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1
Hayles, Kelly, and kellyhayles@iinet net au. "A Property Valuation Model for Rural Victoria." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070221.150256.
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Licensed valuers in the State of Victoria, Australia currently appraise rural land using manual techniques. Manual techniques typically involve site visits to the property, liaison with property owners through interview, and require a valuer experienced in agricultural properties to determine a value. The use of manual techniques typically takes longer to determine a property value than for valuations performed using automated techniques, providing appropriate data are available. Manual methods of valuation can be subjective and lead to bias in valuation estimates, especially where valuers have varying levels of experience within a specific regional area. Automation may lend itself to more accurate valuation estimates by providing greater consistency between valuations. Automated techniques presently in use for valuation include artificial neural networks, expert systems, case based reasoning and multiple regression analysis. The latter technique appears mo st widely used for valuation. The research aimed to develop a conceptual rural property valuation model, and to develop and evaluate quantitative models for rural property valuation based on the variables identified in the conceptual model. The conceptual model was developed by examining peer research, Valuation Best Practice Standards, a standard in use throughout Victoria for rating valuations, and rural property valuation texts. Using data that are only available digitally and publicly, the research assessed this conceptualisation using properties from four LGAs in the Wellington and Wimmera Catchment Management Authority (CMAs) areas in Victoria. Cluster analysis was undertaken to assess if the use of sub-markets, that are determined statistically, can lead to models that are more accurate than sub-markets that have been determined using geographically defined areas. The research is divided into two phases; the 'available data phase' and the 'restricted data phase'. The 'available data phase' used publicly available digital data to build quantitative models to estimate the value of rural properties. The 'restricted data phase' used data that became available near the completion of the research. The research examined the effect of using statistically derived sub-markets as opposed to geographically derived ones for property valuation. Cluster analysis was used during both phases of model development and showed that one of the clusters developed in the available data phase was superior in its model prediction compared to the models produced using geographically derived regions. A number of limitations with the digital property data available for Victoria were found. Although GIS analysis can enable more property characteristics to be derived and measured from existing data, it is reliant on having access to suitable digital data. The research also identified limitations with the metadata elements in use in Victoria (ANZMETA DTD version 1). It is hypothesised that to further refine the models and achieve greater levels of price estimation, additional properties would need to be sourced and added to the current property database. It is suggested that additional research needs to address issues associated with sub-market identification. If results of additional modelling indicated significantly different levels of price estimation, then these models could be used with manual techniques to evaluate manually derived valuation estimates.
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Brundell, Kathryn Felicity. "Maternity care in rural Victoria: Midwives' perspectives." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2015. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/86d0d9b9b67fb204d15a134d98ff32193e99938b46baebfb665a6e6f4947d1b5/2369167/Brundell_2015_Maternity_care_in_rural_Victoria.pdf.
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This modified Grounded Theory study explored the experiences of midwives working in a rural Victorian setting during a period of maternity service redesign. Changes to the local maternity service under study were block funded by the Rural Maternity Initiative, Victoria, Australia (Edwards & Gale, 2007). The Rural Maternity Initiative, along with the release of the maternity service review report (Commonwealth of Australia, 2009), incorporated women’s requests for continuity of care provision, demedicalised care, choice in care, and accessibility of services across the pregnancy, birth and postnatal period. Midwifery workforce shortages and maternity unit closures in rural Australia have been identified by the government, maternity service users and other stakeholders as factors reducing options, and increasing travel requirements, and social and emotional costs for women (Hoang, Le, & Ogden, 2014). Australian state and territory governments encouraged the redesign of maternity services with continuity models of care, more often caseload care or team midwifery, in an effort to combat workforce deficits and rural inequities (Commonwealth of Australia, 2009). A review of literature was undertaken to frame key points associated with Australian health and maternity provision, recent policy developments, health workforce strategies, models of continuity care and rural maternity care accessibility. Significant gaps were noted, relating to the experience of the maternity service restructure in the rural setting, and the relationship between the health services undergoing maternity redesign and local communities. A modified Grounded Theory methodological approach was undertaken, using symbolic interactionalism as the theoretical perspective to frame the study. The work of seminal theorists Glaser and Strauss (1967) informed the design methods employed, particularly that of constant comparative analysis, coding and memoing. A modified approach was taken, however, influenced by constructivist concepts. Charmaz asserts that rather than ‘discovering’ theory, data is socially constructed by study participants with reference to their individual circumstances (Charmaz, 2006). Developmental work by Blumer (1986) significantly influenced the theoretical perspective of this study, as an inquiry based on the lived experiences of a small group of midwives who were affected by maternity service redesign in one locality. In line with symbolic interactionism, this study seeks to understand the meaning these midwives placed on changes and the social interactions they attributed to their work environment. The research setting was a small, rural maternity service, with a select sample population of fifteen. Participants were theoretically sampled and semi-structured interviews were the primary method of data collection. Constant comparative analysis was employed throughout the study, during which time the researcher became increasingly and thoroughly immersed in the data. Coding and categorisation was completed using OneNote Microsoft software to demonstrate thematic saturation and emerging theoretical concepts. It was during this rigorous analysis of data that a deep appreciation and understanding of Grounded Theory methodology was achieved. Constant comparative analysis enabled repeated interaction with data, comparative assessment of literature in conjunction with further data collection, and self-examination by the researcher. Themes that emerged from the midwives’ experiences of maternity service redesign in the rural Victorian context reflected known elements such as midwifery retention rates and burnout (Mollart, Skinner, Newing, & Foureur, 2013), and change planning, change leadership and interprofessional relationships associated with sustaining continuity models of maternity care (Monk, Tracy, Foureur, & Barclay, 2013). Two key themes related specifically to the rural context were communication of maternity service change, and change preparedness inclusive of women, families and interwoven rural communities.
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O'Meara, Peter Francis Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Models of ambulance service delivery for rural Victoria." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Public Health and Community Medicine, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18771.
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The primary aim of the research project was to develop conceptual models of rural ambulance service delivery based on different worldviews or philosophical positions, and then to compare and contrast these new and emerging models with existing organisational policy and practice. Four research aims were explored: community expectations of pre-hospital care, the existing organization of rural ambulance services, the measurement of ambulance service performance, and the comparative suitability of different pre-hospital models of service delivery. A unique feature was the use of soft systems methodology to develop the models of service delivery. It is one of the major non-traditional systems approaches to organisational research and lends itself to problem solving in the real world. The classic literature-hypothesis-experiment-results-conclusion model of research was not followed. Instead, policy and political analysis techniques were used as counter-points to the systems approach. The program of research employed a triangulation technique to adduce evidence from various sources in order to analyse ambulance services in rural Victoria. In particular, information from questionnaires, a focus group, interviews and performance data from the ambulance services themselves were used. These formed a rich dataset that provided new insight into rural ambulance services. Five service delivery models based on different worldviews were developed, each with its own characteristics, transformation processes and performance criteria. The models developed are titled: competitive; sufficing; community; expert; and practitioner. These conceptual models are presented as metaphors and in the form of holons and rich pictures, and then transformed into patient pathways for operational implementation. All five conceptual models meet the criteria for systemic desirability and were assessed for their political and cultural feasibility in a range of different rural communities. They provide a solid foundation for future discourse, debate and discussion about possible changes to the way pre-hospital services are delivered in rural Victoria.
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Baxter, James Stanley, and james baxter@rmit edu au. "Rural Land Use and Value In Northern Victoria 1880 - 1960." RMIT University. Property, Construction & Project Management, 2001. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091008.135904.
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This thesis examines rural development processes, and in particular the impact over time of infrastructure investment on locational value in a farming community in northern Victoria, Australia. Correlation between infrastructure investment and land values was found to change over time, with the full cost of infrastructure provision not reflected in increased land values. Its impact depended on the type of infrastructure, and was linked to technological changes in agricultural production that led to different demands. The study also revealed the complexity of land ownership and use during the development of typical northern Victorian farmland, and the patterns of land value that emerged. As an historical study of land development it provides a deeper understanding of rural valuation methodology and sales analysis. It also contributes to the theory of land development, and in particular rural land-use and value.
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Somers, George Theodore 1951. "An approach to the understanding and measurement of medical students' attitudes toward a rural career." Monash University, School of Rural Health, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5190.
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Lumsden, Linda F., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The ecology and conservation of insectivorous bats in rural landscapes." Deakin University. School of Ecology and Environment, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050825.143504.
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Throughout the world, the increasing use of land for agriculture has been associated with extensive loss and fragmentation of natural habitats and, frequently, the degradation of remaining habitats. The effects of such habitat changes have been well studied for some faunal groups, but little is known of their consequences for bats. The aim of this study was to investigate the ecology and conservation of an assemblage of insectivorous bats in a rural landscape, with particular focus on their foraging and roosting requirements. This increased knowledge will, hopefully, assist the formulation of policy and management decisions to ensure the long-term survival of bats in these altered environments.
The distribution and abundance of insectivorous bats in the Northern Plains of Victoria was investigated to determine the impacts of land-use change and to identify factors influencing the distribution of bats in rural landscapes. Thirteen species of insectivorous bats were recorded across the region by sampling at 184 sites. Two species were rare, but the remaining 11 species were widespread and occurred in all types of remnant wooded vegetation, ranging from large blocks (≥200 ha) to small isolated remnants (≤5 ha) and scattered trees in cleared farm paddocks. There was no significant difference between remnant types in the relative abundance of bat species, in species richness, or in the composition of bat assemblages at study sites. In a subsequent study, no difference in the activity levels of bats was found between remnants with different tree densities, ranging from densely-vegetated blocks to single paddock trees. However, sites in open paddocks devoid of trees differed significantly from all types of wooded remnants and had significantly lower levels of bat activity and a different species composition. In highly cleared and modified landscapes, all native vegetation has value to bats, even the smallest remnant, roadside and single paddock tree.
Roost sites are a key habitat requirement for bats and may be a limiting resource in highly modified environments. Two species, the lesser long-eared bat Nyctophilus geoffroyi and Gould's wattled bat Chalinolobus gouldii, were investigated as a basis for understanding the capacity of bats to survive in agricultural landscapes. These species have different wing morphologies, which may be influential in how they use the landscape, and anecdotal evidence suggested differences in their roosting ecology.
Roosting ecology was examined using radio-tracking to locate 376 roosts in two study areas with contrasting tree cover in northern Victoria. Both species were highly selective in the location of their roosts in the landscape, in roost-site selection and in roosting behaviour, and responded differently to differing levels of availability of roosts.
The Barmah-Picola study area incorporated remnant vegetation in farmland and an adjacent extensive floodplain forest (Barmah forest). Male N. geojfroyi roosted predominantly within 3 km of their foraging areas in remnants in farmland. However, most female N. geoffroyi, and both sexes of C. gouldii, roosted in Barmah forest up to 12 km from their foraging areas in farmland remnants. These distances were greater than previously recorded for these species and further than predicted by wing morphology. In contrast, in the second study area (Naring) where only small remnants of wooded vegetation remain in farmland, individuals of both species moved significantly shorter distances between roost sites and foraging areas.
There were marked inter- and intra-specific differences in the roosts selected. C. gouldii used similar types of roosts in both areas - predominantly dead spouts in large, live trees. N. geoffroyi used a broader range of roost types, especially in the farmland environment. Roosts were typically under bark and in fissures, with males in particular also using anthropogenic structures. A strong preference was shown by both sexes for roosts in dead trees, and entrance dimensions of roosts were consistently narrow (2.5 cm). In Barmah forest, maternity roosts used by N. geoffroyi were predominantly in narrow fissures in large-diameter, dead trees, while at Naring maternity roosts were also found under bark, in buildings, and in small-diameter, live and dead trees.
The number of roost trees that are required for an individual or colony is influenced by the frequency with which bats move between roosts, the proportion of roosts that are re-used, the distance between consecutive roosts, and the size of roosting colonies. Both species roosted in small colonies and regularly shifted roost sites within a discrete roost area. These behavioural traits suggest that a high density of roost sites is required. There were marked differences in these aspects of behaviour between individuals roosting in Barmah forest and in the fragmented rural landscape. At
Naring, N. geqffroyi remained in roosts for longer periods and moved greater distances between consecutive roosts than in Barmah forest. In contrast, C. gouldii used a smaller pool of roosts in the farmland environment by re-using roosts more frequently. Within Barmah forest, there is an extensive area of forest but the density of hollow-bearing trees is reduced due to timber harvesting and silvicultural practices. Individuals were selective in the location of their roosting areas, with both species selecting parts of the forest that contained higher densities of their preferred roost trees than was generally available in the forest. In contrast, in farmland at Naring, where there were small pockets of remnant vegetation with high densities of potential roost sites surrounded by cleared paddocks with few roosting opportunities, little selection was shown. This suggests that in Barmah forest the density of trees with potential roosts is lower than optimal, while in farmland roosting resources may be adequate in woodland remnants, but limiting at the landscape scale since more than 95% of the landscape now provides no roosting opportunities.
Insectivorous bats appear to be less severely affected than some other faunal groups by habitat fragmentation and land-use change. A highly developed capacity for flight, the spatial scale at which they move and their ability to cross open areas means that they can regularly move among multiple landscape elements, rather than depend on single remnants for all their resources. In addition, bats forage and roost mainly at elevated levels in trees and so are less sensitive to degradation of wooded habitats at ground level. Although seemingly resilient to habitat fragmentation, insectivorous bats are fundamentally dependent on trees for roosting and foraging, and so are vulnerable to habitat loss and ongoing rural tree decline. Protection of the remaining large old trees and measures to ensure regeneration to provide ongoing replacement of hollow-bearing trees through time are critical to ensure the long-term conservation of bats in rural landscapes.
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Garth, Alan, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "A Study of an Australian Rural Music Festival." Deakin University. School of Australian and International Studies, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040617.152028.
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A social and cultural study of the development of the Port Fairy Folk Festival within the context of the current revival of folk music in Australia. The folk music movement is a social and cultural phenomenon, as well as a musical event.
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Devers, Deanna University of Ballarat. "Effects of commuting status upon community involvement of professionals in rural North West Victoria." University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12763.
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Because mobility is associated with rural social decline, this two-phase cross sectional study investigates whether social patterns in small, rural Australian towns are affected by commuting. Quantitative data, which was gathered via a mail-out questionnaire (response = 54 per cent) that was issued to 1,040 occupationally diverse professionals who worked in fourteen towns throughout north-western Victoria, was analysed to determine whether commuting and non-commuting professionals differed significantly in their community involvement. To explain why certain relationships emerged from survey analysis, face-toface interviews were subsequently undertaken with 24 questionnaire respondents. The key finding of this study is that there is a significant relationship between commuting status and the retention of rural professionals. A significantly greater proportion of noncommuters than commuters remain working in the one location for longer than five years. This finding has important implications for the sustainability of rural areas.Doctor of Philosophy
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Devers, Deanna. "Effects of commuting status upon community involvement of professionals in rural North West Victoria." University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14599.
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Because mobility is associated with rural social decline, this two-phase cross sectional study investigates whether social patterns in small, rural Australian towns are affected by commuting. Quantitative data, which was gathered via a mail-out questionnaire (response = 54 per cent) that was issued to 1,040 occupationally diverse professionals who worked in fourteen towns throughout north-western Victoria, was analysed to determine whether commuting and non-commuting professionals differed significantly in their community involvement. To explain why certain relationships emerged from survey analysis, face-toface interviews were subsequently undertaken with 24 questionnaire respondents. The key finding of this study is that there is a significant relationship between commuting status and the retention of rural professionals. A significantly greater proportion of noncommuters than commuters remain working in the one location for longer than five years. This finding has important implications for the sustainability of rural areas.Doctor of Philosophy
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Finn, Anthony Gerard. "Parents, teachers and religious education: A study in a Catholic secondary school in rural Victoria." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2009. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/dc3a2ab068acd0c50001e324252159c846afe1b575eb7a735e9d10e95186fac1/1043334/64864_downloaded_stream_89.pdf.
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The research reported in this thesis investigated perceptions about the nature and purpose of religious education of parents and teachers in a study of one Catholic secondary school in regional Victoria, Australia. In the research project data were collected using questionnaires and interviews from parents and teachers of religious education associated with the particular secondary school. These data were analysed and interpreted against a spectrum of purposes for religious education that were drawn from the literature. The literature reviewed included documents relevant to religious education from the Catholic Church since the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) and also from theorists in the field of religious education both from Australia and beyond. The theories about religious education generated by the literature review provided a framework within which to compare and contrast how the parents and the teachers understood religious education. While all of the religious education teachers took part in the research, the parents self-selected. This meant that those who responded were mostly Catholic from a school where there were 23% of families with no Catholic parent. A decision was made to focus this study on the new Catholic religious education guidelines, since this was seen to be essential because of the mandation by the bishop and Catholic Education Office of the Diocese of Ballarat. All parents were invited to respond, but mostly Catholic parent did. It was discovered that the parents and the teachers were in agreement in relation to most areas of religious education, especially in areas associated with values, morality, individual spirituality and what might be termed 'religious literacy'. Parents and teachers were shown to have different attitudes towards religious education in the senior school.;The data also highlighted the importance of the role of the teachers and school in providing religious education for families who have become distanced from traditional religious institutions. Many of the parents endorsed the school as the primary place for their children to receive information about religion, and chose to distance themselves from the religious education process in favour of allowing the 'experts' at the school to take on this role on behalf of the family. The thesis raised issues for the ways in which the school communicated with parents, both in terminology and technology. Overall, the findings affirmed the work of the teachers in religious education by parents who were 'time poor' and who wished to see the school take on the primary role of educating the children about religion, with expectations that the children would be fully exposed to the Catholic religious tradition in its teachings, ethics, liturgy and social justice practices.
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Seyama, Kediemetse Desireé Victoria. "Vulnerability to HIV amongst African people in rural areas : the Thusano project / Kediemetse Desireé Victoria Seyama." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1211.
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Research has outlined numerous factors that impact on HIV risk behaviours of African people.
These include a history of sexually transmitted diseases, number of sexually transmitted
diseases, number of sexual partners, the perceived behaviour of peer groups and perceived
vulnerability to HIV. Little is known regarding the factors that promote perceptions of
vulnerability to HIV and the role this constraint plays in the maintenance of AIDS risk-reduction
practices among African people in rural areas.
This research paper gives an overview of the vulnerability to HIV among African people in a
rural area. The information has been collected in the Kuruman district. The multi-disciplinary
survey was undertaken with one of the objectives to investigate the vulnerability to HIV amongst
African people in a rural area.
The aim was achieved by means of a study of the relevant literature and through empirical
research. The available literature on the subject was consulted to determine whether any
research has been conducted in this field. The empirical research was conducted to confirm
previous research findings.
In this study the survey method was used as a systematic fact gathering procedure. Data was
gathered by means of an interview schedule. The researcher administrated the schedules by
conduction personal interviews with respondents. In this research, which forms part of the
Thusano project, the focus was on the vulnerability to HIV/AIDS of people living in a rural area
in the Kuruman district. The Thusano project forms part of a multi-disciplinary research project
of the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University, entitled the Social-motor
Empowerment of Families in Impoverished Circumstances under the Leadership of Professor
A.E. Pienaar of the School of Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport Science. "Thusano” means to
help each other and this is a Nelson Mandela funded project which has to address the needs of
families in impoverished circumstances living in seven communities in the Kuruman district.
The project is driven by the social worker, Ms Tineke Uys, and field workers. An early
childhood programme aiming at school readiness has been implemented by them. However,
many other needs are identified by the social worker which they are not able to address properly,
such as HIV prevention and counselling, family violence, identification of motor delays and
other health related problems. The research was conducted in seven communities of the
Kururnan district with regard to 50 respondents from different households.
The findings of this research reflect that there definitely are factors such as practising unsafe sex,
poverty, poor education and over-crowded households that play an important role in the people's
vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in the seven communities of the Kuruman district.Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Nothnagel, Emil. "Developmental local authorities in small rural towns of the Northern Cape - The case of Victoria west." University of Western Cape, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7752.
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Magister Administrationis - MAdminFor the last seventeen years I have been actively involved in local government management and I have also been schooled in this academic field. I made this milieu my career as I have an intense yearning to stand in service of the general community, - more specifically the rural communities in South Africa. Practical engagement in this field also taught me that democracy goes hand in hand with urbanisation and, if not countered, the pauperisation of rural districts. The result of this is impoverishment and increasing unemployment.
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Anne, Ouma. "From Rural Gift to Urban Commodity : Traditional Medicinal Knowledge and Socio-spatial Transformation in the Eastern Lake Victoria Region." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-81049.
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As we celebrate all the dynamic and dramatic improvements in human health care in the 21st century, life in much of Africa begins with and is sustained with the support of traditional medicinal knowledge. Research on traditional medicinal knowledge (TMK) is extensive, but rather few studies have been written about Traditional Healers' (THs') own perceptions about TMK and practices in relation to changing societal dynamics. The aim of this thesis is to examine how THs perceive on going socio-spatial transformation, including contemporary processes of urbanization, migration, commercialization and commodification of TMK, as well as changing dynamics of learning and knowledge systems between generations and genders and how these affect their medicinal healing practices in time and space. The thesis consists of four main empirical chapters, which derive from different data sources including literature, documentation review and qualitative interview material. The findings in this thesis can be summarised as follows: First that TMK today exists side by side with modern health systems, in what are seen as complex patterns of medical pluralism that provide evidence of an evolving role the TH plays in primary health care, in the rural and urban space. Youthful migrating population dynamics that are linked to historical processes, have effectively carved an emerging cross-sectoral role of the TH in the formal space. Secondly the developing legislation on IPR and ABS in parallel with the representation of an earlier official formal governance around TMK in Tanzania; and the difference in the sectors where TMK is anchored in the two contexts, could have paved way to some earlier collaborative mechanisms, that today provide space to enable a more natural engagement between formal and informal organizations involved in the governance of TMK in Tanzania. Thirdly, the practical ways in which TMK learning processes, which are characterized by learning systems in place, being sent and visiting sacred places that are lived by an apprentice over a number of years, have increasingly come under pressure. Fourthly the thesis shows approaches by THs, encouraging the youth to access conventional medicinal education followed by, or in parallel with TMK learned through traditional pedagogies employed by the THs themselves. The youth’s keen interest in learning TMK is seen to increase when they view improved livelihood possibilities due to the commercialization of medicinal plants. The future of TMK learning processes may be limited unless incentives are put in place for the youth regarding their future livelihoods. Fifth, gendered and generational dimensions suggest that older and some younger female THs reemphasize the values of the gift and TMK in a climate of increased commodification and commercialization of TMK, where TMK increasingly meets neoliberal processes, engaging an alternative paradigm than the gift economy, where a predominance of male TH’s in the urban space and places, increasingly define the diversification of the TMK livelihoods. The gift provided by a higher power and which is embedded in a particular cosmological view, to be used as a social service to help the community, is increasingly evolving as an emerging tested force in a changing ideological climate, with an increasing awareness of commodification, commercialization, IPR and ABS issues surrounding TMK. It implies awareness in relation to the increased benefits of commoditized and commercialized medicinal plant knowledge (which THs hold) for other individuals and institutions. The TH profession and TMK is seen as entering a contested IPR/ABS arena at a time when increasingly socio-spatial transformations are modifying its role from that of a gift to an owned commodity. However while the practice of TMK has changed over time and space, presenting new challenges as well as opportunities, it is also seen as a threat that anyone today can sell and market TMK products.
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Kinaro, Zachary. "Wetland Conversion to large-scale agricultural production; implications on the livelihoods of rural communities, Yala Swamp, Lake Victoria basin, Kenya." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10716.
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Wetlands in most parts of the world are under threat of over-exploitation, loss and/or degradation partly due to agriculture and urban land uses.
Yala swamp, the largest fresh water wetland in Kenya measuring about 17,500 ha supports a large biodiversity and is source of livelihoods to communities around it. This study addresses the situation where part of this wetland is converted into large-scale agriculture by a multinational company, Dominion Farms (K) Ltd resulting into a conflict and controversy amongst key stakeholders. The study sought to investigate livelihood impacts this transformation has for the local community. It employs the concepts Stakeholder Analysis (SA) and Sustainable Livelihood Approaches (SLA) to asses the livelihood situation in terms of socio-economic conditions, rural infrastructure, income diversification, food security and environmental issues.
Data and information have been obtained from primary and secondary sources through field survey at the Yala wetland, in which randomly sampled small-scale farmers, fisher folk, Dominion employees, local leaders and informants, traders and other stakeholders were interviewed using questionnaire and other participatory methods. The main questions were designed to gain information about historical use of the wetland, changes in livelihoods and wetland before and after entry of Dominion Company into the area. From the study, it is evident that assessment of the key stakeholders in relation to this natural resource is of utmost importance for mapping out an acceptable management strategy for the wetland. Besides being cause to a conflict and controversy over control of and access to the swamp, the conversion has resulted into both negative and positive short-term and long-term livelihood impacts to the local community. The wetland being a contested resource with multiple users who claim a stake on it requires a holistic approach in its management that caters for divergent needs and views of key stakeholder groups. The study identifies management issues and proposes abroad vision for the future including recommendations for planning as well as suggestions for specific research needs that should form the basis of action
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Siles, Brenda. "The Politics of Land Distribution: Ingenio Victoria de Julio- El Timal, a Case Study of Nicaraguan Rural Conflicts after 1990." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/77.
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One of the greatest legacies of the Sandinista Revolution was agrarian reform. Despite the amount of land redistributed, this process happened without any form of legal documentation to support the transfer of property from one owner to the next. The end of the civil war, the peace accords and the transition of power from left to right-wing parties produced conflicting policies that would bring high levels of complexity to the system of land tenure in the country. The case of the state-owned sugar mill, Ingenio Victoria de Julio – El Timal is of one the most emblematic examples of how slow and inefficient Nicaraguan institutions have been in solving land tenure issues in 26 years.
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Ncube, Glen. "The making of rural health care in colonial Zimbabwe : a history of the Ndanga Medical Unit, Fort Victoria, 1930-1960s." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11490.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis adopts a social history of medicine approach to explore the contradictions surrounding a specific attempt to develop a rural healthcare system in south-eastern colonial Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia) from the 1930s to the 1960s. Influenced by a combination of healthcare discourses and models, in 1930, the colony’s new medical director formulated the first comprehensive rural healthcare delivery plan, premised on the idea of ‘medical units’ or outlying dispensaries networked around rural hospitals. The main argument of the thesis is that the Ndanga Medical Unit, as this pioneer medical unit was known, was a variant of a typical colonial project characterised by tensions between innovative endeavours to control disease on the one hand, and the need to fulfil broader colonial ambitions on the other.
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Maricela, Marín Casimiro. "PROYECTO ESTRATÉGICO TERRITORIAL PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN Y COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE HORTALIZAS CON AGRICULTURA ECOLÓGICA, EN EL MUNICIPIO DE VILLA VICTORIA, MÉXICO." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/109598.
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El Desarrollo Territorial Rural se despliega en diseño de políticas, programas o proyectos orientados a la superación de la pobreza rural, considerando cuatro características: 1) transformación productiva; 2) transformación institucional; 3)
territorio y 4) reducción de la pobreza rural. El objetivo del Trabajo Terminal de Grado es desarrollar un proyecto estratégico territorial para la producción y comercialización de hortalizas con agricultura ecológica, potencializando el uso
de micro túneles (MTs) de 60 m2 en el municipio de Villa Victoria. La población de estudio fueron 531 MTs, otorgados por la SEDAGRO del año 2013 al 2018, distribuidos en 77 localidades del municipio. Se realizó un diagnóstico para conocer la situación en la que se encuentran los MTs y se entrevistaron a 8 hombres y 42 mujeres responsables de MTs, para evaluar su conocimiento
agronómico. Se utilizó el método no probabilístico con la técnica por conveniencia; del 100% de la población de MTs se muestrearon 50. El 30% de los MTs se les da uso de almacenamiento de madera, pacas de avena o sin algún
uso (abandonados) y el 70% (35 MTs) se utilizan para la producción de hortalizas. Se identificó la problemática: falta de agua, semillas, capacitación sobre el manejo agronómico de las hortalizas y de organización entre productores. La producción en MTs es diversa en hortalizas y quelites; las hortalizas de consumo y venta son: jitomate, lechuga, espinaca, cilantro, acelga y cebolla; menor consumo: betabel, pepino, chile jalapeño, col, cebolla, zanahoria, ajo calabaza, haba y chícharo y de menor venta: brócoli, coliflor, col, chile habanero. Las
actividades de producción y comercialización de hortalizas las realizan 22 productores (5 hombres y 17 mujeres), estos no participan en mercados locales por problemas como falta de confianza, para cubrir una demanda de mercado y falta de tiempo por oficios laborales. Una agricultura ecológica conlleva a un cambio de conciencia, en optimizar los recursos que el productor posee; minimizar la dependencia de insumos externos y no poner en riesgo la salud del productor ni del consumidor. La hortaliza de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) con una agricultura ecológica es la que se propone, siendo la de mayor venta y consumo. Los circuitos cortos, es la propuesta de comercialización, que se basan en venta directa de productos frescos, en distancias cortas sin intermediarios y
potencializar los MTs generando una fuente de autoempleo logrando una economía local. Se concluye que los programas de DTR debe haber heterogeneidad entre territorios, logrando una trasformación productiva y un desarrollo institucional.
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Tarekegn, Tefera Alemu. "Challenges of development in Nibgee Village, Ethiopia : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Development Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/639.
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Demarte, Adele Louise, and adele@rahna com. "Middle Years of Schooling: The pressures on rural adolescents to achieve academically." RMIT University. Education, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080208.145838.
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Within a climate of continual change this study offers insights into the academic pressures experienced by rural adolescents to achieve at school. In the often challenging transition from childhood to adulthood expectations from others place additional pressures on adolescents' lives. To better understand these pressures, I conducted a qualitative study of six students (ages nine to 15) and their teachers in the Middle Years of Schooling within rural Victoria, Australia. Students were studied prior to the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) in order to examine the pressures on students facing the Middle Years of Schooling. The study was carried out over a 6 month period using a Naturalistic Inquiry process with semi-structured interviews and participant observation. This allowed access into the participants' subjective insights. A Collective case study approach was employed to situate the information in its holistic environment and offer thick and information rich narratives depicting the experiences of these early adolescents. The case studies also involved examination of the school experiences of the early adolescents. Academic pressure was then broadly viewed in light of these experiences and recommendations offered. The findings from this research revealed that the early adolescents in the study all experienced degrees of academic pressure and demonstrated varied abilities to cope with these pressures. External support provided by parents, the school, teachers and peers tended to provide support more than fostering resilience.
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James, Glynnis Geraldine. "Woven threads : a case study of chemotherapy nursing practice in a rural New Zealand setting : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Nursing (Clinical) /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/637.
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Mfono, Zanele Ntombizanele. "An analysis of the emerging patterns of reproductive behaviour among rural women in South Africa : a case study of the Victoria East District of the Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52660.
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Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study describes and analyses changes in women's reproductive behaviour ID developing communities. These changes took more than hundred years to occur ID Western communities but only two to three decades in developing communities such as Taiwan and Barbados. The population of Victoria East district of the Eastern Cape province of South Afiica was chosen as a case study of these changes. Changes in the reproductive behaviour of women are described over a period of twenty-two years. The base year for the study is 1978 and data were collected up to 2001. Changes increased in particular since 1988. Statistical descriptive analyses were undertaken with regard to patterns of changes in variables such as age at the onset of births, child spacing, the mean number of births per woman, fertility regulation, and the number of children ever bom. Variations in patterns were analysed according to age cohorts, occupation and marital status. Information regarding these variables was collected from records at hospitals and clinics. Focus group interviews were held to reflect women's own descriptions and experiences regarding these variables. The research design thus combines the quantitative and qualitative approaches. The findings confirm a pattern of fertility decline that Caldwell described as the African pattern, which is different from that seen in Europe and Asia. It is characterized by a progressive delay in onset of childbearing and reductions in the mean number of childbirths that occur across all age cohorts and are associated with contraceptive accessibility. The high incidence of non-marital childbearing in the Victoria East district however sets the population studied apart from the polygamous Afiican societies on which Caldwell based the African transition. In this respect the population considered resembles the scenarios seen in Latin America, the Caribbean, Botswana and in recent years Europe. The study population shows a divergence in the patterns of marital and non-marital childbearing, with marital childbearing following the African pattem. Because of its high incidence, non-marital childbearing is dominant and the major contributor to the fertility decline that is afoot. The implications of this pattern needs much more in-depth study before comparisons with the above-mentioned communities can be made.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie beskryf en ontleed veranderinge in vroue se reproduktiewe gedrag in ontwikkelende gemeenskappe. Hierdie veranderinge het in Westerse gemeenskappe meer as honderd jaar geneem om plaas te vind maar slegs twee tot drie dekades in ontwikkelende gemeenskappe soos Taiwan en Barbados. Die bevolking van die landelike Victoria-Oosdistrik: in die Oos-Kaapprovinsie is gekies as 'n gevalstudie daarvan in Suid- Afrika. Veranderinge in die reproduktiewe gedrag van vroue in hierdie gemeenskap word oor 'n periode van twee-en-twintigjaar beskryf Die basisjaar van die studie is 1978 en data is ingesamel tot en met 2001. Veranderinge het veral toegeneem vanaf 1988. Statistiese-beskrywende ontleding is gedoen ten opsigte van patrone van verandering in veranderlikes soos die ouderdom by die skenk van geboorte, geboorte-spasiëring, die gemiddelde aantal geboortes per vrou, fertiliteitsregulering en die aantal kinders ooit gebore. Variasies in patrone is ook na aanleiding van huwelikstaat en beroep bepaal. Inligting aangaande hierdie veranderlikes is verky vanaf rekords wat by hospitale en klinieke gehou word. Fokusgroeponderhoude is ook onderneem waarvolgens vroue se eie beskrywings en ervarings aangaande die genoemde veranderlikes verkry is. Groepe is saamgestel volgens verskeie ouderdomskohorte en huwelikstaat. Die navorsingsmetodologie behels dus 'n kombinasie van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe benaderings. Die bevindings bevestig 'n patroon van fertiliteitsafhame wat deur Caldwell as die Afrikapatroon beskryf word en afwyk van die Europese en Asiatiese patroon. Dit word gekenmerk deur 'n progressiewe vertraging in die aanvang van geboorte-skenk, afhame in die gemiddelde aantal geboortes oor al die ouderdomskohorte en word geassosieer met kontraseptiewe toegankliheid. Die hoë voorkoms van buite-egtelike geboortes in die Victoria-Oosdistrik onderskei egter die bestudeerde bevolking van die poligame Afrika gemeenskappe waarop Caldwell die Afrika-oorgangstipe gebaseer het. In hierdie opsig vertoon die bevolking eerder ooreenkomste met ontwikkelende gemeenskappe m Suid-Amerika, die Karibbiese Eilande, Botswana en die meer onlangse Europa. Die bestudeerde bevolking vertoon uiteenlopende patrone van binne-egtelike en buite-egtelike geboortes met die binneegtelike patroon meer in ooreenstemming met die Afrika-patroon. Die hoë voorkoms van buite-egtelike geboortes domineer egter die algehele patroon en kan beskou work as die hoof bydraende faktor in the afhemende fertiliteit wat waargeneem is. Die implikasies hiervan moet egter veel dieper studie ondergaan alvorens verdere vergelykings met die bogenoemde gemeenskappe gemaak kan word.
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Miczajka-Rußmann, Victoria Leonie [Verfasser], and Alexandra-Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] Klein. "Integrating scientific literacy as part of a citizen science approach on natural research on seed predation along an urban-rural gradient / Victoria Leonie Miczajka-Rußmann ; Betreuer: Alexandra-Maria Klein." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155587200/34.
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Miczajka-Rußmann, Victoria Leonie Verfasser], and Alexandra-Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] [Klein. "Integrating scientific literacy as part of a citizen science approach on natural research on seed predation along an urban-rural gradient / Victoria Leonie Miczajka-Rußmann ; Betreuer: Alexandra-Maria Klein." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:luen4-opus-144887.
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Patterson, Jean Ann. "A time of travelling hopefully : a mixed methods study of decision making by women and midwives about maternity transfers in rural Aotearoa, New Zealand : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Midwifery /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1028.
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Taylor, Paul Newton. "Residential persistence in rural Victorian England : a comparative study of seven Kent parishes." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494343.
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Finlay, P. D. "The Irish as 'other' : representations of urban and rural poverty in early Victorian travel writing on Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419669.
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Moses, Gary William. "Social relations in the Victorian countryside hiring fairs and their critics in the East Riding of Yorkshire c. 1840-1880 /." Thesis, Online version, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.324567.
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Roberts, Jason Lewis. "'The ruin of rural England' : an interpretation of late nineteenth century agricultural depression, 1879-1914." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7515.
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This thesis attempts a re-interpretation of late nineteenth-century agricultural depression, specifically in England, by complementing economic histories to suggest a hitherto neglected cultural component equally defined Victorian comprehension of both the phenomenon's geographic distribution and symbolic form. Adopting recent theoretical shifts in historical geography that validate the use of literary evidence in combination with economic data sources, the thesis claims depression was constructed from an accretion of mythologised layers of meaning deposited unconsciously or otherwise. These symbolic forms influenced spatial outcomes both in material and imaginary realms, and the nature of debate at varying levels from fanning debates to intellectual discourses. The thesis examines three distinct examples of the accumulation and distribution of depression symbolism and how each signification was acted upon by different discursive communities. Firstly, attention will be directed towards farming behaviour and the consumption of depression myth. Critically the thesis suggests within farming, depression emerged as a state of mind that inhibited the production of indigenous solutions, thus further propagating depression. Secondly, the thesis moves on to examine how the- technicalities of agrarian debate were seized by wider national debates, thus further codifying the depression with numerous social anxieties such as fin de siecle fears, national destabilisation and racial degeneration. Interestingly, icons of failure conferred upon depression within this higher level of discursive interaction are returned to the parochial level, further influencing farming behaviour. An additional implication suggests the geography of depression is heavily skewed towards a perceived threat to an invented homeland at a time of emergent national identities. Finally, the thesis considers an agrarian-led response to farm failure, the introduction of small holdings and the philosophy of la petite culture, as a potential solution. The theoretical basis of land reform campaigns envisaged a major overhaul of the failed rural order of patrician sponsored agriculture, yet were influenced by the accumulated mythology of depression. Thus farm failure as conceived within imaginary geographies proved as persuasive in interpreting depression as physical expressions of distress in real space.
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Bailey, Lucy A. "The village shop and rural life in nineteenth-century England : cultural representations and lived experience." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2015. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/8824/.
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Despite consumption and retailing having grown to form a meta-narrative in historical enquiry, the village shop has largely escaped attention. Remarkably little is known about the long-term development of rural services, particularly shops, which are often ignored as marginal and undynamic. Moreover, whilst their recent decline has highlighted their perceived importance to the vitality of village life, the extent to which this is based on a romanticised or historically myopic image is unclear. This thesis seeks to rectify this lacuna by critically assessing the real and imagined role of the shop and shopkeeper within village life during the nineteenth century, in terms of supplying goods and services, integrating and representing community as a place and a network of people, and projecting images of the rural into the wider national consciousness. It adopts an innovative interdisciplinary approach and offers an integrated analysis of a wide range of visual, literary and historical sources: from paintings and serialised stories to account books and trade directories. Central to the argument is a sustained interrogation of the shifting historic construction of the village shop and its keeper, from exploitative and anti-rural to the epitome of a nostalgic and sentimentalised view of England’s rural communities. This is compared to the lived experience, as established from the historical record, quantitative analysis conducted at both village and county level. This synthetic approach has required the amalgamation of multiple perspectives: writer and artist; reader and consumer; observer and participant; patron and critic; shopkeeper, customer and villager. The thesis inputs into debates relating to the commercial history and cultural understanding of rural communities, the findings broadening our understanding of the history of rural retailers and the communities they served, shedding light on rural consumption and how changing attitudes to retailing, rural communities and the countryside were developing. It also contributes to other key areas of research including the notion of community (places and networks) and cultural representations of people, place, space and everyday life.
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Mogajane, Victor Solomon. "Leisure and tourism behaviour in rural areas in the North West Province / Victor S. Mogajane." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/829.
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The purpose of this study was to determine ways in which the accessibility of leisure and
tourism behaviour patterns can be improved to ultimately improve the quality of life of people
in rural communities in the North West Province. In order to achieve this it was necessary to
indicate the holistic perspective of the tourism industry, with special reference to rural tourism
and also the holistic perspective on leisure provision in South Africa. This study is important
to address the lack of services in rural communities.
The literature study firstly concentrated on the advantages and disadvantages of tourism,
including a SWOT (strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis. Following that
the advantages, disadvantages and benefits of leisure were considered, including both
leisure and tourism theories, coupled with the leisure SWOT analysis.
The SWOT analysis of South Africa’s tourism situation and its leisure provision, as well as
the questionnaire (N-675), was used to determine the importance of the factors identified in
the literature and the role these factors play in leisure and tourism behavioural patterns. The
survey was done in four rural areas in the North West Province, and approximately 800
households were reached.
The main results of the study indicated that certain factors are critically important for both
tourism and leisure provision: safety, accessibility, affordability, scenery, attractions and
accommodation play a determining role in tourism and leisure participation. The weaknesses
of South Africa’s leisure and tourism are safety, transport, marketing and tariffs. These
factors can be changed into opportunities to ensure that people effectively participate in
leisure and tourism.
The positive participation of people in leisure and tourism depends on the involvement of all
levels of government and integration as well as cooperation agreements with other
stakeholders to improve and develop rural communities of the North West Province.
The tourism and leisure theories influence people to choose a destination as well as to
participate in leisure. There are definite benefits to be gained from participation in leisure
and tourism.Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Crane-Kramer, G. M. M., and Jo Buckberry. "Is the pen mightier than the sword? Exploring urban and rural health in Victorian England and Wales using the Registrar General Reports." Springer, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18356.
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YesIn AD 1836, the General Register Office (GRO) was established to oversee the national system of civil registration in England and Wales, recording all births, deaths and marriages. Additional data regarding population size, division size and patterns of occupation within each division permit urban and rural areas (and those with both urban and rural characteristics, described here as ‘mixed’) to be directly compared to each other. The annual Reports of the Registrar General summarize the collected data, including cause of and age at death, which is of particular value to historical demographers and bioarcheologists, allowing us to investigate demographic patterns in urban and rural districts in the nineteenth century. Overall, this paper aims to highlight how this documentary evidence can supplement osteological and paleopathological data to investigate how urbanization affected the health of past populations. It examines the data contained within the first Registrar General report (for 1837-8), in order to assess patterns of mortality of diverse rural, urban, and mixed populations within England and Wales at a point in time during a period of rapid urbanization. It shows that urban and mixed districts typically had lower life expectancy and different patterns in cause of death compared to rural areas. The paper briefly compares how the documentary data differs from information regarding health from skeletal populations, focusing on the city of London, highlighting that certain age groups (the very young and very old) are typically underrepresented in archeological assemblages and reminding us that, while the paleopathological record offers much in terms of chronic health, evidence of acute disease and importantly cause of death can rarely be ascertained from skeletal remains.
This research was funded by the Royal Society of London (Grant Reference IES\R1\180138) and supported by the University of Bradford and SUNY Plattsburgh.
Full text of this book chapter will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 7 Nov 2021.
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Rousselet, Jean-François. "Victor Petrovitch Astafiev, un écrivain ruraliste ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC030.
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Cette thèse présente la première monographie française sur le grand écrivain russe et sibérien Victor Astafiev. Peu traduite en français, son œuvre importante (15 volumes) est généralement considérée par la critique comme s’inscrivant dans la veine de la prose rurale qui se développa en Russie à partir des années 70. Cependant, la biographie de l’écrivain et la multiplicité des thèmes qu’il aborde (société, guerre, musique, sons et nature) impose une remise en question de cette interprétation. L’auteur de la thèse s’attache à analyser finement les textes mis en contexte, à étudier l’évolution et la spécificité linguistique de leur écriture pour situer Astafiev dans la tradition de la grande littérature russe et faire apparaitre la profondeur et l’actualité de ses écrits. Le volume II livre une série de traductions inédites, annotées et commentées, ainsi que les versions reconstituées de chansons dont les textes révèlent un trésor de la culture populaire de l’époqueThis thesis presents the first French monograph on the great Russian and Siberian writer, Viktor Petrovich Astafiev. His important work (15 volumes), little-translated into French, is generally praised by critics as taking place within the same framework of the Village Prose, which started growing in Russia from the seventies onwards. However, the biography of the writer and the multiple themes which he takes up (society, war, music, sounds and nature) call into question this interpretation. The thesis author attempts to carry out a shrewd analysis of the texts placed within their context and to study the linguistic development as well as the specificity of Astafiev writings in order to situate him in the tradition of the great Russian literature and to highlight the depth and the topicality of his work. The second volume delivers a whole series of unpublished translations, duly annotated and commented as well as restored versions of songs, the texts of which reveal a treasure of the popular culture in the context of that time
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Mogonediwa, Maiketso Victor. "Strategies for the management of low performing secondary schools in the North West Province / Maiketso Victor Mogonediwa." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2132.
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Williams, Jennifer Ann. "The Chiltern Standard newspaper 1859-1860 : an expression of community life /." Connect to thesis, 1986. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2387.
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This thesis is a study of a Victorian country newspaper, the Chiltern Standard during the period 1859-60. Using the Indigo-Chiltern goldfield (discovered in 1858) as a case study, it investigates how the life of the community was expressed through the pages of its local paper.
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Moore, Julie. "The impact of agricultural depression and land ownership change on the county of Hertfordshire, c.1870-1914." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/5413.
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The focus of this research has been on how the county of Hertfordshire negotiated the economic, social and political changes of the late nineteenth century. A rural county sitting within just twenty miles of the nation’s capital, Hertfordshire experienced agricultural depression and a falling rural population, whilst at the same time seeing the arrival of growing numbers of wealthy, professional people whose economic focus was on London but who sought their own little patch of the rural experience. The question of just what constituted that rural experience was played out in the local newspapers and these give a valuable insight into how the farmers of the county sought to establish their own claim to be at the heart of the rural, in the face of an alternative interpretation which was grounded in urban assumptions of the social value of the countryside as the stable heart of the nation. The widening of the franchise, increased levels of food imports and fears over the depopulation of the villages reduced the influence of farmers in directing the debate over the future of the countryside. This study is unusual in that it builds a comprehensive picture of how agricultural depression was experienced in one farming community, before considering how farmers’ attempts to claim ownership of the ‘special’ place of the rural were unsuccessful economically, socially and politically. Hertfordshire had a long tradition of attracting the newly wealthy looking to own a country estate. Historians have suggested that in the late nineteenth century there was a shift in how such men understood ownership of these estates, showing little enthusiasm for the traditional paternalistic responsibilities; in the face of a declining political and social premium attached to landownership, their interest lay purely in the leisure and sporting opportunities of the rural. However, as this research will show, the newly wealthy were not immune to that wider concern with social stability, and they engaged with their local environment in meaningful ways, using their energies and wealth to fund a range of social improvements. This research extends our understanding of just how the rhetoric of the rural was experienced by the residents of a county which so many saw as incorporating the best of the ‘south country’. In so doing, it makes a significant contribution to our knowledge of how this period of agricultural depression was interpreted by the wider nation, and the impact on social and cultural understanding of the place of the countryside within the national identity.
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Bracken, Patrick. "The growth and development of sport in Co. Tipperary, 1840-1880." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10857.
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The growth and development of sport in Co. Tipperary, 1840 to 1880, was promoted and supported by the landed elite and military officer classes. In the instances of cricket, rugby union and association football, the military were the principle agency through which these sports were disseminated among the people of Tipperary. Sporting trends which were fashionable in Great Britain also became evident in Ireland, and by extension, Tipperary. The thesis demonstrates the emergence of these sports at a micro-level in Tipperary and the qualitative research is indicative of the trends by which they became apparent. The degree to which horse racing and hunting to hounds became an integral aspect of the social lives of the elite class is reflected countywide. The associational culture among this class became evident in summer time recreations most notably archery, lawn tennis and cricket. Cricket was the one sport which was quickly diffused throughout the sporting community of Tipperary as it became, in the 1870s, the most prolific team sport in the county and played by all classes. Sport took place without borders and to this end patronage was a key element of this support. There were some notable supporters who gave of their time and money to ensure that the best resources were in place to bring this about. In this respect the 3rd Marquis of Waterford was a leading figure. The thesis clearly shows that sporting diversions continued through the traumatic famine period. As everyday life continued, so too did recreational sport. Hurling remained a part of Tipperary life and the research identifies new sources to demonstrate this. The growth and evolution of sport in Co. Tipperary, 1840-1880, is put into context with comparable studies in Ireland and Great Britain as the Victorian penchant for sport manifested itself in this part of rural Ireland.
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Gouws, Claudia. "Water en sanitasie in die landelike Hoëveldse woning 1840 -1910: n kultuurhistoriese studie / deur Claudia Gouws." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2291.
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The location of the site where the pioneers settled permanently was determined by the availability of water in the immediate environment. The Highveld contains fertile soils, a fine climate, and an abundance of water. The area has always been extensively used for crop and stock farming, but in general, mixed farming was practiced. The farmers depended on the availability of water, therefore their experiences, observations, weather forecasts, and conclusions, developed into a popular folk meteorology. Furthermore, environmental factors such as local topography, micro climate, hydrography, ground fertility, and the appearance of natural vegetation determined whether or not an area was suitable for permanent residence. The farmstead may be divided into three functional zones (the core-, extended-, and outer farmyard) that are joined by a canal network, used for irrigation and drinking water. The farmhouse and buildings, erected a stones throw away from the water source, served as a focal point for the activities of the farmer. The manipulation of the water source by obstruction of streams and the construction of water canals, weirs and water furrows, assisted the farmer in planning his activities and in using the water to his advantage. The settlement and development of the residence on the rural parts of the Highveld may be divided into three distinct phases. Firstly, the temporary trekboer phase, secondly the pioneer phase and thirdly the permanent settlement phase. The permanence of residence had a direct influence in the layout of the house, the method of construction, and the use of the available water supply. At first, the trekkers were content to reside in roof dwellings (their wagons and tents and a grass screen as their kitchen and a hut near a spring). The first houses were hartbieshuise and kapsteilhuise. The more permanent homesteads of the earlier settlers were a simple rectangular structure (pioneer house) with a saddle grass roof. With the introduction of galvanised iron sheeting, the house was expanded and developed into the veranda-, stoeproom- and a flat roofed rectangular house. This development resulted into a typical rural Highveld homestead. After the discovery of gold in the vicinity of the Witwatersrand, the first gold rush took place resulting in the proclamation of Johannesburg in 1886. Prospectors, mostly foreigners, descended upon the Witwatersrand. Housing took on a more planned structure resembling the late Victorian period of housing in England. The water supply and drainage systems were planned and improved, making it possible to provide running water to kitchens and bathrooms. This impacted firstly on the upper riches of society in the cities, later on the lower middle classes and lastly on the rural areas. European technology regarding the supply of hot pipe water and drainage systems changed the layout of the house. The cooking activity moved from outside behind a screen to a seperate room inside the house. Inevitable changes regarding collecting, storage, purpose, saving and drainage of household water took place. Between 1840 and 1910, evolutionary changes took place regarding sanitation, water supply and personal hygiene. Being part of a particular social class made certain facilities available to certain individuals. A rural Highveld dwelling rarely included sanitary facilities, instead dwellers had a more primitive wash basin in each room in which they washed daily. On a Saturday, a weekly bath was taken in a bathtub in the kitchen or bedroom. Trekkers simply relieved themselves outside. A revolution in sanitary habits and facilities became inevitable. The Victorian dwelling on the Highveld was built according to a standard plan, including a flush water system already in place. This was the ultimate manifestation of sophistication and civilization. The aim of this investigation is to identify the similarities and differences between the use of water by the pioneer, the poor people and the wealthy in their rural dwellings. Furthermore, information has been obtained regarding water usage and sanitation in the bathroom and kitchen in the rural dwelling to be useful in the area of historic architecture and the heritage of our water history.Thesis (M.A. (History))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.
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O'Meara, Peter Francis. "Models of ambulance service delivery for rural Victoria /." 2002. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20030401.152156/index.html.
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Kruss, Julie L. ""Country women are resilient but....” : family planning access in rural Victoria." Thesis, 2012. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/21315/.
Full textAbstract:
Most women use family planning services during their reproductive lifetime, but many lack ready access to such services, particularly in a rural area. The aim of this study was to document and thus develop an understanding of the facilitators and barriers to accessing three types of family planning services (emergency contraception, termination of pregnancy, and options counselling) within a particular rural area of Victoria, Australia, and how these might affect women’s psychosocial health and their ability to make timely decisions about continuation of a pregnancy.
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Marshall, Nicholas. "A Cultural History of Australian Rules Football in Rural South West Victoria during the Interwar Years." Thesis, 2019. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40596/.
Full textAbstract:
Australian Rules football has been played for over 160 years. Originating in Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, the code is the most popular winter sport in the state and much of the nation. The game’s popularity has led to burgeoning historical literature of its origins, development, and expansion. Yet, the majority of these investigations have focused on metro- centric narratives of the code, overlooking the game’s prominence in many of those areas outside of major Australian cities.
This thesis moves away from narratives of the game’s elite metropolitan history to explore the role Australian Rules football played in communicating, reproducing, and promulgating cultural values in a particular rural Australian context. More specifically, I analyse local newspapers from the south west of Victoria during the interwar period to begin the process of ascertaining what the game meant to rural Australian communities and to the nation more generally.
While this thesis examines the general status and popularity of this code of football in a rural context, it focusses on the role that the local press and community played in promoting the game as a space that fostered the development of exemplary men and citizens. Australia’s late colonial and early twentieth century history is replete with narratives that connect Australia’s national identity with rural male figures that were revered for the idyllic manliness they embodied. Less, however, is known about the ideals of manliness in the country during the interwar period. Henceforth, this thesis analyses the multivalent perceptions of how men moulded their masculinity according to celebrated, admired, and revered characteristics of the predominantly male-oriented interwar setting of rural football competitions.
Football in this rural setting was presented as a wholesome entity that nurtured attributes of congeniality, fairness, and sportsmanship. However, the memories extracted from historical sources of the period such as newspapers and monuments also illuminate some troubling aspects of football’s culture that were socially condoned and accepted as ‘a part of the game’. In particular, elements of violence, the accepted decline of Indigenous Australians, concerns about the impact of professionalisation, and the relevance of sport during periods of global crisis complicate the simplistic celebration of country football as a wholesome manly sport.
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Brooks, Margaret J. P. "Beyond the divide: women's experiences in rural Victorian psychiatric rehabilitation services." Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/18145/.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to give voice to women experiencing
psychiatric rehabilitation services in rural Victoria. A critical analysis of the
literature revealed a landscape of marginalisation and alienation for women
experiencing a mental illness in a rural area. This study used a
phenomenological method to explore the meanings of women's experiences.
The understanding of meaning was developed through a dual perspective
with women experiencing rural psychiatric rehabilitation and workers who
delivered these services. The research centred on the voices of the women but
encouraged a personal and collective reflective approach with workers.
As the researcher I also took a reflexive approach which highlighted the
methodology as an evolving and ongoing process and demonstrated the
integral nature of the researcher in the research process. A chapter on locating
the researcher was included as part this reflective process.
The analysis of the collective stories produced a rich diversity of material was drawn together thematically to include:
• Reflections of struggle;
• Long way from anywhere:
• The rural dimension;
• Construction of a caring relationship, and,
• Interlinking care.
Through this thesis I argue that women are marginalised and alienated by social cultural conditions of their lives which impacts on their mental illness
and rural experiences. However, women are not a homogenous group and a
diversity of experiences exists which demonstrates women's active capacity to
mediate their environment. As active participants in their psychiatric
rehabilitation care the women were able to shift their identity from one of
powerlessness and lack of control towards regaining control and managing
their illness and environment. The thesis is a story of transformation as the
women progressively moved forward in their journey.
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Ryan, Kerry. "Palliative care for an ageing population: a rural based model? Or, “For whom the bell tolls”." Thesis, 2007. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/1482/.
Full textAbstract:
Statistics show that Australia has an ageing population which will experience radical changes over the next 50 years due to the progression into retirement of generations born in the ‘baby boom’ years (1945-1965). Statistics also show that the proportion of Australian people over 65 is increasing and, as the majority of deaths occur in this age group the demand for palliative care, or care of the dying, is also likely to increase. Many retiring baby boomers looking for a sea change, gravitate towards coastal and rural areas may well be contributing to Foskey’s (1998) notion of ‘Aged Care Ghettos’ where these areas may not have the desired infrastructure to deal with an increased demand for health services including palliative care services. An increasing focus on, and public interest in palliative care research will likely emerge in keeping with the changing needs of an ageing population. It will become particularly important that relevant research undertakings are initiated to establish a clearer understanding of the issues and problems surrounding palliative care. At the present time there exists a limited research base in relation to palliative care and related services in Australia. While there has been a concentration of palliative support services in urban settings this has not been the case in rural based settings. Palliative Care Australia (2000) reported that half of the people receiving palliative care in Victoria in 1997 died in rural and regional areas, which may be attributed to harsher living environments, poor access to health services, specialists, and health professionals, lower socio-economic status and employment levels, and exposure to occupational hazards. This thesis is concerned with examining palliative care services and related needs in a selected rural area within the Australian state of Victoria. The overall aim of this research was to investigate the availability of palliative care services, trends in ageing and to examine the relationship between the two. Methodology used in this research incorporated a sequential mixed methods approach of quantitative and then qualitative methodology to determine the relationship between the needs of an ageing population and rural palliative care service delivery in Australia. The data collection included demographic statistics from the Australian Bureau of Census and Statistics and Palliative Care Australia, and were used for descriptive purposes to inform and support this research. Other ordinal data were obtained using a questionnaire. These data were analysed in the context of the research. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews with focus groups. The Gippsland area provided an excellent area for this research and the findings of this research would appear to be consistent with the literature relating to access and equity issues faced in rural areas. Other rural areas may replicate the data gathering used in this research. A number of conclusions are able to be drawn from this research based on the review of literature and examination of the emerging issues, results and findings. Statistical projections into ageing indicate that the health of all Australians will have significant consequences for our society as we generally live longer and healthier lives. Health and ageing predictions and projections should prompt key stakeholders including baby boomers, the aged cohorts of the future, to plan and prepare, perhaps redefining ageing in the attempt. Findings further show that planning should include preparations for the expected rise of dementia related diseases and the implications of gender on health which will have ramifications for an ageing population, and in particular for women as carers in our society. As a result of this research recommendations are made for a model for the delivery of palliative care services in rural areas, which is specific to the needs of an ageing population. These recommendations are made in acknowledgement and with respect and consideration for the concerns of the rural community where feedback from focus group participants suggests that rather than another ‘model’, a hospice is what is needed to meet the current and future needs of rural communities. “Another ‘Model’ is the last thing we need, it’s not the how we are doing things, it’s the where – we desperately need a hospice down here” and, “It’s bricks and mortar we want down here, not more theories”. Evidence collected from this research also suggests that a ‘rural attitude’ to death and dying may prevail. In its simplest form, this attitude emerges in statements such as: ‘it’s the country you expect to get less’ and ‘we just look after our own when we can’. It is also apparent that while people in rural areas have the same medical and palliative care needs as those in metropolitan areas, this research shows that they are differentially disadvantaged when it comes to accessing palliative care services. This research has found that a negative relationship exists between ageing trends in a selected rural area of Australia chosen for this study and the availability of palliative care services.
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Fox, Michelle. "Psychosocial Adjustment Following Stroke." Thesis, 2014. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/25075/.
Full textAbstract:
Stroke is the third most common cause of death in Australia. To date, there has been extensive research conducted on the reactive consequences following the diagnosis of stroke. In contrast, there has been limited research effort directed at understanding how some stroke survivors manage to adjust to their adversity and altered circumstances. This study took a phenomenological approach and explored the experiences and strategies stroke survivors employed in their renegotiation of living.
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Porter, Sandra. "An exploration of the support needs of ambulance paramedics." Thesis, 2013. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/22296/.
Full textAbstract:
The work of ambulance paramedics is usually physically and emotionally draining and can place significant amounts of pressure on the emergency service worker. The work they do can impact their social life, their family and ultimately, their health. The primary aim of this research was to explore the psychological and social coping strategies of ambulance paramedics, in dealing with the day to day aspects of their work in the context of their long term health and well-being. A secondary aim was to examine the use of current peer support programs and other referral services used by paramedics. This study was a qualitative exploration of the experiences of ambulance paramedics through interviewing. Qualitative research has allowed the researcher to capture the stories of individuals, in their own words. This study included nine novice paramedics (first year) and 12 longer term employed (five plus years) paramedics within Rural Ambulance Victoria. Participants were also recruited to reflect the gender ratio in the paramedic workforce.
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Mugisha, Emmanuel. "Delivery and utilisation of voluntary HIV counselling and testing services among fishing communities in Uganda." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2954.
Full textAbstract:
The study explored, described and explained the current models of voluntary counselling and testing services delivery and analysed the extent to which a given VCT model had influenced uptake of VCT services in the fishing communities along the shores of Lake Victoria, in Wakiso District, with an aim of designing optimal VCT service delivery strategies. The study was therefore exploratory, descriptive and explanatory, and collected both qualitative and quantitative data in a three-phased approach. Phase I involved the Kasenyi fishing community respondents, while phases II and III involved VCT managers and VCT counsellors at the Entebbe and Kisubi Hospitals.
The findings indicated that VCT services are generally available onsite at health facilities, and in the field through mobile VCT outreach or home-based VCT services provided at clients’ homes. Both client-initiated and health provider-initiated VCT services are available and services are integrated with other health services. Despite the availability of VCT, only about half of the respondents in phase I had accessed VCT services although almost all indicated a willingness to undergo HIV testing in the near future. The main challenges to service delivery and utilisation included limited funding and staffing as well as limited awareness in target communities. The strategies drawn are based on the need to increase availability, accessibility, acceptability and utilisation of VCT services.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Halstead-Lyons, Susan. "Planning and agriculture : the impact of planning controls on agriculture in the Shire of Bass." Thesis, 1992. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15601/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the impacts of planning controls on agriculture and rural land use in the Shire of Bass. The systems approach to planning has been used to provide a context for examining the past and emerging policy base, both explicit and implicit, for the introduction and
administration of planning controls in the Shire. The impact of land use controls on agriculture and rural land use were examined in physical, economic and social terms
using a range of information including Council records, Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) census data and the results of a survey of farmers and small lot owners which
was undertaken as part of this research.
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Azhar, Aftab H. "Short term planning and operation of irrigation systems." Thesis, 2001. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15766/.
Full textAbstract:
In recent times, with regards to rural water supplies in Victoria and most other parts of Australia, emphasis is placed more on efficient use of existing water resources than on new resource developments. This is especially true for irrigation systems. This emphasis is mainly due to limited funds available for construction works, lack of
suitable hydrologic sites, and the spirited and justifiable lobbying of enviromnental groups against construction of new projects. Hence to meet the increased water demands, efficient operation of existing irrigation systems is required. Recently with the high computational power of personal computers, irrigation scheduling based on an accounting of soil water budget components has become popular around the world. This research project focuses on such irrigation scheduling techniques, with the aim of improving the efficiency of water use, thus leading to conservation of water resources.
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Radford, Lyn. "Factors and dynamics influencing the implementation of community interventions: a systems perspective." Thesis, 2007. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/1463/.
Full textAbstract:
Community interventions are a recent development in the field of prevention. This study sought to address the current gap in this area, between scientific knowledge and community practice, through an understanding of practitioners’ experiences of implementation. A case study was undertaken to explore the context and complexity of implementation processes. Data was collected concurrently with the implementation of a community intervention located in rural Victoria, Australia, which aimed to reduce early school leaving. Implementers’ perspectives on a guide to best practice, developed from the academic literature, were sought. Concepts from systems theory and ecological approaches were combined to create a framework suitable for the analysis of the data. The intervention was viewed as an open system. Its progression from being a subsystem of the funded organization to a subsystem of both the funded organization and the community was examined. Factors such as meeting community needs and community members as program staff were found to facilitate community acceptance. The interactions within and between the subsystems of the intervention and the community were also explored. School retention rates were suggestive of some level of impact on school leaving. Additional positive outcomes were the facilitation and/or strengthening of links between community subsystems, and a perceived change within the funded organization. This thesis goes some way towards bridging the gap between science and practice in this field. Findings contribute to the debate regarding flexibility versus fidelity and a greater understanding of the unique challenges faced by rural interventions.
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Mason, Robert J. "Critical factors in the development and performance of food and wine trails in Australia." Thesis, 2010. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/16039/.
Full textAbstract:
Food and wine trails are a new and exciting part of culinary tourism in Australia. Such attractions are now an integral part of tourism in all the main food and wine production states. While trails join multiple food and wine venues into linked destinations for tourists and have grown in number, they are not widely understood. There has been very little research on them in Australia or overseas.
This qualitative research was undertaken in the three states of South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria. The research objectives incorporated:
• establishing the principal factors involved in the development and performance of food and wine trails in Australia.
• understanding the economic importance of food and wine trails,
• comprehending and elaborating upon critical components,
• developing an awareness of the demography and expectation of tourist-consumers on food and wine trails.
Finally, a principal aim was to develop a theoretical framework through which food and wine trails can be understood.
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Masoka, Nomvula Sylvia. "Post-settlement land reform challenges : the case of the Department of Agriculture, Rural Development and Land Administration, Mpumalanga Province / Nomvula Sylvia Masoka." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13360.
Full textAbstract:
As a national key priority programme, land reform acts as a driving force for rural development and building the economy of the country. In order for land reform to contribute to sustainable livelihoods for land reform beneficiaries, it must be supported by diversified programmes of pre- and post-settlement support of agrarian reform in a non-centralised and non-bureaucratic manner. Post-settlement support in the context of South African land reform refers to post-transfer support or settlement support given to land reform beneficiaries after they have received land. Support services, or complementary development support, as specified in the White Paper of the South African Land Policy of 1996, include assistance with productive and sustainable land use, agricultural extension services support, infrastructural support, access to markets and credit facilities, and agricultural production inputs.
Government’s mandate is, however, not only restricted to the redistribution of land or making land more accessible. It is also responsible for empowering beneficiaries and for creating an effective support foundation to ensure that sustainable development takes place, specifically in the rural areas of the country. In practice, sustainable development entails that, for land reform to be successful, the quality of life of beneficiaries must improve substantially and the acquired land must be utilised to its full commercial potential, after resettlement on claimed land has occurred. Therefore, an effective post-settlement support strategy and model must be set in place.
The Department of Rural Development and Land Reform (DRDLR) and the Department of Agriculture, Rural Development and Land Administration (DARDLA) are the key departments that have been mandated to implement the Land Reform Programme (LRP). DRDLR is responsible for facilitation of the land acquisition (pre-settlement support) and DARDLA for post-settlement support, ensuring that the land or farms that have been delivered or acquired by land beneficiaries are economically viable. Without post-settlement support, land reform will not yield to sustainable development and nor improve the quality of life of rural people. There is, however, little or no evidence to suggest that land reform has led to improved efficiency, improvement of livelihoods, job creation or economic growth.
Against this background, the study investigated and unlocked the key challenges related to the post-settlement support of the LRP, with emphasis on the agricultural support programmes rendered by the DARDLA in Mpumalanga Province to land reform beneficiaries. It further examined how such support impacts on the sustainability of the LRP, and made recommendations to the management of the Department on what could be done to further improve post-settlement support to land reform projects towards achieving the objective of sustainable development.M Public Administration, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014