Dissertations / Theses: 'SaaS tool'

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Bourgeois, Guillaume. "Analyse et modélisation de l’impact environnemental du système d’information." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS023.

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Le numérique est devenu une partie intégrante de notre vie quotidienne, mais il a un impact environnemental important, notamment en termes de consommation d’énergie, de production de gaz à effet de serre, de déchets électroniques, de pollution de l’eau et de l’air, de déforestation, et de diminution de la biodiversité. Les organisations prennent conscience de leur responsabilité environnementale et cherchent à réduire leur empreinte carbone liée au SI (système d’information). Pour aider les organisations à piloter leur empreinte carbone SI, cette thèse propose un cadre d’aide à la décision basé sur une modélisation fine de l’impact environnemental du système d’information. Ce cadre permet d’identifier les actions les plus efficaces pour réduire l’impact environnemental du SI en prenant en compte les contraintes opérationnelles et financières des organisations. Les outils WeNR sont présentés comme des applications concrètes de ce cadre d’aide à la décision, qui permettent de mesurer l’impact environnemental du SI au sein des organisations et de proposer des mesures concrètes pour le réduire. Enfin, l’auteur présente les perspectives d’un outil SaaS d’aide à la décision dans le numérique responsable qui permettrait de collecter automatiquement les données relatives à l’empreinte carbone numérique de l’organisation, de les analyser et de proposer des actions spécifiques pour la réduire, ainsi que de fournir des indicateurs clés de performance environnementale
Digital technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, but it has a significant environmental impact, particularly in terms of energy consumption, greenhouse gas production, electronic waste, water and air pollution, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. Organizations are becoming aware of their environmental responsibility and are seeking to reduce their carbon footprint related to information systems. To help organizations manage their IS carbon footprint, this thesis proposes a decision support framework based on a detailed modeling of the environmental impact of the information system. This framework identifies the most effective actions to reduce the environmental impact of the IS, taking into account the operational and financial constraints of the organizations. The WeNR tools are presented as concrete applications of this decision support framework, which allow measuring the environmental impact of the IS within organizations and proposing concrete measures to reduce it. Finally, the author presents the prospects of a responsible digital SaaS decision support tool that would automatically collect data on the organization’s digital carbon footprint, analyze it, propose specific actions to reduce it, and provide key environmental performance indicators

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Sidhu, Sabeena. "Small angle x-ray scattering as a diagnostic tool for breast cancer." Monash University. Faculty of Science. Monash Centre for Synchrotron Science, 2009. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/73839.

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Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in Australian women. Current pathological analysis examines a small section of tissue for cellular and plasma abnormalities using a light microscope. However, this method of diagnosis, despite being the current gold standard, has its limitations, where human error and professional experience can influence a patient’s diagnosis. A potential alternative or adjunct to conventional histopathology for classifying tissue disease status is offered by Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). At the time of commencement of this work, there had been several small scale studies which examined the potential of SAXS to classify the disease status of breast tissue. These tended to focus on the supramolecular structure of collagen fibrils found in the breast, where it is known that the degradation of these fibres is related to the spread of disease. Most previous studies also used a synchrotron as an X-ray source, due to the intense and highly collimated flux available. This study used a synchrotron source, but also evaluated the use of a laboratory X-ray source, as a more convenient and relatively inexpensive alternative that could one day find application in the clinic. The work presented in this thesis analyses the largest cohort of patients and breast tissue samples studied to date using SAXS: 130 patients with 543 tissue samples. Tissues were sourced from surgical waste and classified into four groups: invasive carcinoma, benign, normal, and mammoplasty. Mammoplasty tissue samples were harvested from patients undergoing breast reduction and/or reconstruction, where no history or presence of disease was indicated. Normal tissue was sampled from patients with known disease, but pathological analysis of the tissue core diagnosed it as normal. A comprehensive analysis of the scattering patterns was carried out, analysing features arising from the collagen structure and orientation, the total scattered intensity, and adipose tissue in the breast. Features related to the axial D-spacing of the collagen fibrils within the breast tissue as well as the integrated scattering intensity (called amorphous scatter) demonstrated the highest ability to discriminate tissue types, in SAXS images acquired from both the synchrotron source and the laboratory X-ray source. The amorphous scatter intensities obtained using a synchrotron source showed highly significant differences (p < 0.01) for almost all of the tissue pair comparisons: invasive carcinoma vs. benign, invasive carcinoma vs. normal, invasive carcinoma vs. mammoplasty, benign vs. mammoplasty, and normal vs. mammoplasty. However, no significant difference was seen in the amorphous scatter between benign versus normal tissues (p = 0.30). The amorphous scatter values increased with severity of disease, i.e. it was the highest for invaded tissues and decreased progressively from benign to normal to mammoplasty. There was a significant difference between normal and mammoplasty tissue types using the amorphous scatter as a discriminator (p = 0.0025). Pathological assessment cannot differentiate between these two tissue types, which suggests that there may be changes occurring in these tissue structures at the supramolecular level that can be characterised using SAXS. The ability of SAXS to reveal structural differences between normal and mammoplasty tissue types is highly significant, for both disease diagnosis and treatment, as well as for understanding disease progression. For example, these differences might aid in determining surgical margin clearance of excised breast lesions as well as potentially provide a means of pre-screening or perhaps improve false-negative rates of diagnosis. The potential of SAXS to reveal macroscopic extent and directional spread of disease was explored using two-dimensional mapping of the amorphous scatter. These maps showed broad agreement with histopathological diagnosis, but further investigation regarding their reliability and interpretation for clinical utility is still needed. Changes in both the amorphous scatter and the axial D- spacing were seen in tissue samples up to 6 cm away from the primary site of disease. In particular, a significant decrease in both parameters was seen between the centre of the tumour (at 0 cm) and 2 cm away, suggesting that closer examination of the tissue structures over the disease/healthy tissue border may provide information regarding the mechanisms of metastasis and growth of cancerous tumours. The combination of the amorphous scattering results from the two X-ray sources indicates that the size of the scatterers may be the key in classifying tissue types. The synchrotron source was able to access a lower q-range (q = 0.1-0.6 nm-1) and the laboratory source covered a larger q-range (q = 0.25-2.3 nm-1). Mammoplasty tissues appear to be characterised by large scattering components (d > 25.13 nm), whereas normal tissues are characterised by slightly smaller scattering components (10.47 nm < d < 25.13 nm) and benign tissues by even smaller scattering components (4.83 < d < 10.47 nm). It appears that the size of the scatterers contributing to the total scattering intensity decreases with severity of disease, which was seen independently with both X-ray sources. Further investigation is warranted to determine the biological origin of these differences. These results also suggest that the optimum SAXS instrument may need to cover a scattering vector range of q < 0.25 nm-1 to identify differences in healthy tissue types, and q > 2.3 nm-1 to possibly investigate invasive carcinoma tissue types. A SAXS apparatus that can examine a large q-range may provide all of the necessary information from the amorphous scatter to differentiate between tissue groups. The periodic structure of collagen fibrils along their longitudinal axis can be characterised by the axial D-spacing, where this spacing was found to change with the presence of disease. The axial D-spacing for healthy breast tissues was found to be significantly lower in normal and mammoplasty tissues compared to invaded tissues (p = 0.0050 and p = 0.0093, respectively). However, no significant differences between the other tissue group pairs were seen (p > 0.05). These differences were evident in classification modelling of the four tissue groups, where the amorphous scatter and the amplitude of a collagen axial peak were used to build a probability model for disease status. The model showed high sensitivities (> 70%) and widely variable specificities (ranged from 18-97%) for the data examined with the synchrotron source. This means that the model was a good indicator of disease, but poor at indentifying healthy tissue types. The work presented in this thesis shows that SAXS is capable of distinguishing breast tissue types with high sensitivity and has the potential to become a significant tool for the investigation of cancer progression or even diagnosis. Further investigation into the amorphous scatter and axial D-spacing in particular may provide insight into the biological mechanisms related to tissue degradation associated with invasive disease.

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Tiefert, Brian E. "Modeling control channel dynamics of the SAAM Architecture using the NS network simulation tool." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA371825.

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Johansson, Magnus. "NetworkPerf : A tool for the investigation of TCP/IP network performance at Saab Transpondertech." Thesis, Linköping University, IISLAB - Laboratory for Intelligent Information Systems, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19780.

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To detect network changes and network troubles, Transpondertech needs a tool that can make network measurements.

The purpose of this thesis has been to find measurable network properties that best reflect the status of a network, to find methods to measure these proerties and to implement these methods in one single tool. The resulting tool is called NetworkPerf and can measure the following network properties: availability, round-trip delay, delay variation, number of hops, intermediate hosts, available bandwidth, available ports, and maximum allowed packet size. Together, these properties give a good picture of the status of a network connection.

The thesis also presents the methods used for meassuring these properties in the tool.

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Meneghetti, Federica <1995&gt. "The sagas of Borg: Íslendigasögur as political tools in 13th century Iceland." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19158.

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Analisi di due saghe islandesi composte durante il Medioevo appartenenti al genere delle “Saghe degli Islandesi” in relazione al loro utilizzo come strumenti politici per rafforzare la posizione sociale e il diritto a governare sul distretto di Borgarfjördur della dinastia degli Sturlung . Le due saghe, Egils saga e Gunnlaugs saga Ormstungu, sono entrambe ambientate a Borg o nelle sue vicinanze. Verrà fornita un’introduzione riguardante la struttura politica e sociale dell’Islanda in due diversi periodi storici: l’undicesimo secolo e il tredicesimo secolo. Ad essa segue la presentazione della vita e delle opere del famoso storico islandese Snorri Sturluson, rilevante ai fini di questa analisi. Le due saghe verranno poi analizzate dopo averne fornito una breve sezione introduttiva e un riassunto degli eventi in esse raccontati. Infine, verrà analizzata la relazione tra le due saghe e il loro utilizzo a livello politico.

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Mansoor, Younus Ahmed. "A critical analysis of the reference pricing tool used by SARS to address undervaluation of imported clothing." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020755.

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The South African Revenue Service has since 2009 introduced “reference pricing” as a tool to detect undervaluation of customs values of imported clothing and textiles. The term “reference pricing” is not defined in the Customs and Excise Act No.91 of 1964 which is the legislation that governs the importation of goods into the Republic of South Africa. The mandate of the South African Revenue Service, amongst others, is to facilitate legitimate trade. By applying the reference pricing guidelines the South African Revenue Service will target all importers who declare customs values which are less than the reference price for a targeted tariff heading associated with an item of clothing or textile. The Customs and Excise Act No.91 of 1964 is clear in that the transaction value which is the price paid or payable for the imported goods shall be the value used for customs duty purposes. The Customs and Excise Act No.91 of 1964 also requires that the interpretation of the sections 65, 66 and 67 of the said Act shall be subject to the Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (Valuation Agreement). Part I of the Valuation Agreement deals with the rules for customs valuation. Article 17 of part 1 allows for customs administrations to satisfy themselves as to the truth or accuracy of any statement, document or declaration presented for customs valuation purposes. The Technical Committee on Customs Valuation of the World Trade Organisation decided the following in so far as Article 17 of the aforesaid agreement is concerned: “1. When a declaration has been presented and where the customs administration has reason to doubt the truth or accuracy of the particulars or of documents produced in support of this declaration, the customs administration may ask the importer to provide further explanation, including documents or other evidence, that the declared value represents the total amount actually paid or payable for the imported goods, ....” It would appear that the South African Revenue Service is using reference prices as a tool to support its reason for doubting the truth or accuracy of the declared customs values. The indiscriminate use of reference pricing, it is submitted, affects legitimate trade adversely. This treatise provides an understanding of how the customs value should be determined in terms of the Customs and Excise Act No.91 of 1964 and the Valuation Agreement. It then provides a background to reference pricing and how reference pricing will be used to detect undervalued imports of clothing and textiles, the advantages and disadvantages of using reference pricing and a comparative analysis of the approach adopted by the Mexican Tax Administration Service in so far as the use of reference pricing is concerned. It was established that the reference price cannot replace the customs value of an imported clothing item as the customs value is based on the price actually paid or payable for it and not on some arbitrary or fictitious value. The reference price can only be used as a tool to identify importers that are possibly undervaluing the customs values. The disadvantages far outweigh the advantages of using reference pricing. The treatise further provides a background to the use of a valuation database as a risk assessment tool and compares this to the use of reference pricing. The use of reference pricing and its impact on trade facilitation is then discussed as well as whether the use of reference pricing is consistent with the risk management principles as discussed in the World Customs Organisation Risk Management Guide. It was established that the South African Revenue Service has not disclosed the basis of arriving at the reference price per tariff heading that it targets and the use of reference pricing is not sanctioned by any international guideline or agreement. It was also established that the use of reference pricing targets compliant importers unnecessarily and this practice goes against the principles of trade facilitation. The use of reference pricing can be used as a tool to detect undervalued imports of clothing but should not be used as a basis to stop every consignment of clothing simply because the customs value declared is less than the reference price. It should not be used as a stand-alone tool but rather enhanced further with the recommendations provided. In the final analysis, recommendations are provided which seek to enhance the reference pricing mechanism and to further identify and exclude compliant importers and limit the use of reference pricing to target non-compliant importers who undervalue the customs value of imported clothing and textile items.

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Dong, Cunguo. "An investigation into the optimisation of the use of diamond abrasive tools for hard rock cutting." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8644.

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Jukic, Vladimir, and Thom Wikingsson. "BSR Diagnosverktyg – Kommunikation över CAN och K-line bussen." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2234.

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Den här rapporten beskriver ett examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i datorteknik vid Växjö universitet. Vid företaget BSR i Växjö pågår utvecklingen av ett diagnosverktyg benämt BSR Diagnostic Tool. Syftet med projektet är att kunna använda en hårdvaruklass som kommunikationsdel istället för diagnosverktyg från de olika biltillverkarna. Inom objektorienterad programmering är en klass ett avsnitt programkod som samlar en mängd relaterade attributer och funktioner för ett objekt. I rapporten beskrivs implementeringen av hårdvaruklassen samt tillhörande teori för kommunikationsbussen som används, nämligen CAN. BSR har redovisat vilka funktioner som bör finnas med i klassen genom att göra ett diagram med dessa. Målet i första hand var att få en fungerande kommunikation med styrenheter i en Saab. Testning har skett genom ett enkelt testprogram som ger möjlighet att skicka en fråga och få tillbaka ett svar från en styrenhet i fordonet genom hårdvaruklassen. Utvecklingen av systemet har skett med hjälp av programspråket C# och utvecklingsmiljön .NET. Företagets representanter var nöjda med resultatet då det utgör en bra grund för vidareutvecklingen av BSR Diagnostic Tool.

This abstract describes the bachelor degree thesis in computer technology at Växjö University. At the company BSR in Växjö, Sweden there is a new project under development called BSR Diagnostic Tool. The main idea is to use a hardware class for communication instead of the diagnostic tools that are provided by the car manufactures. In object-oriented programming, a class is a programming language construct that is used as a blueprint to create objects. The task was to implement this hardware class which will handle the communication between a computer and the control units in the vehicles. The report also includes a big theoretical part about the communication bus that is used, CAN. The objective was to create the class and make it communicate successfully with a Saab. The testing of the class was done with a simple program. The program can send a question to the vehicle and retrieve an answer with help of the hardware class. BSR provided a diagram with functions that should be present. The development of the system was done using C# and .NET Environment. The company was satisfied with the results since they provided a good basis to further development of BSR Diagnostic Tool.

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Dallas, Helen Fiona. "An evaluation of SASS (South African scoring system) as a tool for the rapid bioassessment of water quality." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21180.

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Bibliography: pages 139-150.
The South African Scoring System (SASS) is a rapid bioassessment technique based on one component of riverine biotas, the benthic macroinvertebrates. Each taxon is assigned a tolerance/sensitivity score, which are summed to provide a Total Score. The Average Score per Taxon (ASPT) is calculated by dividing this Total Score by the number of taxa. This study was undertaken to evaluate the SASS technique as a tool for the assessment of water quality. Three study-sites, which differed in water quality, in the south-western Cape were selected for a detailed investigation into sample variability and replication of two methods of biological assessment, namely quantitative box-sampling and SASS. The ability of each method to differentiate between these sites was determined. The more general application of SASS in the south-western Cape was examined at forty nine sites and potential problems associated with SASS, namely biotope availability, temporal variability and longitudinal changes were investigated. A minimum of twelve and four quantitative samples is needed to ensure collection of 95% or 75% of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa respectively. Sampling within a single biotope component, such as a "riffle" or "run" would reduce the number of samples needed. A minimum of four and two SASS samples is needed to ensure collection of 95% or 75% of the taxa respectively. This technique is however designed such that only one sample is taken per site. The Total Score that one sample would produce as a percentage of the Total Score from 20 samples, were 28% , 59% and 45% for Sites 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Total Score increases with increasing sampling effort, whilst ASPT is relatively unaffected by sampling effort. ASPT should therefore be used in interpretation of scores. Variability, as determined by both quantitative sampling and rapid bioassessment, was greatest at the least impacted site. Such sites should be more intensively sampled, either by increasing the number of box- samples taken, or by increasing the time period for SASS sampling.

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Teichert, Ernest J. "Forging peace together : building partnership capacity as an important tool for international security and stability /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=75704185-dd3b-4790-826a-51df5fdbf14c&rs=PublishedSearch.

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Hahm, Oliver. "Enabling Energy Efficient Smart Object Networking at Internet-Scale : Experimental Tools, Software Platform, and Information-Centric Networking Protocols." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX090/document.

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L'Internet des Objets a pour but d'intégrer des milliards d'objets connectés dans l'Internet.Du point de vue matériel, ces objets connectés sont de petits ordinateurs très bon marché, basés sur des micro-contrôleurs et des puces radio efficaces en énergie apparus récemment, couplés avec des capteurs et actionneur divers, le tout alimenté par une batterie de très petite taille.Ces objets connectés sont donc typiquement très contraints en ressources telles que CPU, mémoire et énergie.De plus, les liens radio à travers lesquels communiquent les objets connectés ont une capacité très limitée, sont souvent sujet à des taux de perte importants, et peuvent requérir du routage spontané entre objets connectés pour fournir la connectivité nécessaire.Ces caractéristiques posent des défis, d'une part en termes de logiciel embarqué s'exécutant sur les objets connectés, et d'autre part en termes de protocols réseaux utilisés par les objets connectés pour communiquer.En conséquence, de nouvelles méthodes et outils expérimentaux sont nécessaires pour étudier in vivo les réseaux formés d'objets connectés, de nouvelles plateformes logicielles sont nécessaires pour exploiter efficacement les objets connectés, et des protocoles de communication innovants sont nécessaire pour interconnecter ces objets.La présente thèse relève en partie ces défis, en introduisant des nouveaux outils facilitant l'utilisation de grands réseaux test interconnectant de nombreux objets connectés, un nouveau système d'exploitation (RIOT) utilisable sur une très grande variété d'objets connectés, ainsi que plusieurs nouveaux mécanismes utilisant le paradigme des réseaux centrés contenus pour améliorer significativement l'efficacité énergétique des protocoles de communication standards de l'Internet des Objets
The Internet of Things aims to seamlessly integrate billions of so-called Smart Objects into traditional Internet infrastructures.From the hardware perspective, Smart Objects emerged when tiny, cheap computers became available, combining energy efficient micro-controllers, low-power radio transceivers, and sensors as well as actuators interacting with the physical world, often powered by batteries.Typically, Smart Objects are thus heavily constrained in terms of CPU, memory and energy resources.Furthermore, wireless links used for communication among Smart Objects or towards the Internet are often slow, subject to high packet loss, and may require spontaneous store-and-forward among peer Smart Objects to ensure connectivity.Such characteristics pose challenges, on one hand in terms of software running on Smart Objects, and on the other hand in terms of network protocols Smart Objects use to communicate.In consequence, novel evaluation methods and experimental tools are needed to study Smart Object networks in vivo, new software platforms are needed to efficiently operate Smart Objects, and innovative networking paradigms and protocols are required to interconnect Smart Objects.This thesis addresses these challenges by introducing new tools for large scale testbed-driven experimental research, a novel operating system (RIOT) applicable to a wide variety of connected Smart Objects, and several new mechanisms leveraging information-centric networking which significantly improve energy-efficiency compared to state-of-the-art network protocols in the Internet of Things

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Dias, Amanda Fontes Aragão. "Análise do uso da luz natural em salas de aula : estudo de caso em Aracaju - SE." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/726.

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The use of daylight brings many advantages, as a better quality lighting, psychophysiological benefits and the outside view. In addition, it minimizes the use of artificial lighting and it contributes to the recent interest in energy efficiency. But, despite the daylight s availability existing in Brazil, especially in its Northeast, and despite the great number of daylighting simulation tools, the concern with its optimization hardly takes part on the inicial design of buidings. This thesis is embedded within this context and it aims to analyze and compare the lighting performance between classrooms, trying to support daylighting in these environments. With the TropLux, the simulation of a standard classroom in the city of Aracaju, state of Sergipe, designated Geometry 1, the simulation of some changes in its characteristics, designated Geometries 2 and 3, and the simulation of new geometries with daylighting systems, designated Geometries 4 and 5, were proceeded. In both cases, the CIE Sky types 1 (overcast), 10 (partly cloudy) and 14 (clear) were considered. To analyze the lighting performance of these geometries, it was created isocurves graphics with percentages of illuminances inside the interval 300 lx < E < 2000 lx. From these isocurves graphics, different behaviours of the geometries under the Sky types analyzed were observed. To compare its performances, the average of illuminance s average, the average of the illuminance s percentages inside the interval above and the maximum and minimum values of the illuminance s average were calculated. These values evidence that isolated interventions in the standard classroom (Geometry 1), like increasing the ceiling reflectance (Geometry 2) or adopting a dropped ceiling plan (Geometry 3), does not contribute with the lighting performance s improvement in the illuminance`s interval considered. Nevertheless, they evidence na evolution in the lighting performance of Geometry 5 in relation to the standard classroom (Geometry 1).
O uso da luz natural traz diversas vantagens, dentre as quais destacam-se uma melhor qualidade da iluminação, benefícios psicofisiológicos e o contato com o meio exterior. Além disso, reduz o uso dos sistemas de iluminação artificial, contribuindo com o recente interesse pela eficiência energética. Mas, apesar da disponibilidade de luz natural existente no Brasil, especialmente na sua região Nordeste, e da existência de ferramentas de simulação computacional da luz natural, a preocupação com a sua otimização dificilmente faz parte da fase inicial de projeto das edificações. É dentro desse contexto que o presente trabalho está inserido, com o objetivo de analisar e comparar o desempenho luminoso entre salas de aula, tentando favorecer o uso da luz natural nesses ambientes. Utilizando-se o TropLux, procedeu-se à simulação de uma sala de aula padrão da cidade de Aracaju, no estado de Sergipe, designada Geometria 1, e de duas salas com alterações de algumas de suas características, designadas Geometrias 2 e 3, além de duas novas geometrias contendo elementos de controle e redirecionamento da luz natural, designadas Geometrias 4 e 5. Em ambos os casos foram considerados os céus CIE 1 (encoberto), 10 (parcialmente encoberto) e 14 (claro). Para a análise do desempenho luminoso das geometrias foram gerados gráficos de isocurvas contendo os percentuais de iluminâncias dentro do intervalo 300 lx < E < 2000 lx. A partir deles, observou-se os diferentes comportamentos das geometrias sob os tipos de céu analisados. Para a comparação entre os seus desempenhos, foram calculadas a média das iluminâncias médias, a média dos percentuais de iluminâncias dentro do intervalo proposto e os valores máximo e mínimo das iluminâncias médias. Tais valores demonstram que intervenções isoladas na sala de aula em estudo (Geometria 1), como o aumento da refletância do teto (Geometria 2) ou a inclusão de um teto rebaixado plano (Geometria 3), não trazem melhorias em relação ao seu desempenho luminoso dentro do intervalo de iluminâncias considerado. Apesar disso, sugerem uma evolução no desempenho luminoso da Geometria 5 em relação à sala de aula em estudo (Geometria 1).

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CARDOSO, PEDRO A. da S. L. "Influencia dos tratamentos termicos de tempera e revenimento no processo de nitretacao em banho de sais no aco rapido AISI M-2." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10774.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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DI, STASIO Leonardo. "Voltage Sags (Dips) Measured in Real Interconnected Systems: Methods and Tools to Detect their Origin, and to Forecast Future Performance." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Cassino, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11580/90839.

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The availability of data measured in the field is one of the greatest advances in the last decades for electric power systems planning, management and control. The technological innovations of systems and devices for the measurement of a wide range of quantities allowed their installation at almost all levels of voltages, from distribution to transmission. Increasing number of proposals of new techniques are coming from researchers and system operators for facing the various problems of system operation relying on the availability of measured data in real systems. The data from the field enable data-driven approaches, which can be integrated into traditional model-based methods constructing the so-called digital twin of a system. It is a system digital model whose parameters and linkages are continuously changed and tuned in accordance with the measurements from the actual system in service. New and attractive possibilities for addressing the problems of planning, managing, and controlling the power systems are opening for researchers and system operators. The studies presented in this thesis used the voltage sags measured in the medium voltage (MV) regional systems of E-Distribuzione for four years. Two main problems were faced by data-driven approaches: the ascertaining the origin of the measured voltage sags, and the forecasting the voltage sags which will occur in the site of the system. The correct ascertaining of the origin of voltage sags is crucial in view of future economic regulation by the national energy Authorities. It gives to the system operator the correct indication if the measured sags were or not due to faults in his own network interconnected with other systems. The possibility of forecasting the future performance in terms of voltage sags per year was a challenge never dealt with in the literature for the absence for field data. The literature, till now, proposed methods, models, and tools to estimate the average performance of a system, derived from model-based approaches. Regarding the origin of the voltage sags measured at the MV busbars of the High Voltage/Medium Voltage (HV/MV) stations, this thesis analyses and compares two methods which use only the residual voltage, the time the voltage sags occurred, and their duration. The analysis was conducted also studying the effect of the presence of DG (Distributed Generation). The data from field, moreover, revealed that in some specific cases the sags caused by faults in the MV systems propagated to HV networks. This problem was also studied simulating a portion of a real system, which presents the interconnections between HV and MV network. Regarding the forecast of voltage sags, the thesis proposed two main methods which use at least three years of measurement. The common choice of these two methods is the selection of the random variable, different from the statistical variable used by all the methods in literature. The random variable used in this study is the time to next event, that is the time intercurred between each couple of sags, instead of the variable number of voltage sags. This choice allows a huge increase of the data sets with the positive consequence of reasonable measurements time to obtain a forecast with acceptable accuracy. The first method, based on Poisson model, is suitable for rare sags, that are the sags occurred with a time to next event of the dimension of hours. The second method, based on Gamma model, is suitable for all the voltage sags, comprehensive of sags occurred close each other as groups. The latter, named clusters, are typically due to exogenous causes from the power systems, like adverse climatic conditions or fires. Intermittent indices are also proposed introduced for an initial screening of the measured sags to focus if, and how many, clusters are present in the data base of the measured sags. Such analysis drives the successive steps of the statistical analyses for discriminating the adequacy of Poisson and Gamma models. The studies presented in this thesis are the subjects of the scientific papers listed below. [1] C. Noce, M. D. Santis, L. D. Stasio, P. Varilone and P. Verde, "Detecting the Origin of the Voltage Sags Measured in the Smart Grids," 2019 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP), July 2nd-4th 2019, pp. 129-135, doi: 10.1109/ICCEP.2019.8890121. [2] C. Noce, L. Di Stasio, P. Varilone, P. Verde and M. De Santis, "On the Forecast of the Voltage Sags: First Stages of Analysis on Real Systems," 2020 55th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 1st – 4th September 2020, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/UPEC49904.2020.9209816. [3] De Santis, M.; Di Stasio, L.; Noce, C.; Verde, P.; Varilone, P. Initial Results of an Extensive, Long-Term Study of the Forecasting of Voltage Sags. Energies 2021, 14, 1264. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051264. [4] Paola Verde, Pietro Varilone, Leonardo Di Stasio, Michele De Santis, Christian Noce, Previsione dei buchi di tensione: sfide aperte dalla regolazione. AEIT - Volume 107 - Numero 1/2 gennaio/febbraio 2021 - ISSN 1825-828X , pp. 46-53. [5] M. De Santis, L. Di Stasio, C. Noce, P. Verde and P. Varilone, "Indices of Intermittence to Improve the Forecasting of the Voltage Sags Measured in Real Systems," in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2021.3082280. [6] Leonardo Di Stasio, Paola Verde, Pietro Varilone, Michele De Santis, Christian Noce, “Stochastic Model to Forecast the Voltage Sags in Real Power Systems”, AEIT International Conference, October 4th – 8th 2021. [7] G. M. Casolino, L. Di Stasio, P. Varilone, P. Verde, C. Noce, M. De Santis, “On the Forecast of the Voltage Sags Using the Measurements in Real Power Systems”, Accepted for the Conference ICHQP2022, Naples (IT), May 29th- June 1st 2022.

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Ismaïl, Mohamed Amine. "Study and optimization of data protection, bandwidth usage and simulation tools for wireless networks." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4074.

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La conception de systèmes de communication sans fil supportant les services émergents suscite de plus en plus d'intérêt et ne cesse de poser des problèmes et des défis techniques à la communauté scientifique. Dans cette thèse, nous avons adressé trois de ces problèmes. La première contribution porte sur la fiabilisation des liaisons sans fil et en particulier sur la protection des données contre les évanouissements de longue durée dans le cadre d'un lien "satellite vers mobile". Nous avons proposé un algorithme innovant, appelé Codage Multi-rafale Glissant (CMRG), qui étend la protection “intra-rafale” (MPE-FEC) de DVB-H à une protection “inter-rafale”. Ce nouveau mécanisme permet la récupération de rafales intégralement perdues tout en prenant en compte les spécificités des équipements mobiles de poche. S'appuyant sur une organisation intelligente des données, notre algorithme offre une protection améliorée contre les évanouissements du signal de longue durée tout en utilisant le codage Reed-Solomon implémenté dans les puces DVB-H. CMRG a été approuvé par le Forum DVB et a été intégré à la norme DVB-SH dans laquelle il joue désormais un rôle clé. La deuxième contribution de cette thèse est liée à l'optimisation pratique de la bande passante dans le cadre de liaisons sans fil. Nous avons proposé WANcompress, une technique de compression de bande passante permettant de détecter et d'éliminer le trafic réseau redondant en envoyant uniquement une étiquette au lieu d'envoyer les paquets d'origine. Là où les techniques de compression habituelles opèrent sur des kilooctets (quelques secondes de trafic), WANcompress travaille à une échelle beaucoup plus importante de l'ordre de giga-octets (plusieurs jours, voire semaines de trafic). Nous avons effectué des expérimentations poussées qui ont montré que que Wancompress permet d'atteindre un facteur 25 en compression, ainsi qu'un facteur 22 en accélération. Des essais conduits sur des liens WiMAX et Satellite opérationnels transportant un trafic réel ont montré que WANcompress a amélioré considérablement le débit (jusqu'à 10 fois), et en moyenne 33% de la bande passante a été économisée. La troisième contribution de cette thèse est liée à la simulation des réseaux sans fil. Nous avons proposé un module IEEE 802. 16 WiMAX pour le simulateur ns-3. Notre module fournit une mise en oeuvre détaillée et conforme au standard de la topologie point-à-multipoint (PMP) avec le mode “Time Division Duplex” (TDD). Il supporte un grand nombre de fonctionnalités, permettant ainsi la simulation d'un ensemble riche et varié de scénarios tout en fournissant des résultats proches de la réalité. Ces fonctionnalités incluent notamment la gestion de la qualité de service (QoS), l'ordonnancement efficace du trafic montant et descendant, la classification des paquets, la gestion de la bande passante, la création dynamique de flux de service, ainsi qu'une simulation fiable de la couche OFDM qui permet le passage à l'échelle. Ce module a été fusionné avec la branche principale du simulateur ns-3, et est devenue l'une de ses composantes de base à partir de la version v3. 8
Today, many technical challenges remain in the design of wireless networks to support emerging services. The main contributions of this thesis are three-fold in addressing some of these issues. The first contribution addresses the reliability of wireless links, in particular through data protection against long fading time (also known as slow fading) in the context of a direct satellite-to-mobile link. We propose an innovative algorithm, called Multi Burst Sliding Encoding (MBSE), that extends the existing DVB-H intra-burst (MPEFEC) protection to an inter-burst protection. Our MBSE algorithm allows complete burst losses to be recovered, while taking into account the specificity of mobile hand-held devices. Based on an optimized data organization, our algorithm provides protection against long term fading, while still using the Reed-Solomon code already implemented in mobile hand-held chipsets. MBSE has been approved by the DVB Forum and was integrated in the DVB-SH standard in which it now plays a key role. The second contribution is related to the practical optimization of bandwidth usage in the context of wireless links. We have proposed WANcompress, a bandwidth compression technique for detecting and eliminating redundant network traffic by sending only a label instead of the original packets. It differs from standard compression techniques in that it removes redundant patterns over a large range of time (days/weeks, i. E. Giga-bytes) where as existing compression techniques operate on a smaller windwos scales (seconds, i. E. Few kilo-bytes). We performed intensive experiments that achieved compression factors up to 25 times, and acceleration factors up to 22 times. In a corporate trial conducted over a WiMAX network for one week, WANcompress improved the bitrate up to 10 times, and on average 33% of the bandwidth was saved. The third contribution is related to the simulation of wireless networks. We have proposed a 802. 16 WiMAX module for the widely used ns-3 simulator. Our module provides a detailed and standard-compliant implementation of the Point to Multi-Point (PMP) topology with Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode. It supports a large number of features, thus enabling the simulation of a rich set of WiMAX scenarios, and providing close-to-real results. These features include Quality of Service (QoS) management, efficient scheduling for both up-link and downlink, packet classification, bandwidth management, dynamic flow creation, as well as scalable OFDM physical layer simulation. This module was merged with the main development branch of the ns-3 simulator, and has become one of its standard features as of version v3. 8

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Ipolitova, Ksenia, and Henna Karvinen. "Evaluating options in design process : Mapping the historical overview of prototyping tools from the 1930's to 2020's at Saab." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139165.

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Widing, Härje. "Business analytics tools for data collection and analysis of COVID-19." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statistik och maskininlärning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176514.

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The pandemic that struck the entire world 2020 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus, will have an enormous interest for statistical and economical analytics for a long time. While the pandemic of 2020 is not the first that struck the entire world, it is the first pandemic in history where the data were gathered to this extent. Most countries have collected and shared its numbers of cases, tests and deaths related to the COVID-19 virus using different storage methods and different data types. Gaining quality data from the COVID-19 pandemic is a problem most countries had during the pandemic, since it is constantly changing not only for the current situation but also because past values have been altered when additional information has surfaced. The importance of having the latest data available for government officials to make an informed decision, leads to the usage of Business Intelligence tools and techniques for data gathering and aggregation being one way of solving the problem. One of the mostly used software to perform Business Intelligence is the Microsoft develop Power BI, designed to be a powerful visualizing and analysing tool, that could gather all data related to the COVID-19 pandemic into one application. The pandemic caused not only millions of deaths, but it also caused one of the largest drops on the stock market since the Great Recession of 2007. To determine if the deaths or other reasons directly caused the drop, the study modelled the volatility from index funds using Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity. One question often asked when talking of the COVID-19 virus, is how deadly the virus is. Analysing the effect the pandemic had on the mortality rate is one way of determining how the pandemic not only affected the mortality rate but also how deadly the virus is. The analysis of the mortality rate was preformed using Seasonal Artificial Neural Network. Forecasting deaths from the pandemic using the Seasonal Artificial Neural Network on the COVID-19 daily deaths data.

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Linderstam, Albin. "Analytical tool for electromechanical actuators for primary and secondary flight control systems : Optimization of the initial design of the EMA using parametric sizing models." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-74246.

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The number of flights have increased by 80% between 1990 and 2014, and the demand for air travel continues to increase. Even though the aviation sector contributes to economical and social benefits, it still affects the climate change [1]. A first step to minimize the environmental impact is to develop more electric aircraft (MEA), where the idea is to maximize the use of electricity and improve the overall energy effciency [2]. In most of today's aircraft, large mechanical transmission shafts with a lot of components are driven by central power units, termed centralized drive systems. By the use of electromechanical actuators (EMAs), a distributed drive systems can be used instead, which increases functionality, reduces mass, maintenance and energy consumption, as well as improves manufacturing and assembly [3]. When designing electromechanical actuators, one must take into account a lot of parameters that affect each other in various ways. It is often a time-consuming job to find the most optimal choice of architecture. Parameters such as temperature, load, lifetime and effciency to mention a few. This master thesis offers a new analytical tool for EMAs of primary and secondary flight control systems for Saab Avionics Systems. The aim of the analytical tool is to characterize the parts of the system and identify important parameters in order to find the most optimal choice of architecture. The tool focus on the main mechanical components such as the three-phase synchronous permanent magnet motor, power-off brake, two-stage planetary gearbox and ball screw. The tool developed in this project generates an initial design of the EMA with optimized dimensions in order to minimize both mass and energy consumption. It functions by identifying three main groups of parameters: The input parameters: fixed values defined by the customer demands The design parameters: variables that the user can change to find the optimal choice of architecture The output parameters: resulting values of either performance or dimensions By defining few design parameters for each component, and implementing multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO), the analytical tool can find an optimized solution for each specific project in a time-efficient way. The final values of the parameters characterize the performance of the EMA.

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Bakni, Michel. "Outil de dimensionnement trans-niveaux de réseaux de capteurs sans fil contraints en énergie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0087.

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Un Réseau de Capteurs Sans Fil (RCSF) est composé d’un ensemble de noeuds alimentés par batterie, associant des capteurs à une unité de traitement et à un émetteur-récepteur sans fil. De nos jours, les RCSF font l’objet de nombreux travaux de recherche et développement. En effet, ces réseaux constituent une solution intéressante afin d’apporter une réponse à différents enjeux sociaux, sociétaux et économiques tels que le déploiement des Smart Grids ou la supervision à distance de la santé de personnes dans un contexte de vieillissement de la population. Ces RCSF ont la capacité d'être déployé dans des environnements contraints, tels que les forêts, les volcans et les bâtiments, pour atteindre divers objectifs : la localisation d’objets et d’individus mais aussi la surveillance de phénomènes physiques, comme les signaux physiologiques de patients ou la température ambiante d’un bâtiment.Cependant, le déploiement de ces RCSF est souvent rendu critique en raison des contraintes imposées par l'environnement d’application, par exemple, les températures pouvant être subies lors de la supervision d’un volcan, ou la difficulté d’accès aux noeuds lorsque ceux-ci sont utilisés pour la surveillance de l'état structurel d'une autoroute ou d'un bâtiment. Par conséquent, les chercheurs et développeurs de ce type de réseau ont besoin d'outils pour tester et évaluer, dans le cadre du processus de conception d'un RCSF, les performances des noeuds et du réseau avant de le déployer dans un environnement réel.Dans ce contexte, les outils de simulation peuvent apporter une solution permettant un gain de temps, une limitation des coûts et des efforts avant le déploiement d’un tel réseau dans son environnement d’utilisation. Ces outils sont donc aujourd’hui largement répandus et utilisés pour évaluer les performances d’un RCSF mais aussi les propositions issues de travaux de recherche relatifs à ce type de réseau. Néanmoins, la conception d'un RCSF, dédié à une application, doit tenir compte de sa structure multi-niveau : topologie, noeuds et circuits. Ainsi, pour aborder les principaux défis liés au RCSF, tels que la problématique d’autonomie énergétique des noeuds, la modélisation de ces réseaux est considérée comme une tâche complexe car l'approche de modélisation utilisée doit considérer sa structure multi-niveau afin de fournir des résultats exploitables provenant simultanément de niveaux d’abstraction différents.Dans cette thèse, nous définissons, proposons et implémentons un modèle trans-niveaux orienté énergie dédié au RCSF permettant de considérer simultanément différents niveaux d'abstraction : topologie, noeuds et circuits. Ce modèle est capable de tracer la consommation énergétique à partir de différents points de vue : l'activité spécifique d'un circuit, les activités d'un circuit ou d'un noeud, ainsi que son impact sur la durée de vie du RCSF. Notre modèle est ensuite implémenté dans un simulateur de RCSF dédié afin, en considérant différents scénarios, de comparer les résultats obtenus avec un simulateur existant et des noeuds réels dans le but de valider la pertinence de notre approche
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a set of battery-powered nodes that include sensors coupled with processing units and wireless transceivers. Nowadays, WSN is a major topic in the research and development domain. Indeed, it constitutes an interesting solution to give an answer to different situations related to social, societal and economic issues such as the need to manage the Smart Grids or to supervise patient’s health in the context of the aging population. This kind of network has the capacity to be simply deployed in harsh environments, such as forests, volcanoes and buildings, to achieve various goals, like tracking targets, animals or human beings for example, or monitoring physical phenomena, such as patient physiological signals or ambient temperature in a building.However, the deployment of WSNs can be critical because of the difficult conditions imposed by the application environment, for example, the high temperatures in the case of volcano activity supervision, or the impossibility of reaching the nodes after deployment, when the WSN must be used to structural health monitoring of a highway or a building. Therefore, researchers and developers need tools to test and evaluate, in the design process of a WSN, node and network performances before deploying it in real surroundings.In this context, simulation can provide a solution that can save time, cost, and effort before deploying a WSN application in its real environment. This explains that simulation tools are widely used in WSN designing stages and for research works evaluation related to this kind of network. Nevertheless, designing a WSN, dedicated to a specific application, needs to address its multilevel structure: topology, nodes and circuits. Thus, to handle the main challenges of WSN design such as energy issues, WSN modelling is considered a complex task because the adopted modelling approach has to take into account the WSN multilevel structure in order to provide exploitable results from different points of view at the same time.In this thesis, we define, propose and implement a cross-level energy-aware model for WSN that allows considering different levels of abstraction at the same time: circuits, nodes and topology. This energy-oriented model is able to trace the energy consumption from multiple points of view: a specific circuit's activity, circuit or node activities, as well as the impact on the WSN lifetime. The proposed model is implemented in a dedicated WSN simulator, which is used, defining different scenarios, to compare obtained results with a well-known simulator and physical WSN nodes with the aim to validate the relevance of our approach

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Blasi, Beriain Ignacio. "Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS stimulates autophagy using a TLR mediated pathway." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461098.

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Resum: Porphyromonas gingivalis often subverts host cell autophagic processes for its own survival. Our previous studies document the association of the cargo sorting protein, melanoregulin (MREG), with its binding partner, the autophagic protein, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in macrophages incubated with P. gingivalis (strain 33277). Differences in the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affect the virulence of P. gingivalis; penta-acylated LPS1690 is a weak Toll-like receptor 4 agonist compared with Escherichia coli LPS, whereas tetra-acylated LPS1435/1449 acts as an LPS1690 antagonist. To determine how P. gingivalis LPS1690 affects autop- hagy we assessed LC3-dependent and MREG- dependent processes in green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3-expressing Saos-2 cells. LPS1690 stimu- lated the formation of very large LC3-positive vac- uoles and MREG puncta. This LPS1690-mediated LC3 lipidation decreased in the presence of LPS1435/1449. When Saos-2 cells were incubated with P. gingivalis the bacteria internalized but did not traffic to GFP-LC3-positive structures. Never- theless, increases in LC3 lipidation and MREG puncta were observed. Collectively, these results suggest that P. gingivalis internalization is not necessary for LC3 lipidation. Primary human gin- gival epithelial cells isolated from patients with periodontitis showed both LC3II and MREG puncta whereas cells from disease-free individu- als exhibited little co-localization of these two pro- teins. These results suggest that the prevalence of a particular LPS moiety may modulate the degradative capacity of host cells, so influencing bacterial survival.

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Price, Daniel Joseph [Verfasser], Jennifer [Akademischer Betreuer] Dressman, Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Saal, Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Kuentz, Anita [Akademischer Betreuer] Nair, and Jennifer [Gutachter] Dressman. "Novel in vitro and in silico tools for the development of mesoporous silica formulations with optimal precipitation inhibitors / Daniel Joseph Price ; Gutachter: Jennifer Dressman ; Jennifer Dressman, Christoph Saal, Martin Kuentz, Anita Nair." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238143725/34.

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Saak, Marcus [Verfasser]. "Entwicklung eines Konzeptes und eines Prototypen für ein rechnergestütztes Werkzeug zum effizienten Einsatz der Problemlösungsmethodik "Spalten" = Development of a concept and of a prototype for a computer-aided tool for the efficient employment of the problem solving methodology "Spalten" / Marcus Saak." Karlsruhe : IPEK, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1002690587/34.

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Kleszczowski, Julien. "Construire l’évaluation de l’impact social dans les organisations à but non lucratif : instrumentation de gestion et dynamiques de rationalisation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX108/document.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse à la manière dont l’évaluation de l’impact social est construite et mise en œuvre au sein des organisations non lucratives. A la croisée du contrôle de gestion et de la théorie des organisations, elle vise à contribuer à la recherche sur les organisations du tiers secteur, peu étudiées en sciences de gestion jusqu’à présent.Depuis quelques années, il existe un large consensus sur la nécessité de mesurer la valeur produite par les organisations à finalité sociale pour la société. Cette mesure doit permettre à ces organisations de rendre compte de l’accomplissement de leur mission à leurs parties prenantes et de piloter leur activité. Malgré une forte volonté de plusieurs acteurs institutionnels, aucune norme ni consensus n’a émergé à ce jour sur la façon d’évaluer l’impact social des organisations non lucratives. Par conséquent, les acteurs sont confrontés à de nombreuses questions sur le contenu et les modalités pertinentes de cette évaluation. Par ailleurs, la mise en place d’une évaluation conforme aux attentes des financeurs au détriment des attentes d’autres parties prenantes, et plus généralement l’influence de la sphère lucrative sur la façon dont l’évaluation de l’impact social est mise en œuvre, induisent des questionnements quant à sa cohérence avec la logique propre des organisations non lucratives.Ces enjeux nous ont amené à faire le choix de nous focaliser sur la construction des pratiques concrètes d’évaluation de l’impact social au sein des organisations non lucratives, et à étudier spécifiquement l’articulation entre les caractéristiques techniques et le contexte de l’évaluation de l’impact social. Pour analyser cela, nous mobilisons la notion de rationalité. La thèse s’appuie également sur les travaux académiques portant sur la mesure de la performance des organisations non lucratives d’une part et sur la littérature relative à l’instrumentation de gestion et aux dispositifs socio-matériels d’autre part.La thèse s’appuie sur une méthodologie de recherche-intervention. Le doctorant a été durant trois ans chef de projet sur l’évaluation de l’impact social au sein d’Apprentis d’Auteuil, une grande fondation dédiée à la jeunesse en difficulté. Le matériau est constitué en deux parties : un niveau organisationnel qui correspond au processus d’élaboration de la réflexion et du déploiement de l’évaluation de l’impact social pour l’organisation dans son ensemble, et un niveau projet qui est composé de cinq démarches d’évaluation de l’impact social d’entités particulières de l’organisation. Cette double observation permet une analyse de l’ensemble des dynamiques associées à l’évaluation de l’impact social au sein de l’organisation.Les résultats de la thèse sont structurés en trois parties. Premièrement, nous proposons un cadre analytique permettant de mettre en perspective l’ensemble des outils d’évaluation de l’impact social existants d’une part et les pratiques en matière d’évaluation de l’impact social d’autre part. Deuxièmement, nous montrons que la mise en œuvre de l’évaluation de l’impact social se traduit par une pluri-rationalité, combinant la rationalité instrumentale et d’autres formes de rationalité, garantissant une cohérence entre le jugement des acteurs externes, la représentation de l’entité évaluée et le processus d’évaluation en lui-même. Troisièmement, nous montrons que l’évaluation de l’impact social peut être considérée comme un mythe rationnel. Ce mythe rationnel a permis l’appropriation de l’idée sans le déploiement d’un outil d’évaluation standardisé, permettant ainsi une mise en œuvre faisant sens pour les acteurs et conforme aux spécificités de l’action non lucrative
This thesis focuses on how social impact assessment is built and implemented within nonprofit organizations. At the crossroads of management accounting and organizational theory, it aims to contribute to the research on third sector organizations which have been little studied in management science until now.In recent years there has been a broad consensus on the need to measure the value for society produced by socially-oriented organizations. This measure should enable these organizations to report on the fulfillment of their mission to their stakeholders and to monitor their activities. Despite the willingness of several institutional actors, no standard or consensus has yet emerged on how to assess the social impact of nonprofit organizations. Thus stakeholders face with many questions about the content and the relevant tools to implement. Moreover, the implementation of an evaluation in line with funders' expectations at the expense of other stakeholders’ expectations and more generally the influence of the business sphere on social impact measurement raise questions about the coherence between social impact measurement and specificity of non-profit organizations.These challenges led us to choose to focus on the construction of actual practices of social impact measurement in nonprofit organizations. We chose to study more specifically the articulation between the technical aspects and the context of social impact measurement. To analyze this, we rely on the notion of rationality. The thesis is also based on the academic work on measuring the performance of non-profit organizations on the one hand and on the literature on management tools and socio-material devices on the other hand.The methodology of the thesis is an intervention research. For three years, the Ph.D. candidate acted as a project coordinator on social impact measurement at Apprentis d'Auteuil, a large French foundation dedicated to youth facing social difficulties. Empirical data is divided in two parts: an organizational level that corresponds to the process of reflection and deployment of social impact measurement within the organization as a whole, and a project level consisting of five social impact evaluations of specific entities inside the organization. This double observation level allows an analysis of various dynamics of social impact measurement within the organization.The results of the thesis are divided into three parts. First, we propose an analytical framework which enables to position both existing social impact measurement tools and organizational practices of social impact measurement. Secondly, we show that the implementation of social impact assessment results in a multi-rationality, combining instrumental rationality with other forms of rationality. This combination of rationalities is analyzed in the judgment of external actors, representation of the entity evaluated and the measurement process itself. Third, we show that social impact assessment can be considered a rational myth. This rational myth allowed the appropriation of the idea without the deployment of a standardized evaluation tool. This appropriation enables a meaningful implementation for the actors in conformity with the specificities of nonprofit organizations

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EKWALL, SUNDBY SOFIA. "Higher education institutions and sustainable development : A case study of a technological university." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301964.

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Today, the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) is education, research, and to contribute to society. The requirement of contributing to society especially requires that the institutions contribute to sustainable development. It is therefore relevant to analyse how HEIs can address and contribute to sustainability and sustainable development. The purpose of this thesis is twofold. Firstly, it aims to analyse the impact that HEIs have on sustainable development by identifying and mapping indicators of impact. Secondly, it aims to illustrate with the empirical case of a technological university in Sweden - the studied technological university is KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The study was conducted as an exploratory single-case study. The study's data consists of qualitative interview data as well as quantitative secondary data. The secondary data was collected from a variety of sources at KTH, including its development plan, objective plans, vision, business plans, annual reports, progress reports on objectives, and follow-up reports. The qualitative data was collected through 11 semi-structured, open-ended interviews with faculty and employees at KTH. The study finds that HEIs - through various sustainability actions in their activities education, research, and collaboration and outreach - can achieve impacts such as pro-environmental behaviour and sustainable development. These measures related to all three pillars of sustainability. The HEIs' impact can be identified through indicators such as number of courses on sustainability and sustainable development and share (%) of the total external funding for research that supports research in the sustainability field. As for KTH specifically, the study shows that KTH is able to impact the areas of environmental, social, and economic sustainability and that the impact can be direct, indirect, short-term, long-term, intended, and positive.
Idag innefattar uppdraget för lärosäten för högre utbildning forskning, utbildning och att bidra till samhället. Uppdraget att bidra till samhället kräver specifikt att lärosätena bidrar till hållbar utveckling. Det är därför relevant att analysera hur lärosäten för högre utbildning kan hantera och bidra till hållbarhet och hållbar utveckling. Denna avhandling har två syften. För det första syftar avhandlingen analysera lärosätenas påverkan på hållbar utveckling genom att identifiera och kartlägga indikatorer på effekt. För det andra syftar avhandlingen exemplifiera och illustrera det första syftet med ett empiriskt fall av ett tekniskt universitet - det studerade universitetet är Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. Studien genomfördes som en utforskande fallstudie där ett fall studerades. Studiens data består av både kvalitativ intervjudata och av kvalitativ och kvantitativ sekundärdata. Datat samlades in från två olika beviskällor - dokumentation och intervjuer. När det gäller dokumentationen samlades data och information in från en mängd olika dokument från KTH, inklusive dess utvecklingsplan, målplaner, vision, affärsplaner, årsrapporter, lägesrapporter och uppföljningsrapporter. Gällande intervjuerna genomfördes 11 halvstrukturerade intervjuer med öppna frågor. Intervjupersonerna bestod av lärare och anställda från olika kontor och avdelningar vid KTH. Studien visar att lärosäten för högre utbildning, genom olika hållbarhetsåtgärder i sin verksamhet kring utbildning, forskning och samarbete, kan uppnå effekter såsom miljövänligt beteende och hållbara livsstilar, minskning av koldioxidpåverkan, ekonomisk tillväxt, jobbskapande, kunskapsutbyte och ekonomiska och sociala fördelar. Tillsammans täcker dessa effekter alla tre typer av hållbarhet, vilket i sin tur innebär att lärosäten kan bidra till en hållbar utveckling i samhället. Lärosätenas påverkan kan identifieras genom indikatorer såsom antal kurser om hållbarhet och hållbar utveckling och andelen (%) av den totala externa forskningsfinansieringen som stödjer forskning inom hållbarhetsområdet. När det gäller KTH specifikt visar studien att KTH kan påverka områdena miljömässig, social och ekonomisk hållbarhet samt att effekterna kan vara direkta, indirekta, kortsiktiga, långsiktiga, avsedda och positiva.

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Aleksovska, Ivana. "Améliorer les prévisions à court et moyen termes des modèles agronomiques en prenant mieux en compte l'incertitude des prévisions météorologiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30270.

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Nous proposons de montrer l'intérêt des prévisions d'ensemble météorologiques dans l'anticipation par les agriculteurs d'application de produits phytosanitaires. En nous appuyant sur les modèles EVA relatif au ver de la grappe en vigne et Septo-LIS à la septoriose du blé, nous illustrons le potentiel des prévisions d'ensemble en les comparants aux données fréquentielles. Nous construisons des ensembles de prévision cohérents, dits "sans couture", bénéficiant de trois systèmes de prévision d'ensemble couvrant différentes échelles spatio-temporelles que nous évaluons d'un point de vue météorologique et agronomique. Après calibrage des prévisions par une approche paramétrique, un raccordement sans couture est effectué au moyen d'une mesure de distance entre prévisions et d'un algorithme d'affectation. Nous montrons que l'affectation dite hongroise permet d'obtenir des prévisions cohérentes de température satisfaisant les critères de continuité temporelle et d'unicité des membres avec une meilleure performance météorologique aux courtes échéances. Les prévisions du modèle EVA sont significativement améliorées par le calibrage des prévisions de température. Le gain des prévisions sans couture n'est pas significatif sur cette application
This PhD-thesis demonstrates the potential of ensemble weather forecasts in the decision support tools developed to assist farmers in anticipating the application of phytosanitary treatments. We consider the models EVA that simulates the dynamics of grape berry moth and Septo-LIS that forecasts the development of wheat septoria. We illustrate the potential of using ensemble weather forecasts in agronomic models compared to frequency data. We then propose strategies to design seamless ensemble weather forecasts that combine information from three ensembles with different spatio-temporal scales. Finally these seamless forecasts are evaluated from a meteorological and agronomic point of view. The design of seamless ensemble predictions is considered as a concatenation problem. Ensemble predictions are first calibrated using a parametric approach, then the concatenation of forecasts is handled with a distance measure and an assignment algorithm. We show that the so-called Hungarian method is able to provide ensembles of independent and temporally consistent forecasts. It is shown that the EVA model is significantly improved by the calibration of temperature forecasts, while the benefit of seamless forecasts is not significant

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Manivannan, Sivaprasath. "Measuring permeability vs depth in the unlined section of a wellbore using the descent of a fluid column made of two distinct fluids : inversion workflow, laboratory & in-situ tests." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX086/document.

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Dans les puits de production d’eau, de pétrole, de gaz et de chaleur géothermique, ou dans les puits d’accès à un stockage d’hydrocarbures, il est précieux de connaître la perméabilité de la formation ou de sa couverture en fonction de la profondeur, soit pour améliorer le modèle de réservoir, soit pour choisir les zones dans lesquelles procéder à des opérations spéciales.On propose une technique qui consiste à balayer la hauteur du découvert par une interface entre deux liquides de viscosités très contrastées. Le débit total qui pénètre la formation à chaque instant est ainsi une fonction de la position de l’interface et de l’historique des pressions dans le puits. On doit alors résoudre un problème inverse : rechercher la perméabilité fonction de la profondeur à partir de l’historique des débits dans le temps. Dans la pratique, le puits est équipé d’un tube central. Le balayage est effectué par injection d’un liquide à pression d’entrée constante dans le tube central et soutirage d’un autre liquide par l’espace annulaire. On mesure les débits d’injection et de soutirage dont la différence est le débit qui entre dans la formation.Pour valider et améliorer cette technique, on a d’abord utilisé une maquette simulant un découvert multi-couches disponible au LMS. On a exploité aussi des essais en place réalisés dans la couverture peu perméable d’un stockage souterrain de gaz. Dans ces essais, un liquide visqueux placé dans le découvert était déplacé par un liquide moins visqueux (méthode dite « opening »). Les couches plus perméables étaient correctement identifiées (Manivannan et al. 2017), mais une estimation quantitative était un défi en raison des phénomènes transitoires qui affectent le voisinage immédiat des puits. De plus, le rayon investigué dans le massif était petit.La thèse a relevé ces défis en proposant un essai légèrement différent et une nouvelle technique d’interprétation. Les essais avec une maquette modifiée ont montré la supériorité d’une méthode « closing » dans laquelle le puits est d’abord rempli du liquide le moins visqueux. On ménage une période de stabilisation avant l’injection du liquide visqueux pour réduire les effets transitoires ; elle permet aussi d’estimer la perméabilité moyenne et l’influence de la zone endommagée à la paroi (le « skin »).Puis on conduit l’essai proprement dit. L’historique des débits mesurés en tête de puits constitue le profil d’injection dont on déduit le profil de perméabilité.. Cette estimation suppose un écoulement monophasique dans chaque couche et la même « skin » pour toute la formation. Les incertitudes principales portent sur les pressions de formation et les variations possibles du « skin ». Elles sont estimées au moyen d’un calcul analytique. On a vérifié sur la maquette que les profils de perméabilité estimés présentent une bonne concordance avec les perméabilités mesurées avant les essais.On a réalisé un essai sur un sondage de 1750 m de long atteignant une couche de sel dont on a correctement estimé la perméabilité moyenne pendant la période de stabilisation. Toutefois elle était si faible (4.0E-21 m²) que l’utilisation de deux fluides n’a pas permis de faire une différence entre les diverses parties du puits
In wells producing water, oil, gas or geothermal energy, or in access wells to hydrocarbon storage, it is critical to evaluate the permeability of the formation as a function of depth, to improve the reservoir model, and also to identify the zones where additional investigation or special completions are especially useful.A new technique is proposed, consisting of scanning the open hole (uncased section of the wellbore) with an interface between two fluids with a large viscosity contrast. The injection rate into the formation depends on interface location and well pressure history. An inverse problem should be solved: estimate permeability as a function of depth from the evolution of flow rates with time. The wells are usually equipped with a central tube. The scanning is done by injecting a liquid in the central tube at constant wellhead pressure. Injection and withdrawal rates are measured at the wellhead; the difference between these two rates is the formation injection rate.To validate and improve this technique, we used a laboratory model mimicking a multi-layer formation, already available at LMS. We also made use of in-situ tests performed on an ultra-low permeable cap rock above an underground gas storage reservoir. In these tests, a viscous fluid contained in the open hole was displaced by a less-viscous fluid (a method called opening WTLog). The more permeable layers were correctly identified (Manivannan et al. 2017), but a quantitative estimation was challenging due to transient phenomena in the vicinity of the wellbore (near-wellbore zone). In addition, the investigation radius was small.These challenges are addressed by proposing a slightly modified test procedure and a new interpretation workflow. Laboratory tests with a modified test setup showed the advantages of the ‘closing’ method in which the well is filled with a less-viscous fluid at the start of the test. We also added a stabilization period before the injection of viscous fluid to minimize the transient effects; this period is also used to estimate the average permeability of the open hole and the effect of near-wellbore damage (skin).Then the test proper is performed (closing WTLog). The injection profile of the less-viscous fluid is computed from the wellhead flow rate history. A permeability profile is estimated from the injection profile. The permeability estimation considers a monophasic flow in each layer and the same skin value for all the formation layers. Major uncertainties in the permeability estimates are caused by formation pressures and heterogeneities in skin values; they are estimated using an analytical formula. We have verified on the laboratory setup that the estimated permeability profiles are well correlated to the permeabilities measured before the tests.An attempt was made to perform a WTLog in a 1750-m long wellbore opening in a salt formation. The first phase was successful and the average permeability was correctly assessed. However, this permeability was so small (4.0E-21 m² or 4 nD) that the gauges and the flowmeters were not accurate enough to allow a clear distinction between the permeabilities of the various parts of the open hole

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Derr, Lorenz. "Challenges and opportunities of using an experience management platform in Smes." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/107063.

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More than half of all U.S.customers state that customer experience inorganization needs improvement. This is a tremendousexperience gap which experience management software attempt to close.This paperaimsto give an overviewofExperience Management in managerial literature and introducesthe Experience Management platform “Qualtrics”with its fourpillars brand, product, customer and employee. The findings of this paper suggest that there is little existing knowledge of Experience Management in SMEs.There fore,the paper analyzes the challenges and opportunities of applying Experience Management software in SMEs. The study revealsthat XM platforms significantly help small businesses to collect experience data inside and outside the organization.

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Hsiao, Li-Hsin, and 蕭莉馨. "Effect of SARS coronavirus papain-like protease on Toll-like receptor 7/8- signaling." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44430893373946667604.

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碩士
中國醫藥大學
醫學檢驗生物技術學系碩士班
98
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), an enveloped single-strand positive-sense RNA virus, is highly contagious, causing mortal respiratory disease. The SARS-CoV RNA genome encodes two different proteases papain-like protease (PLpro) and 3C-like protease (3CLpro), being responsible for proteolytic processes of large replicase polyproteins pp1a and pp1b. PLpro is reported to be an interferon antagonist, being associated with the inhibition of innate immune responses. In this study, we investigated the effects of PLpro on TRL7/8 signaling induced by imiquimod (IMQ). Firstly, expression of PLpro in human promonocyte HL-CZ cells was analyzed Western blotting. In addition, expression of PLpro significantly inhibited IMQ-induced activation of interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) and Nuclear factor-kappaB（NF-κB）promoters. Furthermore, quantitative real time PCR showed that IMQ induced a significant increase of IL-6, IL-8, PKR, and OAS mRNA expression in vector control cells than those in PLpro-expressing cells. Importantly, Western blotting showed that PLpro inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, CREB, IRF-3 and STAT1 in IMQ-induced responses. In this study, SARS-CoV PLpro was firstly reported to block TLR7/8 signaling, being helpful for understanding the SARS pathogenesis.

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Morse, AJ. "Implementation of developmental surveillance for autism using the Social attention and communication surveillance-revised (SACS-R) assessment tool for young children in Tasmania, Australia." Thesis, 2021. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/45552/1/Morse_whole_thesis.pdf.

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Autism spectrum disorder (autism) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person experiences the world and relates to others. The prevalence of autism ranges between 1-3% of population. Through the early identification of children with autism, access to Early Intervention (EI) services may be possible and improved outcomes achieved. Tasmanian children were not being identified as early as possible, which meant they were at increased risk of avoidable developmental delays and prolonged access to intervention services. Early detection includes screening and surveillance then, if warranted, follow up diagnostic assessment, ideally conducted by a multi-disciplinary team. The Social Attention and Communication Surveillance-Revised (SACS-R) is an autism-specific surveillance tool that detects autism and other developmental delays. It is designed to assist health care professionals to identify behaviours in young children (11-30 months of age) that are indicative of “high likelihood” of autism. The SACS-R tool was introduced into the Tasmanian Health Service (THS) in 2016 as part of a program to improve early identification of autism in this state. The intended outcome of any innovation is positive change. However, there are often significant gaps between research and practice that result in delays to the implementation of change in practice settings. Introduction of the SACS-R tool in Tasmania required a significant service change involving the Child Health and Parenting Service (CHaPS) nurses (a statewide child assessment and support service), the St Giles Developmental Assessment Team (DAT) and other medical, educational, community and allied health stakeholders. The aim of this study was to explore the enablers and barriers to the successful statewide implementation of the SACS-R early childhood surveillance program. Implementation Science (IS) principles underpin this study. IS seeks to understand and narrow the gap between the discovery of new knowledge and its application in health care settings. Added to this, a Design Thinking (DT) approach was used to place the end-users at the centre of the research, in this case, the parents and the children undergoing early autism surveillance. A mixed methods research design was used. Parents, CHaPS nurses and management staff, policy groups, allied health professionals, educators, and doctors (paediatricians, GPs and psychiatrists) were recruited to the study. Data was collected through online questionnaires and surveys (n=113) and semi-structured interviews with participants (n=91). The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS software. Following initial analysis, quantitative and qualitative data sets were converged to identify similarities, divergences and new understandings identified by stakeholder groups. By integrating the findings, the enablers and barriers across personal, practice and policy levels were identified and understanding of the complexities of the whole process emerged. Integration also revealed the implications for successful adoption of the SACS-R into routine clinical practice within the public health system. The key finding is that the SACS-R process was successfully introduced by the CHaPS, including the addition of an 18-month assessment, which meant that young Tasmanian children could be identified as high likelihood for autism, diagnosed, and in theory, able to be supported through access to intervention much earlier than previously possible. Two key enablers were: 1) integration of the tool into the children’s appointments with the CHaPS nurses and 2) children being able to access EI services post this initial visit. Two major barriers included 1) a lack of services and 2) insufficient funding. In addition, the use of a pragmatic mixed methodology alongside a DT approach proved to enable a more nuanced understanding of the barriers and enablers from the perspectives of those involved. Further findings indicate that the nurses had greater confidence in the developmental assessment of young children and in identifying and referring those at high likelihood of autism for diagnostic assessment. Following training, the assessment was embedded into routine practice with relative ease. However, concerns associated with inconsistent language use, lengthy wait times, and lack of services for children with autism and/or other developmental delays were identified by stakeholder groups. There was a need for ongoing refreshers, education and support for nurses and other key stakeholders. The study shows that additional pathways need to be established to better support children and parents to access timely services, following referral and post-diagnosis, including EI. Identifying and upskilling other professionals in the delivery of the SACS-R would be highly beneficial, along with more adequate staffing. Further research is needed to enable the problem of long wait times for assessment and diagnosis to be effectively addressed. This study is unique in Australia. It is the first to address the depth of experiences of a broad range of stakeholders across various contexts. While this research is specific to Tasmania, the findings have relevance to other health service jurisdictions. This study will benefit health practitioners, policy makers and the autism community; those who are committed to addressing early neurodevelopmental concerns for the benefit of lifelong positive outcomes.

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Van, den Heever Coenraad Willem. "Evaluating the multiple stressor intervention of the South-African Police Service as a trauma management tool." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13853.

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This study examined the validity of the South African Police Service (SAPS) multiple stressor intervention. The multiple stressor was developed for members of their specialised units to address Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Unfortunately, the SAPS multiple stressor intervention lacks scientific evidence to support its possible effectiveness in addressing PTSD. In the current study a deployment and intervention group was compared which employed a pre- test post-test design. The Davidson Trauma Scale and the Revised Impact of Event Scale measured PTSD globally, but also the PTSD dimensions of Intrusion, Avoidance/Numbing, and Hyperarousal. The Wilcoxon signed rank test results indicated that the intervention and deployment was both effective in addressing PTSD although the intervention group revealed the greatest improvement in their overall PTSD scores. The intervention group made significant progress in dealing with all three PTSD symptoms while the deployment group made less progress with their Intrusion and Avoidance/Numbing symptoms, but made significant progress with their Hyperarousal symptoms. The Mann-Whitney u test revealed no significant differences between the post intervention test scores of the two groups, either globally or on the three PTSD dimensions. It appears that deployment was just as effective as the multiple stressor intervention in addressing PTSD.
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)

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