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Academic literature on the topic 'Russian communities'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 22 June 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Russian communities":

1

Anh, Dang Nguyen, Sergey V. Ryazantsev, Marina N. Khramova, and Svetlana Yu Sivoplyasova. "RUSSIAN-SPEAKING COMMUNITIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 1. ECONOMICS AND LAW, no. 1 (2022): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2022-1-01.

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The article analyzes the situation of Russian-speaking communities in the countries of Southeast Asia in the period from 2015 to 2021. Particular attention is paid to the situation that has developed as a result of the restrictions imposed due to the coronavirus pandemic. It is shown that, in general, Russians living in the countries of Southeast Asia showed good adaptability to the changed situation. The most difficult period was in the first few months after the announcement of the quarantine. In the future, after the lifting of part of the restrictions on internal movements, as well as due to the presence of remote employment among the majority of Russians living in the countries of Southeast Asia, the situation began to improve. A number of countries have made it possible for foreign nationals to get vaccinated. A characteristic feature of the migration of Russians to the countries of Southeast Asia is that in most cases the main migration trajectories lie in the plane of tourism, that is, "from a tourist to a permanent resident." The largest Russian-speaking communities are currently concentrated in Vietnam and Thailand. Up until the start of the pandemic, there was also an increase in the interest of Russians in such countries of the region as Cambodia, Myanmar, and Singapore. A combination of attractive factors, including a relatively loyal visa regime in most countries of the region, a warm climate throughout the year, and a low cost of living, attract Russians from different regions of Russia. At the same time, in the vast majority of cases, Russians retain their citizenship, as well as real estate and close ties with Russia. Many of them continue to work remotely in their companies and organizations, and additional income is provided by renting out apartments in Russia. The paper concludes that after the end of the pandemic and the lifting of the main restrictions on international travel, the attractiveness of the countries of Southeast Asia for Russians will be quickly restored.
2

Sushchiy, Sergey. "The Russian population of the near abroad: geodemographic dynamics of the post-Soviet period." Демографическое обозрение 7, no. 5 (October 14, 2021): 100–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/demreview.v7i5.13200.

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This article explores the geodemographic dynamics of the Russian population of the near abroad in the post-Soviet period. It analyzes the quantitative changes and transformation of its geography, the level of urbanization and the gender and age structure. The study shows that in the post-Soviet period there was a sharp decline in the number of Russians in all of the near abroad. This process was most intensive in the 1990s. The maximum demographic losses during this period were suffered by the Russian population of Transcaucasia and a number of countries in Central Asia. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the rate and absolute scale of decline are decreasing, but the trend itself remains stable. This is associated with the natural decline of the Russian population, its migration to Russia and foreign countries, and assimilation. The relationship of these factors to the quantitative decline has varied across time and across individual countries. In almost all Russian communities a significant preponderance of women is recorded. The median age of Russians in all countries of the near abroad is more than 40 years. The level of urbanization of Russians in most of these countries has decreased. Better preserved are the metropolitan and rural Russian populations. The demographic ratio of the Russian communities of individual countries and macroregions has changed. The numbers of Russians in Kazakhstan and Ukraine (without the people's republics of Donbass) are already comparable, and there are more Russians in the Baltic countries than in Central Asia. Russian communities of unrecognized (or partially recognized) States are characterized by increased demographic stability.
3

Khramova, Marina N., Abubakr Kh Rakhmonov, and Dmitry P. Zorin. "EMIGRATION AND THE RUSSIAN-SPEAKING COMMUNITIES IN THE UNITED STATES: THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE PANDEMIC AND GEOPOLITICAL TENSIONS IN 2022." Scientific Review. Series 2. Human sciences, no. 5-6 (2022): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4685-2022-5-6-03.

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The article discusses some aspects of the modern history of emigration from Russia to the United States, the factors and scale of emigration flows. The features of the visa regime between the Russian Federation and the United States in the context of obtaining various types of visas by Russian citizens are analyzed. Some data on the number, structure and distribution of the Russian-speaking population in individual US states are given. It is shown that the emigration sentiments of Russians towards the United States are based on economic, social, and, to some extent, political factors. It is shown that in recent years the number of non-immigrant visas issued to Russians in the United States has significantly decreased. An additional factor in the decline in the number of visas issued was the pandemic, which disrupted the mobility of the population around the world. The situation in Ukraine led to a further cooling of relations between Russia and the United States, including the impact on the attitude towards the Russian-speaking population in the United States by the local population and authorities. There are precedents associated with discrimination against the Russian-speaking population in the United States. Cases of appeals of citizens of the Russian Federation to international human rights organizations for the protection of their rights were recorded. Also, since the beginning of the conflict situation between Russia and Ukraine, a new wave of emigration from Russia to the United States has begun. The US and EU countries have consistently introduced several packages of sanctions against Russia and the Russian leadership, which has led to the withdrawal of many foreign companies from the Russian market. At present, we can only draw preliminary conclusions, but there is reason to believe that among those leaving there are many young professionals who will have to build a life in a new reality for themselves. Therefore, one of the tasks that we set is to investigate the impact of new external factors on the formation of Russian-speaking communities in the United States.
4

Ryazantsev, Sergey V., Marina N. Khramova, Irina N. Molodikova, and Julianna Faludi. "RUSSIAN SPEAKING COMMUNITIES IN AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY: APPROACHES TO IDENTIFICATION, ASSESSMENT OF NUMBERS AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 1. ECONOMICS AND LAW, no. 1-2 (2020): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2020-1-2-01.

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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of Russian-speaking communities in two European countries — Austria and Hungary — in the post-Soviet period. Some historical factors of the emergence of Russian-speaking communities in these countries, the current state, popula-tion dynamics and demographic structure are considered. It is noted that in the last decade, both in Austria and Hungary, the interest of Russians as countries of potential emigration has been growing. High standards of quality of life, a stable economy, a favorable climate, and a rich cultural heritage make Austria very attractive to Russians. The relative low cost of living, mild climate, inexpensive real estate and the possibility of registering it as property contribute to the growth of Russian interest in Hungary. The main channels for increasing the number of Russian-speaking communities at present can be considered marriage migration, family reunification, and educational migration. The gender structure is dominated by women. A significant part of the representatives of Russian-speaking communities is well integrated into the host societies. One of the important elements of the interaction of Russian-speaking communities in Austria and Hungary is the Russian language. The article estimates its prevalence based on an analysis of the Russian-language press, social networks, the functioning of schools and Russian language courses.
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Mesraini, Mesraini, and Nur Rohim Yunus. "Russia's Legal Policy Against Diaspora Marriages in Muslim Communities." Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 7, no. 3 (September 12, 2023): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.18854.

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This article discusses the politics of marriage law in the Russian Muslim diaspora. The Muslim community in Russia faces challenges in carrying out their marriage according to the principles of the Islamic religion amidst the legal regulations in force. This article analyzes the political development of marriage law in the Russian Muslim diaspora, including the recognition of Islamic marriage law, the settlement of legal conflicts between Islamic marriage and state law, and the role of Islamic organizations in safeguarding Muslim marriage rights. This article also presents case studies, examples of legal marriage practices in the Russian Muslim diaspora, and obstacles and solutions encountered in dealing with different legal regulations. This study uses normative research methods. Conceptual, literary and sociological approaches are used in normative or doctrinal research. Data analysis in this study used qualitative analysis methods. The results of the study state that there are political implications of the marriage law of the Russian Muslim diaspora, in addition to the challenges and opportunities in fulfilling the elements of the rights of the Muslim community in Russia. Therefore, it is expected to contribute to broadening the understanding of the politics of marriage law in the Russian Muslim diaspora and exploring issues related to Muslim marriage rights in the context of that country.
6

Anderson, Barbara A., Brian D. Silver, Mikk Titma, and Eduard D. Ponarin. "6 Estonian and Russian Communities." International Journal of Sociology 26, no. 2 (June 1996): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15579336.1996.11770137.

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Zdun, Steffen. "‘Russian’ Communities in German Prisons." Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 9, sup1 (December 2008): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14043850802450070.

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Vysoven, Oksana, and Yurii Fihurnyi. "Attitude of Russian Aggressors and their Supporters to Believers of Different Faiths in Ukraine (2014—2022)." Ukrainian Studies, no. 3(84) (November 9, 2022): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.3(84).2022.264990.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the attitude of the Russian aggressors and their proxies to the religious communities of Ukraine in 2014–2022. It has been established that in its essence «Russian World» is a neo-imperial geopolitical ideological doctrine aimed at theoretical justification and practical restoration of «great historical Russia» in the borders of the Russian Empire at the peak of its power in 1914. It turned out that with the help of the «Russian world», an important «soft power» of the Kremlin, Russia first planned to take over the mental space of Ukraine and the brains of its citizens, and then, in case of urgent need, to enter its troops and finally annex this territory to their state. It is shown that the Russian Orthodox Church played an important role in the neo-imperial plans of Russia, as it acted as an active provider of the «Russian world» in the spiritual, political, cultural and humanitarian space of Ukraine, and with the help of its branch, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, actively created threats and obstacles to the consolidation of Ukrainian society, thereby destroying the spiritual and practical foundations of unifying processes in Ukraine. It is substantiated that Russia's undeclared war against Ukraine and Ukrainians, which began in 2014 and its temporary occupation of a large part of Ukrainian territories, became a real test for the Ukrainian state and its citizens and a terrible tragedy for believers of all faiths. The main reason for the hatred of religious communities by Russian terrorist groups in the temporarily occupied territories has been determined, which consists in the fact that the occupiers recognize only one religious organization as legitimate, namely the Russian Orthodox Church and its integral part – the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, all other religious denominations are illegal and hostile and must therefore be eliminated. Examples of crimes against humanity committed by Russian terrorist forces in the territories temporarily occupied by the enemy of Ukraine against religious communities are highlighted.
9

Volkhonskiy, M. A., and V. M. Mukhanov. "The Concept of Russian World. Variability of Understanding in the Context of International Processes." Journal of International Analytics, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2019-0-4-58-65.

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The article analyzes the concept of the Russian world, which became firmly established in the modern Russian political lexicon in the second half of the 2000s. The objective basis for the concept is the existence of numerous Russianspeaking communities outside of modern Russia, together with significant civilizational role of Russian language and culture. A characteristic feature of this concept is the lack of a clear, unambiguous definition of what the Russian world really is. At the moment, there are many definitions ascribing numerous meanings to the linguistic form Russian world. The article considers the peculiarities of the life of Russian communities in the near (the Post-Soviet space) and far abroad in the context of modern international processes. In conclusion, taking into account the variable meanings of the concept, as well as the negative experience of the policy pursued by Russian authorities in relation to Russian communities abroad, possible directions of alternation and development of this policy in the future are outlined.
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Obushnyi, Mykola. "FEATURES OF ETHNOCULTURAL ACTIVITY OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA IN RUSSIA IN THE AGE OF PUTINISM." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 28 (2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2021.28.13.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the Ukrainian diaspora organizations ethnocultural activity peculiarities in the Russian Federation (RF), the beginning of which is connected with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the proclamation of Ukraine‟s independence (1991). The author connects their appearance with the growth of national consciousness, which was based on the idea of Ukraine‟s independence. This idea has always been perceived extremely negatively and cautiously by the ruling class of Russia, as well as by a significant number of Russians, at all times when Ukrainians were under the imperial roof. Even in the conditions of the total crisis at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, when the systemic disintegration of the USSR began, the Communist Party leadership constantly kept the "Ukrainian question" in view. This is confirmed, in particular, by the termination in 1989 of the magazine "Ukrainian Question", the publication of which was organized by the Moscow branch of the "Ukrainian Helsinki Union". A similar fate befell a number of other Ukrainian communities already in modern Russia. Among them are the two largest all-Russian diaspora organizations of Ukrainians in Russia: the Union of Ukrainians of Russia (ESD) and the Federal National-Cultural Autonomy "Ukrainians of Russia" (FNKAUR). The analysis below shows that their activities were carried out in accordance with Russian legislation, in particular the Federal Law of Russia "On National and Cultural Autonomy" and was aimed at organizing and conducting ethnocultural work among Ukrainians. However, Putin's leadership found "evidence of political activity" from both ESD and FNKAUR and banned their activities by court order. In fact, the main reasons for the author's cessation are the independence policy of modern Ukraine and the leaders of Ukrainian diasporas, their "disobedience" to pursue Russia's state imperial policy among Ukrainians, and their unwillingness to ignore the ethnocultural needs of Ukrainians. Currently, there is no all-Russian organization of Ukrainians in Russia. Activists of the Ukrainian diaspora have repeatedly, and since 2014, tried to register at least one of them, but they are constantly denied on the grounds that they will allegedly "glorify Bandera" and negatively affect Ukrainian-Russian relations. In fact, the reason is different, namely, in the traditional imperialism not only of Russia's ruling class, but also of a significant number of Russians who do not see a Russian neo-empire without Ukraine. This Russian propaganda cliché penetrated deeply not only into the consciousness of Russians, but also distorted the national consciousness of a significant number of Ukrainians in Russia, who cease to identify themselves as Ukrainians. The article emphasizes that the deidentification of our compatriots is based on persecution, harassment, contempt, not only the Kremlin authorities, but also a significant number of Russians towards Ukrainians in Russia.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Russian communities":

1

Ingram, Alan Robert. "A nation split into fragments : Russian nationalism and the Congress of Russian Communities." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321960.

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Ingram, A. R. "'A nation split into fragments' : the geopolitics of Russian nationalism and the Congress of Russian Communities." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604931.

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This thesis is a study of the Congress of Russian Communities (KRO), a Russian nationalist movement which emerged in 1993, aiming to reunite all ethnic Russians within an enlarged Russian state. It is argued that the movement failed in its own terms due to ideological contradictions, organisational weaknesses, and counter strategies on the part of the Russian state, but did have a significant influence on Russian state policy, and constitutes a theoretically important phenomenon in the geopolitics of the post-Soviet states. A theoretical framework is developed through a critical review of work on nationalism, also taking into account literature on critical geopolitics, identity, social movements and the state. Nationalism is framed as a geopolitical strategy closely related to the geopolitics of the state system. In order to understand the context within which the KRO emerged, the geopolitics of Russian identity in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union and early post Soviet period are discussed. The KRO's ideology is analysed in terms of key discourses which forge a specific form of Russian identity and a programme for geopolitical change. This ideology is contrasted with those of other right wing movements and the policies of the Yeltsin administration. The KRO, and much Russian nationalism in general, is shown to be intimately (yet problematically) related to statism, another important post-Soviet ideology. The KRO's challenge for state power is then analysed. The origins, structure and development of the KRO, and the political careers of its key figures are reviewed. The KRO's emergence from within the Russian right wing, its links with pro-Russian organisations across the post-Soviet states, and its role in the forging of government policy are traced. Counter strategies on the part of Russian state institutions are also considered. The high point of the KRO's challenge came in 1995 with the construction of a broad electoral coalition. The political geography of the coalition and the geography of its performance at the elections to the Russian state Duma are examined and explained, both in terms of the KRO's ideology and organisation, and in comparison with competitor organisations. In conclusion, the consequences of the KRO's challenge for Russian nationalism and the geopolitics of the post-Soviet states in general are considered.
3

Pechurina, Anna. "Creating a home from home : Russian communities in the UK." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525945.

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Kopnina, Helen. "'Invisible communities' : Russian migration in the nineteen nineties in London and Amsterdam." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620200.

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Judina, Aldona. "Performing Russianness : narratives and everyday conversations of the Russian communities in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11712.

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The main aim of this project is to explore the construction of national identity as performed by members of the Russian-speaking communities living in Scotland through the analysis of intergenerational narratives and conversations between parents and their children appearing in families in everyday situations. The subject of the research is the Russian community living in Scotland. This thesis aims to answer the following questions: How do Russian migrants construct and re-construct their Russianness during the constant process of interpretation of the new reality, new country, new culture. In what way do they attempt to exhibit their Russianness to their children in the process of everyday interaction? How do the children respond to these attempts and how do they contribute and co-construct the creation of identity? Which linguistic means and strategies are used to display and pass on the elements of the identity constructed? Are there any patterns used by adults in identity creations or any likely systematic actions undertaken during the identity performances? Do the adults achieve their intended aims, if they have any? The methodological framework of the thesis exploits Foucault’s, Goffman’s and Blumer’s theories in which the identity is seen as a discursive phenomenon created and shaped by interactions appearing in everyday situations. The empirical data are analysed using Bucholtz and Hall’s sociocultural linguistic approach which enables the embedding of the study of interaction in a broader ethnographic context. Moreover, in the analytical part of the thesis the Conversational Analysis, Narrative Analysis and Membership Categorisation Analysis are employed.
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Kliuchnikova, Polina. "Linguistic biographies & communities of language of Russian speakers in Great Britain." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11374/.

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In migration, language undergoes crucial changes. Not only are the linguistic practices of migrants reshaped in the new environment, but migrant displacement has a major effect on the way language users see and talk about language as such, especially in relation to linguistic varieties they encounter or acquire as part of their migrant experiences. Migrants’ transforming attitudes to language also interfere with other, non-linguistic areas of their lives – family relationships, career pathways, networking with fellow migrants, and daily interactions with the host environment. The way a layperson considers ‘their’ language in relation to the language of ‘others’ plays a crucial role in their identity construction – both as a factor and a domain for expression. The sociolinguistic context of a new culture is a defining factor in the transformation of one’s metalinguistic thinking. This thesis focuses on post-Soviet Russian-speaking migrants in the UK and explores their linguistic practices, language attitudes and discourses on language(s) as a key factor in their cultural integration in the host society. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork (in-depth semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and the discourse analysis of printed and online documents) conducted between 2011 and 2014, principally in the North-East of England. The central argument of the thesis is that the cultural phenomenon of ‘Russophonism’ (russkoiazychie) presents a dynamic model which functions in two ways. Firstly, it is a frame to express shared meanings of belonging to the post-Soviet domain, through which individual linguistic identities and community practices are expressed. Russophonism also influences migrants’ on-going relationship with and views of their home countries and the FSU context in general. Secondly, migrants’ understanding of Russophonism is a flexible tool to interpret current migrant experiences and to create new meanings of what being a migrant in the UK implies both for their personal life trajectories and for their self-presentation as a group.
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Hickman, Jarmila. "A diachronic study of Russian and Czech headlines : sociolinguistic shifts in media discourse." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2008. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5870/.

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Welker, Lauren ELizabeth. "Rural Inequality in the Republic of Karelia: Considering Nonfarm Communities in Russian Rural Studies." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1293723070.

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Bischoff, Juliane. "Microbial communities and their response to Pleistocene and Holocene climate variabilities in the Russian Arctic." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6889/.

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The Arctic is considered as a focal region in the ongoing climate change debate. The currently observed and predicted climate warming is particularly pronounced in the high northern latitudes. Rising temperatures in the Arctic cause progressive deepening and duration of permafrost thawing during the arctic summer, creating an ‘active layer’ with high bioavailability of nutrients and labile carbon for microbial consumption. The microbial mineralization of permafrost carbon creates large amounts of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide and methane, which can be released to the atmosphere, creating a positive feedback to global warming. However, to date, the microbial communities that drive the overall carbon cycle and specifically methane production in the Arctic are poorly constrained. To assess how these microbial communities will respond to the predicted climate changes, such as an increase in atmospheric and soil temperatures causing increased bioavailability of organic carbon, it is necessary to investigate the current status of this environment, but also how these microbial communities reacted to climate changes in the past. This PhD thesis investigated three records from two different study sites in the Russian Arctic, including permafrost, lake shore and lake deposits from Siberia and Chukotka. A combined stratigraphic approach of microbial and molecular organic geochemical techniques were used to identify and quantify characteristic microbial gene and lipid biomarkers. Based on this data it was possible to characterize and identify the climate response of microbial communities involved in past carbon cycling during the Middle Pleistocene and the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. It is shown that previous warmer periods were associated with an expansion of bacterial and archaeal communities throughout the Russian Arctic, similar to present day conditions. Different from this situation, past glacial and stadial periods experienced a substantial decrease in the abundance of Bacteria and Archaea. This trend can also be confirmed for the community of methanogenic archaea that were highly abundant and diverse during warm and particularly wet conditions. For the terrestrial permafrost, a direct effect of the temperature on the microbial communities is likely. In contrast, it is suggested that the temperature rise in scope of the glacial-interglacial climate variations led to an increase of the primary production in the Arctic lake setting, as can be seen in the corresponding biogenic silica distribution. The availability of this algae-derived carbon is suggested to be a driver for the observed pattern in the microbial abundance. This work demonstrates the effect of climate changes on the community composition of methanogenic archae. Methanosarcina-related species were abundant throughout the Russian Arctic and were able to adapt to changing environmental conditions. In contrast, members of Methanocellales and Methanomicrobiales were not able to adapt to past climate changes. This PhD thesis provides first evidence that past climatic warming led to an increased abundance of microbial communities in the Arctic, closely linked to the cycling of carbon and methane production. With the predicted climate warming, it may, therefore, be anticipated that extensive amounts of microbial communities will develop. Increasing temperatures in the Arctic will affect the temperature sensitive parts of the current microbiological communities, possibly leading to a suppression of cold adapted species and the prevalence of methanogenic archaea that tolerate or adapt to increasing temperatures. These changes in the composition of methanogenic archaea will likely increase the methane production potential of high latitude terrestrial regions, changing the Arctic from a carbon sink to a source.
Die Arktis ist in den gegenwärtigen Diskussionen zum Klimawandel von besonderem Interesse. Die derzeitig beobachtete globale Erwärmung ist in den hohen nördlichen Breiten besonders ausgeprägt. Dies führt dazu, dass ehemals gefrorene Böden zunehmend tiefer auftauen und daher im Boden enthaltene Kohlenstoffquellen für die mikrobielle Umsetzung und Mineralisierung zur Verfügung stehen. Aufgrund dieser Prozesse entstehen klimarelevant Gase, darunter Kohlendioxid und Methan, die aus den Böden und Sedimenten freigesetzt werden können. Wenn man bedenkt, dass in den nördlichen Permafrostgebieten die Hälfte des weltweit unter der Bodenoberfläche gelagerten Kohlenstoffs gelagert ist, wird die Bedeutung dieser Region für das Verständnis des globalen Kohlenstoffkreislaufes und der möglichen Treibhaus-gasemissionen sichtbar. Trotz dieser Relevanz, sind die am Kohlenstoffumsatz beteiligten Mikroorganismen in der Arktis wenig untersucht und ihre Anpassungsfähigkeit an die gegenwärtigen Klimaveränderungen unbekannt. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht daher, wie sich Klimaveränderungen in der Vergangenheit auf die Anzahl und Zusammensetzung der mikrobiellen Gemeinschaften ausgewirkt haben. Dabei liegt ein besonderer Fokus auf die methanbildenden Archaeen, um das Verständnis der mikrobiellen Methandynamik zu vertiefen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden drei Bohrkerne aus zwei verschiedenen Standorten in der russischen Arktis untersucht, darunter terrestrischer Permafrost und Seesedimente aus Sibirien und Chukotka, Russland. Mittels der Identifikation und Quantifizierung von mikrobiellen Genen und charakteristischen Bestandteilen der mikrobiellen Zellmembran war es möglich, fossile mikrobielle Gemeinschaften in Seesedimenten mit einem Alter von bis zu 480 000 Jahren und in Permafrostablagerungen mit einem Alter von bis zu 42 000 Jahren zu rekonstruieren. Es wurde gezeigt, dass es während vergangener warmen Perioden zu einem Wachstum von Bakterien und Archaeen in allen untersuchten Standorten gekommen ist. Dieser Trend konnte auch für die Gemeinschaft der methanogenen Archaeen gezeigt werden, die während warmen und insbesondere feuchten Klimabedingungen in großer Anzahl und Diversität vorhanden waren, was wiederrum Rückschlüsse auf mögliche Methanemissionen erlaubt. In den terrestrischen Permafroststandorten wird der Temperaturanstieg als direkte Ursache für die gefundene Reaktion der mikrobiellen Gemeinschaft vermutet. Im Gegenzug dazu, führte der Temperaturanstieg im untersuchten arktischen See wahrscheinlich zu einer erhöhten Primärproduktion von organischem Kohlenstoff, die wiederum das Wachstum der Mikroorganismen antrieb. Weiterhin konnte im Rahmen dieser Arbeit gezeigt werden, dass Methanosarcina-verwandte Spezies in der Russischen Arktis weit verbreitet sind und sich an veränderte Umweltbedingungen gut anpassen können. Im Gegensatz dazu stehen Vertreter von Methanocellales und Methano-microbiales, die nicht in der Lage sich an veränderte Lebensbedingungen anzupassen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konnte erstmalig gezeigt werden, dass es in früheren Warmphasen zu einem vermehrten Wachstum der an der Umsetzung des organischen Kohlenstoffs beteiligten Mikroorganismen in der Russischen Arktis gekommen ist. Im Zusammenhang mit der zukünftigen Erwärmung der Arktis kann also von einer Veränderung der am Kohlenstoffkreislauf beteiligten Mikroorganismen ausgegangen werden kann. Mit den steigenden Temperaturen werden sich einige Vertreter der methanproduzierenden Mikroorganismen an die veränderten Bedingungen anpassen können, während Temperatur-empfindliche Vertreter aus dem Habitat verdrängt werden. Diese Veränderungen in der mikrobiellen Gemeinschaft können die Methanproduktion der hohen noerdlichen Breiten erhoehen und dazu beitragen, dass aus der Arktis als eine Kohlenstoffsenke eine Kohlenstoffquelle wird.
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Cheskin, Ammon Matthias. "Identity, memory, temporality and discourse : the evolving discursive positions of Latvia's Russian-speakers." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4020/.

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This thesis examines how discourses are utilised by media and political elites to construct, propagate, and alter national and ethnic identities. It uses Latvia as a case study, focusing on the construction of ‘Russian-speaking’ identity from the late Soviet period to the present. A central aim of this research is to study how discursive constructions of identity are created, and to what extent media and politicians are able to influence such constructions. In order to meaningfully assess the extent of multiple influences over discursive production and consumption this research employs a triangulated approach, using data from focus groups, elite interviews with Latvian politicians, survey data, and discourse analysis of the Latvian press. This has allowed for a fuller examination and assessment of top-down and bottom-up influences and pressures on identity creation and how these are interrelated. Previously conducted research on ethnopolitical identities in Latvia has revealed how collective memories, interpretations of the Soviet past, post-Soviet state-building policies, and issues surrounding language usage are all heavily politicised and used to demarcate the boundaries between the ‘core nation’ (Latvians) on the one hand, and ‘Russian-speakers’ on the other. Accordingly, this research explores how the constructions of these positions are negotiated, propagated, intensified, or mitigated through discursive practices, as manifested in media, political, or personal discourses. This research is concerned with the temporally contingent nature of discourses and as such, considers multiple eras, rather than a single de-contextualised and static time period, to investigate how discourses have evolved in the Latvian context. By comparing discursive productions from the late Soviet period with those of the present, it has been possible to examine how certain discursive positions have become meaningfully embedded within popularly conceived notions of identity. It has also facilitated a study of discursive strategies by people who attempt to represent Russian-speakers in the media and political spaces. This research argues that discourses are firmly rooted in the past, even if their contemporary form differs greatly from that of the past.
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Books on the topic "Russian communities":

1

Melvin, Neil. Forging the new Russian nation: Russian foreign policy and the Russian-speaking communities of the former USSR. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1994.

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Melvin, Neil. Forging the new Russian nation: Russian foreign policy and the Russian-speaking communities of the former USSR. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, Russian and CIS Programme, 1994.

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Miller, Gwenn A. Kodiak Kreol: Communities of empire in early Russian America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010.

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Cronin, Joseph. Russian-Speaking Jews in Germany’s Jewish Communities, 1990–2005. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31273-2.

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Khakhina, Lii͡a Nikolaevna. Concepts of symbiogenesis: A historical and critical study of the research of Russian botanists. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.

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Steinberg, Mark D. Moral communities: The culture of class relationsin the Russian printing industry, 1867-1907. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 1992.

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Mark, Steinberg. Moral communities: The culture of class relations in the Russian printing industry, 1867-1907. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.

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Mirkin, Boris Mikhaĭlovich. Slovarʹ poni͡a︡tiĭ i terminov sovremennoĭ fitot͡s︡enologii. Moskva: "Nauka", 1989.

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Howe, Jovan E. The peasant mode of production as exemplified by the Russian "obschina-mir". Tampere: University of Tampere, Dept. of Folk Tradition, 1991.

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Stoeckl, Kristina. Community after totalitarianism: The Russian Orthodox intellectual tradition and the philosophical discourse of political modernity. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Russian communities":

1

Khlusova, Anna. "Legitimising Political Homophobia: Sexual Minorities and Russian Television News." In Representing Communities, 97–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65030-2_6.

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Novitskaya, Alexandra. "Russian-speaking LGBTQ communities in the West." In The Routledge Handbook of Gender in Central-Eastern Europe and Eurasia, 397–405. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781138347762-66.

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Cronin, Joseph. "Background to the Russian-Jewish Immigration." In Russian-Speaking Jews in Germany’s Jewish Communities, 1990–2005, 9–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31273-2_2.

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Belovodskaja, Anastasija. "Speech Etiquette of Russian-Speaking Online Communities in Lithuania." In Speech Etiquette in Slavic Online Communities, 177–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81747-3_8.

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Golovnev, Ivan, and Elena Golovneva. "Traditional Ethno-Cultural Communities in the Modern Russian North." In Visual Representations of the Arctic, 279–94. New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge interdisciplinary perspectives on literature: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003158295-20.

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Krasnov, Fedor, Rostislav E. Yavorskiy, and Evgeniya Vlasova. "Indicators of Connectivity for Urban Scientific Communities in Russian Cities." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 111–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12580-0_11.

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Cronin, Joseph. "Responses to the Arrival of Non-halakhic Russian-Speaking Jews." In Russian-Speaking Jews in Germany’s Jewish Communities, 1990–2005, 21–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31273-2_3.

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Cronin, Joseph. "Introduction." In Russian-Speaking Jews in Germany’s Jewish Communities, 1990–2005, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31273-2_1.

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Cronin, Joseph. "The Debate Surrounding ‘Fake’ Jews." In Russian-Speaking Jews in Germany’s Jewish Communities, 1990–2005, 39–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31273-2_4.

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Cronin, Joseph. "Differing Attitudes Towards the Holocaust Between Russian-Speaking and Long-Established Jews." In Russian-Speaking Jews in Germany’s Jewish Communities, 1990–2005, 51–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31273-2_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Russian communities":

1

Bedaev, Aleksandr, Elena Mikhailova, and Valentina Tikhonova. "Russian diasporas of the Caspian region countries in the implementation of the "Russian world" project." In "The Caspian in the Digital Age" within the framework of the International Scientific Forum "Caspian 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development". Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.rsfe5616.

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A number of state and public organizations take part in pursuing cultural policy and protection of rights of compatriots in the countries of the Caspian region. Russian-speaking communities abroad are regarded as components of " the Russian World" - a civilizational community that unites them around Russia as a historical and cultural centre. The preservation of the Russian language in the post-Soviet states is focused on the studying of the language by the titular peoples of sovereign states as the language of interstate communication with Russia and to ensure favourable conditions for labour migration to Russia. In the Caspian states the status of the Russian-speaking community is constantly declining and decreasing, as well as its cultural role in the life of the independent national states. In a long run, this reduces the base of the functioning of the Russian language in the Caspian countries. The Russian World state project is officially presented as a project on preserving the Russian language in the countries where Russian communities exist. At the same time the analysis of documents and information portals, related to the Russian World program, demonstrates that the policy of the Russian Federation focused on the repatriation of ethnic Russians and Russian-speaking people to Russia lines up with their migration activity.
2

Semenov, Alexander, Jari Veijalainen, Mustafa Hajeer, and Dipankar Dasgupta. "Political Communities in Russian Portion of Liveournal." In 2014 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csci.2014.61.

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Sturm, Flavius, Liza Wohlfart, Patricia Wolf, Robert Slagter, and Tanya Emshanova. "Setting up Communities of Practice for innovative Russian SMEs." In 2006 IEEE International Technology Management Conference (ICE). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ice.2006.7477077.

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Abramov, Valery, Valery Abramov, Christiane Schmullius, Christiane Schmullius, Marcel Urban, Marcel Urban, Mathieu Belbeoch, et al. "INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DECISION SUPPORT IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WITHIN COASTAL SYSTEMS OF RUSSIAN NORTHERN SEAS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT NATURAL RISKS AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b94102833e3.03684649.

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Socio-economic development within coastal systems of the Russian Northern seas is an important component of the Strategy for development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) till 2020 (here and after AS-2020). When implementing AS-2020 important aspect is the management of natural risks. The planning horizon of AS-2020 requires the development of measures to adapt to climate change. Management of natural risks and adaptation to climate change require the development of innovative technologies for decision support based on the principles of geo-information management for spatial areas including marine planning. We present the results of research on the development of such technologies over the last years in the Arctic and Subarctic Institute at the Russian State Hydrometeorological University (ASI RSHU). During research we widely use the instruments of international cooperation. Platform https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Valery_Abramov2/?ev=hdr_xprf gave excellent opportunities to preliminary discussion and data exchange in the frame of this research. The Ministry of education and science of Russia provides financial support for this research with the state order 2525.2014/166.
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Abramov, Valery, Valery Abramov, Christiane Schmullius, Christiane Schmullius, Marcel Urban, Marcel Urban, Mathieu Belbeoch, et al. "INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DECISION SUPPORT IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WITHIN COASTAL SYSTEMS OF RUSSIAN NORTHERN SEAS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT NATURAL RISKS AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315281310.

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Socio-economic development within coastal systems of the Russian Northern seas is an important component of the Strategy for development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) till 2020 (here and after AS-2020). When implementing AS-2020 important aspect is the management of natural risks. The planning horizon of AS-2020 requires the development of measures to adapt to climate change. Management of natural risks and adaptation to climate change require the development of innovative technologies for decision support based on the principles of geo-information management for spatial areas including marine planning. We present the results of research on the development of such technologies over the last years in the Arctic and Subarctic Institute at the Russian State Hydrometeorological University (ASI RSHU). During research we widely use the instruments of international cooperation. Platform https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Valery_Abramov2/?ev=hdr_xprf gave excellent opportunities to preliminary discussion and data exchange in the frame of this research. The Ministry of education and science of Russia provides financial support for this research with the state order 2525.2014/166.
6

Kosyan, Maxim, and Maxim Kosyan. "INFORMATIONAL SUPPORT FOR COASTAL FORECAST DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN TIDELESS SEAS." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b939b27d514.31548650.

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The goal of the accomplished work was provision of information to the project, targeted at study of forming and evolution processes of accumulative shore forms of tideless seas of Russia under the effect of hydro-, litho- and morphodynamic factors. Project is accomplished by a team of specialists from leading Russian research institutions from year 2014 onwards. Main element of saving research results is information-analytical complex, which is found on the Internet at http://cofore.coastdyn.ru/index_eng.html, consists of static and dynamic modules, system of statistical analysis and management and protection of created resources. Information sources for information-analytical complex consists of: existing databases of reference data from Institute of Oceanology, material gathered from long distance and on-site observations over dynamic of coastal waters and sedimentary transportation; material from conferences and open publications. As project develops it is planned to keep developing complex with new research data and relevant publications.
7

Kosyan, Maxim, and Maxim Kosyan. "INFORMATIONAL SUPPORT FOR COASTAL FORECAST DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN TIDELESS SEAS." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316dc4f48.

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The goal of the accomplished work was provision of information to the project, targeted at study of forming and evolution processes of accumulative shore forms of tideless seas of Russia under the effect of hydro-, litho- and morphodynamic factors. Project is accomplished by a team of specialists from leading Russian research institutions from year 2014 onwards. Main element of saving research results is information-analytical complex, which is found on the Internet at http://cofore.coastdyn.ru/index_eng.html, consists of static and dynamic modules, system of statistical analysis and management and protection of created resources. Information sources for information-analytical complex consists of: existing databases of reference data from Institute of Oceanology, material gathered from long distance and on-site observations over dynamic of coastal waters and sedimentary transportation; material from conferences and open publications. As project develops it is planned to keep developing complex with new research data and relevant publications.
8

Косян, Рубен, Ruben Kosyan, Viacheslav Krylenko, and Viacheslav Krylenko. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE BASIC CRITERIA FOR RUSSIAN COASTS TYPIFICATION." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b94080e4924.02334863.

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There are many types of coasts classifications that indicate main coastal features. As a rule, the "static" state of the coasts is considered regardless of their evolutionary features and ways to further transformation. Since the most part of the coastal zone studies aimed at ensuring of economic activity, it is clear that the classification of coast types should indicate total information required by the users. Accordingly, the coast classification should include the criterion, characterizing as dynamic features of the coast and the conditions and opportunities of economic activity. The coast classification, of course, should be based on geomorphological coast typification. Similar typification has been developed by leading scientists from Russia and can be used with minimal modifications. The authors propose to add to basic information (geomorphological type of coast) the evaluative part for each coast sector. It will include the estimation of the coast changes probability and the complexity of the coast stabilization for economic activity. This method will allow to assess the dynamics of specific coastal sections and the processes intensity and, as a result – the stability of the coastal area.
9

Косян, Рубен, Ruben Kosyan, Viacheslav Krylenko, and Viacheslav Krylenko. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE BASIC CRITERIA FOR RUSSIAN COASTS TYPIFICATION." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431526b37b.

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There are many types of coasts classifications that indicate main coastal features. As a rule, the "static" state of the coasts is considered regardless of their evolutionary features and ways to further transformation. Since the most part of the coastal zone studies aimed at ensuring of economic activity, it is clear that the classification of coast types should indicate total information required by the users. Accordingly, the coast classification should include the criterion, characterizing as dynamic features of the coast and the conditions and opportunities of economic activity. The coast classification, of course, should be based on geomorphological coast typification. Similar typification has been developed by leading scientists from Russia and can be used with minimal modifications. The authors propose to add to basic information (geomorphological type of coast) the evaluative part for each coast sector. It will include the estimation of the coast changes probability and the complexity of the coast stabilization for economic activity. This method will allow to assess the dynamics of specific coastal sections and the processes intensity and, as a result – the stability of the coastal area.
10

Svetlov, Kirill, and Natalya Legostaeva. "Digital Transformation in the Russian Federation: Thematic Landscape of Online Communities." In 2021 30th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/fruct53335.2021.9599983.

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Reports on the topic "Russian communities":

1

Stelmakh, Marta. Тематика російсько-української війни в контексті геополітичних змін у працях Енн Еплбаум. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11735.

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The article analyses the topic of the Russian war against Ukraine in the works of Anne Applebaum. The subject of the study is the Russian-Ukrainian war in the context of changes in the world order in the journalist articles published since the beginning of the full-scale invasion. This article highlights the main theses and ideas of the author and her predictions about the future of democracy. The need for a critical analysis of the world changes and a response to the expansionist actions of authoritarian states is substantiated. The main goal of the work is to find out the particularities of the consideration of the Russian-Ukrainian war and the analysis of changes in the world order in the works of Anne Applebaum. Such methods as systematic, comparative historical and others were used in the research process. A. Applebaum’s articles published before and during the full-scale invasion in the American publication “The Atlantic” were analysed. We managed to identify the main subject of A. Applebaum’s articles: the reasons and motives of Russian aggression against Ukraine; the collapse of democracy in the context of the Russian Federation’s war against Ukraine; the problem of the ignorance of threats from authoritarian states, in particular Russia, by the European and American communities; the rethinking of their identity and past by states due to the war on the continent, as well as the use of genocidal hate speech by the Russian authorities to justify the physical and moral destruction of Ukrainians in the past and present. The results of our research will help journalists who consider both the historical context of Russia’s genocidal policy against Ukraine as well as the impact of the war on the international system. The analysis of the works of A. Applebaum is crucial for Ukrainian society as they consider our past and present and their correlation. Keywords: Russian-Ukrainian war; propaganda; Anne Applebaum; Timothy Snyder.
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Drapak, Mykhailo. ECMI Minorities Blog. Indigenous Peoples and National Minorities in the Temporarily Occupied Territories of Ukraine. European Centre for Minority Issues, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/mnup4223.

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On February 24, 2022, Russia launched an offensive against Ukraine simultaneously in the north, east and south of the country. Thus, Russian troops expanded their temporary occupation of Ukrainian territories, which began in 2014. Millions of Ukrainian citizens, including indigenous peoples and national minorities, found themselves in the temporarily occupied territories. Residents of those regions are suffering a lack of food, utilities and medical care, and live under the pressure of the Russian troops, namely are deprived of the right to express their opposition to the invasion by detaining, intimidating, torturing and executing. Under such conditions, the usual policy of diversity management is reduced to the struggle for the life of every citizen. This blog piece is dedicated to the current situation in the temporarily occupied regions of Ukraine inhabited by the communities of indigenous peoples and national minorities.
3

Constantin, Sergiu. ECMI Minorities Blog. Romanians and Moldovans in Ukraine and their kin states’ engagement before and after the war – towards a triadic partnership for effective minority protection? European Centre for Minority Issues, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/kjkj1212.

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Ukraine recognizes Romanian and Moldovan as distinct minority languages, even though the official language of the Republic of Moldova is Romanian. This distinction between Romanian and Moldovan is not merely a symbolic matter, it has practical, negative consequences for members of the minority communities concerned. Since the 1990s, Ukrainian-Romanian relations have been affected by mutual distrust rooted in historical resentments, stereotypes, and prejudice at the level of both political elites and the general public. Moldova and Ukraine have experienced ups and downs in their bilateral relations due to the complex geopolitical context and growing Russian interference. The ongoing Russian war against Ukraine has had a strong impact on Moldova and Romania as well as on their kin minority communities in Ukraine. This war marks a turning point in history. It has caused tectonic shifts in global affairs, in the Euro-Atlantic community, and in national politics and interstate relations. Ukraine, Romania, and Moldova can turn the ongoing crisis into an opportunity to reset their (dysfunctional) bilateral relations. It is high time for a paradigm shift towards a new, enhanced triadic partnership which is able to ensure an effective system of minority protection.
4

Tsybekmitova, G. Ts, L. D. Radnaeva, N. A. Tashlykova, V. G. Shiretorova, A. K. Tulokhonov, B. B. Bazarova, and M. O. Matveeva. THE EFFECT OF CLIMATIC SHIFTS ON BIODIVERSITY OF PHYTOCENOSIS: LAKE ARAKHLEY (EASTERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA). DOICODE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0973-7308-2020-35-3-77-90.

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Lake Arakhley is located within the Lake Baikal basin in Eastern Siberia, Russia. The area is characterized by continental subarctic climate with considerate diurnal temperature range, long cold dry winters and short hot summers with more precipitation occurring during the latter half of the summer. Climatic shifts in high water years and low water years result in morphometric changes in the lake and in the chemical and physical parameters of the ecosystem. During low water years, concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are decreased, whereas nitrate concentration increases. High water years feature average concentrations of ammonium ions 1.5–2 times higher than the values of recent dry years. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of abiotic factors and biotic community indicated that the community structure shows the greatest correlation with physical and chemical parameters of water and biogenic elements (nitrites, ammonium, phosphates) along the first axis, and with the lake depth and transparency along the second axis. Changes in abiotic factors induce functioning and formation of characteristic communities of the primary producers in the trophic structure of the ecosystem. During low water years, with increased level of autochthonous organic matter, Lindavia comta dominance is observed, while during high water years, with increased allochthonous organic matter Asterionella formosa appeared as dominant. Currently, during low water years, the hydrophytes community is monodominant and composed of Ceratophyllum demersum. Meanwhile, such species indicating eutrophic conditions as Myriophyllum sibiricum, Potamogeton pectinatus are found in the lake vegetation.
5

Swan, Megan, and Christopher Calvo. Site characterization and change over time in semi-arid grassland and shrublands at three parks?Chaco Culture National Historic Park, Petrified Forest National Park, and Wupatki National Monument: Upland vegetation and soils monitoring 2007?2021. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301582.

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This report presents results of upland vegetation and soil monitoring of semi-arid grasslands at three Parks by the Southern Colorado Plateau Inventory and Monitoring Network (SCPN) from 2007?2021. The purpose is to compare and contrast five grassland ecological sites and examine how they have changed during the first 15 years of monitoring. Crews collected data on composition and abundance of vegetation, both at the species level and by lifeform (e.g., perennial grass, shrub, forb) and soil aggregate stability and soil texture at 150 plots within five target grassland/shrubland communities delineated using NRCS ecological site (ecosite) classification (30 plots per ecosite). Soils in plots at Petrified Forest NP and Chaco Culture NHP were deeper than those at Wupatki NM. Undifferentiated soil crust comprised the largest component of the soil surface, except at Wupatki where surface gravel dominated. Cover of biological soil crust (cyanobacteria, lichen, and moss) was low. Soil aggregate stability was moderate. From 2007?2021, SCPN crews identified 283 unique plant species. Overall live foliar cover ranged from 12-24%. Four of five ecological sites were dominated by C4 grass species (>70% of total live foliar cover). Shrubs co-dominated at one site (WUPA L) and forbs were an overall small component of total vegetation cover but contributed most of the diversity in these sites. Less than 4% of species detected were nonnative. Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) was the most frequently sampled nonnative, occurring in > 50% of plots at Wupatki in the volcanic upland ecological site. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) was the second most common invasive species but occurred in < 10% of the plots at all ecological sites. Vegetation cover was modeled using Bayesian hierarchical models and included seasonal climatic water deficits, year effects and topographic variables as covariates. Models revealed significant negative time trends (i.e., changes over time that were not explained by changes in seasonal deficit covariates included) in some modeled responses, particularly in the cover of perennial grass at all five ecological sites. Time trends in shrub and forb responses were mixed. Species richness showed variable effects by ecosite, decreasing at CHCU S, and increasing at PEFO S and WUPA V. Modeled responses were influenced by climate covariates, but direction of these effects varied. The most consistent effects were that greater July water stress and higher accumulated growing degree days (i.e., warmer spring temperatures) increased cover of perennial grasses and shrubs during the same year. However, greater water stress in the spring had a negative effect on many responses as expected. Decreasing cover of perennial grass and increasing cover of shrubs and weedy forbs has been predicted for southwestern grasslands in response to increasing aridification due to anthropogenic climate change. Perennial grass trends reported here correspond with these predictions with mixed results on shrub and forb community trends. Continued drought conditions will likely exacerbate negative changes in these systems.
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Obregon, Jean-Francois, Sergio Lazzarini, Diane-Laure Arjalies, Julie Gualandris, Guanjie Huang, Ellen Kempton, Rubaina Singla, Yashika Sharma, and Jimmy Wang. Towards a Climate-Smart Food System: A Theory of Change and Impact Metrics to Trigger Farming and Societal Change. Richard Ivey School of Business., October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/iveypub.78.2023.

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There is significant interest in sustainable food production practices in Canada and worldwide due to the challenges caused by the Russia-Ukraine war, land degradation, and climate change. Sustainable food production is a food system that provides affordable, nutritious food while preserving and restoring natural resources and generating robust ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, water filtration, and retention. This report explores multiple routes to foster improved social, ecological, and economic impacts associated with alternative practices promoting sustainable food production. It identifies core problems that prevent agricultural systems and their food chains from implementing (more) sustainable practices. The report mobilizes a Theory of Change (TOC) to outline possible interventions and metrics to implement (community-based) interventions to promote shared principles of sustainable production and create communities of practice. The TOC was developed in consultation with a set of actors in the food chain (including farmers, financial institutions, municipal governments, food processors, NGOs and industry associations) during a nine-month research intervention in Canada (2023), complemented by a literature review. Thanks to this co-creation process, the proposed interventions and metrics to measure and track improvements at the farm and societal levels presented in this report are outcomes-based and bottom-up. This enables agricultural communities and actors in the food chain to pursue alternative routes to improve outcomes. The report also discusses incentives to pursue sustainable food production, either explicit (e.g. monetary payments, contractual clauses) or implicit (e.g. social norms, cultural values, network-based engagement of food chain actors). Lastly, it outlines a potential research design to test the suggested interventions, metrics, and incentives in a Randomized Control Trial (RCT).
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Vuksanović, Vuk. Between Emotions and Realism: Two Faces of Turkish Foreign Policy in the Balkans. Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55042/wzvw6831.

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Turkey’s more assertive posture towards the Balkans is neglected compared to the commentariat that deals with Russia and China. To fill this policy gap, the research team of the Belgrade Centre for Security Policy (BCSP) has conducted research based on the analysis of secondary source material and, even more importantly, on fieldwork interviews that involved 16 sources, academics and think tank researchers based in Istanbul and Ankara. Although the consulted sources have different backgrounds and political sympathies, the research established a presence of common themes. Namely, Turkish foreign policy in the Balkans has two aspects. The first is based on emotions, where Turkish foreign policy towards the region is framed by Turkey’s special ties with the region based on shared history, social connections, identity factors and the legacy of the Ottoman Empire. The Balkan country that is most frequently mentioned in the context of special ties with Turkey is Bosnia and Herzegovina, in light of socio-cultural ties and the fact that it is a country in which the Ottoman legacy is felt most strongly. The second approach is rooted in traditional foreign policy realism derived from an objective and calculated assessment of the regional balance of power and one’s own interests. Within this approach, Turkey is trying, for security and strategic reasons, to act pragmatically and be effective in the Balkans without entangling itself in crises that could impede its regional influence. This approach leads Turkey towards engaging Serbia, the region’s strategically consequential country, because Ankara is deeply convinced that if it wishes to be effective in the Balkans, it needs to have a partnership with Belgrade. In doing so, it must strike a balance between emotions and realism. It needs to walk the fine line between nurturing ties with communities with which it has cultural and religious ties, like Bosniaks and Albanians, while avoiding alienating countries whose partnership Ankara needs to be able to succeed in the Balkans, such as Serbia.

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