Journal articles: 'S/D RATIO'

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LEONETTI, PAOLO, and CARLO SANNA. "DIRECTIONS SETS: A GENERALISATION OF RATIO SETS." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 101, no. 3 (September 13, 2019): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972719000959.

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For every integer $k\geq 2$ and every $A\subseteq \mathbb{N}$, we define the $k$-directions sets of $A$ as $D^{k}(A):=\{\boldsymbol{a}/\Vert \boldsymbol{a}\Vert :\boldsymbol{a}\in A^{k}\}$ and $D^{\text{}\underline{k}}(A):=\{\boldsymbol{a}/\Vert \boldsymbol{a}\Vert :\boldsymbol{a}\in A^{\text{}\underline{k}}\}$, where $\Vert \cdot \Vert$ is the Euclidean norm and $A^{\text{}\underline{k}}:=\{\boldsymbol{a}\in A^{k}:a_{i}\neq a_{j}\text{ for all }i\neq j\}$. Via an appropriate homeomorphism, $D^{k}(A)$ is a generalisation of the ratio set$R(A):=\{a/b:a,b\in A\}$. We study $D^{k}(A)$ and $D^{\text{}\underline{k}}(A)$ as subspaces of $S^{k-1}:=\{\boldsymbol{x}\in [0,1]^{k}:\Vert \boldsymbol{x}\Vert =1\}$. In particular, generalising a result of Bukor and Tóth, we provide a characterisation of the sets $X\subseteq S^{k-1}$ such that there exists $A\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ satisfying $D^{\text{}\underline{k}}(A)^{\prime }=X$, where $Y^{\prime }$ denotes the set of accumulation points of $Y$. Moreover, we provide a simple sufficient condition for $D^{k}(A)$ to be dense in $S^{k-1}$. We conclude with questions for further research.

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SADEGHI, HOSSEIN, REZA POURIMANI, and HASSAN KHALILI. "The asymptotic D-state to S-state ratio of triton." Pramana 81, no. 5 (October 30, 2013): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-013-0619-z.

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Abbiendi, G., C. Ainsley, P. F. Åkesson, G. Alexander, J. Allison, G. Anagnostou, K. J. Anderson, et al. "Measurement of the branching ratio for D−s→τ−ν̄τ decays." Physics Letters B 516, no. 3-4 (September 2001): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(01)00936-4.

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Akaishi, Tetsuya, Michiaki Abe, Takashi Miki, Mika Miki, Yasuharu Funamizu, Sadayoshi Ito, Takaaki Abe, and Tadashi Ishii. "Ratio of diastolic to systolic blood pressure represents renal resistive index." Journal of Human Hypertension 34, no. 7 (October 4, 2019): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41371-019-0264-1.

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Abstract Increased intrarenal vascular resistance is suggested to accompany chronic kidney diseases (CKD), which is known to be closely associated with hypertension. However, there are few studies that have examined the relationship between blood pressure and intrarenal vascular resistance. Renal color Doppler ultrasonography is one method that can non-invasively evaluate intrarenal vascular resistance. In this study, we comprehensively studied the correlations between ultrasonic parameters and blood pressure indices to elucidate their relationships. In total, 162 patients with suspected CKD were enrolled for this study. Demographics, blood pressure, blood test, urine test, and renal color Doppler ultrasonography data were obtained. The ratio of diastolic to systolic blood pressure (D/S ratio) and pulse pressure were calculated. Our results indicated strong negative correlations between the renal resistive index (RI) values in all four of the studied kidney regions and the D/S ratio. The RI values also showed significant correlations with diastolic pressure and pulse pressure, but they were weaker. Partial correlation coefficients between pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, D/S ratio, and RI showed that D/S ratio significantly correlated with RI, but pulse pressure or mean arterial pressure did not. Systolic blood pressure did not correlate with any of the studied ultrasonic values. The negative correlation between RI values and the D/S ratio was still observed in subjects without renal dysfunction or any medications. In conclusion, D/S ratio, rather than pulse pressure or mean arterial pressure, would be the most appropriate index to estimate/calculate/judge intrarenal vascular resistance.

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HUANG, CHAO-SHANG, and JIAN-TAO LI. "$B^0_{d,s}-\bar{B}^0_{d,s}$ MIXING IN THE MODEL III 2HDM." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 01 (January 10, 2005): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05019749.

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In the model III 2HDM there are new CP violating phases which would affect the [Formula: see text] mixing. In this paper, we calculate the new physics contributions to the neutral B meson mass splitting ΔMBq (q=d,s) at the next-to-leading order (NLO) level. Using the high accuracy data and other relevant data, we draw the constraints on the parameter space of the model III 2HDM. Moreover, we calculate the new physics corrections to the ratio q/p. It is found that the phase of (q/p)n for Bd which is due to the new contributions is very small and consequently in agreement with the measurements of the time dependent CP asymmetry SJ/ψK in B→J/ψKS. On the contrary, the phase of (q/p)n for Bs is large enough to give significant effects on CP violation in the neutral Bs system.

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Polyanin, A. A., and Igor Y. Kogan. "Indexes of arterial blood flow in the utero-placental and fetal-placental circulation." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 51, no. 2 (April 14, 2002): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd90369.

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The aim of this study was to asses the normal ranges for S/D ratio and pulsatility index (PI) for umbilical artery (UA), aorta (A), middle cerebral artery (MCA), renal artery (RA) and uterine artery (UtA) during normal pregnancy. Results showed decrease of S/D ratio and PI for UA, UtA from 8 to 40 weeks of gestation and PI for RA from 20 to 40 weeks of gestation. S/D ratio and PI for A was not changed during second half of normal pregnancy. S/D ratio and PI for MCA were increased from 20 to 30 weeks of gestation and after that had tendency of decreasing to term.

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Dolgov, O. V., and A. A. Golubov. "ENERGY GAP IN S- AND D-WAVE PAIRING SUPERCONDUCTORS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 02, no. 05 (October 1988): 1089–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979288000950.

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The ratio 2Δ g / T c . where Δ g is the gap edge, T c is the critical temperature, is calculated in the framework of the model of strong electron-phonon coupling. Both isotropic and anisotropic pairing cases are considered. It is shown that the isotropic Eliashberg model can not account for the large values of the ratio 2Δ g / T c for the reasonable values of the electron-phonon coupling parameter λ, while anisotropic pairing can resolve this problem.

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Al-Ghafri, Abdullah. "Aflaj’s Irrigation Water Demand/Supply Ratio: Two Case Studies." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 11 (January 1, 2006): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol11iss0pp85-92.

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Due to the geographical location of Oman in an arid zone, agricultural production depends fully on irrigation. The traditional irrigation systems (Aflaj, sing. falaj) supply more than one third of water for agriculture. Falaj is defined in the context of this paper as a canal system which provides water for domestic and agricultural uses. Oman has 3,107 active Aflaj producing about 680 Mm3 of water per year. The main objective of this study was to estimate the irrigation performance of Aflaj in Oman. Falaj al-Dariz and al-Nujaid were chosen as case studies. Both Aflaj are located in an extremely arid environment, where the rainfall is low and evapotranspiration is high. The study utilized an approach to estimate the irrigation performance of Aflaj by considering the falaj as a single unit of irrigation. The irrigation demand/supply ratio (D/S) was used in the analysis as a tool of evaluation. Date palm, the dominant crop irrigated by Aflaj, was selected for the analysis. In falaj al-Dariz the date palms were slightly under irrigated on a yearly basis. On a monthly basis, in winter, the D/S was below 0.6 and in summer it was above 1.0. On the other hand, falaj al-Nujaid was supplying too much water than the date palms needed all round the year. In winter the D/S ratio was as low as 0.25. Even in summer, the D/S ratio did not much exceed 1.0.

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Knutson, L. D., and N. L. Rodning. "On the determination of the deuteron asymptotic D/S ratio from sub-Coulomb (d,p) reactions." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Physics 13, no. 6 (June 1987): L109—L115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4616/13/6/004.

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Nozar, Mina. "The D-wave to S-wave amplitude ratio for b1− (1235) → ωπ−." Nuclear Physics A 663-664 (January 2000): 637c—642c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(99)00695-8.

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11

Bhat, C. M., E. J. Ludwig, T. B. Clegg, and H. J. Karwowski. "A determination of the asymptotic D- to S-state ratio for 3He." Nuclear Physics A 526, no. 1 (April 1991): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(91)90296-i.

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Kokado, Satoshi, and Masakiyo Tsunoda. "Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Effect: General Expression of AMR Ratio and Intuitive Explanation for Sign of AMR Ratio." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 978–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.978.

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We derive the general expression of the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) ratio of ferromagnets for a relative angle between the magnetization direction and the current direction. We here use the two-current model for a system consisting of a spin-polarized conduction state (s) and localized d states (d) with spin-orbit interaction. Using the expression, we analyze the AMR ratios of Ni and a half-metallic ferromagnet. These results correspond well to the respective experimental results. In addition, we give an intuitive explanation about a relation between the sign of the AMR ratio and thes-dscattering process.

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Hendrickson, Chase D., Michael F. McLemore, Kathryn M. Dahir, Shari Just, Zahra Shajani-Yi, Joseph LeGrand, Christoph U. Lehmann, and Asli Weitkamp. "Is the Climb Worth the View? The Savings/Alert Ratio for Reducing Vitamin D Testing." Applied Clinical Informatics 11, no. 01 (January 2020): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701678.

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Abstract Background Despite guideline recommendations, vitamin D testing has increased substantially. Clinical decision support (CDS) presents an opportunity to reduce inappropriate laboratory testing. Objectives and Methods To reduce inappropriate testing of vitamin D at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, a CDS assigned providers to receive or not receive an electronic alert each time a 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay was ordered for an adult patient unless the order was associated with a diagnosis in the patient's chart for which vitamin D testing is recommended. The CDS ran for 80 days, collecting data on number of tests, provider information, and basic patient demographics. Results During the 80 days, providers placed 12,368 orders for 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The intervention group ordered a vitamin D assay and received the alert for potentially inappropriate testing 2,181 times and completed the 25-hydroxyvitamin D order in 89.9% of encounters, while the control group ordered a vitamin D assay (without receiving an alert) 2,032 times and completed the order in 98.1% of encounters, for an absolute reduction of testing of 8% (p < 0.001). Conclusion This CDS reduced vitamin D ordering by utilizing a soft-stop approach. At a charge of $179.00 per test and a cost to the laboratory of $4.20 per test, each display of the alert led to an average reduction of $14.70 in charges and of $0.34 in spending by the laboratory (the savings/alert ratio). By describing the effectiveness of an electronic alert in terms of the savings/alert ratio, the impact of this intervention can be better appreciated and compared with other interventions.

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Okada, Takashi, Kazunori Iwai, Takayoshi Hakkaku, and Koichi Nakazato. "The association of lower trunk muscle strength with low back pain in elite lightweight judokas is dependent on lumber spine abnormalities." Isokinetics and Exercise Science 30, no. 2 (April 11, 2022): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ies-210193.

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BACKGROUND: Lumbar radiological abnormalities (LRA) and trunk muscle weakness are major causes of the low back pain (LBP). We reported that the prevalence of LRA was approximately 90% in middle- and heavyweight-judokas, independent to the occurrence of LBP. However, the trunk muscle weakness, especially the rotators, plays a key role in occurrence of LBP in heavyweight judokas. OBJECTIVE: To examine the trunk muscle strength (TMS) and LRA impact on LBP occurrence in lightweight judokas. METHOD: The strength of the trunk extensors, flexors, and rotators was measured in 32 lightweight male judokas. LBP and LRA were identified using a questionnaire, X-ray, and MRI. RESULTS: The occurrence rate of LBP and LRA were 40.6% and 62.5%, respectively, without any significant correlation. Among judokas without LRA, TMS of those with LBP were significantly lower than those without LBP (P< 0.05, the extensor; 60∘/s: ES [d] = 1.38, 90∘/s: ES [d] = 0.78, and 120∘/s: ES [d] = 0.37, flexor; 60∘/s: ES [d] = 1.48, dominant rotator; 60∘/s: ES [d] = 1.66, and 90∘/s: ES [d] = 1.87, non-dominant rotator; 90∘/s: ES [d] = 0.17, and dominant/non-dominant rotator ratio; 90∘/s: ES [d] = 1.55). Moreover, there were significant negative correlations between LBP severity and TMS (P< 0.05, the extensor; 90∘/s: r=-0.63, dominant rotator; 90∘/s: r=-0.648, and dominant/non-dominant rotator ratio; 90∘/s: r=-0.621) in judokas without LRA. RESULTS: The occurrence rate of LBP and LRA were 40.6% and 62.5%, respectively, without any significant correlation. Among judokas without LRA, the extensor (60, 90, and 120∘/s), flexor (60∘/s), dominant rotator (60 and 90∘/s), non-dominant rotator (90∘/s), and dominant/non-dominant rotator ratio (90∘/s) of judokas with LBP were significantly lower than those of the judokas without LBP. Moreover, there were significant negative correlations (P< 0.05) between LBP severity and the extensor (90∘/s; r=-0.63) and dominant rotator (90∘/s; r=-0.648) strength, and dominant/non-dominant rotator ratio (90∘/s; r=-0.621) in judokas without LRA. CONCLUSION: Weak trunk musculature may be a co-factor in the occurrence of LBP in lightweight judokas without LRA.

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Wu, Jianfang, Hongqiang Liao, Zhuohui Ma, Huiping Song, and Fangqin Cheng. "Effect of Different Initial CaO/SiO2 Molar Ratios and Curing Times on the Preparation and Formation Mechanism of Calcium Silicate Hydrate." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020717.

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To better understand the pozzolanic activity in fly ash used as a supplementary cementitious material in cement or concrete, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) has been synthesized by adding silica fume to a supersaturated calcium hydroxide solution prepared by mixing calcium oxide and ultrapure water. Thermogravimetric analysis results have revealed the variation in the weight loss due to C-S-H in the samples and the conversion ratio of calcium oxide (the μCaO value), which represents the proportion of calcium oxide in the initial reaction mixture used to produce C-S-H, with curing time. The weight loss due to C-S-H and the μCaO value were both maximized (13.5% and 90.4%, respectively) when the initial C/S molar ratio was 1.0 and the curing time was 90 d. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has indicated that C-S-H in the samples after curing for 7 d had the composition Ca1.5SiO3.5·xH2O. 29Si magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis has revealed that the degree of polymerization of C-S-H increased with an increase in curing time for samples with an initial C/S molar ratio of 1.0. The ratio of internal to terminal tetrahedra (Q2/Q1) increased from 2.29 to 4.28 with the increase in curing time from 7 d to 90 d. At curing times ≥ 28 d, a leaf-like C-S-H structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An ectopic nucleation–polymerization reaction process is proposed for the formation mechanism of C-S-H.

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Cui, Bo-Yan, and Ya-Hui Chen. "Contributions of K 0 ∗ 1430 and K 0 ∗ 1950 in the Charmed Three-Body B Meson Decays." Advances in High Energy Physics 2023 (June 7, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9408422.

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In this work, we investigate the resonant contributions of K 0 ∗ 1430 and K 0 ∗ 1950 in the three-body B s ⟶ D s K π within the perturbative QCD approach. The form factor F k π s is adopted to describe the nonperturbative dynamics of the S-wave K π system. The branching ratios of all concerned decays are calculated and predicted to be in the order of 1 0 − 10 to 1 0 − 5 . The ratio R of branching fractions between B 0 ⟶ D ¯ 0 K 0 ∗ 0 1430 ⟶ D ¯ 0 K + π − and B s 0 ⟶ D ¯ 0 K ¯ 0 ∗ 0 1430 ⟶ D ¯ 0 K − π + is predicted to be 0.0552, which implies the discrepancy for the LHCb measurements. We expect that the predictions in this work can be tested by the future experiments, especially, to resolve R ratio discrepancy.

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Boduroglu, Yalcin, and Osman Son. "Assessment of Tp-Te Interval and Tp-Te/Qt Ratio in Patients with Aortic Aneurysm." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.191.

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BACKGROUND: Arrhythmic disorders in the aortic aneurysm (AA) have been rarely reported. AIM: The study aimed to assess the repolarisation indices of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) (mainly Tp-Te interval and Tp-Te/QT ratio) in patients with AA. METHODS: A group of 98 patients with AA and 75 patients as control were recruited. Many of indices of ventricular arrhythmia were assessed. RESULTS: Many of indices like QT, QTc, QTpc, Tp-Te/QT, Tp-Te/QTc, Tp-Tec/QTc, S-Tp, S-Tpc, S-Te, S-Tec and fQRS were found to be significantly different in AA group (for all P < 0.05). However, QTp, mean Tp-Te and Tp-Tec were not found different (for all P < 0.05). Aortic diameter (Ao-D) was found to have a positive correlation with QTc, QTpc, S-Tp, S-Tpc, S-Te, S-Tec, fQRS (for all P < 0,05) and negative correlation withTp-Te/QT (P = 0.047). The best cut-off level for prediction of Tp-Te ≥100 ms was found the Ao-D > 43.5 mm in ROC analysis (AUC: 0.69; P = 0.151) with sensitivity 60% and specificity 79.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Although our study did not find any differences for mean Tp-Te interval between groups, many of other indexes of TDR were found to be significantly different. Ao-D was found to have significant correlations with many indices.

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Larson, George W., Peter B. Mueller, and Patricia A. Summers. "The effect of procedural variations on the s/z ratio of adults." Journal of Communication Disorders 24, no. 2 (April 1991): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9924(91)90017-d.

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Iman Allami M. "The significance of uteroplacental ratio in the prediction of perinatal outcome in pregnancy-induced hypertension." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 3 (July 12, 2019): 1756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1368.

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Doppler investigations of placental and maternal flow have picked up a wide prominence as it could give significant data with respect to fetal prosperity and could be utilized to distinguish embryos in danger of bleakness and mortality, in this manner giving a chance to improve fetal results. In such manner, the accessible typical reference estimations of proportion () for example uterine corridor Doppler waveform parameters to those of umbilical course and impact of hypertension on Doppler waveform of the obstetric populace of various countries, were not unequivocally illustrated. The examination incorporates 60 pregnant ladies (in two periods 33-36 weeks and 37-40 weeks of incubation, 40 of them with pregnancy instigated hypertension and 20 as a control. The uterine courses and umbilical corridor files were determined just as proportions () for the RI and S/D, subsequent to gating the normal estimations of both uterine conduits files, the proportion between the uterine supply route and umbilical vein records was taken(normal uterine supply route/umbilical vein proportion, ). The mean ± SD of parameters expressed in the following manner:For PIH group At 33-36 weeks: RI =0.89 ± 0.26, PI = 0.94 ± 0.41and S/D =0.86 ± 0.31. The 95% confidence interval of the mean for four weeks were 0.77-1.0, 0.78-1.11, 0.74-0.99, respectively. At 37-40 weeks: RI= 1.00 ± 0.26, PI =1.05 ± 0.43 and S/D =1.03 ± 0.36. The 95% confidence interval of the mean for four weeks were 0..61, 0..31 and 0.81-1.25 respectively. For control group:At 33-36 weeks : RI =0.69 ± 0.08,PI= 0.73 ±0.13, and S/D=0.67 ± 0.09. The 95% confidence interval of the mean for four weeks were 0..80, 0..90 and0..78 respectively. At 37-40 weeks : RI= 0.99 ± 0.31, PI=0.95 ± 0.33, and S/D=0.92 ± 0.25. The 95% confidence interval of the mean for four weeks were 0..80, 0.76-1.13 and0.78-1.06respectively. A starter foundation of proportion ( of RI, PI and S/D) of Iraqi obstetric populace in and PIH at third trimester is most likely settled. The present investigation gave reference ranges in regards to uterine and umbilical supply routes , and S/ at 33-36 and 37-40 weeks of incubation in both.

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Mokate, A. S., M. C. VARSHNEYA, and T. R. V. NAIDU. "DIURNAL ENERGY BALANCE STUDIES OVER WHEAT USING BOWEN RATIO ENERGY BALANCE METHOD." MAUSAM 45, no. 4 (January 1, 2022): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v45i4.2515.

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Enelll:Y bala nce study was cond ucted uver ....n eat crop at its vari ou s Ilru"'1h stases unde r irriga tedcondition .. usine Bo~'e11 Rat io Enere)' Balance (HRt:lH 1U~1huJ . On clea r days net radi auo i. (R.> ranee.! from S17 10()l)4 w mc TIH" mi d-day latent heat partitioning was appnlJ.imalely H9. lUI. 92 and 1m", o f R. at joinung, flowe ring.soli doujh find ha rd d uugh stage s re spectlve ry. The soil heat n ux (5) was approximatel y 6 to 13%of R" a nd wasminimum .11 "nfl ,toul!'h ..tage. Th e se ns ible heat udvecu ou ""liS found In be a common ph enomenon a nd comrtbutedapp U),'(iOl;\td)' 1 to S"'" o f R. a t mid -liar a nd ihi Inten ..il)' wa s 1Il 0~ afte r 1401.) hOI at all stases

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Dong, Wenhao, and Yi Ming. "Seasonality and Variability of Snowfall to Total Precipitation Ratio over High Mountain Asia Simulated by the GFDL High-Resolution AM4." Journal of Climate 35, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 5573–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-22-0026.1.

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Abstract The ratio of snowfall to total precipitation (S/P ratio) is an important metric that is widely used to detect and monitor hydrologic responses to climate change over mountainous areas. Changes in the S/P ratio over time have proved to be reliable indicators of climatic warming. In this study, the seasonality and interannual variability of monthly S/P ratios over High Mountain Asia (HMA) have been examined during the period 1950–2014 based on a three-member ensemble of simulations using the latest GFDL AM4 model. The results show a significant decreasing trend in S/P ratios during the analysis period, which has mainly resulted from reductions in snowfall, with increases in total precipitation playing a secondary role. Significant regime shifts in S/P ratios are detected around the mid-1990s, with rainfall becoming the dominant form of precipitation over HMA after the changepoints. Attribution analysis demonstrates that increases in rainfall during recent decades were primarily caused by a transformation of snowfall to rainfall as temperature warmed. A logistic equation is used to explore the relationship between the S/P ratio and surface temperature, allowing calculation of a threshold temperature at which the S/P ratio equals 50% (i.e., precipitation is equally likely to take the form of rainfall or snowfall). These temperature thresholds are higher over higher elevations. This study provides an extensive evaluation of simulated S/P ratios over the HMA that helps clarify the seasonality and interannual variability of this metric over the past several decades. The results have important socioeconomic and environmental implications, particularly with respect to water management in Asia under climate change.

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Li, Xi Qin, Su Yan Cai, Bing Liu, and Xue Qun He. "Study on Emission Control of CNG Engine Based on D-S Evidence Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 109 (October 2011): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.109.281.

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To reduce emissions, CNG engines are commonly equipped with three-way catalytic converters. However when the engines run at transient conditions, the air fuel ratio can not be precisely controlled at theoretical value by traditional means, so the catalytic converters can not achieve their desired effect. This paper presents a new method for CNG engines to control air fuel ratio at transient conditions. The moments which intake and exhaust valves open are used as the trigger signals for ECU to collect the test data simultaneously. The dynamic information of CNG engine is detected by multiple sensors; the nonlinear coupling relationship between air fuel ratio of CNG engine and the operating conditions are established through information fusion and neural network control. The requirement of real time control for air fuel ratio is achieved, so the emissions of CNG engines are reduced further.

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Sudrajat, Usep. "ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PT. ASTRA AGORA LESTARI PERUSAHAAN YANG TERCATAT DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 7, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34006/jmb.v7i4.24.

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Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada PT. Astra Agora Lestari Perusahaan Yang Tercatat Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Perumusan masalah adalah bagaimana kinerja keuangan PT. Astra Agora Lestari perusahaan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kinerja keuangan PT. Astra Agora Lestari perusahaan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Data dan informasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dihimpun dengan cara melihat laporan keuangan tahun 2015 s/d 2017. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menganalisis kinerja keungan dengan mengukur Rasio Likuiditas, Rasio Solvabilitas, Rasio Aktivitas, dan Rasio Profitabilitas. Hasil dari analisis dari laporan keuangan periode tahun 2015 s/d 2017 terlihat bahwa tingkat likuiditas dianalisis dari segi current ratio terjadi peningkatan tetapi dalam kondisi kurang baik, dari segi quick ratio dalam kondisi kurang baik, dari segi cash ratio dalam kondisi kurang baik. Tingkat solvabilitas dari dianalisis dari segi debt to equity ratio (DER) dalam kondisi baik, dari segi debt ratio dalam kondisi baik. Tingkat rasio aktivitas yang dianalisis dari segi Total Assets Turnover dalam kondisi kurang lancar, dari segi inventor turnover dalam kondisi lancar. Tingkat rasio profitabilitas perusahaan yang dianalisis dari segi net profit margin dalam kondisi lancar, dari segi return on investement dalam kondisi lancar dan dari segi return on equity dalam kondisi lancar.

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Zhao, Jian Hua, and Ling Zhang. "Structural Damage Localization Using D-S Evidence Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 999–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.999.

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Damage localization is a key issue in the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). In order to enhance the accuracy of damage localization, an approach based on D-S evidence theory is studied in this paper. First, damage results obtained from the modal strain energy change ratio (MSECR) method and the multiple damage location assurance criterion (MDLAC) method are regarded as two independent information sources, respectively. And then, the D-S evidence theory-based information fusion technique is employed to integrate these two results and make a final decision. To compare the damage identification results under different methods, a practical damage evaluation indicator is presented. Numerical study on a cantilever beam is carried out to verify the proposed method. Results indicate that the damage evaluation indicators calculated by D-S evidence theory are superior to the single method. That is to say, structural damage identification method based on D-S evidence theory performs very well in determining the damage locations.

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Yildirim, Kenan, Sule Altun, and Yusuf Ulcay. "Relationship between Yarn Properties and Process Parameters in False-Twist Textured Yarn." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 4, no. 2 (June 2009): 155892500900400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892500900400205.

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The properties of false-twist textured yarns in the aspects of crimp characteristic and tensile behavior depend mainly on the draw ratio and the D/Y ratio. This study comprises investigations of the effect of D/Y ratio and draw ratio on the crimp and tensile properties and percent crystallinity. While there was no noticeable change on the percent crystallinity by altering these parameters, tenacity increased and crimp contraction decreased with increasing draw ratio, and crimp stability decreased when the D/Y ratio increased. K/S value also decreased with increasing draw ratio.

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Qin, Jing, Wei Lu, and Yun Zhao. "Calculation Method of Soil-Column Area Replacement Ratio in the Composite Foundation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.216.

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The calculation equations of soil-column area replacement ratio (m) recommended by Chinese code Technical Code for Ground Treatment of Buildings (JGJ79-2012) have many limits in the practice. In this document, general equations of m value are derived by subdividing the composite soil element under the different pile arrangements. The results show that m value is determined by the two parameters: interval number among piles (n) and pile diameter-spacing ratio (d/s). m value greatly decreases with the increase of d/s at the constant n, whereas m slightly decreases with the increase of n at the constant d/s, and the larger n, the smaller drop of m value. Under triangular pile arrangement, the Chinese code recommended equations can be used with less than 10 percent of error ratio of m value when the width of composite foundation is above 10 m, but the general equations should be applied when the width is below 10 m. Under square pile arrangement, the recommended equations can be used when the width of composite subgrade is above 15 m, but the general equations should be applied when the width is below 15 m. The general calculation equations of m value derived in this paper can provide certain reference for theoretical calculation and engineering application.

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Syayuthi, A. R., Haftirman, K. S. Basaruddin, and M. S. Abdul Manan. "Investigation of Flexure Strength on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy (CFRE) for Aircraft Panel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 786 (August 2015): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.786.79.

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Failure behaviour of aircraft sandwich panels under bending load has been investigated in this study. Three-points bending test was performed to the specimens with various span-to-thickness (S/d) ratios 32, 40, and 60. Testing method and dimension of specimens were adhering to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D-790M. Deflection and energy absorption of the sandwich panels was characterized by specific span-to-thickness (S/d) ratios. It was found that specimen with S/d of 40 has the steepest slope in stress-strain curve and specimen with S/d of 32 has the highest flexure strength, 831MPa. The flexure strength decreases with the increasing of span-to-thickness ratio. The result shows that the increasing of the span-to-thickness ratio increased the crack length at the lowest maximum bending stress, 636 MPa. The results suggest that the performance of the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy (CFRE) composites is strongly influenced by the crack length.

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MA, Kai, and Hong-qi SU. "S/N Ratio of 4-Channel A/D Geological Radar Non-uniform Sampling Signals." Journal of China University of Mining and Technology 17, no. 4 (December 2007): 534–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-1266(07)60140-0.

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WU, XIAODONG. "EFFICIENT ALGORITHMS FOR THE OPTIMAL-RATIO REGION DETECTION PROBLEMS IN DISCRETE GEOMETRY WITH APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 19, no. 02 (April 2009): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218195909002873.

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In this paper, we study several interesting optimal-ratio region detection (ORD) problems in d- D (d ≥ 3) discrete geometric spaces, which arise in high dimensional medical image segmentation. Given a d- D voxel grid of n cells, two classes of geometric regions that are enclosed by a single or two coupled smooth heighfield surfaces defined on the entire grid domain are considered. The objective functions are normalized by a function of the desired regions, which avoids a bias to produce an overly large or small region resulting from data noise. The normalization functions that we employ are used in real medical image segmentation. To our best knowledge, no previous results on these problems in high dimensions are known. We develop a unified algorithmic framework based on a careful characterization of the intrinsic geometric structures and a nontrivial graph transformation scheme, yielding efficient polynomial time algorithms for solving these ORD problems. Our main ideas include the following. We observe that the optimal solution to the ORD problems can be obtained via the construction of a convex hull for a set of O(n) unknown 2-D points using the hand probing technique. The probing oracles are implemented by computing a minimum s-t cut in a weighted directed graph. The ORD problems are then solved by O(n) calls to the minimum s-t cut algorithm. For the class of regions bounded by a single heighfield surface, our further investigation shows that the O(n) calls to the minimum s-t cut algorithm are on a monotone parametric flow network, which enables to detect the optimal-ratio region in the complexity of computing a single maximum flow.

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Conget, I., and W. Malaisse. "Unaltered Ratio Between3HOH Generation from D-[2-3H]Glucose and D-[5-3H]Glucose in Rat Erythrocytes Exposed to Cytochalasin B." Hormone and Metabolic Research 26, no. 06 (June 1994): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1001689.

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31

Schwarz, Hugo E. "Emission Line Ratio Classification of Symbiotic Stars." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 103 (1988): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100103264.

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AbstractA 2-dimensional classification system for symbiotic stars based on the 5007/4861 and 3727/5007 line ratios adapted from the method of Baldwin et al.(1981) is presented. It is shown that a simple measurement suffices to classify stars and no reddening has to be taken into account. Symbiotics fall into 2 distinct classes in the line ratio plot. The dusty and S types. Neither type coincides with either the planetary nebulae or the HII region locus. The highest excitation is found for the dusty types. The two dimensional distribution can be interpreted as evolutionary, the more evolved Mira containing symbiotics lying closer to the PN locus. The fact that there are few D, D’ type symbiotics would indicate that the phase between Mira and PN is short.

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Bukovčić, Petar, Alexander Ryzhkov, and Dusan Zrnić. "Polarimetric Relations for Snow Estimation—Radar Verification." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 59, no. 5 (May 2020): 991–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-19-0140.1.

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AbstractIn a 2018 paper by Bukovčić et al., polarimetric bivariate power-law relations for estimating snowfall rate S and ice water content (IWC), and , were developed utilizing 2D video disdrometer snow measurements in Oklahoma. Herein, these disdrometer-based relations are generalized for the range of particle aspect ratios from 0.5 to 0.8 and the width of the canting angle distribution from 0° to 40° and are validated via analytical/theoretical derivations and simulations. In addition, a novel S(KDP, Zdr) polarimetric relation utilizing the ratio between specific differential phase KDP and differential reflectivity Zdr, , is derived. Both KDP and are proportionally affected by the ice particles’ aspect ratio and width of the canting angle distribution; therefore, the variables’ ratio tends to be almost invariant to the changes in these parameters. The S(KDP, Z) and S(KDP, Zdr) relations are applied to the polarimetric S-band WSR-88D data obtained from three geographical locations in Virginia, Oklahoma, and Colorado, and their performance is compared with estimations from the standard S(Z) relations and ground snow measurements. The polarimetric estimates of snow accumulations from the three cases exhibit smaller bias in comparison with the S(Z), indicating good potential for more reliable radar snow measurements.

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Brosse, Nicolas, and Patricia Ern. "The motion of an axisymmetric body falling in a tube at moderate Reynolds numbers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 714 (January 2, 2013): 238–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.475.

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AbstractThis study concerns the rectilinear and periodic paths of an axisymmetric solid body (short-length cylinder and disk of diameter $d$ and thickness $h$) falling in a vertical tube of diameter $D$. We investigated experimentally the influence of the confinement ratio ($S= d/ D\lt 0. 8$) on the motion of the body, for different aspect ratios ($\chi = d/ h= 3$, $6$ and $10$), Reynolds numbers ($80\lt Re\lt 320$) and a density ratio between the fluid and the body close to unity. For a given body, the Reynolds number based on its mean vertical velocity is observed to decrease when $S$ increases. The critical Reynolds number for the onset of the periodic motion decreases with $S$ in the case of thin bodies ($\chi = 10$), whereas it appears unaffected by $S$ for thicker bodies ($\chi = 3$ and $6$). The characteristics of the periodic motion are also strongly modified by the confinement ratio. A thick body ($\chi = 3$) tends to go back to a rectilinear path when $S$ increases, while a thin body ($\chi = 10$) displays oscillations of growing amplitude with $S$ until it touches the tube (at about $S= 0. 5$). For a given aspect ratio, however, the amplitudes of the oscillations follow a unique curve for all $S$, which depends only on the relative distance of the Reynolds number to the threshold of path instability. In parallel, numerical simulations of the wake of a body held fixed in a uniform confined flow were carried out. The simulations allowed us to determine in this configuration the effect of the confinement ratio on the thresholds for wake instability (loss of axial symmetry at $R{e}_{c 1} $ and loss of stationarity at $R{e}_{c 2} $) and on the maximal velocity ${V}_{w} $ in the recirculating region of the stationary axisymmetric wake. The evolution with $\chi $ and $S$ of ${V}_{w} $ at $R{e}_{c 1} $ was used to define a Reynolds number $R{e}^{\ast} $. Remarkably, for a freely moving body, $R{e}^{\ast} $ remains almost constant when $S$ varies, regardless of the nature of the path.

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Inagaki, Yousuke, Sayed Mohammed Shamsuddin, Yutaka Matsumi, and Masahiro Kawasaki. "Dynamics of the Reaction S(1D) + HD, H2, and D2: Isotopic Branching Ratios and Translational Energy Release." Laser Chemistry 14, no. 4 (January 1, 1994): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/86820.

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Doppler profiles of H and D atoms from the reaction S(1D) with HD and a 1:1 mixture of H2 and D2 have been measured by a laser-induced fluorescence technique with a vacuum ultraviolet laser. An isotopic channel branching ratio of φ (SD + H)/φ (SH + D) is measured to be 0.9 ± 0.1 in the reaction of S(1D) + HD at average collision energy Ecoll = 1.2 kcal/mol. In S(1D) + HD, D2, and H2, the translational energies released are almost the same, 4.6 ± 0.5 kcal/mol for H and D production channels. The measured branching ratio and translational energy release suggest that the reaction proceeds via a long-lived complex formed by insertion.

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35

Liu, Zhelong, Jianhua Zhang, Jiangtao Yan, Yuping Wang, and Yongsheng Li. "Leucocyte Telomere Shortening in relation to Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Depression." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/673959.

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The goal of this study is to investigate the association between oxidative stress and telomere length shortening in the comorbid depression and diabetes. Therefore, 71 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 52 subjects with normal glycemic level (control, Ctrl) were enrolled. Depressive status was identified with the Depression Subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). Leukocyte telomere length ratio (T/S ratio) was determined with quantitative PCR. Oxidative stress status was evaluated with 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) assay kit. Some other biochemical blood testing was also performed. The data showed that T2D patients had higher proportion of depression evaluated by the HADS-D (x2=4.196,P=0.041). T/S ratio was significantly negatively correlated with 8-OHdG, HADS-D, age, HbA1c, FPG, and HOMA-IR. In addition, HADS-D was significantly positively correlated with HbA1c, FPG, HOMA-IR, and 8-OHdG. Both HADS-D and 8-OHdG were the major independent predictors for T/S ratio. This study indicates that oxidative stress contributes to both telomere length shortening and depression development in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, while in depression status, some other mechanisms besides oxidative stress may also affect the telomere length.

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36

Hallis, L. J. "D/H ratios of the inner Solar System." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2094 (April 17, 2017): 20150390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0390.

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The original hydrogen isotope (D/H) ratios of different planetary bodies may indicate where each body formed in the Solar System. However, geological and atmospheric processes can alter these ratios through time. Over the past few decades, D/H ratios in meteorites from Vesta and Mars, as well as from S- and C-type asteroids, have been measured. The aim of this article is to bring together all previously published data from these bodies, as well as the Earth, in order to determine the original D/H ratio for each of these inner Solar System planetary bodies. Once all secondary processes have been stripped away, the inner Solar System appears to be relatively homogeneous in terms of water D/H, with the original water D/H ratios of Vesta, Mars, the Earth, and S- and C-type asteroids all falling between δD values of −100‰ and −590‰. This homogeneity is in accord with the ‘Grand tack’ model of Solar System formation, where giant planet migration causes the S- and C-type asteroids to be mixed within 1 AU to eventually form the terrestrial planets. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The origin, history and role of water in the evolution of the inner Solar System’.

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Abd Elnabi, Mohamed Mohamed, Tarek Abd Elsadek Osman, Alaa Eldeen El Mokadem, and Abou Bakr Elshalakany . "Modeling and Optimization of Friction Stir Welding Parameters for Joining Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 4, no. 1 (April 4, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.4.1.1-14.

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The objectives of this work are to optimize the process parameters on the mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and ductility) of dissimilar joints between AA5454 and AA7075 produced by friction stir welding and to determine which of them is significant by using Taguchi L16 optimization method. Seven parameters at two levels were selected in this study. The selected parameters are tool rotational speed, traverse speed, pin profile (based on taper angle), D/d ratio, tool tilt angle, plunge depth, and base metal location. Then, mathematical models are built as function of significant parameters/ interactions using Response Surface Methodology. The results of this work showed that the rotational speed, traverse speed, D/d ratio and plunge depth are significant parameters in determining UTS (Mean, Signal to noise ratio (S/N)) at different confidence levels, but pin profile, location of base metal and tool tilt angle are insignificant parameters at any confidence levels. The traverse speed has the highest contribution to the process for UTS about 18.577 % and 16.943 % for S/N ratio and mean, respectively. The accuracy of the models according to the UTS is 97.678 % and 99.56 %for mean and S/N ratio, respectively. The maximum joint efficiency, compared to the strength of the AA5454, is 85.3%.

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Atofarati, E. O., A. O. Muritala, B. O. Malomo, and S. A. Adio. "Control of vortex shedding around a circular cylinder using bubble tabs in the laminar flow regime." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 1108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i4.18.

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Vortex induced vibration (VIV) is the major cause of several catastrophic disasters due to fatigue failures induced by drag and lift forces in aerodynamic systems. This study investigates the control of VIV phenomenon through passive bubble tab(s) having a small diameter (d) relative to the main circular cylinder (D) in a two-dimensional (2-D) flow domain. Using ANSYS Fluent computational software, flow analysis was conducted at a Reynolds number (Re) of 80 for various bubble tab configurations at different spacing ratios (x/D) and diameter ratios (d/D). The drag coefficient, the velocity and pressure contours, along with the flow streamlines in eachcase were studied. The results indicated the optimized tab(s) positions for different spacing ratios, diameter ratios, and configurations. The study effectively established that passive bubble tabs can potentially control VIV associated with flows around a circular cylinder. Keywords: Vortex Shedding; Drag Coefficient; Circular Cylinder; Bubble Tab(S); Spacing Ratio; Diameter Ratio.

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39

Goto, Yutaka. "Effects of Noise on the Interpolation Accuracy for Apodized FFT Spectra of Time-Domain Damped Signals." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 12 (December 1995): 1776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953966037.

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Interpolation formulas for the apodized magnitude-mode fast Fourier transformed (FFT) spectra determine accurately the frequency, damping constant, and amplitude of time-domain damped signals. However, additive noise causes a large amount of error in interpolation. In this paper, we obtain, theoretically, the frequency-domain signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio due to windowing by the function of sinα( X) and quantization with finite bit-length analog-to-digital (A/D) converters. Then, with the use of the squared ratios between three magnitudes nearest to the peak maximum on the apodized FFT spectrum, we derive the relationship equation between the frequency error and the S/N ratio. The results obtained by computer simulation of experimental conditions (i.e., sampling, quantization, windowing, FFT, and interpolation) for the Hanning window (α = 2) agree well with the theoretical calculations; the frequency errors decrease with increasing bit-length of the A/D converter. These observed errors are unavoidable because A/D converters are indispensable for measurements with Fourier transform spectrometers. Furthermore, as shown theoretically, the observed accuracy of interpolation is inversely proportional to the S/N ratio, provided that the S/N ratio is below the value due to quantization and windowing.

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Bailas, Gabriela, Benoît Blossier, Jochen Heitger, Vincent Morénas, and Matthias Post. "On the D*s and charmonia leptonic decays." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 13002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817513002.

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Among the different scenarios of New Physics, those with an extended Higgs sector are examined with a lot of attention. Recent experimental observations of several anomalies in flavour physics with respect to expectations of the Standard Model further motivate the effort of phenomenologists. First, informations about the RDs ratio, a test of lepton flavour universality equivalent to RD, already measured, but with the s quark as spectator, are awaited in coming years to constrain the corner of an extended Higgs sector with charged doublets. On another side, leptonic widths of pseudoscalar quarkonia are particularly interesting to test an extended Higgs sector with a light CP-odd Higgs boson singlet, through the study of its mixing with quarkonia states. Hadronic parameters entering those processes have to be determined from lattice QCD with enough confidence on the control of systematic errors. We report on the very first step of a long-term program tackled with Nf = 2 Wilson-Clover fermions to put relevant constraints on extensions of the Higgs sector: extraction of decay constants of D*s, ƞc, ƞc (2S), J/Ψ and Ψ(2S) with lattice ensembles provided by the CLS effort, considering 2 lattice spacings and a large range of pion masses to estimate cut-off effects and extrapolate results to the chiral limit.

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Lumbanraja, Sarma Nursani, Muhammad Rizki Yasnil, and Andre Marolop Pangihutan Siahaan. "Examination of Systole/Diastole Ratio of Umbilical Artery in the third Trimester Gestational Pregnancy and its Correlation with Lactate Acid Level in Fetal Cord." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, B (April 20, 2020): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4071.

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BACKGROUND: Fetal distress is a serious complication of perinatal infants and refers to fetal hypoxia in the uterus and asphyxia immediately after the baby is born. The occurrence of uteroplacental disorders is related to various factors, including maternal and fetal factors. When fetal distress occurs, umbilical cord blood flow and fetal blood flow decrease, which in turn causes fetal circulation and respiratory dysfunction in the womb. Evaluating cord blood flow characteristics with ultrasound can provide a reference for prediction and diagnosis of fetal distress, especially by conducting an ultrasound examination of the Doppler S/D ratio of the umbilical arteries especially at gestational age >30 weeks. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess the correlation between umbilical artery SD ratio examinations with lactate acid levels in the umbilical METHODS: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional study design. The research was conducted in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan and Satellite Hospital. The sample was pregnant women who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we found 38 of pregnant women from January to December 2019. Results: The average age of patients in this study was 30 (5) years, the majority of multiparous patients were 25 (47.2), the average gestational age was 38 (2) weeks. Most births in this study were SC 38 (71.7) with an average S/D ratio in the study of 2.81 (0.52) and a mean lactic acid level of 2.7 (0.4). The average Apgar score in this study was 8/9 as many as 29 (54.7), the average S/D ratio is obtained with the average Apgar score of the patient. From this study, it is known that the higher the Apgar score, the higher the average S/D ratio value in patients. The mean patients with poor Apgar outcomes (5/6) have an S/D ratio of 2.5. From the analysis using ANNOVA also obtained p < 0.28. This shows that there is no significant relationship between Apgar score and S/D ratio. Increasing in lactic acid was found in infant outcomes with an Apgar score of 9/10 with a mean value of 2.9 (0.5). From the ANNOVA analysis, a p = 0.99 was also found. This showed that there was no significant relationship between the levels of lactic acid and Apgar score for infants. Lactic acid has a very weak positive correlation with Apgar score for infants with an R value of 0.274 (p = 0.047), this shows that lactic acid does not have a strong relationship with infant outcomes. CONCLUSION: There was no correlation between umbilical cord S/D ratio and lactic acid with Apgar score. Lactic acid has a very weak positive correlation with the infant Apgar score with an R value of 0.274.

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Chitsazan, Ali, and Birgit Glasmacher. "Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer and Pressure Force from Multiple Jets Impinging on a Moving Flat Surface." International Journal of Heat and Technology 38, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.380304.

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In this paper extensive numerical investigation of the heat transfer characteristics and the pressure force of jet impingement from the single row and multiple rows on a fixed and moving flat surface are reported. The computations were carried out over a wide range of parameters: relative nozzle-to-surface distance (H/d) from 0.5 to 6, relative nozzle to nozzle distances (S/d) from 4 to 10, jet angle from 45° to 90°, relative velocity ratio (Vplate/Vj) i.e. ratio of surface velocity to jet velocity from 0 to 1. The jet Reynolds number (Re) of 2,500, 3,400, 10,000, 20,000, and 23,000 and the number of jet rows of 1, 2, 4, and 8 have been used. It was found that the numerical accuracy by SST k-ω model is reasonably high to allow for a discussion of the main flow and heat transfer characteristics. The jet impingement heat transfer performance is generally enhanced with the increase of jet Reynolds number and jet angle and with the decrease of surface distance (H/d), jet distance (S/d) and the relative velocity ratio (Vplate/Vj) within the range examined. The pressure force coefficients on the impingement surface are relatively insensitive to Re number and the velocity ratio within the range examined, while it has highly dependent on H/d, S/d and jet angle. For multiple rows of aligned jet holes, the flow pattern exhibited a different shape due to the different intensity of the interference between adjacent air jets. The effect of multiple rows with regards to the impact on average Nu and pressure force coefficient for different geometry variations such as Re, H/d, S/d, VR and ɵ is negligible compared to the single row by approximately 9 and 13% in average respectively. Based on the computed results, equations of dimensionless parameters are correlated.

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Madarasi, Péter. "Matchings under distance constraints I." Annals of Operations Research 305, no. 1-2 (June 28, 2021): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04127-8.

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AbstractThis paper introduces the d-distance matching problem, in which we are given a bipartite graph $$G=(S,T;E)$$ G = ( S , T ; E ) with $$S=\{s_1,\dots ,s_n\}$$ S = { s 1 , ⋯ , s n } , a weight function on the edges and an integer $$d\in \mathbb Z_+$$ d ∈ Z + . The goal is to find a maximum-weight subset $$M\subseteq E$$ M ⊆ E of the edges satisfying the following two conditions: (i) the degree of every node of S is at most one in M, (ii) if $$s_it,s_jt\in M$$ s i t , s j t ∈ M , then $$|j-i|\ge d$$ | j - i | ≥ d . This question arises naturally, for example, in various scheduling problems. We show that the problem is NP-complete in general and admits a simple 3-approximation. We give an FPT algorithm parameterized by d and also show that the case when the size of T is constant can be solved in polynomial time. From an approximability point of view, we show that the integrality gap of the natural integer programming model is at most $$2-\frac{1}{2d-1}$$ 2 - 1 2 d - 1 , and give an LP-based approximation algorithm for the weighted case with the same guarantee. A combinatorial $$(2-\frac{1}{d})$$ ( 2 - 1 d ) -approximation algorithm is also presented. Several greedy approaches are considered, and a local search algorithm is described that achieves an approximation ratio of $$3/2+\epsilon $$ 3 / 2 + ϵ for any constant $$\epsilon >0$$ ϵ > 0 in the unweighted case. The novel approaches used in the analysis of the integrality gap and the approximation ratio of locally optimal solutions might be of independent combinatorial interest.

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Tandogan, Tamer, Gerd Auffarth, Stephanie Liebing, Chul Choi, and Ramin Khoramnia. "Auswirkungen der Nahaddition auf die optische Qualität von diffraktiven multifokalen Intraokularlinsen – eine Laborstudie an der optischen Bank." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 234, no. 12 (October 12, 2017): 1533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-112860.

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Zusammenfassung Ziel Analyse und Vergleich der optischen Qualität diffraktiver multifokaler Intraokularlinsen (IOL) mit unterschiedlichen Nahadditionen mithilfe einer optischen Bank im Rahmen einer Laborstudie. Methode Die AcrySof® IQ ReSTOR® + 2.5 D SV25T0 (Alcon, USA), die AcrySof® IQ ReSTOR® + 3.0 D SN6AD1 (Alcon, USA) sowie die TECNIS® ZMA00 und ZMB00 (Abbott Medical Optics, USA) mit einer Brechkraft von 21 dpt für die Ferne wurden an der optischen Bank OptiSpheric® IOL PRO (TRIOPTICS GmbH, Wedel) untersucht. Das optische Design dieser Linsen ist ähnlich, die Modelle unterscheiden sich allerdings hinsichtlich ihrer Nahaddition: Die AcrySof IQ ReSTOR + 2.5 D hat eine Nahaddition von + 2,5 dpt, die AcrySof IQ ReSTOR + 3.0 D eine Nahaddition von + 3,0 dpt und beide TECNIS-Linsen eine Nahaddition von + 4,0 dpt. Untersucht wurden die Fläche unterhalb der Kurve der Modulationstransferfunktion (Modulation Transfer Function Area, MTFA) und die Strehl Ratio. Weiterhin wurden die Abbildungseigenschaften der IOL mithilfe von USAF-Target-Bildern (USAF: United States Air Force) qualitativ miteinander verglichen. Ergebnis Die MTFA-Werte für den Fernfokus waren im Median 47,85/42,06/33,57 (2,5 dpt/3,0 dpt/4,0 dpt). Für den Intermediärfokus erreichten die MTFA-Werte 11,05/9,54/8,60. Die MTFA-Werte für den Nahfokus waren 20,11/29,50/33,39. Die Strehl Ratio des Fernfokus betrug 0,48/0,42/0,29. Für den Intermediärfokus war die Strehl Ratio 0,11/0,10/0,09. Die Strehl Ratio des Nahfokus betrug 0,20/0,30/0,34. Die USAF-Target-Bilder korrelierten mit diesen Messwerten. Schlussfolgerung Für den Nahfokus erzielen die ZMA00 und ZMB00 die besten Ergebnisse, während die IQ ReSTOR + 2.5 D am schlechtesten abschneidet. Im Intermediärbereich erreichen alle IOL ähnliche Ergebnisse. Für den Fernfokus erzielt die IQ ReSTOR + 2.5 D die besten Ergebnisse. Da heutzutage diverse Nahadditionen bei diffraktiven multifokalen IOL zur Verfügung stehen, kann die Wahl der richtigen Linse individuell auf die Bedürfnisse jedes Patienten abgestimmt werden.

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KASKAMALAS, S., B. KRUNAVAKARN, and S. YOKSAN. "DEPENDENCE OF THE GAP-RATIO ON THE FERMI LEVEL SHIFT IN A VAN HOVE SUPERCONDUCTOR." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 19n20 (August 10, 2000): 2127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200002387.

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To understand the origin of high temperature superconductivity model based on the close proximity of the Fermi level to a quasi-two-dimensional Van Hove Singularity (VHS) in the density of states has been suggested. Here we present our study of the dependence of the zero temperature gap to the critical temperature for s- and d-wave superconductors on the Fermi level shift (δ) from the VHS within the BCS theory. Exact numerical calculations for the s and d gap ratios are carried out and approximate analytic expressions for the ratio are given. We find that the maximum gap ratio occurs at δ=0, and it decreases symmetrically with increasing δ.

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Larsson, Susanna, Matthew Traylor, Hugh Markus, and Karl Michaëlsson. "Serum Parathyroid Hormone, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2018): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091243.

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We conducted Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate the associations of serum parathyroid hormone (S-PTH) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD) concentrations with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Five and seven single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with S-PTH and S-25OHD concentrations, respectively, were used as instrumental variables. Data for AD were acquired from the International Genomics of Alzheimer’s Project (17,008 AD cases and 37,154 controls). Genetically higher S-PTH concentrations were not associated with AD (odds ratio per standard deviation increase in S-PTH = 1.11; 95% CI 0.97–1.26; p = 0.12). In contrast, all seven 25OHD-increasing alleles were inversely associated with AD and two of the associations were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The odds ratio of AD per genetically-predicted one standard deviation increase in S-25OHD was 0.86 (95% CI 0.78–0.94; p = 0.002). This study provides evidence that vitamin D may play a role in AD but found no significant association between S-PTH and AD.

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Rafla, N. M. "Surveillance of Triplets with Umbilical Artery Velocimetry Waveforms." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 38, no. 3-4 (October 1989): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000002701.

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AbstractDoppler arterial velocimetry waveforms was used as a method of antenatal surveillance for triplets. Six sets of triplet pregnancies were studied. Each fetus was identified by real-time-ultrasound scanning and the peak systolic/end diastolic (S/D) ratio was calculated. In one set of triplets two fetuses showed absent end diastolic flow. Both subsequently suffered from necrotising enterocolitis and had major bowel resection. The five other sets of triplets maintained a normal S/D ratio. Three had a normal outcome and two delivered prematurely.

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Papadopoulos, Georgios A., Dominiek G. D. Maes, Stephanie Van Weyenberg, Theo A. T. G. van Kempen, Johan Buyse, and Geert P. J. Janssens. "Peripartal feeding strategy with different n-6:n-3 ratios in sows: effects on sows' performance, inflammatory and periparturient metabolic parameters." British Journal of Nutrition 101, no. 3 (July 10, 2008): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508026160.

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The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two lactation sow feeds, differing in n-6:n-3 ratio, given to sows before parturition on body condition and feed intake, periparturient metabolism (leptin, insulin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)), inflammatory parameters (TNFα, IL-6, serum amyloid A (SAA)) and on piglet performance (birth weight, survivability). The feed contained either a low (supplemented with fish oil; f groups) or high (supplemented with sunflower-seed oil; s groups) n-6:n-3 ratio and was administered from 8 d (f8, s8) or 3 d (f3, s3) before parturition until weaning. The level of inclusion of the oil sources was 2 %. Seventy-two sows were randomly allocated 8 d before expected farrowing into four groups: f3, f8, s3, s8. Type of feed had a significant influence on the sows' feed intake during the first 2 d of lactation (s < f), leptin on days 4, 3 and 2 before parturition (f < s), insulin on day 1 after parturition (f < s), T4 on the day before parturition (s < f) and rectal temperature on the day after parturition (f < s). Onset of administration of the feed (3 v. 8 d) had significant effects on leptin on day 2 before parturition (8 < 3), insulin on day 4 before parturition (3 < 8), T3 on day 4 before parturition and on the day after parturition (3 < 8), SAA on day 3 after parturition (8 < 3) and piglet weight during the first days postpartum (3 < 8). In conclusion, under the present conditions, a lactation feed low in n-6:n-3 ratio administered from 8 d before farrowing ensures improved feed intake during the first days postpartum and was associated with a better metabolic change and inflammatory profile in sows in the periparturient period.

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Böhm, Andreas, Thomas Hauck, and Wolfgang Beck. "Metallkomplexe mit biologisch wichtigen Liganden, CXXIV [1]. NMR-spektroskopische Bestimmung des Enantiomerenverhältnisses von α-Aminosäuren mit Hilfe eines chiralen orthometallierten Palladiumkomplexes/Metal Complexes of Biologically Important Ligands, CXXIV [1]. NMR-Spectroscopic Determination of the Enantiomeric Ratio of α-Amino Acidsby Use of a Chiral Orthometallated Palladium Complex." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 54, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 1360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1999-1104.

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The chiral orthometallated palladium complex (S)-[Pd{C6H4 (CH(CH3)N(CH3)2 )-C,N}Cl]2 (1) can be used as a reagent for the determination of the enantiomeric ratio of α-amino acids. By reaction of 1 with mixtures of several D- and L-α-amino carboxylates diastereoisomers of the α-amino acidato complexes 2a - g are obtained. 1NMR determination of the ratio of the diastereoisomers provides the D/L-ratio of the used D- and L-α-amino carboxylates and is therefore a simple method for the determination of the enantiomeric ratio of α-amino acids.

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Junyent, Francesc, V. Chandrasekar, V. N. Bringi, S. A. Rutledge, P. C. Kennedy, D. Brunkow, J. George, and R. Bowie. "Transformation of the CSU–CHILL Radar Facility to a Dual-Frequency, Dual-Polarization Doppler System." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 975–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00150.1.

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Abstract This paper describes the transformation of the Colorado State University–University of Chicago–Illinois State Water Survey (CSU–CHILL) National Radar Facility from a single-frequency (S band) dual-polarization Doppler weather radar system to a dual-frequency (S and X bands) dual-polarization Doppler system with coaxial beams. A brief history regarding the development of dual-wavelength radars is first presented. In the past, dual-wavelength measurements were used to detect hail using the dual-wavelength ratio defined as the ratio of intrinsic (or attenuation corrected) X-band reflectivity to the S-band reflectivity. Departures of this ratio from unity were taken to indicate the presence of hail, produced by Mie scattering at the shorter wavelength by hail. Most dual-wavelength radars were developed with attempts to match beams for S and X bands, which implies that the sample volumes for the two frequencies were essentially the same. The X-band channel of the CSU–CHILL radar takes a different approach, that of making use of the already existing dual-offset-fed antenna designed to give a 1° beamwidth at S band, resulting in an X-band beamwidth of approximately 0.3°, with very high gain. Thus, the X band provides about a factor of 3 more resolution than the S-band component while maintaining the same sensitivity as the S-band component. Examples of cold season and warm season data from the X-band and S-band radar components are presented, demonstrating the successful transformation of the CSU–CHILL radar into a unique multifrequency, multipolarization system. The new CSU–CHILL dual-wavelength, dual-polarization weather radar will serve as an important asset for the scientific community.

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Journal articles on the topic 'S/D RATIO'

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