Relevant bibliographies by topics / S-PEG

Academic literature on the topic 'S-PEG'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "S-PEG"

1

Assem, Yasser, Heba A. Mohamed, Rana Said, and Ahmed El-Masry. "Preparation of amphiphilic block copolymers (polyethylene adipate-block-polyethylene glycol) and its application in rotogravure ink formulations." Pigment & Resin Technology 47, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-02-2017-0020.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers polyethylene adipate-block-polyethylene glycol (PEA-b-PEG)s and study their performance as plasticizers in rotogravure ink formulations. Design/methodology/approach Series of amphiphilic block copolymers (PEA-b-PEG1), (PEA-b-PEG2), (PEA-b-PEG3), (PEA-b-PEG4) and (PEA-b-PEG5) were prepared by the reaction of adipic acid, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol of different molecular weights (300, 1,000, 2,000, 10,000 and 20,000 g/mol), respectively. Full characterization of the prepared copolymers was achieved using Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The performance of the prepared copolymers as plasticizers for neat nitrocellulose resin were studied in different formulations, namely, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 containing copolymers (PEA-b-PEG1), (PEA-b-PEG2), (PEA-b-PEG3), (PEA-b-PEG4) and (PEA-b-PEG5), respectively. In addition to formula R0 that contains acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) as a commercial plasticizer. The mechanical properties, thermal analysis (DSC, TGA) and optical properties of the prepared formulations films were investigated. Theses amphiphilic block copolymers were then applied as plasticizers in different rotogravure ink formulations (F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5) and compared with commercial rotogravure ink formula (F0). The color measurements and optical properties of all formulations were achieved. Findings It was found that the performance of the prepared copolymers as plasticizers in different formulations based on nitro cellulose resin gives better gloss, adhesion for R1 compared with the other samples and color strength for F1 compared with F0. Finally, all the samples gave excellent plasticizing effect. Research limitations/implications The authors believe that type of these materials open the way for a new class of plasticizers that upon application or even degradation gives small ecofriendly molecules (adipic acid and or ethylene glycol moieties) taking into consideration the simplicity of the rout of the synthesis process. Practical implications The prepared ecofriendly (PEA-b-PEG)s could be successfully used as plasticizers instead of commercial plasticizer ATBC. Originality/value The research provides that the prepared (PEA-b-PEG)s with different molecular weights can act as plasticizers in rotogravure ink formulations, and their performance was acceptable and available.
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Majumdar, Abdullah-Al-Kafi. "The Reve’s Puzzle Revisited." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: A. Physical and Computational Sciences 58, no. 2 (December 24, 2021): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-2)585.

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The Reve’s puzzle, introduced by the English puzzlist, H.E. Dudeney, is a mathematical puzzle with 10 discs of different sizes and four pegs, designated as S, P1, P2 and D. Initially, the n (  1) discs rest on the source peg, S, in a tower (with the largest disc at the bottom and the smallest disc at the top). The objective is to move the tower from the peg S to the destination peg D, in a minimum number of moves, under the condition that each move can transfer only one disc from one peg to another such that no disc can ever be placed on top of a smaller one. This paper considers the solution of the dynamic programming equation corresponding to the Reve’s puzzle.
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Zhang, Hong, Qian Qian Wang, Heng Xue Xiang, and Xiao Lei Wang. "Study on Polyethylene Glycol Acrylate Crosslinked Gels as Phase Change Materials." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.649.

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The cross-linking degree of polyethylene glycol acrylate (PEGA) gel by free-radical solution polymerization was investigated in which PEGA was prepared by chemical modification. The structural morphology, crystal property, thermal property and thermostability were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), polarization microscope (POM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), respectively. The results showed that the chain segment of PEG had good activity in lightly cross-linked PEGA gel, the crystallization enthalpy of PEGA gel achieved to 122 J/g, and the duration of its soaking time was about 490 s. Furthermore, chain segment of PEG were bound in PEGA gel, but the crystallization enthalpy of PEGA gel achieved to 64.60 J/g, its soaking time was continued for about 430 s. PEGA gel had a better thermal stability below 300 °C.
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Majumdar, AAK. "On the Star Puzzle." GANIT: Journal of Bangladesh Mathematical Society 39 (November 19, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v39i0.44158.

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In the star puzzle, there are four pegs, the usual three pegs, S, P and D, and a fourth one at 0. Starting with a tower of n discs on the peg P, the objective is to transfer it to the peg D, in minimum number of moves, under the conditions of the classical Tower of Hanoi problem and the additional condition that all disc movements are either to or from the fourth peg. Denoting by MS(n) the minimum number of moves required to solve this variant, MS(n) satisfies the recurrence relation . This paper studies rigorously and extensively the above recurrence relation, and gives a solution of it. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc.Vol. 39 (2019) 1-14
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Xi, Li Peng, Li Dong Hong, Wan Chuan, and Chen Ben Shou. "Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Releasable m-THPC-PEGfolate Conjugate Using a Disulfide-containing Linker." Letters in Organic Chemistry 16, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178615666181003124619.

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The present study reported the preparation of a novel mutual prodrug containing meso-tetra (m-hydroxy phenyl) chlorin (m-THPC), PEG and folate. The folate receptor (FR) targeting compound is a water-soluble chemical incorporating a hydrophilic PEG spacer unit and a reducible selfimmolative disulfide-based linker system between the FR-targeting ligand and the chlorin. The m- THPC-s-s-PEG-Folate was proved to release the parent drug and exhibited significant targeting effects on HeLa cells. In addition, the redox-responsive folate targeting photosensitizer m-THPC-s-s-PEG-Folate showed slightly higher phototoxicity than m-THPC-PEG-Folate for HeLa cells.
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Gris, Jean-Christophe, Pierre Toulon, Sophie Brun, Claude Maugard, Christian Sarlat, Jean-François Schved, and Jocques Berlan. "The Relationship between Plasma Microparticles, Protein S and Anticardiolipin Antibodies in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 76, no. 01 (1996): 038–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1650519.

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SummaryThe high prevalence of free protein S deficiency in human immunodeficiency virus (HlV)-infected patients is poorly understood. We studied 38 HIV seropositive patients. Free protein S antigen values assayed using the polyethylene-glycol precipitation technique (PEG-fS) were statistically lower in patients than in controls. These values using a specific monoclonal antibody-based ELISA (MoAb-fS) and the values of protein S activity (S-act) were not statistically different between patients and controls. C4b-binding protein values were not different from control values. In patients, PEG-fS values were lower than MoAb-fS values. Ten patients had a PEG-fS deficiency, 4 patients had a MoAb-fS deficiency and 8 had a S-act deficiency. Protein S activity and MoAb-fS were lower in clinical groups with poor prognosis and in patients with AIDS but PEG-fS was not. A trend for reduced S-act/MoAb-fS ratios was observed in patients. PEG-fS was negatively correlated with anticardiolipin antibody titers whereas MoAb-fS was not. The plasma of PEG-fS deficient HIV-patients contained high amounts of flow cytometry detectable microparticles which were depleted from plasma by PEG precipitation. The microparticles were partly CD42b and CD4 positive but CD8 negative. These microparticles were labelled by an anti free protein S monoclonal antibody. The observed differences between MoAb-fS and PEG-fS values were correlated with the amount of detectable plasma microparticles, just like the differences between MoAb-fS and S-act. Plasma microparticles correlated with anticardiolipin antibody titers.In summary, free protein S antigen in HIV infected patients is underestimated when the PEG precipitation technique is used due to the presence of elevated levels of microparticles that bind protein S. The activity of free protein S is also impaired by high levels of microparticles. The prevalence of free protein S deficiency in HIV positive patients is lower than previously published (4/38, -10%) and is correlated with poor prognosis. By implication, use of a PEG precipitation technique might give artefactually low free protein S antigen values in other patient groups if high numbers of microparticles are present. In HIV patients, high titers of anticardiolipin antibodies are associated with high concentrations of cell-derived plasma microparticles.
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Li, Xiaodong, Meishuai Zou, Lisha Lei, and Longhao Xi. "Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(ethylene glycol)-B-Poly(ε-caprolactone) by Flash DSC Analysis." Polymers 13, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 3713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213713.

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The non-isothermal crystallization behaviors of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) were investigated through a commercially available chip-calorimeter Flash DSC2+. The non-isothermal crystallization data under different cooling rates were analyzed by the Ozawa model, modified Avrami model, and Mo model. The results of the non-isothermal crystallization showed that the PCL block crystallized first, followed by the crystallization of the PEG block when the cooling rate was 50–200 K/s. However, only the PEG block can crystallize when the cooling rate is 300–600 K/s. The crystallization of PEG-PCL is completely inhibited when the cooling rate is 1000 K/s. The modified Avrami and Ozawa models were found to describe the non-isothermal crystallization processes well. The growth methods of PEG and PEG-PCL are both three-dimensional spherulitic growth. The Mo model shows that the crystallization rate of PEG is greater than that of PEG-PCL.
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Huang, Shuman, Pengpeng Ding, Sha Liu, Chang Li, Yaqian Zhang, Dong Dong, and Yulin Zhao. "ISMN-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles conjugated with anti-Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin inhibit Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis." Future Medicinal Chemistry 13, no. 23 (December 2021): 2033–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2021-0126.

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus biofilms were linked to negative postsurgical outcomes of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study aims to develop a targeted nanoparticle and characterize its bactericidal effects. Methods: The authors prepared ISMN-loaded poly-lactide-co-glycolide acid (PLGA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles conjugated with anti- S. aureus α-toxin (AA; ISMN-PLGA-PEG-AA), and determined its bactericidal and toxic effects. The antibiofilm propriety of ISMN-PLGA-PEG-AA was further investigated in a sheep CRS model. Results: ISMN-PLGA-PEG-AA had no toxic effect, while ISMN, ISMN-PLGA-PEG and ISMN-PLGA-PEG-AA had significantly anti- S. aureus effects. The blood concentrations and mRNA levels in sinus tissues of IL-4, IL-8 and IFN-γ in the sheep CRS model were significantly low. Conclusion: ISMN-PLGA-PEG-AA can effectively inhibit S. aureus biofilm, and is a promising drug for CRS treatment.
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Zhu, Chunyan, Yunchang Fan, and Xiujun Bai. "A Green and Effective Polyethylene Glycols-Based Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Carnosic and Rosmarinic Acids from Rosmarinus officinalis Leaves." Foods 12, no. 9 (April 24, 2023): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12091761.

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Rosmarinus officinalis leaves (ROLs) are widely used as a popular culinary spice for flavoring food, in which carnosic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) are the main active components. The extraction of CA and RA is limited by lowextraction efficiency and extraction rate. In this work, a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method using biodegradable, low-toxic and nonflammable solvents polyethylene glycols (PEGs) as extraction solvents was developed for theextraction of CA and RA from ROLs. Experimental results suggest that PEG-400 was a better choice compared with PEG-200, and the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: 45% of PEG-400, 4.3% of phosphoric acid, 20 s of microwave irradiation time at 280 W of microwave irradiation power, and a 10 mg mL−1 solid–liquid ratio, respectively. The tissue structures of ROLs could be effectively disrupted by PEG-based MAE, leading to high CA and RA extraction efficiencies. The PEG-400 extract exhibited stronger 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability compared with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Finally, compared with heating reflux extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, maceration, and MAE using ionic liquid and ethanol as extraction solvents, the developed PEG-400 based MAE exhibited the highest extraction ability and fastest extraction rate for CA and RA. These findings suggest that MAE using PEGs as extraction solvents is a promising method for the separation of bioactive compounds from natural plants.
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Shimotoyodome, Akira, Takashi Koudate, Hisataka Kobayashi, Junji Nakamura, Ichiro Tokimitsu, Tadashi Hase, Takashi Inoue, Takashi Matsukubo, and Yoshinori Takaesu. "Reduction of Streptococcus mutans Adherence and Dental Biofilm Formation by Surface Treatment with Phosphorylated Polyethylene Glycol." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 10 (July 23, 2007): 3634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00380-07.

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ABSTRACT Initial attachment of the cariogenic Streptococcus mutans onto dental enamel is largely promoted by the adsorption of specific salivary proteins on enamel surface. Some phosphorylated salivary proteins were found to reduce S. mutans adhesion by competitively inhibiting the adsorption of S. mutans-binding salivary glycoproteins to hydroxyapatite (HA). The aim of this study was to develop antiadherence compounds for preventing dental biofilm development. We synthesized phosphorylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives and examined the possibility of surface pretreatment with them for preventing S. mutans adhesion in vitro and dental biofilm formation in vivo. Pretreatment of the HA surface with methacryloyloxydecyl phosphate (MDP)-PEG prior to saliva incubation hydrophilized the surface and thereby reduced salivary protein adsorption and saliva-promoted bacterial attachment to HA. However, when MDP-PEG was added to the saliva-pretreated HA (S-HA) surface, its inhibitory effect on bacterial binding was completely diminished. S. mutans adhesion onto S-HA was successfully reduced by treatment of the surface with pyrophosphate (PP), which desorbs salivary components from S-HA. Treatment of S-HA surfaces with MDP-PEG plus PP completely inhibited saliva-promoted S. mutans adhesion even when followed by additional saliva treatment. Finally, mouthwash with MDP-PEG plus PP prevented de novo biofilm development after thorough teeth cleaning in humans compared to either water or PP alone. We conclude that MDP-PEG plus PP has the potential for use as an antiadherence agent that prevents dental biofilm development.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "S-PEG"

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Maria, Roberta Patr?cia Medeiros de. "S?ntese e caracteriza??o el?trica de blendas e comp?sitos de PMMA/PEG e PMMA/PEG/Na2WO4.2H2O." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM QU?MICA, 2015. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22692.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
? medida que demandas energ?ticas foram sendo apresentadas e requeridas pelo avan?o tecnol?gico, a s?ntese de novos materiais, capazes de suprir estas necessidades, foi e tem sido exaustivamente executada e estudada; dentre estes materiais, est?o filmes polim?ricos comp?sitos que t?m se destacado como uma alternativa qu?mica, f?sica, el?trica e econ?mica vi?vel. Neste trabalho filmes finos autossustent?veis de poli(metactrilato de metila) (PMMA) sob a forma de blendas, associado ao poli(etileno glicol) (PEG), e comp?sitos, dopados com tungstato de s?dio diidratado, foram obtidos pela associa??o dos m?todos sol-gel e ?casting?. A caracteriza??o el?trica, estrutural, qu?mica e morfol?gica dos filmes obtidos foi realizada usando-se espectroscopia de imped?ncia eletroqu?mica (EIS) para obten??o dos par?metros el?tricos, reflex?o total atenuada na regi?o do infravermelho (IV-ATR) e difra??o de raios X (DRX) para estudo da composi??o estrutural e qu?mica, enquanto que a estabilidade t?rmica foi analisada usando termogravimetria (TG/DTG), an?lise t?rmica diferencial (DTA) e calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC); as caracter?sticas morfol?gicas e topogr?ficas dos filmes foram analisadas por microscopia ?tica (MO) e eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). A adi??o do sal promoveu modifica??es do padr?o de disposi??o das cadeias polim?ricas, observado por difra??o de raios X e ratificado por altera??es das bandas relativas ? deforma??o angular ?CH2? em cadeia e estiramento assim?trico ?C?C? em cadeia, sugerindo mudan?as estruturais na cadeia polim?rica. A miscibilidade entre os pol?meros poli(metacrilato de metila) e poli(etileno glicol) foi resultado da presen?a de intera??es intermoleculares do tipo liga??o de hidrog?nio entre o ?CO? do PMMA e os grupos OH do PEG e do sal tungstato de s?dio, evidenciadas nas an?lises por IV-RTA, assim como, intera??es puramente eletrost?ticas. Os sistemas apresentaram melhores caracter?sticas capacitivas e maiores tempos de relaxa??o, favorecidos pelo aumento da concentra??o do tungstato de s?dio, resultado da melhora da sensibilidade do ac?mulo de cargas no eletrodo.
As energy demands were being presented and required by technological advances, the synthesis of new materials capable of meeting these needs, was and has been thoroughly studied and performed; among these materials are composite polymeric films that have stood out as an alternative chemistry, physics, electrical and economically viable. In this work self-supporting thin films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in the form of blends, linked to poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), and composite doped with sodium tungstate dihydrate were obtained by combining the sol-gel methods and casting. The electrical, structural, chemical and morphological characterization of the films obtained was performed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to obtain the electrical parameters, attenuated total reflection in the infrared (IR-ATR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the structural and chemical composition, while the thermal stability was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); morphological and topographical characteristics of the films were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron (SEM). The addition of the salt promoted standard modifications of the arrangement of the polymer chains, observed by X-ray diffraction and confirmed by the changes of the bands relative to the angular deformation -CH2- chain and asymmetric stretching -C-C-chain, suggesting structural changes in polymer chain. The miscibility between the polymers poly (methyl methacrylate) and poly (ethylene glycol) was a result of the presence of intermolecular interactions type hydrogen bonding between the PMMA and -CO- OH groups of the PEG and sodium tungstate salt, highlighted in analyzes by IR-ATR as well as purely electrostatic interactions. The systems showed better capacitive characteristics and larger relaxation times, favored by increasing the concentration of sodium tungstate, a result of improved sensitivity of the charges accumulated in the electrode.
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Gil, Alvaradejo Gabriela [Verfasser], and G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Delaittre. "New Functional Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s and Alternatives to PEG in Protein Stabilization / Gabriela Gil Alvaradejo ; Betreuer: G. Delaittre." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162540826/34.

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Gunnarsson, Marcus, and Olof Palmquist. "Mätning och utvärdering av intellektuellt kapital inom aktiemarknaden." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-755.

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Organisation/Organisation Författare/Authors

Växjö Universitet Marcus Gunnarsson

Ekonomihögskolan Olof Palmquist

Växjö University

School of Management and Economics

Dokumenttyp/Type of document Handledare/Tutor

Examensarbete/ Diplomawork Stig Malm Examinator/Examiner

Rolf G Larsson

Titel och undertitel/Title and subtitle

Mätning och utvärdering av intellektuellt kapital inom aktiemarknaden/ Measurement and evaluation of intellectual capital within the stock market

Sammanfattning

Bakgrund: I dagens hårda konkurrens i samhället går trenden mot en informations- och kunskapsbaserad ekonomi där kunskapsföretagen blir fler och fler. Den största tillgången i företagen är de anställda och deras kompetens. Denna kompetens kan omvandlas till en värdefull tillgång och benämns som intellektuellt kapital. Trots att det finns ökad förståelse för att det intellektuella kapitalet skapar mervärde för företaget finns det hinder med att redovisa detta då det inte får tas upp i balansräkningen.

Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera huruvida intellektuellt kapital är något som fondförvaltare utvärderar när de gör en investeringsbedömning.

Avgränsningar: Begränsningarna är att vi undersöker hur intellektuellt kapital kan vara till fördel för endast fondförvaltare; vi analyserar olika fondförvaltare i deras arbete endast med en investeringsbedömning. En sista avgränsning är att vi valt att inte tillfråga de fondförvaltare som inte utvärderar intellektuellt kapital aktivt i sina investeringsbedömningar.

Metod: Vi har utgått från en kvantitativ metod och har genomfört en enkätundersökning för insamling av material. Resultatet har vi analyserat utifrån den teori som vi tagit upp i det teoretiska kapitlet. Ansatsen är av abduktiv karaktär åt det deduktiva hållet då vi har studerat existerande teorier och fallstudier inom ämnet.

Resultat, slutsatser: Svenska fondanalytiker lägger inte särskilt stor vikt på intellektuellt kapital när de utvärderar och analyserar ett företag. Grunden till detta är för det första att det är svårt att mäta trovärdigheten av intellektuellt kapital när företagen själva sammanställer och redovisar detta utan att kontrolleras av någon utomstående part. För det andra är korrelationen mellan större delen av ett företags strukturkapital och aktiens utveckling på börsen inte påvisbar.

Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ett redovisningssystem för intellektuellt kapital som är lika för alla inom samma bransch möjliggör fortsatt forskning inom ämnet med syftet att finna en analysmetod som påvisar eller dementerar förändringen av ett företags intellektuella kapital med företagets aktierörelse på börsen.

Nyckelord

Intellektuellt kapital, Humankapital, Strukturkapital, Kundkapital, Immateriella tillgångar, Soliditet, Likviditet, Lönsamhet, P/E-tal, PEG-tal, P/S-tal

Key Words

Intellectual capital, Human capital, Capital structure, Customer capital, Immaterial assets, Solidity, Liquidity, Profitability, P/E, PEG, P/S

Utgivningsår/Year of issue Språk/Language Antal sidor/Number of pages

2006 Svenska/Swedish 37

Internet: http://www.vxu.se/ehv

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Kailasan, Arunvel. "Synthesis and characterization of novel temperature-responsive dendritic PEG-PDLLA star polymers for drug delivery." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1630.

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This study describes a novel thermoresponsive dendritic polyethylene glycol-poly(D, L-lactide) (PEG-PDLLA) core-shell nanoparticle with potential for drug delivery and controlled release. A series of dendritic PEG-PDLLA nanoparticles were synthesized through conjugation of PEG to Starburst™ polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G3.0 and subsequent ring-opening polymerization of DLLA, in which PEG chain length (i.e., MW=1500, 6000 or 12000 Dalton) was varied; however, the feeding molar ratio of DLLA monomers to the overall PEG repeat units on the dendrimer surface was kept at 1:1. Linear PEG-PDLLA copolymers were also syntheiszed under the same condition and used as control. According to our results, dendritic PEG-PDLLA in aqueous phase could self-assemble into spherical aggregates and the size of spherical aggregates increased with PEG chain length increase. Further, spherical aggregates made of dendritic PEG-PDLLA exhibited magnified temperature-dependence in terms of solubility change and dimension expansion as compared to linear PEG-PDLLA. The most significant size expansion was observed in particles made of dendritic PEG (12000)-PDLLA, which was twice as much as that of particles made of linear PEG (12000)-PDLLA. Water insoluble antitumor drug camptothecin (CPT) was used as a model drug for encapsulation and release studies. Spherical aggregates encapsulated more CPT when dendritic PEG-PDLLA had longer PEG-PDLLA chain and/or when temperature was elevated to body temperature. This study demonstrated that nanoscale clustering PEG-PDLLA through dendrimers magnified the thermo-sensitivity of PEG-PDLLA. Successful development of such a new particulate system made of dendritic PEG-PDLLA with an expandable dimension in response to temperature change generated a new direction for designing stimuli-responsive materials.
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Guerri, Riccardo. "Re_interpretare per vivere. Una nuova unita per s. Maria della misericordia a venezia." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6888/.

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La scelta di Venezia come ambito operativo rientra nella volontà di confrontarsi con il tema del riuso della preesistenza all'interno della città storica. Contemporaneamente ad una permanenza nella città lagunare, la ricerca si è sviluppata sia secondo il fronte teorico che secondo quello progettuale, aventi entrambi per scopo la ricerca di un possibile ambito operativo della storia all'interno del progetto contemporaneo di architettura. Convinti che i problemi dell'oggi siano soltanto riedizioni "moderne" di quelli relativi a secoli precedenti, l'esercizio interpretativo dell'ex unità conventuale di S.Maria della Misericordia a Venezia persegue l'obbiettivo di testare metodi alternativi rispetto agli atteggiamenti estremamente conservativi imperanti nella città storica. La Storia intesa quindi come eterna mutazione, fornisce la base per un metodo basato sulla reinterpretazione della vita all'interno di un luogo come atto progettuale, al fine di generare una nuova unità tra l'uomo contemporaneo ed il contesto stratificato.
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Lima, Neto Heleno Carlos. "Estudo da atividade s?smica em S?o Caetano-PE em 2007." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18758.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
In this dissertation we studied the seismic activity in the S?o Caetano county, Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil, located near the Pernambuco Lineament. The Pernambuco Lineament is a one of Neoproterozoic continental-scale shear zones that deforms the Borborema province. The seismicity estudied occurred in a NE trending branch of Pernambuco Lineament. The seismic activity in S?o Caetano started in 2006 and in May 20th, 2006 a 4,0 mb earthquake hit there. This was the largest earthquake ever reported in Pernambuco State. This dissertation is the result of a campaign done in the period from Februay 1th 2007 to July 31 th 2007. In this campaign up to nine three-component digital seismographic stations were deployed and the collected data was used to determine hypocenters and focal mechanism. A total of 214 earthquakes, recorded at least by three stations, were analyzed. To determine hypocenters and time origin the HYPO71 program was used assuming a half-space model with parameters : VP (P-wave velocity) equal to 5.90 km/s and the ratio VP/VS 1.70, where VS is the S-wave velocity. The earthquakes hypocentral distribution was approximately 4 km long and agrees with the NE-SW direction of the Pernambuco Lineamento branch. Hypocentres depth range from 2 to 8 km. The composed focal mechanism was made from a group of 14 selected earthquakes. We try firstly to find the fault plane solution matching the polarity distribution at stations, using the FPFIT program. The result was 43 deg ? 15 deg for strike, 59 deg ? 9 deg for dip and -142 deg ? 15 deg for rake. We also fitted a plane using the hypocentral distribution to obtain the dip and azimuth of the hypocentral distribution. The results obtained by this fit were 58 deg for the azimuth, 55 deg for the dip and -155 deg for rake. This result shows a mechanism of a strike-slip dextral fault with a normal component. This dissertation shows, once more, that there is a good correlation between the seismic activity and geological features in the region near the Pernambuco Lineament and its NE branches
Nesta disserta??o foi estudada a atividade s?smica no munic?pio de S?o Caetano, estado de Pernambuco, Nordeste brasileiro, localizado pr?ximo ao Lineamento Pernambuco. O Lineamento Pernambuco ? uma zona de cisalhamento Neoproteroz?ica de escala continental que deforma a prov?ncia Borborema. A sismicidade estudada ocorreu numa ramifica??o para nordeste do Lineamento Pernambuco. A atividade s?smica em S?o Caetano iniciou em 2006 e no dia 20/05/2007 ocorreu, neste munic?pio, um sismo de magnitude 4,0 mb. Este ? o sismo de maior magnitude que ocorreu no estado de Pernambuco. Este trabalho ? decorrente da an?lise de dados coletados durante o per?odo de monitoramento na regi?o que foi de 01/02/2007 at? 21/07/2007. Nesse monitoramento foi utilizado de seis at? nove esta??es sismogr?ficas digitais. Os dados coletados por essas esta??es foram analisados, objetivando a determina??o dos hipocentros e do mecanismo focal composto. Foram utilizados 214 sismos, registrados em pelo menos tr?s esta??es. Na determina??o hipocentral, foi utilizado o programa HYPO71, assumindo-se um modelo de semi-espa?o, com os par?metros: velocidade da onda P (VP) e raz?o VP/VS, respectivamente, 5,90 km/s e 1,70. Os hipocentros dos sismos ocorridos na regi?o deste estudo acompanham uma ramifica??o para nordeste do Lineamento Pernambuco e possui aproximadamente 4km de extens?o e profundidade variando entre 2 at? 8 km. O mecanismo focal composto foi feito para um conjunto de 14 sismos selecionados. N?s primeiramente tentamos encontrar a solu??o do plano de falha considerando apenas a distribui??o de polaridades utilizando o programa FPFIT. Os resultados foram: 43? ? 15? para o azimute, 59? ? 9? para o mergulho e -142? ? 15? para o rake. N?s tamb?m ajustamos o plano usando a distribui??o hipocentral. Os resultados obtidos foram: 58? para o azimute, 55? para o mergulho, O valor do rake foi fixado em -155?. Este resultado mostra um mecanismo de uma falha transcorrente dextral com uma componente normal. Esta disserta??o mostra, mais uma vez, que existe uma boa correla??o entre a sismicidade e falhas mapeadas na regi?o pr?xima ao Lineamento Pernambuco e suas ramifica??es para nordeste
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7

STRAULLU, STEFANO. "Next generation optical access networks towards Gigabit/s per user." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2592360.

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At the time of writing this Ph.D. thesis, FSAN (Full Service Access Network) and ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunication Standardization Bureau) working groups are involved in the final definition of the Recommendation G.989, which has recently established that the Next Generation Passive Optical Network (NG-PON2) architecture will be based on Time- and Wavelength-Division Multiplexed PON (TWDM-PON), and it will consist in its first version on four wavelength-stacked XG-PONs using four wavelengths per direction, likely with a very narrow (for PON) spacing of 100 GHz or even 50 GHz. Furthermore, the Optical Distribution Network (ODN) will be splitter-based and passive, like all previous PON standards, avoiding the use of any wavelength selection/filtering and any optical amplification inside the ODN. Moreover, since complete ODN backward compatibility is required, the TWDM-PON must be compliant with the same previous ODN loss classes, i.e. 33 and 35 dB for the extended E1 and E2 classes, respectively, and up to 15 dB of Differential Optical Path Loss (DOPL). One of the few physical layer problems over which FSAN is still working before the final NG-PON2 Recommendation release, is related to the lack of available low-cost tunable lasers with sufficient tuning range and launch power, to be installed at the Optical Network Unit (ONU) side for the upstream signal generation. Indeed, they should have a precision compatible with a 100 GHz wavelength grid, and be able to tune on (at least) four wavelengths, adopting some protection systems during their switch-on time, in order to avoid interferences with other channels (due to the uncontrolled wavelength transmission at the laser power on); moreover, they should operate on a very wide temperature range and they should have a target price compatible with equipment to be installed at the customer premises. Furthermore, in the longer term, if more than four wavelengths will be used (for instance for WDM overly), this issue will be particularly critical. In order to avoid the use of expensive tunable lasers at the ONU, several WDM reflective PON architectures have been proposed in the last ten years, whose key idea is to generate the unmodulated upstream wavelengths at the Central Office, and modulate them in reflection at the ONU side. Unfortunately, most of the reflective WDM-PON architectures proposed in literature seem to be completely incompatible with TWDM-PON for a set of different reasons such as: - most of them require the use of Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWG) in the ODN, while most telecom operators believe that backward compatibility in PON is a must, and thus the splitter-based architecture should be maintained also in NG-PON2; - the achievable ODN loss is limited to typically 20-25 dB, due to several spurious effects such as the Rayleigh back-scattering and the low received optical power; - most of them use a dedicated wavelength for each ONU, and do not support burst-mode TDMA in the upstream. The main objective of this Ph.D. project is to try to solve all these issues, proposing a self-coherent, burst-mode, reflective PON architecture that completely satisfies the main requirements defined in the TWDM-PON standard. In order to reach this goal, the activity started in early 2012 in the Photonlab of Istituto Superiore Mario Boella (Turin, Italy), and was supported by the joint group composed by Dipartimento di Elettronica of Politecnico di Torino (Turin, Italy) and Cisco Photonics (Monza, Italy) throughout the entire Ph.D. project. At first, a full characterization of the Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (RSOA) was performed in order to find the best working parameters that provide the best performance if this device is used as reflective optical modulator at the ONU side. Thanks to this optimization, very good results were obtained using the RSOA in a full upstream self-coherent reflective PON setup, working in continuous mode at 1.25 Gbps. In order to overcome the limit of one dedicated wavelength for each user, the emulated ONU was forced to work in burst-mode, replacing the RSOA with the cascade of a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) and a Reflective Electro-Absorption Modulator (REAM). The obtained results demonstrate that this solution, combined with a burst-mode self-coherent detection at the Central Office, supports a 2.5 Gbps TDMA upstream transmission, as required by TWDM-PON standard. The proposed architecture was then finalized by adding two important new features, i.e. the upstream bit rate upgrade to 10 Gbps per wavelength and the use of commercial distributed feedback (DFB) lasers rather than External Cavity Lasers (ECL), showing very good performance. To resume, the work performed during this Ph.D. activity demonstrated that, thanks to the burst mode reflective-ONUs and the burst mode, self-coherent detection at the OLT side, the proposed architecture supports the transmission of N simultaneous upstream signals on each wavelength, working at 2.5 Gbps, over up to 35 dB of ODN loss and more than 15 dB of DOPL. Therefore, most G.989 physical layer specifications are satisfied by this proposal, even without the need for a tunable laser at the ONU side, but only a tunable filter locked on OLT-generated optical wavelength combs. If properly integrated, the reflective ONU structure can be less expensive than the TWDM-PON solution in terms of CAPEX, and have a much simpler wavelength control. The only significant increase in cost in the proposed solution is due to the presence of one coherent receiver per each upstream wavelength, but it is shared among all the users with the same wavelength. The authors of the aforementioned writings hope that this work can contribute to the discussion currently taking place in FSAN and ITU-T on future PON generations, particularly for a future use of DWDM with significantly more than 4 wavelengths on a 50 GHz grid, which is a requirement that would make tunable lasers at ONU even more critical. While the need for more than 4 wavelengths seems really far-fetched for residential PONs, it could likely become more handy if mobile front-hauling for Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-advanced will adopt bit rate hungry Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) approaches, and it will be supported over PON.
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Palou, Marín Roger. "Control de la mitosi pel mecanisme de vigilància de fase S." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285609.

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A les cèl·lules eucariotes el checkpoint de la fase S, un dels mecanisme de vigilància de la cèl·lula, respon a agressions genotòxiques per protegir la integritat genòmica. Com a part de la resposta a estrès replicatiu i dany al DNA, aquest checkpoint impedeix el pas a mitosi fins que l’agressió hagi estat superada, evitant així la inestabilitat genòmica conseqüència de la segregació de cromosomes danys o que no han acabat de ser replicats. El cicle cel·lular i els seus mecanisme de control, com el checkpoint de la fase S, han estat identificats i estudiats inicialment en organisme model com Schizosaccharomyces pombe (llevat de fissió) i Saccharomyces cerevisiae (llevat de gemmació). Cal tenir present que els mecanismes identificats i els factors implicats en els organisme model són conservats en humans. En el llevat de fissió, l’entrada a mitosi en presència d’estrès genotòxic és impedida per la fosforilació inhibitòria de la tirosina 15 de Cdk1 per Wee1. Cdk1 és la única quinasa encarregada de dirigir la cèl·lula a través del cicle cel·lular en llevat de fissió i gemmació. En canvi, en llevat de gemmació, Swe1, l’ortòleg de Wee1, i la fosforilació de la tirosina 19 de Cdk1 semblen ser totalment prescindibles en el control de l’entrada a mitosi en presència d’estrès genotòxic. El model actual en llevat de gemmació pel control de la mitosi en presència d’estrès genotòxic contempla com a únic punt de control l’estabilització de Pds1/Securina, evitant així l’activació de Esp1/Separasa que promou el tall de la cohesina que manté unides les cromàtides germanes. En humans, malgrat Wee1 i la seva fosforilació inhibitòria sobre Cdk1 es conserven, no són suficients per impedir totalment l’entrada a mitosis en una fase S compromesa per estrès genotòxic. Els nostres resultats mostren que en Saccharomyces cerevisiae, l’activitat Cdk1 que dirigeix la mitosi està inhibida en presència d’estrès genotòxic. La dispensabilitat de Swe1 i de la fosforilació de la tirosina 19 de Cdk1 s’explica per que l’activitat Cdk1 mitòtica és inhibida, en aquestes condicions, de forma redundant per Swe1 i Rad53, la quinasa efectora del checkpoint de fase S. A més, hem observat que Swe1 està controlada pel checkpoint de la fase S en aquestes condicions. Tanmateix, en presència d’estrès genotòxic, les cèl·lules amb l’activitat Cdk1 mitòtica desregulada o nul·les per Pds1/Securina, segueixen essent competents per impedir la mitosi. Ara bé, quan el control redundant de l’activitat Cdk1 de fase M (necessària per l’elongació del fus mitòtic) és combinant amb la deleció de Pds1/Securina, les cèl·lules són incapaces d’evitar la segregació dels cromosomes no acabats de replicar o danyats.
The S phase checkpoint is a surveillance mechanism in eukaryotic cells that preserve genomic integrity in response to genotoxic insults. This checkpoint inhibits mitosis onset till the stress has been solved, avoiding genomic instability that results from the segregation of damaged or not fully replicated chromosomes. Eukaryotic cell cycle and its regulation mechanisms, like the S phase checkpoint, have been initially identified and studied in model organisms like Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) and these mechanisms and factors are conserved in humans. Mitosis control in fission yeast in the presence of replication stress relies on the inhibition of mitotic Cdk1 through tyrosine 15 Wee1 mediated phosphorylation. However, in budding yeast, Wee1 ortholog Swe1 and its phosphorylation over Cdk1, seems unnecessary in this control. The present model for budding yeast control of mitosis in the presence of DNA damage relies on the stabilization of Pds1/securin. This chaperone inhibits Esp1/separase which cleaves cohesin, the protein that keeps sister chromatids together. In humans, Wee1 and its phosphorylation over Cdk1 are conserved but they are not enough to inhibit mitotic Cdk1 activity and completely avoid mitosis onset in the presence of genotoxic stress. Our results show that in budding yeast, mitotic Cdk1 is inhibited in the presence of genotòxic stress. Swe1 dispensability is explained by a redundant mechanism regulating mitotic Cdk1 mediated by Swe1 and Rad53, the effector kinase of the S phase checkpoint. Moreover, Swe1 levels stabilization in the presence of genotoxic stress is mediated by the S phase checkpoint. Mitotic Cdk1 deregulation or pds1Δ is not enough to observe DNA segregation in the presence of genotoxic stress. Only cells that cannot regulate mitotic Cdk1 activity together with pds1Δ are able to segregate not fully replicated or damaged chromosomes.
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Salter, A. Hugh. "Genetics and biogensis of the pea chloroplast Rieske Fe-S protein." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335798.

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Zoli, Enrico. "CAO=S un modello di progettazione goal oriented per interfacce web." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1243/.

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Books on the topic "S-PEG"

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1942-, Hondius E. H., ed. Sales: (PEL S). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Valdengo, Giuseppe. I︠A︡ pel s Toskanini. 2nd ed. Leningrad: Muzyka, 1989.

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compiler, Kovachev Ogni͡an, and Kovacheva Khristina editor, eds. Pet minuti s Petŭr Uvaliev: Radiobesedy. Sofii︠a︡: Agata-A, 2015.

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ukov, Dmitrij Z. Pol £s a - "cepnoj pes" Zapada. Moskva: A uza-Press, 2009.

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Civitella in Val di Chiana (Italy), ed. (S)oggettivamente: Scultura moderna per un paese antico. Firenze: Il Candelaio, 1985.

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Volfová, Kateřina. Hrnčířská pec s keramickou klenbou nalezená v Hořicích. [Jičín]: Regionální muzeum a galerie v Jičiné, 2018.

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D'Avenia, Marco. La conoscenza per connaturalità in S. Tommaso d'Aquino. Bologna, Italia: Edizioni Studio domenicano, 1992.

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Luzi, Mario. Corale della città di Palermo per S. Rosalia. Genova: Edizioni S. Marco dei Giustiniani, 1989.

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Luzi, Mario. Corale della città di Palermo per S. Rosalia. Genova: Edizioni S. Marco dei Giustiniani, 1989.

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Ties-4 Peg S. Eagle's Wings Tie Co., 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "S-PEG"

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Steinbach, Andrew J., and Mark K. Debe. "MEA s for PEM Fuel Cells." In Fuel Cells : Data, Facts and Figures, 110–20. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693924.ch11.

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Sun, Chang Q. "Probing Methods: STM/S, PES, APECS, XAS, ZPS." In Electron and Phonon Spectrometrics, 45–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3176-7_3.

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Scheidhauer, K., and K. Herholz. "Comparing HMPAO-SPECT and FDG-PET in Alzheimer�s Disease." In SPECT in Dementia, 86–94. Basel: KARGER, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000073168.

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Brasse, David, and Frederic Boisson. "Instrumentation Challenges in (S)PE(C)T Systems." In Image Fusion in Preclinical Applications, 25–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02973-9_2.

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Nalbandian, Christopher, and Rolf Schwitter. "A Speech Interface to the PENG $$^{ASP}$$ A S P System." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 48–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41498-0_5.

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Zhong, Xiaotian, Ashley Schwab, Weijun Ma, Caryl L. Meade, Jing Zhou, Aaron M. D’Antona, Will Somers, and Laura Lin. "Large-Scale in ExpiCHO-S™ with Enhanced and PEI-Based." In Therapeutic Antibodies, 143–50. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1450-1_7.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Effective magnetic moment of [Fe6(μ3–S)8(PEt)6][PF6]." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, 2545. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23675-4_2232.

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Salter, A. Hugh, Barbara J. Newman, and John C. Gray. "Characterization of cDNA Clones Encoding the Pea Chloroplast Rieske Fe-S Protein." In Techniques and New Developments in Photosynthesis Research, 473–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8571-4_54.

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Mao, Rui, Cuicui Shi, Qi Zong, Xingya Feng, Yijie Sun, Yufei Wang, and Guohao Liang. "Mapping Wind Speed Changes." In Atlas of Global Change Risk of Population and Economic Systems, 67–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6691-9_4.

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AbstractWind variability has a major impact on water cycles, wind energy, and natural hazards and disasters such as hurricanes and typhoons. In the past decades, the global and regional mean near-surface wind speed (sfcWind) has shown a significantly downward trend, especially in the mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere (Wu et al. 2018). The global mean terrestrial sfcWind has decreased linearly at a rate of 0.08 m s−1 per decade during 1981–2011. Vautard et al. (2010) analyzed changes in sfcWind at stations across the globe and found that 73% of the total stations presented a decrease in the annual mean sfcWind, with linear trends of −0.09, −0.16, −0.12, and −0.07 m s−1 per decade in Europe, Central Asia, East Asia, and North America, respectively. In addition, a pronounced reduction in extreme sfcWind has also been observed in Europe and the United States (Yan et al. 2002; Pryor et al. 2012). However, because long-term observational data are lacking in most land areas and oceans, the uncertainty in the long-term trend of sfcWind is high, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere and over oceans.
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Alekseev, Alexander. "Sovereignty in Political Discourses of the European Populist Radical Right: The Right of the People and the Right of the Peoples." In Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics, 211–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27729-0_10.

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AbstractThe populist radical right (PRR) in the European Union so frequently evokes sovereignty as one of the indispensable rights of the people(s) that it becomes urgent to examine the relationship between the concept of sovereignty and the concept of rights in PRR political discourses. The chapter explores how in practice the PRR discursively instrumentalises references to rights to construct its vision(s) of sovereignty in the EU context(s). By applying instruments of critical discourse analysis to the electoral speeches of Marine Le Pen and Jarosław Kaczyński, the leaders of two very dissimilar EU PRR parties, the Rassemblement National and the Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, the chapter outlines concrete discursive strategies containing references to rights used by the PRR in the EU. The analysis shows that the PRR uses references to rights to advance exclusionary conceptions of popular (the right of the people) and national (the right of the peoples) sovereignty built upon the idea of a monocultural and ethnically homogenous majoritarian democracy, thus discursively challenging the foundational legitimacy of today’s European project as well as its current institutional configuration.
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Conference papers on the topic "S-PEG"

1

Boeva, I., P. Karagyozov, and I. Tishkov. "LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF PARKINSON´S DISEASE PATIENTS TREATED WITH PEG-J DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." In ESGE Days. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1704805.

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Boyer-Neumann, C., M. Wolf, J. Amiral, A. M. Guyager, D. Meyer, and M. J. Larrieu. "FAMILIAL TYPE I PROTEIN S DEFICIENCY ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE VENOUS THROMBOSIS. A STUDY OF FIVE CASES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642943.

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Protein S deficiency has been demonstrated in 5 members from the same family with a history of severe recurrent venous thrombosis over three generations. The propositus, a 16 year old female, had a first spontaneous thrombotic episode at age 15. Phlebography revealed a total obstruction of her left ilio-femoral vein with an extension to the vena cava. She was treated with heparin followed by oral anticoagulant therapy. The four other affected members (mother, aunts and uncle of the propositus) had also presented recurrent thrombosis with onset at a young age. The grandfather, not tested, had died from massive pulmonary embolism at age 54. The immunological assay of protein S was performed in plasma by Laurell, using a monospecific antiserum to human protein S, or by an ELISA, using a kit from Diagnostica Stago (Asserachrom Protein S). In order to separate free protein S, the functionally active form, from protein S complexed with C4-binding protein, plasma was adsorbed with 3.75 % polyethyleneglycol (PEG 6000). Following PEG precipitation, the levels of free protein S antigen remaining in the supernatant were quantitated by the usual immunological methods. In addition, two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis (DDIE) also provided information on the distribution of both forms. In plasma protein S levels were decreased (40 to 55 % of the normal range) in two untreated patients and lower levels (17 to 20 96) were observed in the three others, including the propositus, who were under dicoumarol therapy. In PEG treated-plasma, protein S was undetectable (less than 5 %) in all patients, indicating a lack of free protein S. This was confirmed by DDIE : whereas protein S migrated as two distinct peaks, corresponding to free and complexed protein S in normal plasma, only a single peak of complexed protein S was observed in all affected patients. These results clearly demonstrate a total lack of free protein S which appears to be responsible for the thromboembolic disorder in this family as there was no deficiency of the other plasma inhibitors (antithrombin III, heparin cofactor II and protein C). According to the classification recently proposed by Comp et al., this family belongs to type I protein S deficiency, with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.
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Klatzky, Roberta L., Kimberly A. Purdy, and Susan J. Lederman. "When Is Vision Useful During a Familiar Manipulatory Task?" In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0383.

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Abstract We asked at what point(s) vision is particularly useful for a simple and familiar peg-in-hole task. Experimental participants performed the task for 200 trials, 100 trials with full vision and 100 trials without vision or with vision at just one of four critical stages — prior to reach onset, when reaching for the peg, when grasping the peg, or when transporting the arm and inserting the peg into the hole. Comparisons of the mean time to perform under these conditions showed a graded forward effect of early vision, such that vision at initial stages facilitated performance at later ones, but with less and less effect on stages that occurred progressively later following visual offset. In most cases, vision was useful in the stage at which it occurred, but an important exception was the grasping stage. Vision provided at the point of grasping did not facilitate grasping but did affect transporting the arm and inserting the peg, as did vision during the transport/insert stage itself. Implications for direct and remote manipulation are considered.
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Nakamura, K., K. Iijima, N. Inoue, J. Nishioka, and K. Suzuki. "INHERITED DEFICIENCY OF FUNCTIONAL PROTEIN S IN A JAPANESE FAMILY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644297.

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A family with a history of severe recurrent venous thromboembolic disease in some of the members was studied over three generations. In the propositus, a 36-year-old Japanese man, assays for the coagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolytic factors including fibrinogen, plasminogen, antithrombin III and protein C associated with inherited venous thrombotic disease were normal. While markedly decreased protein S, a cofactor of activated protein C, was revealed. The functional protein S activity in plasma was lower than 5% of normal. The same laboratory data were shown in his paternal uncle and two sisters who had recurrent thrombotic episodes, and his asymptomatic father as well. The mean protein S antigen was 38%(range 22-52%) by the conventional Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis. But by the crossed immunoelectrophoresis and the Laurell rocket electrophoresis using the PEG 8000 precipitation method, the free form protein S was undetectable in their plasma(Table). Thus, a significant coincidence between the antigenic free protein S levels and the functional protein S activities was clarified.It is suggested that the recurrent, thrombotic disease family is due to an inherited deficiency of protein S, larly of free form and functional protein S.
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Latallo, Zbigniew S., and Craig M. Jackson. "INHIBITION OF HUMAN FACTOR Xa BY ITS ACTIVATOR FROM RUSSELL’ S VIPER VENOM." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643295.

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In contrast to bovine Factor Xa, human Factor Xa is inhibited by its activator from Russell’ s viper venom (X-CP). This inhibition occurs only in the presence of Ca ions. When Xa activity is measured using chromogenic substrates at pH 7.8, inhibition is more apparent at 37° C than 25° C, but can be reduced to nearly zero at high NaCl concentration. The extent of inhibition depends on the source of X-CP. X-CP isolated from Vipera russelli siamensis, which activates human Factor X with a K = 0.0187 ptt and Vmax of 5.26 x 10’ 11 M’ s-1 ([X-CP] 0.15 nM, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.01 M TRIS, 0.01 M HEPES, 5mM CaCl2, 0.1% PEG, pH 7.8, 25° C) inhibits the Factor Xa about twice as effectively as X-CP from Vipera russelli russelli for which the human Factor X activation rate is about half that observed with V. russelli siamensis. The inhibition is of a mixed type and results in doubling the apparent Km value and decreasing V by 20%. By fitting of the hyperbolic, mixed inhibition modelwhere E is human Xa, I is V. russellii siamensis X-CP, S is Cyclohexylglycyl-glycyl-arginine p-NA, the following values were calculated Km = 120 /xM, k, = 250 s’ 1, K. = 1.0 x 10"8, a = 2.0 and p = 0.82, (0.22 nM Xa, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.01 M TRIS, 0.01 M HEPES, 5 mM CaCl2 0.1% PEG pH 7.8, 25° C). Activation of human prothrombin by human Factor Xa as well as inhibition of the latter by antithrombin III are similarly affected by the binding of X-CP in the presence of Ca . X-CP binding to human Xa may explain some of the enigmatic differences in functional properties of bovine and human Factor Xa preparations.Supported by a Matching Grant from the American National Red Cross and by the S.E. Michigan Red Cross Blood Service
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MOALIC, P., Y. GRUEL, P. FOLOPPE, B. DELAHOUSSE, G. BODY, and J. LEROY. "LEVELS AND DISTRIBUTION OF FREE AND C4b-BP-B0UND-PR0TEIN S IN HUMAN FETUSES AND FULL-TERM NEWBORNS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644266.

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Levels and plasmatic distribution of protein S were studied on umbilical cordplasmas from 25 normal full-term newborns (N) and 15 normal fetuses (F) between20 and 30 weeks of gestation. Samples from fetuses were collected for antenatal diagnosis by direct puncture of the umbilical vein under high resolution real-time ultrasound. Total protein S(PS) level was determined using Laurell rocket immuno-electrophoresis (Diagnostica Stago, Asnifcres-France). Free PS wasmeasured using this latter method, afterprecipitation of C4b-BP-bound-PS by polyethylene glycol (PEG). Normal pool plasma, treated as well, was considered as the reference curve. C4b-binding protein (C4b-BP) determinations were conducted by Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The qualitative distribution of free PS and C4b-BP-bound-PS in plasma was also assessed by crossed-immunoelectrophoresis(CIE). Results (mean - SD) were expressed in percentage, in relation to healthy adults values (n = 15). Low levels of total PS were obtained in all fetuses (16.4 ±4.2) and newborns (36.4 ±9.5) as compared to adults (91.6 ± 12.2). Free protein S level was also decreased both in fetuses (22.2 ±6.0) and newborns (48.5 ± 12.1 versus 89.4 ± 26.3 in adults). At these stages of development, the ratio Free PS / Total PS (both values were obtained according to a reference curve performed with a normal adult pool plasma untreated by PEG) was significantly higher as compared to normal adults (0.82 ±0.07 in F, 0.64 ±0.17 in N and 0.39 ±0.11 in A, p‹0.001, Student t test). The predominance of free PS was also visualized in the CIE patterns. These data may be explained by undetectable C4b-BP in 21-week old fetuses (‹2% in 10 cases). After the 26th week of gestation C4b-BP level was 7.8 ±7.4 ‹n=5) and reached a value of 19.2 ±15.6 in newborns (adults = 95.7 ±14.7). In human fetus and newborn, PS essentially circulates under free form and this might compensate the decrease of the total PS level.
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Ohl, S., M. Dietze, A. Canbay, and J. Weigt. "Percutane Rescue PEG Anlage nach akzidenteller Dislokation von PEG Sonden." In Viszeralmedizin 2019. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1695524.

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Latallo, Zbigniew S., and Craig M. Jackson. "HUMAN MEIZOTHROMBIN 1, ITS ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644661.

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Meizothrombin (MT) and meizothrombin des Fragment 1 (MT1) are intermediates in the conversion of prothrombin to α-thrombin (αTH). Due to their transient character, properties of these enzymes are difficult to establish. Isolation of MT1 was achieved by affinity chromatography on D-Phe-Pro-Arginal (FPRal)immobilized on Affi-Gel 10 as originally employed for thrombin purification (Patel et al. Biochim.Biophys. Acta 748,321 (1983)). Human prethrombin 1 was activated with the purified activator from Echis carinatus venom in the presence of Ca++;, benzamidine and FPRal gel at pH 7.8. After exhaustive washing the MT1 was eluted with 0.1 M hydroxylamine in 0.15 M Na acetate buffer, pH 5.5. Under these conditions the MT1 is stable and can bestored at -70°C. Upon changing the pH of the preparation to 8.0, complete conversion into aTH occurred atroom temperature within 48 hours. Homogeneity of both preparations wasdemonstrated by PAGE. The Km and ke, values for MT1 measured on Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg pNA(0.1 M NaCl, 0.01 M TRIS, 0.01 M HEPES, 0.1% PEG, pH 7.8, 25°C) were 15.7 /iM and 126 s-1. The kinetic con stants for the aTH resulting from autocatalytic degradation of MT1 were indistinguishable from those previously established forαTH obtained by Xa activation i.e. 4.77 /μM and 126 s-1. Clotting activity of MT1 was found to be only one fifth as high as that of the resulting μTH(746 u/mg vs. 3900 u/mg as tested using the NIH standard) .Inhibitionof MTl by antithrombin III was alsomuch less rapid than αTH andmost importantly, it was not affected by high affinity heparin( Mr20,300). Under conditions of the experiment (0.3 M NaCl, 0.0rl M TRIS, 0.01 M HEPES, 2.5 mM EDTA, 0.1% PEG, pH 7.8, 25°C; [ATIII] 100 nM, [E] 10 nM), the pseudo first order rate constants in the absence of heparin were 4.04 × 10-3V1 (MTl) and 1.13 × 10-3V1 (αTH), giving apparent second order rate constants of 4.04 × 103 and 1.13 × 10-4M-1s-1. In the presence of 4.5 nM of heparin the observed first order rate constant for MTl remained unchanged whereas it increased to 6.241 × 10-3s-1 (5.5 fold) for αTH. This apparent lack of an effect of heparin may be of significance in vivo.Supported by a Matching Grant from the American National Red Cross and by the Southeastern Michigan Blood Service.
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Baile-Maxía, S., L. Medina, C. Mangas-Sanjuan, M. Bozhychko, F. Ruiz, L. Compañy, J. Martínez, JA Casellas, and JR Aparicio. "EUS-GUIDED PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY (PEG)." In ESGE Days. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1704617.

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Vujnovic, G., M. Vrbnjak, M. Drobnic, K. Pivko, and B. Kostanjevec. "URGENT GASTROSCOPY THROUGH PEG FISTULA APPROACH." In ESGE Days 2019. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1681910.

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Reports on the topic "S-PEG"

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Sink, Ken, Shamay Izhar, and Abraham Nachmias. Asymmetric Somatic Hybridization: Developing a Gene Transfer System for Solanaceous Vegetable Crops. United States Department of Agriculture, February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613010.bard.

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Highly asymmetric somatic hybrid plants were obtained by PEG/DMSO fusion of gamma irradiated (100, 250, 7500 and 1000 Gy) protoplasts of a (KmR-) interspecific hybrid Lycopersicon esculentum x L. pennellii (EP) with protoplasts of eggplant (E). Somatic hybrid calli were selected based on kanamycin resistance and verified by PCR of the NptII gene, RAPD's and Southern's using potato rDNA pTHG2 probes. Flow cytometry indicated all hybrid calli that did not regenerate shoots were 5-9n. Three asymmetric plants regenerated only from callus close to 4n and such calli oly occurred when EP received 100 Gy. The asymmetric plants had eggplant morphology and regenerated from one hybrid callus with 6.29 average size tomato chromosomes. Limited amounts of EP DNA were found in the three somatic hybrid plants H18-1 to -3 by dot-blot hybridization with probe pTHG2, to be equivalent to 6.23, 5.41, and 5.95 % EP, respectively. RFLP analysis of Lycopersicon esculentum and L. pennellii specific chromosomes revealed that only fragments of 8 to 10 out of the 24 EP chromosomes are present in the asymmetric plants. Transgenic plants 2-3, 2-4 and 10-3 were found resistant to verticillium; suggesting successful transfer of the Ve complex from S. torvum to eggplant.
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Dong, J., and H. Wang. Pseudowire Redundancy on the Switching Provider Edge (S-PE). RFC Editor, February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7795.

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Shamsuddin Ilias. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CO- AND H{sub 2}S-TOLERANT ELECTROCATALYSTS FOR PEM FUEL CELL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838714.

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Shamsuddin Ilias. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CO-AND H{sub 2}S-TOLERANT ELECTROCATALYSTS FOR PEM FUEL CELL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/825776.

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Andersson, L., H. van Helvoort, J. Shin, L. Wang, and A. D'Alessandro. Switching Provider Edge (S-PE) Protection for MPLS and MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Static Multi-Segment Pseudowires. Edited by A. Malis. RFC Editor, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7771.

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Maddela, Claypool, and Fang. PR-446-133604-R01 Alternative Method for Potential Measurement on Buried or Submerged Pipeline. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010843.

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Missouri S and T investigated alternative new methods to the existing practice of measuring the structure-to-electrolyte potential to assess the level of cathodic protection (CP) of a buried pipeline. The measurement of a negative 850 mV DC pipeline to soil potential relative to a copper/copper sulfate reference electrode has been used for decades as a threshold value for sufficient CP to reduce external corrosion to an acceptable rate ( less than 0.001� per year). However, there is a need for an alternative method that more accurately depicts the corrosion rates of buried pipeline.
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McGrath, Panek, and McCarthy. L52356 Nomenclature for Natural Gas Transmission and Storage Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010015.

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A compilation of harmonized terminology and standardized nomenclature for natural gas transmission and storage (T and S) equipment and operations associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) emission sources and emission estimates. Criteria for natural gas industry (per segments in 40 CFR 98) for GHG inventories are also addressed. This living document is intended to be a detailed reference for practitioners and managers developing GHG inventories. The document's primary purpose is to support T and S facilities GHG emissions reporting for 40 CFR 98 Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting�; however, information is also provided to support the development of GHG emission inventories for other purposes. Standardized nomenclature used in the estimation and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and provide a single living document to be used as a reference to enhance consistency within the natural gas industry. This document may also serve to form a more accurate basis for consistent reporting of emission sources through an enhanced common understanding of industry and regulatory terminology, synonyms and sector boundaries. Consistent terminology will promote higher fidelity emission inventories and focus subsequent EPA control strategies and requirements.
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Stromer, Bobbi, Anthony Bednar, Milo Janjic, Scott Becker, Tamara Kylloe, John Allen, Matt Trapani, John Hargrove, and James Hargrove. Trace explosives detection by cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41520.

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We built three successive versions of a thermal decomposition cavity ring-down spectrometer and tested their response to explosives. These explosive compound analyzers successfully detected nitroglycerine, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythryl tetranitrate, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine and triacetone triperoxide (TATP). We determined the pathlength and limits of detection for each, with the best limit of detection being 13 parts per trillion (ppt) of TNT. For most of the explosive tests, the peak height was higher than the expected value, meaning that peroxy radical chain propagation was occurring with each of the explosives and not just the peroxide TATP.
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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald J. Nachman. Rational Design of Insect Control Agent Prototypes Based on Pyrokinin/PBAN Neuropeptide Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593398.bard.

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The general objective of this study was to develop rationally designed mimetic antagonists (and agonists) of the PK/PBAN Np class with enhanced bio-stability and bioavailability as prototypes for effective and environmentally friendly pest insect management agents. The PK/PBAN family is a multifunctional group of Nps that mediates key functions in insects (sex pheromone biosynthesis, cuticular melanization, myotropic activity, diapause and pupal development) and is, therefore, of high scientific and applied interest. The objectives of the current study were: (i) to identify an antagonist biophores (ii) to develop an arsenal of amphiphilic topically active PK/PBAN antagonists with an array of different time-release profiles based on the previously developed prototype analog; (iii) to develop rationally designed non-peptide SMLs based on the antagonist biophore determined in (i) and evaluate them in cloned receptor microplate binding assays and by pheromonotropic, melanotropic and pupariation in vivo assays. (iv) to clone PK/PBAN receptors (PK/PBAN-Rs) for further understanding of receptor-ligand interactions; (v) to develop microplate binding assays for screening the above SMLs. In the course of the granting period A series of amphiphilic PK/PBAN analogs based on a linear lead antagonist from the previous BARD grant was synthesized that incorporated a diverse array of hydrophobic groups (HR-Suc-A[dF]PRLa). Others were synthesized via the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. A hydrophobic, biostablePK/PBAN/DH analog DH-2Abf-K prevented the onset of the protective state of diapause in H. zea pupae [EC50=7 pmol/larva] following injection into the preceding larval stage. It effectively induces the crop pest to commit a form of ‘ecological suicide’. Evaluation of a set of amphiphilic PK analogs with a diverse array of hydrophobic groups of the formula HR-Suc-FTPRLa led to the identification of analog T-63 (HR=Decyl) that increased the extent of diapause termination by a factor of 70% when applied topically to newly emerged pupae. Another biostablePK analog PK-Oic-1 featured anti-feedant and aphicidal properties that matched the potency of some commercial aphicides. Native PK showed no significant activity. The aphicidal effects were blocked by a new PEGylated PK antagonist analog PK-dF-PEG4, suggesting that the activity is mediated by a PK/PBAN receptor and therefore indicative of a novel and selective mode-of-action. Using a novel transPro mimetic motif (dihydroimidazole; ‘Jones’) developed in previous BARD-sponsored work, the first antagonist for the diapause hormone (DH), DH-Jo, was developed and shown to block over 50% of H. zea pupal diapause termination activity of native DH. This novel antagonist development strategy may be applicable to other invertebrate and vertebrate hormones that feature a transPro in the active core. The research identifies a critical component of the antagonist biophore for this PK/PBAN receptor subtype, i.e. a trans-oriented Pro. Additional work led to the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the DH receptor from H. zea, allowing for the discovery of three other DH antagonist analogs: Drosophila ETH, a β-AA analog, and a dF analog. The receptor experiments identified an agonist (DH-2Abf-dA) with a maximal response greater than native DH. ‘Deconvolution’ of a rationally-designed nonpeptide heterocyclic combinatorial library with a cyclic bis-guanidino (BG) scaffold led to discovery of several members that elicited activity in a pupariation acceleration assay, and one that also showed activity in an H. zea diapause termination assay, eliciting a maximal response of 90%. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a CAP2b antidiuretic receptor from the kissing bug (R. prolixus) as well as the first CAP2b and PK receptors from a tick was also achieved. Notably, the PK/PBAN-like receptor from the cattle fever tick is unique among known PK/PBAN and CAP2b receptors in that it can interact with both ligand types, providing further evidence for an evolutionary relationship between these two NP families. In the course of the granting period we also managed to clone the PK/PBAN-R of H. peltigera, to express it and the S. littoralis-R Sf-9 cells and to evaluate their interaction with a variety of PK/PBAN ligands. In addition, three functional microplate assays in a HTS format have been developed: a cell-membrane competitive ligand binding assay; a Ca flux assay and a whole cell cAMP ELISA. The Ca flux assay has been used for receptor characterization due to its extremely high sensitivity. Computer homology studies were carried out to predict both receptor’s SAR and based on this analysis 8 mutants have been generated. The bioavailability of small linear antagonistic peptides has been evaluated and was found to be highly effective as sex pheromone biosynthesis inhibitors. The activity of 11 new amphiphilic analogs has also been evaluated. Unfortunately, due to a problem with the Heliothis moth colony we were unable to select those with pheromonotropic antagonistic activity and further check their bioavailability. Six peptides exhibited some melanotropic antagonistic activity but due to the low inhibitory effect the peptides were not further tested for bioavailability in S. littoralis larvae. Despite the fact that no new antagonistic peptides were discovered in the course of this granting period the results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of the PK/PBAN family of Nps with their receptors, provided several HT assays for screening of libraries of various origin for presence of PK/PBAN-Ragonists and antagonists and provided important practical information for the further design of new, peptide-based insecticide prototypes aimed at the disruption of key neuroendocrine physiological functions in pest insects.
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Liu, Jing, Yuanmei Chen, Die Liu, Fang Ye, Qi Sun, Qiang Huang, Jing Dong Dong, Tao Pei, Yuan He, and Qi Zhang. Prenatal exposure to particulate matter and term low birth weight：systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0064.

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Review question / Objective: To assess the effects of particulate matter exposure during various periods of pregnancy on low birth weight and term low birth weight. Population:pregnant women and their singleton live-births; Exposure: maternal exposure to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 during the entire pregnancy or each trimesters were estimated based on ground-level atmospheric pollution monitoring stations or validated exposure models (μg/m3 ); Comparator(s): risk estimates were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) with per specific increment in PM2.5; Outcomes: term LBW(≥37weeks and<2500g) or LBW(<2500g)were defined as a dichotomous variables.
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