Academic literature on the topic 'Rural Thai society'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rural Thai society"
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Jaiser, Gerhard. "Tense Harmony: Thai Cinema and Popular Music." Plaridel 15, no. 1 (June 2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52518/2018.15.1-04jaiser.
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This paper follows the development of the special connection between Thai cinema and Thai popular music from the 1920s onward. The main argument is that the two dominant musical styles of luk krung and luk thung have become representative of different social groups within Thailand and that this diversification can also be found in Thai cinema. Luk thung, identified with the rural poor, was mostly rejected by producers and audience during the 1950s and 1960s. Only from the 1970s onward did a cinematic style that represented this sector of Thai society and culture develop. In this sense, one can view Thai cinema as an archive of Thai popular music.
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Amekawa, Yuichiro. "Contemporary Quests and Struggles of Small-Scale Family Farms toward Sustainable Agriculture in Thailand." Asian Social Science 12, no. 5 (April 19, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n5p1.
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<p>One of the pillars of Thai Studies is to examine Thai rural society and culture, especially that of small-scale farmers who comprise the majority of rural agriculturalists in Thailand. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the characteristics and challenges of contemporary Thai rural society through elucidating the pursuit and struggles of small-scale family farms toward ‘sustainable agriculture’ in the context of deepening social and environmental challenges associated with modern industrial agriculture. For this objective, an overview is presented with regard to the characteristics of small-scale family agriculture in Thailand, followed by accounts of the contemporary circumstances of integrated farming, organic farming, and public good agricultural practices in which small-scale family farms have been involved.</p>
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Prayukvong, Wanna, Nara Huttasin, and Morris John Foster. "Buddhist economics meets agritourism on the Thai farm." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-08-2014-0065.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that both leisure and sustainability objectives can be achieved via Buddhist economics informed agritourism. Buddhist economics differs significantly from mainstream (neoclassical) economics in its ontological underpinning. This means that assumptions about human nature are different: the core values of mainstream economics are self-interest and competition in the pursuit of maximum welfare or utility; while in Buddhist economics, “self” includes oneself, society and nature, which are all simultaneously interconnected. The core values of Buddhist economics are compassion and collaboration through which well-being is achieved, leading to higher wisdom (pañña). Because of this, the interconnectedness of activities and relationships, even those not initially obviously so linked, is crucial. Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical argument is illustrated by a pilot study of an agritourism, package tour to visit the properties of Thai farmers involved with a project known as “running a one rai farm to gain a one hundred thousand baht return”. The research is exploratory in character. Findings – A result of this study is to reveal agritourism as a significant market channel to promote sustainable agriculture. Originality/value – Agritourism can be considered an instrument for rural development with its contribution to positive economic impacts, providing economic opportunities to sustain financial security for the farming family, maintaining viability of the agricultural sector and local communities and creating jobs for rural residents together with sustainable agriculture.
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Boonkhachorn, Trisilpa. "Changes in Thai Rural Society: A Literary Perspective in the Development of Lao Khamhom’s Literary Works." MANUSYA 6, no. 3 (2003): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00603005.
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Thabchumpon, Naruemon. "Grassroot NGOs and Political Reform in Thailand: Democracy behind Civil Society." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 13 (March 10, 1998): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v13i1.2164.
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This article argues that behind the concept of civil society is a
real opportunity for populist forces to drive democracy forward.
In Thailand, the participatory role of non-governmental
organisations, particularly at grassroots level, is very important.
By advocating people's participation and empowerment,
grassroots NGOs may be in a position to expand
notions of democracy, from mere parliamentarism to genuine
participatory democracy. In the Thai case, however, success
will depend upon whether the grassroots non-governmental
organisations (GNGOs) are able to establish a linkage
between 'elite-urban' and 'rural-popular' elements in Thai
civil society. The key question is whether these organisations
are able to democratise Thai civil society and create an
enhanced form of participatory democracy.
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Delcore, Henry D. "Symbolic Politics or Generification ? The Ambivalent Implications of Tree Ordinations in the Thai Environmental Movement." Journal of Political Ecology 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v11i1.21656.
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Since the early 1990s, tree ordinations have become an important practice for some Thai environmental activists who seek greater legitimacy for local management and use of natural resources. This paper, explores the political and cultural effects of tree ordinations by applying the concepts of “cultural objectification” and “cultural generification. It argues that recent uses of tree ordinations depend on a process of cultural objectification, facilitating the generification of the ritual and its various components as an example of the larger category of “local wisdom.” Significant forms of power difference are implicated in the process. Middle class NGO activists largely controlled the practice and representation of the ritual and its symbols, and tended to objectify and simplify the values and practices of rural people. The tree ordinations of 1996-1997, dedicated to King Rama IX, had the further effect of symbolically bolstering the hierarchical structure of the Thai state and Thai society as a whole – a structure in which local leaders and middle class NGO activists exercise power as arbiters of “good” and “bad” culture among rural people. These are the ambiguous implications to which the title of this article refers: a process of objectification and generification and its place in the reproduction of a hierarchical political and cultural order, together with some decidedly positive outcomes of tree ordinations for the conservation and control of natural resources by rural people.Key words: Thailand, environmental activism, social hierarchy, power, cultural objectification.
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Choenkwan, Sukanlaya, and Micah R. Fisher. "Introduction to the special section: Agrarian transformation in Thailand - Commodities, landscapes, and livelihoods." Forest and Society 2, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v2i2.5356.
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This is an introduction and review for a special section on agrarian transformation in Thailand. The article seeks to guide greater attention toward issues affecting rural Thai landscapes and livelihoods. Through the examination of specific commodities across various geographies, the paper seeks to refocus research towards decision making processes among rural communities. The research draws on field study cases that follow various aspects of particular commodities, including rubber, pomelo, tomato, cassava, and furthermore, incorporates complementary research in Forest and Society on coffee, ginger, jujube, and agrotourism in Thailand. Through the factors shaping engagement with these agricultural commodities, we examine issues including labor, soil fertility, contract farming arrangements, drought resistant crops, climate change, and others. In this way we seek to draw attention to the complex dynamics taking place on the Thai rural landscape and the factors that are reshaping land relations. Through initiating a research network on similar research approaches we identify and envision broader opportunities for helping to re-imagine future possibility in rural Thailand.
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Watarachanakool, Pornvipa. "Science, Technology and the Supernatural in Contemporary Thai Novels." MANUSYA 9, no. 1 (2006): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00901004.
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As science and technology gain a high reputation and perform an increasingly dominant role in the present globalized era, old knowledge and wisdom, especially local forms, are fast disappearing. Will this trend necessarily bring about a brighter future for the whole world? Are science and technology trustworthy enough and safe enough for human beings to rely on without the other, dated, form of knowledge? These questions comprise the main interest of this paper, which endeavors to search for ideas, practices, and, also, expectations about the stated issues from Thai contemporary novels, in order to examine whether or not there is such a trend in Thai society, and what is the explanation. From literary and cultural anthropological perspectives, the findings seem to reflect that the Thai urban population are well aware of the increasing significance of science and technology and welcome them with enthusiasm. However, for the majority of the rural citizens, the information found presents a rather active role of local cultures and religion, which are closely related to beliefs in the supernatural. This paper is attempts to present some insight into this important issue.
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Chattharakul, Anyarat. "Thai Electoral Campaigning: Vote-Canvassing Networks and Hybrid Voting." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 29, no. 4 (December 2010): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341002900404.
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Based on evidence gathered through participant observation, this article illuminates the nature of vote-canvassing, previously a black box in Thai electoral studies. Offering a close-up study of the internal mechanisms of an individual Thai election campaign, this article reveals that vote-canvasser networks are underpinned by long-term dyadic relationships, both hierarchical and horizontal, between the candidate, vote-canvassers and voters. These networks continue to be the most important factor in winning elections. This article documents how candidates draw up an election campaign map and identify voters along residential lines to maximise their vote-canvassing strategy. The findings of this article challenge Anek's 1996 concept of “two democracies”, which argues that rural voters are influenced by money, local leaders, political factions and corrupt politicians while more well-educated, urban, middle-class voters are more oriented toward the alternative policies offered by competing parties. The case study of Kom's election campaign showed that the role of the much-vaunted middle-class voters is not decisive, even in suburban areas of Bangkok. While political marketing has grown in importance in Thai elections, it has not displaced traditional electoral practices. Thai society is, in fact, deeply fragmented and diverse – too complex to be divided in such a simplistic manner. This article suggests that rather than undergoing a linear transformation, political hybridisation is a key trend in Thai election campaigns.
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Dayley, Robert, and Attachak Sattayanurak. "Thailand's last peasant." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 47, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 42–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463415000478.
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Does Thailand still have peasants? Does it still have a peasant society? How dynamic are Thailand's chaona? To answer these questions we begin with an interview of a septuagenarian farmer who discusses rural change over his lifetime and provocatively claims he is ‘the last peasant’ of his village. We use this rural anecdote as a catalyst to highlight agrarian change in Thailand and to expose the hazards of employing static concepts to describe contemporary rural political economy. By analysing the use and meanings of the term ‘peasant’ and its Thai equivalents, we demonstrate how static concepts obscure Thailand's rural evolution and contribute to misleading assumptions, harmful agrarian myths, and extant political cleavage.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rural Thai society"
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Quinn, Rapin, and rapin quinn@dest gov au. "NGOs, Peasants and the State: Transformation and Intervention in Rural Thailand, 1970-1990." The Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, 1997. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060227.084102.
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Abstract
This study examines people-centred Thai NGOs trying to help peasants empower themselves in order to compete better in conflicts over land, water, forest, and capital, during the 1970s to 1990s. The study investigates how the NGOs contested asymmetric power relations among government officials, private entrepreneurs and ordinary people while helping raise the peoples confidence in their own power to negotiate their demands with other actors.¶
The thesis argues that the NGOs are able to play an interventionist role when a number of key factors coexist. First, the NGOs are able to understand local situations, which contain asymmetric power relations between different actors, in relation to current changes in the wider context of the Thai political economy and seize the time to take action. Secondly, the NGOs are able to articulate a social meaning beyond the dominating rhetoric of the state and the capitalists which encourages the peoples participation in collective activities. Thirdly, while dealing with one problem in social relations and negotiation with local environment, the NGOs are able to recognise new problems as they arise and rapidly identify a new political space for the actors to renegotiate their conflicting interests and demands. Fourthly, the NGOs are able to recreate new meanings, new actors and reform their organisations and networks to deal with new situations. Finally, the NGOs are able to effectively use three pillars of their movement, namely individuals, organisations and networks to deal with everyday politics and collective protest.¶
The case studies in three villages in Northern Thailand reveal that the NGOs were able to play an interventionist role in specific situations through their alternative development strategies somewhat influenced by structural Marxism. The thesis recommends that the NGO interventionist role be continued so as to overcome tensions within the NGO community, for instance, between the NGOs working at the grass-roots level and the NGOs working at regional and national levels (including NGO funding agencies); local everyday conflicts; and the bipolar views of a society among the NGOs expressed in dichotomous thinking between rural and urban, community and state, conflict and order, actor and system.¶
The fragmentation of NGO social and environmental movements showed that there is no single formula or easy solution to the problems. If the NGOs want to continue their interventionist role to help empower ordinary people and help them gain access to productive resources, they must move beyond their bipolar views of a society to discover the middle ground to search for new meanings, new actors, new issues and to create again and again counter-hegemony movements. This could be done by having abstract development theories assessed and enriched by concrete development practices and vice versa. Both theorists and practitioners need to use their own imagination to invent and reinvent what and how best to continue.
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Quinn, Rapin. "NGOs, Peasants and the State: Transformation and Intervention in Rural Thailand, 1970-1990." Phd thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/48019.
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This study examines people-centred Thai NGOs trying to help peasants empower themselves in order to compete better in conflicts over land, water, forest, and capital, during the 1970s to 1990s. The study investigates how the NGOs contested asymmetric power relations among government officials, private entrepreneurs and ordinary people while helping raise the people’s confidence in their own power to negotiate their demands with other actors.¶ The thesis argues that the NGOs are able to play an interventionist role when a number of key factors coexist. ...
Books on the topic "Rural Thai society"
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Tīwakun, Bunnāk. Chonnabot Thai: Kānphatthanā sū prachāsangkhom. [Bangkok]: Khana Sưksāsāt, Mahāwitthayālai Sinlapākō̜n, 2001.
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Hidalgo, Javiera Jaque, and Miguel A. Valerio. Indigenous and Black Confraternities in Colonial Latin America. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721547.
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Employing a transregional and interdisciplinary approach, this volume explores indigenous and black confraternities –or lay Catholic brotherhoods– founded in colonial Spanish America and Brazil between the sixteenth and eighteenth century. It presents a varied group of cases of religious confraternities founded by subaltern subjects, both in rural and urban spaces of colonial Latin America, to understand the dynamics and relations between the peripheral and central areas of colonial society, underlying the ways in which colonialized subjects navigated the colonial domain with forms of social organization and cultural and religious practices. The book analyzes indigenous and black confraternal cultural practices as forms of negotiation and resistance shaped by local devotional identities that also transgressed imperial religious and racial hierarchies. The analysis of these practices explores the intersections between ethnic identity and ritual devotion, as well as how the establishment of black and indigenous religious confraternities carried the potential to subvert colonial discourse.
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Yaemklinfung, Prasert, ed. Sangkhom chonnabot Thai =: Rural Thai society. [Bangkok]: Khrongkān Kānsưksā Thūapai, Fāi Wichākān, læ Khana Ratthasāt, Čhulālongkō̜n Mahāwitthayālai, 1986.
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Yoshihide, Sakurai, Somsak Sīsantisuk, and Mahāwitthayālai Khǭn Kǣn, eds. Regional development in Northeast Thailand and the formation of Thai civil society. Khon Kaen: Khon Kaen University, 2003.
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McDougal, Topher L. Interstitial Economies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792598.003.0008.
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The first conclusion chapter draws out the implications of Chapter 7 more fully, putting them in comparative perspective with the lessons drawn from the West African cases. In particular, it draws an explicit link between transportation networks (the “hardware” of rural–urban trade) and the social systems that inform trade relations (the “software”). This chapter argues that ranked-society trade networks may be better able to exploit redundant transportation networks, since there is no taboo against long-distance trade amongst second-tier cities. By contrast, the radial trade networks that formed in the unranked society of West Africa seem to exacerbate monopsonistic and monopolistic relationships between rural and urban areas, since interethnic trade becomes more risky. It concludes with implications for managing coercive violence, as well as the effects of the rural–urban divide on state identity.
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Chan, Emily Ying Yang. Special topics in rural health II. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807179.003.0009.
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This chapter looks into another three emerging areas in rural health, namely, border towns, plantation, and nomadic pastoralists. The health status of general population may not be able to fully reflect the health problems of the border towns. As border towns offer work opportunities which may take people across the border, their socioeconomic prospective and health may be affected by the working environments and conditions of another country. In many cases, the population that has settled in the border area is composed of ethnic minorities and tends to be marginalized and neglected by the larger society. Specific issues for individual countries are included and discussed in textbox format.
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Marat, Erica. Rural Violence and Expansion of Policing in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190861490.003.0008.
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This chapter on transformative violence in rural parts of Kazakhstan and Tajikistan argues that unlike more democratic countries with diverse civil society, authoritarian states quickly move to suppress a dissenting community. Both countries upgraded policing in rural areas to improve intelligence gathering on the local population in order to predict the rise of any antigovernment activities. While doing that, however, leaders of both countries sought to frame their actions as an inclusive process that was sensitive to the grievances of the affected populations and sensitive to the voices of civil society. As a result, however, authoritarianism deepened in the aftermath of incidents of transformative violence.
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Coen, Lisa. Urban and Rural Theatre Cultures. Edited by Nicholas Grene and Chris Morash. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198706137.013.20.
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By the 1950s, distinct strands of rural and urban Irish theatre were prompted by the clash of traditional mores with major social and political changes in Ireland. Three playwrights, M. J. Molloy, John B. Keane, and Hugh Leonard, came to represent the rural and urban sensibility of theatre at that time. All three were interested in how traditional Irish values and practices fitted in with the Ireland emerging around them. The ways in which the three playwrights reacted to an urbanizing, modernizing culture illustrates how the theatre of their generation was conditioned by a national perspective that was failing to assimilate profound societal change. Molloy, essentially conservative, promoted ideas of self-sacrifice, while Keane implicitly endorsed a liberal humanist protest against repression. Hugh Leonard’s satires on suburbia wrote out rural Ireland as a thing of the past, although he retained some vestiges of the country kitchen play in his work.
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Filtzer, Don. Privilege and Inequality in Communist Society. Edited by Stephen A. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.029.
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Like capitalist societies, the Soviet Union and the Soviet-type societies of Eastern Europe showed a high degree of social stratification and inequality. By the 1960s the rapid upward mobility of worker and peasant children in the intelligentsia and Party hierarchy had noticeably slowed, and an inherited class structure emerged. Because privileges in the Soviet Union were only weakly monetarized, and wealth could not be accumulated or inherited, privileged groups perpetuated themselves mainly through the use of internal ‘connections’ and by ensuring their offspring preferential access to higher education through which they would secure elite positions. We also see important differentiations within the workforce: urban vs. rural workers; ‘core’ workers vs. migrants; and men vs. women. China prior to the reform movement displayed a similar overall picture, with, however, some radical differences. Under Mao the gap in living standards between Party officials and ordinary workers was much more narrow than in the USSR, while the Cultural Revolution blunted attempts to ensure the reproduction of social stratification via access to higher education.
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Sanborn, Joshua. Soldiers and Civilians, 1914–1917. Edited by Simon Dixon. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199236701.013.020.
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The Great War so utterly transformed Russian society that the shift from a ‘sedimentary society’ (Alfred Rieber) to a ‘quicksand society’ (Moshe Lewin) was already well underway before either the October or the Stalin Revolutions. This chapter explores the disruptive effects between 1914 and 1917 of mass migrations, of a transfiguration of the ethnic order of the Empire, and of the dislocation of the imperial economy, including a major move away from a market system and the realignment of labour and authority in urban and rural areas alike. Among the most important social consequences of these developments was the emergence of an unstable mixture of refugees, soldiers and soldiers’ wives who together formed the wounded society of victims that emerged from the war years.
Book chapters on the topic "Rural Thai society"
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Sirijit, Sunanta. "Gendered Nation and Classed Modernity: The Perceptions of Mia Farang (Foreigners’ Wives) in Thai Society." In Cleavage, Connection and Conflict in Rural, Urban and Contemporary Asia, 183–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5482-9_11.
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Ochiai, Mototsugu. "Rural Development in Japan." In Sustainable Development Disciplines for Society, 33–44. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5145-9_3.
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AbstractIn this chapter, I will give an overview of the development of rural areas in Japan and then refer to the problems that they currently face, such as the weakening of the community, deterioration of the management function of the local environment, deterioration of the function of agricultural producers, damage caused by wildlife birds and beasts, and response to climate change and disasters. Thereafter, I shall discuss the rebuilding of communities through exchanges with cities, establishing next-generation agriculture by utilizing information and communication technology (ICT), developing renewable energy by utilizing local resources, and establishing new connections that complement each other’s roles within the region, as necessary, for sustainable rural development in the future. Hence, this chapter is related to all 17 goals because it describes the sustainable development of rural areas and, in particular, contributes to the “Sustainable Cities and Communities” of SDG 11.
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Suarsana, Laura. "Specialists for Crumble Cakes? The German LandFrauen Organizations in Social Innovation, and as Educational, Social, and Political Institutions." In Knowledge and Civil Society, 77–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71147-4_5.
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AbstractThis chapter presents empirical results on the German LandFrauen clubs and associations as contemporary elements of German civil society from the conceptual perspective of social innovation, as an approach which is expected to hold high potential particularly for rural areas. The analysis shows that the German LandFrauen clubs and associations are highly engaged in initiating change and development in rural Germany by uniquely addressing women’s needs through social, cultural, and educational offers. Here, the members’ social interactions function as a basis and starting point for further activities providing impulses in local development.As prerequisites that enable the LandFrauen to pursue their activities, two key characteristics were identified: (1) Their practices are integrated into specific local fields and highly adaptive to local needs and interests through the deep integration of the large and diverse base of members in their local villages and rural society, which allows for functions as local initiators, catalysts, and multipliers in regional development. (2) The institutional frame of clubs and associations allows for support, cooperation, and exchange across the vertical and horizontal structure, and provides access to resources and a broad network to external partners.
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Hossfeld, Leslie H., E. Brooke Kelly, Amanda Smith, and Julia F. Waity. "Toward Economies That Won’t Leave: Utilizing a Community Food Systems Model to Develop Multisector Sustainable Economies in Rural Southeastern North Carolina." In A Place-Based Perspective of Food in Society, 241–66. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137408372_13.
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Forsberg, Anette. "Rural Community Development in Sweden: From Challenging to Mainstream?" In Palgrave Studies in Third Sector Research, 121–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99007-7_5.
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AbstractThis chapter describes and reflects on the Swedish rural/village movement that began in the late 1980s. The analysis accounts for rural politics, different concepts, and areas of expression within the rural movement, such as social economy. The results demonstrate that what was initially a protest movement highlighting rural perspectives and introducing new, locally based forms of governance has transformed into an EU mainstream agenda. In addition, a broad societal approach has been replaced with a narrower, enterprising point of view in which enterprising concepts are used to explain and legitimize local rural action as a whole. These transformative trends tend to render invisible the perspectives and values of ruralness once envisioned by local development groups and to obscure the village movement itself.
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Gemma, Masahiko. "Global Food Security, and Economic and Agricultural Development." In Sustainable Development Disciplines for Society, 221–29. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5145-9_13.
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AbstractThis chapter aims to present factors affecting global fooddemandand supply conditions and to find potential solutions to global food security problems. First, the factors determining the supply and demand conditions of food are detailed in relation to the linkages among food, agriculture, and rural development. Second, Japan's success in securing food in the early stage of economic growth as a developing country is presented as example. Discussions on supplyand demand determinants in the first part are needed to understand the reasons for success in achieving Japan’s food security objectives. Policy implications are derived for developing countries that struggle to ensure global food security. Reading this chapter will assist the readers in discussing potential solutions to global food security problems. Climate change issues are also discussed in relation to global food and energy security. We examine the effectiveness of crop-based energy production and potential conflicts with food production using examples from Japan and the United States of America.
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Lambrecht, Thijs, and Wouter Ryckbosch. "Economic inequality in the rural Southern Low Countries during the Fifteenth century: sources, data and reflection." In Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effect, 205–29. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-053-5.16.
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This chapter seeks to explore local and regional variation in levels of inequality in different types of rural localities and regions within the late medieval County of Flanders. Our research indicates that fiscal sources for the County of Flanders can produce reliable data on the distribution of income during the late medieval period. The analysis of these data shows that important local and regional differences can be observed in the distribution of rural income. To a large extent, these local variations can be explained by differences in access to local economic resources. Our results, however, also indicate that substantial regional differences in access to rural resources can produce similar income distributions.
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Kurokawa, Satoshi. "Ecology and Sustainable Development in Japan." In Sustainable Development Disciplines for Society, 77–88. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5145-9_5.
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AbstractThis chapter fits Goal 15 of the SDGs and analyzes the protection and sustainable use of territorial ecosystems in Japan, focusing on sustainable agricultureand forestry. The beautiful natural landscape and pristine nature in Japan are protected in nature parks. After the Earth Summit in 1992, the government committed to protecting socio-ecological landscapes referred to as “satoyama.” They include farmland, pastureland, and forests for logging. They are deteriorating because the population of farmers and forestry workers is declining and aging. The Natural Parks Act introduced a scheme to ensure that environmental NGOs maintain these areas on behalf of the farmers and forest workers. Modernization of agriculture has caused the loss of biodiversity in farmlands. Restoration projects have been implemented to restore biodiversity in rural areas. To reduce farmland abandonment, the government grants subsidies to help encourage eco-friendly agriculture. The government is encouraging active farmers to scale-up agricultural management to be competitive in the marketplace. Solar sharing is one way to help farmers. Ecologically sustainable development is thus interwoven with social and economic factors.
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Keyes, Charles F. "The Thai Economy and Change in Rural and Urban Society." In Thailand, 151–77. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429308710-8.
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"Society." In More than Rural, 90–117. University of Hawaii Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv7r436w.11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Rural Thai society"
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GUSTA, Sandra. "TRAGEDY IN ZOLITUDE – A LESSON FOR CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.017.
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Our modern society insists on the countryside reaching into the city. To make the urban environment more beautiful we make green roofs and improve the backyards by designing children’s playgrounds and organizing recreational zones. We create a sustainable environment for future generations to have a comfortable life. However, one must not forget that the attractive green roofs of buildings are serious engineered structures. First and foremost the safety issues have to be taken into consideration during the construction and operation stages. On November 21, 2013 Maxima shopping center’s roof collapsed in Riga, Latvia causing 54 deaths and creating international news. The collapse of the supermarket in the Latvian capital Riga has been described as "murder", by the country's president Andris Berzins. It is the deadliest disaster in Latvia since it regained independence in 1991. The causes of the collapse need to be studied in detail. This report is the authors’ independent attempt to find the cause based on photographic evidence and literature observes. This article is based on a study conducted by the students and teachers of Latvia University of Agriculture. The article provides the reasons for this tragedy basing on the analysis. The author considers that the tragedy was the result of the coincidence of circumstances caused by mistakes in the calculation of building structures.
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Antonova, N. I. "STRUCTURE OF INSTITUTIONS THAT DETERMINE THE FUNCTIONING OF THE RURAL TERRITORY AS A SYSTEM." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.356-360.
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The article presents a structured system of institutions that contribute to the implementation of national functions by rural territories. Institutions make up the canvas, the basis for interaction between individuals, and reduce uncertainty in choosing alternatives for activities. They affect all spheres of life of society and individuals. The introduction of new institutions, and even more alien to the existing matrix of socio-economic behavior of society, is fraught with negative consequences
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RIVERA, Maria, Alina SEEBACHER, and José Maria DIAZ PUENTE. "RURAL ECONOMY: A GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.083.
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In the political system and in public perception, the well-functioning of economy is frequently equalled to the output of the national economy–that is, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, during the last decades, this narrow conception of economic prosperity started to erode. This paper describes the scientific discussion surrounding the topic of “economy” in rural places, with the objective of exploring who is setting the agenda and which themes are prevalent. We examine 102 journal papers published during the last decade and design a methodological frame based on Nvivo10 software which combines quantitative analysis of geographical attributes (geographical location; journal’s precedence; author’s institution) and qualitative content analysis of the selected articles. Our results put forward that “rural economy” is conceptually linked to different societal spheres in areas such as development and progress, society and community, resources and sustainability. However, it is authors coming from developed countries the ones that mainly treat this issue and base their studies mainly on developing countries. Therefore it can be concluded that scientific discourse around rural economy deals with issues of interest to developed countries, but that it has, however, started to get linked to social and environmental aspects, and it is through achieving a balance between them that rural prosperity will be achieved.
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URBANS, Mihails, Jeļena MALAHOVA, and Jānis IEVIŅŠ. "CIVIL DEFENSE SYSTEM IN LATVIA AND IDENTIFIED DRAWBACKS IN RIGA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.055.
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The article considers Latvian Civil Defence System (hereinafter referred to as CD), how it works in cases of possible threats, how CS system protects the safety of people and national economy as well as the interests of the entire society in case of a catastrophe; types of CD system safety measures, provision thereof, what processes affect CD system in Riga; attitude of responsible state institutions towards national safety system and environment. Based on the abovementioned, we will review how the society itself has influenced its own safety and based on its outcome we will see what protection measures should be provided from the standpoint of safe human and social life, why the drawbacks, deficiencies and indifferent attitude are allowed in relation to the safety system processes in the country and Riga. In the aspect of CD regulatory enactments methodology, an attempt is made to explain the current drawbacks in safety processes of tasks to be fulfilled by the municipality by means of calculations thus identifying the reasons that all emergency situations, breakdowns, catastrophes resulting from technogenic and natural risks depend on the attitude of state institutions, local governments and the society towards the safety, and on general economic situation.
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MERKYS, Gediminas, Daiva BUBELIENE, and Nijolė ČIUČIULKIENĖ. "SATISFACTION OF RURAL POPULATION WITH PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE REGIONS: ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.154.
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The key idea of the well-being concept strives to answer the question about how well the needs of people in a society are met in different spheres of social life - the physical, economic, social, educational, environmental, emotional, and spiritual – as well as individuals’ evaluations of their own lives and the way that their society operates (Gilbert, Colley, Roberts, 2016). One of the possible suggestions for answering the question: “How well are the needs of people in a society met?” could be the monitoring of citizen’s satisfaction with public services while applying a standardized questionnaire for population covering 193 primary indicators (health, social security, culture, public transport, utilities, environment, recreation and sport, public communication, education, etc). Even 23 indicators are about education that makes educational services a considerable part of all social service system. As the researchers aimed to analyze satisfaction of rural population with public services stressing the education issue, indicators about education dominated in the survey. The data were collected in 2016 - 2017 in 2 regional municipalities: municipalities: Jonava and Radviliskis (N=2368). The results of the analysis demonstrate that rural residents' satisfaction with formal general education services is relatively high. The only negative exception is the "the placement of a child in a pre-school institution based on the place of residence". Furthermore, rural residents poorly evaluated educational services that are related to non-formal education, adult education, the education of children with disabilities, child safety, meaningful xtracurricular activities of children and young people during all day, preventive programs. These major conclusions let the researchers state that local self-governmental institutions are not capable to cope with the quality challenges of some educational services without special intervention policy of the central government and the EU responsible structural units. A negative impact is also reinforced by a rapidly deteriorating demographic situation in Lithuanian rural areas.
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PRUS, Piotr. "SUSTAINABLE FARMING PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT - CASE STUDY BASED ON A SELECTED GROUP OF FARMERS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.226.
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The idea of sustainable farming entails farming production management which allows for the efficient use of natural resources in order to achieve financial profit, while respecting the laws of nature and meeting expectations of society at the same time. The idea is interdisciplinary and incorporates many facets. The author analysed numerous methods of production technology which exert influence on the natural environment. The aim of the research was to evaluate if - and to what extent - agricultural production of the examined farms was sustainable. The empirical data was collected by means of the diagnostic interview technique. The poll was carried out between 2014 and 2017 among 155 respondents. The research showed that the majority of the polled farmers adhered to the sustainable farming production guidelines and tried to extend their knowledge of the subject matter.
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VALIŪNĖ, Dovilė. "AN INDIVIDUAL LEVEL OF SOCIAL INNOVATIONS FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT: AGGRESSION AMONG RURAL ADOLESCENTS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.046.
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Social innovation is very important for rural development. It is a lack of researchers about an individual level of social innovations in Lithuania. Adolescents’ aggression is an important social problem that can affect society and social innovations. It needs to find the differences in aggression between rural and urban adolescents because it could help to plan effective interventions for reducing aggressive behavior. The present study aimed to assess the aggression among rural and urban adolescents. It was hypothesized that rural and urban adolescents differ significantly on aggression. In order to verify the above hypothesis a sample of 479 (207 boys; 272 girls) students were selected from Lithuanian schools. The sample includes the similar size of rural (N=242) and urban (N=237) students. The age of participants was from 12 to 17. It was used Aggression Questionnaire developed by Buss and Perry (1992) in this research. The questionnaire involves four subscales: physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility. The results showed that urban girls had more physical aggression than rural girls. However, it was not found statistically significant differences in physical aggression among urban and rural boys. Also, it was not found any statistically significant differences in verbal aggression, anger, hostility among urban and rural adolescents.
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KOPEIKA, Evija. "MATHEMATICS AS POTENTIAL FOR THE PERSON'S RESILIENCE." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.140.
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Scientific literature offers extensive examples of the role of mathematics education in the development of personality and intelligence as well as its application in everyday life and professional activities. Furthermore, the attitude towards the role of mathematical knowledge in the labour market is widely discussed in the society. In order to reflect the views of respondents on the issues of mathematics education and the potential values of mathematics, the survey was carried out. The research data was analysed considering the respondents` education speciality, gender, age and mathematics learning experience. Study results show that mathematics is widely used in everyday life as well as in professional activities, and gives advantage in the labour market. It is difficult to learn mathematics but it is highly worthy. Thus the subject of mathematics is becoming a crucial instrument for promoting an all-round education and personal development. Therefore, many higher education courses have to be mathematics-intensive, and students need to have a high level of competence in the subject to promote person’s resilience.
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PRANDECKI, Konrad, and Edyta GAJOS. "THE SHARE OF AGRICULTURE IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES – VALUATION." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.255.
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Reducing greenhouse gases emissions is one of the major environmental challenges of the modern world. The European Union (EU) has set itself ambitious reduction targets. Proper monitoring of emissions and its valuation is necessary to achieve this goal. In addition, valuation (in monetary terms) will help to raise awareness of the climate change costs among society. The aim of this article is to present international comparisons within the EU covering the monitoring and valuation of aggregate emissions of selected greenhouse gases in general and in agriculture. The study uses Eurostat data for the years 2007-2015. The evaluation was based on the average annual price of carbon dioxide allowances under the European Union Emissions Trading System. Leipzig stock market data were used to determine the price. The study compares the total greenhouse gas emissions and its value in different EU countries. These results show that the largest emitters in the EU are Germany, United Kingdom, France. A comparison of per capita and per GDP emissions results in an almost reversal of this order. The share of agriculture in greenhouse gas emissions was 11% in 2015 and ranged between countries from 3% (Malta) do 32% (Ireland). The results show also that the decline in value is greater than the decrease in emissions. This is due to the dramatic change in the price of allowances. The decrease in quantity of agricultural emission was 0,5%, whilst the decrease in value was 55,5% between years 2008 and 2015.
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NEZHMETDINOVA, Farida, Sergey YAKHIN, Nail ADIGAMOV, and Damir KHALIULLIN. "DUAL-USE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY OF CONCERN: INCREASE OF RISKS IN MODERN LIFE SCIENCE AND GLOBALIZATION OF BIOETHICS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.210.
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Modern life sciences represent the sphere of natural and exact sciences, which include scientific research of living organisms such as microorganisms, plants, animals and human beings. For example modern biology spreads quickly in such spheres as robotics, computer systems, psychology, linguistics and different social subjects, giving rise to new promising directions and interdisciplinary spheres. At the same time a number of researchers mark that technical-technological possibilities of changing fundamental basics of existence of humans and nature are being created. The article based on the analysis of tendencies of development of the technology and recent discussions about dual- use research and technology of concern, justifies the increasing role of bioethics. Of particular concern is received wide spread production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), carrying a serious risk for human and animal health, biological diversity on the planet. This requires special mechanisms and prevention, such as humanitarian expertise and bioethics. This is due to the fact that the high rate and intensity of development of science and technology have created conditions of uncertainty, lead to increased risks to life and human welfare, the sustainable development of society and nature. It has been suggested that regulation of these risks at the global level, which in turn emphasizes the growing global nature of bioethics.
Reports on the topic "Rural Thai society"
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Islam, Asiya, and Preeti Manchanda. Gender Inequalities in Digital India: A survey on digital literacy, access, and use. Digital Futures at Work Research Centre (Digit), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/mcuu2363.
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This paper reports the main findings from a survey on gender inequalities in digital literacy, use, and access among youth (18-25 years) in three parts of India – Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar. In addition to gender, the survey was attentive to other inequalities too in its enquiry about the location (urban/rural), caste, household income, and education level of the respondents. This paper largely presents inequalities of gender as they intersect with urban/rural location since other variables, while important, yielded smaller numbers that need further careful analysis. The survey was informed by various contemporary developments – global growth in the use of digital technology for education, employment, and everyday lives; Covid-19 pandemic that has accelerated this growth; and the Digital India programme that aims to empower citizens through digital skilling. The survey, then, set out to explore the nature and implications of social inequalities in a society moving towards digital empowerment. The survey findings reveal overwhelming dependence among young people on smartphones for internet access and that entertainment and social media are the top uses of the internet. The survey also finds that women, particularly in rural areas, are less likely than men to exclusively own smartphones. That is, the smartphones that women have access to tend to be ‘household phones’, shared with other members of the family. This has consequences for the time and purposes that women are able to use smartphones and internet for. Based on these findings, the paper proposes avenues for further research on intersectional inequalities in digital literacy, access, and use. It also suggests policy interventions to maximise the potential of digital technology for education and employment, with specific attention to gender inequalities.
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Cedergren, Elin, Diana Huynh, Michael Kull, John Moodie, Hjördís Rut Sigurjónsdóttir, and Mari Wøien Meijer. Public service delivery in the Nordic Region: An exercise in collaborative governance. Nordregio, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2021:2.2001-3876.
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Now, more than ever, is Nordic collaboration required across all levels of governance to help overcome the devastating socio-economic impacts of the pandemic and to solve the shared challenges posed by climate change and growing urban-rural divides. This policy brief examines six good practice examples of collaborative public service delivery from across the Nordic Region, highlighting the main drivers, challenges and enablers of collaboration and the replication potential of these Nordic collaborative examples. The policy brief finds that new and innovative models of Nordic collaboration are constantly emerging thanks to rapid technological developments that are helping to bring stakeholders together to solve common societal challenges. The high levels of cooperation outlined indicate that collaborative governance is continually evolving within the Nordic context.
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Haider, Huma. Political Empowerment of Women, Girls and LGBTQ+ People: Post-conflict Opportunities. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.108.
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The instability and upheaval of violent conflict can break down patriarchal structures, challenge traditional gender norms and open up new roles and spaces for collective agency of women, sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and other marginalised groups (Yadav, 2021; Myrittinen & Daigle, 2017). A recent study on the gendered implications of civil war finds that countries recovering from ‘major civil war’ experience substantial improvements in women’s civil liberties and political participation—complementary aspects of political empowerment (Bakken & Bahaug, 2020). This rapid literature review explores the openings that conflict and post-conflict settings can create for the development of political empowerment of women and LGBTQ+ communities—as well as challenges. Drawing primarily on a range of academic, non-governmental organisation (NGO), and practitioner literature, it explores conflict-affected settings from around the world. There was limited literature available on experience from Ukraine (which was of interest for this report); and on specific opportunities at the level of local administrations. In addition, the available literature on empowerment of LGBTQ+ communities was much less than that available for women’s empowerment. The literature also focused on women, with an absence of information on girls. It is important to note that while much of the literature speaks to women in society as a whole, there are various intersectionalities (e.g. class, race, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, rural/urban etc.) that can produce varying treatment and degrees of empowerment of women. Several examples are noted within the report.
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Kamminga, Jorrit, Cristina Durán, and Miguel Ángel Giner Bou. Zahra: A policewoman in Afghanistan. Oxfam, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6959.
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As part of Oxfam’s Strategic Partnership project ‘Towards a Worldwide Influencing Network’, the graphic story Zahra: A policewoman in Afghanistan was developed by Jorrit Kamminga, Cristina Durán and Miguel Ángel Giner Bou. The project is funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands. The graphic story is part of a long-standing Oxfam campaign that supports the inclusion and meaningful participation of women in the Afghan police. The story portrays the struggles of a young woman from a rural village who wants to become a police officer. While a fictional character, Zahra’s story represents the aspirations and dreams of many young Afghan women who are increasingly standing up for their rights and equal opportunities, but who are still facing structural societal and institutional barriers. For young women like Zahra, there are still few role models and male champions to support their cause. Yet, as Oxfam’s project has shown, their number is growing, which contributes to small shifts in behaviour and perceptions, gradually normalizing women’s presence in the police force. If a critical mass of women within the police force can be reached and their participation increasingly becomes meaningful, this can reduce the societal and institutional resistance over time. Oxfam hopes the fictional character of Zahra can contribute to that in terms of awareness raising and the promotion of women’s participation in the police force. The story is also available on the #IMatter website.
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Bhatt, Mihir R., Shilpi Srivastava, Megan Schmidt-Sane, and Lyla Mehta. Key Considerations: India's Deadly Second COVID-19 Wave: Addressing Impacts and Building Preparedness Against Future Waves. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.031.
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Since February 2021, countless lives have been lost in India, which has compounded the social and economic devastation caused by the second wave of COVID-19. The sharp surge in cases across the country overwhelmed the health infrastructure, with people left scrambling for hospital beds, critical drugs, and oxygen. As of May 2021, infections began to come down in urban areas. However, the effects of the second wave continued to be felt in rural areas. This is the worst humanitarian and public health crisis the country has witnessed since independence; while the continued spread of COVID-19 variants will have regional and global implications. With a slow vaccine rollout and overwhelmed health infrastructure, there is a critical need to examine India's response and recommend measures to further arrest the current spread of infection and to prevent and prepare against future waves. This brief is a rapid social science review and analysis of the second wave of COVID-19 in India. It draws on emerging reports, literature, and regional social science expertise to examine reasons for the second wave, explain its impact, and highlight the systemic issues that hindered the response. This brief puts forth vital considerations for local and national government, civil society, and humanitarian actors at global and national levels, with implications for future waves of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on the COVID-19 response in India. It was developed for SSHAP by Mihir R. Bhatt (AIDMI), Shilpi Srivastava (IDS), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), and Lyla Mehta (IDS) with input and reviews from Deepak Sanan (Former Civil Servant; Senior Visiting Fellow, Centre for Policy Research), Subir Sinha (SOAS), Murad Banaji (Middlesex University London), Delhi Rose Angom (Oxfam India), Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica) and Santiago Ripoll (IDS). It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Adegoke, Damilola, Natasha Chilambo, Adeoti Dipeolu, Ibrahim Machina, Ade Obafemi-Olopade, and Dolapo Yusuf. Public discourses and Engagement on Governance of Covid-19 in Ekiti State, Nigeria. African Leadership Center, King's College London, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47697/lab.202101.
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Numerous studies have emerged so far on Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) across different disciplines. There is virtually no facet of human experience and relationships that have not been studied. In Nigeria, these studies include knowledge and attitude, risk perception, public perception of Covid-19 management, e-learning, palliatives, precautionary behaviours etc.,, Studies have also been carried out on public framing of Covid-19 discourses in Nigeria; these have explored both offline and online messaging and issues from the perspectives of citizens towards government’s policy responses such as palliative distributions, social distancing and lockdown. The investigators of these thematic concerns deployed different methodological tools in their studies. These tools include policy evaluations, content analysis, sentiment analysis, discourse analysis, survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, in depth-interviews as well as machine learning., These studies nearly always focus on the national government policy response, with little or no focus on the constituent states. In many of the studies, the researchers work with newspaper articles for analysis of public opinions while others use social media generated contents such as tweets) as sources for analysis of sentiments and opinions. Although there are others who rely on the use of survey questionnaires and other tools outlined above; the limitations of these approaches necessitated the research plan adopted by this study. Most of the social media users in Nigeria are domiciled in cities and their demography comprises the middle class (socio-economic) who are more likely to be literate with access to internet technologies. Hence, the opinions of a majority of the population who are most likely rural dwellers with limited access to internet technologies are very often excluded. This is not in any way to disparage social media content analysis findings; because the opinions expressed by opinion leaders usually represent the larger subset of opinions prevalent in the society. Analysing public perception using questionnaires is also fraught with its challenges, as well as reliance on newspaper articles. A lot of the newspapers and news media organisations in Nigeria are politically hinged; some of them have active politicians and their associates as their proprietors. Getting unbiased opinions from these sources might be difficult. The news articles are also most likely to reflect and amplify official positions through press releases and interviews which usually privilege elite actors. These gaps motivated this collaboration between Ekiti State Government and the African Leadership Centre at King’s College London to embark on research that will primarily assess public perceptions of government leadership response to Covid-19 in Ekiti State. The timeframe of the study covers the first phase of the pandemic in Ekiti State (March/April to August 2020).