Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rural restructuring'
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1
Walker, Isabella Sheila Frances. "Corporate restructuring and its articulation in rural Ireland." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315831.
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Nelson, Peter Birger. "Hegemony and the rural : economic and cultural perspectives on restructuring in the rural west /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5656.
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Countiss, Robert. "A plan of church evaluation and restructuring." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Tonts, Matthew A. "Rural restructuring, policy change and uneven development in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2009.
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This thesis examines economic restructuring and changing governmental regulation in the Central Wheatbelt of Western Australia. It argues that, for much of this century, Australian governments were committed to the development and maintenance of export orientated agriculture and stable rural communities. While the agricultural industry, and the rural society that it supported, were periodically affected by economic downturns, wars, and technological changes, the full socio-economic impacts were often tempered by interventionist agricultural, social and regional development government policies. Since the early 1970s, however, the Central Wheatbelt, and rural Australia more generally, have experienced profound economic, social and political changes. During this period, the rapid transformation of the global economy has contributed to a series of problems in the Australian economy, such as low levels of economic growth, rising interest rates, and increasing unemployment. In the case of agriculture, the upheaval in the global economy contributed to world surpluses of agricultural commodities, declining returns for food and fibre production, and the rising cost of farm inputs.Since the early 1980s, the response of Federal and State governments to the turmoil in the Australian economy has been to argue that the only workable solution to globalisation was the adoption of policies based on the principles of economic rationalism. However, this thesis argues that, in the Central Wheatbelt, the combination of global restructuring and policies based on economic rationalism have contributed to: the declining viability of family farming; farm amalgamation; labour force adjustments; the contraction of local economies; depopulation; public service rationalisation and withdrawal; and uneven economic and social development. It is contended that policies based on the principles of economic rationalism have increased levels of uncertainty and socio-economic disadvantage in a region already adversely affected by the economic pressures associated with restructuring. The thesis concludes by arguing that a more integrated policy framework, based to a greater extent on the principles of social equity, is critical to ensuring the social and economic welfare of rural people.
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Legler, Thomas. "Daunting challenges, the politics of economic restructuring in rural Mexico." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0002/NQ43441.pdf.
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Apey, Alfredo. "Agricultural restructuring and coordinated policies for rural development in Chile." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6202/.
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Despite a successful process of economic growth in Chile principally engineered by a dramatic rise and diversification of primary exports since the late 1970s, rural poverty is still a widespread condition throughout the country; nearly 40 per cent of the rural population are affected by this condition. From a geographical perspective, rural poverty in Chile is a complex result of different intervening factors. The adoption of outward-oriented strategies of development since the mid-1970s has initiated some new trends that have adversely affected a significant segment of the rural population. Thus, one of the results of the socio-productive change, which can be observed in the Chilean countryside, is a growing number of landless peasants and an aggressive market for agricultural land. New lands have been required for the expansion of export-led primary resources, notably agricultural and forestry. In parallel, the developing of a seasonal structure of labour demand has become an additional constraint affecting the rural labour force and the quality of life in rural areas. Within the institutional framework of the government rural problems have been largely perceived as a responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture. However, usually the main difficulties affecting rural population are not only related to productive concerns but they are also associated with a wider number of inter-sectoral constraints (e.g. availability and access to housing, social services and infrastructure, to grass root organisations, to culture and recreation among others). So, any attempt oriented to increase rural development transcends unisectoral policies. This study has three main general aims. First, it attempts to explore the background to rural poverty in Chile in a national and international context. Secondly it examines the regional evolution of agriculture in a highly-competitive framework. In this context, a comparison is made of a region that has been transformed by export-led agriculture with a region whose products have not been competitive internationally and, indeed, have found it difficult to remain competitive in the national market. Thirdly, it pretends to present and evaluate an intersectoral attempt by the democratic government of President Patricio Aylwin to alleviate rural poverty through better organisation and coordination of ministerial responsibilities dedicated to rural areas. The vehicle for improving horizontal coordination was the Interministerial Commission for Rural Development-CIDER. The regional focus was the VII Region (Maule), a region that had not benefited from export-led agriculture.
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Tonts, Matthew A. "Rural restructuring, policy change and uneven development in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia." Curtin University of Technology, School of Social Sciences and Asian Languages, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=9689.
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This thesis examines economic restructuring and changing governmental regulation in the Central Wheatbelt of Western Australia. It argues that, for much of this century, Australian governments were committed to the development and maintenance of export orientated agriculture and stable rural communities. While the agricultural industry, and the rural society that it supported, were periodically affected by economic downturns, wars, and technological changes, the full socio-economic impacts were often tempered by interventionist agricultural, social and regional development government policies. Since the early 1970s, however, the Central Wheatbelt, and rural Australia more generally, have experienced profound economic, social and political changes. During this period, the rapid transformation of the global economy has contributed to a series of problems in the Australian economy, such as low levels of economic growth, rising interest rates, and increasing unemployment. In the case of agriculture, the upheaval in the global economy contributed to world surpluses of agricultural commodities, declining returns for food and fibre production, and the rising cost of farm inputs.Since the early 1980s, the response of Federal and State governments to the turmoil in the Australian economy has been to argue that the only workable solution to globalisation was the adoption of policies based on the principles of economic rationalism. However, this thesis argues that, in the Central Wheatbelt, the combination of global restructuring and policies based on economic rationalism have contributed to: the declining viability of family farming; farm amalgamation; labour force adjustments; the contraction of local economies; depopulation; public service rationalisation and withdrawal; and uneven economic and social development. It is contended that policies based on the principles of ++economic rationalism have increased levels of uncertainty and socio-economic disadvantage in a region already adversely affected by the economic pressures associated with restructuring. The thesis concludes by arguing that a more integrated policy framework, based to a greater extent on the principles of social equity, is critical to ensuring the social and economic welfare of rural people.
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Huntley, Lance R. "Influence of economic restructuring on rural Missouri high school dropout rates." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4157.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 18, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Dowsett, O. "'Rural restructuring' : a multi-scalar analysis of the Otago Central Rail Trail." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/669.
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‘Rural restructuring’ has frequently been used to indicate the magnitude, and conceptualise the nature, of contemporary change in the countryside. Most notably, concern has focused upon the fundamental changes in economic and social organisation brought about by the increasing leverage of consumption-based activity as a path to rural development. By drawing on the relevant literature, however, I suggest in this thesis that the use of ‘rural restructuring’ as a conceptual framework has been inconsistent. The issue of scale is a case in point with scholars positioning their studies of rural change at varying levels of analysis. In response, I adopt Massey’s (2004) arguments about space and place to present an alternative model which considers ‘rural restructuring’ as a multi-scalar and mutually constitutive process. To explore the feasibility of approaching ‘rural restructuring’ in this way, the thesis focuses, in particular, upon the development of rural tourism at five different scales. These comprise the national scale (New Zealand), the regional scale (Central Otago), the sub-regional scale (the Otago Central Rail Trail), the business scale (five business case studies) and the individual scale (five entrepreneurial case studies). Reflecting the exploratory nature of the study and its multi-scalar approach, I use a number of qualitative research methods. These include interrogating the promotion of New Zealand and Central Otago as tourist destinations, cycling along the Otago Central Rail Trail, staying at accommodation businesses along the Rail Trail, and interviewing individual entrepreneurs about their experiences of business development. The analytical chapters of the thesis comprise an in-depth look at the promotion or experience of rural tourism development at each scale of analysis. Through identifying inter-scale consistencies and emphasising the reciprocal basis of such consistency, I present ‘rural restructuring’ as a multi-scalar and mutually constitutive process. Thus, I connect the national-scale targeting of the ‘interactive traveller’ to the promotion of Central Otago as a ‘World of Discovery’, before linking the development of the Otago Central Rail Trail to its regional context. I then investigate the nature of business development as intimately bound to the evolution of the Rail Trail, before finally tying these entrepreneurial creations to individual accounts of exhaustion and enjoyment that emerge from the operation of tourism businesses. The thesis ends by concluding that ‘rural restructuring’ can indeed be considered a multi-scalar and mutually constitutive process, worked out simultaneously at wide-ranging but interconnected levels of change.
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Huang, Jia. "Restructuring society : public health and social change in rural China, 1949-1976." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.567924.
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The goal of this study is to present a micro-level investigation into the development of rural public health in the political and social milieu of Maoist China, with evidence from two counties, Lingchuan and Lingui, in Guangxi Province in South China. It aims to understand how the extension of public health to the rural people helped shape their political and social existence in the modern era. During the first half of the twentieth century, the development of public health in China, which concentrated mostly in the urban towns, was inextricably integrated with the process of building a modern Chinese nation-state. In the realm of public health, the state managed to define its relationship with individual citizens through disseminating a universal system of scientific knowledge, directing disciplinary action, and imposing regulations. The connection between public health and government structure has inspired this study to trace the regulatory, administrative, and institutional role of state in public health activities, e.g., launching anti-epidemic campaign, giving vaccinations, and disseminating new ideas and methods in the countryside. Equally, this study is also concerned with the distinctiveness of the rural society, whose historical legacy had significantly shaped the modern development. During the mid-1950s to 70s, the state had exerted active efforts to legitimize traditional medicine. Consequently, mass mobilization at the local level was energized by adoption of traditional measures, for example, as in the programs of barefoot doctors and mass medication with herbal medicine. By observing the playing out of these practices in the local context, this study suggests that traditional medicine helped to sustain the involvement of local leadership and ethics in the new activities promoted by the state; and by extension, the interaction between the state and local communities in developing public health activities reflected the process of building local government, in which the power of the state and that of the communities were interacting and mutually reinforcing.
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McCann, Jude Martin. "Rural restructuring and information systems : analysis in New Zealand, Northern Ireland and Canada." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492029.
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In 1984 the New Zealand government abruptly withdrew almost all state support for agriculture. This thesis examines the social impact of this action using Northern Ireland and Prince Edward Island (Canada) as a basis for comparison. The aim is to explain the response of fanners and fann households to the withdrawal of state support as a means to identifying mechanisms or strategies to better manage change elsewhere. Specific attention is paid to the changing role of the farm infonnation system and the broader impact of agricultural change on the rural economy. This research shows that while the number of fanners in New Zealand who lost their fann as a direct consequence of the 1984 refonns was fewer than anticipated, the social impact of the policy changes were widespread, severe and prolonged. The thesis identifies a sequence of changes. In the immediate aftennath of the refonns fanners closed their fann gates and tried to survive through a process of self exploitation and consolidation. There is little evidence of effort to diversify although many fanns only survived through the availability of off-farm income. Subsequently, fanners moved on to a phase of reconstruction and diversification. This in tum has resulted in the establishment of new, economically viable production systems broadly in line with social, economic and political needs. The thesis highlights the importance of cultural and social factors in mediating the economic impact of change and fanners' response to change and concludes that social capital is the primary factor in supporting adaptive change and identifies specific initiatives to build social capital and support resilience in rural communities.
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Barnes, John Andrew. "State landownership and planning in the spatial restructuring of London's docklands 1968-90." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334309.
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Eklund, Kajsa. "En kvantitativ studie om besöksnäringens effekt i de svenska landsbygdskommunerna." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148296.
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The population decline and the rural restructuring of the Swedish countryside has been an issue for the last decades. The restructuring of rural areas had led to the migration of young people that leave the countryside for education and work, and a wider supply of culture and activities in the growing metropolitan regions. Rural areas have difficulty competing with the labour markets in urban areas and larger cities that can offer to a wider range of job opportunities. The rural restructuring has led to that municipalities in these areas face various kinds of challenges, such as an elderly population and big strains on the welfare system. The tourism industry has grown into one of the largest businesses of the world, and it continue to expand. The global development of the tourism and recreation brings increased share of employment rate and increased GDP. Likewise, tourism in Sweden has shown a strong growth and many people also argue that the tourism industry can be the future of many rural areas. As employment is one of the main reasons for migration, increased tourism may affect the population growth in these areas. The rural areas in Sweden need to attract young people to move, and stay, to these areas to make the demographic distribution more balanced. There are some rural areas in Sweden that are known as tourism-related areas and the purpose with this thesis is to examine whether this tourism areas have a more positive population development than other rural municipalities. This thesis is based on a quantitative method and includes information about the Swedish municipalities in aim to examine the differences and development since the year 2000.
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Preibisch, Kerry. "Rural livelihoods, gender and economic restructuring in Mexico : lived realities of neoliberalism (1988-2000)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343170.
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Rawlinson, Heather J. "Rural microenterprise development in an era of agricultural restructuring, a study of Mexican peasant communities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/MQ48432.pdf.
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Cloutier, Fisher Denise. "Long-term care restructuring in rural Ontario, retrieving community narratives through a case study approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/NQ55620.pdf.
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Wedding, Ramona. "The restructuring of a junior high school into a middle school in a rural setting." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185784.
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The process of restructuring a junior high school into a middle school is the central focus of the study. The study investigated the relationship between junior high school and middle school. It emphasizes that the change process can occur successfully when approached methodically. It was hypothesized that a middle school with a grade configuration of grades 6-8 would be more effective than a junior high school with grades 7-8. The review of the literature incorporated a history of middle level education studies, a review of major reports on middle education and a review of middle level change processes. Affective and cognitive domains of education at the middle level were examined. Selected variables were analyzed to determine their effect. Subjects included students and staff members randomly selected from Safford Junior High School and Safford Middle School in Safford, Arizona. A survey was also sent to every registered voter of Graham County. Seventy-five percent of the teaching staff in the school was selected to complete the additional survey instruments describing the educational environment at the school before and after the change. Because the population was limited to the citizens and students of Graham County in Arizona, results are generalizable only to the extent that another population is similar. Further research into the relationship of these constructs, including observational studies and studies providing for external verification of both the junior high school and the middle school would be beneficial.
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Zhang, Shu Cecilia. "Rural-to-urban migration and economic restructuring in China, 1982-2000 : a case study of Guangdong province." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36760948.
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Zhang, Shu Cecilia, and 張姝. "Rural-to-urban migration and economic restructuring in China, 1982-2000: a case study of Guangdong province." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36760948.
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Ayalp, Ekrem. "Restructuring Agriculture And Adaptive Processes In Rural Areas: The Case Of Cotton Sector In Adana-karatas." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609010/index.pdf.
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While there has been an ongoing transformation of traditional agriculture and new regulations on agricultural institutional formations and market structures, the aim of this thesis is tracing forward to identify who the losers and the winners of this process would be. The background question is about the new faces of the rural areas and, the study considers what the current importance of agriculture in those areas is and if rural areas as living formations are in transition, then what will be the implications of this restructuring in terms of agriculture. These issues are investigated with reference to the operational structure of cotton sector at Adana and, the cotton producers at the three villages in KarataS District are examined as an unit of concern.
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Flanagan, Tanya Marie. "Gender, rurality and economic change, the gendered nature of rural hospital restructuring in South Eastern Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0028/MQ33222.pdf.
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Acheson, Julianna 1965. "Putting rungs on the ladder: Portuguese emigration, return migration and the restructuring of northern rural society." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291963.
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This thesis examines the impact of emigration and return migration on sending communities of northwestern Portugal. Literature about recent trends in Portuguese emigration to central Europe is reviewed. Historical, political, economic and social factors are considered "push" and "pull" forces for both emigration and return migration. I demonstrate that emigration has resulted in altering the traditional social structure. I argue there are two cohort groups, first and second generation emigrants, which have different economic interests and which must be treated differently by policy makers concerned with agriculture. This thesis also contributes to the dialogue about the World systems Paradigm by demonstrating that emigration to a "core" has long term, substantial gains for the "periphery".
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Marina, Hamidzada. "Decomposing and Restructuring Women's Disaster Vulnerability through Their Voices Case Studies from Rural and Urban Afghanistan." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242480.
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Diaz, Pineda Hector Manuel. "Rural elite and peasant strategies in the restructuring of the coffee market in Veracruz, Mexico, 1989-1996." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2698/.
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This thesis is based on two main arguments. First, the coffee market is strongly regulated and embedded because of its natural setting and social make up. Coffee is a perennial cash crop mainly cultivated in tropical and semi-tropical mountains, where small producers have played an important role. Issues of labour intensity, land access and property rights, massive investments in infrastructure and credit, and cyclical behaviour of markets have shaped the emergence of coffee sector institutions. Countries, in which complex institutional arrangements were made to face these convergent factors, have succeeded in overcoming many "coffee crises". I present the case of Atzalan, Veracruz, in Mexico, as a case of institutional failure and loss of a privileged opportunity for rural development in poverty-stricken areas. Second, elites have commonly been neglected in analyses of how peasant practices and identities change in the context of agricultural 'modernisation'. This is particularly pertinent in the context of Mexico, where caciquismo has long been of extreme economic, social and political significance, both within and beyond state institutions. Elites are important in rural societies because they establish a privileged link with peasants, both in the coffee market and in other areas of social interaction. Their strategies of accommodation vis a vis the state and powerful actors have created opportunities for regional development, specialisation and integration in national and international markets. I present a historical perspective of a coffee producing region in Central Veracruz, whose local elites channelled federal and state resources, mobilised peasants and challenged state intervention in key economic activities. Elites are interlocked with peasant communities in many different and complex ways. Elites' knowledge of coffee markets has an effect on business making and market institutions (contracts and grading systems, price formation, value creation incentives). In turn, peasant organisations and their economic strategies are strongly influenced by this elite framework.
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Svirplys, Larissa. "Planning considerations for the implications of local government restructuring on the sense of place in a rural community." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47366.pdf.
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Emerson, Harriet Joanna. "Land-use and landscape implications of rapid rural restructuring : a case study in the north-east of Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU082521.
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Extensive changes in British agriculture since the Second World War have increasingly been accompanied by growing public concern over associated change in the rural environment. Identifying and monitoring alterations in the countryside has gradually been supplemented by a research focus on the processes by which such changes occur. One particular factor understood to be involved in such change, which has attracted considerable attention, has been farm-level restructuring within the sector. This work applies previous research findings on the land-use and landscape impacts in respect of one aspect of restructuring; change in farm ownership, in a case study area in the North-East of Scotland. Adverse weather conditions in the mid-1980s resulted in severe financial difficulties for those farmers that had over-developed wheat production in an area marginal for cereal cultivation. Reports suggested that an unusually high proportion of agricultural properties were sold in Aberdeenshire as a result of this situation, and that the purchasers included a high number of in-migrants and those not previously involved in farming. This situation permitted the application of existing research on ownership restructuring and for due attention to be given to the associated locality-specific factors, which have been acknowledged as significant in processes of land-use and landscape change. The restructuring that had taken place was investigated with reference to data from the Scottish Office of Agriculture and Fisheries and in detail, using the Register of Sasines, for a sample constructed from advertisements for properties sold between 1987 and 1990. The land-use and landscape changes undertaken on these properties were examined in comparison with those on a sample of properties that had experienced no such restructuring, in order to distinguish the role played by this factor. Other variables relating to the characteristics of the farmer and the farm holdings and businesses themselves, which are also held to influence decision-making and land-use change, were investigated to ascertain their relative significance in determining countryside change.
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Klahr, Rebecca Anne. "Economic restructuring, rural industrialisation and gender relations : a case study of the garment industry in Marco de Canaveses, Portugal." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624506.
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Grynko, O. "Restructuring the financing of social infrastructure in rural areas as a tool to improve the environmental situation of territories." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45274.
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Marketplace requires priority development of social infrastructure, which implemented the socio-economic interests of different gender and age groups, the relationship of man and society, met the material and spiritual needs, to create adequate conditions of life. Social infrastructure is an important factor in the development of environmental impact on the area. Rational use of solid waste is not possible without the teamwork of all parts of the social infrastructure. The use of innovations in the operation of the components of social infrastructure is an effective direction of the improvement of ecological areas.
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Hedlund, Martin. "Growth and decline in rural Sweden : geographical distribution of employment and population 1960–2010." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-139723.
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This thesis investigates the combination of changes in the population and employment into sectors in rural Sweden for the period 1960-2010. The aim is to describe and analyze the demographic changes together with the labour market changes, and to account for the spatial outcome of these changes by considering the heterogeneity of rural areas. The analysis departs from the framework of rural restructuring, where changes in employment and population in rural Sweden are interpreted as local products of the global processes of technological development, social modernization and globalization. Empirically, the analysis is based on a combination of longitudinal censuses and register data on the Swedish population covering the period 1960-2010. The first part of the aim is achieved by applying a life-course perspective and exploiting the longitudinal nature of the data. The life-course perspective distinguishes between historical time and the age of individuals, making it possible to situate changes in employment and migration on the individual level. The second part of the aim is achieved through developing a typology of rural Sweden by doing a cluster analysis on SAMS-areas. The results show that rural change after 1980 was characterized by de-industrialization and the rise of the urban service sector. The period was also characterized by regional urbanization rather than local urbanization. Peripheral urban and rural areas based on industrial employment found themselves with a declining economic motor, which meant that people had to find their source of income elsewhere. The migration stream in this period was thus increasingly directed towards metropolitan or large city centers, and their rural surroundings within commuting distance. However, the more fine-tuned spatial typology reveals that also a few areas in the rural periphery have experienced growth, these areas are mainly attractive places based on various kinds of tourism. It can thus be concluded that different rural areas have experienced, and will continue to experience, the shift from manufacturing to services differently, where some areas have grown in both demographic and employment terms while others have declined. In this sense the heterogeneity of rural areas are a product of both growth and decline – of old development paths that is reaching their end and of new development paths that will continue into the future.
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Costa, Francymaikel Alves Oliveira. "Recentes estratégias da ação sindical rural em Alagoas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1655.
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This paper analyzes the recent strategies of union activity in rural Alagoas notably from the Federation of Agricultural Workers of Alagoas – FETAG-AL - the period that includes the last two administrations (2006-2013). The survey was produced through the specialized bibliography, documents the federation itself, collective conventions of rural workers, journals, newspapers, magazines and thematic interviews drawn from specialized sites on the subject. From this, we demonstrate the emergence and structure of rural unionism in Brazil and in Alagoas justifying their union practices over the decades. Here is how the various government programs to encourage the sugarcane sector, as Proálcool, influence on union practices. Concomitantly reported the dismantling of this structure by state and the one hand mills and distilleries had to reshape the face of productive restructuring, on the other hand, union action suffered a setback in its representation to rural workers against neoliberal policies and relaxation of labor laws. The consolidation of new perspectives and new productive morphology at work at the beginning of the XXI century, leads us to realize that union action in the state of Alagoas has undergone considerable structural change. The FETAG-AL has turned to new demands emerging claim and representation as a family farming, rural housing and categories on the rise as young people, women and seniors. The Federation has organized courses, seminars, conferences and public demonstrations as a means of effecting their trade union action.Este trabalho analisa as recentes estratégias da ação sindical rural em Alagoas notadamente a partir da Federação dos Trabalhadores da Agricultura de Alagoas – FETAG-AL – no período que compreende as duas últimas gestões (2006-2013). A pesquisa foi produzida através de bibliografia especializada, documentos da própria federação, convenções coletivas dos trabalhadores rurais, periódicos, jornais impressos, revistas temáticas e entrevistas extraídas de sites especializados do assunto. A partir disso, demonstramos a emergência e estrutura do sindicalismo rural no Brasil bem como em Alagoas justificando suas práticas sindicais no decorrer das décadas. Apresentamos como os diversos programas governamentais de incentivo ao setor sucroalcooleiro, como o Proálcool, influenciaram nas práticas sindicais. Concomitantemente relatamos o desmonte dessa estrutura estatal e se por um lado, as usinas e destilarias tiveram que se remodelar diante da reestruturação produtiva, por outro lado, a ação sindical sofria um recuo em sua representação aos assalariados rurais ante a política neoliberal e a flexibilização das leis trabalhistas. A consolidação das novas perspectivas produtivas bem como a nova morfologia no trabalho no início do século XXI, nos leva a perceber que a ação sindical no Estado de Alagoas tem sofrido considerável mudança estrutural. A FETAG-AL tem se voltado para novas demandas que surgem e reclamam por representação como a agricultura familiar, habitação rural e categorias em ascensão como jovens, mulheres e terceira idade. A Federação tem organizado cursos, seminários, conferências e mobilizações públicas como forma de efetivar sua ação sindical.
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Marrafon, Andrea Margarete de Almeida. "O processo de nucleamento e fechamento das escolas rurais na região de São João da Boa Vista (SP)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7536.
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The study aimed to analyze the process of nucleamento and closing of rural schools in the region of São João da Boa Vista, using as base municipalities: Casa Branca, Divinolândia and Sao Jose do Rio Pardo. This process was the transformation of schools into centers-schools or nucleation in order to become recipients of the students of extinct rural schools (multigrade isolated and / unidocentes) and may be located in rural or urban areas. Taking into consideration the historical context, political, socioeconomic and educational, emphasizing above all the transformations in agriculture in the State of São Paulo, which resulted in the expropriation of thousands of rural workers because of agricultural mechanization driven by the expansion of sugarcane sectors and citrus, sought to discuss and understand: the service that or those rural schools were nucleated? How did and what the cause of nucleamento and consequent closure of rural schools? Thus, the study has two categories considered inseparable: the capitalist mode of production and the education of the rural population. The analysis of the first category was made from the study of Marxist theoretical framework, through data collected in the field research (interviews and questionnaires) and by searching statistical data sites on the economy, agriculture, labor and demographics. But the study on the education of the rural population was given by historical rescue about nucleamento of rural schools and on the education of the rural population from the 1960s, involving the educational laws that regulate the process and the changes occurred in rural areas. Was also made a survey of existing rural schools from the 1970s and the condition of rural schools in the three cities listed in the study for that, in addition to the documentary research of extinct rural schools with the state arquivadoras schools, questionnaires were targeted for managers of municipal departments of Education White House, Divinolândia and São José do Rio Pardo, the active rural schools, as well as interviews with parents of students in rural schools. On the information collected and based on the theoretical study has improved to discussion of the process that resulted in the closure of 390 rural schools (1970-2014) which had as its backdrop the agricultural productive restructuring, considering then that the nucleamento and the consequent closure of rural schools served the capital and was far from serving the interests of rural workers.
O estudo teve como objetivo analisar o processo de nucleamento e fechamento das escolas rurais na região de São João da Boa Vista, utilizando-se como municípios-base: Casa Branca, Divinolândia e São José do Rio Pardo. Tal processo consistiu na transformação de escolas em escolas-núcleos ou nucleadoras com a finalidade de tornarem-se receptoras dos alunos de escolas rurais extintas (isoladas e multisseriadas/unidocentes), podendo ter localização em áreas rurais ou urbanas. Levando-se em consideração o contexto histórico, político, socioeconômico e educacional, enfatizando, sobretudo as transformações ocorridas na agricultura no Estado de São Paulo, que resultou na expropriação de milhares de trabalhadores rurais em virtude da mecanização agrícola impulsionada pela expansão dos setores sucroenergético e citrícola, buscou-se discutir e compreender: a serviço de que ou de quem as escolas rurais foram nucleadas? Como se deu e qual a causa do nucleamento e consequente fechamento das escolas rurais? Dessa forma, o estudo apresenta duas categorias consideradas indissociáveis: o modo de produção capitalista e a escolarização da população rural. A análise da primeira categoria foi feita a partir do estudo do referencial teórico marxista, por meio de dados coletados na pesquisa de campo (entrevistas e questionários) e por meio de busca em sites de dados estatísticos sobre a economia, agricultura, trabalho e demografia. Já o estudo sobre a escolarização da população rural deu-se mediante resgate histórico sobre o nucleamento das escolas rurais, bem como, sobre a escolarização da população rural a partir da década de 1960, envolvendo as legislações educacionais que regulamentaram o processo, bem como as transformações ocorridas no meio rural. Foi feito também, um levantamento das escolas rurais existentes a partir da década de 1970 e a condição das escolas rurais nos três municípios elencados para o estudo, para isso, além das pesquisas documentais das escolas rurais extintas junto às escolas estaduais arquivadoras, foram direcionados questionários para os gestores das Secretarias Municipais de Educação de Casa Branca, Divinolândia e São José do Rio Pardo, das escolas rurais ativas, além de entrevistas com pais de alunos das escolas rurais. Diante das informações coletadas e com base no referencial teórico estudado aprimorou-se a discussão sobre o processo que resultou no fechamento de 390 escolas rurais (1970 a 2014) o qual teve como pano de fundo a restruturação produtiva agrícola, considerando-se então, que o nucleamento e o consequente fechamento das escolas rurais serviram ao capital e esteve distante de servir aos interesses dos trabalhadores rurais.
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Costello, Diane Ingrid. "A substantive examination of rural community resilience and transition - A social justice perspective of a civil society." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2360.
Full textAbstract:
It is well established that rural regional Australians have borne the brunt of globalization in terms of the adverse impacts caused by social and economic restructuring resulting from global, national and local forces. In response governments and communities have embraced sustainability and civil society for promoting local community action and responsibility for social, economic and environmental issues. This research focuses on community narratives about the social change processes as they engage the forces of neo-liberal policies. Applying a qualitative, grounded theoretical approach to data collection and analysis this study also adopts a multi-perspective, multi-disciplinary framework to gain more holistic, contextual understandings of community functioning and change. In echoing the principles of community psychology, the foundational, multidisciplinary concepts of sense of community, social capital, civil society, empowerment and conscientization have informed understandings of this communitys process and outcome towards transformational change. This study offers a critical reflection of transformational change in an effort to promote more peaceful, collaborate relationships between dominant and oppressed groups in expanding our understandings and solutions for community change. Identified by Newbrough (1992, 1995) as the Third Force Position, the ideals of political community are visibly expressed as they attempt to pursue transformational change towards a just and sustainable future for the community. However, while civil society has made a positive contribution, also apparent are the processes and outcomes which affect those most vulnerable. Those most powerless continue to suffer from exclusion, marginalization and as a result are denied access to vital resources to meet their needs.
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Costello, Diane Ingrid. "A substantive examination of rural community resilience and transition - A social justice perspective of a civil society." Curtin University of Technology, School of Psychology, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17603.
Full textAbstract:
It is well established that rural regional Australians have borne the brunt of globalization in terms of the adverse impacts caused by social and economic restructuring resulting from global, national and local forces. In response governments and communities have embraced sustainability and civil society for promoting local community action and responsibility for social, economic and environmental issues. This research focuses on community narratives about the social change processes as they engage the forces of neo-liberal policies. Applying a qualitative, grounded theoretical approach to data collection and analysis this study also adopts a multi-perspective, multi-disciplinary framework to gain more holistic, contextual understandings of community functioning and change. In echoing the principles of community psychology, the foundational, multidisciplinary concepts of sense of community, social capital, civil society, empowerment and conscientization have informed understandings of this communitys process and outcome towards transformational change. This study offers a critical reflection of transformational change in an effort to promote more peaceful, collaborate relationships between dominant and oppressed groups in expanding our understandings and solutions for community change. Identified by Newbrough (1992, 1995) as the Third Force Position, the ideals of political community are visibly expressed as they attempt to pursue transformational change towards a just and sustainable future for the community. However, while civil society has made a positive contribution, also apparent are the processes and outcomes which affect those most vulnerable. Those most powerless continue to suffer from exclusion, marginalization and as a result are denied access to vital resources to meet their needs.
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Eklöf, Linn, and Alice Vadér. "Butiksdöd eller butiksrenässans? : Hur skapar små fysiska modebutiker konkurrenskraft?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167184.
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Bakgrund: Digitaliseringen av sällanköpsvaruhandeln har bidragit till en strukturomställning där konkurrensen för fysiska butiker blivit allt hårdare. Brytpunkten för tillväxt inom modebranschen, som ingår i sällanköpsvaruhandeln, har skiftats från fysisk butik till e-handel och den snabbväxande e-handeln visar inga tecken på att avta, snarare tvärtom. Det sker en prispress, både online och i fysiska butiker, vilket innebär att det oftast är de svagaste butikerna (främst mindre fysiska butiker) som är de först drabbade, på grund av svårigheterna att anpassa sig. Studien visar därmed hur de fysiska butikerna skapar konkurrenskraft för att stå sig kvar på marknaden. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att bidra till en ökad förståelse för hur fysiska små butiker inom modebranschen skapar konkurrenskraft, samt hur e-handeln påverkar konkurrensen för dessa. Forskningsfrågor: -Hur påverkas de små fysiska modebutikerna av e-handelns framväxt? Hur skiljer det sig mellan rural area och city area? -Hur skiljer sig marknadsföringsstrategier och prissättningsstrategier från befintliga små fysiska butiker inom modebranschen i jämförelse med nedlagda butiker? -Hur ska de fysiska små modebutikerna undvika butiksdöd och hantera utmaningarna för långsiktig överlevnad? Resultat: Studien resulterar i att alla fallföretag skapar konkurrenskraft genom att erbjuda sina kunder en hög personlig service där kunden alltid är i fokus och kommer i första hand. Den höga personliga servicen är en ännu viktigare konkurrensstrategi om butiken är belägen i en rural area. På sikt kommer däremot små fysiska modebutiker behöva anpassa sig till branschens strukturomvandling och erbjuda kunder ett mer sömlöst upplägg för att kunna konkurrera med e-handeln. I dagsläget har e-handeln ett stort försprång i både pris och räckvidd och en strukturomställning skulle innebära att fysisk butik och e-handel konkurrerar på liknande villkor och på så vis undviks dagens konkurrensasymmetri.Background: The digitalization of the retail industry has contributed to a restructuring, where competition for physical stores has become increasingly fierce. The breaking point for the growth of the fashion industry has shifted from the physical store to e-commerce and the fast-growing e-commerce is showing no signs of abating, but rather the opposite. There is a constant pressure on prices, both online and in physical stores, which means that it is usually the weakest stores (mainly smaller physical stores) which are the first affected because of the difficulties in adapting. The study thus shows how the physical stores create competitiveness to remain in the market. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to contribute to an increased understanding of how physical small stores in the fashion industry creates competitiveness, and how e-commerce affects competition for these. Research questions: -How do the physical small stores (within the fashion industry) create competitiveness based on marketing strategies and pricing strategies? How does it differ between the rural area and the city area? -How do marketing strategies and pricing strategies differ from existing small physical stores in the fashion industry in comparison to closed stores? -How should the physical small fashion stores handle the challenges of long-term survival? Conclusion: The study results in all case companies creating competitiveness by offering their customers a high personal service where the customer is always in focus and comes first. The high personal service is an even more important competitive strategy if the store is located in a rural area. In the long run, small physical fashion stores will need to adapt to the structural transformation and offer customers a more seamless design in order to compete with e-commerce. At present, e-commerce has a major advantage in both price and scope, and a restructuring would mean that physical stores and e-commerce compete on similar terms and thus avoid today’s competitive asymmetry.
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Barreto, Fábio de Jesus. "As engrenagens do capital no território do agreste central sergipano : o canto da sereia da odisséia do trabalho no novo eixo industrial calçadista." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2010. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5519.
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The restructuring process presents itself as a mechanism of exit of capital for those moments of crisis. The process of capital accumulation that goes destructively search spaces where their reproduction may be made ever increasing scale, however, attempts to answers provided by capital in times of exacerbation of the crises that are given in the form of restructuring of the production process are no longer possible to be given, depending on the nature of the adversarial system, which shows that capitalism can only leave their previous crises piling deeper contradictions that tend, sooner or later, the blow with increasing force. The successive crises that arise as the production of its contradictory process of expansion, just accentuating the destructive elements that arise as a product of that movement "comes and goes," and the more the destructive logic of reproduction, the more it exacerbates the contradictions arising this process. What if this universe can keep up with perverse exploitation of labor is the reconfiguration of the working world in a way to extract the most value ever seen, even by resorting to violent mechanisms of extraction of surplus value, this exclusionary process and often violent exploitation of the work reflected on the working class in the form of child labor, slave labor, excessive working hours, low wages and exclusion of young and old production process. These elements present in the process of establishing the industrial structure can be clearly observed within the rough central Sergipe, where before the advance of industrial footwear axis has been accompanied by the salaried employees thereof, which has its living conditions debased by precarious employment relationships existing, which most often are shrouded by the "hand of the state", which works as an instrument of capital deleted all their labor rights historically achieved.A reestruturação produtiva se apresenta como mecanismo de saída do capital para os seus momentos de crise. O Processo de acumulação do capital que avança destrutivamente procura espaços onde a sua reprodução possa ser realizada sempre em escala crescente, entretanto, as tentativas de respostas apresentadas pelo capital nos momentos de agudização das crises que se apresentam na forma de reestruturações do processo de produção já não são mais possíveis de ser dadas, em função da própria natureza contraditória do sistema, que revela que o capitalismo só pode sair de suas crises anteriores acumulando contradições ainda mais profundas que tendiam, mais cedo ou mais tarde, a explodir com força cada vez maior. As crises sucessivas que se colocam como produção do seu processo contraditório de expansão, acaba acentuando os elementos destrutivos que surgem como produto desse movimento de vai e vem , e quanto mais se desenvolve a lógica de reprodução destrutiva, mais se acirram as contradições provenientes desse processo. O que se consegue acompanhar nesse universo perverso de exploração do trabalho é a reconfiguração do mundo do trabalho em moldes de extração da mais valia jamais visto, se recorrendo inclusive a mecanismos violentos de extração de mais valia, esse processo excludente e por vezes violento de exploração do sobre trabalho repercute para a classe trabalhadora na forma de exploração do trabalho infantil, trabalho escravo, jornada de trabalho excessiva, baixos salários e exclusão dos jovens e idosos do processo produtivo. Esses elementos presentes no processo de estabelecimento da reestruturação produtiva podem ser claramente observados no território do Agreste Central Sergipano, onde diante do avanço do eixo industrial calçadista tem-se acompanhado o assalariamento dos trabalhadores desse território que tem as suas condições de vida aviltadas pelas relações de trabalho precarizado existentes, que na maioria das vezes são encobertas pela mão do Estado , que funciona como instrumento do capital suprimido todos os seus direitos trabalhistas historicamente conquistados.
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Goulart, Fabiano de Moura. "Educação e desenvolvimento rural : desafios e perspectivas para a educação do campo em Minas Gerais, 2008-2015." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2017. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/20979.
Full textAbstract:
A pesquisa, desenvolvida no âmbito da linha Trabalho, Sociedade e Educação do
Programa de Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Educação da UFU, teve como objetivo analisar as políticas públicas de educação do campo no Brasil e, de modo específico
em Minas Gerais, e, para tanto, adotou-se o ProJovem Campo - Saberes da Terra, Saberes de Minas como objeto de estudo, no recorte temporal 2008-2015. A investigação pautou-se pelos pressupostos da pesquisa de natureza qualitativa em educação. Quanto aos objetivos, trata-se uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva e, em relação aos procedimentos de coleta de dados, a tese se desenvolveu por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com busca e análise em fontes primárias - documentos governamentais e de agências internacionais - que compõem o arcabouço técnico, jurídico e político do ProJovem Campo, bem como regulamenta e fomenta a educação pública no país e no estado de Minas Gerais, atinentes à concepção e execução do programa. Partiu-se da hipótese de que, não obstante represente avanços na elevação da escolaridade, o programa não promove a inserção autônoma, solidária e empoderada dos sujeitos no mundo do trabalho, por meio da qualificação social e profissional, como se propõe. A pesquisa permitiu a reflexão sobre a importância dos movimentos sociais no processo de construção da proposta de educação do campo, desenvolvida no contexto do modo de produção hegemônico, revelando contradições e embates entre Estado e sociedade na construção da agenda pública educativa nacional. A partir dos resultados obtidos verifica-se que o ProJovem Campo - Saberes da Terra, Saberes de Minas caracteriza-se como política de governo, atua parcial e superficialmente nas questões sócio educacionais e não resolve as limitações estruturais que estão na origem da pobreza e da baixa escolaridade das populações rurais do estado de Minas, como o acesso à terra e oportunidades de trabalho remunerado. Mesmo em face dos atuais progressos nas pesquisas sobre a educação do campo, o programa ainda se aproxima da educação rural, sobretudo pela sistemática unidirecional de sua concepção e implantação, que desconsidera as vozes daqueles aos quais se destina, o que caracteriza a práxis da educação rural introduzida no Brasil no início do século XX.The research, developed within the line Work, Society and Education of the Postgraduate Program of the Faculty of Education of UFU, had as objective to analyze the public education policies of the field in Brazil and, specifically in the state of Minas Gerais. For that, ProJovem Campo - Saberes da Terra, Saberes de Minas was adopted as object of study, in the 2008-2015 time cut. The investigation was based on the estimations of qualitative research in education. In reference to the objectives, this is an exploratory and descriptive research, and in relation to the data collection procedures, the thesis was developed through bibliographical and documentary research with search and analysis in primary sources - government documents and from international agencies - that compose the technical, legal and political framework of ProJovem Campo, as well as regulates and promotes public education in the country and in the state of Minas Gerais, regarding the design and execution of the program. It was based on the hypothesis that, despite representing advances in the increase of schooling, the program does not promote the autonomous, solidary and empowered insertion of the subjects in the world of work, through social and professional qualification, as proposed. The research allowed the deliberation on the importance of social movements in the construction process of the rural education proposal, developed in the context of the hegemonic mode of production, revealing contradictions and conflicts between State and society in the construction of the national public educational agenda. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the ProJovem Campo - Saberes da Terra, Saberes de Minas project is characterized as a government policy, acts partially and superficially on socio-educational issues and does not solve the structural limitations that lead to the origin of poverty and low levels of schooling of rural populations in the state of Minas Gerais, such as access to land and paid work opportunities. Even considering the current progress in rural education researches, the program is still approaching to rural education, mainly because of the unidirectional systematics of its design and implementation, which disregards the voices of those for whom it is intended, which characterizes the praxis of rural education introduced in Brazil at the beginning of the 20th century.
Tese (Doutorado)
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Preibisch, Kerry Lynne. "Rural women Mexico's comparative advantage : lived experiences of economic restructuring in two Puebla ejidos /." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/73489749.html.
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Chang, Kuei Hsiung, and 張貴雄. "Post-productivist Turn of Rural Area in Taiwan: Restructuring and Embeddedness of Argo-food Industry in Guanxi Town." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e9jma5.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
地理學系
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As the time passes, rural areas in Taiwan take a less significant role in the economy, and thus become peripheral in terms of economic development. To survive, the production style of Argo-food industry in rural areas has changed from productivism to post-productivism, which aim to provides extra services such as entertainment or commodity production to the society. As for official support, the central government has launched the policy “One Town, One Product”, encouraging the local government to promote rural development based on their own features. In this paper, Marsden’s economic perspectives of rural restructuring is adopted in order to discuss the transformation of argo-food industry within rural areas and the idea of ‘embeddedness’ is used to analyze the relation between argo-food industry and rural areas. In the case study, the tea industry and mesona industry in Guanxi Township was chosen as research cases and analyzed by qualitative methods to find out how local-featured agriculture affects rural development and restructuring in Taiwan. The conclusions of this research contains as follows: firstly, tea and mesona industry network demonstrate the post-productivist style of alternative agro-food network. Secondly, the tea industry no longer embedded upon Guanxi, which made the diversification of tea and mesona. Finally, tea and mesona are two major factors in argo-food industry network transformation in Guanxi.
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Todes, Alison Elaine. "Restructuring, migration and regional policy in South Africa : the case of Newcastle." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5326.
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The thesis proposed to critique the neo-liberal perspective on regional policy in South Africa, and its emphasis on areas of strength and advantage, on two grounds. First, that it neglects processes of economic restructuring, and the possibility of place-specific decline or vulnerability. However, South Africa's increasing exposure to international markets, ongoing economic crisis, and political change, provide a context in which such conditions are likely. Secondly , these concerns are marginalised through the assumption that households can and do move out of areas experiencing restructuring or decline , or from places with weak economic bases. This assumption, however, ignores the limits to mobility in the current conjuncture, and the role of place in survival. The thesis critiques these arguments theoretically, and empirically - through a brief examination of the dynamics of restructuring and migration in KwaZulu-Natal, and a more detailed analysis of the case of Newcastle . The study of KwaZulu-Natal shows broad patterns of restructuring over the century, and points to new forms of instability in the 1990s. The research demonstrates that Newcastle has experienced several rounds of restructuring. While aggregate employment was relatively stable by the end of the 1980s, there had been a significant shift in the nature of economic activity and the composition of employment. Further rounds of restructuring coupled with employment decline - occurred in the 1990s, and key industrial sectors are shown to be vulnerable. The study of migration shows that, while there is a relationship between urbanisation and economic development in KwaZulu-Natal, there are also exceptions to it, with people remaining in, and even moving to places with weak or declining economic bases. The research did not find a complete, disjuncture ' between urbanisation and economic development in Newcastle. However, as, a consequence of past investments in place and limited opportunities elsewhere, low-income households remained in Newcastle despite restructuring. The study therefore shows that restructuring and place-vulnerability are concerns in South Africa, and that migration cannot be relied upon as a corrective. These findings underpin the need for a renewed consideration of social concerns within regional policy, and for moving beyond the 'efficiency' versus 'equity' dichotomy.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 1997.
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"The Incremental Effects of Ethnically Matched Animated Agents in Restructuring the Irrational Career Beliefs of Rural Caucasian Young Women." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.25161.
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abstract: The Believe It! program developed and evaluated by Kovalski & Horan (1999) was the first interactive, multimedia, psychological-education intervention deployed on the Internet. In a controlled study, the authors reported that the ethnically diverse cartoon models were partially successful in using cognitive restructuring to promote more reasonable career beliefs among Caucasian middle-school young women. It was not clear if the program's lack of efficacy among minority young women was due to computer literacy factors affected by SES. Subsequently, three studies explored the role of matching or mismatching the ethnicity of animated agents in a graphically enhanced program with that of the young women receiving the cognitive restructuring treatment. Each of the studies used the same four outcome measures (Occupational Sex-Role Questionnaire, Believe It Measure, Career Beliefs Inventory, and the Career Myths Scale) before and after matched and mismatched participants received the Believe It! intervention. Webster (2010) analyzed data from African-American participants, Hardy (2011) Latinas, and Zhang (2013) Asian-Americans. The current study examined the matching hypothesis on a sample of ethnically isolated Caucasian young women in a rural setting. The results obtained in the three previous studies are consistent with similar research involving client and counselor dyads (e.g., Cabral & Smith, 2011). The Believe It! program had a clear impact on ethnically matched African-American young women, whereas pairings on ethnicity did not improve outcomes for either Latinas or Asian-Americans. A solitary effect on the Occupation Sex-Role Questionnaire in the current study suggests the hypothesis is worthy of further study.Dissertation/Thesis
M.A. Counseling Psychology 2014
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Gillespie, Judy Lillian. "Restructuring the child welfare dialectic : state-community interactions and communnity responses in the governance of child welfare in rural and remote localities." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/18280.
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The challenges facing child welfare and child protection systems in the 21st century are resulting in efforts to restructure their governance across western industrialized nations, including Canada. These challenges must be situated within the historic and contemporary crises in the welfare state, as well as broader questions regarding the governance of child welfare in an era of budget cutbacks and introduction of decentralized planning and service provision. A key question concerns how to understand the evolving relationship between state and communities, and the impact of restructuring on state-community relationships. This research examines efforts to restructure the governance of child welfare in three rural and remote communities in northwestern Alberta following the devolution of child welfare responsibilities from the provincial government to Regional Child and Family Service Authorities. This examination is informed by a conceptual framework that views the governance of child welfare as a set of dialectic relationships among children, parents, communities, and the state. The concept of the dialectic highlights the mutually reinforcing relationships between these various elements that are simultaneously autonomous, (inter)dependent to some degree, and parts of a whole system, in this case the system that provides for child welfare. Relationships among these elements are characterized by tensions, contradiction and conflict, making the governance of child welfare complex, problematic and constantly changing. The research focuses on the relationship between state and communities and reveals the important roles played by local cultural, institutional, and economic factors in shaping state-community interactions relevant to the decentralization of child welfare governance. The research demonstrates the importance of understanding how the complexities of intra-community relations, and intra-community change affect the way communities relate to various levels and formations of the state as decentralized governance of child welfare is structured and applied. This finding suggests that the concept of "network governance," informed by participatory governance principles, can be helpful in developing policy frameworks that effectively address the variations and complexities inherent in decentralized child welfare governance, and the high degree of institutional flexibility such governance requires.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Lasek, Adam. "Pozycja prawna gospodarstwa rolnego w polskim systemie prawnym." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3348.
Full textAbstract:
Gospodarstwo rolne jako współuczestnik rynku gospodarczego, ulokowane jest w wielopłaszczyznowej regulacji zarówno na gruncie prawa krajowego i wspólnotowego. Klasyczne ujęcie czynników produkcji (praca, kapitał oraz ziemia), klasyfikuje gospodarstwo rolne jako swoistego rodzaju przedsiębiorstwo, które objęte jest odrębną i preferencyjną regulacją prawną, z uwagi na strategiczny charakter i rolę dla każdego Państwa i funkcjonującego w nim społeczeństwa.
W pracy poruszono zagadnienia uwarunkowujące procesy legislacyjne w kontekście konkretnych zdarzeń polityczno-gospodarczych, które odzwierciedlały całokształt przybieranych przez Państwo koncepcji i modeli rolnictwa, jak również próbę wyważenie interesu prawa własności względem nakładanych obowiązków administracyjnych. Główny akcent w pracy położono na gospodarstwa rodzinne prowadzone przez rolników indywidualnych, które stanowią egzemplifikacje przyjętej normy programowej, wyrażonej w art. 23 Konstytucji Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej.
Charakteryzując metody badawcze przybrane w pracy, wymienić należy przeprowadzoną analizę w oparciu o metodę prawno-dogmatyczną, historyczną, prawno-porównawczą z elementami statystycznymi oraz analizy typu SWOT. Dwie pierwsze z nich najpełniej pozwalają wyprowadzić wnioski dotyczące czynników kształtujących ustrój rolny w Polsce. Dwie kolejne ukazują bezpośrednie relację związanie z ówczesnym rolnictwem oraz płaszczyzną ekonomiczno-społeczną-prawną.
Rozdział pierwszy został poświęcony zagadnieniom związanym z ewolucją instytucji gospodarstwa rolnego i jego prawnymi uregulowaniami. Przyjrzano się w nim źródłom pojęć oraz definicji gospodarstwa rolnego w ujęciu konstytucyjnym, administracyjnym i cywilistycznym. Podniesiono także kwestie dotyczące polityki rolnej, zasadności regulacji ochronnych i ustawowego wsparcia gospodarstw rolnych.
Rozdział drugi zawiera charakterystykę i ocenę korelacji prawa rolnego względem pozostałych dziedzin prawa. W dalszej części ukazano odrębność systemu ubezpieczeń społecznych, podatków, systemu obrotu i ochrony nieruchomości rolnych, odstępstwa rolnego oraz systemów wsparcia i ochrony zasobów środowiska naturalnego w gospodarstwach rodzinnych. Wyjątkowo istotną materią tego rozdziału jest również nadal aktualna kwestia egzekucji świadczeń pieniężnych z majątku gospodarstwa rolnego.
Rozdział trzeci odnosi się do zagadnień związanych z prawno-ekonomicznymi regulacjami wsparcia rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych, w których skoncentrowano się na tematyce wpływu WPR, założeniach EFRROW, PROW w latach lata 2014–2020 i innych systemach wsparcia dla rodzinnych gospodarstw wiejskich.
Rozdział czwarty zawiera analizę komparatystyczną ustroju i rozwiązań prawnych zapewniających wsparcie dla rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych stosowanych w Polsce i wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej.
Postawione w wstępie pracy hipotezy badawcze rozwinięto w tezach i uzasadnieniu zawartym w zakończeniu. Rozważania oparto na twierdzeniu, iż ustawodawca otacza coraz to większym zakresem regulacji tryb i funkcjonowanie gospodarstw rolnych, co determinuje pozycję prawną gospodarstwa rolnego w licznych aktach normatywnych. Wyjątkowość sektora agrarnego dodatkowo ustawodawca uwydatnia poprzez rozwinięcie oddzielnych regulacji oraz odmiennego podejścia i ujęcia sfery majątkowej rolników, jak też ich obowiązków publicznych. Wysoce rozbudowana konstrukcja instrumentów regulacyjnych stawia gospodarstwa rolne jako równoprawny podmiot gospodarczy z zapewnioną uprzywilejowaną pozycją w stosunku do silniejszych kapitałowo podmiotów na rynku gospodarki wolnorynkowej, niemniej czynniki globalizacyjne spowodowały, że do dziś wiele osób traktuje rolnictwo w sposób bagatelizujący, wynikający najprawdopodobniej z niezrozumienia znaczenia i specyfiki tego sektora, w stosunku do ogólnoświatowej części systemu gospodarczego.An agricultural holding as a co-participant of the economic market, is located in a multifaceted regulation both on the basis of national and EU law. The classic view of production factors (labor, capital and land) classifies an agricultural holding as a kind of enterprise, which is covered by a separate and preferential legal regulation, due to its strategic character and role for each State and the society functioning in it. In the dissertation issues were raised related to legislative processes in the context of specific political and economic events, which reflected the entirety of concepts and models of agriculture adopted by State, as well as an attempt to the balance between interest of property rights with imposed administrative obligations. The main emphasis was put on family farms conducted by individual farmers, which is exemplifications of the accepted program norm, expressed in art. 23 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Characterizing the research methods adopted at work, mention should be made of the analysis based on the legal-dogmatic, historical, legal-comparative method with statistical elements and SWOT analysis. The first two of them allows to draw the most complete conclusions about the factors shaping the agricultural system in Poland. Two next shown a direct relation with the then agriculture and the economic-social-legal plane. The first chapter was devoted to issues related to the evolution of an agricultural institution and its legal regulations. It looked at the sources of concepts and definitions of a farm in constitutional, administrative and civilian terms. Also raised issues related to: agricultural policy, the legitimacy of protective regulations and statutory support for farms. The second chapter contains the characteristics and assessment of the correlation of agricultural law in relation to other areas of law. In the following, the author shows separateness of the social security system, taxes, the system of trade and protection of agricultural real estate, agricultural exemption and support and protection systems for natural resources in family farms. An extremely important matter of this chapter is also the current issue of the judicial execution of cash benefits from farm property. The third chapter refers to issues related to legal and economic regulations for supporting family farms, which focus on the impact of the CAP, EAFRD objectives, RDPs in the years 2014-2020 and other support systems for family rural households. The fourth chapter contains a comparative analysis of the system and legal solutions that provide support for family farms used in Poland and selected European Union countries. The research hypotheses put forward in the introduction were developed in the theses and substantiation contained in the conclusion. The considerations were based on the claim that the legislator surrounds the mode and functioning of farms holdings by increasing range of regulation, what determines the legal position of an agricultural holding in numerous normative acts. The legislator emphasizes the uniqueness of the agrarian sector by developing separate regulations and different approach and recognition of the farmers property sphere, as well as their public duties. The highly developed construction of regulatory instruments places agricultural holdings as an equal economic entity, with a privileged position in relation to stronger capital market players in free market economy. However, globalization factors have caused that many people still treat agriculture in a downplaying manner, probably resulting from a misunderstanding of the importance and specificity of this sector in relation to the global economic system.