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Journal articles on the topic 'Ruthenium. Complex compounds. Azides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 24 January 2023

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1

Holzer, Isabelle, Oksana Desiatkina, Nicoleta Anghel, Serena K. Johns, Ghalia Boubaker, Andrew Hemphill, Julien Furrer, and Emilia Păunescu. "Synthesis and Antiparasitic Activity of New Trithiolato-Bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium(II)-arene-carbohydrate Conjugates." Molecules 28, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020902.

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Eight novel carbohydrate-tethered trithiolato dinuclear ruthenium(II)-arene complexes were synthesized using CuAAC ‘click’ (Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition) reactions, and there in vitro activity against transgenic T. gondii tachyzoites constitutively expressing β-galactosidase (T. gondii β-gal) and in non-infected human foreskin fibroblasts, HFF, was determined at 0.1 and 1 µM. When evaluated at 1 µM, seven diruthenium-carbohydrate conjugates strongly impaired parasite proliferation by >90%, while HFF viability was retained at 50% or more, and they were further subjected to the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) measurement on T. gondii β-gal. Results revealed that the biological activity of the hybrids was influenced both by the nature of the carbohydrate (glucose vs. galactose) appended on ruthenium complex and the type/length of the linker between the two units. 23 and 26, two galactose-based diruthenium conjugates, exhibited low IC50 values and reduced effect on HFF viability when applied at 2.5 µM (23: IC50 = 0.032 µM/HFF viability 92% and 26: IC50 = 0.153 µM/HFF viability 97%). Remarkably, compounds 23 and 26 performed significantly better than the corresponding carbohydrate non-modified diruthenium complexes, showing that this type of conjugates are a promising approach for obtaining new antiparasitic compounds with reduced toxicity.

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2

Park, Jin Yong, Yongjin Kim, Dae Young Bae, Young Ho Rhee, and Jaiwook Park. "Ruthenium Bisammine Complex and Its Reaction with Aryl Azides." Organometallics 36, no. 18 (September 7, 2017): 3471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00403.

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3

Kwon, Yearang, Mina Jeon, Jin Yong Park, Young Ho Rhee, and Jaiwook Park. "Synthesis of 1H-azadienes and application to one-pot organic transformations." RSC Advances 6, no. 1 (2016): 661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra26230e.

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1H-Azadienes were synthesized from allyl azides by ruthenium catalysis under mild and neutral conditions. Applications of the 1H-azadienes were demonstrated for the one-pot synthesis of nitrogen containing organic compounds.

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4

Mitsudo, Take-aki, Nobuyoshi Suzuki, Teruyuki Kondo, and Yoshihisa Watanabe. "Ruthenium Complex-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Allylic Compounds." Journal of Organic Chemistry 59, no. 25 (December 1994): 7759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00104a036.

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5

MITSUDO, T., N. SUZUKI, T. KONDO, and Y. WATANABE. "ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Complex Catalyzed Carbonylation of Allylic Compounds." ChemInform 26, no. 25 (August 17, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199525074.

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6

Ochiai, Mitsuyoshi, Hisako Hashimoto, and Hiromi Tobita. "Reactions of a hydrido(hydrosilylene)ruthenium complex with carbonyl compounds." Dalton Transactions, no. 10 (2009): 1812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b819229b.

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7

Ortega-Arizmendi, Aldo I., Eugenia Aldeco-Pérez, and Erick Cuevas-Yañez. "Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition Catalyzed by Silver Chloride and “Abnormal” SilverN-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/186537.

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A library of 1,2,3-triazoles was synthesized from diverse alkynes and azides using catalytic amounts of silver chloride instead of copper compounds. In addition, a novel “abnormal” silverN-heterocyclic carbene complex was tested as catalyst in this process. The results suggest that the reaction requires only 0.5% of silver complex, affording 1,2,3-triazoles in good yields.

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8

Leyva, Elisa, Matthew S. Platz, Silvia E. Loredo-Carrillo, and Johana Aguilar. "Fluoro Aryl Azides: Synthesis, Reactions and Applications." Current Organic Chemistry 24, no. 11 (September 11, 2020): 1161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824999200608132505.

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Background: The complex photochemistry of aryl azides has fascinated scientists for several decades. Spectroscopists have investigated the intermediates formed by different analytical techniques. Theoretical chemists have explained the intrinsic interplay of intermediates under different experimental conditions. Objective & Method: A complete understanding of the photochemistry of a given fluoro aryl azide is a basic requisite for its use in chemistry. In this review, we will discuss the synthesis of several fluoro substituted aryl azides and the reactions and intermediates generated upon photolysis and thermolysis of these azides and some examples of their applications in photoaffinity labeling and organic synthesis. Conclusion: In spite of the extensive research on the photochemistry of fluoro aryl azides, there are some areas that remain to be investigated. The application of this reaction in the synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds has not been fully studied. Since fluorophenyl azides are known to undergo C-H and N-H insertion reactions, they could be used to prepare new fluorinated molecules or in the biochemical process known as photoaffinity labeling.

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9

Zahirović, Adnan, Irnesa Osmanković, Emir Turkušić, and Emira Kahrović. "Improved method for spectrophotometric determination of ruthenium using 1,10-phenanthroline: application for analysis of complex compounds." Analytical Methods 10, no. 42 (2018): 5078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay01755g.

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10

Scrase, Tom G., Simon M. Page, Paul D. Barker, and Sally R. Boss. "Folates are potential ligands for ruthenium compounds in vivo." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 22 (2014): 8158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt00081a.

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A labile ruthenium(ii) complex has been observed to chelate to folates under physiologically relevant conditions. The diastereomeric complexes formed would interfere with the one-carbon carrying role of folate in vivo. This highlights the importance of considering small molecules alongside macromolecules when determining the chemical origins of cytotoxicity of metallodrug candidates.

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11

Zelen, Ivanka, Milan Zarić, Petar P. Čanović, Danica Igrutinović, and Ana Rilak Simović. "Antitumor activity of ruthenium(II) complexes on HCT 116 cell line in vitro." Education and Research in Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/erhs2201006z.

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In the field of non-platinum complexes, ruthenium complexes have shown very strong antitumor activity on various types of cisplatin-resistant tumors. In addition, Ru(II) and Ru(III) complexes have shown a high degree of selectivity towards cancer cells as well as antimetastatic effects. Importantly, ruthenium compounds can bind to the DNA molecule of a tumor cell and thus reduce the viability of cancer cells. Moreover, ruthenium complexes can bind to human serum albumin and transferrin, which makes their transfer to tumor cells more efficient than platinum compounds. Consequently, the research aim was to investigate the antitumor effect of two synthesized Ru(II) complexes [Ru(Cl-Ph-tpy)(phen)Cl]Cl (K1) and [Ru(Cl-Ph-tpy)(o-bqdi)Cl]Cl (K2) on the HCT 116 cell line, and to define the mechanism of cell death that these compounds induce in HCT 116 cancer cells. Results of our research clearly showed that the two investigated ruthenium complexes K1 and K2 showed very strong antitumor activity against the HCT 116 tumor cell line. Additionally, ruthenium complex K1 showed higher antitumor activity than ruthenium K2 complex and cisplatin after 72 hours of treatment. Our findings demonstrated that both K1 and K2 ruthenium compounds exhibited strong antitumor activity against HCT 116 cell line by induction of early apoptosis.

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12

Hu, Xia, Ning-Yi Liu, Yuan-Qing Deng, Shan Wang, Ting Liu, and Xue-Wen Liu. "Photoinduced DNA Cleavage and Photocytotoxic of Phenanthroline-Based Ligand Ruthenium Compounds." Molecules 26, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 3471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113471.

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The photophysical and biological properties of two new phenanthroline-based ligand ruthenium complexes were investigated in detail. Their DNA interaction modes were determined to be the intercalation mode using spectra titration and viscosity measurements. Under irradiation, obvious photo-reduced DNA cleavages were observed in the two complexes via singlet oxygen generation. Furthermore, complex 2 showed higher DNA affinity, photocleavage activity, and singlet oxygen quantum yields than complex 1. The two complexes showed no toxicity towards tumor cells (HeLa, A549, and A375) in the dark. However, obvious photocytotoxicities were observed in the two complexes. Complex 2 exhibited large PIs (phototherapeutic indices) (ca. 400) towards HeLa cells. The study suggests that these complexes may act as DNA intercalators, DNA photocleavers, and photocytotoxic agents.

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13

Shashikumar, K., Suraj B. Maldode, Sachinkumar Sajjanar, Shivaprasad N. Hegde, Suribabu Sattineni, Vidya D. Avasare, Amol V. Gadakh, Sambasivam Ganesh, and A. M. Sathiyanarayanan. "Phosphine‐Free Ruthenium Complex for Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds: Synthesis and Applications." ChemistrySelect 6, no. 32 (August 26, 2021): 8411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.202101775.

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14

Hsu, Hsin-Tzu, Fu-Yuan Tsai, Ying-Chih Lin, and Yi-Hong Liu. "Coupling Reactions of N-Propargyl Semi-Salen Compounds Induced by Ruthenium Complex." Organometallics 33, no. 13 (June 26, 2014): 3366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om500268x.

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15

Lee, Jeong Min, Dae Young Bae, Jin Yong Park, Hwi Yul Jo, Eunsung Lee, Young Ho Rhee, and Jaiwook Park. "Concurrent Formation of N–H Imines and Carbonyl Compounds by Ruthenium-Catalyzed C–C Bond Cleavage of β-Hydroxy Azides." Organic Letters 22, no. 12 (May 26, 2020): 4608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01145.

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16

Stein, Sebastian, Marcel Kersting, Lukas Heletta, and Rainer Pöttgen. "Rare earth-ruthenium-magnesium intermetallics." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 72, no. 6 (May 24, 2017): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2017-0048.

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AbstractEight new intermetallic rare earth-ruthenium-magnesium compounds have been synthesized from the elements in sealed niobium ampoules using different annealing sequences in muffle furnaces. The compounds have been characterized by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Sm9.2Ru6Mg17.8 (a=939.6(2), c=1779(1) pm), Gd11Ru6Mg16 (a=951.9(2), c=1756.8(8) pm), and Tb10.5Ru6Mg16.5 (a=942.5(1), c=1758.3(4) pm) crystallize with the tetragonal Nd9.34Ru6Mg17.66 type structure, space group I4/mmm. This structure exhibits a complex condensation pattern of square-prisms and square-antiprisms around the magnesium and ruthenium atoms, respectively. Y2RuMg2 (a=344.0(1), c=2019(1) pm) and Tb2RuMg2 (a=341.43(6), c=2054.2(7) pm) adopt the Er2RuMg2 structure and Tm3Ru2Mg (a=337.72(9), c=1129.8(4) pm) is isotypic with Sc3Ru2Mg. Tm3Ru2Mg2 (a=337.35(9), c=2671(1) pm) and Lu3Ru2Mg2 (a=335.83(5), c=2652.2(5) pm) are the first ternary ordered variants of the Ti3Cu4 type, space group I4/mmm. These five compounds belong to a large family of intermetallics which are completely ordered superstructures of the bcc subcell. The group-subgroup scheme for Lu3Ru2Mg2 is presented. The common structural motif of all three structure types are ruthenium-centered rare earth cubes reminicent of the CsCl type. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of Y2RuMg2 and Lu3Ru2Mg2 samples revealed Pauli paramagnetism of the conduction electrons.

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17

Huff, Chelsea A., Jeff W. Kampf, and Melanie S. Sanford. "Reversible carbon–carbon bond formation between carbonyl compounds and a ruthenium pincer complex." Chemical Communications 49, no. 64 (2013): 7147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc43517b.

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18

Kamigata, Nobumasa, Takamasa Fukushima, and Masato Yoshida. "Reactions of Perfluoroalkanesulfonyl Chlorides with Aromatic Compounds Catalyzed by a Ruthenium(II) Complex." Chemistry Letters 19, no. 4 (April 1990): 649–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1990.649.

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19

Wang, Yung-Ching, Ying-Chih Lin, and Yi-Hung Liu. "Reactions of Propargyl Compounds Containing a Cyclobutyl Group Induced by a Ruthenium Complex." Chemistry - An Asian Journal 7, no. 11 (August 30, 2012): 2703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.201200589.

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20

Grigoreva, T. F., E. A. Pavlov, P. A. Vitiaz, and N. Z. Lyakhov. "Mechanochemical synthesis of intermetallic compounds in the system gallium – ruthenium." Chimica Techno Acta 8, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 20218104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/chimtech.2021.8.1.04.

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The interaction of a solid inert metal Ru with liquid active metal Ga during mechanical activation in a high-energy planetary ball mill was studied using the X-ray diffraction and the high resolution scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalyses. This paper considers mechanical activation effects on formation of intermetallic compounds GaxRuy and their solubility in concentrated acids. Gallium is a surface-active substance with respect to Ruthenium. Under intensive mechanical treatment, liquid Gallium penetrates into grain boundaries of polycrystalline Ruthenium particles and sharply reduces their strength. Because of severe mechanical deformation, an intensive increase of contact surface between solid and liquid metals observed, which a place of rapid formation of intermetallic compounds. This processing leads to high reactive products of mechanical activation of Ga + Ru. Their interaction with a mixed concentrated hydrochloric and nitric acid allows Ruthenium (~37%) to pass into an acidic solution, forming complex compounds of the HxRuCly type (H2RuCl6).

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21

Wang, Tsang-Hsiu, Feng-Ling Wu, Guan-Ru Chiang, Sheng-Ting He, and Yih-Hsing Lo. "Preparation of ruthenium azido complex containing a Tp ligand and ruthenium-catalyzed cycloaddition of organic azides with alkynes in organic and aqueous media: Experimental and computational studies." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 774 (December 2014): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.09.038.

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22

Jia, Wei-Guo, Ming-Xia Cheng, Li-Li Gao, Siu Min Tan, Chao Wang, Xiaogang Liu, and Richmond Lee. "A ruthenium bisoxazoline complex as a photoredox catalyst for nitro compound reduction under visible light." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 27 (2019): 9949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt00428a.

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A novel ruthenium(ii) complex containing bisoxazoline and bipyridine ligands has been synthesized and characterized, which shows high catalytic activities for nitro compounds in the presence of sodium borohydride and visible light.

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23

Mede, Tina, Michael Jäger, and Ulrich S. Schubert. "“Chemistry-on-the-complex”: functional RuIIpolypyridyl-type sensitizers as divergent building blocks." Chemical Society Reviews 47, no. 20 (2018): 7577–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00096d.

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Ruthenium polypyridyl type complexes are potent photoactive compounds, and have found – among others – a broad range of important applications in the fields of biomedical diagnosis and phototherapy, energy conversion schemes such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and molecular assemblies for tailored photo-initiated processes.

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24

Muthaiah, Senthilkumar, and Muthukumar Kannan. "Ruthenium(II)-Complex-Catalyzed Acceptorless Double Dehydrogenation of Primary Amines to Nitriles." Synlett 31, no. 11 (April 16, 2020): 1073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708016.

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Acceptorless dehydrogenative oxidation of primary amines into nitriles using an in situ complex derived from commercially available dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene) ruthenium(II) complex and simple hexamethylenetetramine has been demonstrated. The synthetic protocol is highly selective and yields the nitrile compounds in moderate to excellent yields and produces hydrogen as the sole byproduct.

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25

Maroni, Pierre, Yves Madaule, Tula Seminario, and Jean-Gérard Wolf. "Hétérocycles organiques de l'arsenic. Synthèse d'arsinimines hétérocycliques par la "réaction de Staudinger." Mécanisme de la réaction." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-104.

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Staudinger's reaction is applied on arsenic hétérocycles. Picryl and tosyl azides lead, by action on tetracoordinated arsatranes, to previously unknown pentacoordinated arsinimines with an "atran" bond (N → As). In a second step, they dimerize to diarsadiazacyclobutanes, bearing hexacoordinated arsenic atoms. Heterocyclic arsanes react only with picryl azide. All imines were obtained as dimers or oligomers, with the single exception of 8A. Ultraviolet studies give evidence for an intermediate complex different from the one demonstrated in the "classical" Staudinger's reaction with phosphorus compounds.

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26

Zheng, Shuaizhi, Zhishun Wei, Kenta Yoshiiri, Markus Braumüller, Bunsho Ohtani, Sven Rau, and Ewa Kowalska. "Titania modification with a ruthenium(ii) complex and gold nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 15, no. 1 (2016): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5pp00345h.

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Interaction between two kinds of titania modifiers, i.e., a ruthenium complex and gold nanoparticles, influenced the resultant properties and photocatalytic activities of hybrid photocatalysts under UV and/or vis light irradiation.

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27

Chambron, Jean-Claude, Jean-Paul Collin, Isabelle Dixon, Valérie Heitz, Xavier J. Salom-Roig, and Jean-Pierre Sauvage. "Synthesis of one-dimensional bis-porphyrinic compounds with a transition metal complex as bridging unit." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 08, no. 01 (January 2004): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424604000076.

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Linear multicomponent systems, consisting of two porphyrins attached to a central transition metal center, have been prepared and some of their electron- or energy transfer properties have been studied. Each porphyrin is covalently bound to a bidentate or a terdentate ligand, these coordinating molecules being gathered around the metal to afford the desired structure. The spatial arrangement is such that the porphyrinic components are located at both ends of an axis, the transition metal occupying its center. The edge-to-edge distance between the porphyrins is relatively large (~ 20 to 25 Å) and, due to the rigidity of the connectors, it is very well controlled. Three different strategies have been used to construct such assemblies. In the first approach, the porphyrinic fragments are attached at the back of 2,2′,6′,2″-terpyridine ligands (terpy), on the central position (4′). After reaction with an appropriate metal center (ruthenium(II) or iridium(III)), an octahedral complex is obtained which constitutes the central part of the assembly, whereas the porphyrins are at the periphery of the central complex. The second strategy involves the preparation of a 5,5′-disubstituted 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) ligand followed by its coordination to ruthenium(II). Subsequently, the porphyrinic nuclei are constructed at both ends of the substituents, leading to a linear geometry with a central complex and two laterally-disposed porphyrins. Finally, a very special ligand has been designed and synthesized, which incorporates two 1,10-phenanthroline nuclei (phen). This ligand can wrap itself around an octahedral center (ruthenium(II)) so as to generate a helical arrangement. Both ends of the single-stranded helix can subsequently be attached to porphyrins.

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28

Yi, Chae S., Sang Young Yun, and Zhengjie He. "Conjugate Addition of Alcohols to Acrylic Compounds Catalyzed by a Bifunctional Ruthenium−Acetamido Complex." Organometallics 22, no. 15 (July 2003): 3031–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om030418g.

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29

Chen, Xi, Li Jia, Xiaoru Wang, and Guanglin Hu. "Study of the Electrochemiluminescence Based on the Reaction of Hydroxyl Compounds with Ruthenium Complex." Analytical Sciences 13, Supplement (1997): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.13.supplement_71.

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30

Mizushima, Eiichiro, Motowo Yamaguchi, and Takamichi Yamagishi. "Effective transfer hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds by ruthenium dihydride complex in propan-2-ol." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 148, no. 1-2 (December 1999): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(99)00106-5.

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31

Ura, Yasuyuki, Hiroshi Tsujita, Kenji Wada, Teruyuki Kondo, and Take-aki Mitsudo. "Ruthenium-Complex-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Linear Codimerization of 2-Norbornenes with Acrylic Compounds." Journal of Organic Chemistry 70, no. 17 (August 2005): 6623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo050413o.

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32

Dzhabieva, Z. M., O. V. Yakutkina, T. S. Dzhabiev, and A. E. Shilov. "Kinetics of water oxidation with cerium(IV) compounds catalyzed by a tetranuclear ruthenium complex." Kinetics and Catalysis 55, no. 4 (July 2014): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s002315841404003x.

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33

Gomes, Carolina B., Caroline L. Corrêa, Diego C. Cabrera, Marcelo G. M. D'Oca, Martha Ruiz, Tiago Collares, Lucielli Savegnago, Fabiana K. Seixas, and Diego Alves. "Organocatalytic Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel 1,2,3-triazoles Derived from Fatty β-ketoesters." Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 4 (April 2022): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406417666210921143646.

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Background: Developing methods to synthesize highly functionalized and complex 1,2,3-triazoles from various combinations of substrates remains a significant challenge in organic synthesis. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, an organocatalytic approach to synthesize 1,2,3-triazoles derived from fatty acids has not been explored. Objective: In this sense, we describe here the organocatalyzed synthesis and preliminary results of antitumor and cytotoxic activity of a range of 1,2,3-triazoles derived from fatty esters. Methods: To synthesize 1,2,3-triazoles 3 derived from fatty β-ketoesters, we performed the reaction of appropriate aryl azides 2a-j with β-ketoesters 1a-c in the presence of 5 mol% of DBU using DMSO as a solvent at 70 °C for 24 h. The viability of 5637 cells was determined by measuring the reduction of soluble MTT to water-insoluble formazan. The IC50 concentration that inhibits 50% of cell growth and the results were obtained by at least three independent experiments in triplicate for each test. Results: Through enolate-mediated organocatalysis, 1,2,3-triazoles 3 derived from fatty β-ketoesters were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields by reacting fatty esters 1 with aryl azides 2 in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (5 mol%). All compounds derived from palmitic acetoacetate 1a were evaluated regarding induced cytotoxicity in vitro in a human bladder cancer cell line, and compounds 3a, 3d, 3e, and 3g were shown to be promising alternatives for bladder cancer treatment and presented the lowest inhibitory concentration of IC50. Conclusion: We described a synthetic procedure to prepare 1,2,3-triazoles derived from fatty β-ketoesters by DBU-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of fatty esters with different aryl azides. Compounds derived from palmitic acetoacetate were screened for antitumor and cytotoxic activity in vitro in human bladder cancer cell lines, and compounds 3a, 3d, 3e, and 3g showed potential to treat bladder cancer.

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34

Li, Hongji, Xiaoyu Xie, and Lei Wang. "Ruthenium-catalyzed alkenylation of azoxybenzenes with alkenes through ortho-selective C–H activation." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 32 (2014): 4218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc00449c.

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35

Tabatabaeian, Khalil, Mohammad Ali Zanjanchi, Nosrat O. Mahmoodi, and Tooraj Eftekhari. "Anchorage of a ruthenium complex into modified MOF: synergistic effects for selective oxidation of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds." RSC Advances 5, no. 122 (2015): 101013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra18179h.

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36

Kuninobu, Yoichiro, Yuta Nishina, Atsushi Kawata, Makoto Shouho, and Kazuhiko Takai. "Rhenium-catalyzed synthesis of indene derivatives via C-H bond activation." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 5 (January 1, 2008): 1149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880051149.

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Rhenium complex, [ReBr(CO)3(thf)]2-catalyzed reactions between aromatic imines and either acetylenes or α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds gave indene derivatives in good to excellent yields. These reactions proceed via C-H bond activation, insertion of acetylenes or α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization, and reductive elimination. Indene derivatives were also obtained from aromatic ketones and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the presence of catalytic amounts of the rhenium complex and p-anisidine. Sequential ruthenium-catalyzed hydroamination of aromatic acetylenes with anilines, and rhenium-catalyzed reactions of the formed aromatic ketimines with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds also provided indene derivatives.

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37

Wang, Jie-Xiang, Xian-Tai Zhou, Qi Han, Xiao-Xuan Guo, Xiao-Hui Liu, Can Xue, and Hong-Bing Ji. "Efficient and selective oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds at room temperature by a ruthenium complex catalyst and hydrogen peroxide." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 48 (2019): 19415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj04393d.

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38

Kuang, Jian, Yang Li, Lihong Wang, Zunyi Wu, Qunfang Lei, Wenjun Fang, and Hujun Xie. "A substrate-dependent mechanism for the reactions of a hydrido(hydrosilylene)ruthenium complex with carbonyl compounds: insights from quantum chemical calculations." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 1 (2017): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj02361d.

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39

Wang, Tsang-Hsiu, Feng-Ling Wu, Guan-Ru Chiang, Sheng-Ting He, and Yih-Hsing Lo. "ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Ruthenium Azido Complex Containing a Tp Ligand and Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Organic Azides with Alkynes in Organic and Aqueous Media: Experimental and Computational Studies." ChemInform 46, no. 17 (April 2015): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201517188.

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40

Cuello-Garibo, Jordi-Amat, Catriona C. James, Maxime A. Siegler, and Sylvestre Bonnet. "Ruthenium-based PACT compounds based on an N,S non-toxic ligand: a delicate balance between photoactivation and thermal stability." Chemistry Squared 1 (December 1, 2017): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.28954/2017.csq.12.002.

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In photoactivated chemotherapy, the photocleavable protecting group that prevents the bioactive compound from interacting with biomolecules in the dark is sometimes cytotoxic, which makes interpretation of phototoxicity challenging. For ruthenium polypyridyl complexes new, non-toxic protecting ligands that prevent a toxic metal complex from binding to biomolecules in the dark, but that can be efficiently photosubstituted upon visible light irradiation to recover the high toxicity of the metal complex, are necessary. In this work, we report on the synthesis, stereochemical characterization and cytotoxicity of a series of polypyridyl complexes; [Ru(bpy)2(mtpa)](PF6)2 ([1](PF6)2, bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine), [Ru(bpy)(dmbpy)(mtpa)](PF6)2 ([2](PF6)2, dmbpy = 6,6’-dimethyl-2,2’-bipyridine), and [Ru(dmbpy)2(mtpa)](PF6)2 ([3](PF6)2) based on the non-toxic 3-(methylthio)propylamine protecting ligand (mtpa). The number of methyl groups had a crucial effect on the photochemistry and cytotoxicity of these complexes. The non-strained complex [1]2+ was not capable of fully releasing mtpa and was not phototoxic in lung cancer cells (A549). In the most strained complex [3]2+, thermal stability was lost, leading to poor photoactivation in vitro and a generally high toxicity also without light activation. The heteroleptic complex [2]2+ with intermediate strain showed, upon blue light irradiation, efficient mtpa photosubstitution and increased cytotoxicity in cancer cells, but photosubstitution was not selective. Overall, fine-tuning of the lipophilicity and steric strain of ruthenium complexes appears as an efficient method to obtain phototoxic ruthenium-based photoactivated chemotherapeutic prodrugs, at the cost of synthetic simplicity and photosubstitution selectivity.

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Liao, Guojian, Zhengyuan Ye, Yunlu Liu, Bin Fu, and Chen Fu. "Octahedral ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes as antimicrobial agents against mycobacterium." PeerJ 5 (April 27, 2017): e3252. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3252.

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Tuberculosis is one of the world’s deadliest infectious disease with 1.5 millions deaths annually. It is imperative to discover novel compounds with potent activity against M. tuberculosis. In this study, susceptibilities of M. smegmatis to the octahedral ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes, 1 {[(bpy)3Ru] (PF6)2 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine)}, 2 {[(phen)2Ru(dppz)](PF6)2 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, dppz = dipyridophenazine)} and 3 {[(phen)3Ru](PF6)2} were measured by broth microdilution and reported as the MIC values. Toxicities of complex 3 to LO2 and hepG2 cell lines were also measured. Complex 2 inhibited the growth of M. smegmatis with MIC value of 2 µg/mL, while complex 3 was bactericidal with MIC value of 26 µg/mL. Furthermore, the bactericidal activity of complex 3 was dependent on reactive oxygen species production. Complex 3 showed no cytotoxicity against LO2 and hepG2 cell lines at concentration as high as 64 µg/mL, paving the way for further optimization and development as a novel antibacterial agent for the treatment of M. tuberculosis infection.

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42

Poddutoori, Prashanth Kumar, Premaladha Poddutoori, and Bhaskar G. Maiya. "Synthesis, spectroscopy and photochemistry of dyads and triads with porphyrins and bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II) complex." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 10, no. 08 (August 2006): 1049–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424606000405.

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A bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II) complex ([Ru]2+) was covalently connected via a floppy - OCH 2 CH 2 O - spacer to the free-base porphyrin (H) or zinc(II) porphyrin (Zn) or both, to obtain dyads ([HRu]2+, [ZnRu]2+) and triads ([HRuH]2+, [ZnRuH]2+, [ZnRuZn]2+). These compounds have been fully characterized by MALDI, UV-vis, 1 H NMR (1D and 1 H -1 H COSY) spectroscopies, and also by the cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric techniques. Absorption spectroscopy of these newly synthesized compounds shows that significant exciton coupling exists in non-polar solvents (cyclohexane and toluene) between the porphyrin ring and the bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II) complex. Upon excitation within the Soret band of [HRu]2+/[HRuH]2+, free-base porphyrin fluorescence was found to be strongly quenched in non-polar and weakly quenched in polar solvents, probably due to ‘singlet-triplet’ energy transfer from the free-base porphyrin to the [Ru]2+ complex. Whereas, in [ZnRu]2+/[ZnRuZn]2+, zinc(II) porphyrin fluorescence was quantitatively and reasonably quenched in non-polar and polar solvents, respectively by mainly electron transfer from the zinc(II) porphyrin to the [Ru]2+ complex. The solvent plays a crucial role in the photophysical properties of these compounds, since the energy of the triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) excited state is influenced by the polarity of the medium. Finally, [ZnRuH]2+ exhibits the combined fluorescence properties of [HRu]2+ and [ZnRu]2+ but the observed additional quenching in non-polar solvents for the zinc(II) porphyrin component is explained by energy transfer from the zinc(II) porphyrin to the free-base porphyrin and/or the bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II) complex.

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43

Szukalski, Adam, Adam Kabanski, Julia Goszyk, Marek Adaszynski, Milena Kaczmarska, Radoslaw Gaida, Michal Wyskiel, and Jaroslaw Mysliwiec. "Triboluminescence Phenomenon Based on the Metal Complex Compounds—A Short Review." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 7142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237142.

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Triboluminescence (TL) is a phenomenon of light emission resulting from the mechanical force applied to a substance. Although TL has been observed for many ages, the radiation mechanism is still under investigation. One of the exemplary compounds which possesses triboluminescent properties are copper(I) thiocyanate bipyridine triphenylphosphine complex [Cu(NCS)(py)2(PPh3)], europium tetrakis dibenzoylmethide triethylammonium EuD4TEA, tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2, and bis(triphenylphosphine oxide)manganese(II) bromide Mn(Ph3PO)2Br2. Due to the effortless synthesis route and distinct photo- and triboluminescent properties, these compounds may be useful model substances for the research on the triboluminescence mechanism. The advance of TL studies may lead to the development of a new group of sensors based on force-responsive (mechanical stimuli) materials. This review constitutes a comprehensive theoretical study containing available information about the coordination of metal complex synthesis methodologies with their physical, chemical, and spectroscopic properties.

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Tanaka, Shinji, Masato Kitamura, Shoutaro Iwase, Sena Kanda, Marie Kato, and Yutaro Kiriyama. "Ruthenium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Dehydrative Allylic Cyclization of Five-Membered Chalcogen Heteroaromatics." Synthesis 53, no. 17 (June 7, 2021): 3121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1523-6826.

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AbstractThe asymmetric dehydrative intramolecular allylation reactions of furan and thiophene were performed using a cationic cyclopentadienyl-ruthenium (CpRu) complex of a chiral pyridine carboxylic acid, namely Cl-Naph-PyCOOH. Both furan and thiophene tethered with an allylic alcohol gave the corresponding bicyclic compounds in high yields and enantioselectivities using 0.1–5 mol% of the catalyst. The reaction was found to proceed via a similar enantioface selection mechanism to that previously reported by our group, which involved halogen and hydrogen bond formation, in addition to the generation of an intermediate σ-allyl complex.

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45

Tatikonda, Rajendhraprasad, and Matti Haukka. "Ruthenium(II) carbonyl compounds with the 4′-chloro-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine ligand." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 73, no. 4 (March 21, 2017): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989017003917.

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Two ruthenium carbonyl complexes with the 4′-chloro-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine ligand (tpy-Cl, C15H10ClN3),i.e.[RuCl(tpy-Cl)(CO)2][RuCl3(CO)3] (I) [systematic name:cis-dicarbonylchlorido(4′-chloro-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-κ3N)ruthenium(II)fac-tricarbonyltrichloridoruthenate(II)], and [RuCl2(tpy-Cl)(CO)2] (II) [cis-dicarbonyl-trans-dichlorido(4′-chloro-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-κ2N1,N1′)ruthenium(II)], were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The RuIIatoms in both centrosymmetric structures (I) and (II) display similar, slightly distorted octahedral coordination spheres. The coordination sphere in the complex cation in compound (I) is defined by three N atoms of the tridentate tpy-Cl ligand, two carbonyl carbon atoms and one chlorido ligand; the charge is balanced by an octahedral [Ru(CO)3Cl3]−counter-anion. In the neutral compound (II), the tpy-Cl ligand coordinates to the metal only through two of its N atoms. The coordination sphere of the RuIIatom is completed by two carbonyl and two chlorido ligands. In the crystal structures of both (I) and (II), weak C—H...Cl interactions are observed.

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46

Saha, Koushik, Urminder Kaur, Rosmita Borthakur, and Sundargopal Ghosh. "Synthesis of Trithia-Borinane Complexes Stabilized in Diruthenium Core: [(Cp*Ru)2(η1-S)(η1-CS){(CH2)2S3BR}] (R = H or SMe)." Inorganics 7, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics7020021.

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The thermolysis of arachno-1 [(Cp*Ru)2(B3H8)(CS2H)] in the presence of tellurium powder yielded a series of ruthenium trithia-borinane complexes: [(Cp*Ru)2(η1-S)(η1-CS){(CH2)2S3BH}] 2, [(Cp*Ru)2(η1-S)(η1-CS){(CH2)2S3B(SMe)}] 3, and [(Cp*Ru)2(η1-S)(η1-CS){(CH2)2S3BH}] 4. Compounds 2–4 were considered as ruthenium trithia-borinane complexes, where the central six-membered ring {C2BS3} adopted a boat conformation. Compounds 2–4 were similar to our recently reported ruthenium diborinane complex [(Cp*Ru){(η2-SCHS)CH2S2(BH2)2}]. Unlike diborinane, where the central six-membered ring {CB2S3} adopted a chair conformation, compounds 2–4 adopted a boat conformation. In an attempt to convert arachno-1 into a closo or nido cluster, we pyrolyzed it in toluene. Interestingly, the reaction led to the isolation of a capped butterfly cluster, [(Cp*Ru)2(B3H5)(CS2H2)] 5. All the compounds were characterized by 1H, 11B{1H}, and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of complexes 2, 3, and 5 were also determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

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47

Kamigata, Nobumasa, Kimiko Ishii, Takeshi Ohtsuka, and Haruo Matsuyama. "SH2′ Type Reactions of Arenesulfonyl Chlorides with Allylic Compounds Catalyzed by a Ruthenium(II) Complex." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 64, no. 11 (November 1991): 3479–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.64.3479.

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48

Talotta, Francesco, Leticia González, and Martial Boggio-Pasqua. "CASPT2 Potential Energy Curves for NO Dissociation in a Ruthenium Nitrosyl Complex." Molecules 25, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 2613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112613.

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Ruthenium nitrosyl complexes are fascinating photoactive compounds showing complex photoreactivity, such as N→O linkage photoisomerism and NO photorelease. This dual photochemical behavior has been the subject of many experimental studies in order to optimize these systems for applications as photoswitches or therapeutic agents for NO delivery. However, despite recent experimental and computational studies along this line, the underlying photochemical mechanisms still need to be elucidated for a more efficient design of these systems. Here, we present a theoretical contribution based on the calculations of excited-state potential energy profiles for NO dissociation in the prototype trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4]2+ complex at the complete active space second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2). The results point to a sequential two-step photon absorption photorelease mechanism coupled to partial photoisomerization to a side-on intermediate, in agreement with previous density functional theory calculations.

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49

Sathiyaraj, Subbaiyan, Ganesan Ayyannan, and Chinnasamy Jayabalakrishnan. "Synthesis, spectral, dna binding and cleavage properties of ruthenium(II) Schiff base complexes containing PPh3/AsPh3 as co-ligands." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 79, no. 2 (2014): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc121201073s.

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A dihydroxybenzaldehyde Schiff base ligands (L1-L3) and its ruthenium(II) complexes, have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, mass spectra, UV-vis and IR spectra. The binding of ruthenium(II) complexes have been investigated by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The experiment reveals that all the compounds can bind to DNA through an electrostatic mode and intrinsic binding constant (Kb) has been estimated under similar set of experimental conditions. Absorption spectral study indicate that the ruthenium(II) complexes has intrinsic binding constant in the range of 1.6-8.6 X 104 M-1. The complex [Ru(CO)(PPh3)2(L3)] bind more strongly than that of the other complexes. In addition, DNA cleavage property were tested for all ruthenium(II) complexes.

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50

DIXON, ISABELLE M., and JEAN-PAUL COLLIN. "Synthesis and properties of diads based on tetra-aryl porphyrins and ruthenium bis-terpyridine-type complexes." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 05, no. 07 (July 2001): 600–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpp.370.

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Four diads consisting of a free-base or zinc aryl-porphyrin associated with two ruthenium(II) bis(terdentate) complexes (non-cyclometallated Ru ( N 6) or cylometallated Ru ( N 5 C )) have been synthesized. The strong electron-withdrawing properties of the Ru ( N 6) as compared to the Ru ( N 5 C ) complex have been illustrated by their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties. Emission spectra of the diads and the reference compounds have shown that very efficient fluorescence quenching occurs, probably by energy transfer processes from the porphyrin to the 3MLCT excited state of the ruthenium unit.

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