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Journal articles on the topic "Rv3852"
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Brodin, Priscille, Laleh Majlessi, Laurent Marsollier, Marien I. de Jonge, Daria Bottai, Caroline Demangel, Jason Hinds, et al. "Dissection of ESAT-6 System 1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Impact on Immunogenicity and Virulence." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 1 (January 2006): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.74.1.88-98.2006.
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ABSTRACT The dedicated secretion system ESX-1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encoded by the extended RD1 region (extRD1) assures export of the ESAT-6 protein and its partner, the 10-kDa culture filtrate protein CFP-10, and is missing from the vaccine strains M. bovis BCG and M. microti. Here, we systematically investigated the involvement of each individual ESX-1 gene in the secretion of both antigens, specific immunogenicity, and virulence. ESX-1-complemented BCG and M. microti strains were more efficiently engulfed by bone-marrow-derived macrophages than controls, and this may account for the enhanced in vivo growth of ESX-1-carrying strains. Inactivation of gene pe35 (Rv3872) impaired expression of CFP-10 and ESAT-6, suggesting a role in regulation. Genes Rv3868, Rv3869, Rv3870, Rv3871, and Rv3877 encoding an ATP-dependent chaperone and translocon were essential for secretion of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in contrast to ppe68 Rv3873 and Rv3876, whose inactivation did not impair secretion of ESAT-6. A strict correlation was found between ESAT-6 export and the generation of ESAT-6 specific T-cell responses in mice. Furthermore, ESAT-6 secretion and specific immunogenicity were almost always correlated with enhanced virulence in the SCID mouse model. Only loss of Rv3865 and part of Rv3866 did not affect ESAT-6 secretion or immunogenicity but led to attenuation. This suggests that Rv3865/66 represent a new virulence factor that is independent from ESAT-6 secretion. The present study has allowed us to identify new aspects of the extRD1 region of M. tuberculosis and to explore its role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
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Liu, Zhiqiang, Shuang Qie, Lili Li, Bingshui Xiu, Xiqin Yang, Zhenhua Dai, Xuhui Zhang, et al. "Identification of Novel RD1 Antigens and Their Combinations for Diagnosis of Sputum Smear−/Culture+ TB Patients." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7486425.
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Rapid and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is an unresolved problem worldwide, especially for sputum smear− (S−) cases. In this study, five antigen genes including Rv3871, Rv3874, Rv3875, Rv3876, and Rv3879 were cloned fromMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) RD1 and overexpressed to generate antigen fragments. These antigens and their combinations were investigated for PTB serodiagnosis. 298 serum samples were collected from active PTB patients, including 117 sputum smear+ (S+) and sputum culture+ (C+) cases, 101 S−/C+ cases, and 80 S−/C− cases. The serum IgG levels of the five antigens were measured by ELISA. Based on IgG levels, the sensitivity/specificity of Rv3871, Rv3874, Rv3875, Rv3876, and Rv3879 for PTB detection was 81.21%/74.74%, 63.09%/94.78%, 32.21%/87.37%, 62.42%/85.26%, and 83.56%/83.16%, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal result for PTB diagnosis was achieved by combining antigens Rv3871, Rv3876, and Rv3879. In addition, the IgG levels of Rv3871, Rv3876, and Rv3879 were found to be higher in S−/C+ PTB patients than in other PTB populations. More importantly, combination of the three antigens demonstrated superior diagnostic performance for both S−/C+ and S−/C− PTB. In conclusion, the combination of Rv3871, Rv3876, and Rv3879 induced higher IgG response in sputum S−/C+ PTB patients and represents a promising biomarker combination for diagnosing of PTB.
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Garg, Rajni, Chinmay Anand, Sohini Ganguly, Sandhya Rao, Rinkee Verma, and Valakunja Nagaraja. "Direct Interaction of Polar Scaffolding Protein Wag31 with Nucleoid-Associated Protein Rv3852 Regulates Its Polar Localization." Cells 10, no. 6 (June 20, 2021): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061558.
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Rv3852 is a unique nucleoid-associated protein (NAP) found exclusively in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and closely related species. Although annotated as H-NS, we showed previously that it is very different from H-NS in its properties and is distinct from other NAPs, anchoring to cell membrane by virtue of possessing a C-terminal transmembrane helix. Here, we investigated the role of Rv3852 in Mtb in organizing architecture or synthesis machinery of cell wall by protein–protein interaction approach. We demonstrated a direct physical interaction of Rv3852 with Wag31, an important cell shape and cell wall integrity determinant essential in Mtb. Wag31 localizes to the cell poles and possibly acts as a scaffold for cell wall synthesis proteins, resulting in polar cell growth in Mtb. Ectopic expression of Rv3852 in M. smegmatis resulted in its interaction with Wag31 orthologue DivIVAMsm. Binding of the NAP to Wag31 appears to be necessary for fine-tuning Wag31 localization to the cell poles, enabling complex cell wall synthesis in Mtb. In Rv3852 knockout background, Wag31 is mislocalized resulting in disturbed nascent peptidoglycan synthesis, suggesting that the NAP acts as a driver for localization of Wag31 to the cell poles. While this novel association between these two proteins presents one of the mechanisms to structure the elaborate multi-layered cell envelope of Mtb, it also exemplifies a new function for a NAP in mycobacteria.
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Werlang, Isabel C. R., Cristopher Z. Schneider, Jordana D. Mendonça, Mario S. Palma, Luiz A. Basso, and Diógenes S. Santos. "Identification of Rv3852 as a nucleoid-associated protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Microbiology 155, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 2652–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.030148-0.
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Tuberculosis remains the major cause of mortality due to a bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The molecular mechanisms of infection and persistence have not been completely elucidated for this pathogen. Studies involving nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs), which have been related to the control and influence of virulence genes in pathogenic bacteria, can help unveil the virulence process of M. tuberculosis. Here, we describe the initial characterization of an ORF for an M. tuberculosis putative NAP. The Rv3852 gene was cloned and expressed, and its product purified to homogeneity. A qualitative protein–DNA binding assay was carried out by gel-retardation and the protein affinity for specific DNA sequences was assessed quantitatively by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). A stoichiometry of 10 molecules of monomeric protein per molecule of DNA was determined. The monophasic apparent dissociation rate constant values increased to a saturable level as a function of protein concentration, yielding two limiting values for the molecular recognition of proU2 DNA. A protein–DNA binding mechanism is proposed. In addition, functional complementation studies with an Escherichia coli hns mutant reinforce the likelihood that the Rv3852 protein represents a novel NAP in M. tuberculosis.
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Zhao, Nan, Mingna Sun, Kristin Burns-Huang, Xiuju Jiang, Yan Ling, Crystal Darby, Sabine Ehrt, Gang Liu, and Carl Nathan. "Identification of Rv3852 as an Agrimophol-Binding Protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis." PLOS ONE 10, no. 5 (May 15, 2015): e0126211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126211.
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Liu, Xiao-Qing, Davinder Dosanjh, Hansa Varia, Katie Ewer, Paul Cockle, Geoffrey Pasvol, and Ajit Lalvani. "Evaluation of T-Cell Responses to Novel RD1- and RD2-Encoded Mycobacterium tuberculosis Gene Products for Specific Detection of Human Tuberculosis Infection." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 5 (May 2004): 2574–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.5.2574-2581.2004.
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ABSTRACT The tuberculin skin test for diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection suffers from antigenic cross-reactivity of purified protein derivative with BCG, resulting in poor specificity in BCG-vaccinated populations. Comparative genomics has identified several genetic regions in M. tuberculosis and M. bovis that are deleted in M. bovis BCG. Proteins encoded in these regions will form the basis of new specific T-cell-based blood tests that do not cross-react with BCG, but only two, early secretory antigen target 6 and culture filtrate protein 10, have been studied in detail in humans. We investigated four novel gene products, encoded by RD2 (Rv1989c) and RD1 (Rv3873, Rv3878, and Rv3879c), that are absent from most or all of the vaccine strains of BCG, respectively. Sixty-seven overlapping peptides were tested in ex vivo gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assays in 49 patients with culture-confirmed tuberculosis and 38 healthy BCG-vaccinated donors. Forty-five percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 31 to 57%) and 53% (95% CI, 39 to 67%) of the tuberculosis patients responded to Rv3879c and Rv3873, respectively, identifying these proteins as major M. tuberculosis T-cell antigens in humans, while 35 and 25% of the patients responded to Rv3878 and Rv1989c, respectively. Of the 38 BCG-vaccinated donors, 1 (2.6%) responded to peptides from Rv3878 and Rv3879c, 3 (7.9%) responded to Rv3873, and none responded to Rv1989c. Exclusion of cross-reactive peptides encoded in conserved motifs of Rv3873, a PPE family member, increased its specificity to 97.4%. The high specificity of Rv3879c peptides and nonconserved Rv3873 sequences, together with their moderate sensitivity in tuberculosis patients, identifies these peptides as candidates for inclusion in new T-cell-based tests for M. tuberculosis infection.
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Cockle, P. J., S. V. Gordon, A. Lalvani, B. M. Buddle, R. G. Hewinson, and H. M. Vordermeier. "Identification of Novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens with Potential as Diagnostic Reagents or Subunit Vaccine Candidates by Comparative Genomics." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 12 (December 2002): 6996–7003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.12.6996-7003.2002.
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ABSTRACT An independent review for the British government has concluded that the development of a cattle vaccine against Mycobacterium bovis holds the best long-term prospects for tuberculosis control in British herds. The development of complementary diagnostic tests to differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals is necessary to allow the continuation of test-and-slaughter-based control policies alongside vaccination. Vaccination with M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only available vaccine, results in tuberculin purified protein derivative sensitivity and has shown varying vaccine efficacies in cattle. Thus, identification of more-specific reagents to distinguish between vaccination and infection, as well as the identification of subunit vaccine candidates for improved tuberculosis vaccines, is a research priority. In the present study, we applied comparative genomics to identify M. bovis-Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens whose genes had been deleted in BCG Pasteur. In total, 13 open reading frames (ORFs) from the RD1, RD2, and RD14 regions of the M. tuberculosis genome were selected. Pools of overlapping peptides spanning these ORFs were tested in M. bovis-infected (n = 22), BCG-vaccinated (n = 6), and unvaccinated (n = 10) control cattle. All were recognized in infected cattle, with responder frequencies varying between 16 and 86%. In particular, eight highly immunogenic antigens were identified whose potentials as diagnostic reagents or as subunit vaccines warrant further study (Rv1983, Rv1986, Rv3872, Rv3873, Rv3878, Rv3879c, Rv1979c, and Rv1769).
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Tiwari, Bhavana, Amarendranath Soory, and Tirumalai R. Raghunand. "An immunomodulatory role for theMycobacterium tuberculosisregion of difference 1 locus proteins PE35 (Rv3872) and PPE68 (Rv3873)." FEBS Journal 281, no. 6 (February 12, 2014): 1556–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/febs.12723.
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Demangel, Caroline, Priscille Brodin, Paul J. Cockle, Roland Brosch, Laleh Majlessi, Claude Leclerc, and Stewart T. Cole. "Cell Envelope Protein PPE68 Contributes to Mycobacterium tuberculosis RD1 Immunogenicity Independently of a 10-Kilodalton Culture Filtrate Protein and ESAT-6." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 4 (April 2004): 2170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.4.2170-2176.2004.
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ABSTRACT The protective efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis BCG can be markedly augmented by stable integration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomic region RD1. BCG complemented with RD1 (BCG::RD1) encodes nine additional proteins. Among them, 10-kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP-10) and ESAT-6 (6-kDa early secreted antigenic target) are low-molecular-weight proteins that induce potent Th1 responses. Using pools of synthetic peptides, we have examined the potential immunogenicity of four other RD1 products (PE35, PPE68, Rv3878, and Rv3879c). PPE68, the protein encoded by rv3873, was the only one to elicit gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing cells in C57BL/6 mice infected with M. tuberculosis. Anti-PPE68 T cells were predominantly raised against an epitope mapped in the N-terminal end of the protein. Importantly, inactivation of rv3873 in BCG::RD1 did not modify CFP-10 and ESAT-6 secretion. Moreover, the generation of IFN-γ responses to these antigens following immunization with BCG::RD1 was independent of PPE68 expression. Taken together, these results show that PPE68 is an immunogenic product of the RD1 region, which does not interfere with the secretion and immunogenicity of CFP-10 and ESAT-6.
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Meniche, Xavier, Cécile Labarre, Célia de Sousa-d'Auria, Emilie Huc, Françoise Laval, Marielle Tropis, Nicolas Bayan, et al. "Identification of a Stress-Induced Factor of Corynebacterineae That Is Involved in the Regulation of the Outer Membrane Lipid Composition." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 23 (October 2, 2009): 7323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01042-09.
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ABSTRACT Corynebacterineae are gram-positive bacteria that possess a true outer membrane composed of mycolic acids and other lipids. Little is known concerning the modulation of mycolic acid composition and content in response to changes in the bacterial environment, especially temperature variations. To address this question, we investigated the function of the Rv3802c gene, a gene conserved in Corynebacterineae and located within a gene cluster involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis. We showed that the Rv3802 ortholog is essential in Mycobacterium smegmatis, while its Corynebacterium glutamicum ortholog, NCgl2775, is not. We provided evidence that the NCgl2775 gene is transcriptionally induced under heat stress conditions, and while the corresponding protein has no detectable activity under normal growth conditions, the increase in its expression triggers an increase in mycolic acid biosynthesis concomitant with a decrease in phospholipid content. We demonstrated that these lipid modifications are part of a larger outer membrane remodeling that occurs in response to exposure to a moderately elevated temperature (42°C). In addition to showing an increase in the ratio of saturated corynomycolates to unsaturated corynomycolates, our results strongly suggested that the balance between mycolic acids and phospholipids is modified inside the outer membrane following a heat challenge. Furthermore, we showed that these lipid modifications help the bacteria to protect against heat damage. The NCgl2775 protein and its orthologs thus appear to be a protein family that plays a role in the regulation of the outer membrane lipid composition of Corynebacterineae under stress conditions. We therefore propose to name this protein family the envelope lipids regulation factor (ElrF) family.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rv3852"
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Werlang, Isabel Cristina Ribas. "Rv3852, uma nova proteína Histone-Like de Mycobacterium tuberculosis." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17330.
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A tuberculose permanece sendo a principal causa de morte no mundo devido a um único agente infeccioso, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. O surgimento de cepas multi- e extensivamente-resistentes tem aumentado a perspectiva de uma futura epidemia de casos de tuberculose sem tratamento. Faz-se cada vez mais urgente a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novas drogas e vacinas, tanto para encurtar o prazo de tratamento, como para combater as cepas resistentes e o processo de latência que é estabelecido pelo bacilo. Os mecanismos moleculares pelos quais esta micobactéria estabelece infecção e latência ainda precisam ser esclarecidos. O estudo de proteínas associadas ao nucleóide tem sido um tema bastante promissor para o entendimento de mecanismos de invasão e persistência em vários microorganismos patogênicos, podendo auxiliar, também, no esclarecimento do metabolismo do bacilo para estas atividades. Neste estudo, descrevemos a caracterização inicial de uma fase de leitura identificada para uma proteína H-NS putativa de M. tuberculosis. A H-NS é uma das proteínas associadas ao nucleóide mais bem caracterizadas. O gene foi clonado, expresso, e seu produto foi, então, purificado até sua homogeneidade. Ensaios de ligação a DNA qualitativo, utilizando o EMSA, e quantitativo, por meio de ressonância plasmônica de superfície, foram realizados para a comprovação de sua atividade, tendo sido proposto um mecanismo de ligação ao DNA. Além disso, estudos de complementação realizados com a utilização de uma cepa de Escherichia coli mutante para hns sugerem que esta proteína pertence a uma nova classe de proteínas associadas ao nucleóide presentes em Mycobacterium.Tuberculosis remains the major cause of mortality due to a bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The emergence of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant strains have raised the bleak prospect of a future epidemic of virtually untreatable TB. More effective antimycobacterial agents, besides new vaccines or vaccination strategies, are thus needed to improve the treatment of resistant strains, to shorten the treatment course, and to provide more effective treatment of latent infection. The molecular mechanisms by which the bacillus establishes infection and persistence have not been completely elucidated. Studies involving nucleoid-associated proteins, which have been related to the control and influence of virulence genes in pathogenic bacteria, can help unveil the virulence process of M. tuberculosis. In this study, we describe the initial characterization of an open reading frame for the M. tuberculosis putative H-NS. This protein is one of the most studied members of the nucleoid-associated proteins family. The gene was cloned, expressed and its product purified to homogeneity. A qualitative protein-DNA binding assay was carried out by gel-retardation and the protein affinity for specific DNA sequences was assessed quantitatively by surface plasmon resonance. A protein-DNA binding mechanism is proposed. In addition, functional complementation studies of an E. coli hns mutant reinforce the likelihood that Rv3852 protein represents a novel nucleoid-associated protein in M. tuberculosis.
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SHANAHAN, Erin Rose. "Molecular investigation of mycobacterium tuberculosis and the critical cell wall lipase culp6." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10066.
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Tuberculosis remains a leading challenge in global public health. An in depth understanding of physiological processes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required for the development of improved treatments. This study aimed to develop tools for disruption of mycobacterial genes utilising the group II intron based Targetron system. The putatively essential cell wall lipase Cutinase-like protein 6 (Culp6, Rv3802c) was also investigated to determine its biological function and role as a target for the antibiotic tetrahydrolipstatin (THL). The Targetron was adapted for use in mycobacteria through incorporation into an inducible mycobacterial vector, and functional Targetron insertion sites identified in a number of mycobacterial genes. However, induction of Targetron expression under a range of growth conditions failed to result in successful gene disruption. Despite modifications including codon optimisation of the intron reverse transcriptase, the mycobacterial species tested have proved impervious to Targetron insertion. Further investigation of the Targetron in mycobacteria is required to develop this molecular tool. This study has revealed the Mycobacterium smegmatis Culp6 ortholog MSMEG_6394 is required for optimal growth under conditions of stress, including increased temperature and presence of Tween. Loss of MSMEG_6394 leads to altered colony morphology and increased sensitivity to Rifampicin and Isoniazid. Complementation with M. tuberculosis Culp6 restored the phenotype of the MSMEG_6394 deletion mutant. THL disrupts mycolic acid synthesis and is known to inhibit purified Culp6, however does not reduce the growth of M. smegmatis. In this study, it was revealed that either over-expression of Culp6, or increased temperature, resulted in sensitisation of M. smegmatis to THL. Taken together, these results suggest an interaction between Culp6 and THL in mycobacteria. The data presented in this study is highly suggestive of a function for Culp6 in cell wall synthesis.
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Goins, Christopher M. "Structural, Enzymatic, and Inhibitory Studies of Two Mycobacterium tuberculosis- Mycomembrane Lipid Esterases." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1524926557102369.
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Li, Yu-Ru, and 李育儒. "To Explore β-Amyloid Induced Oxidative DNA Damage and Repair in Rat Primary Cortical Neurons." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rv3f22.
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碩士國立中山大學
生物科學系研究所
104
Alzheimer''s disease (AD) is one of the common form of age-related neurodegenerative diseases and the leading cause of senile dementia. In the beta-amyloid (Aβ) cascade hypothesis, the aggregation of Aβ is a crucial event that produces amounts of oxidative stress contributed to neurotoxicity. In this study, our hypothesis is that Aβ-peptide aggregation enhances oxidative stress which leads to DNA damage and contributes to neurotoxicity. Therefore, increasing DNA repair efficiency and DNA integrity could rescue neuronal cells from Aβ-induced neuronal death. To test our hypothesis, we utilized lentivirus transduction to overexpress Aβ in rat primary cortical neurons. Results of Western blotting and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining have shown that expression of Aβ reached the peak in the first three days as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), then both Aβ and ROS levels were decreasing in the following day four to day seven. The DNA damage marker, phosphor-histone 2A (γH2AX), demonstrated that neuronal DNA injury was correlated to both levels of Aβ and ROS. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a growth factor which has been proved to have neuroprotective properties. After GLP-1 treatment, the production of Aβ and ROS was reduced, but γH2AX was still remaining in 72 hours. GLP-1 has been proved the effects of decreasing Aβ, inflammation and the improvement of recognition, learning and memory in animal model from previous studies. Although we did not see GLP-1 significantly reducing γH2AX, GLP-1 is still a potential drug involving DNA repair. In Alzheimer’s disease, to elevate DNA repair capability is also a important field to investigate in the future.
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Huang, Chao-Ku, and 黃兆谷. "Characterization and improvement of lactic acid production of isolated Bacillus coagulans." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rv38t7.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
生物科技系所
106
Poly lactic acid, polymerized from of lactic acid, is one of the most potential materials due to reducing pollution. Fermentation of agricultural wastes containing starch and cellulose are able to produce lactic acid, but the most lactic acid bacteria have not amylase and cellulose activity, and such as feedstock needs an extra process to be degraded to small molecules before microbial fermentation. Bacillus coagulans has good amylolytic activity; it also can produce L-lactic acid. However, its production level of lactic acid is not significant. Therefore, our goal is improve the production of lactic acid by optimization of culture medium and protoplast fusion technology in this study. X1 strain, a Gram-positive rod, from wasted food. It can hydrolyse starch to glucose and convert to lactic acid, but it cannot grow in medium containing 7% salt. This strain was identified as Bacillus coagulans based on its phylogenetic analysis. In addition, the strain G3 was also isolated. It did not have catalase and cell oxidase activities, but produced 25.141mg/mL of lactic acid. According to these features. Strain G3 may be belong to lactic acid bacteria. In order to improve the production of lactic acid, the bacterial medium was optimized. The medium contain 1.0% soy peptone, 2.5% potato extract and 1.5% yeast extract can increase the bacterial density. In order to improve the ability of L-lactic acid, the protoplasts of X1 strain and G3 strain were fused. Moreover, acid producing and starch hydrolysis abilities were estimated. The results showed that some the fused strain can produce organic acid, others can degrade starch and amylopectin. No fusion strain has both capabilities at the same time. The strain that can produce organic acid, the production level of lactic acid was about 20mg/mL. It was significantly reduced when compared with the wildtype. Because the fusion strain does not improve production of lactic acid, we want to prove the problem of protoplast fusion system and different bacteria has different characteristic to cause the fusion problem. So use the X1 strain fused with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis. In the result of fusion showed that there was no significantly change of feature in the fusion strains.
Books on the topic "Rv3852"
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(Composer), Antonio Vivaldi, and Maurizo Carnelli (Editor), eds. Concerto in G Minor "L'estate" (Summer) from The Four Seasons RV315, Op.8 No.2: Critical Edition Violin and Piano Reduction. Ricordi, 2003.
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Vivaldi, Antonio. Music Minus One Violin: Vivaldi L'Estro Armonico: Violin Concerti in A minor, op. 3, no. 6, RV356; Concerto Grosso in A minor, op. 3, no. 8, RV522; Concerto in D major op. 3, no.9, RV230 (Book & CD). Music Minus One, 1996.
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