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1
Rajpaul, V. M., S. Aigrain, and L. A. Buchhave. "A robust, template-free approach to precise radial velocity extraction." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492, no. 3 (January 3, 2020): 3960–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3599.
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ABSTRACT Doppler spectroscopy is a powerful tool for discovering and characterizing exoplanets. For decades, the standard approach to extracting radial velocities (RVs) has been to cross-correlate observed spectra with a weighted template mask. While still widely used, this approach is known to suffer numerous drawbacks, and so in recent years increasing attention has been paid to developing new and improved ways of extracting RVs. In this proof-of-concept paper, we present a simple yet powerful approach to RV extraction. We use Gaussian processes to model and align all pairs of spectra with each other; we combine the pairwise RVs thus obtained to produce accurate differential stellar RVs, without constructing any template. Doing this on a highly localized basis enables a data-driven approach to identifying and mitigating spectral contamination, even without the input of any prior astrophysical knowledge. We show that a crude implementation of this method applied to an inactive standard star yields RVs with comparable precision to and significantly lower rms variation than RVs from industry-standard pipelines. Though amenable to numerous improvements, even in its basic form presented here our method could facilitate the study of smaller planets around a wider variety of stars than has previously been possible.
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Benvenuti, Cinzia, Carlo Minganti, Giancarlo Condello, Laura Capranica, and Antonio Tessitore. "Agility assessment in female futsal and soccer players." Medicina 46, no. 6 (June 12, 2010): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina46060058.
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Agility is the player’s capability to perform rapid whole-body movement with change of velocity or direction in response to a stimulus. The aims of this study were as follows: 1) to assess the reliability of a reactive visual stimuli agility field test (RVS-T); and 2) to evaluate differences in RVS-T and planned (PVS-T) agility performances between female soccer and futsal players. Material and methods. Sixty-six female players belonging to Italian teams of regional level were recruited to the study. The experimental apparatus consisted of four lighted spherical visual stimuli connected to a computer able to randomly generate three different sequences. Differences between RVS-T and PVS-T performances were calculated to evaluate the decision-making time (DMT) of players. Results. The intraclass reliability coeffi cient for RVS-T was 0.80. Significant (P<0.05) differences emerged only for RVS-T (futsal, 17.3±0.5 s; soccer, 18.8±1.1 s) and DMT (futsal, 2.6±0.6 s; soccer, 4.1±1.2 s), whereas similar performances between groups resulted for PVS-T (futsal, 14.7±0.6 s; soccer, 14.6±0.6 s). Conclusions. The RVS-T proved to be a reliable tool to evaluate agility in field conditions. Futsal players showed better RVS-T and DMT performances with respect to soccer counterparts, probably due to the higher velocity of actions and faster decision-making of their sport. The lack of difference in PVS-T performances confi rms the importance to evaluate agility capabilities of players in both planned and reactive conditions.
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Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, Thibault Merle, Sophie Van Eck, Alain Jorissen, and Tomaž Zwitter. "Detection of spectroscopic binaries: lessons from the Gaia-ESO survey." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S330 (April 2017): 350–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317006767.
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AbstractThe Gaia-ESO survey (GES; Gilmore et al. (2012), Randich et al. (2013)) is a spectroscopic survey complementing the Gaia mission to bring accurate radial velocities and chemical abundances for 105 stars. Merle et al. (submitted to A&A; see also this volume) developped a tool (DOE) to detect multiple peaks in the cross-correlation functions (CCFs) of GES spectra. Using the GIRAFFE HR10 and HR21 settings, we were able to compare the efficiency of our SB detection tool depending on the wavelength range and resolution. We show that a careful design of CCF masks can improve the detection rate in the HR21 settings. HR21 spectra are similar to the ones produced by the RVS spectrograph of the Gaia mission, though the lower resolution of RVS spectra may result in a lower detection efficiency than the case of HR21. Analysis of RVS spectra in the context of spectroscopic binaries can take advantage of the lessons learnt from the GES to maximize the detection rate.
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van Zyl, W. B., N. A. Page, W. O. K. Grabow, A. D. Steele, and M. B. Taylor. "Molecular Epidemiology of Group A Rotaviruses in Water Sources and Selected Raw Vegetables in Southern Africa." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 7 (July 2006): 4554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02119-05.
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ABSTRACT Group A rotaviruses (RVs) are the most important cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children. In this study raw and treated drinking water supplies at plants in two geographic areas, as well as selected irrigation water and corresponding raw vegetables in three regions of southern Africa, were screened for the presence of RVs using molecular techniques. Group A RVs were detected in 11.8% of partially treated and 1.7% of finally treated drinking water samples and in 14% of irrigation water samples and 1.7% of corresponding raw vegetable samples. Type-specific reverse transcriptase-PCR and sequence analysis revealed the presence of multiple types (G1, G2, G8, and G9) in irrigation water and single types (G1 or G3) in raw and treated drinking water. Group A RVs detected in all samples consisted of mixed P types (P[4], P[6], P[8], and P[9]), with P[6] predominating. The detection of types G8, G9, and P[6] reflects the emergence of these types in clinical infections. The similarity of environmental types to those in patients with clinical RV infections confirms the value of wastewater screening as a tool for assessing RVs circulating in communities, with the benefit of detecting types that cause both clinical and subclinical infections. The results provide new information on RV types in water and related environments and identify the potential risk of waterborne transmission. In addition, the presence of RVs in drinking water underlines shortcomings in quality specifications. These data provide valuable information regarding the prevalence of RVs in environmental sources, with important implications for vaccine development.
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Chaayra, Toufik, Hussain Ben-azza, and Faissal El Bouanani. "A Closed-Form Approximation to the Distribution for the Sum of Independent Non-identically Generalized Gamma Variates and Applications." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.080104.
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Evaluating the sum of independent and not necessarily identically distributed (i.n.i.d) random variables (RVs) is essential to study different variables linked to various scientific fields, particularly, in wireless communication channels. However, it is difficult to evaluate the distribution of this sum when the number of RVs increases. Consequently, the complex contour integral will be difficult to determine. Considering this issue, a more accurate approximation of the distribution function is required. By assuming the probability density function (PDF) of a generalized gamma (GG) RV evaluated in terms of a proper subset H1,0 1,1 class of Fox’s H-function (FHF) and the moment-based approximation to estimate the FHF parameters, a closed-form tight approximate expression for the distribution of the sum of i.n.i.d GG RVs and a sufficient condition for the convergence are investigated. The proposed approximate may be an analytical useful tool for analyzing the performance of certain numbers branch maximal-ratio combining receivers subject to GG fading channels. Hence, various closed-form performance metrics are derived and examined in terms of FHF. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results.
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Kanai, Yuta, Misa Onishi, Takahiro Kawagishi, Pimfhun Pannacha, Jeffery A. Nurdin, Ryotaro Nouda, Moeko Yamasaki, et al. "Reverse Genetics Approach for Developing Rotavirus Vaccine Candidates Carrying VP4 and VP7 Genes Cloned from Clinical Isolates of Human Rotavirus." Journal of Virology 95, no. 2 (October 21, 2020): e01374-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01374-20.
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ABSTRACTSpecies A rotaviruses (RVs) are a leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis in infants and children younger than 5 years. Currently available RV vaccines were adapted from wild-type RV strains by serial passage of cultured cells or by reassortment between human and animal RV strains. These traditional methods require large-scale screening and genotyping to obtain vaccine candidates. Reverse genetics is a tractable, rapid, and reproducible approach to generating recombinant RV vaccine candidates carrying any VP4 and VP7 genes that provide selected antigenicity. Here, we developed a vaccine platform by generating recombinant RVs carrying VP4 (P[4] and P[8]), VP7 (G1, G2, G3, G8, and G9), and/or VP6 genes cloned from human RV clinical samples using the simian RV SA11 strain (G3P[2]) as a backbone. Neutralization assays using monoclonal antibodies and murine antisera revealed that recombinant VP4 and VP7 monoreassortant viruses exhibited altered antigenicity. However, replication of VP4 monoreassortant viruses was severely impaired. Generation of recombinant RVs harboring a chimeric VP4 protein for SA11 and human RV gene components revealed that the VP8* fragment was responsible for efficient infectivity of recombinant RVs. Although this system must be improved because the yield of vaccine viruses directly affects vaccine manufacturing costs, reverse genetics requires less time than traditional methods and enables rapid production of safe and effective vaccine candidates.IMPORTANCE Although vaccines have reduced global RV-associated hospitalization and mortality over the past decade, the multisegmented genome of RVs allows reassortment of VP4 and VP7 genes from different RV species and strains. The evolutionary dynamics of novel RV genotypes and their constellations have led to great genomic and antigenic diversity. The reverse genetics system is a powerful tool for manipulating RV genes, thereby controlling viral antigenicity, growth capacity, and pathogenicity. Here, we generated recombinant simian RVs (strain SA11) carrying heterologous VP4 and VP7 genes cloned from clinical isolates and showed that VP4- or VP7-substituted chimeric viruses can be used for antigenic characterization of RV outer capsid proteins and as improved seed viruses for vaccine production.
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Harirchian, Ehsan, Tom Lahmer, Sreekanth Buddhiraju, Kifaytullah Mohammad, and Amir Mosavi. "Earthquake Safety Assessment of Buildings through Rapid Visual Screening." Buildings 10, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10030051.
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Earthquake is among the most devastating natural disasters causing severe economical, environmental, and social destruction. Earthquake safety assessment and building hazard monitoring can highly contribute to urban sustainability through identification and insight into optimum materials and structures. While the vulnerability of structures mainly depends on the structural resistance, the safety assessment of buildings can be highly challenging. In this paper, we consider the Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) method, which is a qualitative procedure for estimating structural scores for buildings suitable for medium- to high-seismic cases. This paper presents an overview of the common RVS methods, i.e., FEMA P-154, IITK-GGSDMA, and EMPI. To examine the accuracy and validation, a practical comparison is performed between their assessment and observed damage of reinforced concrete buildings from a street survey in the Bingöl region, Turkey, after the 1 May 2003 earthquake. The results demonstrate that the application of RVS methods for preliminary damage estimation is a vital tool. Furthermore, the comparative analysis showed that FEMA P-154 creates an assessment that overestimates damage states and is not economically viable, while EMPI and IITK-GGSDMA provide more accurate and practical estimation, respectively.
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Zechmeister, M., A. Reiners, P. J. Amado, M. Azzaro, F. F. Bauer, V. J. S. Béjar, J. A. Caballero, et al. "Spectrum radial velocity analyser (SERVAL)." Astronomy & Astrophysics 609 (December 22, 2017): A12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731483.
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Context. The CARMENES survey is a high-precision radial velocity (RV) programme that aims to detect Earth-like planets orbiting low-mass stars. Aims. We develop least-squares fitting algorithms to derive the RVs and additional spectral diagnostics implemented in the SpEctrum Radial Velocity AnaLyser (SERVAL), a publicly available python code. Methods. We measured the RVs using high signal-to-noise templates created by coadding all available spectra of each star. We define the chromatic index as the RV gradient as a function of wavelength with the RVs measured in the echelle orders. Additionally, we computed the differential line width by correlating the fit residuals with the second derivative of the template to track variations in the stellar line width. Results. Using HARPS data, our SERVAL code achieves a RV precision at the level of 1 m/s. Applying the chromatic index to CARMENES data of the active star YZ CMi, we identify apparent RV variations induced by stellar activity. The differential line width is found to be an alternative indicator to the commonly used full width half maximum. Conclusions. We find that at the red optical wavelengths (700–900 nm) obtained by the visual channel of CARMENES, the chromatic index is an excellent tool to investigate stellar active regions and to identify and perhaps even correct for activity-induced RV variations.
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Park, Je-Woo, Jae-Myung Kim, Ji-Min Kim, and Seung-Han Lee. "Acute Thiamine Deficiency Detected by Video Head Impulse Test in a Patient with Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma." Research in Vestibular Science 22, no. 2 (June 15, 2023): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2023.22.2.52.
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Thiamine deficiency may cause Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) characterized by ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion. Aside from the triad of cardinal symptoms, selective or predominant impairments of bilateral horizontal canals may be observed in WE. Here, we report a patient with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-lymphoma complicated by an early stage of WE due to thiamine deficiency manifesting bilateral vestibular dysfunctions. A 78-year-old man recently diagnosed gastric MALT-lymphoma presented with dizziness and disequilibrium for several weeks. He showed mild imbalance while tandem walking and abnormal catch-up saccades bilaterally during bedside head impulse test (HIT). Video HIT revealed decreased vestibulo-ocular reflex gains with catch-up saccades for the bilateral horizontal and several vertical canals. Diagnostic work-up demonstrated decreased serum thiamine and lesions in the mammillary body and periaqueductal gray matter on brain magnetic resonance images. Furthermore, with thiamine replacement, his clinical symptoms were markedly improved. Also, vestibular symptoms and signs may be an early manifestation of WE, and video HIT could be a useful diagnostic tool to aid early detections.
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An, Yong-Hwi, Jung Ho Choi, Seung Yeon Jeon, and Hyun Joon Shim. "Difference of Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials between Bone-Conduction and Air-Conduction in Patients with Nonspecific Dizziness." Research in Vestibular Science 21, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2022.21.4.93.
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Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the difference of the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) stimulated by bone-conduction (BC) and air-conduction (AC) in patients with nonspecific dizziness.Methods: Twenty-eight dizzy patients (56 ears) and 15 subjects (30 ears) as normal control was enrolled. Responses of BC- and AC-cVEMP were recorded sequentially in both groups. cVEMP parameters including latencies, inter-latencies intervals, amplitudes, and interaural amplitude asymmetry were analyzed and compared.Results: Among the patients with nonspecific dizziness, AC-cVEMP responses were clearly detected in all 56 ears while BC-cVEMP responses were detected in 32 ears (57.1%). Amplitudes of BC-cVEMP were significantly smaller than those of AC-cVEMP in all patients with BC-cVEMP response. There was no difference in latencies, inter-latencies intervals, and interaural amplitude asymmetry ratios between BC- and AC-cVEMP. There was no significant difference in BCand AC-cVEMP between the dizzy and control groups.Conclusions: BC-cVEMP is not clinically useful in comparison to AC-cVEMP for the evaluation of nonspecific dizziness. An effective stimulation tool for BC is necessary to provoke more reliable responses of BC-cVEMP.
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Siegel, Jared C., Ryan A. Rubenzahl, Samuel Halverson, and Andrew W. Howard. "Into the Depths: A New Activity Metric for High-precision Radial Velocity Measurements Based on Line Depth Variations." Astronomical Journal 163, no. 6 (May 11, 2022): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac609a.
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Abstract The discovery and characterization of extrasolar planets using radial velocity (RV) measurements is limited by noise sources from the surfaces of host stars. Current techniques to suppress stellar magnetic activity rely on decorrelation using an activity indicator (e.g., strength of the Ca ii lines, width of the cross-correlation function, broadband photometry) or measurement of the RVs using only a subset of spectral lines that have been shown to be insensitive to activity. Here, we combine the above techniques by constructing a high-signal-to-noise activity indicator, the depth metric ( t ) , from the most activity-sensitive spectral lines using the “line-by-line” method of Dumusque (2018). Analogous to photometric decorrelation of RVs or Gaussian progress regression modeling of activity indices, time series modeling of ( t ) reduces the amplitude of magnetic activity in RV measurements; in an αCenB RV time series from HARPS, the RV rms was reduced from 2.67 to 1.02 m s−1. ( t ) modeling enabled us to characterize injected planetary signals as small as 1 m s−1. In terms of noise reduction and injected signal recovery, ( t ) modeling outperforms activity mitigation via the selection of activity-insensitive spectral lines. For Sun-like stars with activity signals on the m s−1 level, the depth metric independently tracks rotationally modulated and multiyear stellar activity with a level of quality similar to that of the FWHM of the CCF and log R HK ′ . The depth metric and its elaborations will be a powerful tool in the mitigation of stellar magnetic activity, particularly as a means of connecting stellar activity to physical processes within host stars.
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Schaefer, Blanca, Hanna Ehlert, Lisa Kemp, Kristina Hoesl, Verena Schrader, Clarissa Warnecke, and Frank Herrmann. "Stern, gwiazda or star: Screening receptive vocabulary skills across languages in monolingual and bilingual German–Polish or German–Turkish children using a tablet application." Child Language Teaching and Therapy 35, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265659018810334.
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There is a need to provide bilingual assessments and reference data to identify those who struggle to acquire their heritage language (L1) or the language spoken in the country of residence (L2). However, bilingual assessments and data are still sparse. Therefore, the aim was to use a tablet application to screen receptive vocabulary in different languages and discuss this data in the context of lexical acquisition theories. Forty-four monolingual German, 15 bilingual German–Polish and 21 German–Turkish-speaking children aged between 3;5 (3 years and 5 months) and 6;1 were assessed. All children completed the German version of the Receptive Vocabulary Screener (RVS), a tablet application testing 20 nouns and 20 verbs, and two standardized vocabulary sub-tests. Additionally, the bilingual children completed the Turkish or Polish version of the RVS. Internal consistency showed that the RVS is a reliable tool for research purposes and validity was confirmed by significant and moderate to strong correlations with the two standardized vocabulary sub-tests. Monolingual children outperformed bilingual children when performance comparisons were solely based on the German items. However, group differences were not significant when total vocabulary was used, i.e. the number of words bilingual children named across both versions. For bilingual children, L1 and L2 scores did not differ, i.e. they showed a similar performance on the L1/L2 subtest. Paternal education, but not maternal education, was significantly correlated to vocabulary scores. Children with more translation equivalents, i.e. words they know in both languages, and with a higher level of language proficiency showed higher scores on the screener. The app provided a valuable opportunity to assess lexical knowledge across different languages. Results indicated that total vocabulary and translation equivalents must be considered to evaluate bilingual children’s lexical knowledge.
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Bloomfield, Katherine, Zhenqiang Wu, Annie Tatton, Cheryl Calvert, Nancye Peel, Ruth Hubbard, Hamish Jamieson, et al. "An interRAI derived frailty index predicts acute hospitalizations in older adults residing in retirement villages: A prospective cohort study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): e0264715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264715.
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Objectives The development of frailty tools from electronically recorded healthcare data allows frailty assessments to be routinely generated, potentially beneficial for individuals and healthcare providers. We wished to assess the predictive validity of a frailty index (FI) derived from interRAI Community Health Assessment (CHA) for outcomes in older adults residing in retirement villages (RVs), elsewhere called continuing care retirement communities. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting and participants 34 RVs across two district health boards in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). 577 participants, mean age 81 years; 419 (73%) female; 410 (71%) NZ European, 147 (25%) other European, 8 Asian (1%), 7 Māori (1%), 1 Pasifika (<1%), 4 other (<1%). Methods interRAI-CHA FI tool was used to stratify participants into fit (0–0.12), mild (>0.12–0.24), moderate (>0.24–0.36) and severe (>0.36) frail groups at baseline (the latter two grouped due to low numbers of severely frail). Primary outcome was acute hospitalization; secondary outcomes included long-term care (LTC) entry and mortality. The relationship between frailty and outcomes were explored with multivariable Cox regression, estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results Over mean follow-up of 2.5 years, 33% (69/209) of fit, 58% (152/260) mildly frail and 79% (85/108) moderate-severely frail participants at baseline had at least one acute hospitalization. Compared to the fit group, significantly increased risk of acute hospitalization were identified in mildly frail (adjusted HR = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.41–2.51, p<0.001) and moderate-severely frail (adjusted HR = 3.52, 95%CI = 2.53–4.90, p<0.001) groups. Similar increased risk in moderate-severely frail participants was seen in LTC entry (adjusted HR = 5.60 95%CI = 2.47–12.72, p<0.001) and mortality (adjusted HR = 5.06, 95%CI = 1.71–15.02, p = 0.003). Conclusions and implications The FI derived from interRAI-CHA has robust predictive validity for acute hospitalization, LTC entry and mortality. This adds to the growing literature of use of interRAI tools in this way and may assist healthcare providers with rapid identification of frailty.
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Dodson-Robinson, Sarah E., Victor Ramirez Delgado, Justin Harrell, and Charlotte L. Haley. "Magnitude-squared Coherence: A Powerful Tool for Disentangling Doppler Planet Discoveries from Stellar Activity." Astronomical Journal 163, no. 4 (March 15, 2022): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac52ed.
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Abstract If Doppler searches for Earth-mass, habitable planets are to succeed, observers must be able to identify and model out stellar activity signals. Here we demonstrate how to diagnose activity signals by calculating the magnitude-squared coherence C ˆ xy 2 ( f ) between an activity-indicator time series x t and the radial-velocity (RV) time series y t . Since planets only cause modulation in RV, not in activity indicators, a high value of C ˆ xy 2 ( f ) indicates that the signal at frequency f has a stellar origin. We use Welch’s method to measure coherence between activity indicators and RVs in archival observations of GJ 581, α Cen B, and GJ 3998. High RV-Hα coherence at the frequency of GJ 3998 b and high RV-S index coherence at the frequency of GJ 3998c, indicate that the planets may actually be stellar signals. We also replicate previous results showing that GJ 581 d and g are rotation harmonics and demonstrate that α Cen B has activity signals that are not associated with rotation. Welch’s power spectrum estimates have cleaner spectral windows than Lomb–Scargle periodograms, improving our ability to estimate rotation periods. We find that the rotation period of GJ 581 is 132 days, with no evidence of differential rotation. Welch’s method may yield unacceptably large bias for data sets with N < 75 observations and works best on data sets with N > 100. Tapering the time-domain data can reduce the bias of the Welch’s power spectrum estimator, but observers should not apply tapers to data sets with extremely uneven observing cadence. A software package for calculating magnitude-squared coherence and Welch’s power spectrum estimates is available on github.
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Al.harbi, Hussain Hadi. "The Effect of Difference of Visual Stimuli in Photo Sharing Websites (Instagram) on Cognitive Achievement for Secondary Students in the Curriculum of Computer and Information Technology." International Research in Higher Education 2, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/irhe.v2n3p34.
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The study aims to clarify the effect of the difference of visual stimuli in Photo Sharing websites (Instagram) on cognitive achievement for secondary education students in computer and information technology curriculum through the answer of the following question: What is the effect different visual stimuli in PSW (Instagram) on the cognitive achievement for secondary education students in the computer and information technology curriculum? To answer this question, two different accounts in Instagram were signed up: the first account's subject was visual stimuli (Real Visual Stimuli) and the second's was visual stimuli (Graphical Visual Stimuli). The sample was (60) students of Al-Hateem Secondary School in Jeddah. The sample has been divided into two homogeneous groups. The first has been taught using RVS, and the second has been taught using GVS. A research tool (achievement test) has been applied for the experimental groups after the confirmation of validity and reliability of the achievement test.
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Marchenko, D., and K. Matvyeyeva. "Theoretical research of the technology of finishing cylinders with antifriction materials." Problems of tribology 100, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-100-2-65-70.
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The article analyzes the research aimed at the use of various materials, additives and additives to oils. It is established that their application is mainly limited to the stages of operation, bench and operational running-in. The use of antifriction materials at the stage of processing the parts of internal combustion engines, limiting the resource, is small, despite the fact that such treatment reduces the running-in time and improves the finish of the friction surfaces. Theoretical calculation of the parameters of the working surface of the engine cylinder liner during their finishing using special antifriction materials showed a 2-fold increase in the bearing surface (from 0.2 to 0.4 of the nominal surface area at the level of the middle line of the profile) and a roughness of 0.27 μm, which is close to the values after the bench run-in. This proves the possibility of using this treatment in order to reduce the time of preparation of CNG and improve the characteristics of the surfaces to be worked. It is established that the finishing of engine cylinder liners with antifriction materials should be carried out at the contact pressure of the working tool (brass bars) on the surface of the sleeve 3 MPa, the speed of the working tool 5.5 m/s, the processing time of the sleeve 20 min. Finishing of sleeves with use of compositions TSK-B100 + SURM-KV, SURM-UO and RVS allows to reduce mechanical losses on friction in TsPG by 5-19% at the beginning of process of running in after processing in comparison with mechanical losses at the end of cold running in without finishing sleeves; to obtain the roughness parameters after finishing the same as after cold running in without additional processing of the sleeves; increase the bearing surface by 2 - 2.5 times (from 0.2 - 0.25 to 0.4 - 0.5 of the nominal surface area at the level of the middle line of the profile), which confirms the calculated data. The final treatment of sleeves with compositions based on antifriction materials TSK-B100 + SURM-KV, SURM-UO and RVS allows to provide values of parameters of a working surface of sleeves (reduction of roughness, increase of a basic surface) approaching their values after cold running in, therefore allows to increase contact loadings. in the connection "sleeve - piston ring" after this treatment and reduce the time of the bench run-in (to the values required for the attachment of other engine connections).
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Binnenfeld, A., S. Shahaf, and S. Zucker. "USuRPER: Unit-sphere representation periodogram for full spectra." Astronomy & Astrophysics 642 (October 2020): A146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039001.
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We introduce an extension of the periodogram concept to time-resolved spectroscopy. USuRPER, the unit-sphere representation periodogram, is a novel technique that opens new horizons in the analysis of astronomical spectra. It can be used to detect a wide range of periodic variability of the spectrum shape. Essentially, the technique is based on representing spectra as unit vectors in a multidimensional hyperspace, hence its name. It is an extension of the phase-distance correlation periodogram we had introduced in previous papers, to very high-dimensional data such as spectra. USuRPER takes the overall shape of the spectrum into account, which means that it does not need to be reduced into a single quantity such as radial velocity or temperature. Through simulations, we demonstrate its performance in various types of spectroscopic variability: single-lined and double-lined spectroscopic binary stars, and pulsating stars. We also show its performance on actual data of a rapidly oscillating Ap star. USuRPER is a new tool to explore large time-resolved spectroscopic databases such as APOGEE, LAMOST, and the RVS spectra of Gaia. We have made a public GitHub repository with a Python implementation of USuRPER available to the community, to experiment with it and apply it to a wide range of spectroscopic time series.
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Linardic, Corinne Mary. "Abstract SY23-03: Rhabdomyosarcoma: New research tools for precision medicine." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): SY23–03—SY23–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-sy23-03.
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Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a cancer of skeletal muscle histogenesis and the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood. Despite decades of basic and clinical research, survival for patients with high-risk disease has not improved since the 1970s, remaining <30% at five years. Genomic landscape studies have identified the most frequently occurring alterations, parsing out fusion-negative RMS driven by RAS pathway mutations, and fusion-positive RMS driven by signature fusion genes including PAX3-FOXO1. However, this information has not yet translated into improved outcomes. Here, we highlight multi-institutional efforts to generate new tools for RMS precision medicine, including the NCI FusOnC2 Cancer Moonshot program to target PAX3-FOXO1, the NCI CCDI Molecular Characterization Initiative to analyze every child’s RMS tumor nucleic acids, and the application of machine learning to RMS tumor images to predict molecular subtype and improve risk stratification. Citation Format: Corinne Mary Linardic. Rhabdomyosarcoma: New research tools for precision medicine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr SY23-03.
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Lim, Ho-Jae, Jung-Eun Park, Min-Young Park, Joo-Hwan Baek, Sunkyung Jung, Nackmoon Sung, Jae-Hyun Yang, Min-Woo Lee, Sun-Hwa Lee, and Yong-Jin Yang. "Assay System for Simultaneous Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses." Diagnostics 11, no. 6 (June 13, 2021): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11061084.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) triggers disease with nonspecific symptoms that overlap those of infections caused by other seasonal respiratory viruses (RVs), such as the influenza virus (Flu) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). A molecular assay for accurate and rapid detection of RV and SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to manage these infections. Here, we compared the analytical performance and clinical reliability of Allplex™ SARS-CoV-2/FluA/FluB/RSV (SC2FabR; Seegene Inc., Seoul, South Korea) kit with those of four commercially available RV detection kits. Upon testing five target viral strains (SARS-CoV-2, FluA, FluB, RSV A, and RSV B), the analytical performance of SC2FabR was similar to that of the other kits, with no significant difference (p ≥ 0.78) in z-scores. The efficiency of SC2FabR (E-value, 81–104%) enabled reliable SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal RV detection in 888 nasopharyngeal swab specimens processed using a fully automated nucleic acid extraction platform. Bland–Altman analyses revealed an agreement value of 95.4% (SD ± 1.96) for the kits, indicating statistically similar results for all five. In conclusion, SC2FabR is a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool for both SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal RV detection, allowing for high-throughput RV analysis with efficiency comparable to that of commercially available kits. This can be used to help manage respiratory infections in patients during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
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Kiefer, F., G. Hébrard, A. Lecavelier des Etangs, E. Martioli, S. Dalal, and A. Vidal-Madjar. "Determining the true mass of radial-velocity exoplanets with Gaia." Astronomy & Astrophysics 645 (December 21, 2020): A7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039168.
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Mass is one of the most important parameters for determining the true nature of an astronomical object. Yet, many published exoplanets lack a measurement of their true mass, in particular those detected as a result of radial-velocity (RV) variations of their host star. For those examples, only the minimum mass, or m sin i, is known, owing to the insensitivity of RVs to the inclination of the detected orbit compared to the plane of the sky. The mass that is given in databases is generally that of an assumed edge-on system (~90°), but many other inclinations are possible, even extreme values closer to 0° (face-on). In such a case, the mass of the published object could be strongly underestimated by up to two orders of magnitude. In the present study, we use GASTON, a recently developed tool taking advantage of the voluminous Gaia astrometric database to constrain the inclination and true mass of several hundreds of published exoplanet candidates. We find nine exoplanet candidates in the stellar or brown dwarf (BD) domain, among which six were never characterized. We show that 30 Ari B b, HD 141937 b, HD 148427 b, HD 6718 b, HIP 65891 b, and HD 16760 b have masses larger than 13.5 MJ at 3σ. We also confirm the planetary nature of 27 exoplanets, including HD 10180 c, d and g. Studying the orbital periods, eccentricities, and host-star metallicities in the BD domain, we found distributions with respect to true masses consistent with other publications. The distribution of orbital periods shows of a void of BD detections below ~100 d, while eccentricity and metallicity distributions agree with a transition between BDs similar to planets and BDs similar to stars in the range 40–50 MJ.
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Ito, Seigo, Hiroyuki Nakashima, Takuya Ishikiriyama, Masahiro Nakashima, Akira Yamagata, Toshihiko Imakiire, Manabu Kinoshita, Shuhji Seki, Hiroo Kumagai, and Naoki Oshima. "Effects of a CCR2 antagonist on macrophages and Toll-like receptor 9 expression in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 321, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): F757—F770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00191.2021.
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We classified kidney macrophages (Mφs) into bone marrow-derived (BM-) macrophages expressing high CD11b and tissue-specific resident (Res-) macrophages expressing low CD11b. In diabetic nephropathy (DN) model mice, TLR9 expression and TNF-α production via TLR9 activation in BM-Mφs and ROS production in Res-Mφs were enhanced. Furthermore, CCR2 antagonist suppressed the kidney infiltration of BM-Mφs and their function and the ROS production by Res-Mφs, with concomitant TLR9 suppression. Our study presents a new therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Kechagioglou, Petros, Camille Dupont, Hajime Yurugi, Alexey Chernobrovkin, Kristina Riegel, Stephen Cosenza, Steven M. Fruchtman, and Krishnaraj Rajalingam. "Abstract A020: CETSA profiling unveils novel targets engaged by anti-tumor drug rigosertib to inhibit RAS-MAPK signaling and trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation." Molecular Cancer Research 21, no. 5_Supplement (May 1, 2023): A020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3125.ras23-a020.
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Abstract Background: The importance of styryl benzyl sulfones that induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells has raised interest in cancer therapeutics. Rigosertib (ON 01910.Na) has been characterized as a disruptor of multiple signaling pathways including RAS-MAPK signaling through multiple mechanisms. The aim of our study was to further elucidate the mechanism of action and to identify potential novel targets engaged by rigosertib. Methods: Thermal shift, NanoBiT, in vitro tubulin polymerization and a variety of biochemical, molecular and cell biological assays were performed to characterize the binding of rigosertib to previously proposed targets and its effect on RAS-MAPK signaling and tumor cell survival. A mass spectrometry-based Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA-MS) that serves as a key tool to identify the targets in the entire proteome engaged by chemical ligands or small molecules of interest at physiological levels in cells, was conducted in multiple cell types to identify potential new protein targets of rigosertib. Results: Our data suggest that rigosertib exerts its inhibitory effect on RAS-MAPK signaling through ROS induced activation of JNK signaling. While we confirm that rigosertib might affect microtubules at higher concentrations, the main cellular target(s) responsible for the induction of stress and JNK-mediated inhibition of RAS-RAF-MEK signaling needs to be further characterized. By performing comparative CETSA profiling of rigosertib and colchicine, a classical anti mitotic drug that binds to soluble tubulin, we are able to identify unique targets of rigosertib in multiple tumor cell types. In particular, we identify two ROS-related proteins, ERO1A and NQO2 that potentially contribute to the induction of ROS-dependent JNK activation. NEK7, a relevant protein for microtubule organization and essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, is another potential target for rigosertib. Indeed, rigosertib activates NLRP3-dependent inflammatory responses via NEK7 and Caspase-1 to trigger IL-1β secretion. Conclusion: These results suggest that rigosertib may represent an effective compound for inhibition of RAS-MAPK signaling through ROS-mediated JNK activation. Our findings reveal a rigosertib-dependent mechanism for NLRP3 activation that might be the cause of rigosertib synergistic effect with immune checkpoint blockers to induce cell death in advanced KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer patients. This MOA suggests rigosertib can modulate the mutated RAS pathway no matter the mutation present, now confirmed with clinical data. Further clinical trials in a number of RAS mutated cancers are continuing. Citation Format: Petros Kechagioglou, Camille Dupont, Hajime Yurugi, Alexey Chernobrovkin, Kristina Riegel, Stephen Cosenza, Steven M. Fruchtman, Krishnaraj Rajalingam. CETSA profiling unveils novel targets engaged by anti-tumor drug rigosertib to inhibit RAS-MAPK signaling and trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting RAS; 2023 Mar 5-8; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2023;21(5_Suppl):Abstract nr A020.
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Chardon Fabian, Adrien, and Min Kyung An. "Introduction of a Method Using GIS to Generate Rendezvous Areas for Mobile Sinks in WSNs." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.309705.
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This paper proposes an algorithm to change the concept of rendezvous points (RPs), which have been commonly used in mobile sink routing problem of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to rendezvous areas (RAs) and to generate RAs by using geographic information system (GIS) tools. With the traditional RPs, a mobile sink must have visited the points, and possible deviations from the points would cause the mobile sink difficulty finding exact locations to collect data. However, with suggested RAs, the mobile sink is capable of receiving data from sensor nodes in an RA by visiting any points within the RA. It also reduces the traveling distance of the mobile sink, thereby prolonging its lifetime. With appropriate extensions with GIS tools, the algorithm can generate 3D RAs, which can be simulated in more realistic environments.
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Casals, Gregori, Meritxell Perramón, Eudald Casals, Irene Portolés, Guillermo Fernández-Varo, Manuel Morales-Ruiz, Victor Puntes, and Wladimiro Jiménez. "Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: A New Therapeutic Tool in Liver Diseases." Antioxidants 10, no. 5 (April 24, 2021): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050660.
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Oxidative stress induced by the overproduction of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been considered as a key pathogenic mechanism contributing to the initiation and progression of injury in liver diseases. Consequently, during the last few years antioxidant substances, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), resveratrol, colchicine, eugenol, and vitamins E and C have received increasing interest as potential therapeutic agents in chronic liver diseases. These substances have demonstrated their efficacy in equilibrating hepatic ROS metabolism and thereby improving liver functionality. However, many of these agents have not successfully passed the scrutiny of clinical trials for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, mainly due to their unspecificity and consequent uncontrolled side effects, since a minimal level of ROS is needed for normal functioning. Recently, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) have emerged as a new powerful antioxidant agent with therapeutic properties in experimental liver disease. CeO2NPs have been reported to act as a ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) scavenger and to have multi-enzyme mimetic activity, including SOD activity (deprotionation of superoxide anion into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide), catalase activity (conversion of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water), and peroxidase activity (reducing hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals). Consequently, the beneficial effects of CeO2NPs treatment have been reported in many different medical fields other than hepatology, including neurology, ophthalmology, cardiology, and oncology. Unlike other antioxidants, CeO2NPs are only active at pathogenic levels of ROS, being inert and innocuous in healthy cells. In the current article, we review the potential of CeO2NPs in several experimental models of liver disease and their safety as a therapeutic agent in humans as well.
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Pulford, Justin, Susie Crossman, Pierre Abomo, Jessica Amegee Quach, Sara Begg, Yan Ding, Taghreed El Hajj, and Imelda Bates. "Guidance and conceptual tools to inform the design, selection and evaluation of research capacity strengthening interventions." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 3 (March 2021): e005153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005153.
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This practice note presents four conceptual tools intended to support the design, selection and evaluation of research capacity strengthening (RCS) programmes in low-income and middle-income country settings. The tools may be used by a wide range of RCS stakeholders, including funders, implementing parties and programme evaluators, to guide decision-making in lieu of largely as yet unavailable empirical evidence. The first conceptual tool guides decision-making regarding RCS intervention design, focusing specifically on the combination and integration of potential intervention activities. The second conceptual tool provides a framework for assessing the implementation challenges of potential RCS interventions in terms of: (1) the overall cost of implementing the proposed intervention in a given context; (2) the length of time required to complete full implementation of the proposed intervention in a given context and (3) the level of control the implementing partners would have over the proposed intervention in a given context. The third conceptual tool provides a means to consider the anticipated impact of potential RCS interventions in order to inform selection decisions (ie, which out of a number of potential RCS intervention options may be most impactful in a given setting given the intervention design and implementation challenges). The fourth and final tool is designed to support the evaluation of a collective RCS effort, whether that be multiple RCS interventions delivered within the context of a single or continuous programme or multiple RCS programmes delivered in a common setting.
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Shi, Yan, Peng Cheng Zhang, Hong Xin Yue, and Lian He Guo. "Workspace Comparison Study of Two Plane-Symmetry Parallel Machine Tools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 1700–1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.1700.
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Workspaces of two plane-symmetry parallel machine tools whose limbs are composed of the revolute joint, the prismatic joint and the spherical joint were studied comparatively in this paper. Firstly, manipulators of the plane-symmetry 3-RPS parallel machine tool and the plane-symmetry 3-SPR parallel machine tool were introduced, and their simulation manipulators were given. Secondly, the workspaces of the plane-symmetry 3-RPS parallel machine tool and the plane-symmetry 3-SPR parallel machine tool were solved and expressed in the same figure on the basis of the computer aided geometric technique method, respectively. Lastly, indices measuring the workspace were defined, and workspaces of the plane-symmetry 3-RPS parallel machine tool and the plane-symmetry 3-SPR parallel machine tool were analyzed comparatively from two aspects: positional workspace and posture angle.
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Yoo, Seung-Joo, Dong-Yeop Shin, Ja Min Byun, Youngil Koh, and Sung-Soo Yoon. "Abstract 2713: RAS pathway activity inference using activity measurement tools with RNA-seq in blood cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2713.
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Abstract It is well known that variations of RAS oncogene appear in various cancers. Most variations in the RAS make role of GTPase abnormal active. Accordingly, many studies have been rencently conducted and inhibitor of KRAS G12C has been approved by Food and Drug Administration(FDA). However, further research on RAS pathway is still needed due to the limitation of cancer types and. In addition, treatment of the RAS pathway in blood cancer, as well as solid carcinoma, is necessary. To search for novel therapeutic targets, we first investigated hyperactivation of the pathways of RAS-mutated patients using activity measurement tools. We used normalized expression information from RNA-seq of AML and MM patients from the public database; The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation(MMRF) project. We identified the degree of RAS pathway and other downstream pathway activation. Among various pathway activity inference tools, we used two R-based tools named PROGENy(based on experimental results) and pathifier(based on principal component analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database) and compared scores from the tools in same samples. In addition, applying mutation profiling data, the activity scores were cross-checked against status of whether RAS is altered or not. In TCGA-LAML(n=179) and MMRF dataset(n=762), there were 23 and 155 samples that matched with RNA-sequencing and also have RAS (KRAS and NRAS) variation. Setting a cutoff for ‘high score’ as same as a percentage of RAS-altered samples in each dataset(LAML=12.8%, MMRF=20.3%), we found that many RAS-altered samples were not included in group of the high score. Only 26% and 21.7% (PROGENy, pathifier) of the RAS-altered samples were classified into high scores in TCGA-LAML, and 29.0% and 18.7% (PROGENy, pathifier) in MMRF. Also, we found several cases where PROGENy and pathifier showed opposite scores even though they were calculated using the same sample. We counted the number of cases where PROGENy and pathifier corresponded to the outer range of the first and third quantiles and had opposite values to each other; with MAPK(6.1% and 21.5%), PI3K(2.7% and 12.3%) and JAK-STAT(13.9% and 11.6%) in the TCGA and MMRF datasets. Accordingly, combination of PROGENy and pathifier resulted in the more enrichment of high score samples (LAML: 43.4% and MMRF: 44.5%, with MAPK pathway) in RAS-altered samples suggesting potential of ensemble to develop new classifier. In conclusion, we identified the pathway activity scores of the AML and RAS patient based on RAS mutation. Comparing the scores from different two activity inference tools, we confirmed that each tool could display different scores according to the pathway and that not all RAS-altered samples had higher activity scores in related pathways. Considering these results, we think that a more accurate inference approach is required by combining the measurement tools. Citation Format: Seung-Joo Yoo, Dong-Yeop Shin, Ja Min Byun, Youngil Koh, Sung-Soo Yoon. RAS pathway activity inference using activity measurement tools with RNA-seq in blood cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2713.
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Sardella, Eloisa, Valeria Veronico, Roberto Gristina, Loris Grossi, Savino Cosmai, Marinella Striccoli, Maura Buttiglione, Francesco Fracassi, and Pietro Favia. "Plasma Treated Water Solutions in Cancer Treatments: The Contrasting Role of RNS." Antioxidants 10, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040605.
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Plasma Treated Water Solutions (PTWS) recently emerged as a novel tool for the generation of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (ROS and RNS) in liquids. The presence of ROS with a strong oxidative power, like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), has been proposed as the main effector for the cancer-killing properties of PTWS. A protective role has been postulated for RNS, with nitric oxide (NO) being involved in the activation of antioxidant responses and cell survival. However, recent evidences proved that NO-derivatives in proper mixtures with ROS in PTWS could enhance rather than reduce the selectivity of PTWS-induced cancer cell death through the inhibition of specific antioxidant cancer defenses. In this paper we discuss the formation of RNS in different liquids with a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD), to show that NO is absent in PTWS of complex composition like plasma treated (PT)-cell culture media used for in vitro experiments, as well as its supposed protective role. Nitrite anions (NO2-) instead, present in our PTWS, were found to improve the selective death of Saos2 cancer cells compared to EA.hy926 cells by decreasing the cytotoxic threshold of H2O2 to non-toxic values for the endothelial cell line.
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Narayan, Aditee P., Shari A. Whicker, Betty B. Staples, Jack Bookman, Kathleen W. Bartlett, and Kathleen A. McGann. "Using an Innovative Curriculum Evaluation Tool to Inform Program Improvement: The Clinical Skills Fair." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-13-00190.1.
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Abstract Background Program evaluation is important for assessing the effectiveness of the residency curriculum. Limited resources are available, however, and curriculum evaluation processes must be sustainable and well integrated into program improvement efforts. Intervention We describe the pediatric Clinical Skills Fair, an innovative method for evaluating the effectiveness of residency curriculum through assessment of trainees in 2 domains: medical knowledge/patient care and procedure. Each year from 2008 to 2011, interns completed the Clinical Skills Fair as rising interns in postgraduate year (PGY)-1 (R1s) and again at the end of the year, as rising residents in PGY-2 (R2s). Trainees completed the Clinical Skills Fair at the beginning and end of the intern year for each cohort to assess how well the curriculum prepared them to meet the intern goals and objectives. Results Participants were 48 R1s and 47 R2s. In the medical knowledge/patient care domain, intern scores improved from 48% to 65% correct (P < .001). Significant improvement was demonstrated in the following subdomains: jaundice (41% to 65% correct; P < .001), fever (67% to 94% correct; P < .001), and asthma (43% to 62% correct; P = .002). No significant change was noted within the arrhythmia subdomain. There was significant improvement in the procedure domain for all interns (χ2 = 32.82, P < .001). Conclusions The Clinical Skills Fair is a readily implemented and sustainable method for our residency program curriculum assessment. Its feasibility may allow other programs to assess their curriculum and track the impact of programmatic changes; it may be particularly useful for program evaluation committees.
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Thase, Michael E., Stephen M. Stahl, Roger S. McIntyre, Tina Matthews-Hayes, Mehul Patel, Amanda Harrington, Vladimir Maletic, William clay Jackson, and Eduard Vieta. "Healthcare Provider Perspectives on Bipolar I Disorder Screening and the Rapid Mood Screener (RMS), a Pragmatic, New Tool." CNS Spectrums 26, no. 2 (April 2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852921000201.
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AbstractIntroductionAlthough mania is the hallmark symptom of bipolar I disorder (BD-I), most patients initially present for treatment with depressive symptoms. Misdiagnosis of BD-I as major depressive disorder (MDD) is common, potentially resulting in poor outcomes and inappropriate antidepressant monotherapy treatment. Screening patients with depressive symptoms is a practical strategy to help healthcare providers (HCPs) identify when additional assessment for BD-I is warranted. The new 6-item Rapid Mood Screener (RMS) is a pragmatic patient-reported BD-I screening tool that relies on easily understood terminology to screen for manic symptoms and other BD-I features in <2 minutes. The RMS was validated in an observational study in patients with clinically confirmed BD-I (n=67) or MDD (n=72). When 4 or more items were endorsed (“yes”), the sensitivity of the RMS for identifying patients with BP-I was 0.88 and specificity was 0.80; positive and negative predictive values were 0.80 and 0.88, respectively. To more thoroughly understand screening tool use among HCPs, a 10-minute survey was conducted.MethodsA nationwide sample of HCPs (N=200) was selected using multiple HCP panels; HCPs were asked to describe their opinions/current use of screening tools, assess the RMS, and evaluate the RMS versus the widely recognized Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). Results were reported by grouped specialties (primary care physicians, general nurse practitioners [NPs]/physician assistants [PAs], psychiatrists, and psychiatric NPs/PAs). Included HCPs were in practice <30 years, spent at least 75% of their time in clinical practice, saw at least 10 patients with depression per month, and diagnosed MDD or BD in at least 1 patient per month. Findings were reported using descriptive statistics; statistical significance was reported at the 95% confidence interval.ResultsAmong HCPs, 82% used a tool to screen for MDD, while 32% used a tool for BD. Screening tool attributes considered to be of the greatest value included sensitivity (68%), easy to answer questions (66%), specificity (65%), confidence in results (64%), and practicality (62%). Of HCPs familiar with screening tools, 70% thought the RMS was at least somewhat better than other screening tools. Most HCPs were aware of the MDQ (85%), but only 29% reported current use. Most HCPs (81%) preferred the RMS to the MDQ, and the RMS significantly outperformed the MDQ across valued attributes; 76% reported that they were likely to use the RMS to screen new patients with depressive symptoms. A total of 84% said the RMS would have a positive impact on their practice, with 46% saying they would screen more patients for bipolar disorder.DiscussionThe RMS was viewed positively by HCPs who participated in a brief survey. A large percentage of respondents preferred the RMS over the MDQ and indicated that they would use it in their practice. Collectively, responses indicated that the RMS is likely to have a positive impact on screening behavior.FundingAbbVie Inc.
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Jenek, Mariusz, Michał Ociepa, Waldemar Woźniak, Šárka Vilamová, and Eva Švecová. "Ecological Aspects in the Process of Turning Cast Iron with Coated Tools." Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 24 (2022): 360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54740/ros.2022.025.
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The article presents the research results on the influence of the PVD coating on the cutting tool on the surface roughness and energy consumption in the cast iron turning process. It was shown that using coated tools leads to obtaining a surface qualitatively corresponding to the ground surface and to reducing the power consumption of the machine tool. In addition, the process itself, carried out without a cooling and lubricating liquid, is more eco-friendly, as it excludes its use, disposal and negative environmental impact.
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Thurlow, Lance, and Anthony Richardson. "Aberrant insulin signaling results in mTOR suppression and immune dysfunction during diabetic infections. (INM7P.427)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2014): 123.5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.123.5.
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Abstract Diabetics have defects in several aspects of immunity that result in increased infection rates; however, the underlying mechanisms of immune dysfunction are not well defined. Previous studies in this area concluded that infections in diabetics are hyper-inflamed as indicated by increased cytokine production. Conversely, despite high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, our research shows that innate immune cells from diabetics cannot produce inflammatory effectors such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). ROS/RNS generation by immune cells is essential for killing bacteria and requires cells to undergo a metabolic shift reminiscent of Warburg metabolism. This shift is required for NADPH production, the sole reductant needed for ROS/RNS generation. Using murine infection models and cell culture, we show that Toll-like receptor signaling induces Warburg metabolism through activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Moreover, we show that mTOR signaling is suppressed in diabetics and results in decreased ROS/RNS generation and worse infection outcomes. Finally, we demonstrate that mTOR inhibition in diabetes is caused by the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a result of deficient insulin signaling. Thus, diabetic infections are not hyper-inflamed. Instead, immune dysfunction in diabetic infections is caused by aberrant insulin signaling resulting in mTOR suppression and diminished antimicrobial effector production.
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Zhang, Shenhui, Ming Tang, Xiulai Li, Boyi Liu, Bo Zhang, Fei Hu, Sirui Ni, and Jieren Cheng. "ROS-Ethereum: A Convenient Tool to Bridge ROS and Blockchain (Ethereum)." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (April 18, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7206494.
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Robot Operating System (ROS) has received widespread utilization with the development of robotics, self-driving, etc., recently. Meanwhile, the other technology blockchain is frequently applied to various fields with its trustworthy characteristics and immutability in data storage. However, ROS has no ability to interact with the blockchain, which hinders research in related fields. Therefore, we wonder if we can develop a convenient tool to bridge ROS and blockchain. Inspired by this, we propose ROS-Ethereum. It bridges ROS and Ethereum, a widely used blockchain platform. ROS-Ethereum is based on the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) communication mechanism and the SM algorithm family along with Ethereum technology. Simply put, ROS-Ethereum allows users to invoke the contract when interacting with the blockchain, which makes this process easier and safer. We conduct experiments in real robots to verify the effectiveness of ROS-Ethereum and evaluate it from the following metrics: (1) the encryption efficiency and stability of the algorithm and (2) ROS-Ethereum transaction response time and packet loss rate.
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de Holanda, Gustavo Sampaio, Samuel dos Santos Valença, Amabile Maran Carra, Renata Cristina Lopes Lichtenberger, Bianca de Castilho, Olavo Borges Franco, João Alfredo de Moraes, and Alberto Schanaider. "Translational Application of Fluorescent Molecular Probes for the Detection of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Associated with Intestinal Reperfusion Injury." Metabolites 11, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11120802.
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Acute mesenteric ischemia, caused by an abrupt interruption of blood flow in the mesenteric vessels, is associated with high mortality. When treated with surgical interventions or drugs to re-open the vascular lumen, the reperfusion process itself can inflict damage to the intestinal wall. Ischemia and reperfusion injury comprise complex mechanisms involving disarrangement of the splanchnic microcirculatory flow and impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain due to initial hypoxemia and subsequent oxidative stress during the reperfusion phase. This pathophysiologic process results in the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, which damage deoxyribonucleic acid, protein, lipids, and carbohydrates by autophagy, mitoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and apoptosis. Fluorescence-based systems using molecular probes have emerged as highly effective tools to monitor the concentrations and locations of these often short-lived ROS and RNS. The timely and accurate detection of both ROS and RNS by such an approach would help to identify early injury events associated with ischemia and reperfusion and increase overall clinical diagnostic sensitivity. This abstract describes the pathophysiology of intestinal ischemia and reperfusion and the early biological laboratory diagnosis using fluorescent molecular probes anticipating clinical decisions in the face of an extremely morbid disease.
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Amalina, Amalina, Darvi Mailisa Putri, and Prima Aswirna. "VALIDITAS PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN E-LEARNING BERBASIS EDMODO PADA MATA KULIAH ALJABAR LINEAR." Math Educa Journal 3, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/mej.v3i2.883.
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The purpose of this study is to describe the validity of Edmodo-based E-learning learning tools in linear algebra courses. Learning tools consist of RPS, Teaching Materials and Final Tests that are developed using the ADDIE model, namely Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation. The results of this study are Edmodo-based E-Learning learning tools in linear algebra courses for students of Mathematics Tadris FTK UIN Imam Bonjol Padang. Validation involves four validators, namely 3 mathematics education lecturers and 1 language education expert lecturer using a Likert scale learning tool validation sheet on RPS, Teaching Materials, and Final Tests. The results of the study of validity were stated to be very valid by the validators with the RPS obtaining an average score of 3.63, teaching materials obtained a score of 3.38, and the final test obtained a score of 3.41.
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Eng, Tiffany, Yun Wei, Qian Qin, Chuan Yan, Qiqi Yang, Alexandra Veloso, Karin McCarthy, and David Langenau. "Abstract A002: Dynamic single cell imaging of cancer stem cells and clonality in fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma." Clinical Cancer Research 28, no. 18_Supplement (September 15, 2022): A002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.sarcomas22-a002.
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Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) accounts for 50% of all soft-tissue childhood sarcomas and is characterized by tumor cells that molecularly and morphologically resemble undifferentiated skeletal muscle. Treatment involves an aggressive regimen of chemotherapy followed by surgical resection and/or radiation therapy. Although survival rates can be as high as 70-90% in low-risk or localized disease, patients with oligoclonal or relapsed disease have extremely poor prognoses. Thus, there is a clinical imperative to identify novel therapeutic targets, particularly ones that could reduce clonality and suppress cancer stem cell self-renewal. Our lab has recently shown that fusion-negative (FN-)RMS contain four dominant tumor cell states: proliferative, ground, mesenchymal cancer stem cells (mCSCs) and differentiated muscle. Importantly, the mCSCs are largely quiescent under normal growth conditions but re-enter the cell cycle to promote tumor growth following stress. This suggests that mCSCs are likely responsible for driving therapy resistance and relapse. Building on our previous successes in live imaging cancer stem cells using transgenic zebrafish models that express fluorophores under control of developmentally restricted muscle promoters, we are now developing similar approaches to drive fluorescent protein expression in human FN-RMS cell lines to trace lineage fate and to witness the division history of mCSCs in real time. Using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 gene inactivation and these newly developed tools, we are poised to identify new self-renewal pathways by the direct, live-cell imaging of FN-RMS engrafted into optically clear, immune-deficient zebrafish. In addition, we are also using tumor clonality as a surrogate of increased tumor aggression and cancer stem cell potential in the zebrafish RAS-induced RMS model. We have adapted the transgenic zebrafish model of kRASG12D-induced RMS to analyze tumor clonality using multispectral Zebrabow and GESTALT, a CRISPR barcoding technique that tracks cell fate. Using RMS-specific gene expression datasets that are associated with cancer stem cells, we are now screening for genes that elevate tumor clonality, increase tumor penetrance and accelerate tumor growth. Ultimately, by developing these lineage tracing tools in both human RMS cell lines and our transgenic Zebrafish RMS model, we will identify new modulators of the mCSC transcriptional cell states and possible therapeutic targets. Citation Format: Tiffany Eng, Yun Wei, Qian Qin, Chuan Yan, Qiqi Yang, Alexandra Veloso, Karin McCarthy, David Langenau. Dynamic single cell imaging of cancer stem cells and clonality in fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Sarcomas; 2022 May 9-12; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2022;28(18_Suppl):Abstract nr A002.
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Helda, Trisna, and Dina Ramadhanti. "ANALISIS DAN VALIDASI PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN SINTAKSIS BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) (ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF SYNTAX LEARNING TOOL BASED ONPROBLEM BASED LEARNING)." Metalingua: Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa 16, no. 2 (January 27, 2019): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/metalingua.v16i2.212.
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Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis PBL yang valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran pada mata kuliah Sintaksis. Perangkat pembelajaran itu terdiri atas RPS, SAP dan bahan ajar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model 4-D (four-D models). Dan penelitian ini baru sampai pada tahap pengembangan (develop), validasi berupa produk yaitu perangkat pembelajaran yang terdiri atas silabus, RPS, SAP dan bahan ajar, untuk mata kuliah Sintaksis.Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan dapat diperoleh hasil validasi perangkat pembelajaran(RPS, SAP dan buku ajar) sebagai berikut.Pertama, berdasarkan hasil validasi ahli dan praktisi RPS secara memperoleh nilai rata-rata 86,53 dengan kategori sangat valid. Kedua, berdasarkan hasil validasi ahli dan praktisi SAP secara memperoleh nilai rata-rata 84,65 dengan kategori sangat valid. Ketiga, berdasarkan hasil validasi ahli dan praktisi buku ajar secara memperoleh nilai rata-rata 85,66 dengan kategori sangat valid.Kata kunci: perangkat pembelajaran, berbasis problem base learning, sintaksis Abstract: This research was conducted to develop PBL-based learning tools that are valid, practical, and effective for use in the learning process in the course of Syntax. The learning tool consists of RPS, SAP and teaching materials. This type of research is development research using 4-D model (four-D models). And this research just to the stage of development (development), validation in the form of products that are learning tools consisting of syllabus, RPS, SAP and teaching materials, for subjects Syntax. Based on the results of the analysis that has been done can be obtained the validation of learning tools (RPS, SAP and textbooks) as follows. First, based on the validation results of experts and practitioners RPS obtained an average value of 86.53 with the category is very valid. Secondly, based on the validation results of experts and SAP practitioners obtained an average score of 84.65 with very valid category. Third, based on the results of validation of experts and practitioners of textbooks obtained an average score of 85.66 with very valid category. Keywords: learning tool, problem base base learning, syntax
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Constantin, George, Adrian Ghionea, Iount Ghionea, Claudiu Bîșu, and Doina Cioboată. "INTEGRATION OF CAD-RBS-FEM TECHNIQUES IN REFABRICATION OF A LATHE USED FOR PROFILING WHEELSET." International Journal "Advanced Quality" 45, no. 2 (June 22, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25137/ijaq.n2.v45.y2017.p27-35.
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The article deals with some analysis and design stages in the frame of refabrication of a machine tool of lathe type used for profiling/re-profiling of railway wheel set. The concept enables the principle of integration of computer aided design – CAD, Rigid Body Simulation – RBS and Finite Element Modelling – FEM applied to modernization of the conventional radial and longitudinal feed drives by redesigning them in terms of integrating them with CNC equipment, reusing the machine tool structure. The drives were designed as CAD models, transferred in RBS module and also in FEM one for simulation and analysis. Some analysis stages were achieved to uniquely define the performance of a machine tool, intimate knowledge of the cutting process, elucidate the specific characteristics of the driving systems and also of the specific elements of the machines, and knowledge of static and dynamic behaviour of elastic structures, tool holders and cutting tools. The results were used for drawing conclusions regarding the design and making some recommendations related to kinematic and dynamic and also cutting parameters, for running the machine tool under appropriate conditions.
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Badami, Marco, Gabriele Fambri, Salvatore Mancò, Mariapia Martino, Ioannis G. Damousis, Dimitrios Agtzidis, and Dimitrios Tzovaras. "A Decision Support System Tool to Manage the Flexibility in Renewable Energy-Based Power Systems." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010153.
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Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have taken on an increasingly important role in the energy mix in the last few years, and it has been forecasted that this trend will continue in the future. The energy production from these sources is not dispatchable, and the increasing penetration of RES in energy mixes may therefore lead to a progressive loss of generation control and predictability. It has become clear that, to reach higher RES penetration levels, it is essential to increase power system flexibility in order to ensure stable operations are maintained. An ICT (Information and Communication Technology) tool that may be used to manage and optimize the flexibility offered by energy storage and conversion systems is described in this paper with specific reference to the Decision Support System (DSS) developed within the H2020 PLANET (PLAnning and operational tools for optimizing energy flows and synergies between energy NETworks) project. The paper focuses on how the PLANET DSS tool evaluates, manages, and dispatches the flexibility of Power to Gas/Heat (P2X) technologies. Moreover, the tool has been used to analyze a realistic case in order to show how the PLANET DSS tool could be used to evaluate the energy and economic benefits of taking advantage of the flexibility of P2X technologies.
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Nishikawa-Pacher, Andreas. "Law Reviews, Open Metadata and RSS Feeds." Legal Information Management 22, no. 3 (September 2022): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669622000305.
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AbstractMost scientific publications have their metadata available as freely accessible and machine-readable information at CrossRef. However, student-edited law reviews have not followed suit with this practice. Consequently, a large part of legal research remains in a blind spot for scientometric analyses and tools. The present paper, by Andreas Nishikawa-Pacher, investigates whether the law reviews’ RSS feeds could serve as equivalent sources for open scholarly metadata. The suitability of RSS feeds from 51 student-edited law reviews (as indexed in Web of Science's Social Science Citation Index) was assessed with regards to three fictitious meta-scientific applications – namely (1) a ‘latest paper’-tool that lists the law reviews’ newest publications with links, abstracts and dates, (2) an author database and (3) a calculation of the mutual citation counts among different law reviews. This paper finds that only 21 law reviews offer functional RSS feeds, and while they were suitable for a basic ‘latest papers’-tool, due to their low metadata quality they cannot aid in generating an author database or in counting the mutual citations among law reviews. The result suggests that law reviews would be advised to adopt digital object identifiers (DOIs) and start depositing openly accessible metadata, for otherwise their scholarly impact and visibility will further decline.
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Et. al., D. Kondala Rao,. "Mathematical modelling of dominant features identification for tool wear monitoring in hard turning by using Acoustic emission." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 935–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1104.
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In machining processes generally tool wear will be obtained with varying proportions. In the present work, the number of dominant features, which affect the tool wear, are studied and computed on Inconel 718 as work material with varying hardness (51, 53&55HRC) levels. The condition monitoring was done on three tools namely uncoated carbide, coated carbide and ceramic tools. By using L9 Taguchi’s orthogonal array, speed, feed, depth of cut (DOC) and hardness are considered as input operating parameters. By indirect method of Acoustic emission (AE) technique, signals were collected using Lab VIEW software and dominating features were calculated using the MATLAB. The features were trained in neural network and got the relation between tool wear, surface roughness, temperature and features. The simulated data was analyzed by Grey relational analysis (GRA) and the dominating features ranking sequence was obtained for all the three tools and same ranking was also observed with ANOVA. Since there are no common influencing features among these three tools and hence further investigation continued with statistical mathematical modeling. With Akaike information criterion a mathematical model is developed to find the dominant features. By mathematical modeling the sequence in evaluating tool wear was found to be Kurtosis, Frequency, Variance, Mean and RMS and also a relation between tool wear and dominant features was developed which can be readily used by layman for calculating the tool wear.
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Kahn, Imran, Akiko Koide, Mariyam Zuberi, Gayatri Ketavarapu, Eric Denbaum, Kai Wen Teng, J. Matthew Rhett, et al. "Abstract B023: Inhibition of RAS signaling and tumorigenesis through targeting novel vulnerabilities." Molecular Cancer Research 21, no. 5_Supplement (May 1, 2023): B023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3125.ras23-b023.
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Abstract RAS GTPases are important mediators of oncogenesis with nearly 30% of human tumors harboring mutant RAS proteins. However, pharmacological inhibition of RAS has proven challenging. We have employed Monobody technology to discover novel vulnerabilities in RAS that can be exploited to inhibit RAS signaling and tumorigenesis. Monobodies are single-domain synthetic binding proteins that achieve levels of affinity and selectivity similar to antibodies. In contrast to antibodies, Monobodies are fully functional in the reducing environment of the cytoplasm and thus are particularly suitable as genetically encoded “tool biologics”. We previously developed the NS1 Monobody that inhibited RAS by targeting the α4-α5 allosteric lobe to prevent RAS self-association and nanoclustering, and NS1 has become a widely used tool in the RAS research community. Following on this success, we sought to identify additional vulnerabilities in RAS. Based on our discovery that nucleotide-free RAS (apoRAS) inhibits PIK3C2B function, we assessed the feasibility of selectively targeting this state of RAS as an approach to inhibit oncogenic RAS function. Here, we have developed several Monobodies and extensively characterized one of them, R15. Although NS1 was agnostic to the nucleotide state of RAS, R15 bound exclusively to the apo state of all three RAS isoforms but did not interact with nucleotide-loaded RAS. When expressed in cells, R15 selectively inhibited the signaling and transforming activity of RAS mutants with elevated intrinsic nucleotide exchange rates (i.e., “fast exchange mutants”), such as G13D and Q61L. Surprisingly, R15 bound and inhibited RAS(G12D) mutants which are not reported to be fast exchange. Biochemical studies demonstrated that RAS captured with R15 from cell lysates was indeed nucleotide free, suggesting that R15 traps apoRAS and prevents nucleotide reloading. Finally, intracellularly expressed R15 selectively inhibited the tumor forming capacity of human cell lines driven by fast exchange RAS mutants but not RAS(G12V) in mouse xenografts. Thus, in contrast to conventional wisdom, our approach has established a new opportunity to selectively inhibit certain RAS mutants by targeting the apo state of RAS with drug-like molecules. Citation Format: Imran Kahn, Akiko Koide, Mariyam Zuberi, Gayatri Ketavarapu, Eric Denbaum, Kai Wen Teng, J. Matthew Rhett, Russell Spencer-Smith, G. Aaron Hobbs, Earnest Ramsay Camp, Shohei Koide, John P. O'Bryan. Inhibition of RAS signaling and tumorigenesis through targeting novel vulnerabilities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting RAS; 2023 Mar 5-8; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2023;21(5_Suppl):Abstract nr B023.
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Osses, Daniël, Monique Roobol, and Ivo Schoots. "Prediction Medicine: Biomarkers, Risk Calculators and Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Risk Stratification Tools in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 7 (April 2, 2019): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071637.
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This review discusses the most recent evidence for currently available risk stratification tools in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), and evaluates diagnostic strategies that combine these tools. Novel blood biomarkers, such as the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and 4Kscore, show similar ability to predict csPCa. Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) is a urinary biomarker that has inferior prediction of csPCa compared to PHI, but may be combined with other markers like TMPRSS2-ERG to improve its performance. Original risk calculators (RCs) have the advantage of incorporating easy to retrieve clinical variables and being freely accessible as a web tool/mobile application. RCs perform similarly well as most novel biomarkers. New promising risk models including novel (genetic) markers are the SelectMDx and Stockholm-3 model (S3M). Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved as an appealing tool in the diagnostic arsenal with even stratifying abilities, including in the initial biopsy setting. Merging biomarkers, RCs and MRI results in higher performances than their use as standalone tests. In the current era of prostate MRI, the way forward seems to be multivariable risk assessment based on blood and clinical parameters, potentially extended with information from urine samples, as a triaging test for the selection of candidates for MRI and biopsy.
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Li, Yao, Shou-Long Deng, Zheng-Xing Lian, and Kun Yu. "Roles of Toll-Like Receptors in Nitroxidative Stress in Mammals." Cells 8, no. 6 (June 12, 2019): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8060576.
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Free radicals are important antimicrobial effectors that cause damage to DNA, membrane lipids, and proteins. Professional phagocytes produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that contribute towards the destruction of pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a fundamental role in the innate immune response and respond to conserved microbial products and endogenous molecules resulting from cellular damage to elicit an effective defense against invading pathogens, tissue injury, or cancer. In recent years, several studies have focused on how the TLR-mediated activation of innate immune cells leads to the production of pro-inflammatory factors upon pathogen invasion. Here, we review recent findings that indicate that TLRs trigger a signaling cascade that induces the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
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Döbeli, M. "Subtraction tool for the analysis of RBS data." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 249, no. 1-2 (August 2006): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2006.03.143.
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Borisova, Alexandra Andreevna, and Oleg Dmitrievich Borisenko. "Research of Construction Methods for Cloud Services and Overview of the Implementations TOSCA Standard." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 34, no. 5 (2022): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514//ispras-2022-34(5)-9.
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This paper overview and compares various tools for automating resource management in the cloud. Changes in software architecture and development approaches require automation of deployment management processes and further maintenance of software in different environments. Chapter 2 provides a detailed overview of the tools with sample configurations, as well as a breakdown of relevant articles that look at various automation tools and the effectiveness of their implementation. Chapter 3 presents a draft solution for combining orchestrators developed at ISP RAS to obtain a tool with functionality that competitors do not have.
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Borisova, Alexandra Andreevna, and Oleg Dmitrievich Borisenko. "Research of Construction Methods for Cloud Services and Overview of the Implementations TOSCA Standard." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 34, no. 5 (2022): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2022-34(5)-9.
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This paper overview and compares various tools for automating resource management in the cloud. Changes in software architecture and development approaches require automation of deployment management processes and further maintenance of software in different environments. Chapter 2 provides a detailed overview of the tools with sample configurations, as well as a breakdown of relevant articles that look at various automation tools and the effectiveness of their implementation. Chapter 3 presents a draft solution for combining orchestrators developed at ISP RAS to obtain a tool with functionality that competitors do not have.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Diagnostic Tool for Unconventionals Evaluates Near-Wellbore Fractures." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 09 (September 1, 2022): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0922-0054-jpt.
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_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper URTeC 2021-5408, “New Fracture Diagnostic Tool for Unconventionals: High-Resolution Distributed Strain Sensing by Rayleigh Frequency Shift During Production in Hydraulic Fracture Test 2,” by Gustavo A. Ugueto, SPE, Shell; Magdalena Wojtaszek, SPE, Brunei Shell; and Somnath Mondal, Shell, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ Fiber-optic (FO) monitoring in unconventional reservoirs has proved to be an invaluable diagnostic tool. Unfortunately, gaining detailed understanding of the near-wellbore fracture geometry or cluster or stage productivity through FO has proved to be more difficult. A new FO diagnostic method, distributed strain sensing based on Rayleigh frequency shift (DSS-RFS), provides insights about the characteristics of the near-wellbore-region (NWR) during production. The authors write that this novel FO technique can significantly improve understanding of near-wellbore hydraulic fracture characteristics and the relationships between stimulation and production from unconventional oil and gas wells. Introduction Successful production profiling through distributed acoustics sensing (DAS) has been reported in gas-producing wells. Regrettably, many wells do not generate strong DAS signals while flowing. Recently developed FO production-profiling data-acquisition protocols and work flows rely on collecting signals during short shut-in reopening cycles lasting only a few minutes. Therefore, a need exists to develop new work flows and algorithms using high-fidelity FO data that can be related to the production characteristics of individual perforation clusters (PCs). DSS-RFS Method DSS-RFS uses Rayleigh backscatter in a nonengineered single-mode fiber to measure strain changes along the fiber. When an optical fiber is manufactured, random inhomogeneities of the glass density are created in the fiber core. The random density heterogeneities manifest as a variation of refractive index along the fiber. For a certain laser frequency, the interferences between the Rayleigh backscatters cause irregular but unique amplitude fluctuations in the coherent optical time-domain reflectometer along the fiber length. For each discrete fiber segment, a unique Rayleigh scattering spectrum is obtained by scanning the fiber with a coherent optical time-domain reflectometer with a range of laser frequencies using a tunable-wavelength laser system. This unique Rayleigh scattering spectrum shifts in frequency if the temperature or strain of the fiber section changes. DSS-RFS measures relative strain changes instead of absolute strain along the fiber. However, DSS-RFS has a higher measuring sensitivity than strain measured using Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry. DSS-RFS has higher spatial resolution than low-frequency DAS. Finally, DSS-RFS does not have the fiber sensing length restrictions of commercially available fiber-Bragg-grating-based DSS systems. First DSS-RFS During Shut-in and Reopening Test In February 2020, DSS-RFS data was acquired at one of the two FO-instrumented wells in Hydraulic Fracture Test Site 2 (HFTS2). The spatial resolution of the measurement was 20 cm, with a time-sampling interval of 150 seconds. The test began after establishing a baseline measurement during normal flowing conditions. The well was shut in for 4 days and opened again in a series of 2-hour shut-in and 1-hour producing cycles. Finally, the well was reopened and DSS-RFS was acquired for approximately 6 hours. This DSS-RFS data allowed for the definition of intervals where extension has occurred corresponding to active clusters with positive strain-change signals, slightly compressed intervals with negative strain-change signals between the clusters, and intervals with inactive clusters. These signals were interpreted to be caused by fracture-aperture changes that, in turn, were caused by pressure increases during shut-in within the fracture network in the NWR.
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Alexander, Brandon, Kaijen Hsiao, Chad Jenkins, Bener Suay, and Russell Toris. "Robot Web Tools [ROS Topics]." IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine 19, no. 4 (December 2012): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mra.2012.2221235.
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Ulman, Aleksandra, Klaudia Skrzypek, Paweł Konieczny, Claudio Mussolino, Toni Cathomen, and Marcin Majka. "Genome Editing of the SNAI1 Gene in Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Novel Model for Studies of Its Role." Cells 9, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9051095.
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Genome editing (GE) tools and RNA interference technology enable the modulation of gene expression in cancer research. While GE mediated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 or transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) activity can be used to induce gene knockouts, shRNA interacts with the targeted transcript, resulting in gene knockdown. Here, we compare three different methods for SNAI1 knockout or knockdown in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells. RMS is the most common sarcoma in children and its development has been previously associated with SNAI1 transcription factor activity. To investigate the role of SNAI1 in RMS development, we compared CRISPR/Cas9, TALEN, and shRNA tools to identify the most efficient tool for the modulation of SNAI1 expression with biological effects. Subsequently, the genome sequence, transcript levels, and protein expression of SNAI1 were evaluated. The modulation of SNAI1 using three different approaches affected the morphology of the cells and modulated the expression of myogenic factors and HDAC1. Our study revealed a similar effectiveness of the tested methods. Nevertheless, the low efficiency of the GE tools was a limiting factor in obtaining biallelic gene knockouts. To conclude, we established and characterized three different models of SNAI1 knockout and knockdown that might be used in further studies investigating the role of SNAI1 in RMS.