Journal articles on the topic 'Rural Thai society'
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1
Jaiser, Gerhard. "Tense Harmony: Thai Cinema and Popular Music." Plaridel 15, no. 1 (June 2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52518/2018.15.1-04jaiser.
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This paper follows the development of the special connection between Thai cinema and Thai popular music from the 1920s onward. The main argument is that the two dominant musical styles of luk krung and luk thung have become representative of different social groups within Thailand and that this diversification can also be found in Thai cinema. Luk thung, identified with the rural poor, was mostly rejected by producers and audience during the 1950s and 1960s. Only from the 1970s onward did a cinematic style that represented this sector of Thai society and culture develop. In this sense, one can view Thai cinema as an archive of Thai popular music.
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Amekawa, Yuichiro. "Contemporary Quests and Struggles of Small-Scale Family Farms toward Sustainable Agriculture in Thailand." Asian Social Science 12, no. 5 (April 19, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n5p1.
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<p>One of the pillars of Thai Studies is to examine Thai rural society and culture, especially that of small-scale farmers who comprise the majority of rural agriculturalists in Thailand. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the characteristics and challenges of contemporary Thai rural society through elucidating the pursuit and struggles of small-scale family farms toward ‘sustainable agriculture’ in the context of deepening social and environmental challenges associated with modern industrial agriculture. For this objective, an overview is presented with regard to the characteristics of small-scale family agriculture in Thailand, followed by accounts of the contemporary circumstances of integrated farming, organic farming, and public good agricultural practices in which small-scale family farms have been involved.</p>
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Prayukvong, Wanna, Nara Huttasin, and Morris John Foster. "Buddhist economics meets agritourism on the Thai farm." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-08-2014-0065.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that both leisure and sustainability objectives can be achieved via Buddhist economics informed agritourism. Buddhist economics differs significantly from mainstream (neoclassical) economics in its ontological underpinning. This means that assumptions about human nature are different: the core values of mainstream economics are self-interest and competition in the pursuit of maximum welfare or utility; while in Buddhist economics, “self” includes oneself, society and nature, which are all simultaneously interconnected. The core values of Buddhist economics are compassion and collaboration through which well-being is achieved, leading to higher wisdom (pañña). Because of this, the interconnectedness of activities and relationships, even those not initially obviously so linked, is crucial. Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical argument is illustrated by a pilot study of an agritourism, package tour to visit the properties of Thai farmers involved with a project known as “running a one rai farm to gain a one hundred thousand baht return”. The research is exploratory in character. Findings – A result of this study is to reveal agritourism as a significant market channel to promote sustainable agriculture. Originality/value – Agritourism can be considered an instrument for rural development with its contribution to positive economic impacts, providing economic opportunities to sustain financial security for the farming family, maintaining viability of the agricultural sector and local communities and creating jobs for rural residents together with sustainable agriculture.
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Boonkhachorn, Trisilpa. "Changes in Thai Rural Society: A Literary Perspective in the Development of Lao Khamhom’s Literary Works." MANUSYA 6, no. 3 (2003): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00603005.
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Thabchumpon, Naruemon. "Grassroot NGOs and Political Reform in Thailand: Democracy behind Civil Society." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 13 (March 10, 1998): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v13i1.2164.
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This article argues that behind the concept of civil society is a
real opportunity for populist forces to drive democracy forward.
In Thailand, the participatory role of non-governmental
organisations, particularly at grassroots level, is very important.
By advocating people's participation and empowerment,
grassroots NGOs may be in a position to expand
notions of democracy, from mere parliamentarism to genuine
participatory democracy. In the Thai case, however, success
will depend upon whether the grassroots non-governmental
organisations (GNGOs) are able to establish a linkage
between 'elite-urban' and 'rural-popular' elements in Thai
civil society. The key question is whether these organisations
are able to democratise Thai civil society and create an
enhanced form of participatory democracy.
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Delcore, Henry D. "Symbolic Politics or Generification ? The Ambivalent Implications of Tree Ordinations in the Thai Environmental Movement." Journal of Political Ecology 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v11i1.21656.
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Since the early 1990s, tree ordinations have become an important practice for some Thai environmental activists who seek greater legitimacy for local management and use of natural resources. This paper, explores the political and cultural effects of tree ordinations by applying the concepts of “cultural objectification” and “cultural generification. It argues that recent uses of tree ordinations depend on a process of cultural objectification, facilitating the generification of the ritual and its various components as an example of the larger category of “local wisdom.” Significant forms of power difference are implicated in the process. Middle class NGO activists largely controlled the practice and representation of the ritual and its symbols, and tended to objectify and simplify the values and practices of rural people. The tree ordinations of 1996-1997, dedicated to King Rama IX, had the further effect of symbolically bolstering the hierarchical structure of the Thai state and Thai society as a whole – a structure in which local leaders and middle class NGO activists exercise power as arbiters of “good” and “bad” culture among rural people. These are the ambiguous implications to which the title of this article refers: a process of objectification and generification and its place in the reproduction of a hierarchical political and cultural order, together with some decidedly positive outcomes of tree ordinations for the conservation and control of natural resources by rural people.Key words: Thailand, environmental activism, social hierarchy, power, cultural objectification.
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Choenkwan, Sukanlaya, and Micah R. Fisher. "Introduction to the special section: Agrarian transformation in Thailand - Commodities, landscapes, and livelihoods." Forest and Society 2, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v2i2.5356.
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This is an introduction and review for a special section on agrarian transformation in Thailand. The article seeks to guide greater attention toward issues affecting rural Thai landscapes and livelihoods. Through the examination of specific commodities across various geographies, the paper seeks to refocus research towards decision making processes among rural communities. The research draws on field study cases that follow various aspects of particular commodities, including rubber, pomelo, tomato, cassava, and furthermore, incorporates complementary research in Forest and Society on coffee, ginger, jujube, and agrotourism in Thailand. Through the factors shaping engagement with these agricultural commodities, we examine issues including labor, soil fertility, contract farming arrangements, drought resistant crops, climate change, and others. In this way we seek to draw attention to the complex dynamics taking place on the Thai rural landscape and the factors that are reshaping land relations. Through initiating a research network on similar research approaches we identify and envision broader opportunities for helping to re-imagine future possibility in rural Thailand.
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Watarachanakool, Pornvipa. "Science, Technology and the Supernatural in Contemporary Thai Novels." MANUSYA 9, no. 1 (2006): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00901004.
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As science and technology gain a high reputation and perform an increasingly dominant role in the present globalized era, old knowledge and wisdom, especially local forms, are fast disappearing. Will this trend necessarily bring about a brighter future for the whole world? Are science and technology trustworthy enough and safe enough for human beings to rely on without the other, dated, form of knowledge? These questions comprise the main interest of this paper, which endeavors to search for ideas, practices, and, also, expectations about the stated issues from Thai contemporary novels, in order to examine whether or not there is such a trend in Thai society, and what is the explanation. From literary and cultural anthropological perspectives, the findings seem to reflect that the Thai urban population are well aware of the increasing significance of science and technology and welcome them with enthusiasm. However, for the majority of the rural citizens, the information found presents a rather active role of local cultures and religion, which are closely related to beliefs in the supernatural. This paper is attempts to present some insight into this important issue.
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Chattharakul, Anyarat. "Thai Electoral Campaigning: Vote-Canvassing Networks and Hybrid Voting." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 29, no. 4 (December 2010): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341002900404.
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Based on evidence gathered through participant observation, this article illuminates the nature of vote-canvassing, previously a black box in Thai electoral studies. Offering a close-up study of the internal mechanisms of an individual Thai election campaign, this article reveals that vote-canvasser networks are underpinned by long-term dyadic relationships, both hierarchical and horizontal, between the candidate, vote-canvassers and voters. These networks continue to be the most important factor in winning elections. This article documents how candidates draw up an election campaign map and identify voters along residential lines to maximise their vote-canvassing strategy. The findings of this article challenge Anek's 1996 concept of “two democracies”, which argues that rural voters are influenced by money, local leaders, political factions and corrupt politicians while more well-educated, urban, middle-class voters are more oriented toward the alternative policies offered by competing parties. The case study of Kom's election campaign showed that the role of the much-vaunted middle-class voters is not decisive, even in suburban areas of Bangkok. While political marketing has grown in importance in Thai elections, it has not displaced traditional electoral practices. Thai society is, in fact, deeply fragmented and diverse – too complex to be divided in such a simplistic manner. This article suggests that rather than undergoing a linear transformation, political hybridisation is a key trend in Thai election campaigns.
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Dayley, Robert, and Attachak Sattayanurak. "Thailand's last peasant." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 47, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 42–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463415000478.
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Does Thailand still have peasants? Does it still have a peasant society? How dynamic are Thailand's chaona? To answer these questions we begin with an interview of a septuagenarian farmer who discusses rural change over his lifetime and provocatively claims he is ‘the last peasant’ of his village. We use this rural anecdote as a catalyst to highlight agrarian change in Thailand and to expose the hazards of employing static concepts to describe contemporary rural political economy. By analysing the use and meanings of the term ‘peasant’ and its Thai equivalents, we demonstrate how static concepts obscure Thailand's rural evolution and contribute to misleading assumptions, harmful agrarian myths, and extant political cleavage.
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Kleebthong, Duangkaew, Sukjai Chareonsuk, and Lisbeth Kristiansen. "Older Thai Peoples’ Perceptions and Experiences of Major Depression." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 9 (June 16, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n9p26.
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BACKGROUND: Depressive disorders are common mental health problems and may be disabling among the general older population. Although older people have significant symptoms of depression, the symptoms are likely to be underreported. The condition often co-exist along with somatic ill and has often been unrecognized. The aim of the study was to explore and understand the perceptions and experiences of older Thai people diagnosed with major depressive disorder.METHODS: A qualitative inductive research design was used and latent content analysis was utilized. The data were collected through face-to-face, in-depth interviews. Fourteen older people diagnosed with major depressive disorder were selected for participant using purposive sampling. FINDINGS: Older Thai peoples’ perceptions and experiences of depression were abstracted into two themes. First theme was leading a life in detachment, which included three subthemes: living with meaninglessness, holding distress with one’s self, and feeling judged by surrounded people. The second theme was inconvenience of approaching mental health treatment, which included two subthemes: sensing an unapproachable health care service, and lacking knowledge about clinical depression.CONCLUSION: Older Thai peoples’ perceptions and experiences of major depression were affected with high level suspected existential loneliness that might even be worse in a collect oriented society as in the Thai context. Further, it seem hard to approach the mental health care. The central reason for this is interpreted as lack of mental health literacy, and in this case, specifically, knowledge on depression. Future studies should focus on relatives’ experiences of living with an older family member that suffered from major depression, and on the state of mental health literacy in the rural Thai population.
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Vorng, Sophorntavy. "Beyond the Urban-Rural Divide: Complexities of Class, Status and Hierarchy in Bankok." Asian Journal of Social Science 39, no. 5 (2011): 674–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853111x608302.
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Abstract The Thai political conflict is often described in terms of an urban-rural class divide. Using an emic, ethnographic approach, I problematise this analysis by examining Bangkokian notions of class and status differentiation. These have their bases in the feudal sakdina era as well as notions of Buddhist hierarchy, and privilege cosmopolitanism, foreignness and wealth, as encapsulated by such hybrid concepts as ‘inter’ and ‘hi-so’ — both of which are adopted from the English language phrases ‘international’ and ‘high society’, respectively. Such notions cannot adequately be explained in terms of Western-centric concepts of class, yet are nevertheless shaped by Thailand’s historical engagement with Western powers as well as subsequent processes of globalization. Furthermore, status appraisal in Bangkok includes nuanced distinctions of consumption, education, ethnicity, and occupation, amongst other things, while simultaneously having a situational characteristic. This compels us to examine a variety of factors beyond the urban-rural divide in the discussion of the ongoing crisis.
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KARIM, Mohammad Rezaul. "DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS OF PUBLIC HEALTHCARE AND EDUCATION EXPENDITURE: A CASE OF THAILAND." Journal of Community Positive Practices 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35782/jcpp.2021.2.02.
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The policy advocacy of academics and researchers signify the public spending on education and health as the positive externalities and spillover effects in the society. It also promotes that social spending helps reducing income inequality and eventually reduce poverty. This study aims at analyzing the distributional effects of social spending on education and health by examining the pre and post income distribution in Thailand following the quantitative dataset of 2011. It follows calculation of benefit incidences, which is a method of computing distributional effects of public spending, based on different five income groups (poorest, poor, moderate, rich & riches). The study divulges that Thai education system seems to be pro-poor particularly for primary and secondary education whereas healthcare seems pro-rich. It is revealed that benefit of the poorest income group increased from 8.16 per cent to 9.51 per cent while it decreased from 41.48 per cent to 39.86 per cent for the richest group after government expenditure. The increase for poor and decrease for rich in income benefit after public expenditure is treated as positive for the society. The total public expenditure on these two sectors in Thailand denotes the decrease in inequality as the Gini coefficient went down to 0.2818 from 0.3056. The study suggests increasing expenditure for the rural and poor people to minimize the gap. A special stipend is suggested for the rural student to at tertiary level where richest has highest share and there is big gap in at this level. The study also recommends establishing more higher education institutes at the provincial level to benefit the poor and rural people living away from the capital. Study suggests government to impose tax on private healthcare, which is usually availed by affluent people. Likewise, government can spend more money for lower income group. Policy should also formulate to emphasize rural people than urban in order to provide benefit to the poor.
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Husarski, Roman. "Moral Entertainment – The Buddhist Hell Parks of Thailand." Studia Religiologica 54, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844077sr.21.013.16550.
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Visiting Hell parks is a popular pastime in contemporary Thailand. Situated near Buddhist temples, these gruesome sculpture gardens depict the Buddhist vision of Hell. These grotesque and violent sculptures are usually seen as an oddity and a form of low art. Perhaps for this reason, they are rarely studied by scholars. This article focuses on the parks as modern entertainment. Usually found in rural areas, these spots try to answer the challenges of the commercialisation and globalisation of Thai society. A detailed analysis of four Hell parks, Wang Saen Suk, Wat Pa Lak Roi, Wat Pa Non Sawan and Wat Pa Thewapithak, shows that these religious amusement parks serve not only as means of entertainment but are also places of Buddhist morality.
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Wahyaka, Hermanus. "Gender Bias in The Rural Community as Reflected in Minfong Ho�s Sing to The Dawn." LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2017): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/llt.v15i2.321.
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This study aims at identifying the evidences of gender-biased behaviour and actions and at finding the possible reasons why those gender-biased behaviour and actions happen within the life of the rural community as depicted in the novel. The problems, therefore, are formulated as follows: 1). What are the evidences of gender-biased behaviour and actions experienced by the major female characters of HosSing to the Dawn?and 2). Why do the gender-biased behaviour and actionsoccur within the life of the rural communityas in HosSing to the Dawn? This study is a library research. The primary source is the novel itself, Sing to the Dawn. The secondary sources are obtained from several relevant books related to literary theories such as the critical approach, the theory of gender, the theory of society, and the review of Thai society. In order to relate the gender bias and a certain community, the socio-cultural approach is used to examine the novel. This study found that gender biased behaviour and actions committed by the male characters towards the major female characters manifest in several manners; they are subordination of women, mental violence, violent intention, physical violence, sex role stereotyping, and marginalization. The possible reasons enabling the manifestation of gender biased behaviour and actions committed by the male characters towards the major female characters are cultural construction on women subordination, cultural construction on sex roles stereotyping as the result of patriarchal system, religious misinterpretation, and poverty.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2012.150205
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Nyamathi, Adeline, Chandice Covington, and Malaika Mutere. "Vulnerable Populations in Thailand: Giving Voice to Women Living With HIV/AIDS." Annual Review of Nursing Research 25, no. 1 (January 2007): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.25.1.339.
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Thailand was the first Asian country hit by the AIDS epidemic, and in the 1990s reported the fastest spread of HIV/AIDS in the world. According to Thailand’s Ministry of Public Health, women, primarily between the child-bearing ages of 15 and 49, are increasingly becoming infected with HIV. A number of factors contribute to the increasing AIDS epidemic, including the rise of the commercial sex industry in Thailand; social disparities that have existed between men and women throughout Thailand’s history; and the gender-expectations faced by Thai women toward family and society.Thailand enjoys one of the oldest, reputedly successful primary health care delivery systems in the world; one that relies on community health workers to reach the most rural of populations. In the mid-1990s, day care centers were established at district hospitals by the Thai government to provide medical, psychological, and social care to people living with HIV/AIDS (PWA). Buddhist temples also provide a source of alternative care for PWAs. However, the AIDS policy of the Thai government relies on families to care for the country’s sick.Although poor women are a vulnerable population in Thailand, they are changing the paradigm of AIDS stigma while providing a significant cost-savings to the Thai government in their caregiving activities. Based on existing nursing studies on Thailand, this chapter gives voice to poor Thai women living with HIV/AIDS, and examines how they make sense of their gendered contract with society and religion while being HIV/AIDS caregivers, patients, or both.
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Tuttle, Denis, Jiranan Griffiths, and Anuchart Kaunnil. "Predictors of caregiver burden in caregivers of older people with physical disabilities in a rural community." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): e0277177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277177.
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Caring for an aging society is a problem facing many countries including Thailand. This cross-sectional study investigated caregiver burden and related predictive factors among 69 caregivers who had older family members with physical disabilities. Burden Scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref Thai (QOL), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ), Barthel Activity of Daily Living Index (ADL), and Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL) assessments were used in addition to demographic data. Thirteen caregivers (18.8%) reported no caregiver burden, 30 (43.5%) reported low-moderate burden, 21 (30.4%) reported moderate-high burden and 5 (7.2%) reported high burden. Using Fisher’s Exact Test the factors found to be significantly associated to caregiver burden were: categorical age of the caregiver (p = .000), education level of the caregiver (p = .002), relationship to the care recipient (p = .009), categorical income level of the caregiver (p = .041), QOL of the caregiver (p = .001) and ADL status of the care recipient (p = .003). Forward stepwise linear regression model revealed three factors which were PHQ score (β = .543, p < .000), ADL score (β = -.341, p = .001) and hours of care/week (β = .227, p = .017). Future studies should focus on interventions that impact depression levels, independence with activities of living and hours of care per week.
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Prasertrungruang, Montree, and Dusadee Ayuwat. "Social choices for the next generation of elderly: The combination of resources allocation and the utilization of social conditions." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.10 (April 2, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10.10964.
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With the advent of the aged society amidst capitalism development, the Next Generation of Elderly (NGE) has the chance to seek social choices. This research relied on the Resource Profile Framework to study the social choices of NGEs under the Capability Approach and the Structuration Approach. The qualitative research method was used with the research target group, or NGEs, who were Thai citizens aged 50 to 59 years residing in an urban and a rural areas of Kud Piang Khom Sub-District, the district of a complete aged society. The data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews from May to September, 2016 with 36 NGEs. Descriptive analysis was conducted to synthesize their social choices. The result showed 5 social choices used by the NGEs: (1) The choice that arises from the use of resource in one dimension for a return of resource in that dimension; (2) The choice that arises from the use of resource in one dimension for a return of resource in another dimension; (3) The choice that arises from the use of resources from many dimensions; (4) The choice that arises from facilitating social conditions; and (5) The choice that arises from integrating personal resources with utilization of facilitating social conditions. NGEs’ social choices were found to vary according to the individuals and community context.
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Ross, Lawrence. "The Rong Ngeng of the Andaman Coast: History, Ecology, and the Preservation of a Traditional Performing Art." Manusya: Journal of Humanities 23, no. 3 (December 23, 2020): 389–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-02303008.
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Abstract This article examines recent grassroots strategies for preserving traditional performing arts along southern Thailand’s Andaman Sea Coast, focusing on rong ngeng, an idiomatic form of social dance and music, widely popular there in the post-World War Two years. Between 1935 and 1960 a small, mixed cohort of rural performing artists created networks of communities, scattered on Thai-Andaman, with a distinctive regional culture based in the shared repertoire of songs and dances they adapted, created an innovative lyrical style called phleng tanyong (Tanyong song), and a star system that turned village performers into local celebrities (Ross 2017, 68). More than a mere vibrant, short-lived micro-tradition which declined in the wake of a growing, hegemonic pan-Thai performing arts culture, however, rong ngeng has, since the 2000s, experienced a revival. The new incarnation was tied to economics, nostalgia, and a reawakening of local identity. Using a broadly cultural ecology approach which draws on more than a decade of fieldwork in the Thailand-Malaysia border region, oral accounts of rong ngeng performers, past and present, and comparisons with performance practices across the regions, this paper argues that efforts toward revival and sustainability have seen their greatest success among communities that possess several characteristics, including strong historical and genealogical links to erstwhile cultural practices, participatory forms of entertainment, and the ability among its members to articulate the relevance of performing arts to the society-at-large.
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Speciale, Alex C. "Prevalence and factors related to psychological distress among ethnic minority adults in a semi-modern village in rural Vietnam: an evolutionary mismatch framework." Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoab014.
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Abstract Background and objectives Psychological distress is one of the greatest health threats facing humanity and has been hypothesized to represent an evolutionary mismatch. This hypothesis can be tested in semi-traditional societies that are undergoing transitions to modern lifestyles. This study used an evolutionary medicine framework to examine the predictors of psychological distress symptomology in a semi-modern ethnic minority village in rural Vietnam that is transitioning into a developing economy. Methodology A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Chieng Sai Village among White Thai ethnic minority adults aged 18–75. The DASS-21 scale was used to measure the prevalence of psychological distress symptoms (depression and stress), and a closed format questionnaire was used to collect data on independent variables within an evolutionary mismatch framework. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine associated factors of psychological distress symptomology. Results The prevalence of psychological distress symptoms was 22% (depression = 16.9%, stress = 16.3%). Common features of modernity, such as low levels of exercise, boredom, and low income, showed positive associations with psychological distress, while lifestyle features that were more similar to those expected in the evolutionary past and that fulfill evolutionary adaptations, such as getting enough sleep, adequate physical exertion, and access to resources (earning a sufficient income), showed negative associations with psychological distress. Conclusions and implications This study suggests that modern lifestyles might have generated evolutionary mismatches that are negatively impacting mental health in Chieng Sai Village. Further investigations on mental health in rural Vietnam are warrented. Future research should focus on determining the causal relationship between psychological distress and evolutionary mismatches. Evolutionary medicine approaches to understanding and preventing psychological distress are potential forces of insight to be considered in public health and educational policy. Lay summary Approximately 22% of White Thai ethnic minority adults in the village of Cheing Sai reported psychological distress symptoms. I found that lifestyle factors prevalent in modern society had positive associations with psychological distress symptomology, while lifestyle factors that mimic aspects of the human evolutionary past, such as adequate physical exertion, had negative associations with psychological distress symptoms.
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Čamo, Merima. "Edukacijske silnice ruralnog načina života u savremenom (urbanom) društvu." Obrazovanje odraslih/Adult Education 14, no. 2 2014 (2014): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53617/issn2744-2047.2014.14.2.69.
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The purpose of this article is to point out the original tendencies of a rural community to be maintained within different historical, social and physical conditions. Notwithstanding inevitable change of a village under the influence of social dynamics whose effects initially were observed in the city, this albeit oldest form of social-physical organization had preserved some specific structural and interactional characteristics that again restore its existence. Such rural activity with a prefix ''traditional'' is a firstly observed through anthrop-causal relation between rural and urban area that simultaneously characterize interdependence and contradiction. Although such character is temporal given that one itself can be successfully analyzed only within certain timeframe and certain social-economic conditions, following text presents basic differences, advantages, possibilities as well as contradictions that created and established these two social developments that shall finally give a broader frame of rural-urban complex. The accent is on analysis of causes and consequences of urban crisis and opportunities of rural, which (together with multi-millenium experience of urban) can be adequate social cure, phenomenon of panacea for anomic tissue of contemporary urban community.
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Muhsin, Imam. "MODIN: PELAYAN UMAT & PENJAGA TRADISI." Thaqafiyyat : Jurnal Bahasa, Peradaban dan Informasi Islam 20, no. 2 (August 2, 2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/thaq.2021.20201.
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The development of Islam in a region cannot be separated from the role of local figures. In addition to being a supporter for Islamic da'wah, he also contributed to the color of Islam that developed in the region. One of the local figures was modin. Modin is a highly respected and respected figure, and has a considerable influence for rural communities. Beside it, modin is also a very famous figure among the villagers. The popularity of this local figure certainly can not be separated from his duties and responsibilities that are in direct contact with the pulse of village life. Most of the entire life cycle of a person from pre-birth to post-deathcan not bereleased from the duties and roles of a modin.Mbah Ahmad Musnadiis one of the localfigures asstated above.He is a modinin Ngadimulyo Village, Kampak District, Trenggalek Regency, East Java.This paper discusses the life history of Mbah Ahmad Musnadiand his role in society in his capacity asa modin.Through discussion of these two issues, this paper is expected to reveal the sides of the character's life that deserves to be used as an example, lesson, and inspiration for the next generation. Moreover, this paper is expected to enrich the source of information about the history of the struggle of a religious figure so as to enrich the treasures of knowledge about the history of local Islam.
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Querol, Vicent A., and Xavier Ginés Sànchez. "La participació dels espais rurals en la sostenibilitat ambiental. Anàlisi dels discursos d’iniciatives productives en el context rural de Castelló." Disjuntiva. Crítica de les Ciències Socials 1, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/disjuntiva2020.1.2.2.
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Els espais rurals han estat cridats a jugar un paper central en la lluita per pal· liar els efectes del canvi climàtic. La categorització exògena que ha dividit i separat la natura de la societat i la cultura ha tingut efectes negatius sobre la relació entre les poblacions rurals i les institucions que han de vetlar per la sostenibilitat ambiental. Aquest article es planteja l’anàlisi d’iniciatives productives que, des de les àrees rurals de Castelló, hem identificat amb el concepte de Nova Ruralitat i de quina manera els seus discursos harmonitzen amb la sostenibilitat ambiental. L’enfocament teòric revisa un marc on s’exposen les accions del conservacionisme propi de les àrees protegides i del desenvolupament rural, com també les noves concepcions que reforcen els enfocaments que donen veu i valor a les mirades des del rural. I això sense perdre de vista un context institucional supralocal que concentra serveis i infraestructures a les ciutats al temps que genera normatives que segueixen desequilibrant el territori valencià. El bastiment d’una ciutadania rural conscient del canvi climàtic alhora que esperonada a la participació en els processos institucionals esdevé una de les claus d’una sostenibilitat ambiental que ha de recolzar-se sobre una altra sostenibilitat: la social al rural. | Rural areas have been called to play a central role in the fight to mitigate the effects of climate change. The exogenous categorization that has divided and separated nature from society and culture had negative effects on the relation between rural dwellers and the Institutions that supposed to look after environmental sustainability.
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Kusio, Tomasz, and Mariantonietta Fiore. "Which Stakeholders’ Sector Matters in Rural Development? That Is the Problem." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020454.
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In the age of COVID, the regaining of economies appears mostly imperative, and rural areas could play a crucial role in this framework. The question of inhabitants’ dispersion and low density, and the exodus of rural people to bigger urban centers have determined an adverse effect on rural development. Rural isolation rises to be a higher order good, delivering a higher degree of security in the pandemic context for those seeking refuge from gatherings of cities. Rural areas provide food, natural environments, and resources that help occupations, development, and wealth trends and preserve cultural heritage. Consequently, rural spaces are vital for several motives and thus it is essential to focus on issue of rural development, especially since lacking rural development does not allow dialoging about development in a regional and/or national perspective. This paper investigates the stakeholders’ impact on rural development, by considering the increasing role of stakeholders as well as the specificity of the diverse objectives pursued by these groups. As there are several stakeholder groups, attention was sweeping, defining them in a sectoral way to corporate, sciences, public administrations, and society. Where there was a need to distinguish among these sectors groups of stakeholders in a more detailed way, such identification took place, for example, in relation to social leaders. The analysis of the results of the questionnaire survey performed in 2020 aimed to accomplish the identified purposes of the paper. The online survey using the CAWI method was conducted in southeastern Poland among people representing all stakeholder groups. The outcomes of the investigation indicate the great prominence of business in the development of rural areas being able to generate added value and influence the increase of entity potential.
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DOJA, ALBERT. "Dreaming of Fecundity in Rural Society." Rural History 16, no. 2 (September 12, 2005): 209–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793305001482.
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In Albanian village society, the main characteristic of the social status of women, and their only function that meets social approval, is their aptitude for procreation and motherhood. And the Albanian child is first and foremost a son, who will succeed his father, inherit from him, guarantee the everlastingness of his lineage and honour his ancestors. If the daughter is a future wife and a potential mother, polyvalent images make the boy child the symbol of radical transformation, renewal and regeneration. The beliefs, rites, practices, the multiple symbolic forms and collective representations surrounding birth and socialisation, in addition to their magic, divinatory or propitiatory roles, are also used to confer a symbolic value of recognition on the processes of construction and socialisation of the individual who has just been born.
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Leng, Xiangming, Min Zhong, Junling Xu, and Shenghua Xie. "Falling Into the Second-Generation Decline? Evidence From the Intergenerational Differences in Social Identity of Rural–Urban Migrants in China." SAGE Open 10, no. 3 (July 2020): 215824402093953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020939539.
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Previous studies have not adequately articulated the intergenerational differences in social identity of rural–urban migrants in China. Using survey data from Wuhan, China, the study tests three hypotheses on intergenerational differences in rural–urban migrants’ social identity based on first-generation and new-generation migrants’ attitudes toward rural and urban society. Results suggest that first-generation migrants are more likely to view themselves as rural rather than urban citizens. However, new-generation migrants tend to regard themselves as neither peasants nor urban citizens, which means that their identity reconstruction is at a stalled status. The identity perplexity of new-generation migrants suggests that they may be in danger of falling into the second-generation decline because there is a mismatch between their aspirations and the practical situation of their identity integration. This article highlights that when analyzing rural–urban migrants’ social identity, it is very important to consider the role of generation and rural–urban migrants’ attitudes toward their background society. Furthermore, the study suggests that in a rural–urban dichotomized society without institutional and social support, rural–urban migrants’ identity integration will not be achieved. Therefore, the Chinese government needs to build an institutionally and socially inclusive society.
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TITTLER, ROBERT. "Rural Society and the Painters’ Trade in Post-Reformation England." Rural History 28, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793316000121.
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Abstract:This article examines two opposing views on the role and presence of painters in post-Reformation rural England. The art historian William Gaunt concluded that painters simply ‘vanished’ from the local scene in their flight to London; the historical geographer John Patten saw non-agricultural workers in general flocking to the rural scene in the same era. Drawing on a database of over 2,600 working painters, the article explores the presence and role of the painters’ occupation in rural England between 1500 and 1640. It emphasises the painters’ accommodation to changing consumer demands; it offers a revised view of their geographic distribution over time; it shows that painters continued to serve the rural scene, albeit in somewhat different ways and from different locales than before.
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BAKER, CHRIS, and PASUK PHONGPAICHIT. "Early Modern Siam as a Mainly Urban Society." Modern Asian Studies 51, no. 2 (March 2017): 235–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000123.
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AbstractEarly modern Siam is usually portrayed as a predominantly rural, peasant society. This picture is assumed from the worldwide trend of rural-to-urban transition, rather than from study of Siam itself. The available sources have a striking lack of any evidence on rural society. This article explores the possibility that this absence may reflect a real-world difference, not just perception. Unlike in temperate zones, enough food could be produced without dedicating the efforts of a majority of the population to agriculture. Rice could be grown by part-time ‘commuter’ agriculture, and other foods found by everyday hunting and gathering. Cultural preference based on the instinct for survival may have reinforced an affinity for urban residence. The scant data on Siam's demography suggest the majority of the population lived in urban places. Descriptions of the capital portray a commercial and industrial centre, capable of employing many in non-agricultural pursuits. The state systems for raising resources were tailored to an urban rather than a rural society. While the scarcity of data on early Siam makes any ‘proof’ impossible, the thesis that Siam was a predominantly urban society is worth exploring. From the early eighteenth century on, Siam was subject to a process of ‘ruralization’ that created the familiar peasant society that historians have projected back into the past.
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Wang (王海侠), Haixia, and Luyi Yuan (袁陆仪). "Why Good Governance Goes Wrong: Government and Village in the Supply of Public Goods in Rural China." Rural China 18, no. 2 (August 13, 2021): 192–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-12341274.
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Abstract Following the rural tax-for-fee reform and the abolition of agricultural taxes in the early 2000s, the overall supply of rural public goods has improved, but its performance is still deficient. During a field study of ecological migrants in rural Ningxia, the authors witnessed the problems encountered in the implementation of a public housing project. This episode demonstrates how the provision of rural public goods depends on rural governance that responds to the tension between modern development and the values of rural society. The failure of the project stems from the clash between the logic of peasant actions and the performance indicators of cadres, producing an internal rupture between rural society and rural governance. In the process of modernization and urbanization, grassroots government is becoming more bureaucratic and technical, with the prevalence of e-government and especially with village committees turning increasingly administrativized and beholden to superior levels of government, and thus is failing to fully embed itself in rural society.
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Ildarhanova, C. I. "Rediscovery of Social Reality of the City and the Village: Methodological Novations of the Study of Life Space Dynamics." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(39) (December 28, 2014): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-6-39-228-235.
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The world sociological thought pays more attention to the dynamics of urban-rural relations within the modernization of the living space. Their achievements are highlighted in the paper. Social problems of rural society that is changing and is being changed under the influence of development of network relations with the city are suggested to be analyzed in the context of living space of a new quality that is forming in the modern world. Sociological vision of the concept is presented on the base of international urban-rural theoretical constructs, explaining formation of a new establishing space by specifics of social capital, influence of living environment on space configuration, and historical retrospective of rural society institualization under the conditions of globalization and development of network relations. The difference between concepts 'living environment' and 'living space' is explained in the broader context of the second one. Unlike subjects it includes actors with their various ties like internet, new types of mobility of people, goods and capitals towards the city that go far and far outside local of inhabiting and are not restricted just by subjective world of place of inhabiting. Social space localization in definite living environment, according to the author's viewpoint, possesses important social and cultural value. Living space analysis is structured by differentiation of social groups based on social and cultural causality. The author brings value and cultural basis of changes in social actions of citizens of a modern village and traces the role of social and cultural environment on development of network processes in a rural territory. It is underlined how demographic resources of a rural society lead to the lost of relations that are formed on a community type rather than on a society type. Processes of urbanization of a rural area and rurbanization of the society are given in an axiological perspective. Three dimensions of sustainability of urban-rural relations are described: including economic, social and environmental spheres. The author supposes that evaluation of social capital of each of spatial communities study of social norms, values and behavioral standards will promote prognosis of the potential of modern rural-urban space as a base for institualization of new urban-rural relations. Attention has been drawn to the necessity to develop new urban-rural dichotomy and oppose not rural/urban spaces but areas, both urban and rural, that change and are being changed under the influence of introspection.
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Chikanaev, A. Sh, T. K. Muzdybaeva, and Sh Abdykarimova. "TRANSFORMATION OF RURAL AREAS AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS." Bulletin of Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Construction 83, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51488/1680-080x/2022.1-15.
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The peculiarity of the modern stage experienced by Kazakhstan is that its development and formation as a sovereign state occurs in the era of tectonic shifts in the socio-economic structure of society, the change of socio-economic system, the transition from socialist formation to the capitalist path of development. Solution of socio-economic problems associated with the need for radical changes in the development of rural areas is due to the transition to a market economy. Conducting deep agrarian reforms and radical transformations in the socio-economic structure of rural areas, the development and use of natural resources of territories, rationally placed productive forces of the country depends on the efficiency of functioning and development of the economy.
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Adam Saleh. "PERUBAHAN SOSIAL BUDAYA MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN PASCA REVOLUSI HIJAU." Moderasi: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial 1, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/moderasi.vol1.iss1.10.
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It is assumed that changes in village community will become even clearer if related to changes in village society at this time. Changes in society will look good in the fields of education, economics, social relations and other fields. Modernization is a change in society that moves from traditional conditions or from pre-modern society to modern society. The process of change was driven by various community efforts in fighting for their hopes and ideals, namely changing lives and existing livelihoods for the better. General characteristics of modernization are related to the fields of social social traditions, population science and technology and social mobility. The various fields are proceeding so as to achieve new patterns of behavior that are manifested in the life of modern society. Major changes that have taken place since the post-green revolution, villages in Southeast Asia have undergone fundamental changes. Rural life and the fulfillment of the needs of life of rural people in Southeast Asia have undergone a fundamental change, can no longer assume that the fulfillment of rural life needs are obtained from agriculture, nor can it assume that rural people face and expect their future in the field agriculture, these events affect each other or the interconnection between rural and urban areas, such as increased movement of rural people to cities or vice versa (urbanization and migration), the shift from agriculture to non-agriculture (agrarian-industrial transformation), as well as increased aspirations and education (social mobility Another thing that seems to change is lifestyle in the form of material, in this case related to household appliances, vehicles and communication tools.
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Orvis, Stephen. "Kenyan civil society: bridging the urban–rural divide?" Journal of Modern African Studies 41, no. 2 (May 20, 2003): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x03004245.
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While African civil society seemed a beacon of hope for democracy in the early 1990s, by the end of the decade many scholars had come to view it as extremely weak, lacking a domestic constituency and therefore any significant political or civic impact. Critics have been particularly concerned about urban-based ‘democracy and governance’ NGOs' limited influence on and connection with the rural majority of the citizenry. This article examines this question in Kenya, looking at four NGOs that have used civic education and paralegal programmes to establish a rural presence. Based on a survey of participants, it concludes that although the programmes are relatively new, they have begun to have a measurable impact on citizen understanding of politics, and have given the NGOs a noticeable rural presence. They have done so, however, by relying on ethnic, clan, partisan and other ‘non-civil’ networks to build supporters.
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Băncescu, Irina. "Rural - urban income gap and labour market in Romania." SHS Web of Conferences 95 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219501003.
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Rural – urban income gap is an important social-economic development indicator for a society. A large rural - urban income gap within a society reveals a split of it into two distinct societies, one extremely poor compared to the other. In Romania, almost half of the resident population lives in rural areas (46.02% in 2019), while the urban-rural migration flow is higher than the traditional reverse flow since 1997. However, the country is characterized by regional economic disparities, Bucharest-Ilfov region being the most economically developed. Labour market in rural areas is underdeveloped, rural population being highly depended on subsistence agriculture. Furthermore, rural areas have a low level of income and living standards. In this paper, we analysis the rural-urban labour market dynamics and rural-urban income gap using a LMDI (logarithmic mean Divisia index) decomposition for 2005-2019 period. Factors such as income gap effect and structural rural income effect are considered. Results show that the total urban–rural income gap has decreased with 8.91%, while structural rural income effect contributed with an increase of only 0.63%, the income gap effect (of different employed population groups) being of -9.49%.
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Nugraha, Yogaprasta Adi, and Mariana R. A. Siregar. "The Role Of Local Loan Institution In Providing Safety Net In Rural Area." JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) 2, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v2i1.813.
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Rural area cannot be separated with poverty, according to Statistics Center Board (BPS), there are 18 milions rural people live below poverty line. Rural poverty has become many focus in development studies. There is a siginificant difference between rural poverty and urban poverty. Poor society in urban area are more vulnurable compared to poor society in rural area. In rural area, poor people tends to have informal social security that helps them to survive. This research aimed to determine the role of loan institution in providing social safety net for rural poor. Qualitative method was used to help us to have a better understanding about the debt institution in rural areas. This research found that rural poor have several alternatives source of debt that enable them to survive in a vulnerable situation. Most of people tend to see for a realistic loan institution with low interest (without interest is more preferable), low risk in returning the debt and fast in providing the money.
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Vidickienė, Dalia. "Attractiveness of Rural Areas for Young, Educated Women in Post-Industrial Society." Eastern European Countryside 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eec-2017-0008.
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Abstract Most scholars of rural gender studies do not consider the essential changes in rural economy and life styles, defining rural areas as traditional and conservative. Research is still extremely fragmented into new problems facing the female population in rural areas, those arising from the changes in the lifestyle and the diversified income sources typical of post-industrial rural settlements. This article hence identifies several significant changes in economic and social life in rural areas dealing with the differences between the attractiveness of rural areas as living place for women in the industrial society of the 20th century and the post-industrial society of the 21st century. The empirical research presented here proves the relevance of post-industrial theory in a real-world environment by testing the validity of several stereotypical opinions about the motivation to live in Lithuanian rural areas from the position of young well-educated people. The analysis of the opinions of young well-educated women reveals that their motivation is rather different from the perceptions of what was important and motivating for finding good living places; these perceptions have otherwise been pointed out by many gender studies based on the industrial society framework. These findings are a call for implementation of new rural policy measures following the higher incidence of young females as rural entrepreneurs, family farm managers, professionals, and local community leaders.
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Gushchina, Tatiyana N. "OPPORTUNITIES AND RESTRICTIONS OF SOCIO-PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY IN THE COUNTRYSIDE." Pedagogy of Rural School 6, no. 4 (2020): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2686-8652-2020-4-6-40-52.
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The relevance of the research materials presented in the article is determined by the need to organize high-quality socio-pedagogical activities to form and develop students’ social competence in rural society. This type of activity in rural school as one of the main institutions of students’ socialization involves the creation of pedagogical conditions that contribute to the social adaptation, social integration and social autonomy of young people. The article considers possibilities and restrictions of sociopedagogical activity taking into account the peculiarities of students’ socialization in rural society. The results of aerobatic socio-pedagogical study of potentials and limitations of socio-pedagogical activity in rural areas are presented, which was carried out in 2020 in three educational organizations of Nekrasovsky and Yaroslavsky districts of the Yaroslavl region,. The study involved 398 respondents, including 140 two rural schools, 217 parents of students of two rural schools and pupils of one rural preschool educational organization, 41 teachers and seven leadership personnel of these educational organizations. The results of the work of four focus groups of the problem group «Modern problems of rural schoolchildren’s socialization in modern conditions and ways to solve them» of the interregional laboratory «Pedagogy in rural school» of the Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Education at Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky are presented. The interest of all categories of respondents to the problem of the development of integrated social and pedagogical activities in the countryside and the interest of students’ parents, teachers and leaders in the implementation of interaction with organizations and institutions of rural society was revealed. The study showed the «reference points for the development» of sociopedagogical activities in the countryside, updated the problem of the need for systematic coordinated socio-pedagogical activities in rural society, studying its capabilities and limitations, improving the forms and methods of organizing this type of activity (sociopedagogical complexes, coordination councils, headquarters, socio-pedagogical monitoring, etc.), as well as the need to prepare specialists for high-quality support of socio-pedagogical activities in rural society.
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DUMONT, DORA M. "RURAL SOCIETY AND CROWD ACTION IN BOLOGNA, c. 1796–c. 1831." Historical Journal 48, no. 4 (December 2005): 977–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05004887.
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Although the field of peasant and rural studies has done much to redeem the reputation of peasants in general, historians generally continue to consider the Italian rural population in the early nineteenth century largely extraneous to the story of national unification. However, police reports, court records, and chroniclers from Bologna provide descriptions of collective action that suggest a complex pattern of interaction with both local authorities and the shifting political context. While it remains true that with few exceptions rural communities had little to do with the Risorgimento directly, already during the Revolutionary and Restoration eras they engaged in collective action that reflected independent initiative in engaging with various types of authority rather than political ignorance or blind adherence to religion.
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Patterson, Amy S. "A reappraisal of democracy in civil society: evidence from rural Senegal." Journal of Modern African Studies 36, no. 3 (September 1998): 423–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x98002754.
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Civil society is the space of uncoerced human association and relational networks formed for the sake of family, faith, interests and ideology. Supporters of civil society have argued that this conglomeration of networks and organisations has helped to fuel democratic aspirations and channel democratic demands in Africa. Proponents maintain that civil society serves as a counter to the actions of the predatory African state, which seeks to limit individual freedoms and to encroach on societal resources. By questioning the actions of state officials and by challenging state policies, civil society organisations can cause the state to be more accountable and transparent, and can facilitate a positive deconcentration of political power. A plural, vibrant civil society encourages political liberalisation and the development of a democratic and legitimate state. It is because the organisations of civil society promote democratic values among their members that they are able to challenge repressive state actions and facilitate democratic development. Since their members trust each other and feel that they have a say in group activities, democratic organisations are more unified and effective at achieving their political objectives.This article challenges these assumptions about civil society through an examination of rural Senegalese organisations. I argue that groups in civil society rarely teach their members democratic values because most associations do not practice legitimate, inclusive and accountable decision making. More often than not, social hierarchies and power relations that define how individuals of different genders and classes are to interact in the public realm limit democracy. As a result, civil society groups often become ineffective and disorganised, and cannot achieve their political, economic or social goals. The inefficiency and undemocratic nature of civil society have larger implications for democratic transitions in Africa.
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Bryant, Keith, and Nicola R. Dean. "Innovation in rural workforce strategies by a national surgical society." Australasian Journal of Plastic Surgery 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.34239/ajops.v4n1.299.
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Health services exist to address the health needs of the community. But in Australia at present there are not enough detailed data to tell us to what extent, community by community, our highly regarded health system is meeting those needs. We know that demand for health care services is growing faster than the overall economy, and that we no longer have a general shortage of doctors, but most problematically there is a significant geographic maldistribution of those doctors away from rural and regional areas.iFor plastic surgery services, there is very little understanding of what the aggregate needs of rural communities are, or how these needs vary by community. We know by anecdote that there is significant inequity in plastic surgery services and that rural and regional locations often have unfilled positions and diminished services. We note that 80 per cent of specialist plastic surgeons live and work wholly within the five largest Modified Monash level 1 (MM1) Australian cities.1 Only 8.5 per cent of specialist plastic surgeons are permanently based outside those five cities. We also note that this is a more serious negative divergence than other comparable surgical specialties.While we briefly explore the basis for some ‘innovative’ solutions in this paper, we are constantly reminded that a prerequisite of any ‘solution’ should be an in-depth study of what Australian rural communities need or want in terms of plastic surgery services.
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Huang, Zhenhua. "Rural politics in transitional China: Urban–rural disparity, national integration, and grassroots democracy." International Sociology 35, no. 5 (September 2020): 494–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580920957914.
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This essay reviews three books by Xu Yong that examine three critical historical processes of political transformation in rural China: the politicization of society due to urban–rural disparity, the government’s efforts to encourage political integration in rural areas, and the development of rural grassroots democracy. Urban–rural disparity has been a structural characteristic of China’s politicized society since the establishment of the monarchy. The analysis of this inequality focuses on uncovering grassroots society (as opposed to Chinese society’s upper echelons) and examining its evolutionary logic. Since 1949, China has faced the historical task of building a modern state. The government aggressively entered the countryside through large-scale political mobilization and social integration with the Chinese Communist Party as the driving force. The goal was to create a strongly integrated communist nation. Since the 1980s, the Chinese countryside has not only experienced economic liberalization but also received an opportunity for political democratization through the creation and practice of village autonomy. Self-government in autonomous villages has provided Chinese peasants with a wide range of democratic rights. In addition, calls for transformation and promotion of the democratic paradigm have increased. Xu’s three books effectively present many critical aspects of China’s rural political transformations. However, questions remain concerning the consistency of the theory and the accuracy of the analysis, which leaves room for further research and discussion.
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Afanasyev, A. A. "Rural World as a Type of Legal Life of Society." Siberian Law Review 19, no. 3 (July 26, 2022): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19073/2658-7602-2022-19-3-222-232.
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The legal life of society as an object of legal knowledge can have various invariants (species, forms), which are complex self-developing systems with constantly changing quantitative and qualitative characteristics as they evolve (in time, space, and more). When they interact, there is a permanent change in the most integral object, which goes into more and more new phases. This type of integral object is the legal life of the rural world (rural life), covering the entire range of material and spiritual legal phenomena that arise when solving the tasks of state policy for the development of rural areas in order to improve the quality of life of the population, ensure national security and sovereignty of Russia. In this study, the subject of legal knowledge of the legal life of the village is formulated ideas, principles, legal relations (power, economic, environ-mental and other spheres of activity of the subjects), legal norms and other elements that collectively represent the foundations of the law of the rural world. The legal basis of rural life as a self-developing political and legal phenomenon is an effective tool for improving national positive law. The study of the foundations of the law of the rural world through a more detailed study of significant signs of its structural elements through the synthesis of methods, methods and processes of scientific knowledge allows you to objectively supplement the conceptual range of legal science.
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BURCHARDT, JEREMY. "State and Society in the English Countryside: The Rural Community Movement 1918–39." Rural History 23, no. 1 (March 6, 2012): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793311000161.
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AbstractThis paper assesses the relationship between state and society in interwar rural England, focusing on the hitherto neglected role of the Rural Community Councils. The rise of statutory social provision in the early twentieth century created new challenges and opportunities for voluntarism, and the rural community movement was in part a response to this. The paper examines the early development of the movement, arguing that a crucial role was played by a close-knit group of academics and local government officials. While largely eschewing party politics, they shared a commitment to citizenship, democracy and the promotion of rural culture. Many of them had been close associates of Sir Horace Plunkett. The Rural Community Councils engaged in a wide range of activities, including advisory work, adult education, local history, village hall provision, support for rural industries and an ambivalent engagement with parish councils. The paper concludes with an assessment of the achievements of the rural community movement, arguing that it was constrained by its financial dependence on voluntary contributions.
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Mueller, J. Tom. "The Dual Dependency of Natural-Resource-Rich Labor Markets in Contemporary Society." Sociological Theory 39, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07352751211001920.
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This article presents an integrative theoretical framework of subnational natural resource dependence. I argue that rural natural resource dependence represents a special case of the core-periphery relationship, where rural, resource-rich labor markets form a dual dependency on both the global capitalist economy and the local natural environment. This occurs because the contradiction between spatially fixed natural resources and the mobility of capital prompts both external interests and local power elites to use their power to pressure rural labor markets in directions outside their best interest and to exploit rural labor. I argue that both extractive (e.g., mining, timber, agriculture) and nonextractive (e.g., tourism, real estate) forms of natural resource development share this contradiction. Although pushing different uses of the resource base, extractive and nonextractive development do not fundamentally vary in their exploitative relationship with rural labor markets.
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FARKAS, Tibor, Dóra KOLTA, and Dorsaaf MAAYOUFI. "The Community Factor of the Rural Development." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 78, no. 1 (May 14, 2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2020.0052.
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In the study local society and the development possibility of Tomești (Csíkszenttamás) were analysed. The village has been studied primarily in terms of development. One of the most important research questions was (and remains) how local society is fit to engage in rural or local development and what social problems hinder the development. The village camp research included questionnaire surveys, interviews and analysis of photographs, local and official statistical data. With help of the development stories, we try to draw general conclusions about the functioning of endogenous resources and social capital, too. It was demonstrated, that the strong community participation and social capital could compensate the inherited disadvantage and contribute to development. The local conflicts, tensions, party interests could undermine the best development possibilities. We concluded that without a strong local society, the local development initiatives could fail.
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Chandrashekara, Y. P. "Co-Operative societies and women empowerment in rural provinces." Geo Eye 8, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53989/bu.ge.v8i1.9.
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Empowerment of women is a new ideology for carrying democratic values into the family and society. Empowerment of women means equal status to women. Women and children, equal ownership of productive resources, increase participation in economic and commercial sections, awareness of their rights and responsibilities. Rural women suffer the curse of being both socially and economically ‘invisible’. The civil society organizations work towards making them visible in these areas. Among these organizations, one with an open membership and democratic control, i.e., a cooperative organization will be more effective than other organizations working for the promotion of social and economic development. A dairy cooperative is one such civil society organization which aims at improving the rural people. Dairying has been an agriculture allied sector and indoor economic activity for women living in rural areas. It gives mass employment and thereby helps to promote economic development of the rural masses. Rural landless, small and marginal agricultural farmers and women are involved in the process of milk production. Dairy cooperatives, as workers level socio-economic organizations, have been working for the strengthening of the rural masses. In this context, the present study aims at examining the Social Change and Economic Development of Rural Women through Dairy Cooperatives. The purpose of the study specifies that the socio- and economic background, awareness of dairy cooperatives and participation of rural women members in dairy cooperatives have helped them achieve social change and economic development. Keywords: Women empowerment; Dairy cooperatives; employment and development
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Tripathi, R. C., and Sunit Singh. "Psychosocial Pathways Towards a Sustainable Society." Psychology and Developing Societies 29, no. 2 (September 2017): 200–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971333617721761.
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This article focuses on a social intervention effort that has been going on for about 15 years to free a group of people who have been under debt bondage in rural India. They have worked as members of self-help groups (SHGs) and now are members of a producers’ company devoted to the cause of organic farming. The article investigates the role that is played by greed, altruism and social capital in sustainability perceptions of such villagers who only recently got exposed to the ways of an aspirational society. We found that greed and altruism played very little part in predicting sustainability perceptions, but social capital was a major predictor. While bonding social capital enhanced sustainability perception, bridging social capital reduced it. The results are understood in the overall social context of the Indian rural society and the social processes that unfolded during this intervention.
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Mahmuda, Sayda, Md Majnur Rashid, and Zubaidur Rahman. "An Assessment of Cultural Changes in Rural Society in Gopalganj District of Bangladesh." American Journal of Arts and Human Science 1, no. 3 (August 28, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajahs.v1i3.454.
Full textAbstract:
The study was undertaken to assess the extent and pattern of cultural change in Gopalganj district of Bangladesh. To this end, primary data were collected from the rural people from Gopalganj Sadar, Tungipara and Kotalipara upazila of Gopalganj district. A multistage sampling technique was used in selecting the respondent. Five-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the attitudes of the rural people towards cultural changes in the study area. Descriptive statistics, tabular as well as graphical techniques were used in analyzing the data. Result found from the descriptive statistics indicates that majority of the respondents were within the age group of 31-40 years whereas 21% respondents fall within the age category of 51-60 years. In regards to educational background, it is found that majority of the respondents completed their primary education and 17% respondents completed higher secondary education. Regarding the occupational status of the respondents, it is seen that 39% were involved with crop production whereas 16% were livestock farming. The empirical results show that 34% rural people strongly agree and 47% agree with the idea that there is a recreational change in rural society. In terms of the food habit changes, it is observed that 24% of the respondents strongly agree that the pattern of food habit has changed in rural society whereas 3% strongly disagree in this regard. Findings of the study show that 43% of the respondents agree that there is an occupational change in the rural society, and 11% were strongly agree with the statement. With respect to the changes in the communication pattern in rural society, the present study shows that 23% of the rural people agree and 59% strongly agree with the view that communication pattern has changed in the rural society. In the past, Jatra pala, radio and puthi path were the dominant source of recreation whereas facebook, you tube, mobile phone and colour television are found as the main source of recreation at present. In regards to the occupational pattern of the respondents, it is found that crop production and paid labour were the principal occupation of rural people in the past whereas at present mobile and servicing related business, computer and accessories related business, fast food business, poultry farming, internet outsourcing related occupation is found as dominant.
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Nweke, Anselem C. "Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria, Implication on the Development of the Society: Anambra State as the Focus of the Study." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, no. 2 (June 11, 2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i2.14912.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the implication of rural- urban migration on Nigeria Society using Anambra state as focus of the study. Cities have been growing both through natural increase and through stampede from rural areas in Nigeria. People migrate to urban areas based on the prevailing conditions they fund themselves and the reasons for the migration vary from one individual to another depending on the situation that informs the decision to migrate. In most rural areas, the effect of rural-urban migration was a rapid deterioration of the rural economy leading to poverty and food scarcity. The cause of the phenomenon has been described as the push factors in the rural areas and the pull factors in the urban areas. The objective of this paper is to identify the implication of rural-urban migration on Nigeria society. It is a survey research. Thus, 1200 questionnaire were distributed among the selected local governments in Anambra State. The analysis was run using Runs test and mode analysis. The result of the analysis found the effect of people migrating from rural areas to urban centres on the society to include: increase in prostitution in the urban centres; increase in squalor settlement in the urban centres; and people are doing all sorts of odd jobs in order to survive in urban centres. The paper therefore recommends that the government should make and implement a policy on provision of functional social amenities such as electricity, pipe borne water etc. in the rural areas. Good schools and qualified teachers should be made available in the rural areas and establishment of industries in both rural and urban areas that will to an extent accommodate unemployed youths.
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Jadhav, Neeta, Ulka Yadav, and Nishchhal Yadav. "REDUCTION OF RURAL POVERTY THROUGH SERICULTURE IN SPECIAL REFRENCE OF RURAL WOMEN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3144.
Full textAbstract:
The contribution of rural women in sericulture in since ages, particularly in some of the critical areas is more of result of her innate attachment with the process of producing the best-the Queen of Textiles- and had been unarguably more than a cliché. We ought to learn from the past experiences that suggest devising a frame work of equitable and sustainable development of her participation on a consistent basis. Keeping in view the involvement of rural women in sericulture and silk industry, their present status in society and need for their empowerment, strategies to be incorporated in the various developmental initiatives are suggested.