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1
Lokajíček, Miloš. "Modernizace veřejné pozemní dopravy s využitím technologií 21. století." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203861.
Abstract:
The thesis deals with the benefits of modern technologies to public land transport, an area which has not been notably impacted by modern technologies to this day. The work anal-yses both the way modern technologies can help transport companies, and also which tech-nologies in particular can bring something new to the conservative sector. The specific ob-jectives of the thesis are the analysis of D2D systems key components, benefits of Yield Management to the transport industry and implementation of carriers into the Bileto plat-form.
2
Zmudová, Žaneta. "Noc v českém výtvarném umění 19. - 21. s toletí." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Filmová a televizní fakulta. Knihovna, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-155967.
Abstract:
In my thesis I focused on the topic of the night in the Czech fine arts from the 19th to the 21st century. The aim of my work is not conduct a survey of the issues as a whole, it does not make efforts to be a historical outline, but the goal is to present a different conception of the night in the works of some selected artists. This text is concentrating on the works of artists who design the night in the landscape and urban sceneries. In every night scene we can see the light, either natural or artificial, which is the bearer of artist´s imaginings.
The work goes from the introduction of the light and darkness symbolism throughout the era of the human history and physical essence of the light to the presentations of individual artists who reflect the night with natural kinds of light or the artificial ones.
3
Oberhansberg, Monika. "Die Ministeranrufung nach 21 Abs. 4 S. 3 DSchG NW /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/380102978.pdf.
4
Dřímal, Jiří. "Parametry procesu spalování při využití vzduchu s obsahem kyslíku vyšším než 21 %." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231276.
Abstract:
The thesis is focused on the experimental investigation of the oxygen enhanced combustion technology (OEC), which uses the combustion air with higher concentration of oxygen, i.e. more than 21 %. The OEC technology is used in those industrial applications, which requires higher thermal efficiency, increased productivity, improved character of the flame, reduced equipment cost, lower volume of exhaust gases and improved product quality. Although this technology involves a number of advantages, it is appropriate to mention some of its disadvantages such as refractory damage, inconsistent heating, increased pollutant emission or flame disturbance and/or flashback. The combustion tests of OEC were carried out at the burners testing facility that enables to test many types of burners (gaseous, liquid, or combined). The two-staged low-NOx burner fired by natural gas was used during the tests. The observed parameters include the effect of oxygen concentration in the combustion air on the NOx emissions, heat flux into the wall of the combustion chamber, in-flame temperature distribution in the horizontal symmetry plane of the combustion chamber and also the shape and dimensions of the flame. The combustion tests of the air-enrichment, air-oxy/fuel and O 2 lancing OEC methods were carried out at the burner thermal input of 750 kW and air excess of 1,1 for two combustion regimes, namely one-staged and two-staged fuel supply.
5
Naď, Martin. "Modelování procesu spalování při využití vzduchu s obsahem kyslíku vyšším než 21 %." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231411.
Abstract:
The main purpose of the master´s thesis is the experimental study and the mathematical modelling of the combustion process in which the combustion air is enriched with the high-purity oxygen, i.e. the oxygen content is more than 21 %. This combustion technology is called as the oxygen-enhanced combustion (OEC). Since the experimental work required the manipulation with the pure oxygen, a part of the thesis is focused on risks and necessary safety associated therewith. The detailed description of the combustion chamber as well as of the components necessary for the operation of OEC is included. The main part of the thesis is the computational model of the combustion chamber and the simulation of OEC using CFD methods. The numerical results were then compared with the experimental data acquired during the combustion tests, namely the heat flux distribution along the combustion chamber and the distribution of in-flame temperatures in the horizontal symmetry plane of the chamber.
6
Hudák, Igor. "Charakteristické parametry procesu spalování při využití vzduchu s obsahem kyslíku vyšším než 21 %." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230473.
Abstract:
Diplomová práce se zabývá spalováním zemního plynu při využití vzduchu s vyšším obsahem kyslíku (21–46 % kyslíku ve spalovacím vzduchu), tzv. kyslíkem obohaceným spalováním (OEC). Technologie OEC nalezla uplatnění v průmyslu, kde se jsou nároky na zvýšenou produktivitu, dosažení vyšší tepelné účinnosti, zlepšení vlastností plamene, snížení náklady, či zlepšení kvality výsledného produktu. Ačkoliv OEC přináší řadu výhod, je nutné zmínit i nevýhody jako: poškození zařízení, nestejnoměrné zahřívání, narušení plamene, zvýšené emise anebo zpětný zášleh plamene. Zkoušky proběhly na zkušebně hořáků, která umožňuje testovat hořáky nejen na plynná a kapalná paliva, ale i hořáky navržené pro kombinované spalování při maximálním výkonu hořáku 1 800 kW. Při zkouškách byl použit plynový „low-NOx“ hořák se stupňovitým přívodem paliva. V diplomové práci je popsán vliv obsahu kyslíku ve spalovacím vzduchu na emise oxidů dusíku (NOx), teplotu plamene, přenos tepla ze spalin do stěn spalovací komory, a také vlastnosti plamene, zvláště pak jeho stabilitu, tvar a rozměry. Zkoušky proběhly při výkonech 300 kW, 500 kW a 750 kW, přičemž pro výkon 750 kW proběhly testy jak při jednostupňové, tak dvoustupňové konfiguraci.
7
Virlogeux, Pascal. "Géologie de la marge Nord-Mozambique et de la chaîne Davie campagne MD40-Macamo (9 °S à 21 °S) /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610659w.
8
Schwalenberg, Katrin. "Die Leitfähigkeitsstruktur der Zentralen Anden bei 21° S zweidimensionale Modellstudien und Untersuchungen zur Auflösbarkeit /." Potsdam : Geoforschungszentrum, 2000. http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/bib/pub/str0024/0024.pdf.
9
Janatka, Květoslav. "Srovnání strategie EU a USA v boji s mezinárodním terorismem na počátku 21. století." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15740.
Abstract:
The thesis deals with transnational islamist terrorism and with the policy of the European Union (EU) and the United States (U.S.) in countering the threat. It is assumed that it is the EU's policy that is more relevant given the recent evolution of the threat. The assumption is subsequently tested throughout the paper. In the opening part, the focus is on the international, or transnational, islamist terrorism, in particular its root causes, ideological background and organizational forms. Second chapter is devoted to the EU's counterterrorism policy, first from the institutional point of view, as that has obvious implications for the formulation and implementation of policy. Then, the prevailing perceptions of terrorism, basic tenets of strategy and some concrete measures are analyzed. The chapter dealing with the U.S. policy is structured analogously, even if the institutional aspects are omitted due to the obvious absence of EU-specific problems. Chapter four provides a comparison of both actors' policies, followed up by the fifth, final, chapter, with some concluding remarks. Most importantly, the initial assumption is assessed as valid, i.e., the European Union counterterrorism policy is found to be more relevant than that of the United States.
10
Barrera, Salazar Jaime Esteban. "Estudio de patrones geoquímicos regionales en sedimentos de drenaje entre los 19°S y 21°S -I región de Tarapacá, Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116277.
Abstract:
GeólogoLa zona de estudio se enmarca entre los 19ºS y 21ºS; desde la línea de la costa chilena hasta los 69ºW, I región de Tarapacá y parte de XV región de Arica y Parinacota, Chile. Cubre un área aproximada de 27.500 km2. El objetivo principal es evaluar y definir la existencia de patrones geoquímicos en sedimentos de drenajes a escala regional, desarrollando interpretaciones que expliquen cuáles son los controles determinantes de cada patrón, considerando la diversidad y coexistencia de factores geológicos, climáticos y antrópicos. Las muestras de sedimentos de drenajes utilizadas fueron extraídas en terreno, preparadas en laboratorio y enviadas a análisis geoquímico por los profesionales de la unidad de geoquímica de SERNAGEOMIN durante los años 2010-2012. A los sedimentos de drenaje se les realizó un análisis de composición geoquímica de la fracción fina <180 µm por medio de ICP-MS e ICP-ES, obteniendo las concentraciones para un set de 59 elementos, incluyendo óxidos mayores y elementos trazas. En total, las 1311 muestras utilizadas, conforman una malla de baja densidad con una representación aproximada de 20 Km2 por muestra. La base de datos obtenida no será publicada en este trabajo debido a la calidad inédita de parte importante de los datos (véase Lacassie et al., 2012b). Tras obtener los análisis químicos, en este trabajo, se realizaron cálculos estadísticos básicos y mapas univariables para cada elemento. Adicionalmente se realizó un proceso de clustering y visualización multivariable por medio de la implementación de redes neuronales artificiales, obteniéndose 6 clusters con distintivas características químicas, que posteriormente fueron objeto de interpretaciones. Los resultados muestran una evidente segmentación geoquímica entre las principales unidades geomorfológicas, encontrando una fuerte diferencia entre la Cordillera de la Costa (CC) y el resto de las unidades. Las principales anomalías de la CC corresponden a Ca, S, P, y Se. Los controles determinantes en la geoquímica de la CC corresponden a factores geológicos y climáticos entre los que destacan: el periódico aporte de iones desde el océano pacífico hacia el continente por medio de la camanchaca, la abundancia relativa de los iones transportados, la capacidad de absorción iónica superficial de arcillas, óxidos e hidróxidos; la afinidad química entre elementos y condición climática de hiperaridez prolongada. Los controles determinantes en los patrones presentes en la Depresión intermedia (DI) y Precordillera (PR) corresponden a procesos relacionados con la meteorización y transporte de detritos desde la Cordillera Occidental (CO); y la constante deflación eólica a la que es sometida la DI. Esto conlleva a la generación de patrones antagónicos, que representarían, por un lado, fases mineralógicas abundantes en rocas con mayor diferenciación para aquel patrón dominante en quebradas, y por otro lado, fases densas para aquel patrón que domina en pampas. Se obtiene un patrón asociado a las cotas altas de la CO que refleja la mineralogía de la roca fresca de edificios y secuencias volcánicas; y otro patrón asociado principalmente a sectores con alteración hidrotermal y/o actividad de la industria mineral, distribuido en las distintas unidades geomorfológicas. Adicionalmente se reconocieron 2 quebradas con evidente anomalías, que se sugiere como consecuencia de la intervención humana y la industria minera; esta alteración se expresa fuertemente en la anomalía de Cobre (Cu) río abajo de la faena de HMC ubicada en la Qda. Sagasca y la histórica alteración en la concentración de molibdeno (Mo) que posee la Qda. Guatacondo. Se requiere estudio de detalle para confirmar estas sugerencias. Finalmente, fueron comparadas las concentraciones de metales pesados con estándares internacionales a fin de distinguir posibles zonas con concentraciones riesgosas para organismos vivos; en general los sectores donde ciertos elementos como el arsénico (As), cromo (Cr) y cobre (Cu) tienen valores nocivos para la biota, no se encuentran poblados y tampoco se desarrollan grandes ecosistemas de organismos superiores. Se reconocen factores naturales, como la concentración anómala de As en Qda. Camarones, y factores antrópicos como alteraciones puntuales por la industria minera.
11
Ege, Harald. "Exhumations- und Hebungsgeschichte der zentralen Anden in Südbolivien (21° S) durch Spaltspur-Thermochronologie an Apatit." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2004/64/index.html.
12
Heit, Benjamin S. "Teleseismic tomographic images of the Central Andes at 21°S and 25.5°S an inside look at the Altiplano and Puna plateaus /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2005/319/index.html.
13
Mogotsi, Barulaganye Jones. "Implementation of local agenda 21's education, awareness and training component : a case study of Gaborone /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/508/.
14
Manion, Lynne Nelson. "Local 21's Quest for a Moral Economy: Peabody, Massachusetts and its Leather Workers, 1933-1973." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ManionLN2003.pdf.
15
Stein, Philipp. "Straftat und/oder Ordnungswidrigkeit? : [Paragraph]21 I S. 1 OWiG und das gleichzeitige Zusammentreffen zweier Sanktionsnormtypen /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016794064&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
16
Goni, Patrick. "Ein geologisches Modell für den südlichen Altiplano bei 21° S (Bolivien), erstellt mit Fernerkundungs- und GIS-Methoden." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2003/162/index.html.
17
Schwalenberg, Katrin [Verfasser]. "Die Leitfähigkeitsstruktur der Zentralen Anden bei 21° S : zweidimensionale Modellstudien und Untersuchungen zur Auflösbarkeit / Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam. Katrin Schwalenberg." Potsdam : Geoforschungszentrum, 2000. http://d-nb.info/968678653/34.
18
Libman, Rafael. "Impact of the Miami 21's parking requirements on the real estate developments in the city of Miami." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92602.
Abstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2014.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 45).
In the last years, Fort Lauderdale, West Beach, and Miami together became the 8th largest metropolitan area in the U.S. with a population of approximately 6 million people. During the last four years the population of such area increased almost 5%. Along with the population, the number of jobs and firms, the supply of new homes, the car commuters, and traffic congestion increased exponentially throughout the area, especially in Miami. The former Miami zoning code, Z.O. 11000, incentivized the large availability and construction of parking spaces in new real estate developments throughout the city, encouraging people to own and use cars even more. The excess of parking spaces due to the former parking requirements, in practice, generated two distinct, immediate effects: (i) an increase in the number of cars throughout the streets; and (ii) higher construction costs for real estate developers. In 2010, the City of Miami adopted the Miami 21 form-based zoning code, changing the zoning and parking requirements. These changes incentivized the construction of transit-oriented developments throughout the city. The parking ratios for all the uses were reduced and some exceptions to the parking requirements were implemented, especially for new residential developments in urbanized transects. The reduction in parking ratios diminished significantly the construction costs of parking garages for real estate developers, increasing their returns on investments. The outcome is that real estate developers became even more interested in developing in the core of Miami. In addition to these economic incentives, the new residents of Miami are willing to live, work, and play in the same area without having to commute long distances. These conditions are transforming the skyline of Miami. There are now approximately 50 new residential developments being built in transit-oriented areas throughout the city, which represents an increase of more than 400% within the last 15 years. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze (i) the current parking requirements; (ii) the impact of parking ratios in the construction costs; and (iii) the changes that occurred in the location of new constructions in Miami after the adoption of the Miami 21.
by Rafael Libman.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
19
Cassol, Ivone Maria. "M?dia, partido do s?culo 21? : uma vis?o hermen?utica do jornalismo e da pol?tica." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4478.
Abstract:
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Previous issue date: 2007-01-09Os meios de comunica??o de massa no Brasil estariam atuando como partidos pol?ticos. Essa suposi??o tem sido repetida na sociedade brasileira nos ?ltimos anos. Antes que essa esp?cie de consci?ncia coletiva seja elevada ? categoria de verdade, esta pesquisa pretende investigar o que acontece na m?dia e no mundo pol?tico atual para fazer prosperar a id?ia. Ent?o, a m?dia seria o grande partido brasileiro do s?culo 21? Buscar respostas ? pergunta ? objetivo do estudo desenvolvido a partir de uma vis?o hermen?utica, com fundamenta??o te?rica baseada nos conceitos de John B. Thompson, Govanni Sartori, Mauro Wolf, Nelson Traquina, Afonso de Albuquerque e M?rcia Ribeiro Dias. S?o objetos da an?lise os notici?rios do Jornal Nacional, da Rede Globo, da Folha de S?o Paulo e da revista Veja.
20
Mota, Erika Maria Targino. "Distribuição e abundância do ictioplâncton na plataforma continental (42-37 W, 48-21 S) no Nordeste do Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/11216.
Abstract:
MOTA, E. M. T. Distribuição e abundância do ictioplâncton na plataforma continental (42-37 W, 48-21 S) no Nordeste do Brasil. 2013. 69 f. Dissertação (mestrado em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais) - Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2013.Submitted by Nadsa Cid (nadsa@ufc.br) on 2015-04-06T18:08:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_emtmota.pdf: 1367435 bytes, checksum: a6e1ffb84759dd2f96fa5ad19f667aa0 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Nadsa Cid(nadsa@ufc.br) on 2015-04-06T18:09:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_emtmota.pdf: 1367435 bytes, checksum: a6e1ffb84759dd2f96fa5ad19f667aa0 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-06T18:09:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_emtmota.pdf: 1367435 bytes, checksum: a6e1ffb84759dd2f96fa5ad19f667aa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Information about distribution and abundance of ichthyplankton during the larval period is essential for fisheries biology, because the phenomena occurring in this phase are crucial for the recruitment, affecting the stock available for capture. Although research about fish eggs and larvae are common in many regions of the world, but studies for the coast of Ceará are scarce. In 2010, 54 samples were collected, divided into two campaigns. (Campaign 1 (July) and Campaign 2 (October)). The trawls were horizontal subsurface a plankton net of 300 mm in mesh. The collected material was analized and identified, and found 3,829 eggs and fish larvae 3665. In Campaign 2 showed a greater abundance of larvae, in contrast eggs showed the highest abundances in the campaign 1. Engraulidae and Gobiidae were more prominent in the campaigns. The families Gobiidae, Engraulidae and Gerreidae were classified as frequent. The species found on the continental shelf of the states of Ceará and Piauí are important fishery resources for the local population.
Informações sobre a distribuição e abundância do ictioplâncton durante o período larval é essencial para a biologia pesqueira, pois os fenômenos ocorridos nessa fase são determinantes para o recrutamento, afetando o estoque disponível para a captura. Embora pesquisas sobre ovos e larvas de peixes sejam frequente em diversas regiões do mundo, os estudos para o litoral do Ceará são escassos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a distribuição e a abundância da comunidade de ovos e larvas de peixes na plataforma continental dos estados Ceará e Piauí (Brasil, Nordeste). No ano de 2010, 54 coletas foram realizadas, divididas em duas campanhas. (Campanha 1 – Julho e Campanha 2 – Outubro). Os arrastos foram horizontais subsuperficiais, através de rede de plâncton de 300 μm de malha (acoplados com fluxômetro), com a duração de aproximadamente 5 minutos. O material coletado foi triado e identificado, tendo sido encontrados 3.829 ovos e 3.665 larvas de peixes. Na campanha 2 obteve-se maior abundância de larvas, em contraste os ovos apresentaram as maiores abundâncias absolutas na campanha 1. As famílias Engraulidae e Gobiidae tiveram maior destaque nas campanhas. Em relação à frequência, Gobiidae, Engraulidae e Gerreidae foram classificados como frequentes. As espécies encontradas na plataforma continental dos estados do Ceará e Piauí são importantes recursos pesqueiros para a população ribeirinha. Algumas dessas famílias compõem o grupo das mais importantes encontradas nas zonas costeiras tropicais.
21
Porée, Anne-Laure. "Cultiver, trier, anéantir à S-21 : la mort comme travail sur les territoires du santebal (Cambodge 1975-1979)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0175.
Abstract:
Entre le 15 août 1975 et le 7 janvier 1979, près de 20 000 détenus ont été assassinés à S-21, un centre de détention, d’interrogatoire et d’extermination installé à Phnom Penh, à proximité des dirigeants du Parti communiste du Kampuchea, au sommet du tentaculaire appareil sécuritaire déployé dans le pays par les Khmers rouges. Tout en s’appuyant sur les archives judiciaires du procès de Duch, le chef de S-21 jugé trente ans après les crimes commis sous sa responsabilité, cette thèse propose plusieurs renversements de perspective : étudier S-21 par le bas de l’échelle (les simples agents), au ras du sol (en enquêtant sur le territoire et les paysages), sur son versant “ordinaire” qui conduit à s’écarter du focus sur l’acte de tuer pour chercher à comprendre comment on vit dans un monde où l’on tue. De quoi est fait le quotidien de ceux qui travaillent et habitent sur place ? La description et l’analyse s’appuient sur des archives (en particulier celles produites par S-21), sur des enquêtes de terrain, et sur des entretiens avec un souci de cartographier le site et de citer très précisément les sourcesBetween August 15, 1975, and January 7, 1979, nearly 20,000 detainees were murdered at S-21, a center for detention, interrogation, and extermination set up in Phnom Penh, close to the leaders of the Communist Party of Kampuchea. S-21 was at the top of the sprawling security apparatus deployed in the country by the Khmer Rouge. Drawing on the judicial archives of the trial of Duch, the head of S-21, judged thirty years after the crimes committed under his supervision, this thesis proposes several shifts of perspective by studying S-21 from the bottom of the ladder (the simple agents), at ground level (by investigating the territory and landscapes) and on its 'ordinary' side which leads to moving away from the focus on the act of killing to seek to understand how one lives in a world where killing takes place. What is the daily life of those who work and live there? The description and analysis are based on archives (particularly those produced by S-21), on field surveys, and on interviews, with a concern to map out the site and to cite sources very precisely
22
Heit, Benjamin S. [Verfasser]. "Teleseismic tomographic images of the Central Andes at 21°S and 25.5°S : an inside look at the Altiplano and Puna plateaus / Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Stiftung des Öffentlichen Rechts. Benjamin S. Heit." Potsdam : Geoforschungszentrum, 2006. http://d-nb.info/97980258X/34.
23
Ramírez, Mora Catalina Natalia. "Caracterización geoquímica e identificación de zonas de anomalías en la cordillera de la costa entre los 20°S y 21°S, I Región de Tarapacá Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111539.
Abstract:
GeólogaEn este trabajó se estudió la composición química de la fracción 180 µm de sedimentos de drenaje en la Cordillera de la Costa de la I Región de Tarapacá, entre los 20°S y 21°S. Este trabajo se enmarca en el contexto del Mapa Geoquímico Regional de la Hoja de Iquique, del Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, el cual involucra muestreo de baja densidad (1 muestra cada 20 km2) a escala 1:250.000. El objetivo principal de esta memoria es establecer una línea de base para estos sedimentos, mediante la identificación y caracterización geoquímica de la zona, el reconocimiento de los factores que determinan estas concentraciones y la delimitación de zonas anómalas a partir de la generación de información geoquímica. Para lo anterior se utilizaron métodos estadísticos como el diagrama de caja y bigotes de cercos interiores de Tukey (1977), para identificar valores anómalos; así como de diagramas combinados y elaboración de mapas de puntos para. Paralelamente se utilizó el algoritmo de Redes Neuronales Artificiales, para establecer relaciones geoquímicas entre los sedimentos. Del mismo modo se propone una nueva metodología llamada Índice de Anomalía, la cual favorece la identificación de áreas donde se concentran valores anómalos de un elemento o conjunto de elementos. Con un criterio metalogénico se identificaron tres zonas anómalas, donde los elementos predominantes son: Cu y Fe en la primera, U y Fe en la segunda y Au y Ag en la tercera zona. Teniendo en común que son todas de origen natural, la primera está controlada por la litología, la segunda por deflación y tercera es una mezcla de estos dos factores.
24
Cortés, Ramírez Eduardo Andrés. "Importancia de la formación cerro Empexa en el emplazamiento de depósitos tipo pórfido cuprífero entre los 20° 30'-21°S'." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144508.
Abstract:
GeólogoEl objetivo principal de este trabajo es definir si la discontinuidad basal de la Fm. Cerro Empexa o alguna posición estratigráfica dentro de ella, juega un rol en el control de la formación de pórfidos cupríferos, con el fin de determinar si puede ser utilizada como un nuevo elemento que aporte a las guías de exploraciones mineras para pórfidos de Cu de edad Cenozoico Inferior. Se elaboraron 2 mapas distritales a escala 1:25:000 para el estudio geológico de la Fm. Cerro Empexa, uno en la porción sur del Sinclinal de Higueritas y otro en el Co. Challacollo, que han sido complementados con el levantamiento de 4 columnas estratigráficas mediante el modelo de facies propuesto por Blanco et al., (2012) para el estudio de esta Formación. Las facies se reconocieron y caracterizaron mediante observaciones de terreno, descripción de secciones petrográficas, reconocimiento mineralógico mediante infrarojo cercano (SWIR) y análisis de litogeoquímica; de igual forma se caracterizaron las alteraciones observadas tanto en las facies volcánicas como sedimentarias. Se interpretaron 2 secciones geológicas (En distrito Challacollo y Sinclinal de Higueritas) que caracterizan la deformación de piel fina y gruesa, identificándose que el nivel estratigráfico en donde se emplazan los principales cuerpos intrusivos, corresponde a la discontinuidad basal y sus vecindades cuando esta es cercana espacialmente a estructuras de tipo escama gruesa; se interpreta que estas estructuras son las que ayudan el transporte de los magmas a niveles someros de emplazamiento en la corteza (2-3 km). Además se realizó un estudio de litogeoquímica a los cuerpos alojados en ella para determinar si poseían una composición distintiva asociada a los magmas productores de depósitos tipo pórfido cuprífero en la Cordillera de Domeyko. Se determinó que la discontinuidad basal que posee esta formación es una anisotropía subhorizontal de escala regional que funciona como trampa para los magmas de edad Paleoceno Eoceno Medio, además los resultados de litogeoquímica en los intrusivos alojados en ella evidencian que tienen composiciones distintivas asociados a pórfidos cupríferos hospedados en la franja de la misma edad. Se interpretó que la composición de las rocas en la Fm. Cerro Empexa favorecería el desarrollo de un sistema tipo pórfido debido a que poseen una reactividad favorable (rocas ricas en minerales ferro-magnesianos) para el desarrollo de alteración hidrotermal como mineralización de tipo PCD Finalmente se recomienda concentrar las áreas prospectivas de pórfidos de edad Paleoceno-Eoceno Medio en las vecindades de esta discontinuidad, siendo la cercanía a esta un elemento clave a evaluar en la elección de zonas explorativas.
Trabajo financiado por la compañía de exploraciones mineras Quantum Pacific Exploration QPX
18/01/2020
25
Simicic, Hernández Yerko Pablo. "Distribución del espesor de la cobertura sedimentaria oligo-neógena de la pampa del Tamarugal, norte de Chile (20°45' A 21°30'S)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134074.
Abstract:
GeólogoLa cuenca de la Depresión Central a lo largo del norte de Chile fue rellenada por sedimentos detríticos y depósitos volcánicos explosivos predominantemente durante el Oligoceno y Plioceno. Dicho relleno consiste principalmente en depósitos de conglomerados gruesos y tobas, al este, gradando a limos y evaporitas, al oeste. Esta cobertura se encuentra formada principalmente por las Formaciones Altos de Pica y El Diablo, las Ignimbritas Tambillo y Huasco, y los Depósitos de Piedemonte. Se han realizado trabajos que definen la configuración del relleno de la cuenca, sin embargo, una nueva metodología permite precisar dicha configuración. Mediante la interpretación de 8 perfiles sísmicos de reflexión y la información de 2 pozos petroleros, en este trabajo, se determinó la profundidad del contacto basamento-cobertura y la configuración de la cuenca, en la parte sur de la Pampa del Tamarugal (20°45 21°30 S/69°00 69°30 O). Además se definieron 4 horizontes sísmicos dentro de la Cobertura y se correlacionaron con las unidades geológicas del área. Se observaron dos discordancias angulares: una, entre el Basamento el Miembro 1 Fm. Altos de Pica, y otra, entre el Miembro 2 Fm. Altos de Pica y la Fm. El Diablo. En general, la posición de la interfaz basamento-cobertura, se inclina abruptamente al oeste en la porción oriental de la mayoría de los perfiles. Se midió una velocidad de onda p de 1.497 [m/s] en la Formación El Diablo, 3.007 [m/s] en el Miembros 1 de la Formación Altos de Pica, y de 6.007 y 6.494 [m/s] en el Basamento. Los valores de velocidad de onda, el tiempo de viaje, el gradiente vertical de la velocidad (k) y la posición inicial permiten la conversión de la variable vertical (temporal) en profundidad de los perfiles sísmicos. Aplicando dicha conversión, las capas superiores de la Cobertura disminuyen su espesor, mientras que las inferiores, lo aumentan. Asimismo, en profundidad las fallas aumentan su inclinación. El análisis de sensibilidad del parámetro k, indica un error promedio para la posición de la interfaz basamento-cobertura de 48 ± 17 m. Una vez realizada la conversión se interpoló el contacto Basamento-Cobertura, a partir de los espesores de cada perfil, de los pozos y de la ubicación en planta de dicho contacto. El relleno alcanza un espesor máximo de 1.310 m, al este del cerro Chipana. Existen 3 sub-cuencas: A, B y C, en las cuales se preservan ambos miembros de la Formación Altos de Pica, junto a las unidades superiores. Al oeste del cerro Raúl, el espesor presenta una menor variabilidad, entre 500 y 700 m. Existe una franja N-S a NO-SE de alto de basamento, desde el cerro Chipana, pasando por el cerro Challacollo, los cerros Raúl y Antena, hasta la Sierra Moreno. En la porción norte de esta franja, el alto de basamento separa las sub-cuencas A y B y se explicaría por la presencia de un sistema de fallas inversas, de edad neógena, con vergencia al oeste. En las secciones sísmicas, se interpretaron o se infirieron estructuras, generando una solución a las geometrías presentes. La configuración del relleno de la cuenca puede explicarse por sedimentación pasiva y en parte por la actividad pre y syn-sedimentaria de las fallas inversas reconocidas. La forma asimétrica de las sub cuencas A y B, estaría determinada principalmente por dichas estructuras, que habrían acentuado el paleorelieve de la cuenca de la Pampa del Tamarugal, al reactivarse entre el Oligoceno y el Mioceno.
26
Fiedler, Christine. "Mitteilungen über Beteiligungen von Mutter- und Tochterunternehmen : Probleme durch Doppel- und Mehrfachmitteilungen nach 21 Abs. 1, 22 Abs. 1 S.1 Nr. 1 WpHG sowie Lösungsmöglichkeiten /." Baden-Baden : Nomos-Verl.-Ges, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/474703673.pdf.
27
BESSERE, REMI FRANCOIS. "Un s. A. M. U. Rural face a la traumatologie agricole : a propos de 21 observations, accidents de tracteur exclus, du service d'aide medicale urgente du cantal." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF13036.
28
Kuntz, Delphine. "Ostéométrie et migration(s) du renne (Rangifer tarandus) dans le Sud-Ouest de la France au cours du dernier Pléniglaciaire et du Tardiglaciaire (21 500 - 13 000 cal. BP)." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725310.
Abstract:
Cette recherche doctorale entend caractériser les fluctuations morphologiques des rennes paléolithiques du Sud-Ouest de la France consécutives aux changements climatiques. En effet, le dernier Pléniglaciaire et le Tardiglaciaire (entre 21 500 - 13 000 cal. BP) ont constitué des périodes de contraintes paléoclimatiques et paléoenvironnementales particulièrement fortes, qui ont occasionné, directement ou indirectement, des répercussions sur la taille corporelle des populations de rennes. Les séries analysées dans le cadre de ce travail proviennent tant du registre actuel que fossile. Plusieurs échantillons de populations actuelles (Norvège, Finlande, Groenland) ont ainsi été analysés, afin de tester la méthodologie et d'envisager des comparaisons morphologiques avec les populations passées. Le corpus paléolithique comporte 29 assemblages naturels et anthropiques du Sud-Ouest de la France, datés majoritairement du dernier Pléniglaciaire et du Tardiglaciaire. La méthode du Variability Size Index appliquée récemment sur le renne paléolithique posant des problèmes, s'agissant notamment de la détermination du sex-ratio d'un assemblage, du caractère significatif ou non des différences morphologiques -isométriques et allométriques - observées, etc., nous avons eu recours à une nouvelle méthodologie combinant plusieurs outils statistiques appliqués à un nouvel indice de taille (VSI* : Variability Size Index modifié). Les analyses ostéométriques et statistiques effectuées tendent à identifier des fluctuations morphologiques temporelles attestant d'adaptations de l'espèce. D'un point de vue synchronique, les résultats permettent de rejeter l'hypothèse précédemment soutenue de différences entre les rennes tardiglaciaires des Landes d'une part et du secteur Dordogne/Gironde d'autre part. Les données saisonnières tendent toutefois à indiquer une absence de migrations de grande ampleur des rennes selon cet axe Nord/Sud. L'existence de populations distinctes est toutefois proposée entre les rennes des Landes et ceux du Bassin de l'Aude. Le Sud-Ouest de la France, à la fin du Paléolithique supérieur, aurait été occupé de manière pérenne par des troupeaux de rennes, dont le comportement migratoire reste cependant à déterminer plus précisément.
29
Muñoz, Salinas Michel Fernanda. "Estudio de la auto-organización de la sismicidad en la zona 17° a 21° s / 68° a 71° w, despues del terremoto de Arequipa en Perú de 2001, Mw=8,4." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/104456.
30
Gómez, González María Virginia Rosalía. "Agenda 21 Escolar en Guanajuato, dos experiencias, dos proyectos, un destino común." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120751.
Abstract:
There are few documented cases and active programs of environmental education (EA) that support schools and teachers in their teaching for the care of the environment in the State of Guanajuato, Mexico. Two cases will be made in this research. The first, from 2001 to 2003, where the State Ecology Institute (IEEG) developed the project ‘Green School, the Agenda 21 of the educational center’, so that it addressed the needs of the schools in the field of EA, and they were helped and guided in the process of creating their own School Agenda 21, giving them training and the advice necessary to develop tools on environmental school promoters. The second case from the nineties, is currently lead by the Foundation of Support for children, Guanajuato Child A. C., which has developed an alternative model of sustainable child central development, and where there is an EA program for primary schools called ‘Friends of Nature’. The two cases are finally compared to give an assessment of their benefitsA l’estat de Guanajuato, Mèxic, hi ha pocs casos documentats i actius en matèria de programes d’Educació Ambiental (EA) que suportin a les escoles i als mestres en la seva labor docent per a la cura del Medi Ambient. En aquesta recerca se’n coneixeran dos casos. El primer, de 2001 a 2003, a on l’Institut d’Ecologia del Estat (IEEG) va desenvolupar el Projecte ‘Escuela Verde, La Agenda 21 del Centro Educativo’ per atendre les necessitats de les escoles en matèria de EA, i on aquestes van ser assessorades i guiades al procés de crear la seva pròpia Agenda 21 Escolar, donant-los la capacitació i assessoria necessària per a la formació de multiplicadors (promotors) ambientals escolars. El segon cas, a partir dels anys noranta, és el que actualment hi condueix la Fundación de Apoyo Infantil Guanajuato, A. C., la qual n’ha desenvolupat un model alternatiu de desenvolupament sustentable centrat en la infantesa, i on existeix un programa de EA per a escoles primàries anomenat ‘Escuelas Amigas de la Naturaleza’. Finalment, es compararan els dos casos per donar una valoració de les seves bondats
31
Faduilhe, Denis. "Détermination des profils lidar de température et d'aérosols par rétrodiffusions élastique et Raman : application à l'étude climatologique de la zone sud subtropicale à partir des données de la Réunion, 21°S, 55°E." La Réunion, 2006. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/06_03-fadhuile.pdf.
Abstract:
La station lidar de la Réunion permet depuis 1994 de déterminer des profils de température atmosphérique par le biais d'un code d'inversion. Une analyse d'intercomparaison a montré le bon comportement de ce code. L'implémentation d'une voie supplémentaire d'acquisition lidar en 1999 a permis une meilleur estimation de la température atmosphérique. Cependant, une correction est nécessaire lors de contaminations par des milieux denses de particules. Les signaux lidar nécessitent donc une attention particulière d'autant qu'ils portent des signatures d'ondes de gravité dont l'énergie, calculée , varie suivant les mois de l'année. La climatologie en température de la moyenne atmosphère au dessus de la Réunion et sa comparaison avec différents modèles climatologiques ont mis en évidence des écarts attendus du fait du nombre pas assez élevé de mesures quotidiennes de bonnes résolutions dans l'hémisphère sud et notamment dans la zone subtropicaleSince 1994, Réunion lidar station has got technique to estimate atmospheric temperature profiles using an inversion code. An intercomparison analysis showed good performance of this code. In 1999, implementation of raman channel allowed us to estimate best values of higher tropospheric and the lower stratospheric temperature data. However, a correction is required to resolve good quality data during contamination of data due to dense media of particules. This observation is needed to take into account to identify small scales structure as gravity waves that energy changes according to the latitude and the season. The temperature climatology of the middle atmosphere over la Reunion and its comparison with different model climatologies highlighted some expected deviations due to the lack of reliability in daily measurements with a good resolution over the sub-tropical zone in the southern hemisphere
32
Decou, Audrey [Verfasser], Hilmar von [Akademischer Betreuer] Eynatten, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Wörner. "Provenance model of the Cenozoic siliciclastic sediments from the western Central Andes (16-21°S): implications for Eocene to Miocene evolution of the Andes / Audrey Decou. Gutachter: Hilmar von Eynatten ; Gerhard Wörner. Betreuer: Hilmar von Eynatten." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1042264899/34.
33
Loseva, Anastasiya. "Dialog s Ruskem v období post-globalizace." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71747.
Abstract:
The main goal of that work is th analyse Russia position at the World stage of 21. century. modern World there is no bi-polar, but multipolar. That means, that the fact of Access is mutual cooperation, coordination and co-existence. The analyse of historical past makes it possible to forecast the evolution of diplomacy at the nearest future. The huge potenciál of emerging economies (BRIC) leads to redistribution of capital and power from "North to South". Russian geopolitice stability mainly depends on diplomatic dialog between Russia and: Euro-Atlantic Aliance and European Union Asia Pacific region (mailny China, India) Muslim countries (those who are part of Russian Federation)
34
Hejtmánek, Ondřej. "Projekt datového centra - strukturovaná kabeláž." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219768.
Abstract:
This master’s thesis is concerned with analysis of cabling and cabling systems in data center and with their projection as follows. The part of the work is aimed at the measurement parameters of metal cables which are used in data center with noise. The first part is focused on analyzing the structure of the data center and cabling used in it. The structure of the data center is based on the TIA-942 and consists of an entrance room, main distribution area MDA, horizontal distribution area HDA , zone distribution area ZDA and the equipment distribution area EDA. Divided into backbone cabling and horizontal cabling and use standard and pre-terminated cabling. The measurement results of structured metal cabling with noise are discussed in the next part. There were used these types of cables UTP, FTP and S/FTP. The measurement was performed in the electricity substation and in the laboratory of electromagnetic compatibility. The third part of this work deals with the actual design of structured cabling for the data center. In the first design we use the standard installation, the second preterminated cabling. For both types of installation cost statement is processed (CAPEX). Thesis is also completed with DC design drawings and rack drawings.
35
Mosannenzadeh, Farnaz. "Smart Energy City Development in Europe: Towards Successful Implementation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368407.
Abstract:
Smart energy city (SEC) development is a component of the urban development initiative smart city, which has been a popular response to the global energy challenge in Europe during the past two decades. SEC development aims to increase the sustainability of urban energy systems and services. Since 2011, SEC development has been supported by the European Commission as part of the Strategic Energy Technology plan (SET-Plan) and through the European Union Programmes for Research and Technological Development (specifically FP7 and Horizon 2020). This, along with the promising vision of SEC development and considerable financial support by the private sector, has encouraged numerous European cities to initiate SEC projects. Successful implementation of these projects at the urban scale is crucial to achievement of urban energy objectives and sustainability of future urban development.
The here presented thesis aims to support urban decision-makers towards successful implementation of urban scale smart energy city development in Europe. The study includes three stages. The first stage is dedicated to conceptual analysis. Within this stage, I conceptualized smart city through a keyword analysis of existing literature on the concept. Then, within the context of the smart city concept, I defined SEC development through literature review and expert knowledge elicitation. The second stage is dedicated to empirical investigation. Using the definition of SEC development, I distinguished and investigated 43 previously implemented SEC projects to identify common barriers that hinder successful implementation of SEC development. In addition, I proposed a new multi-dimensional methodology that allows a simultaneous prioritization of barriers against their probability, the level of impact, scale, origin, and relationship with other barriers. The third stage of the thesis is dedicated to learning methodologies that allow efficient transfer of knowledge from the past SEC experiences to the new SEC developments. I introduced the application of two learning methodologies that support decision-makers to predict barriers to the implementation of a new SEC project: case-based learning and decision tree learning. The former predicts barriers based on internal similarities between the new SEC project and the past projects. The latter uses the past projects and creates a predictive model for each barrier based on internal and external project characteristics. These models are later used to predict barriers to a new SEC project. Both methodologies were tested in a new SEC project, named SINFONIA. The conceptual analysis revealed that application of information and communication technologies, the collaboration of multiple stakeholders, integration of multiple urban domains, and sustainability evaluation are the constant characteristics (i.e. principles) of smart city and SEC development. It resulted in, to the best of my knowledge, the first multi-dimensional and comprehensive definition of SEC development, revealing its principles, objectives, domains of intervention, stakeholders, time and spatial dimensions. Furthermore, a list of smart energy solutions in each SEC domain of intervention was provided. The empirical investigation of the past SEC projects resulted in the identification of 35 common barriers to the implementation of SEC development, categorized in policy, administrative, legal, financial, market, environmental, technical, social, and information and awareness dimensions. The barrier prioritization showed that barriers related to collaborative planning, external funding of the project, providing skilled personnel, and fragmented ownership should be the key action priorities for SEC project coordinators. Application of case-based learning methodology resulted in identifying five past SEC projects that were the most similar to the SINFONIA project in terms of project internal characteristics. Investigating the barriers to the similar projects revealed that fragmented ownership is the most probable barrier to implementation of SINFONIA project. Application of the decision trees methodology resulted in generation of 20 barrier models, four of which showed a very good performance in prediction of barriers: lack of values and interest in energy optimization measures, time-consuming requirements by European Commission concerning reporting and accountancy, economic crisis, and local unfavorable regulations for innovative technologies. None of these four barriers were predicted to occur in the SINFONIA project. The application of this method in the SINFONIA showed a higher predicting power when a barrier was absent.
The findings of the here presented thesis contribute to successful implementation of SEC development by supporting decision-makers in different phases of SEC projects. The results of the conceptual analysis contribute to a common understanding and foster the dialogue on the concept among various SEC stakeholders, particularly decision-makers and urban planners. The results of the empirical investigation lead to a better comprehension and evaluation of the barriers to the implementation of SEC projects in order to efficiently allocate resources to mitigate barriers. The proposed learning methodologies proved to be promising in helping decision-makers to identify similar projects to a new SEC development and to predict barriers to the implementation of new SEC projects.
The thesis concludes that SEC is an outstanding urban development that can make a valuable contribution to the sustainability of urban energy systems. The specific characteristics of SEC development pose new challenges to the future smart and sustainable urban planning. Nevertheless, SEC development brings about unprecedented opportunities for integration and application of advanced quantitative techniques with current urban planning methods. This allows efficient knowledge transfer in not only intra-urban but also inter-urban levels in order to provide a collaborative, integrated and constructive movement towards successful implementation of SEC projects and sustainability of future urban development.
36
Mosannenzadeh, Farnaz. "Smart Energy City Development in Europe: Towards Successful Implementation." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1758/1/PhD_Thesis-Mosannenzadeh-2016.pdf.
Abstract:
Smart energy city (SEC) development is a component of the urban development initiative smart city, which has been a popular response to the global energy challenge in Europe during the past two decades. SEC development aims to increase the sustainability of urban energy systems and services. Since 2011, SEC development has been supported by the European Commission as part of the Strategic Energy Technology plan (SET-Plan) and through the European Union Programmes for Research and Technological Development (specifically FP7 and Horizon 2020). This, along with the promising vision of SEC development and considerable financial support by the private sector, has encouraged numerous European cities to initiate SEC projects. Successful implementation of these projects at the urban scale is crucial to achievement of urban energy objectives and sustainability of future urban development.
The here presented thesis aims to support urban decision-makers towards successful implementation of urban scale smart energy city development in Europe. The study includes three stages. The first stage is dedicated to conceptual analysis. Within this stage, I conceptualized smart city through a keyword analysis of existing literature on the concept. Then, within the context of the smart city concept, I defined SEC development through literature review and expert knowledge elicitation. The second stage is dedicated to empirical investigation. Using the definition of SEC development, I distinguished and investigated 43 previously implemented SEC projects to identify common barriers that hinder successful implementation of SEC development. In addition, I proposed a new multi-dimensional methodology that allows a simultaneous prioritization of barriers against their probability, the level of impact, scale, origin, and relationship with other barriers. The third stage of the thesis is dedicated to learning methodologies that allow efficient transfer of knowledge from the past SEC experiences to the new SEC developments. I introduced the application of two learning methodologies that support decision-makers to predict barriers to the implementation of a new SEC project: case-based learning and decision tree learning. The former predicts barriers based on internal similarities between the new SEC project and the past projects. The latter uses the past projects and creates a predictive model for each barrier based on internal and external project characteristics. These models are later used to predict barriers to a new SEC project. Both methodologies were tested in a new SEC project, named SINFONIA. The conceptual analysis revealed that application of information and communication technologies, the collaboration of multiple stakeholders, integration of multiple urban domains, and sustainability evaluation are the constant characteristics (i.e. principles) of smart city and SEC development. It resulted in, to the best of my knowledge, the first multi-dimensional and comprehensive definition of SEC development, revealing its principles, objectives, domains of intervention, stakeholders, time and spatial dimensions. Furthermore, a list of smart energy solutions in each SEC domain of intervention was provided. The empirical investigation of the past SEC projects resulted in the identification of 35 common barriers to the implementation of SEC development, categorized in policy, administrative, legal, financial, market, environmental, technical, social, and information and awareness dimensions. The barrier prioritization showed that barriers related to collaborative planning, external funding of the project, providing skilled personnel, and fragmented ownership should be the key action priorities for SEC project coordinators. Application of case-based learning methodology resulted in identifying five past SEC projects that were the most similar to the SINFONIA project in terms of project internal characteristics. Investigating the barriers to the similar projects revealed that fragmented ownership is the most probable barrier to implementation of SINFONIA project. Application of the decision trees methodology resulted in generation of 20 barrier models, four of which showed a very good performance in prediction of barriers: lack of values and interest in energy optimization measures, time-consuming requirements by European Commission concerning reporting and accountancy, economic crisis, and local unfavorable regulations for innovative technologies. None of these four barriers were predicted to occur in the SINFONIA project. The application of this method in the SINFONIA showed a higher predicting power when a barrier was absent.
The findings of the here presented thesis contribute to successful implementation of SEC development by supporting decision-makers in different phases of SEC projects. The results of the conceptual analysis contribute to a common understanding and foster the dialogue on the concept among various SEC stakeholders, particularly decision-makers and urban planners. The results of the empirical investigation lead to a better comprehension and evaluation of the barriers to the implementation of SEC projects in order to efficiently allocate resources to mitigate barriers. The proposed learning methodologies proved to be promising in helping decision-makers to identify similar projects to a new SEC development and to predict barriers to the implementation of new SEC projects.
The thesis concludes that SEC is an outstanding urban development that can make a valuable contribution to the sustainability of urban energy systems. The specific characteristics of SEC development pose new challenges to the future smart and sustainable urban planning. Nevertheless, SEC development brings about unprecedented opportunities for integration and application of advanced quantitative techniques with current urban planning methods. This allows efficient knowledge transfer in not only intra-urban but also inter-urban levels in order to provide a collaborative, integrated and constructive movement towards successful implementation of SEC projects and sustainability of future urban development.
37
Bigo, Francesco <1986>. ""Moroznaja Rossija, a...teplo!.."Analisi tematica del romanzo Leto Gospodne di I. S. Smelev." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1530.
38
Biló, Tiago Carrilho. "The changing Brazil Current system between 23°S-31°S: vertical structure and mesoscale dynamics." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-31082015-155125/.
Abstract:
We use hydrographic and direct velocity observations from two quasi-synoptic cruises in conjunction with a primitive equation linear instability model, to investigate the Brazil Current (BC) downstream change effect between 23°S-30°S on the temporal mixed instabilities properties. The quasi-synoptic data revealed that the BC is ∼400-500 m deep to the north of the so-called Santos Bifurcation (26°S-28°S) and extends down to 1000 m to the south of it. We estimated that the BC receives at least 7 Sv from the Santos Bifurcation, which drastically alters the BC\'s velocity vertical structure and meanders characteristics as it flows poleward. Based on direct velocity measurements, we computed the mixed-instability properties at three different latitudes (24°S, 26°S and 30°S). The instability analysis revealed unstable current systems to mesoscale perturbations with maximum growth rates of 0.12, 0.19 and 0.06 day-1 at 24°S, 26°S and 30°S respectively. The corresponding downstream phase speeds are -0.19, -0.24 and -0.26 m s-1. The analysis of the mean-to-eddy energy conversion terms show that the barotropic instability drains 60-90% less energy from the background state than the baroclinic instability. Nevertheless, the maximum growth rates are at least the double in magnitude when both instabilities occur simultaneously. The topography presents a stabilizing effect for both kind of instabilities along all the BC path. At the vicinities of the Cape Santa Marta (28°S), we explored the the recurrent cyclonic meanders of the BC. Combining a wide range of observations, we provided a overview of such features and the relations between its velocity patterns, the water properties (temperature, salinity, nutrients), chlorophyll-a distribution and the BC variability. The top-bottom quasi-synoptic velocity measurements depicted cyclonic meanders over the continental slope with diameters larger than 100 km and vertically extending to approximately 1500 m depth. Moreover, the observed eddies seems to trap and recirculate a small portion (∼1.5 to 4 Sv) of the BC main flow (-13.16 to -17.89 Sv), which is consisted of Tropical Water (TW), South Atlantic Central Water (SACW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW). Additionally, we presented observational evidence that the meanders actively influence the transport of nutrient-rich shelf waters to the open ocean enhancing the primary productivity at the photic zone over the continental slope. Satellite imagery show that these cyclonic events occur 5-6 times per year and are generally associated with wave-like perturbations on the flow with mean wavelength of ∼219 km. Finally, Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) analysis computed from an array of mooring lines show that more than half of the along-isobath velocity variance on the continental slope is explained by the BC mesoscale activity.As propriedades de instabilidade temporal mista da Corrente do Brasil (CB), entre 23°S-30°S, foram investigadas combinando dados hidrográficos e medições diretas de velocide com modelagem numérica. As observações revelaram uma CB com ∼400-500 m de profundidade ao norte da Bifurcação de Santos (26°S-28°S). Em contrapartida, a CB ao sul da bifurcação se mostrou muito mais profunda (> 1000 m) devido ao aporte de aproximadamente 7 Sv de águas em profundidades intermediárias (∼500-1500 m) oriundas do ramo sul da Bifurcação de Santos. Baseado-se nas observações, experimentos numéricos foram conduzidos em três latitudes (24°S, 26°S and 30°S), com o intuito de se estudar as propriedades da instabilidade geofísica da CB. Tais experimentos mostraram que o sistema de correntes é instável para perturbações de mesoescala com taxas de crescimento máximas de 0,12, 0,19 and 0,06 dia-1 nas latitudes de 24°S, 26°S and 30°S, respectivamente. A análise das taxas de transferências de energia das correntes médias para as pertubações revelou que a instabilidade barotrópica é de 60 a 90% menor que a instabilidade baroclínica. No entanto observou-se que as propriedades das instabilidades da BC são altamente sensíveis à presença de instabilidade barotrópica. A topografia demonstrou possuir um efeito estabilizador ao longo de toda trajetória da CB. Ao largo do Cabo de Santa Marta (28°S) os meandros ciclônicos da CB tiveram suas características exploradas do ponto de vista observacional. Combinando uma grande variedade de observações, foi obtido uma visão geral de tais feições, assim como as relações entre seus padrões de velocidade, propriedades da água do mar (temperatura, salinidade, nutrientes), distribuição de clorofila A e a variabilidade da BC. As observações quasi-sinóticas de velocidade em toda a coluna mostraram que os meandros possuem diâmetro superiores à 100 km e extensão vertical de aproximadamente 1500 m. Desta forma, observou-se feições que recirculam uma pequena parte (∼1.5 à 4 Sv) do eixo principal da CB (-13.16 à -17.8 Sv) composta por Água Tropical, Água Central do Atlântico Sul, Água Intermediária Antártica e Água Circumpolar Superior. Além disso, evidências de que tais meandros influenciam ativamente no transporte de águas da Plataforma Continental, ricas em nutrientes, para regiões profundas do Talude Continental foram encontradas. A análise de imagens de satelitárias indicaram que essas feições são efetivamente recorrentes na região e ocorrrem entre 5 a 6 vezes por ano. Para concluir, registros correntográficos indicaram que aproximadamente metade da variância da componente da velocidade ao logo das isóbatas, sobre o talude continental, é devido à atividade de mesoescala da CB.
39
Castellana, Silvia <1984>. "Il culto di S. Nicola nella Slavia ortodossa e il contributo del Centro Studi Nicolaiani di Bari." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16181.
Abstract:
Il presente elaborato si propone di analizzare il culto di San Nicola, figura sacra fortemente venerata a livello internazionale, nel mondo slavo ortodosso e in Russia, proprio a partire dalla terra dove riposano le sue preziose reliquie: la città di Bari in Italia.
La vita e miracoli di San Nicola sono stati ampiamente esaminati a livello cronachistico e agiografico da vari studiosi internazionali, e la tesi intende far luce in primis sul grande contributo degli studi baresi sul Taumaturgo all’interno del panorama scientifico attuale, grazie alla prestigiosa istituzione barese del Centro Studi Nicolaiani, diretto dal grande studioso Padre Gerardo Cioffari. Il contesto culturale di riferimento sarà quello slavo ortodosso di Russia, Ucraina e Serbia.
In secondo luogo, tale ricerca si propone di studiare l’impatto della presenza delle spoglie del Santo sul territorio locale tramite la costruzione di una moderna chiesa russa di pertinenza del patriarcato di Mosca e la conseguente costituzione di un’attiva comunità russa e russofona a Bari e in Puglia. Inoltre, l’affluenza di pellegrini russi e slavi alla Basilica di San Nicola di Bari ha creato fermento culturale e ravvivato lo spirito festivo popolare e religioso, intensificando i rapporti internazionali tra l’Italia ed il mondo slavo ortodosso nel segno dell’ecumenismo, di cui il Vescovo di Myra è da sempre simbolo supremo.
Infine, tale progetto mira a divulgare sul piano teorico lo spessore degli studi nicolaiani condotti a Bari e il loro apporto al mondo accademico della Slavistica sia in Italia che all’estero, e allo stesso tempo a livello pratico, la vivacità della vita culturale creatasi in loco grazie alla stessa presenza del Santo.
40
GRAZIANO, PAOLA. "RISCHIO, VULNERABILITA' E RESILIENZA TERRITORIALE: IL CASO DELLE PROVINCE ITALIANE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1952.
Abstract:
L’obiettivo della tesi è ideare uno schema teorico del concetto multidimensionale di rischio territoriale, applicandolo successivamente ad un caso di studio sulle province italiane.
Nel primo capitolo si delinea uno schema teorico del concetto di rischio territoriale, utilizzando una lettura del fenomeno di stampo sistemico, secondo cui il rischio è correlato positivamente a fattori di vulnerabilità territoriale e negativamente a fattori di resilienza. Il territorio viene rappresentato nelle tre dimensioni della sostenibilità, quella economica, sociale e ambientale, seguendo un approccio olistico.
Nel secondo si applica lo schema teorico ad uno studio sulle province italiane. Si adotta una metodologia di sintesi a passaggi successivi, che prevede l’applicazione di tecniche multivariate. Si giunge ad un sistema di indicatori ed indici sintetici di vulnerabilità e resilienza economica, sociale e ambientale.
Nel terzo si giunge agli indici sintetici di vulnerabilità e resilienza territoriale, confrontando metodi di aggregazione differenti. Si individuano così i sistemi locali più a rischio, perchè più vulnerabili e meno dotati di fattori di risposta al cambiamento.
Si evidenziano elementi di originalità a livello di disegno teorico, per la trattazione del tema nelle dimensioni distinte Economia, Società e Ambiente, e a livello empirico, per l’utilizzo di metodologie di sintesi ibride.The aim of the work is to provide a theoretical framework regarding the multidimensional concept of vulnerability of local systems, then applying it to a case study on Italian provinces. The first chapter outlines a theoretical framework of this concept, using a reading of the phenomenon according to a systemic mold, whereby the risk is positively correlated with spatial vulnerability factors and negatively with resilience factors. Region is represented in the three dimensions of sustainability, that is the economic, social and environmental ones, following a holistic approach. The second one applies the theoretical framework for a study on the Italian provinces. We have adopted a method of synthesis by successive steps, which provides the application of multivariate techniques. We arrive at an indicators system and composite indices of economic, social and environmental vulnerability and resilience. In the third one we reach the composite indices of vulnerability and resilience of local systems, comparing different methods of aggregation among themselves. Systems are identified as most at risk, because more vulnerable and less gifted with factors of response to change. Elements of originality are highlighted in terms of theoretical project for the treatment of the theme in the distinct dimensions Economy, Society and Environment, as well as, at empirical level, the usage of hybrid synthesis methods.
41
GRAZIANO, PAOLA. "RISCHIO, VULNERABILITA' E RESILIENZA TERRITORIALE: IL CASO DELLE PROVINCE ITALIANE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1952.
Abstract:
L’obiettivo della tesi è ideare uno schema teorico del concetto multidimensionale di rischio territoriale, applicandolo successivamente ad un caso di studio sulle province italiane.
Nel primo capitolo si delinea uno schema teorico del concetto di rischio territoriale, utilizzando una lettura del fenomeno di stampo sistemico, secondo cui il rischio è correlato positivamente a fattori di vulnerabilità territoriale e negativamente a fattori di resilienza. Il territorio viene rappresentato nelle tre dimensioni della sostenibilità, quella economica, sociale e ambientale, seguendo un approccio olistico.
Nel secondo si applica lo schema teorico ad uno studio sulle province italiane. Si adotta una metodologia di sintesi a passaggi successivi, che prevede l’applicazione di tecniche multivariate. Si giunge ad un sistema di indicatori ed indici sintetici di vulnerabilità e resilienza economica, sociale e ambientale.
Nel terzo si giunge agli indici sintetici di vulnerabilità e resilienza territoriale, confrontando metodi di aggregazione differenti. Si individuano così i sistemi locali più a rischio, perchè più vulnerabili e meno dotati di fattori di risposta al cambiamento.
Si evidenziano elementi di originalità a livello di disegno teorico, per la trattazione del tema nelle dimensioni distinte Economia, Società e Ambiente, e a livello empirico, per l’utilizzo di metodologie di sintesi ibride.The aim of the work is to provide a theoretical framework regarding the multidimensional concept of vulnerability of local systems, then applying it to a case study on Italian provinces. The first chapter outlines a theoretical framework of this concept, using a reading of the phenomenon according to a systemic mold, whereby the risk is positively correlated with spatial vulnerability factors and negatively with resilience factors. Region is represented in the three dimensions of sustainability, that is the economic, social and environmental ones, following a holistic approach. The second one applies the theoretical framework for a study on the Italian provinces. We have adopted a method of synthesis by successive steps, which provides the application of multivariate techniques. We arrive at an indicators system and composite indices of economic, social and environmental vulnerability and resilience. In the third one we reach the composite indices of vulnerability and resilience of local systems, comparing different methods of aggregation among themselves. Systems are identified as most at risk, because more vulnerable and less gifted with factors of response to change. Elements of originality are highlighted in terms of theoretical project for the treatment of the theme in the distinct dimensions Economy, Society and Environment, as well as, at empirical level, the usage of hybrid synthesis methods.
42
CARPINETI, CLAUDIO. "Infrastrutture verdi Un modello matematico per l'ottimizzazione economica e sostenibile degli investimenti pubblici in ambito urbano." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1953.
Abstract:
In questo lavoro viene presentata una metodologia di analisi del sistema delle infrastrutture verdi/grigie degli ambienti urbani classificabili per la loro sostenibilità ambientale. Questa analisi, permette la costruzione di una matrice che può essere analizzata matematicamente.
Il problema di knapsack a scelta multipla è la base dell'approccio dove viene proposto un algoritmo risolutivo efficiente per ottenere la soluzione ottima lineare al problema, e tale metodo algoritmico viene incorporato in un algoritmo di programmazione dinamica per il problema intero.
Nel caso trattato la seconda funzione obiettivo è stata utilizzata per minimizzare la differenza complessiva tra gli stati di competenza di ciascuna infrastruttura. Un ulteriore set di vincoli è stato usato nelle due macroclassi contenenti rispettivamente le infrastrutture di tipo pubblico e di tipo privato. Il modello utilizzato in questo lavoro è stato sviluppato ad-hoc per rappresentare il problema decisionale considerato e tutte le sue caratteristiche peculiari. Il modello sviluppato presenta dunque elementi di originalità, al meglio della conoscenza dell'autore.
A migliorare l'accettabilità delle scelte progettuali è stato introdotto anche il processo di progettazione partecipata attraverso l'electronic town meeting. Le risultanze di tale approccio metodologico ottimizza l’impiego di risorse economiche limitate verso una migliore qualità della vita negli ambienti urbani.In this paper we present a methodology for analyzing the system of green/gray infrastructure urban environments classified for their environmental sustainability. This analysis, allows the construction of a matrix that can be analyzed mathematically. The knapsack problem of multiple choice is the basis of the approach is proposed where a resolutive efficient algorithm to obtain the optimal solution to the problem linear, and this algorithmic method is incorporated in a dynamic programming algorithm for the entire problem. In the case treated the second objective function has been used to minimize the overall difference between the states of competence of each infrastructure. A further set of constraints has been used in the two macroclasses containing respectively the infrastructure type of public and private type. The model used in this work was developed ad hoc to represent the decision problem under consideration and all its characteristics. The model developed thus presents elements of originality, to the best knowledge of the author. To improve the acceptability of the design choices is also introduced the process of participatory planning through the electronic town meeting. The results of this methodological approach optimizes the use of limited financial resources towards a better quality of life in urban environments.
43
CARPINETI, CLAUDIO. "Infrastrutture verdi Un modello matematico per l'ottimizzazione economica e sostenibile degli investimenti pubblici in ambito urbano." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1953.
Abstract:
In questo lavoro viene presentata una metodologia di analisi del sistema delle infrastrutture verdi/grigie degli ambienti urbani classificabili per la loro sostenibilità ambientale. Questa analisi, permette la costruzione di una matrice che può essere analizzata matematicamente.
Il problema di knapsack a scelta multipla è la base dell'approccio dove viene proposto un algoritmo risolutivo efficiente per ottenere la soluzione ottima lineare al problema, e tale metodo algoritmico viene incorporato in un algoritmo di programmazione dinamica per il problema intero.
Nel caso trattato la seconda funzione obiettivo è stata utilizzata per minimizzare la differenza complessiva tra gli stati di competenza di ciascuna infrastruttura. Un ulteriore set di vincoli è stato usato nelle due macroclassi contenenti rispettivamente le infrastrutture di tipo pubblico e di tipo privato. Il modello utilizzato in questo lavoro è stato sviluppato ad-hoc per rappresentare il problema decisionale considerato e tutte le sue caratteristiche peculiari. Il modello sviluppato presenta dunque elementi di originalità, al meglio della conoscenza dell'autore.
A migliorare l'accettabilità delle scelte progettuali è stato introdotto anche il processo di progettazione partecipata attraverso l'electronic town meeting. Le risultanze di tale approccio metodologico ottimizza l’impiego di risorse economiche limitate verso una migliore qualità della vita negli ambienti urbani.In this paper we present a methodology for analyzing the system of green/gray infrastructure urban environments classified for their environmental sustainability. This analysis, allows the construction of a matrix that can be analyzed mathematically. The knapsack problem of multiple choice is the basis of the approach is proposed where a resolutive efficient algorithm to obtain the optimal solution to the problem linear, and this algorithmic method is incorporated in a dynamic programming algorithm for the entire problem. In the case treated the second objective function has been used to minimize the overall difference between the states of competence of each infrastructure. A further set of constraints has been used in the two macroclasses containing respectively the infrastructure type of public and private type. The model used in this work was developed ad hoc to represent the decision problem under consideration and all its characteristics. The model developed thus presents elements of originality, to the best knowledge of the author. To improve the acceptability of the design choices is also introduced the process of participatory planning through the electronic town meeting. The results of this methodological approach optimizes the use of limited financial resources towards a better quality of life in urban environments.
44
Pombo, Maira. "Biologia populacional e dieta de Stellifer rastrifer (Jordan, 1889) S. stellifer (Bloch, 1790) e S. brasiliensis (Schultz, 1945) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) na Enseada de Caraguatabuba (SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-02082011-120452/.
Abstract:
A fim de colaborar com o conhecimento dos vários aspectos das diferentes populações e suas interações para o manejo e conservação dos recursos naturais, foram analisadas a dinâmica populacional e a dieta de três espécies do gênero Stellifer (Sciaenidae), coletadas de agosto de 2003 a outubro de 2004 em áreas rasas da Enseada de Caraguatatuba, com influência mínima dos rios e estuários da região. Os indivíduos de Stellifer rastrifer (n=3183), S. brasiliensis (n=357) e S. stellifer (n=116) concentraram-se em geral na porção sul da enseada e houve diferença entre o tamanho das três espécies (S. rastrifer > S. stellifer > S. brasiliensis), que apresentaram um padrão de variação do comprimento ao longo do tempo bastante semelhante. Todas se mostraram essencialmente carcinófagas, com variação sazonal dos itens alimentares e alta sobreposição alimentar entre elas. Stellifer rastrifer permitiu uma análise de aspectos reprodutivos e de crescimento. A quantidade de fêmeas com gônadas em maturação e maduras foi muito pequena, bem como os valores do índice gonadossomático foram baixos indicando que a área não seja usada para desova. Os valores estimados para os parâmetros de crescimento (L?=20,9, K=0,37 e Z=2,81) indicam que haja uma segregação espacial entre jovens e adultos e que a taxa de mortalidade encontrada deva incluir em sua composição uma elevada taxa de migração dos jovens para áreas mais profundas, onde se supõe que completem seu desenvolvimento.Intending to collaborate with some knowledge about ecosystems functioning for its suitable management and the conservation of natural resources, it was analyzed the populational dynamics and diet of three species belonging to the genus Stellifer (Sciaenidae), collected from August 2003 to October 2004, in shallow areas of Caraguatatuba Bay, where there was the least influence as possible of rivers and estuaries placed in the region. Species were Stellifer rastrifer (n=3183), S. brasiliensis (n=357) and S. Stellifer (n=116), wich focused at the southern area of the Bay. Species were significantly different from each other for size (S. rastrifer > S. stellifer > S. brasiliensis), although they have shown a quite similar pattern of length variation over time. They all fed upon basically crustaceans, with marked seasonal variation of food items and high dietary overlap among them. Stellifer rastrifer abundance allowed reproductive aspects analysis and the determination of growth parameters. The number of mature gonads in females was very small and gonadosomatic index values throughout the year were low, thus indicating that it is not a sapwn area. The growth parameters calculated (L?=20.9, K=0.37 and Z=2,81) indicate that there is a spatial segregation by size and that the mortality rate must, therefore, include a high rate of older individuals migration to deeper areas, where it is assumed that they complete their development.
45
Isola, Maria. "Osobennostiu vyrazenija kommunikativnych struktur v russkom jazyke v sopostavlenii s italjanskim." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421669.
Abstract:
The thesis’s aim is to study the communicative component of a sentence semantic and to analyse its main ways of syntactic expression both in Russian and Italian.
The research is divided into four chapters. Chapter One starts with a study of the semantic content of the phrase, and analyses it as a tripartite structure with a propositional, a communicative and a pragmatic component [Kobozeva 2009: 217-265]. Besides, it contains a detailed analysis of informative categories, which are the constituent parts of the communicative component: the theme-rheme opposition, the new-old opposition, the presupposed-not presupposed opposition and focus and contrast concepts as well. In the second paragraph, a new informative category, named “setting”, is introduced. The category’s function is to define the spatial-temporal coordinates in which the action expressed in the phrase takes place. Finally, a brief dictionary, containing Italian equivalents of the Russian linguistic terms mentioned in the chapter, is given.
Chapter Two describes the most relevant ways of expressing a communicative content through syntaxes both in Russian and in Italian. Ways of syntactic expression such as word order, intonation, passive and kleft are taken into account for both languages. Moreover, the important correlation between word order, intonation and stylistic undertones in the Russian language is analysed in the second paragraph.
Chapter Three is a comparative analysis of the ways of syntactically expressing the communicative structure in Russian and Italian. The analysis is conducted through a comparison of different Italian translations of some phrases taken from A dog’s heart by M. A. Bulgakov. The examples have been divided into eight groups, according to their communicative structure (e.g., “propositions in which theme precedes rheme and coincides with the subject”; “propositions in which rheme precedes theme” etc.), and have been compared with eight Italian translations of those passages. Such a comparative analysis of the communicative structure in the original Russian phrase and in the Italian translations made it possible to identify the two languages’ peculiarities in the use syntaxes to express the communicative structures. Some cases in which “semantic shifts” can be observed in the course of the translation could be identified, too.
Chapter Four contains a practical application of the theoretical notions thus gathered about the informative structure of a statement and about his ways of syntactic expressions. It deals especially with the teaching of Russian as foreign language and particularly with the teaching of Russian word order. More in detail, propedeutical exercises have been elaborated for teaching the Russian word order both in writing and in speaking, as well as by means of translation from a foreign language. In addition, a series of exercises has been developed, which make the translator aware of the difference between Russian and Italian in expressing the communicative structure through syntaxes.
The final part contains the results and the conclusions of the work, along with appendixes to the theoretical-linguistic part .La presente tesi è dedicata allo studio del contenuto comunicativo della semantica dell’enunciato e all’analisi delle sue principali modalità di espressione in russo e in italiano. Nel primo capitolo viene presa in esame la tripartizione del significato dell’enunciato in contenuto denotativo, contenuto comunicativo e contenuto pragmatico [Kobozeva 2009: 217-265]; di seguito vengono analizzate in modo dettagliato le categorie informative facenti parte della componente comunicativa della semantica dell’enunciato, per la precisione l’opposizione tema-rema, l’opposizione dato-nuovo, l’opposizione presupposto-non presupposto, il concetto di focus e quello di contrasto. Viene inoltre proposta l’introduzione di una nuova categoria informativa denominata “cornice”, la cui funzione consterebbe nel definire le coordinate spazio-temporali in cui si colloca l’azione espressa nella frase. Alla fine del capitolo si riporta un breve elenco con gli equivalenti italiani dei concetti linguistici nominati all’interno del capitolo. Il secondo capitolo contiene la descrizione delle principali modalità di espressione sintattica del contenuto comunicativo in russo e in italiano: in entrambe le lingue vengono prese in considerazione modalità di espressione quali l’ordine delle parole, l’intonazione, l’uso della diatesi passiva e il ricorso alla frase scissa. Per quanto riguarda la lingua russa, nel secondo paragrafo ci si sofferma ad analizzare la stretta correlazione esistente tra ordine delle parole, intonazione e presenza o assenza di sfumatura espressiva nella frase. Il terzo capitolo contiene un’analisi comparata delle modalità di espressione delle strutture comunicative in russo e in italiano, condotta mediante il confronto delle traduzioni italiane di alcune frasi tratte dalla povest’ Cuore di cane di M. A. Bulgakov. Gli esempi analizzati sono stati suddivisi in otto gruppi a seconda della loro struttura comunicativa (ad esempio, “proposizioni in cui il tema precede il rema e coincide con il soggetto”, “proposizioni in cui il rema precede il tema” ecc.) e sono stati confrontati con le loro otto rispettive traduzioni italiane. L’analisi comparativa delle strutture comunicative dell’originale russo e delle sue traduzioni italiane ha reso possibile l’identificazione di alcune particolarità nell’utilizzo di determinate modalità espressive delle strutture comunicative proprie di queste due lingue, e ha permesso di identificare i casi in cui si osserva uno “slittamento semantico/spostamento concettuale” verificatosi nel corso della traduzione del componente comunicativo dell’originale russo in italiano. Il quarto capitolo della tesi è dedicato infine all’applicazione delle nozioni teoriche sulla struttura informativa dell’enunciato e sulle sue modalità di espressione nella pratica dell’insegnamento della lingua russa agli italiani, in particolare per ciò che riguarda l’insegnamento dell’ordine delle parole. A questo scopo sono stati elaborati degli esercizi propedeutici all’insegnamento dell’ordine delle parole russo nella produzione orale e scritta degli studenti, anche mediante l’utilizzo della traduzione. È stata inoltre creata un’ulteriore serie di esercizi volta a sensibilizzare i futuri traduttori sulle diversità nelle modalità di espressione della struttura comunicativa in russo e in italiano. Nella parte finale vengono riportati i risultati, le conclusioni del lavoro svolto e le appendici alla parte teorico-linguistica e alla parte di applicazione didattica.
46
Godoi, Sueli Susana de. "Dinâmica quase-geostrófica do sistema corrente do Brasil no embaiamento de São Paulo (23,5º - 27º S)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21132/tde-10122009-130359/.
Abstract:
Denomina-se Sistema Corrente do Brasil (CB) ao sistema de correntes de contorno oeste formados pela CB, fluindo para sul-sudoeste, e Corrente de Contorno Intermediária (CCI), fluindo para norte-nordeste, associado aos meandros e vórtices. O sistema bordeja a margem continental brasileira sudeste ao longo de 1200-1800 m. A investigação da dinâmica das ondas baroclínicas de vorticidade superpostas ao Sistema Corrente do Brasil é conduzida através exclusivamente de análise de dados hidrográficos de dois cruzeiros de meso-escala (verão e inverno de 1993) do projeto Circulação Oceânica da Região Oeste do Atlântico Sul - COROAS, a componente brasileira do World Ocean Circulation Experiment - WOCE. Estes cruzeiros foram realizados na porção central do Embaiamento de São Paulo (\'23,5 GRAUS\' - \'27 GRAUS\'S). Objetivando-se a aplicação do Método Dinâmico, estimativa quantitativa de um Nível de Referência (NR) é conduzida comparando-se duas metodologias diferentes e independentes. A primeira utiliza o fato de que a CB transporta Água Tropical (AT) e Água Central do Atlântico Sul (ACAS) e de que a CCI transporta dominantemente Água Intermediária Antártica (AIA). Aplica-se então um Critério Termodinâmico, no qual a interface que separa ACAS e AIA é estimada para os dois cruzeiros via aplicação dos Teoremas de Shtokman. A outra metodologia consiste na obtenção de padrões verticais de velocidade baroclínica absoluta a partir de simulações numéricas com a versão seccional do Princenton Ocean Model - POM inicializados com 14 campos termohalinos interpolados a partir dos dados - é o Critério Dinâmico. Os dois critérios apresentam resultado médio que difere apenas cerca de 7 dbar um do outro. Assim, adota-se valor de 480 dbar como NR para os cálculos geostróficos como nível isobárico que demarca a interface média entre CB e CCI. Mapas de função de corrente geostrófica são gerados através de mapeamento objetivo. Tais mapas apresentam evidências inequívocas de que os ciclones e anticiclones, observados nos experimentos de verão e inverno de 1993, são estruturas de vórtices associadas a meandros do Sistema CB. Este aparecem como estruturas vorticais postadas em lados diametralmente opostos ao eixo da CB: ciclones no lado costeiro, e anticiclones no lado oceânico. A variação vertical das estruturas dos meandros e a existência de uma única inversão de sentido permite comprovar e concluir que são ondas baroclínicas de primeiro modo, corroborando especulações presentes na literatura. A construção de um modelo quase-geostrófico de duas camadas para um oceano não-viscoso no plano \'beta\' e de fundo plano permite a realização de análise de vorticidade potencial. Tal análise permite concluir que o campo de vorticidade básico devido à CB suplanta o planetário e que estas ondas baroclínicas são ondas que devem sua existência ao cisalhamento vertical e horizontal da corrente. A variação frontal em vorticidade potencial baroclínica do Sistema CB é de \'1,7x10 POT.-5 s POT. -1\'. A dominãncia do termo da vorticidade de estiramento, que responde por 60% da variação de vorticidade na frente, permite estabelecer que as ondas capturadas na malha hidrográfica são ondas longas dentro da classe de meso-escala. O princípio de conservação de vorticidade potencial é invocado numa análise que envolve a superposição dos campos de vorticidade potencial e função de corrente para a primeira camada. Esta análise apresenta tanto evidências robustas de propagação das ondas baroclínicas quanto indícios de crescimento do meandro ciclônico, ou seja, de processo de instabilidade. Face aos achados das análises anteriores, teoria linear e método das perturbações são utilizados para obter uma relação de dispersão para as ondas baroclínicas da CB. Esta relação é dependente da velocidade da CB e do gradiente de vorticidade potencial através da correnteThe Brazil Current System is formed by two western boundary currents that flow along the Southeast Brazil continental margin from surface to 1200-1800 m deep. These two currents are the southward-flowing Brazil Current (BC) and the northward-flowing Intermediate Western Boundary Current (IWBC). The investigation of the dynamics of the barociinic vorticity waves superimposed to the BC system is conducted in this work solely from hydrographic data anaiysis and manipulation from two oceanographic meso-scale surveys that were part of the COROAS Project, the Brazilian arm of the Worid Ocean Circulation Experiment. These two cruises sampled the central portion of the São Paulo Bight (23,5°- 27°S) in the summer and winter seasons of 1993. As it was intended to appiy the classical Dynamic Method to the data, a quantitative estimate of the reference levei (RL) is conducted through the comparison of two different and independent methodoiogies. The first uses the previous knowiedge that the BC transports Tropical Water and South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) as well as that the IWBC transports mainly Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). This method, referred here as the Thermodynamic Criterion applies the Shtokman theorems to estimate the interface depth between SACW and AAIW. The second methodology, designated here as the Dynamic Criterion, consists of modeiing absolute baroclinic velocities for all 14 hydrographic transects using the sectional version of the Princeton Ocean Model. The results of the two methods differ oniy in 7 dbar and a RL of 480 dbar is adopted as to represent the average interface isobaric level between BC and IWBC in the following geostrophic calculations. Horizontal distributions of geostrophic stream function are generated using objective mapping. These distributions present unequivocal evidences of cyclonic and anticyclonic structures in both Summer and Winter 1993 cruises. These features are associated to meanders of the BC System. They are depicted in opposing sides of the current core. The cyclone is seen in the BC coastal side as the anticyclone is placed in its oceanic side. The vertical variation of these pattems with a single flow direction inversion confirms that these vortical features are part of a first baroclinic mode wave, which corroborates previous speculations found in the literature. In order to pursue a potential vorticity analysis, a data-derived two-layer quasi-geostrophic model is built assuming an invicid flat-bottomed ocean in the 3-plane. This analysis allowed to conclude that the basic vorticity field associated with both horizontal and vertical shear of the boundary currents are responsible for the baroclinic wave existence. The planetary vorticity gradient is one order of magnitude lower. The frontal variation in baroclinic potential vorticity is 1,7 x i0 s1. The dominance of the stretching vorticity, which accounts for 60% of the gradient variation, leads to classify these oscillatory motions as long meso-scale waves. The potential vorticity conservation principle is invoked on an analysis that consists of superimposing the first layer quasi-gesotrophic potential vorticity and geostrophic stream funtion maps. This analysis revealed that the baroclinic waves are propagating as well as evidences of meander growth, an indication of a possible geophysical instability mechanism, are seen. Given the findings of the previous analyses, linear theory and the perturbation method are used to derive a dispersion relation for the BC System first mode baroclinic waves. The wave frequency is function of the BC velocity as well as the potential vorticity cross-stream gradient.
47
Carvalho, Jéssica dos Santos de. "Variabilidade de longo-termo do transporte da Corrente do Brasil ao longo de 30º S - Um estudo numérico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-24032015-155510/.
Abstract:
Variabilidades de longo período têm sido detectadas no padrão de ventos em larga escala no hemisfério sul, com base em dados observacionais, reanálises e modelos. Estudos recentes têm sugerido algumas respostas oceânicas a mudanças no padrão atmosférico, desde a migração da Frente Subtropical, ao aumento do Vazamento das Agulhas e à intensificação dos giros subtropicais (GS). Apesar da importância do Atlântico Sul (AS) na distribuição global de calor, ainda não está claro a variabilidade de sua circulação e suas respostas às mudanças no campo do vento em larga escala. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar, usando resultados de uma simulação com o modelo numérico HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model), a variabilidade do transporte de volume da Corrente do Brasil (CB) em sua região central (∼30ºS) frente ao campo de vento da Reanálise I do NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Centers for Atmospheric Research). Os produtos do NCEP/NCAR apresentam intensificação e deslocamento em direção ao polo do cinturão de ventos de oeste no hemisfério sul (HS), o que ocasiona alteração do rotacional da tensão de cisalhamento do vento, ao longo de toda a bacia do AS, e a migração para sul das linhas de rotacional nulo e máximo em latitudes subtropicais. Mesmo com a intensificação do rotacional médio sobre o AS, a série computada do fluxo de retorno do transporte integrado de Sverdrup em 30ºS, através dos dados da reanálise, demonstram uma diminuição entre os anos de 1960 e 2010. Este comportamento é coerente com a tendência à redução do rotacional mediado zonalmente ao longo da mesma latitude. O transporte da CB computado com resultados do HYCOM apresenta uma tendência próxima à encontrada para o transporte de Sverdrup integrado, de cerca de 0,1 Sv por década, e estas apresentam correlação máxima de 0,6 com defasagem de 2 anos. Ao longo de 30°S, a leste da CB modelada, é encontrado um fluxo para norte identificado como o retorno de uma célula de recirculação, com transporte médio de 4,25±2,87Sv. Este fluxo também apresenta tendência à redução, a qual poderia estar relacionada com uma migração para sul de toda a estrutura da recirculação, acompanhando o deslocamento da confluência Brasil-Malvinas e da Frente Subtropical. O transporte residual na borda oeste (CB+Recirculação) apresenta uma intensificação do fluxo para sul, a qual poderia indicar um fortalecimento do GS, o que estaria em concordância com a intensificação e maior abrangência da Alta Subtropical observada no campo de Reanálise I. No entanto não foi encontrada correlação significativa entre o campo de vento e a variabilidade do transporte residual ao longo da fronteira oeste.Long term variability has been detected in the South Hemisphere large-scale wind pattern, using models, reanalysis and observations. Recent studies have suggested an oceanic response to changes in the atmospheric pattern, such as the Subtropical Front migration, increase in the Agulhas leakage and intensification of the subtropical gyre (SG). Despite the importance of the South Atlantic in the global heat distribution, the variability of its circulation and response to changes in the large-scale wind field remains unclear. The current study aims to investigate, from a numerical simulation using HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model), the variability of the Brazilian Current (BC) volume transport at its central region (∼30ºS) according to the wind field from Reanalysis I - NCEP/NCAR (National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research). The NCEP/NCAR results show an intensification and a poleward shift of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds, leading changes in the wind curl along the SA, and a southern migration of the zero and maximum curl lines in subtropical latitudes. Even with the intensification of the mean wind curl over the SA, the time series of integrated Sverdrup return flow transport at 30ºS show a decrease between 1960 and 2010. This pattern is in agreement with the reduction trend in the zonal mean curl along the same latitude. The computed BC transport by HYCOM results present a similar trend to the integrated Sverdup transport (approximately 0.1 Sv per decade), with a 0.6 maximum correlation with a 2 year delay. Along the 30ºS, close to the western boundary, a north flow was identified as the return of a recirculation cell, with a 4,25±2,87 Sv mean transport. This flow also presents a reduction trend, which could be related to southern migration of the entire recirculation structure, following the Brazil-Malvinas confluence and Subtropical Front displacement. The residual transport at the western boundary (BC+Recirculation) shows an increase in the south flow that could indicates an increase of the SG, which is in agreement with the intensification and expansion of the Subtropical Ridge observed in the Reanalysis I. However, no significant correlation between the wind field and residual transport variability along the western boundary was found.
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Rosa, Marcos Rogerio. "Reef communities of the Saint Peter and Saint Paul\'s Archipelago across an euphotic-mesophotic depth gradient (0-90 m)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-10042015-135758/.
Abstract:
This thesis focuses on the investigation of reef communities of the Saint Peter and Saint Paul´s Archipelago (SPSPA) across an euphotic/mesophotic depth gradient. Sampling was performed on shallow and mesophotic areas (0 to 90 m depth) using SCUBA and a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). The present work is composed of four chapters: Chapter 1 deals with the quantitative assessment of reef fish communities, which were divided in three distinct communities associated with different depth strata. Clear shifts in habitat use and in size-frequency distributions were recorded for some species. Abundance of black-corals and depth were the most important factors affecting the structure of fish communities, with a clear association of fish with branching black-corals in the mesophotic zone. Chapter 2 presents the first detailed qualitative assessment of benthic communities of the SPSPA. The influence of biotic and abiotic variables shaping the structure of the benthic communities was evaluated. A total of 77 benthic taxa belonging to six major functional groups were recorded. Macroalgae was the richest group (41 infrageneric taxa), with 17 new records for the SPSPA. Turf algae were the most abundant group on both shallow and mesophotic reefs. Two distinct communities were detected: a shallow one composed primarily by the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum (Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1861), the fleshy alga Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh, crustose coralline algae (CCA) and Bryopsis spp., and another deeper community dominated by CCA, bryozoans and scleractinian corals. Abiotic variables were the most important predictors of benthic community structure. Chapter 3 brings information on abundance, distribution size and associated fauna (epibionts) of black-corals. Although two species of black-corals, Tanacetipathes hirta (Gray, 1857) and T. thamnea (Warner, 1981), are known to occur in the SPSPA, they are undistinguishable underwater. Epibiosis, mainly by zoanthids and entanglement by fishing monofilament were important factors negatively affecting the health of black-coral colonies. Black-corals were intensively used as refuge by reef fish, especially by the endemic oblique butterflyfish Prognathodes obliquus (Chaetodontidae). A single black-coral colony repeatedly visited and monitored for ten years showed a decrease in vitality since the first observation, mainly related to fouling by algal detritus and entanglement by fishing monofilaments. Chapter 4 discusses the ecology (abundance, distribution and habitat preferences) of the fireworm Hermodice carunculata, a major predator on mesophotic zone of SPSPA. A total of 278 individuals of bearded fireworm were observed, with significant difference in abundance between euphotic and mesophotic zones. A direct association of H. carunculata with black-corals (Tanacetipathes spp.), the scleractinian Madracis decactis and depth was found. A final session with concluding remarks wraps up information on the ecology of Mesophotic Reef Ecosystems highlighting their possible importance for the stability and persistence of reef fish and benthic communities of the SPSPA, which are under threat of overfishing and climate change, thus requiring urgent protective measures.O tema central desta tese é estudar a ecologia de comunidades recifais ao longo do gradiente de profundidade no Arquipélago São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP), com ênfase nos Ecossistemas Recifais Mesofóticos (ERMs). As amostragens foram realizadas da superfície até a zona mesofótica (0 a 90 m de profundidade), utilizando SCUBA e Veículos Submersíveis de Operação Remota (VSORs). Esta tese é composta por quatro capítulos. No Capítulo 1 foi realizado uma avaliação quantitativa das comunidades de peixes, as quais formaram três comunidades distintas associadas aos diferentes estratos de profundidade e ao uso de diferentes hábitats de acordo com mudanças ontogenéticas (tamanho do corpo). Corais-negros e profundidade foram os fatores mais importantes na estruturação das comunidades de peixes, com uso intenso dos corais-negros por peixes na zona mesofótica. O Capítulo 2 apresenta a primeira avaliação qualitativa das comunidades bentônicas do ASPSP, além de uma avaliação da influência de variáveis bióticas e abióticas na estruturação das comunidades. Foram registrados 77 táxons bentônicos pertencentes a seis grupos. Macroalgas foi o grupo mais rico (41 táxons), com 17 novos registros para o ASPSP. Algas formadoras de tufos (turf) constituíram o grupo mais abundante em ambos os ambientes, eufótico e mesofótico. Foram observadas duas comunidades distintas: uma superficial composta principalmente pelo zoantídeo Palythoa caribaeorum, a pela alga Caulerpa racemosa carnuda, algas calcárias incrustantes (CCA) e Bryopsis spp, e outra mais profunda dominada por CCA, briozoários e corais escleractíneos. As variáveis abióticas, particularmente profundidade e luz, foram mais importantes na estrutura da comunidade bentônica. O Capítulo 3 traz informações sobre a abundância, distribuição, tamanho e vitalidade de corais-negros. Duas espécies de corais-negros, Tanacetipathes hirta (Gray, 1857) e T. thamnea (Warner, 1981), foram identificadas. Epibiose por zoantídeos e estrangulamento por monofilamentos afetaram negativamente as colônias de coral negro, uma delas monitorada durante dez anos. Esta última apresentou uma diminuição da vitalidade devido principalmente à presença de algas e estrangulamento por monofilamento. Corais-negros formam um grupo-chave na zona mesofótica do ASPSP, sendo intensamente utilizados como hábitat por diversos peixes recifais, principalmente espécies endêmicas (e.g., o peixe-borboleta Prognathodes obliquus). O Capítulo 4 aborda a ecologia do principal predador de invertebrados bentônicos na zona mesofótica do ASPSP, o verme-de-fogo Hermodice carunculata, descrevendo sua abundância e distribuição batimétrica e discutindo seu potencial em impactar as comunidades bentônicas, especialmente os corais escleractínios e os corais-negros na zona mesofótica do ASPSP. Observou-se um total de 278 indivíduos, com diferença significativa na abundância entre as zonas eufótica e mesofótica. Foi encontrada uma associação direta entre H. carunculata e 1) corais-negros (Tanacetipathes spp), 2) o coral escleractíneo Madracis decactis e 3) profundidade. Sugere-se aqui que os ecossistemas mesofóticos são essenciais para a estabilidade para as comunidades recifais eufóticas do ASPSP, tornando urgente a necessidade de novos estudos, principalmente com foco no potencial impacto da pesca e mudanças climáticas.
49
Rampazzo, Chiara. "G. I. Chulkov: problemy nauainoj biografii pisatelja s 1879 g. do Oktjabraiskoj revoljucii (na materiale neizdannoj semejnoj perepiski 1901-1938 gg.)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422803.
Abstract:
My thesis is a monographic work devoted to the reconstruction of the biography of the writer Georgy Ivanovich Chulkov (1879-1939), one of the protagonists of the Russian literary scene in the first decades of the 20th century. Chulkov should be considered as a rather singular figure whose production, despite the multiplicity and originality that characterize it, is often unfairly neglected, if not forgotten: his name rarely appears among the greatest exponents of the Silver Age. Chulkov was a poet, novelist, playwright, literary critic, biographer and, above all, a tireless organizer of Russian literary life of that time. His interests ranged from the meticulous study of Russian classics (in particular Pushkin and Dostoevsky) to that of the literary and cultural movements of the time, from poetry to narrative, from literary criticism to journalism. Only in the last few decades of the past century, within the Russian academic community, Chulkov's work has become the object of numerous reissues and publications of previously unpublished works.
Within the studies about the Silver Age of Russian culture, however, Chulkov's life and work have never been thoroughly investigated and reconstructed as a whole and, therefore, there is no monographic work devoted to the scientific study of his biography. Our intent is to overcome this gap by starting to create a first scientific biography of this writer.
This work is divided into three parts. The first part is a review of the studies on the formulation and theorization of the genre of scientific biography, in which particular attention is paid to the reception of this genre within the Russian academic community. Here are also presented the main theoretical aspects concerning a scientific work of biographical writing. These principles are then applied to the particular context of the reconstruction of biographical events in Chulkov's life. The corpus of texts that formed the primary documentary base used for writing his biography is widely described. Among these texts needs to be highlighted the correspondence between Chulkov and his wife, as it is a biographical source of great significance, that allows a complete and reliable reconstruction of facts and circumstances only superficially known.
The second part presents the reconstruction of Chulkov's biography. The time span that has been examined is from 1879, the writer's birth year, to the October Revolution, which, however, does not correspond to the year of the writer's death, happened in 1939. This choice has been dictated by the fact that the 1920's represent, in the writer's life, a sort of watershed. As a result of these events, in fact, he radically changed his way of being and perceiving the surrounding world, leaving behind his revolutionary past. The events' historical extent drove him back to the principles of orthodox Christianity, in full harmony with his spiritual evolution (caused, in part, by the loss of his son Vladimir in 1920). The biography consists of eight chapters: the first four cover respectively the period of childhood, school education, university studies up to the Siberian confinement; the fifth chapter introduces a transitional period during which the writer was forced to live under close surveillance in Nizhny Novgorod. The sixth and seventh chapters illustrate the so-called "St Petersburg period", which focuses on the mystical anarchism's theory, formulated and promoted by the writer between 1905 and 1906 and which sparked a burning controversy on the country's literary scene, and on its following re-elaboration through the conception of "realistic symbolism". The last chapter is devoted to the "years of travelling", that compelled the writer to spend much of those years abroad. It also includes Chulkov's experience as a soldier at the front during World War I, where he spent about a year as a medical assistant.
The dissertation was carried out on the basis of several writer's unpublished materials, conserved in the main literary archives in Moscow. These materials constitute the third part of this work and they are: the correspondence between Chulkov and his wife (over 1400 sheets), transcribed and supplied with a short textual preamble that provides most of the autographs' fundamental details, and a few among the most complete autobiographies and biographies found among the writer's personal documents.Il mio lavoro di tesi costituisce uno studio monografico dedicato alla ricostruzione delle vicende biografiche dello scrittore Georgij Ivanovich Chulkov (1879-1939), protagonista della scena letteraria russa nei primi decenni del XX secolo. Chulkov si propone come una figura alquanto singolare, la cui produzione, malgrado la poliedricità e l'originalità che la contraddistinguono, è spesso ingiustamente negletta, se non dimenticata: il suo nome, infatti, compare solo raramente tra quelli dei maggiori esponenti del Secolo d'argento. Chulkov fu poeta, romanziere, drammaturgo, critico letterario, biografo e, soprattutto, un instancabile organizzatore della vita letteraria dell'epoca. I suoi interessi spaziavano dallo studio meticoloso dei classici russi (in particolar modo, Pushkin e Dostoevskij) a quello dei movimenti letterari e culturali del tempo, dalla poesia alla narrativa, dalla critica letteraria al giornalismo. Solamente nel corso degli ultimi decenni del secolo scorso, all'interno del panorama accademico russo, l'opera di Chulkov è divenuta oggetto non solo di numerose riedizioni, ma anche di pubblicazioni inedite. Nel contesto degli studi sul Secolo d'argento della cultura russa, tuttavia, la vita e l'opera di Chulkov non risultano essere mai state ricostruite e indagate dettagliatamente nel loro insieme e, ugualmente, non esiste un lavoro monografico dedicato allo studio scientifico della sua biografia. Il nostro intento è dunque quello di sopperire a questa lacuna, cominciando a creare una prima vera e propria biografia scientifica dello scrittore. Il presente lavoro è suddiviso in tre parti. La prima parte propone una rassegna degli studi rivolti alla formulazione e alla teorizzazione del genere della biografia scientifica, nella quale si è fatto riferimento, in particolar modo, alla ricezione di questo genere nel contesto accademico russo. Vengono esposti i principali aspetti teorici che stanno alla base di un lavoro scientifico di ricostruzione biografica, i quali vengono successivamente applicati al contesto particolare della ricostruzione delle vicende biografiche di Chulkov. Viene ampiamente descritto il corpus di testi che costituisce il materiale primario utilizzato per la stesura della biografia. Tra essi spicca il carteggio coniugale dello scrittore, fonte biografica di grande rilievo, poiché consente una ricostruzione completa e attendibile di fatti e circostanze attualmente solo superficialmente noti. La seconda parte, invece, è costituita dalla ricostruzione della biografia di Chulkov. L'arco temporale preso in esame è quello che va dal 1879, anno di nascita dello scrittore, fino alla Rivoluzione d'Ottobre, che tuttavia non corrisponde all'anno della sua scomparsa, avvenuta nel 1939. La scelta è stata dettata dal fatto che gli anni Venti rappresentano, nella vita dello scrittore, una sorta di spartiacque. A seguire, infatti, egli mutò radicalmente il suo modo di essere e di percepire il mondo circostante, lasciandosi nettamente alle spalle il suo passato da rivoluzionario. La portata storica degli eventi lo spinse a riabbracciare i principi del cristianesimo ortodosso, in piena armonia con la sua evoluzione spirituale (suscitata, in parte, anche dalla perdita dell'unico figlio Vladimir nel 1920). La biografia consta di otto capitoli: i primi quattro trattano rispettivamente il periodo dell'infanzia, della formazione scolastica, degli studi universitari fino al confino siberiano; il quinto capitolo introduce un periodo di transizione, durante il quale lo scrittore fu costretto a vivere, sotto stretta sorveglianza, a Nizhny Novgorod. Il sesto e il settimo capitolo illustrano il cosiddetto periodo "pietroburghese", che ruota attorno alla teoria dell'anarchismo mistico, formulata e promossa dallo scrittore tra il 1905 e il 1906 e che fu al centro di roventi polemiche nella scena letteraria del paese, e alla sua successiva rielaborazione nella concezione del "simbolismo realista". L'ultimo capitolo, invece, è dedicato agli "anni di viaggio", che portarono lo scrittore a trascorrere buona parte della sua vita all'estero. In esso rientra anche l'esperienza di Chulkov come soldato al fronte durante la Prima guerra mondiale, dove egli trascorse quasi un anno come aiuto-medico. La stesura della tesi è stata condotta sulla base di numerosi materiali d'archivio inediti dello scrittore, rinvenuti nei principali archivi di Mosca. Questi materiali vanno a formare la terza parte di questo lavoro, e sono: l'ampio carteggio coniugale (oltre 1400 fogli), interamente trascritto e accompagnato da un breve preambolo testologico, nel quale si forniscono dettagli relativi alla riproduzione del documento autografo, e alcune tra le più complete autobiografie e biografie rinvenute tra i documenti personali dello scrittore.
50
Bhering, Acmon Francisco Pedrosa. "Correntes perpendiculares à costa ao Norte da Plataforma Continental Sudeste Brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-23032016-154604/.
Abstract:
A componente perpendicular à costa das correntes nas plataformas continentais é comumente menos intensa e energética do que a componente paralela. Entretanto, elas são importantes no contexto da circulação normal à costa e da troca de água entre plataformas continentais e oceano aberto. Este trabalho teve por finalidade compreender o comportamento das correntes perpendiculares à costa na parte setentrional da Plataforma Continental Sudeste Brasileira (PCSE). Para tal, utilizou-se quatro anos de dados de correntometria do projeto DEPROAS em fundeios de 50, 100 e 200 metros de profundidades nas radiais de Cabo Frio, Ubatuba e Baia de Guanabara para diversas análises e procedimentos estatísticos, assim como experimentos numéricos utilizando-se o modelo computacional sECOM. Esses dados foram comparados com parâmetros adimensionais (número de Burger) afim de descrever os principais padrões de resposta dessas correntes às diversas condições nos espectros temporais e espaciais. O número de Burger (S) é um bom parâmetro para descrever o a dinâmica perpendicular na PCSE. Regiões com S próximo ou maior do que um (principalmente próximas ao talude) transportam água, para a plataforma principalmente acima da camada de fundo, devido ao rápido desligamento da camada de Ekman (períodos menores do que os subinerciais). Consequentemente, nas regiões dos fundeios das isóbatas de 200 metros, registrou-se a exportação de água da plataforma para o oceano aberto próximo ao fundo associados à maré diurna.The cross-shore current on continental shelves are usually less intense and energetic than the alongshore current. However, they are important in characterizing the cross shelf circulation and the exchange of water between the continental shelf and the open ocean. This paper aims to understand the behavior of cross-shore currents on the northern part of the Southeast Brazilian Continental Shelf. It was used four years of current data from DEPROAS project\'s moorings (50, 100 and 200 meters depths) from cross-sections in Cabo Frio, Ubatuba and Guanabara Bay. Those data were statistically treated and analyzed. In addition, it was conducted numerical experiments with sECOM computational model. Those data were compared with dimensionless parameters (Burger number) in order to describe the main response patterns of them during different temporal and spatial conditions. The Burger number (S) is a good parameter to describe the cross-shelf dynamics in the studied area. When S is near or greater than one (especially near the slope) the water fluxes directed to the platform occurs mainly above the bottom layer due to the rapid shutdown of Ekman layer. Consequently, nearby the 200 meters isobaths, the water is exported to the open ocean near seabed associated with diurnal tide.