Relevant bibliographies by topics / S/D RATIO

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'S/D RATIO'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "S/D RATIO"

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LEONETTI, PAOLO, and CARLO SANNA. "DIRECTIONS SETS: A GENERALISATION OF RATIO SETS." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 101, no. 3 (September 13, 2019): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972719000959.

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For every integer $k\geq 2$ and every $A\subseteq \mathbb{N}$, we define the $k$-directions sets of $A$ as $D^{k}(A):=\{\boldsymbol{a}/\Vert \boldsymbol{a}\Vert :\boldsymbol{a}\in A^{k}\}$ and $D^{\text{}\underline{k}}(A):=\{\boldsymbol{a}/\Vert \boldsymbol{a}\Vert :\boldsymbol{a}\in A^{\text{}\underline{k}}\}$, where $\Vert \cdot \Vert$ is the Euclidean norm and $A^{\text{}\underline{k}}:=\{\boldsymbol{a}\in A^{k}:a_{i}\neq a_{j}\text{ for all }i\neq j\}$. Via an appropriate homeomorphism, $D^{k}(A)$ is a generalisation of the ratio set$R(A):=\{a/b:a,b\in A\}$. We study $D^{k}(A)$ and $D^{\text{}\underline{k}}(A)$ as subspaces of $S^{k-1}:=\{\boldsymbol{x}\in [0,1]^{k}:\Vert \boldsymbol{x}\Vert =1\}$. In particular, generalising a result of Bukor and Tóth, we provide a characterisation of the sets $X\subseteq S^{k-1}$ such that there exists $A\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ satisfying $D^{\text{}\underline{k}}(A)^{\prime }=X$, where $Y^{\prime }$ denotes the set of accumulation points of $Y$. Moreover, we provide a simple sufficient condition for $D^{k}(A)$ to be dense in $S^{k-1}$. We conclude with questions for further research.
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SADEGHI, HOSSEIN, REZA POURIMANI, and HASSAN KHALILI. "The asymptotic D-state to S-state ratio of triton." Pramana 81, no. 5 (October 30, 2013): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-013-0619-z.

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Abbiendi, G., C. Ainsley, P. F. Åkesson, G. Alexander, J. Allison, G. Anagnostou, K. J. Anderson, et al. "Measurement of the branching ratio for D−s→τ−ν̄τ decays." Physics Letters B 516, no. 3-4 (September 2001): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(01)00936-4.

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Akaishi, Tetsuya, Michiaki Abe, Takashi Miki, Mika Miki, Yasuharu Funamizu, Sadayoshi Ito, Takaaki Abe, and Tadashi Ishii. "Ratio of diastolic to systolic blood pressure represents renal resistive index." Journal of Human Hypertension 34, no. 7 (October 4, 2019): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41371-019-0264-1.

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Abstract Increased intrarenal vascular resistance is suggested to accompany chronic kidney diseases (CKD), which is known to be closely associated with hypertension. However, there are few studies that have examined the relationship between blood pressure and intrarenal vascular resistance. Renal color Doppler ultrasonography is one method that can non-invasively evaluate intrarenal vascular resistance. In this study, we comprehensively studied the correlations between ultrasonic parameters and blood pressure indices to elucidate their relationships. In total, 162 patients with suspected CKD were enrolled for this study. Demographics, blood pressure, blood test, urine test, and renal color Doppler ultrasonography data were obtained. The ratio of diastolic to systolic blood pressure (D/S ratio) and pulse pressure were calculated. Our results indicated strong negative correlations between the renal resistive index (RI) values in all four of the studied kidney regions and the D/S ratio. The RI values also showed significant correlations with diastolic pressure and pulse pressure, but they were weaker. Partial correlation coefficients between pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, D/S ratio, and RI showed that D/S ratio significantly correlated with RI, but pulse pressure or mean arterial pressure did not. Systolic blood pressure did not correlate with any of the studied ultrasonic values. The negative correlation between RI values and the D/S ratio was still observed in subjects without renal dysfunction or any medications. In conclusion, D/S ratio, rather than pulse pressure or mean arterial pressure, would be the most appropriate index to estimate/calculate/judge intrarenal vascular resistance.
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HUANG, CHAO-SHANG, and JIAN-TAO LI. "$B^0_{d,s}-\bar{B}^0_{d,s}$ MIXING IN THE MODEL III 2HDM." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 01 (January 10, 2005): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05019749.

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In the model III 2HDM there are new CP violating phases which would affect the [Formula: see text] mixing. In this paper, we calculate the new physics contributions to the neutral B meson mass splitting ΔMBq (q=d,s) at the next-to-leading order (NLO) level. Using the high accuracy data and other relevant data, we draw the constraints on the parameter space of the model III 2HDM. Moreover, we calculate the new physics corrections to the ratio q/p. It is found that the phase of (q/p)n for Bd which is due to the new contributions is very small and consequently in agreement with the measurements of the time dependent CP asymmetry SJ/ψK in B→J/ψKS. On the contrary, the phase of (q/p)n for Bs is large enough to give significant effects on CP violation in the neutral Bs system.
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Polyanin, A. A., and Igor Y. Kogan. "Indexes of arterial blood flow in the utero-placental and fetal-placental circulation." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 51, no. 2 (April 14, 2002): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd90369.

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The aim of this study was to asses the normal ranges for S/D ratio and pulsatility index (PI) for umbilical artery (UA), aorta (A), middle cerebral artery (MCA), renal artery (RA) and uterine artery (UtA) during normal pregnancy. Results showed decrease of S/D ratio and PI for UA, UtA from 8 to 40 weeks of gestation and PI for RA from 20 to 40 weeks of gestation. S/D ratio and PI for A was not changed during second half of normal pregnancy. S/D ratio and PI for MCA were increased from 20 to 30 weeks of gestation and after that had tendency of decreasing to term.
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Dolgov, O. V., and A. A. Golubov. "ENERGY GAP IN S- AND D-WAVE PAIRING SUPERCONDUCTORS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 02, no. 05 (October 1988): 1089–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979288000950.

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The ratio 2Δ g / T c . where Δ g is the gap edge, T c is the critical temperature, is calculated in the framework of the model of strong electron-phonon coupling. Both isotropic and anisotropic pairing cases are considered. It is shown that the isotropic Eliashberg model can not account for the large values of the ratio 2Δ g / T c for the reasonable values of the electron-phonon coupling parameter λ, while anisotropic pairing can resolve this problem.
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8

Al-Ghafri, Abdullah. "Aflaj’s Irrigation Water Demand/Supply Ratio: Two Case Studies." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 11 (January 1, 2006): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol11iss0pp85-92.

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Due to the geographical location of Oman in an arid zone, agricultural production depends fully on irrigation. The traditional irrigation systems (Aflaj, sing. falaj) supply more than one third of water for agriculture. Falaj is defined in the context of this paper as a canal system which provides water for domestic and agricultural uses. Oman has 3,107 active Aflaj producing about 680 Mm3 of water per year. The main objective of this study was to estimate the irrigation performance of Aflaj in Oman. Falaj al-Dariz and al-Nujaid were chosen as case studies. Both Aflaj are located in an extremely arid environment, where the rainfall is low and evapotranspiration is high. The study utilized an approach to estimate the irrigation performance of Aflaj by considering the falaj as a single unit of irrigation. The irrigation demand/supply ratio (D/S) was used in the analysis as a tool of evaluation. Date palm, the dominant crop irrigated by Aflaj, was selected for the analysis. In falaj al-Dariz the date palms were slightly under irrigated on a yearly basis. On a monthly basis, in winter, the D/S was below 0.6 and in summer it was above 1.0. On the other hand, falaj al-Nujaid was supplying too much water than the date palms needed all round the year. In winter the D/S ratio was as low as 0.25. Even in summer, the D/S ratio did not much exceed 1.0.
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Knutson, L. D., and N. L. Rodning. "On the determination of the deuteron asymptotic D/S ratio from sub-Coulomb (d,p) reactions." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Physics 13, no. 6 (June 1987): L109—L115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4616/13/6/004.

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Nozar, Mina. "The D-wave to S-wave amplitude ratio for b1− (1235) → ωπ−." Nuclear Physics A 663-664 (January 2000): 637c—642c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(99)00695-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "S/D RATIO"

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Dickopp, Martin. "Measurement of the partial widths ratio Gamma(D * s + D + s pi 0)/Gamma(D * s + D + s gamma) at the BABAR experiment." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11312542.

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Iyutin, Boris. "Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions [Beta](B⁰s --> D⁻s D⁺s) / [Beta] ](B⁰ --> D⁻ D⁺s) with the CDF." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45415.

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In title on title-page, "[Beta]" appears as the upper-case Greek letter; and, every instance of the single letter "s" appears as subscript below the superscript numbers and symbols.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-154).
by Boris Iyutin.
Ph.D.
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Rieger, Jason. "First measurement of the neutral B(S) meson semileptonic branching ratio to an orbitally excited D meson state (neutral B(S) meson decaying to D meson(2536)-muon(+)-neutrino-X meson)." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3331275.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Physics, 2007.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 27, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: B, page: 6877. Adviser: Rick Van Kooten.
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Sipica, Valentin [Verfasser]. "Prospects for measuring the branching ratio of the rare B 0 s my + my - decay with the ATLAS experiment / Valentin Sipica." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1023156768/34.

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Albayrak, Alp [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Polifke, Wolfgang [Gutachter] Polifke, and Aimee S. [Gutachter] Morgans. "Time Scales of Equivalence Ratio and Inertial Waves in Unsteady Combustion Dynamics / Alp Albayrak ; Gutachter: Wolfgang Polifke, Aimee S. Morgans ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Polifke." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1184476918/34.

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Tardif, Antoine. "Pr??diction des taux de d??composition des liti??res v??g??tales par les traits fonctionnels agr??g??s." Thèse, Universit?? de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/84.

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Sommaire : Comprendre le fonctionnement des e??cosyste??mes est un enjeu crucial, en particulier dans un contexte de changements globaux. Afin de mieux pre??dire les processus e??cosyste??miques, j???ai teste?? la pre??cision et les limites des hypothe??ses du biomass-ratio de Grime (HBMR) et de l???annulation idiosyncratique (HAI), cette dernie??re e??tant une hypothe??se originale de cette the??se. Pour cela, j???ai applique?? le principe du biomass-ratio aux traits fonctionnels, en employant la me??thode des traits agre??ge??s en communaute??, pour estimer la re??ponse globale des espe??ces en me??lange. La de??composition des litie??res plurispe??cifiques constitue un bon mode??le biologique, pour lequel je me suis pose?? les questions suivantes : (1) est-ce que l???HBMR pre??dit bien les taux de de??composition en me??langes plurispe??cifiques ? ; (2) est-ce que le degre?? de variabilite?? de ces taux diminue pour des raisons biologiques avec l???augmentation de la richesse spe??cifique (RS) des me??langes (HAI) ? ; (3) est-ce que la variabilite?? des taux entre me??langes diminue quand les conditions abiotiques du site deviennent plus limitantes ? ; (4) conside??rant que les me??langes plus contraste??s fonctionnellement sont susceptibles de de??velopper plus d???interactions, est-ce que la de??viation a?? la pre??diction augmente avec la dispersion fonctionnelle des me??langes (?? FDis ??, Laliberte?? & Legendre 2010) ? Cette the??se inclut deux expe??riences de de??composition en sachets a?? litie??res : (1) a?? Sherbrooke (QC, Canada) avec des microcosmes, impliquant des litie??res de six espe??ces d???arbres, de??composant seules et en me??langes et (2) sur trois sites au climat contraste?? dans la re??gion de Clermont-Ferrand (France) avec des litie??res de quatre espe??ces d???herbace??es, de??composant seules et en me??langes. Les re??sultats montrent des de??viations positives et ne??gatives par rapport aux taux pre??dits, mais l???HBMR de??crit bien la re??ponse moyenne des litie??res plurispe??cifiques. Bien que l???HAI ait e??te?? rejete??e, les re??sultats montrent une convergence des taux observe??s vers les taux pre??dits quand (1) la RS des me??langes augmente, (2) l???e??chelle spatiale augmente et (3) le climat est plus limitant pour la de??composition. Enfin, malgre?? des corre??lations entre FDis et interactions entre espe??ces dans les litie??res, cette relation n???est pas ge??ne??ralisable et l???hypothe??se de corre??lation positive entre FDis et de??viation a?? l???HBMR a e??te?? rejete??e. // Abstract : Understanding ecosystem functioning is a key goal in ecology, especially in the context of global changes. To better predict ecosystem processes, I tested the accuracy and the limits of Grime???s biomass-ratio (BMRH) hypothesis and a novel idiosyncratic annulment (IAH) hypothesis. I applied the biomass-ratio to functional traits, using the community-weighted means (CWM) to estimate the global response of species in mixtures. I studied the decomposition of litter species mixtures as a biological model and asked the following questions : (1) does the BMRH predict well the decomposition rates of mixed species litters? ; (2) does the degree of variability of these rates decrease with increasing species richness (SR) beyond that expected from purely mathematical causes (IAH)? ; (3) does the variability of rates between mixtures decrease with less favourable abiotic conditions for decomposition? ; (4) as more functionally contrasted mixtures are expected to develop more interactions, does the deviation from prediction increase with increasing functional dispersion in mixtures (?? FDis ??, Lalibert?? & Legendre 2010)? This study involves two decomposition experiments using litterbags: (1) at Sherbrooke (QC, Canada), in microcosms, involving litters from six tree species, decomposed alone and in mixtures and (2) in three climatically contrasted sites in the region of Clermont-Ferrand (France) with litters from four herbaceous species, decomposed alone and in mixtures. Despite both positive and negative deviations from expectation occurring at all levels of SR, the BMRH well described the average response of mixed species litters. Although I rejected the IAH, the results showed a convergence to the predicted values based on CWM with (1) increasing the SR in mixtures, (2) increasing the spatial scale of the study and (3) a less favourable climate to decomposition. Finally, although there was a correlation between litter interactions and functional divergence, this relationship was not generalizable and I rejected the hypothesis of a positive correlation between FDis and the deviations from BMRH.
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Halačka, Jiří. "Hodnocení výkonnosti podniku LENA-hračky, s.r.o. s využitím Balanced Scorecard." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377944.

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This thesis focuses assessments of the financial situation of LENA-hračky, s.r.o. company for years 2011 – 2015 through the use of selected methods of financial analysis and following use of Balanced Scorecard. Thesis objective is to suggest possible solutions for the improvement of the financial situation of this company in the coming years using Balanced Scorecard.
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Jewell, Mark. "Diversit?? des arbres, interactions a??riennes et souterraines et d??composition des feuilles mortes." Mémoire, Universit?? de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/75.

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R??sum?? : La d??composition des liti??res v??g??tales a ??t?? d??crite comme ??tant la deuxi??me plus importante fonction ??cosyst??mique sur terre, apr??s la productivit?? primaire. Alors que la photosynth??se fournit les apports ??nerg??tiques ?? la plupart des cha??nes alimentaires, la d??composition recycle les nutriments, permet leur utilisation future par d???autres organismes et relargue dans l???atmosph??re le carbone fix?? photosynth??tiquement. Dans un contexte de changement climatique, un grand int??r??t est port?? sur la d??composition des liti??res, car il s???agit, ?? l?????chelle globale, de la plus grande source d?????mission de CO[indice inf??rieur 2] dans l???atmosph??re. Les taux de d??composition des liti??res sont principalement d??termin??s par trois facteurs: les variables climatiques, la structure des communaut??s de d??composeurs et les propri??t??s chimiques et physiques de la liti??re. La structure de la communaut?? v??g??tale h??te dans laquelle se produit la d??composition et d???o?? provient la liti??re peut influencer l???ensemble de ces trois facteurs. Des changements dans la structure de la communaut?? v??g??tale pourraient donc affecter les futurs taux de d??composition et modifier significativement les dynamiques globales du carbone. Malgr?? cela, la communaut?? h??te est rarement prise en compte dans les ??tudes sur la d??composition des liti??res. Des exp??riences enl??vent souvent la liti??re de son environnment naturel de d??composition, mesurant la d??composition des liti??res ?? partir de monolithes ou de microcosmes en laboratoire, afin de contr??ler les variations ind??sirables des propri??t??s du sol. Dans ce m??moire, j?????tudie les effets de plusieurs propri??t??s fonctionnelles de la communaut?? v??g??tale h??te sur les taux de d??composition des liti??res et leur contribution ?? la respiration du sol. En utilisant une plantation exp??rimentale d???arbres qui permet de manipuler la structure de leur communaut??, je teste l???effet de l???identit?? fonctionnelle des arbres, des esp??ces et de la diversit?? fonctionnelle, ainsi que des interactions entre d??composeurs et arbres sur ces processus ??cosyst??miques. La d??composition des liti??res et la respiration du sol sont li??es aux propri??t??s fonctionnelles des plantes. La d??composition des liti??res est bien pr??dite par les valeurs moyennes de traits fonctionnels des liti??res, mais plus faiblement corr??l??e ?? la diversit?? sp??cifique. D???apr??s mes r??sultats, le nombre d???esp??ces en m??lange de liti??res ne constitue pas un facteur important pour la d??composition, ?? cause des interactions globalement idiosyncratiques entre types de liti??res. Cependant, l???augmentation conjointe de la diversit?? fonctionnelle des m??langes d???esp??ces en liti??res et de la communaut?? d???arbres-h??tes acc??l??re les taux de d??composition et la respiration du sol. Les premi??res phases de d??composition de liti??res en surface ne sont que faiblement affect??es par la diversit?? des plantes, alors que pour la respiration du sol, qui prend en compte les derni??res phases de d??composition de liti??re et de mati??re organique du sol, la diversit?? est la propri??t?? fonctionnelle de plantes qui fournit le meilleur pouvoir de pr??diction. De plus, j???ai trouv?? que les apports sp??cifiques de liti??res ?? long terme pouvaient cr??er des conditions qui favorisent la d??composition des liti??res native et pouvaient modifier l???effet de la diversit?? des arbres sur la d??composition. J???attribue cet effet aux r??troactions entre la liti??re et les organismes d??composeurs du sol. Ce travail de recherche fournit une nouvelle perspective sur les effets des changements de structure de communaut?? foresti??re sur les processus de d??composition. La compr??hension de ces effets est n??cessaire pour pr??dire les taux de d??composition de liti??res et les dynamiques globales du carbone. // Abstract : The decomposition of plant litter has been described as the second most important ecosystem function for sustaining life on earth, after primary productivity. Whereas photosynthesis provides the energy input for most food chains, decomposition recycles nutrients for future use by other organisms and returns photosynthetically fixed carbon back to the atmosphere. In the context of climate change, litter decomposition is of specific interest because it represents one of the largest sources of CO[subscript 2] to the atmosphere globally. Rates of litter decomposition are largely determined by three factors: climatic variables, the structure of the decomposer community, and the chemical and physical properties of the litter. The structure of the host plant community under which decomposition takes place and from which the litter is derived can influence all three of these factors. Therefore, any systematic changes in plant community structure could affect future decomposition rates and significantly alter global carbon dynamics. Despite this, the host plant community is rarely considered in litter decomposition studies. Experiments often remove litter from its natural decomposition environment, instead measuring decomposition of litter in common garden settings and laboratory microcosms to control for unwanted variation in soil properties. In this thesis I investigate the effect of several functional properties of the host plant community on rates of litter decomposition and its contribution to soil respiration. Using an experimental tree plantation that manipulates tree community structure, I test the effect of tree functional identity, species and functional diversity, and tree-decomposer interactions on these ecosystem processes. Both litter decomposition and soil respiration were related to plant functional properties. Litter decomposition was best predicted by average-values of litter functional traits and was poorly related to species diversity. The number of species in a litter mixture does not seem to be important for decomposition, as interactions between litter types were idiosyncratic. However increasing the functional diversity both of mixed-species litter and of the host tree community accelerated rates of litter decomposition and soil respiration. Early stages of surface litter decomposition were only marginally affected by plant diversity. In contrast, diversity was the best predictor of soil respiration, which includes latter stages of litter and soil organic matter decomposition. Furthermore, I found that specific repeated litter input to the soil can result in conditions that favour the decomposition of the long-term litter type and can mediate the effect of tree diversity on decomposition. I attribute this effect to feedbacks between the litter and soil decomposer organisms. This research provides insight into the effect of changing forest community structure on decomposition processes. Such an understanding is necessary to predict future rates of litter decomposition and global carbon dynamics.
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Düdder, Andreas Christian [Verfasser]. "First Measurement of the Branching Ratio Fraction BR(W to tau nu to mu nu nu)/BR(W to mu nu) in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV Proton-Proton Collisions with the ATLAS Detector and Realization of a Production Facility for Large Scale Micromegas Drift Boards / Andreas Christian Düdder." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202729908/34.

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TOMODA, Y., O. KURAUCHI, M. KASUGAI, S. MIZUTANI, and Y. ASADA. "Relationship Between the Changes in Placental Blood Flow Resistance Assessed by Doppler Technique and Maternal Serum Placental Aminopeptidases, which Degrade Vaso-Active Peptides, in Pre-Eclampsia." Thesis, Georg Thieme, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16689.

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Books on the topic "S/D RATIO"

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Indonesia, Direktorat Jenderal Radio Televisi dan Film. Langkah tehnis strategis Direktorat Jenderal Radio-Televisi-Film untuk menyukseskan Pemilu 1987: Pemaparan Direktur Jenderal Radio-Televisi-Film pada Rapat Kerja Departemen Penerangan RI, tanggal 27 s/d 28 Februari 1987. [Jakarta]: Direktorat Jenderal Radio-Televisi-Film, 1988.

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Salant, Richard S., and Richard S. Salant. Salant, CBS, and the battle for the soul of broadcast journalism: The memoirs of Richard S. Salant. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1999.

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Organisation for economic co-operation and development. Litt?Ratie Et Soci?t? Du Savoir: Nouveaux R?Sultats De L'Enqu?TE Internationale Sur Les Capacit?s De Lecture Et D'?Criture DES Adultes. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation & Dev, 1997.

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Salant, Richard S., and Susan Buzenberg. Salant, Cbs, and the Battle for the Soul of Broadcast Journalism: The Memoirs of Richard S. Salant. Westview Pr (Trd), 1998.

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Buzenberg, Susan, Richard Salant, and Bill Buzenberg. Salant, CBS, and the Battle for the Soul of Broadcast Journalism: The Memoirs of Richard S. Salant. Taylor & Francis Group, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "S/D RATIO"

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Attila Papp, Z., and Eszter Neumann. "Education of Roma and Educational Resilience in Hungary." In Social and Economic Vulnerability of Roma People, 79–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52588-0_6.

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AbstractOriginally, the concept of resilience refers to one’s capacity to cope with unexpected shocks and unpredictable situations. Originating from ecological theories, the approach has gained ground in social sciences. In the context of education, the concept has been applied to explain how disadvantaged students can overcome structural constraints and become educationally successful and socially mobile (Werner, E. E., Vulnerable but invincible: a longitudinal study of resilient children and youth. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1982; Masten A. S., American Psychologist 56: 227–238, 2001; Reid, R., Botterrill L. C., Australian Journal of Public Administration 72:31–40, 2013; Máté, D., Erdélyi Társadalom 13:43–55, 2015).This paper is based on the analysis of the Hungarian National Assessment of Basic Competences (NABC) database which has been conducted annually since 2001. We created a typology of school resilience based on the schools’ social and ethnic profile as well as their performance indicators. We defined those schools resilient which over perform others with similar social intake, and we also identified irresilient schools which underperform others with similar social intake. The school types were created by correlating the socio-economic status index (SES) and school performance.Since the NABC database provides us with data on the estimated rate of Roma students in each school, it is possible to take into account the schools’ ethnic intake in the analysis of resilience. We conducted statistical analyses to compare the performance of resilient and irresilient schools in the light of the ratio of Roma students. Finally, we seek answers to the question whether ethnic segregation correlates with school achievement in Hungary. We could identify some crucial institutional factors contributing to resilience (or school success) in the case of schools with relatively high proportion of Roma students.
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Condon, E. U., and G. H. Shortley. "Singlet-Triplet Interval Ratios for sp, sd, sf, p 5 s and d 9 s Configurations." In Selected Scientific Papers of E.U. Condon, 107–14. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9083-1_15.

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Srivastava, Nilesh Anand, Anjali Priya, and Ram Awadh Mishra. "Analog and Radio-Frequency Performance of Hetero-Gate-Dielectric FD SOI MOSFET in Re-S/D Technology." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 537–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6840-4_44.

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Vo-Minh, Thien. "Stability Analysis of Circular Tunnels in Cohesive-Frictional Soil Using the Node-Based Smoothed Finite Element Method (NS-FEM)." In Theory and Practice of Tunnel Engineering. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97202.

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In this chapter, the stability of a circular tunnel and dual circular tunnels in cohesive-frictional soils subjected to surcharge loading is investigated by using the node-based smoothed finite element method (NS-FEM). In the NS-FEM, the smoothing strain is calculated over smoothing domains associated with the elements’ nodes. The soil is assumed as a uniform Mohr-Coulomb material, and it obeys an associated flow rule. By using the second-order cone programming (SOCP) for solving the optimization problems, the ultimate load and failure mechanisms of the circular tunnel are considered. This chapter discusses the influence of the soil weight γD/c, the tunnel diameter ratio to its depth H/D, the vertical and horizontal spacing ratio (L/D, S/D) of two tunnels and soil internal friction angle ϕ on the stability numbers σs/c are calculated. The stability numbers obtained from the present approach are compared with the available literature for tunnels.
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"Radio Station S-A-V-E-D." In Border Radio, 295–327. University of Texas Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/725386-012.

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Cutter, Asher D. "Molecular deviants." In A Primer of Molecular Population Genetics, 159–94. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838944.003.0008.

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Chapter 8, “Molecular deviants: sequence signatures of selection and demography,” dives into the logic and mechanics of some of the most common tests of neutrality to show how and why data can reveal differences from the predictions of the standard neutral model. It introduces approaches based on skewed patterns of polymorphism alone, including Tajima’s D test, and on differentiation or divergence alone, like the Lewontin-Krakauer, Population Branch Statistic (PBS), and K A / K S relative-rates tests. Chapter 8 also covers tests of neutrality that integrate information from both within and between species, including the HKA-test and McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test. The logic for other tests of neutrality also is introduced, including ABBA-BABA, Composite Likelihood Ratio (CLR), Extended Haplotype Homozygosity (EHH), and other approaches. Practical implications of ancestral polymorphism and slightly deleterious polymorphisms are discussed, for example, in calculating and interpreting the neutrality index and fraction of positively selected sites (α‎). The goal of this chapter is to explain the logic of methods applied to molecular population genetic data to read the story of evolutionary history from the genome.
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Manilla, Giovanna, and Silvia Pallini. "Villa Badessa (Italia) – Piqeras (Albania) : un’originale prospettiva di inte(g)razione linguistica e sociale?" In Plurilinguisme, politique et citoyenneté, 142–51. Observatoire européen du plurilinguisme, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/oep.herre.2020.01.0142.

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S’il est vrai que le plurilinguisme est une chance d’enrichissement non seulement culturel, mais également économique, il y a lieu de se demander dans quelle mesure les zones qui ont connu ou connaissent la disparition d’une langue d’ancienne implantation souffrent en termes de développement local. Le cas de Villa Badessa (dans les Abruzzes), l’îlot linguistique historique arbëresh le plus récent et septentrional d’Italie, montre bien les enjeux posés par un parcours d’intégration linguistique et sociale qui, à partir de la récupération de la mémoire de la migration d’autrefois et par la réappropriation de l’identité culturelle partiellement ensevelie, peut aboutir à la mise en œuvre de projets de développement local et de coopération entre deux régions, à savoir les Abruzzes et la région de Himarë (Albanie).
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Enos-Attali, Sophie. "Les pays « neutres » d’Europe face à la guerre en Ukraine." In Annuaire français de relations internationales, 61–78. Éditions Panthéon-Assas, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/epas.ferna.2023.01.0061.

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La guerre en Ukraine représente un défi pour les États européens de tradition neutre, qu’elle place face à des questionnements d’ordre aussi bien éthique que sécuritaire : peut-on rester neutre face à l’agression militaire d’un pays démocratique et souverain et, ainsi, renoncer à venir en aide à ce dernier ? peut-on demeurer en dehors d’une alliance militaire alors même que la guerre en Ukraine met en lumière la vulnérabilité d’un État non allié et sa difficulté à résister seul à une attaque armée ? Face à la guerre dans leur environnement immédiat, la Finlande et la Suède ont décidé de se placer sous la protection de l’Alliance atlantique, abandonnant par là même leur posture de pays non alliés. Pour leur part, malgré la résurgence d’une menace sécuritaire sur le Vieux Continent, l’Autriche, l’Irlande, Malte et la Suisse, tout en étant assez investies dans la coopération sécuritaire européenne et, à l’exception de Malte, dans la coopération avec l’Organisation du Traité de l’Atlantique Nord (OTAN), ont choisi de s’arrimer à la neutralité, dans un contexte où leurs populations se montrent très majoritairement attachées à ce statut. Ces approches divergentes révèlent, d’un côté, la fragilité de la neutralité lorsque la sécurité paraît directement menacée et, de l’autre, sa capacité de résilience.
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Fomin, Vladislav V., Hanah Zoo, and Heejin Lee. "A Method for Content Analysis of (Pre-)Standardization Activities." In Corporate and Global Standardization Initiatives in Contemporary Society, 116–37. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5320-5.ch006.

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This chapter is aimed at developing a document content analysis method to be applied in studies of standardization and technology development. The proposed method integrates two theoretical frameworks: the co-evolutionary technology development framework and the “D-N-S” (design, negotiation, sense-making) framework for anticipatory standardization. At the backdrop of the complex and diversified landscape of science and R&D efforts in the technology domain, and the repeated criticism of the weak link between R&D initiatives and standardization, the authors argue that the method offered in this chapter helps better understand the internal dynamics of the technology development process at the early stage of standardization or pre-standardization, which, in turn, can help mobilize and direct the R&D initiatives. To demonstrate the practical usefulness of the proposed method, they conduct a content analysis of the research contributions presented in the COST Action IC0905 “Techno-Economic Regulatory Framework for Radio Spectrum Access for Cognitive Radio/ Software Defined Radio” (COST-TERRA).
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Guemkam Ouafo, Diane Armelle. "Multilinguisme camerounais, traitement computationnel et développement." In Multilinguisme, multiculturalisme et représentations identitaires, 303–12. Observatoire européen du plurilinguisme, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/oep.goron.2021.01.0303.

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L’espace linguistique Camerounais est riche et diversifié.On y dénombre plus de 290 dialectes; avec la coopération internationale, s’ajoutent des langues dites étrangères à savoir : l’allemand, le chinois, l’espagnole, l’arabe, l’anglais et le français. La plupart de ces dialectes sont restés inexplorés, c’est à dire peu connus. Ces langues appellées dialectes ne béneficient pas encore du traitement computationnel, ce qui entrave leur apprentissage, leur developpement et leurs richesses culturelles tant il est vrai que la langue est le véhicule de la culture et de la vision du monde d’un peuple. La non exploration de ces véhicules de culture ne constituent elle pas un obstacle au développement de notre pays? Nous répondrons à cette question après avoir fait l’état des lieux.
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Conference papers on the topic "S/D RATIO"

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Emad El-Deen, A. Sultan, Mustafa M. Mustafa, Elbadry S. Zahran, Theodore E. Simos, George Psihoyios, and Ch Tsitouras. "Using Tensor Momentum Dependent Deuteron Potential to Extract the Asymptotic D∕S Ratio." In ICNAAM 2010: International Conference of Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics 2010. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3498065.

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Jones, M. R., and D. A. Gabriel. "INFLUENCE OF THE SUBENDOTHELLAL BASEMENT MEMBRANE (BM) COMPONENTS ON FLBRLN ASSEMBLY: EVLDENCE FOR A FLBRLNOGEN BLNDLNG SLTE ON TYPE IV COLLAGEN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642936.

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Effective repair of vascular injury requires assembly of a secure fibrin patch at the injury site. A secure fibrin patch must be anchored to the injury site, else it becomes an embolus. Using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA), we have evaluated the binding of fibrinogen (F) to single as well as combinations of the subendothelial BM components including laminin (L), type IV collagen (C), and dermatan sulfate (D). Tests were performed using plates coated over night at either 4°C or 37°C for one hour with individual BM or combinations or BM components. Results indicate that F strongly binds to both D and type IV collagen. Binding of F to L was approximately 50% compared to C or D. Combinations of C, L and D were studied with mole ratios of L and D normalized to C. Thus, when the mole ratio of L was increased from 0.1 to 10 relative to C, the amount of F bound to the plate coated with C and L decreased by 30%. When both D and L were added to C and the binding of F to the coated plate evaluated, increasing the mole ratio of D from 1 to 10 relative to C and L (C:D:L=1:1:0-10), increased the binding of F two fold. If the mole ratio of L was increased by a factor of 10 compare to C, and D varied form 0 to a 10 mole excess compared to C, (C:L:D=1:10:0-10) the increase in F binding was only increased by 1/3. Therefore, L decreases the binding of F by C, while D strongly increases the binding of F. These data suggest that an important interaction between the endothelial basement membrane and fibrin exists and the mole ratio between CLD is critical in determining the extent of the interaction. The interaction between F and C,L,D may underlie the mechanism by which a fibrin clot is anchored and stabilized to the injury site.
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Shevade, Shantanu S., Muhammad M. Rahman, and Rasim O. Guldiken. "Turbulent Multi-Jet Air Impingement for Applications in Commercial Cooking." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88635.

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Convective heat transfer coefficient and its interdependency with various key parameters is analyzed for turbulent multi-jet impingement. Air is used as the working fluid impinging on the flat surface via a three-nozzle arrangement. A thorough investigation of velocity and temperature distribution is performed by varying Nozzle Velocity, Height over Diameter ratio (H/D) and Spacing over Diameter ratio (S/D). Convective heat transfer coefficient, average impingement surface temperature, and heat transfer rate are calculated over the impingement surface. It was found that higher S/D ratios result in higher local heat transfer coefficient values near stagnation point. However, increased spacing between the neighboring jets results in less coverage of the impingement surface reducing the average heat transfer. Lower H/D ratios result in higher heat transfer coefficient peaks. The peaks for all three nozzles are more uniform for H/D ratios between 6 and 8. For a fixed nozzle velocity, heat transfer coefficient values are directly proportional to nozzle diameter. For a fixed H/D and S/D ratio, heat transfer rate and average impingement surface temperature increase as the nozzle velocity increases until it reaches a limiting value. Further increase in nozzle velocity causes drop in heat transfer rate due to ingress of large amounts of cold ambient air in the cooking space.
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Han, J. C., Y. M. Zhang, and C. P. Lee. "Influence of Surface Heat Flux Ratio on Heat Transfer Augmentation in Square Channels With Parallel, Crossed and V-Shaped Angled Ribs." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-003.

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The effect of wall heat flux ratio on the local heat transfer augmentation in a square channel with two opposite in-line ribbed walls was investigated for Reynolds numbers from 15,000 to 80,000. The square channel composed of ten isolated copper sections has a length-to-hydraulic diameter ratio (L/D) of 20. The rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio (e/D) is 0.0625 and the rib pitch-to-height ratio (P/e) equals 10. Six ribbed side to smooth side wall heat flux ratios (Case 1 - q″r1/q″s = q″r2/q″s = 1; Case 2 - q″r1/q″s = q″r2/q″s = 3; Case 3 - q″r1/q″s = q″r2/q″s = 6; Case 4 - q″r1/q″s = 6 and q″r2/q″s = 4; Case 5 - q″r1/q″s = q″r2/q″s = ∞ and Case 6 - q″r1/q″s = ∞ and q″r2/q″s = 0) were studied for four rib orientations (90° rib, 60° parallel rib, 60° crossed rib, and 60° ∨-shaped rib). The results show that the ribbed side wall heat transfer augmentation increases with increasing ribbed side to smooth side wall heat flux ratios, but the reverse is true for the smooth side wall heat transfer augmentation. The average heat transfer augmentation of the ribbed side and smooth side wall decreases slightly with increasing wall heat flux ratios. Two ribbed side wall heating (Case 5 - q″r1/q″s = q″r2/q″s = ∞) provides a higher ribbed-side-wall heat transfer augmentation than the four-wall uniform heating (Case 1 - q″r1/q″s = q″r2/q″s = 1). The effect of wall heat flux ratio reduces with increasing Reynolds numbers. The results also indicate that the 60° ∨-shaped rib and 60° parallel rib perform better than the 60° crossed rib and 90° rib, regardless of wall heat flux ratio and Reynolds number.
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Ayer, Z., B. Kozlowska, R. K. Das, H. J. Karwowski, and E. J. Ludwig. "Determination of the asymptotic D- to S-state ratio for the triton and 3He via (d[downward right arrow],t) and (d[downward right arrow],3He) reactions." In The 8th International symposium on polarization phenomena in nuclear physics. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.48669.

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Winick, Kim A. "Cramer-Rao lower bounds on the performance of CCD optical position estimators." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.fi2.

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The problem of optically estimating an object’s position using a charge coupled device (CCD) array composed of square pixels Δx on a side is analyzed. The object’s image spot at the CCD is assumed to have a Gaussian intensity profile with a 1/e point at a radial distance of 2 σ s from the peak, and the CCD noise is modeled as Poisson distributed dark current shot noise. A 2-D Cramer-Rao bound is developed and used to determine a lower limit for the mean-square error of any unbiased position estimator, and the maximum likelihood estimator is also derived. For the 1-D position estimation problem the lower bound is shown to be minimum for a pixel-to-image size ratio Δx/σ s of between 1 and 2 over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios. Similarly for the 2-D problem, the optimum ratio is shown to lie between 1.5 and 2.5. As is customary in direct detection systems, it is also observed that the lower bound is a function of both the signal power and noise power separately and not just their ratio. Finally at high signal-to-noise ratios, the maximum likelihood estimator is shown to be independent of the signal and noise powers.
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Yao, Jiaxu, Jiang Lei, Junmei Wu, Yu Fang, and Lesley M. Wright. "Effects of Streamwise Distance and Density Ratio on Film-Cooling Effectiveness for Double-Jet Film-Cooling on a Flat Plate." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75456.

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Several double-jet film-cooling (DJFC) hole geometries on a flat plate are investigated in this paper. Pressure sensitive paint (PSP) is used to measure the film-cooling effectiveness on the flat plate. The streamwise distance between the DJFC holes varies as s/d = 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0, while three different spanwise distance conditions are considered (p/d = 0, 0.5, and 1.0). The diameter (d) of the DJFC holes is 7 mm, and the pitch (P) between each set of the DJFC holes is 8d. The holes have an inclination angle (θ) of 35°, and a compound angle (β) of ± 45°. The density ratio (DR) varies as 1.0, 1.5, and 2.5, and the blowing ratio (M) is 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0. Both effects of the streamwise distance between DJFC holes, and the density ratio on film-cooling effectiveness are focused. Results show, though the effect of the streamwise distance is not monotonic all the time, a general trend exists when comparing with the baseline case of s/d = 3.0. For p/d = 0, increasing the streamwise distance leads to wider lateral coverage and higher laterally averaged effectiveness; however, for p/d = 0.5 and 1.0, an increased s/d may weaken the interaction between the two jets, thus the film coverage and effectiveness decrease. A higher density ratio reduces the jet momentum, therefore better attachment and higher effectiveness are obtained. Effects of the streamwise distance and the density ratio on double-jet film-cooling are more distinct when the blowing ratio rises. However, in most cases, both of them show minor influence on the range of lateral coverage, as it is mainly dominated by the spanwise distance. For each operation condition (DR and M), an optimal DJFC configuration (among the geometries in this study) is identified by comparing the area averaged effectiveness.
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Scherer, V., S. Wittig, K. Morad, and N. Mikhael. "Jets in a Crossflow: Effects of Hole Spacing to Diameter Ratio on the Spatial Distribution of Heat Transfer." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-356.

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Detailed measurements of local heat transfer coefficients are presented for air injection through a row of holes into a crossflow. Pitch-to-diameter ratios of 2,4, and 6 are realized and the momentum flux ratio is varied in the range from 0.25 to 4.0. The injection angle of the jets is fixed at 90°. The experimental technique developed uses an Infrared Camera to measure the temperature distribution on the constant heat flux test surface. This measurement technique allows detailed spatial resolution of the heat transfer and gives information about the three-dimensional mixing process of the jets with the mainstream. The experimental results indicate a large influence of the hole spacing to diameter ratio, (s/d), on the heat transfer coefficient. With s/d = 2.0, the spanwise heat transfer coefficients in the vicinity of the injection holes are noticed to be highly uniform. For momentum flux ratios, J, greater than 1, two regions of high heat transfer coefficient exist. The first region occurs in the vicinity of the injection holes. The second region observed some distance downstream is due to the reattachment of the jets to the surface.
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Mazumder, Quamrul H., and Siwen Zhao. "Magnitude and Location of Maximum Erosion in S-Bend With Water-Sand Mixture." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-1053.

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Solid particle erosion is a process that removes material from the inner surface of flow handling devices by repeated impact of entrained particles in the flow. Erosion is a leading cause of unpredicted and premature failure within different industrial equipment such as pumps, pipes, valves and fittings. Understanding the magnitude and location of erosion in the geometry is essential to the prevention of failure. S-bend geometry is used to redirect flows in automotive, chemical processing, oil, and food handling industries. An investigation was conducted using both CFD and experimentation methods to identify the location of maximum erosion. Three different s-bend geometries with 12.7 mm inside diameter and r/D ratios of 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 were used in the current study. Investigations were performed at three different water velocities each with six different particle sizes ranging from 50 to 300 microns. Due to multiple constraints associated with the test loop, one s-bend geometry was used in the experiment with 12.7 mm inside diameter and an r/D ratio of 1.5. CFD analysis and experimental results showed reasonably good agreement.
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Chyu, Minking K., Sean C. Siw, and Hee Koo Moon. "Effects of Height-to-Diameter Ratio of Pin Element on Heat Transfer From Staggered Pin-Fin Arrays." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59814.

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A pin-fin array is a compact heat exchanger and widely used for cooling of turbine airfoils. This study is to experimentally examine the effects of pin height or height-to-diameter ratio (H/D) on the heat transfer from a pin-fin array. The test models are designed to facilitate three different H/D ratios, from 2 to 4, with a staggered pin-fin array of inter-pin spacing 2.5 times the pin diameter (S/D = X/D = 2.5) in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The Reynolds number ranges from 10,000 to 30,000. The experiment uses a hybrid technique based on the transient liquid-crystal imaging to obtain detailed local heat transfer coefficients over both the pin-fin surface and endwalls. Overall array-averaged heat transfer increases with the H/D value or pin height. Most of the heat transfer contribution for H/D>2 comes from the pins rather than the endwall. However, higher H/D leads to a greater pressure loss. As a measure of heat transfer enhancement per pressure loss, H/D = 2 leads to the highest performance index and H/D = 4 is the lowest.
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Reports on the topic "S/D RATIO"

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Aubert, B. Measurement of the Branching Ratio {Gamma}(D*{sup +}{sub s} --> D{sup +}{sub s}{pi}{sup 0})/{Gamma}(D*{sup +}{sub s} --> D{sup +}{sub s}{gamma}). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/829788.

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Iyutin, Boris. Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions β(B$0\atop{s}$ → D$-\atop{s}$ D$+\atop{s}$) /b (B0 → D- D$+\atop{s}$) with the CDF detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/902544.

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Bernhard, R., D. Glenzinski, M. Herndon, T. Kamon, V. Krutelyov, G. Landsberg, F. Lehner, C. J. Lin, and S. Mrenna. A Combination of CDF and D0 limits on the branching ratio of B0(s)(d) ---> mu+ mu- decays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/878965.

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Furic, Ivan Kresimir. Measurement of the Ratio of Branching Fractions Br(B$0\atop{s}$ → D$-\atop{s}$ π+)/Br(B0 → D- π+) at CDF-II. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948159.

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Rieger, Jason. First measurement of the B$0\atop{2}$ semileptonic branching ratio to an orbitally excited d$**\atop{s}$ state, Br(B$0\atop{2}$ → D$-\atop{s1}$(2536)μ+vX). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/922735.

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Chen, Pictiaw, Boaz Zion, and Michael J. McCarthy. Utilization of NMR Technology for Internal Nondestructive Quality Evaluation of Fruits and Vegetables. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568778.bard.

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Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the potential use of NMR for evaluating various internal quality factors of fruits and vegetables, leading to the eventual development of practical techniques that are useful for future development of NMR sensors. Summary: Investigation on NMR imaging, one-dimension NMR projection, and single-pulse free-induction-decay (FID) spectrum led to the development of high-speed NMR techniques for real-time sensing of internal quality of selected fruits. NMR imaging can be used for detecting internal defects and various quality factors such as bruises, dry regions, worm damage, stage of ripeness, tissue breakdown, and the presence of voids, seeds, sprouts, and pits. The one-dimension (1-D) image profile technique, in which the 1-D projection of the NMR signal of a selected slice of the intact fruit is recorded, is suitable for detecting tissue breakdown regions, presence of pits, and other defects in fruits. The oil and sugar content of fruits can be determined from the single-pulse FID spectrum measurement, in which a surface coil is used to acquire the FID spectrum and the ratio of the resonance peaks is used as the quality index. The latter two techniques are suitable for high-speed sorting of fruits. The most important accomplishment is the successful development of high-speed NMR techniques for determining internal quality of fruits while they are moving at speed up to 30 cm/s. This accomplishment is an important step toward the development of NMR techniques for on-line sorting of fruits and vegetables.
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Bolshov, Arkadiy. Measurement of the Ratios of Branching Fractions B(B$0\atop{s}$→D$-\atop{s}$π+π+π-)/ B(B0→D-π+) and B(B$0\atop{s}$ → D$-\atop{s}$π+)/ B(B0 → D-π+). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1352020.

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Guy, Charles, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Gloria Moore, Doron Holland, and Yuval Eshdat. Common Mechanisms of Response to the Stresses of High Salinity and Low Temperature and Genetic Mapping of Stress Tolerance Loci in Citrus. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613013.bard.

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The objectives that were outlined in our original proposal have largely been achieved or will be so by the end of the project in February 1995 with one exception; that of mapping cold tolerance loci based on the segregation of tolerance in the BC1 progeny population. Briefly, our goals were to 1) construct a densely populated linkage map of the citrus genome: 2) map loci important in cold and/or salt stress tolerance; and 3) characterize the expression of genes responsive to cold land salt stress. As can be seen by the preceding listing of accomplishments, our original objectives A and B have been realized, objective C has been partially tested, objective D has been completed, and work on objectives E and F will be completed by the end of 1995. Although we have yet to map any loci that contribute to an ability of citrus to maintain growth when irrigated with saline water, our very encouraging results from the 1993 experiment provides us with considerable hope that 1994's much more comprehensive and better controlled experiment will yield the desired results once the data has been fully analyzed. Part of our optimism derives from the findings that loci for growth are closely linked with loci associated with foliar Cl- and Na+ accumulation patterns under non-salinization conditions. In the 1994 experiment, if ion exclusion or sequestration traits are segregating in the population, the experimental design will permit their resolution. Our fortunes with respect to cold tolerance is another situation. In three attempts to quantitatively characterize cold tolerance as an LT50, the results have been too variable and the incremental differences between sensitive and tolerant too small to use for mapping. To adequately determine the LT50 requires many plants, many more than we have been able to generate in the time and space available by making cuttings from small greenhouse-grown stock plants. As it has turned out, with citrus, to prepare enough plants needed to be successful in this objective would have required extensive facilities for both growing and testing hardiness which simply were not available at University of Florida. The large populations necessary to overcome the variability we encountered was unanticipated and unforeseeable at the project's outset. In spite of the setbacks, this project, when it is finally complete will be exceedingly successful. Listing of Accomplishments During the funded interval we have accomplished the following objectives: Developed a reasonably high density linkage map for citrus - mapped the loci for two cold responsive genes that were cloned from Poncirus - mapped the loci for csa, the salt responsive gene for glutathione peroxidase, and ccr a circadian rhythm gene from citrus - identified loci that confer parental derived specific DNA methylation patterns in the Citrus X Poncirus cross - mapped 5 loci that determine shoot vigor - mapped 2 loci that influence leaf Na+ accumulation patterns under non-saline conditions in the BC1 population - mapped 3 loci that influence leaf Na+ accumulation paterns during salt sress - mapped 2 loci that control leaf Cl- accumulation patterns under non-saline conditions - mapped a locus that controls leaf Cl- accumulation patterns during salt stress Screened the BC1 population for growth reduction during salinization (controls and salinized), and cold tolerance - determined population variation for shoot/root ratio of Na+ and Cl- - determined levels for 12 inorganic nutrient elements in an effort to examine the influence of salinization on ion content with emphasis on foliar responses - collected data on ion distribution to reveal patterns of exclusion/sequestration/ accumulation - analyzed relationships between ion content and growth Characterization of gene expression in response to salt or cold stress - cloned the gene for the salt responsive protein csa, identified it as glutathione peroxidase, determined the potential target substrate from enzymatic studies - cloned two other genes responsive to salt stress, one for the citrus homologue of a Lea5, and the other for an "oleosin" like gene - cold regulated (cor) genes belonging to five hybridization classes were isolated from Poncirus, two belonged to the group 2 Lea superfamily of stress proteins, the others show no significant homology to other known sequences - the expression of csa during cold acclimation was examined, and the expression of some of the cor genes were examined in response to salt stress - the influence of salinization on cold tolerance has been examined with seedling populations - conducted protein blot studies for expression of cold stress proteins during salt stress and vice versa
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9

Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova, and Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.

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The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.
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