytology were prospectively enrolled in the study. Tumor extirpation was performed in a closed technique. The tumor and associated tissues were examined on the back table away from the patient and the widest dimension of the tumor was measured using a sterile ruler (Medline®; Northfield, IL, USA). This measurement was recorded in mm (t0). The tissue was placed in 10% buffered formalin and stored at room temperature. Two further measurements were taken after 24 (t24) and 48 (t48) hours of formalin fixation. Once the 48 h measurement was taken, the tissue was submitted for histopathology. The percentage of shrinkage between time points was calculated by using the following equation: (1 − [time b/time a]) × 100. Overall, 23 dogs with 23 tumors were enrolled. The mean percentage of shrinkage after 24 and 48 h of formalin fixation was 4.8% and 7.2%, respectively. The median diameter of the tumors reduced by 1 mm over 48 h and was not significantly different at any time point. These data will aid clinicians in interpreting measurements of AGASACA tumors following formalin fixation and shows that minimal change in tumor size is expected following 48 h.

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23

Browe, David M., and Clive M. Baumgarten. "EGFR Kinase Regulates Volume-sensitive Chloride Current Elicited by Integrin Stretch via PI-3K and NADPH Oxidase in Ventricular Myocytes." Journal of General Physiology 127, no. 3 (February 13, 2006): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200509366.

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Stretch of β1 integrins activates an outwardly rectifying, tamoxifen-sensitive Cl− current (Cl− SAC) via AT1 receptors, NADPH oxidase, and reactive oxygen species, and Cl− SAC resembles the volume-sensitive Cl− current (ICl,swell). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase undergoes transactivation upon stretch, integrin engagement, and AT1 receptor activation and, in turn, stimulates NADPH oxidase. Therefore, we tested whether Cl− SAC is regulated by EGFR kinase signaling and is volume sensitive. Paramagnetic beads coated with mAb for β1 integrin were attached to myocytes and pulled with an electromagnet. Stretch activated a Cl− SAC that was 1.13 ± 0.10 pA/pF at +40 mV. AG1478 (10 μM), an EGFR kinase blocker, inhibited 93 ± 13% of Cl− SAC, and intracellular pretreatment with 1 μM AG1478 markedly suppressed Cl− SAC activation. EGF (3.3 nM) directly activated an outwardly rectifying Cl− current (0.81 ± 0.05 pA/pF at +40 mV) that was fully blocked by 10 μM tamoxifen, an ICl,swell blocker. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) is downstream of EGFR kinase. Wortmannin (500 nM) and LY294002 (100 μM), blockers of PI-3K, inhibited Cl− SAC by 67 ± 6% and 91 ± 25% respectively, and the EGF-induced Cl− current also was fully blocked by LY294002. Furthermore, gp91ds-tat (500 nM), a cell-permeable, chimeric peptide that specifically blocks NADPH oxidase assembly, profoundly inhibited the EGF-induced Cl− current. Inactive permeant and active impermeant control peptides had no effect. Myocyte shrinkage with hyperosmotic bathing media inhibited the Cl− SAC and EGF-induced Cl− current by 88 ± 9% and 127 ± 11%, respectively. These results suggest that β1 integrin stretch activates Cl− SAC via EGFR, PI-3K, and NADPH oxidase, and that both the Cl− SAC and the EGF-induced Cl− currents are likely to be the volume-sensitive Cl− current, ICl,swell.

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24

Rhee, Robert Y., Laura Garvey, Nita Missig-Carroll, and Michel S. Makaroun. "Does Endograft Support Alter the Rate of Aneurysm Sac Shrinkage After Endovascular Repair?" Journal of Endovascular Therapy 10, no. 3 (June 2003): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1583/1545-1550(2003)010<0411:desatr>2.0.co;2.

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25

Piazza, Michele, Mirko Menegolo, Alessandra Ferrari, Joseph J. Ricotta, Franco Grego, and Michele Antonello. "Long Term Outcomes and Sac Volume Shrinkage After Endovascular Popliteal Artery Aneurysm Repair." Journal of Vascular Surgery 57, no. 5 (May 2013): 99S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2013.02.231.

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26

Piazza, M., M. Menegolo, A. Ferrari, S. Bonvini, J. J. Ricotta, P. Frigatti, F. Grego, and M. Antonello. "Long-term Outcomes and Sac Volume Shrinkage after Endovascular Popliteal Artery Aneurysm Repair." European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 48, no. 2 (August 2014): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.04.011.

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27

Love, M., A. Wray, M. Worthington, and P. Ellis. "Failure of aneurysm sac shrinkage after endovascular repair; the effect of mural calcification." Clinical Radiology 60, no. 12 (December 2005): 1290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2005.05.020.

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28

Soler, Raphael J., Michel A. Bartoli, Julien Mancini, Gilles Lerussi, Benjamin Thevenin, Gabrielle Sarlon-Bartoli, and Pierre-Edouard Magnan. "Aneurysm Sac Shrinkage after Endovascular Repair: Predictive Factors and Long-Term Follow-Up." Annals of Vascular Surgery 29, no. 4 (May 2015): 770–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2014.12.016.

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29

Sugimoto, Masayuki, Hiroshi Banno, Tomohiro Sato, Shuuta Ikeda, Takuya Tsuruoka, Yohei Kawai, Kiyoaki Niimi, Akio Kodama, and Kimihiro Komori. "Clinical Comparison between Early and Late Spontaneous Sac Shrinkage after Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair." Annals of Vascular Surgery 75 (August 2021): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2021.02.014.

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30

Sugimoto, Masayuki, Shuta Ikeda, Yohei Kawai, Takuya Tsuruoka, Kiyoaki Niimi, Akio Kodama, Hiroshi Banno, and Kimihiro Komori. "Clinical Comparison Between Early and Late Spontaneous Sac Shrinkage After Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair." Journal of Vascular Surgery 72, no. 1 (July 2020): e188-e189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.326.

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31

Georgakarakos, Efstratios, Dimitrios Potolidis, and George S. Georgiadis. "Are Mechanical Properties of Aortic Endografts a Major Determinant for Postoperative Aneurysm Sac Shrinkage?" Journal of Surgical Research 247 (March 2020): 304–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.08.028.

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32

Pratesi, Giovanni, Aaron Fargion, Lorenzo Di Giulio, Arnaldo Ippoliti, and Carlo Pratesi. "PS10. Aortic Neck Changes and Sac Shrinkage After Anaconda™ Stent-graft: Midterm Results." Journal of Vascular Surgery 51, no. 6 (June 2010): 24S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2010.02.084.

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33

Fujimura, Naoki, Hideaki Obara, Kentaro Matsubara, Yasuhito Sekimoto, Hirohisa Harada, Masanori Inoue, Hideyuki Shimizu, and Yuko Kitagawa. "Comparison of Early Sac Shrinkage with Third-Generation Stent Grafts for Endovascular Aneurysm Repair." Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 27, no. 10 (October 2016): 1604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2016.05.016.

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34

Radtke, Richard L. "Larval Fish Age, Growth, and Body Shrinkage: Information Available from Otoliths." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 1884–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-237.

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External and internal examination of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths for macrostructure and microstructure, by light and scanning electron microscopy, indicated daily rhythmic patterns. The first daily increment developed the day after hatching. Sagittae changed shape from spherical to oblong at 20 d and to crenulated at 50−60 d old. Cod were reared at three temperatures (6,8 and 10 °C), to provide a range of growth and developmental rates. Distinctive marks formed at yolk-sac absorption, initiation of feeding and settlement. It was possible to determine age and growth rate from otolith analyses. The relationship between otolith length and fish size was independent of growth rate; it followed a quadratic function for the smaller individuals (< 6.5 mm), and it was linear in individuals greater than 25 mm. Larval fish shrank considerably at death. The magnitude of shrinkage was dependent on larval length, and the elapsed time between death and fixation. Immediate fixation in ethanol resulted in minimal shrinkage. The relationship between fish length and otolith diameter may be used to correct for shrinkage associated with collection and death.

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Smith, Lorraine M., and Ryan F. Osborne. "R452 – Nasopharyngeal Yolk Sac Tumors: A Rare Pediatric Occurrence." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.609.

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Problem To report the rare occurrence of a yolk sac tumor of the nose and nasopharynx presenting as acute sinusitis and bilateral complete blindness. Methods The clinical presentation, pathologic features, and management of this 2-year-old infant girl is reviewed. We also performed a medical literature search in English using PUBMED and OVID databases. We then analyzed the literature with respect to clinical presentation, manifestations and therapies for other extra-gonadal yolk sac tumors presenting in the head and neck. Results The patient was treated with 4 courses of high dose cis-platinum, etoposide, bleomycin repeated every 3 weeks along with surgery. She had initial mild improvement in visual perception along with shrinkage of her tumor. The yolk sac malignancies of the head and neck are often, large, aggressive lesions on presentation that once treated have a tendency to recur. Conclusion Yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors) represent 3–5% of pediatric malignancies. They are rare malignancies in the head and neck, of germ cell origin. Successful treatment usually requires a combination of chemotherapy and surgical extirpation followed by postoperative chemotherapy. Significance Recurrent sinusitis and nasal obstruction in children should be evaluated carefully and with a high level of suspicion for rare nasal and nasopharyngeal malignancies. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment may alleviate many of the presenting symptoms and prolong life.

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Wang, Tiehao, Jiarong Wang, Jichun Zhao, Ding Yuan, and Bin Huang. "Endovascular Treatment of Aberrant Splenic Artery Aneurysm Presenting With Painless Progressive Jaundice: A Case Report and Literature Review." Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 55, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 756–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15385744211005296.

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Splenic artery (SA) originating from the superior mesenteric artery is a rare condition, and aneurysms in relation to this aberrant SA are even rarer. We reported the case of a 67-year-old female who presented with painless progressive jaundice for 2 months accompanied by thrombocytopenia and liver dysfunction. The computed tomographic angiography (CTA) showed an aberrant SAA located behind the pancreatic head along with the dilation of common bile duct. Stent-graft deployment in SMA and coil embolization of the aneurysm were performed. Her liver dysfunction and thrombocytopenia improved postoperatively. CTA at 2-year follow-up showed patency of stent-graft and SMA and the shrinkage of the excluded aneurysm sac. Considering the particular location of the aneurysm, painless progressive jaundice can be the initial symptom for the aberrant SAAs. This combined endovascular technique completely excluded the aneurysm and was beneficial for treating secondary liver dysfunction and thrombocytopenia.

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Zarrabi, Kevin, Ved Desai, Brandom Yim, and Theodore G. Gabig. "Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Localized to the Lacrimal Sac: A Case Presentation and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Hematology 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5612749.

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We report a rare case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the lacrimal sac in a 50-year-old male. The incidence of primary ocular lymphoma is low and it is considered a rare disease. Moreover, reports of ocular DLBCL are uncommon and the disease remains poorly characterized. Our patient presented for management of osteomyelitis and was incidentally found to have a painless swelling and cyst around his right eye. A PET/CT scan revealed hypermetabolic activity within the lacrimal sac and a subsequent excisional biopsy of the mass yielded histopathology consistent with DLBCL. Consequently, the patient underwent treatment with R-CHOP therapy. The patient responded well to chemotherapy with a substantial shrinkage in tumor burden and the disease remained localized. Herein, we present a rare case of primary ocular lymphoma, highlight the importance of early diagnosis, and review current treatment modalities.

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Teter, Katherine, Chong Li, Luis M. Ferreira, Miguel Ferrer, Caron B. Rockman, Neal S. Cayne, Karan Garg, and Thomas S. Maldonado. "Fenestrated EVAR Promotes Positive Infrarenal Neck Remodeling Leading to Greater Sac Shrinkage Compared With EVAR." Journal of Vascular Surgery 74, no. 3 (September 2021): e60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2021.06.101.

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Goncalves, F. B., H. Baderkhan, and H. J. Verhagen. "Early Sac Shrinkage Predicts a Low Risk of Late Complications After Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair." Journal of Vascular Surgery 60, no. 3 (September 2014): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2014.07.017.

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Chaudhuri, A. "Re: ‘Long-term Outcomes and Sac Volume Shrinkage after Endovascular Popliteal Artery Aneurysm Repair (EVPAR)’." European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 49, no. 1 (January 2015): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.10.024.

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Piazza, M. "Re: ‘Re. Long-term Outcomes and Sac Volume Shrinkage After Endovascular Popliteal Artery Aneurysm Repair’." European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 49, no. 1 (January 2015): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.11.003.

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Bastos Gonçalves, F., H. Baderkhan, H. J. M. Verhagen, A. Wanhainen, M. Björck, R. J. Stolker, S. E. Hoeks, and K. Mani. "Early sac shrinkage predicts a low risk of late complications after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair." British Journal of Surgery 101, no. 7 (April 22, 2014): 802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.9516.

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Cui, Xiaoling, Xiaoyun Du, Yanzhou Cao, Guochen Sang, Yangkai Zhang, Lei Zhang, and Yiyun Zhu. "Thermophysical Properties Characterization of Sulphoaluminate Cement Mortars Incorporating Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage." Energies 13, no. 19 (September 24, 2020): 5024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195024.

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Efficient use of solar energy by thermal energy storage composites and utilizing environmentally friendly cementitious materials are important trends for sustainable building composite materials. In this study, a paraffin/low density polyethylene (LDPE) composite shape-stabilized phase change material (SSPCM) was prepared and incorporated into a sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) mortar to prepare thermal energy storage mortar. The thermal and mechanical properties of SSPCM and a SAC-based thermal energy storage material (SCTESM) were investigated. The result of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis indicates that the latent heat of SCTESM is as high as 99.99 J/g. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that the SCTESM does not show significant decomposition below 145 °C. The volume stability test shows the volume shrinkage percentage of the SCTESM is less than that of pure SAC mortar and far less than that of ordinary Portland cement mortar. The SCTESM has high early strength so that the compressive strength at 1-, 3-, and 7-day curing age is up to that at 28-day curing age of 67.5%, 78.3%, and 86.7%, respectively. Furthermore, a mathematical prediction model of the SCTESM compressive strength was proposed. The investigation of latent heat storage characteristics and the thermoregulating performance reveals that SCTESMs have the excellent capacity of heat storage and thermoregulating.

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Guo, Huijuan, Peihan Wang, Qiuyi Li, Guoying Liu, Qichang Fan, Gongbing Yue, Shuo Song, Shidong Zheng, Liang Wang, and Yuanxin Guo. "Properties of Light Cementitious Composite Materials with Waste Wood Chips." Materials 15, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 8669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238669.

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The CO2 emissions from the cement industry and the production of waste wood chips are increasing with the rapid growth of the construction industry. In order to develop a green environmental protection building material with low thermal conductivity and up to standard mechanical properties, in this study, pine waste wood chips were mixed into cement-based materials as fine aggregate, and three different kinds of cementitious binders were used, including sulfur aluminate cement (SAC), ordinary Portland cement (OPC), and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), to prepare a recycled light cementitious composite material. The mechanical, thermal conductivity, shrinkage, water absorption, and pore structure of a wood chip light cementitious composite material were studied by changing the Ch/B (the mass ratio of wood chip to binder). The results showed that the strength, dry density, and thermal conductivity of the specimens decreased significantly with the increase in the Ch/B, while the shrinkage, water absorption, and pore size increased with the increase in the Ch/B. By comparing three different kinds of cementitious binders, the dry density of the material prepared with OPC was 942 kg/m3, the compressive strength of the material prepared with SAC was 13.5 MPa, and the thermal conductivity of the material prepared with slag was the lowest at 0.15 W/m/K. From the perspective of low-cost and low-carbon emissions, it was determined that the best way to prepare a light cementitious composite with waste wood chips is to use granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) as the cementitious binder.

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Chaudhuri, Arindam. "Focused Interventions Aimed at Increasing Sac Shrinkage Rates After Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: Awaiting a Cohesive Analysis." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 28, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526602821989344.

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Ishibashi, Hiroyuki, Tsuneo Ishiguchi, Takashi Ohta, Ikuo Sugimoto, Hirohide Iwata, Tetsuya Yamada, Masao Tadakoshi, Noriyuki Hida, Yuki Orimoto, and Seiji Kamei. "Mid-term results of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: Is it possible to predict sac shrinkage?" Surgery Today 41, no. 12 (October 4, 2011): 1605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00595-011-4531-1.

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Nestorovic, Dragoslav, Igor Nikolic, Svetlana Milosevic-Medenica, Aleksandar Janicijevic, and Goran Tasic. "Internal carotid artery “donut” aneurysm treated using DERIVO flow-diverting stent." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 150, no. 1-2 (2022): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh210718101n.

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Introduction. Intracranial aneurysms with a radiological sign of a donut are a medical priority and have been described in a small number of cases. This radiological sign occurs in aneurysms in which there is partial thrombosis inside aneurismal sac and circular laminar flow between the aneurismal wall and the thrombus in its center. Consequently, there is a central contrast-filling defect of the aneurysm sac observed on different angiographic imaging methods. Case outline. We present a 35-year-old female patient admitted for examination due to frequent headaches, visual disturbances on the left and loss of sight on the right eye. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed an aneurysm on the right internal carotid artery measuring 25.6 ? 25 mm, while neck measured 11 mm and included part of the C6 and C7 segments. Treatment decision was made that placing a flow-diverting stent across the aneurysm neck would be most beneficial in this case. After the procedure, the patient was discharged in the same general condition as she was before admission to the hospital. Seven months after the intervention, she reported for her first DSA control examination. Normal position of the left A1 segment was demonstrated, suggesting shrinkage of the aneurysm sac. An improvement of vision on both eyes was stated. Conclusion. We present a patient with a ?donut? aneurysm on the internal carotid artery, successfully treated with a flow-diverting stent.

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van der Laan, Maarten J., Monique Prinssen, Daniel Bertges, Michel S. Makaroun, and Jan D. Blankensteijn. "Does the Type of Endograft Affect AAA Volume Change after Endovascular Aneurysm Repair?" Journal of Endovascular Therapy 10, no. 3 (June 2003): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280301000302.

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Purpose: To compare thrombus volume changes in a longitudinal study over 2 years after endovascular aneurysm repair using the Ancure and Excluder endografts. Methods: In 2 institutions, all consecutive patients treated with a bifurcated Ancure or Excluder endograft were included in this retrospective comparison of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) data recorded and stored to disk postoperatively and at the 12 (12M) and 24-month (24M) follow-up examinations. In one institution, among 45 Ancure endograft patients, 35 (group A) had the 3 requisite scans available. In the second institution, 23 (group B) of 36 patients with the Excluder endograft were eligible for analysis. The proportional volume change was calculated at 12M and 24M and compared to the postoperative CT data. More than 10% shrinkage was considered significant. Results: In both groups, the median absolute volume changed significantly. In group A, significant shrinkage was found in 66% (23/35) at 12M and 74% (26/35) at 24M; in group B, 46% (10/23) had significant shrinkage at 12M as well as at 24M (p=0.027 for the difference between groups A and B at 24M). Statistical analysis of the proportional volume change showed a significant difference between the Ancure and the Excluder devices at 12M (p=0.009) and 24M (p=0.001). Multivariate analysis found aneurysm size (p<0.012) and endograft type (p=0.026) to be independently predictive of the absolute volume change. Conclusions: Sac volume shrinkage after endovascular aneurysm repair is less pronounced and less frequent with the Excluder endoprosthesis than with the Ancure endograft.

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Nishibe, Toshiya, Alan Dardik, Jun Koizumi, Masaki Kano, Shinobu Akiyama, Toru Iwahashi, Kentaro Kamiya, Toshiki Fujiyoshi, and Hitoshi Ogino. "Simple renal cyst and its association with sac shrinkage after endovascular aneurysm repair for abdominal aortic aneurysms." Journal of Vascular Surgery 71, no. 6 (June 2020): 1890–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.05.073.

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Sternbergh, W. Charles, Michael S. Conners, Britt H. Tonnessen, Glen Carter, and Samuel R. Money. "Aortic Aneurysm Sac Shrinkage after Endovascular Repair Is Device-dependent: A Comparison of Zenith and AneuRx Endografts." Annals of Vascular Surgery 17, no. 1 (January 2003): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10016-001-0334-y.

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