Journal articles on the topic 'Rural renewal – Colombia'
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1
Poveda, G., and K. Pineda. "Reassessment of Colombia's tropical glaciers retreat rates: are they bound to disappear during the 2010–2020 decade?" Advances in Geosciences 22 (December 14, 2009): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-22-107-2009.
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Abstract. Clear-cut evidences of global environmental change in Colombia are discussed for diverse hydro-climatic records, and illustrated herein for increasing minimum temperature and decreasing annual maximum river flows records. As a consequence, eight tropical glaciers disappeared from the Colombian Andes during the 20th century, and the remaining six have experienced alarming retreat rates during the last decade. Here we report an updated estimation of retreat rates in the six remaining glacierized mountain ranges of Colombia for the period 1987–2007, using Landsat TM and TM+ imagery. Analyses are performed using detailed pre-processing, processing and post-processing satellite imagery techniques. Alarming retreat rates are confirmed in the studied glaciers, with an overall area shrinkage from 60 km2 in 2002, to 55.4 km2 in 2003, to less than 45 km2 in 2007. Assuming such linear loss rate (~3 km2 per year), for the near and medium term, the total collapse of the Colombian glaciers can be foreseen by 2022, but diverse physical mechanisms discussed herein would exacerbate the shrinkage processes, thus prompting us to forecast a much earlier deadline by the late 2010–2020 decade, long before the 100 years foreseen by the 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. This forecast demands detailed monitoring studies of mass and energy balances. Our updated estimations of Colombia's glacier retreat rates posse serious challenges for highly valuable ecosystem services, including water supply of several large cities and hundreds of rural settlements along the Colombian Andes, but also for cheap and renewable hydropower generation which provides 80% of Colombia's demand. Also, the identified changes threaten the survivability of unique and fragile ecosystems like paramos and cloud forests, in turn contributing to exacerbate social unrest and ongoing environmental problems in the tropical Andes which have been identified as the most critical hotspot for biodiversity on Earth. Colombia requires support from the global adaptation fund to develop research, and to design policies, strategies and tools to cope with these urgent social and environmental threats.
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Moreno, Christian, Adalberto Ospino-Castro, and Carlos Robles-Algarín. "Decision-Making Support Framework for Electricity Supply in Non-Interconnected Rural Areas Based on FAHP." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 5 (September 27, 2022): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12913.
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The implementation of electrification programs in non-interconnected rural areas in Colombia is a challenge for the country in order to reduce the social gap in these regions. This task is responsibility of the Mining and Energy Planning Unit (UPME), which has as challenges the implementation of renewable energy projects that allow diversifying the national energy matrix. For this reason, this paper proposes a support framework for multicriteria decision-making in the electricity supply of non-interconnected rural areas for the Colombian Caribbean Region. The multicriteria method of the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (FAHP) was used, which allows the incorporation of a fuzzy triangular scale to improve the imprecision in the judgments made by experts. A hierarchical structure with 6 renewable energy alternatives, 4 criteria and 16 sub-criteria was designed, which allowed the implementation of a paired comparison survey that was answered by 10 experts from the region. The results obtained show the relevance of all alternatives, which is evidenced by a percentage difference of less than 5% between all the options. The best alternative was solar PV (20,27%). Regarding the criteria, the most relevant were economic (39,6%) and environmental (30,8%). The most relevant sub-criterion was the renewable fraction, related to the possible reuse of equipment (20,2%).
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Silva Herran, Diego, and Toshihiko Nakata. "Renewable technologies for rural electrification in Colombia: a multiple objective approach." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 2, no. 1 (April 11, 2008): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506220810859132.
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Rodriguez Zabala, Alejandra, Dahiana López-García, Sandra Ximena Carvajal-Quintero, and Adriana Arango Manrique. "A Comprehensive Review of Sustainability in Isolated Colombian Microgrids." Tecnura 25, no. 70 (October 1, 2021): 126–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/22487638.18619.
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Context: The increase in rural electrification projects has led to the emergence of technologies that allow operating local distribution networks such as isolated microgrids. However, the successful implementation of these isolated microgrids requires that their planning, operation, monitoring, and control consider a framework that allows maintaining technical, economic, and environmental sustainability over an extended time horizon. Therefore, this paper proposes a model that allows identifying the main technical, economic, regulatory, and environmental variables that should be considered for the successful planning of Colombian rural electrification solutions. Methodology: This paper proposes the use of System Dynamics to create a model that allows describing the causal relationships between the different variables essential for the design and operation of isolated microgrids. To this effect, the identification of the related variables and their corresponding classification are presented, together with a model of theoretical expectations about their relationships. Results: A model that integrates and describes the behavior of the main variables involved in the operation of microgrids was formulated to analyze the possible implementation of policies that guarantee the sustainability of these solutions and enhance the use of renewable energy resources while improving the continuity of the electric energy supply. Conclusions: It was possible to show that operation by means of isolated microgrids with the integration of Distributed Energy Resources is a sustainable solution for rural electrification in Colombia, given that it enhances the use of generation resources with a reduced carbon footprint that are present in the territories under study. These microgrids have the potential to improve the living conditions of users by reducing unsatisfied basic needs. Funding: Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Manizales.
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Villegas Quiceno, Adriana Patricia, Victor Hugo Aristizabal Tique, Oscar Felipe Arbelaez Pérez, Ramón Fernado Colmenares Quintero, and Francisco Javier Vélez Hoyos. "Development of riverine hydrokinetic energy systems in Colombia and other world regions: a review of case studies." DYNA 88, no. 217 (May 22, 2021): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v88n217.93098.
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At a global level, hydrokinetic power has been considered as a renewable energy source, and it has become an attractive alternative for the rural electrification of non-interconnected areas with the presence of water resources. Aspects such as the low rural electrification rate, the increase in energy demand, the decrease in fossil reserves and the climate change, are some of the factors that have driven the use of this technology for the electricity production. The aim of this work is to give a review of the hydrokinetic energy potential of water resources, the requirements and impacts of the implementation of hydrokinetic technology in different countries, and the current development in the Colombian case. At present, it can be observed that the implementation of this technology in different regions of the world, especially in Colombia, has several challenges and barriers, including gaps in knowledge, information and data, such as well as limitations of water resources and infrastructure, finally, impacting on a low adoption of this technology. On the other hand, publications on studies of implementation and potential of hydrokinetic technology have been increasing over time, indicating that this topic has been gaining interest despite the challenges.
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Guignard, Nathan, Christian Cristofari, Vincent Debusschere, Lauric Garbuio, and Tina Le Mao. "Micro Pumped Hydro Energy Storage: Sketching a Sustainable Hybrid Solution for Colombian Off-Grid Communities." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 16734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416734.
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Currently, electricity generation in off-grid communities is done through polluting and often inefficient diesel generators. When renewable energies are implemented, they are often coupled with chemical batteries, whose specificities do not fit well with remote and harsh environments. As a more sustainable alternative, this paper looks at micro pumped hydro energy storage coupled with solar photovoltaic production. Rural electrification in Colombia is selected as the best potential context for such a solution. Several electrical machines are considered for energy conversion (associated with one pump also utilized as turbine for robustness and cost reasons) and rated over-dedicated criteria: reactive power, efficiency, price, flexibility of power intake, complexity, and robustness. This sketching phase highlights two machines, induction and permanent magnet synchronous machines, both coupled with a variable frequency drive. Two microgrid configurations are also selected that best suit this storage technology to the needs of Colombian non-interconnected zones. A pursuit of low-tech, robust solutions is carried in this paper for reasons of costs, maintenance, and local appropriation.
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Stienen, Angela. "(Re)claiming territory: Colombia's “territorial-peace” approach and the city." Geographica Helvetica 75, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 285–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-75-285-2020.
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Abstract. This article observes the Latin American debate on “territory” through the lens of the “territorial-peace” approach agreed in the peace accord between the Colombian government and the FARC guerrillas in 2016. It explores the different notions of territory entailed in this concept and shows that the territorial-peace approach builds on a political-programmatic understanding of territory due to its rural focus. An ethnographic analysis of the urban renewal programme PRIMED, implemented at the disputed urban periphery of Colombia's second city, Medellín, in the 1990s, demonstrates how this programme anticipated the idea of territorial peace in a conflictive urban context. The ethnography reveals the ambiguities and inconsistencies of the production of urban territory, both as state space and as the space of subaltern social groups, through territorial peacebuilding. The discussion why PRIMED challenges the political-programmatic understanding of territory in the territorial-peace debate concludes with highlighting why it makes a difference approaching territorial peace as a “political project to be achieved” or as an unpredictable process of territorialisation and why this distinction matters if the territorial-peace approach is to be extended to urban contexts.
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Presta-Novello, Déborah, Natalia Andrea Salazar-Camacho, Liliana Delgadillo-Mirquez, Héctor Mauricio Hernández-Sarabia, and Mónica del Pilar Álvarez-Bustos. "Sustainable Development in the Colombian Post-Conflict—The Impact of Renewable Energies in Coffee-Growing Women." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021618.
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Coffee is one of the most representative agricultural products in Colombia; several factors related to how it is produced, processed and marketed make it particularly important in post-conflict situations. The cultivation of coffee has acquired a very important role in the post-conflict stage that Colombia is experiencing. The rural areas hit hardest by violence are now seeing how improving agricultural conditions can help promote sustainable development and build peace in their regions. In coffee processing, women play an important role, with between 20% and 30% of coffee farms around the world being female-operated and up to 70% of labor in coffee production being provided by women. Women not only contribute to coffee processing, but they are also responsible for family activities such as cooking, and those activities are often made in wood stoves, thereby increasing their health risk. Against this background, this study presents the design and implementation of a biodigester fed by waste produced at Coffee Production Units (CPUs) located in the rural area of Tolima department in Colombia (an important scene of the armed conflict) in order to produce biogas for domestic cooking activities. Results show that implemented biodigester can produce between 1362 and 1597 kg/day (1.1704 and 1.3604 Nm3/day), which is enough energy for domestic activities for a family of four. Furthermore, it demonstrates benefits in the economic, social and environmental context of CPUs. Additionally, due to the importance of women in coffee production, this paper also evaluates the impact of the implementation of biodigesters in farms, which has shown that biodigester implementation positively impacts the production activities and activities performed by women, thereby increasing their life quality.
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López-García, Dahiana, Adriana Arango-Manrique, and Sandra X. Carvajal-Quintero. "Integration of distributed energy resources in isolated microgrids: the Colombian paradigm." TecnoLógicas 21, no. 42 (May 14, 2018): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22430/22565337.774.
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The electrification of rural or isolated areas coupled with increasing environmental concerns have promoted the emergence of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and the operation by isolated microgrids. However, the integration of such resources involves technical issues related to the reliability and continuity of the electricity supply. Indeed, the uncertainty of renewable generation sources and the reduced inertia of isolated microgrids are challenges for the operation of these distribution systems. One way to address them is by providing ancillary services through all the resources involved in the system’s operation (generation assets, demand share, and storage systems). Accordingly, this paper first presents a literature review of the challenges and potential benefits of integrating DERs into the operation of a distribution system. It also includes some common strategies to mitigate the vulnerability of the introduction of these technologies in microgrids. Afterwards, the current state of each type of resource in Colombia is assessed. Finally, some basic strategies that enhance the benefits of DER integration are outlined along with the overcoming of challenges of microgrid operation in said country. To that end, we consider isolated Colombian regions to be natural laboratories where the effects of DER integration and the requirements for the operation by local production units can be analyzed.
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Rojas Suarez, Jhan Piero, Mawency Vergel Ortega, and Sofia Orjuela Abril. "Study of the application of energy generation systems with mini hydroelectric." Revista Boletín Redipe 10, no. 4 (April 26, 2021): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36260/rbr.v10i4.1271.
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Year after year, environmental studies show exponential growth in greenhouse gas emissions from thermos-electric plants and generators that use fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, among others. This highlights the importance of an urgent calling to countries for developing to the maximum the implementation of clean and renewable energy. Being Colombia, the 4th country in the world to have a wide hydraulic capacity, it is one of the poorest in the implementation of regulations and incentives, by government entities, for the use of this resource in the generation of renewable energy, governments like China, they have understood the advantage that the use of these energy alternatives implies, being pioneers in the implementation of small plants in rural areas where access to electricity grids is difficult. The development of this type of generators opens up a range of opportunities for Colombia, but the most interesting is the possibility of diversifying the energy matrix and the advantage of being able to reach small communities and towns that do not have this benefit, such as electrical energy. At this point, the implementation of the mini-micro power stations is key, which is perfect for meeting these needs.
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Rodrigo-Ilarri, Javier, Camilo-A. Vargas-Terranova, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero, and Paula-A. Bustos-Castro. "Advances on the Implementation of Circular Economy Techniques in Rural Areas in Colombia under a Sustainable Development Framework." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 3816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073816.
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For the first time in the scientific literature, this research shows an analysis of the implementation of circular economy techniques under sustainable development framework in six municipalities with a depressed economy in Colombia. The analysis is based on solid waste data production at a local scale, the valuation of the waste for subsequent recycling, and the identification and quantification of the variables associated with the treatment and final disposal of waste, in accordance with the Colombian regulatory framework. Waste generation data are obtained considering three different scenarios, in which a comparison between the simulated values and those established in the management plans are compared. Important differences have been identified between the waste management programs of each municipality, specifically regarding the components of waste collection, transportation and disposal, participation of environmental reclaimers, and potential use of materials. These differences are fundamentally associated with the different administrative processes considered for each individual municipality. This research is a good starting point for the development of waste management models based on circular economy techniques, through the subsequent implementation of an office tool in depressed regions such as those studied.
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Guzmán Rincón, Alfredo, Sandra Barragán, and Favio Cala Vitery. "Rurality and Dropout in Virtual Higher Education Programmes in Colombia." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094953.
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As part of the 2030 Agenda, higher education has been conceptualised as one of the ways to overcome the social disparities experienced in rural areas in Colombia. Thus, in concordance with the benefits of this level of education, the state has been designing public policies during the last few years, in order to facilitate access to undergraduate programmes to these populations, focusing mainly on the implementation of the virtual modality. In this context, it is recognised that access itself is not enough, but that continuance and timely graduation are required to materialise the benefits obtained along with a higher education degree; hence, dropout is a subject of interest for study, especially due to the high rates existing in the rural student population. Therefore, the event of dropout becomes an obstacle to social change and transformation in rural areas. Thus, this article aimed to identify which individual, institutional, academic and socio-economic characteristics influence rural student dropout in virtual undergraduate programmes in Colombia. For this purpose, an exploratory, quantitative and cross-sectional study was proposed, with a sample of 291 students to whom a student characterisation instrument and a classroom evaluation instrument were applied. With these data, it was proceeded to establish which of them had deserted, constituting the extraction of the sample of the study, which were 168. With the information, an exploratory factor analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and descriptive statistics were used to establish which explanatory variables are involved in the dropout of this type of student. The results showed that the academic variables analysed do not have an impact on the event, while marital status (associated with family obligations), age, social stratum, work obligations, parents’ level of education and type of work, income and type of employment relationship of the student, and, finally, the number of people who depend on the family’s income do.
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Torres-Madroñero, José Luis, Jorge Mario Tamayo-Avendaño, Santiago Bernal-del Río, Julián Sierra-Pérez, César Nieto-Londoño, Ricardo Mejía-Gutiérrez, and Gilberto Osorio-Gómez. "Formulation and simulation of a hybrid solar PV-wind generation system with photovoltaic concentration for non-interconnected areas to the energy grid." E3S Web of Conferences 181 (2020): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018102002.
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Different isolated systems with conventional generation sources are installed in Non-Interconnected Areas (ZNI) in Colombia while off-grid renewable systems are a trending answer for the energy supply in these regions. The complementarity between different energy sources, a storage system and adequate control can substantially improve the reliability of isolated generation systems. In this context, the sizing of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) by means of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is presented, considering the wind and solar resources specific to a representative rural location in Colombia. The methodology involves power curves for small wind turbines and the model for photovoltaic solar panels. The preliminary output consists of a weighted distribution for each technology, either wind or conventional photovoltaics, and is constrained by the Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) and the Levelized Cost Of Electricity (LCOE). A second step consists of the optimization of the installed area for photovoltaic generation, considering a Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) system and aiming to maintain the initial fraction of generation for this resource. Finally, an analysis is performed on the reduction of area for solar generation to the increase in costs derived from the use of concentrators and other penalties associated with this technology.
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Gómez-Cabrera, Adriana, Amalia Sanz-Benlloch, Laura Montalban-Domingo, Jose Luis Ponz-Tienda, and Eugenio Pellicer. "Identification of Factors Affecting the Performance of Rural Road Projects in Colombia." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 7377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187377.
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Rural roads play an indispensable role in economic and social well-being, especially in developing countries, contributing to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. For this reason, it is necessary to plan these projects properly to guarantee their success. In this line, the objective of this research is to identify significant variables generating overruns in time and cost using empirical data of 535 rural road projects in Colombia from 2015 to 2018. Bivariate analysis, with statistical tools like Spearman’s Rho and Kruskal–Wallis, allowed identifying that higher values of variables like budget and project intensity are related to higher deviations in cost and time. Additionally, it was found that projects with shorter durations are reporting higher time overruns. The worst performers are projects executed in the year that council mayors start their terms, those developed in municipalities with more resources, and those awarded using a competitive bidding process. Multivariate analysis, through Random Forest, assessed the effect of considering all variables interacting simultaneously and ranking them in order of importance. The results demonstrated a relationship between cost and time performance, and that numerical variables are more significant than the categorical ones. This study contributes to a better understanding of the causes of delays and cost overruns on rural roads, providing useful insight for researchers and industry practitioners.
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Arango-Manrique, Adriana, Dahiana López-García, César Arango-Lemoine, and Sandra Ximena Carvajal-Quintero. "Business Model Proposal for Energy Transition towards Operational and Economic Sustainability for Rural Electrification: Colombian Case." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084308.
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This study focuses on strategic development for incorporating distributed energy resources into the electrical off-grid power system operator, or isolated microgrids, to guarantee sustainability and energy transition by an adapted business model. A business model canvas was adapted to allow sustainability in an off-grid Colombian microgrid by integrating distributed energy resources with voltage and frequency control as ancillary services; support services that maintain the stability and security of energy supply in isolated rural electrification. The business model canvas was studied with government funds, who cover all the costs associated with making the model attractive and sustainable in a Colombian context, and some proposed technical incentives to analyze the profitability and guarantee the sustainability of rural electrification. The proposed modified business model canvas offers a useful tool for supporting microgrid market scheme development to include distributed energy resources in a Colombian case. The model showed the importance of motivating investors and increasing profitability by including a value proposition based on technical contributions that benefit the microgrid operation; by around 80%. These benefits can solve some stability problems, including ancillary services, like frequency and voltage support, using distributed energy resources. Finally, integrating rural electrification in off-grid zones into the national energy regulation system is vital for incentivizing sustainable projects in rural zones, such as microgrids.
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Rodriguez, R., G. Osma, and G. Ordoñez. "Sizing of a Scattered Housing Microgrid in a Remote Rural Area." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.214.
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Power solutions for remote rural regions are mainly based on generator sets or individualized generation systems per household. These solutions have low reliability and high financial and environmental costs, especially those involving fossil fuels. However, current solutions incorporate hybrid systems with renewable energy sources to reduce pollutant gas emissions and costs and increase the reliability and robustness of power generation. These hybrid systems can be considered micro-grid (MG) and could contribute to energizing remote noninterconnected areas. However, implementing MGs in these regions must challenge energizing dispersed households. Thus, both the sizing of the generation and distribution systems must be considered to guarantee the correct operation of the MG and a low cost. This paper explores coordinated sizing between the power sources and the distribution system to address the challenges of energizing remote areas with dispersed loads through MG. It presents a literature review on energization strategies for remote regions and proposes coordinated MG sizing. Finally, it applies coordinated sizing to a case study in Colombia. The sizing is approached as a mixed-integer nonlinear integer programming optimization problem and is solved by a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.
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Cruz, M. L., T. R. Preston, and A. W. Speedy. "Protein sources for monogastric and ruminant livestock in the cauca valley of colombia." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960001134x.
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Almost all attempts to improve animal production systems in developing countries have failed because they relied on the transfer of technologies from developed countries. Livestock production systems in industrialized conuntries have high rates of animal productivity, which at the same time require high quality feeds, rich in energy and protein. Most developed countries are located in temperate climates in which cereals and high quality feeds and grains can be readily grown and have the currency to provide all the fossil fuel inputs required.In order for Third World countries, located mostly in tropical regions, to adapt these systems, they must import exotic livestock and provide the high level of feeding at high cost. The transferred system has led to a loss of interest in indigenous breeds and local resources.It is clear that there is a great need for new rural development strategies that should take into account not only food production but also renewable energy resources, employment generation, self reliance and protection of the enviroment. This strategy includes selection of crops and cropping systems which maximize biomass production, nitrogen fixation and minimize the use of imported or expensive inputs.
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Acuna, Maria, Carlos Silva, Andrés Tocaruncho, Diana Vargas, Diego Patiño, David Barrera, and Johan Peña. "Operational Planning of Energy for Non-Interconnected Zones: A Simulation-Optimization Approach and a Case Study to Tackle Energy Poverty in Colombia." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 2789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102789.
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There is a need to look for alternative sources of renewable energy, especially in zones where people continue to live under energy poverty conditions. Consequently, to enhance the performance of energy systems, algorithms to support planning decisions are required. This article proposes a simulation-optimization framework to solve the stochastic version of the integrated energy dispatch and unit commitment problem for a solar radiation system operating in non-interconnected zones. Our study was motivated by challenges faced by a rural school located in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Particularly, a simulation with optimization-based iterations approach is used, modeling solar radiation as a random variable. The optimization phase uses a heuristic procedure that enables good solutions to be found in short computational times. To test our method, computational experiments were conducted using a set of randomly generated cases. The results suggest that our approach is useful and able to handle the random nature of the process for the school “Volcanes”. Additionally, we were able to quantify the impact that using a deterministic approach has on service levels for such systems. The novelty of the article lies in the proposed method and its application to a rural school with a low-budget system.
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Valbuena, Diego, Julien G. Chenet, and Daniel Gaitán-Cremaschi. "Options to Support Sustainable Trajectories in a Rural Landscape: Drivers, Rural Processes, and Local Perceptions in a Colombian Coffee-Growing Region." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 13026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313026.
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Trajectories of many rural landscapes in Latin America remain unsustainable. Options to support sustainable rural trajectories should be comprehensive and rooted in the interests of rural actors. We selected a municipality in a coffee-growing region in Colombia with an increasing urban–rural nexus to describe interactions between rural processes and their drivers while identifying and contextualising the perceptions of local actors on major constraints and opportunities for more inclusive and sustainable rural trajectories. We described these interactions by combining secondary data on main drivers, agricultural census data, and interviews with different local actors. Changes in population structure, volatility in coffee prices, in-/out-migration, deagrarianisation, and rurbanisation, among others, are reconfiguring the rural trajectories of the study area. Despite not being a major coffee region, farmers in the study area have developed different strategies, including intensification, diversification, replacement or abandonment of coffee production, and commercialisation. The perceptions of local actors and the multiplicity of agricultural households, food/land use systems, rural processes, and drivers described in this study suggest that more sustainable rural transitions need to be supported by inclusive, integrated, and transformative landscape planning approaches that align with local priorities. However, this transformation needs to be accompanied by changes at a systemic level that address the fundamental bottlenecks to real sustainability.
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Moreno Rocha, Christian Manuel, Jose Ricardo Nunez Alvarez, Daniel A. Diaz Castillo, Esnaider D. Florian Domingue, and Juan Camilo Barrera Hernandez. "Implementation of the Hierarchical Analytical Process in the Selection of the Best Source of Renewable Energy in the Colombian Caribbean Region." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 2 (March 20, 2022): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12537.
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In this study, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology is implemented to provide decision criteria in the selection, planning, and development of electric power generation projects from renewable energy sources in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Six sources of renewable energy; biomass combustion; anaerobic digestion of biomass; biogas landfills; waste incineration; Photovoltaic energy and solar thermal radiation were considered in this study due to their energy potential in rural areas and areas not interconnected to the national electricity system. To determine the order of priority in the development of energy conversion technologies, a questionnaire was developed and sent to a group of experts. Given the need to generate electricity sustainably, the information was analyzed under four main criteria: technical, environmental, social, and economic. Sixteen additional sub-criteria were selected based on a literature review. In general, the economic criterion is the most relevant in the area due to the high investment and operating costs of electricity generation. The social criterion highlights the opportunity to create new jobs, while the environmental criterion highlights the component of substitution of renewable energy, a key aspect in the diversification of the energy matrix, which is part of the country's political agenda. Regarding the technological component, photovoltaic energy seems the most favorable due to its low environmental impact and the considerable reduction in prices experienced by the solar panel market in recent years.
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Hernández, Héctor Eduardo, Gustavo Adolfo Gutiérrez, Isabel Gutiérrez-Montes, Juan Carlos Suárez, Hernán J. Andrade, Angie Paola Bernal, Fernando Casanoves, and Cornelia Butler Flora. "How Close Are We to Self-Provisioning? A Look at the Livelihood Strategies of Rural Households in the Southern Andean Region of Colombia." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 2504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052504.
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Production for self-provisioning contributes to food security in rural territories; however, studies have indicated that this capacity is limited. We analyzed the impact of livelihood strategies on self-provisioning conditions in 162 rural households in the department of Huila, Colombia. We analyzed: a. source of foods; b. composition of home gardens; c. push and pull factors towards self-provisioning. We found that rural households are 79% dependent on grocery stores for their food. Only 51% of households have a home garden, with limited plant species diversity. Capacity for self-provisioning varies according to the livelihood strategies and capitals endowment of the household. Those households with a greater diversity of agricultural activities have higher capacity for self-provisioning. Conditions that are often the main objective of rural development programs, such as improving the economic income of families, turn out to be contradictory to the capacity to produce the food itself. For example, the larger the area to grow crops or keep livestock and the better the economic income, the greater the external dependence on food.
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Gil-Barragan, Juan M., and María José López-Sánchez. "The Fast Lane of Internationalization of Latin American SMEs: A Location-Based Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 13, 2021): 3162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063162.
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This paper examines how the institutional environment (from a multi-level approach) and the moderating role of innovation networks and rural location explain which mechanism (institutional fostering or escapism) underlies the phenomenon of accelerated internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises. By analyzing a dataset of 2289 firms from Argentina, Colombia, and Peru, the results suggest that the access of strategic resources and capabilities may either reinforce an institutional fostering or institutional escapism effect. The findings show that institutional fostering is associated with formal institutional voids and rural location, while institutional escapism is associated with local informal institutions, corporate sustainability certifications, and innovation networks. The institutional escapism effect is higher for firms that have social or environmental certifications. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Sierra-Barón, Willian, Oscar Navarro, Diana Katherine Amézquita Naranjo, Eylyn Daniela Teres Sierra, and Carol Marcela Narváez González. "Beliefs about Climate Change and Their Relationship with Environmental Beliefs and Sustainable Behavior: A View from Rural Communities." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 5326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095326.
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The study of beliefs and environmental behavior is of special interest, given the implications of climate change as a social phenomenon and the disagreements about what is socially believed about this phenomenon. This research was aimed at determining the associations between environmental beliefs and sustainable behavior in a group of inhabitants of southern Colombia. The methodology was exploratory and cross-sectional, with descriptive and correlational analyses. The sample was made up of 368 people from two regions in southern Colombia (57.5% female and 42.5% male); their ages ranged between 18 and 69 years (X = 19.36; SD = 8.59). Information was collected with questionnaires that measured climate change risk perception, environmental beliefs, and sustainable behavior. The results show higher scores for equitable behavior and environmental beliefs. Environmental beliefs—egobiocentrism—and risk perception of climate change predict both sustainable and pro-ecological behavior, as well as altruistic, frugal, and equitable behavior. It is concluded that the presence of environmental beliefs, along with information regarding a sense of environmental deterioration, climate change and the consequences for the future, can predict the implementation of actions for sustainable development.
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Domínguez, Oviedo-Ocaña, Hurtado, Barón, and Hall. "Assessing Sustainability in Rural Water Supply Systems in Developing Countries Using a Novel Tool Based on Multi-Criteria Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 27, 2019): 5363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195363.
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Rural water supply systems (RWSS) in developing countries typically have deficiencies that threaten their sustainability. This research used Multi-Criteria Analysis and the Analytical Hierarchy Process to identify indicators that can be used to assess the sustainability of RWSS. The assessment tool developed is composed of 17 attributes with 95 quantifiable indicators. The tool enables the assessment of the sustainability of RWSS, using data collected through semi-structured interviews, social cartography, technical inspection, household surveys, and water monitoring. The tool was applied in a case study of a RWSS in the Andean region of Colombia, illustrating a participatory, holistic, and structured assessment that provided a single sustainability measure for the system (3.0/5.0). The tool’s completeness is represented by its extensive attributes and indicators that deliver a robust baseline on the state of a system, help identify improvement strategies, and monitor system performance over time that can assists rural community organizations with RWSS management.
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Guzmán, Alfredo, Sandra Barragán, and Favio Cala-Vitery. "Comparative Analysis of Dropout and Student Permanence in Rural Higher Education." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 8871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148871.
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The growing dropout and low permanence of rural students in higher education has become a central problem in the education system, both affecting the quality conditions of training programmes and preventing the materialisation of the benefits that achieving this educational level entails for society. However, the study of these events in rural populations is scarce, resulting in an inadequate treatment of dropout and, consequently, the impossibility of consolidating student permanence. Thus, the aim of this article is to identify which individual, academic, socio-economic, and institutional variables influence the dropout and the retention of the rural student population in higher education. To achieve this purpose, a cross-sectional study was defined. The sample used was a non-probabilistic sample with an n of 269 rural Colombian students who were administered a self-report questionnaire that assessed 59 variables. Data analysis was based on means comparison and cluster modelling. The results show that dropout and permanence in rural students is related to the educational level of the father, family and work obligations, the need to move from their place of residence, the academic average in higher education, satisfaction with the choice of programme, communication with the institution, and the attention of teachers, among other things.
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Santa-Maria, Monica, A. A. Ruiz-Colorado, Gaston Cruz, and Tina Jeoh. "Assessing the Feasibility of Biofuel Production from Lignocellulosic Banana Waste in Rural Agricultural Communities in Peru and Colombia." BioEnergy Research 6, no. 3 (April 16, 2013): 1000–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-013-9333-4.
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Schubert, Rauchecker, Caballero Calvo, and Schütt. "Land Use Changes and Their Perception in the Hinterland of Barranquilla, Colombian Caribbean." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 6729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236729.
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The coastal strip of the western peri-urban area of Barranquilla in the Atlántico Department (Colombia) is experiencing changes in human-environment interactions through infrastructure, residential, and tourism projects in a vulnerable landscape. In the hilly area, fragments of biodiverse tropical dry forest still exist in various states of conservation and degradation. To understand the interrelated social, economic, and ecological transformations in the area, we analyzed land use change on the local scale including the local community’s perception, because the local community is a key actor for sustainable land use. For the analysis of the interrelated social, economic, and ecological processes, we combined visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery, on-site field land use mapping, and a spatial statistical analysis of the distribution of land use classes with in-depth interviews and a participatory GIS workshop, thus benefitting from the complementary methodological strengths of these approaches. The case study is the rural community of El Morro, which exhibits the typical social, economic, and ecological changes of the coastal strip of the western peri-urban area of Barranquilla. The local community perceives a continuous loss of forest area, but observations from on-site field mapping cannot confirm this linear trend. We observed a gradual replacement of traditional land uses such as smallholder agriculture, charcoal production, and cattle breeding by services for tourism, gated community projects for urban dwellers, and infrastructure projects; these spatial developments have several characteristics of rural gentrification. We conclude that the drivers of environmental degradation have changed and the degradation increased. The development projects of external companies have been rejected by the local community and have induced environmental consciousness among community members. Thus, the local community has become an advocate for sustainable land use in the study area.
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Balaguera, Alejandra, Jaume Alberti, Gloria I. Carvajal, and Pere Fullana-i-Palmer. "Stabilising Rural Roads with Waste Streams in Colombia as an Environmental Strategy Based on a Life Cycle Assessment Methodology." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052458.
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Roads with low traffic volume link rural settlements together and connect them with urban centres, mobilising goods and agricultural products, and facilitating the transportation of people. In Colombia, most of these roads are in poor conditions, causing social, economic, and environmental problems, and significantly affecting the mobility, security, and economic progress of the country and its inhabitants. Therefore, it is essential to implement strategies to improve such roads, keeping in mind technical, economic, and environmental criteria. This article shows the results of the application of the environmental life cycle assessment—LCA—to sections of two low-traffic roads located in two different sites in Colombia: one in the Urrao area (Antioquia), located in the centre of the country; and another in La Paz (Cesar), located in the northeast of the country. Each segment was stabilised with alternative materials such as brick dust, fly ash, sulfonated oil, and polymer. The analysis was carried out in three stages: the first was the manufacture of the stabiliser; the second included preliminary actions that ranged from the search for the material to its placement on site; and the third was the stabilisation process, which included the entire application process, from the stabiliser to the road. The environmental impacts are mainly found in the manufacture of stabilisers (60% of the total), for sulfonated oil or polymer, due to the different compounds used during production, before their use as stabilisers. The impact categories with the greatest influence were abiotic depletion potential (ADP), global warming potential (GWP) and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential (TETP). For the stabilisation stage (impact between 40% and 99%), ash and brick dust have the highest impacts. The impact categories most influenced in this stage were: acidification potential (AP), freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential (FAETP), human toxicity potential (HTP), marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential (MAETP) and photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP).
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Rocha, Christian Manuel Moreno, David Fernandez Perez, Jesus Rodriguez Retamoza, Jorge Silva Ortega, Denis Brieva Bohorquez, and Luis Taborda Catalan. "Evaluation, Hierarchy and Selection of the best Source of Energy by using AHP, as a Proposed Solution to an Energy and Socio-economic Problem, in the case of Colombia’s Pacific Zone." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 5 (September 27, 2022): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13448.
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This research presents the process and the results to weigh and classify a set of criteria and subcriteria to be considered in Renewable Energy Planning projects for a particular area of Colombia. The implementation of electrification programs in the study area faces various obstacles, among them the inadequate selection of criteria and sub-criteria for assessing the relevance and credibility of the implemented projects, which is very important today, causing huge losses from many points of view. It is proposed to implement a multicriteria methodology (MMCM) that prioritizes criteria and subcriteria, the selected methodology is applied to the use of renewable and conventional energy sources in urban, rural,and isolated regions, one of the most used methods in the best selection process and also when making energy decisions. The Hierarchy Analysis Process (AHP) is used, the data is obtained from a survey to a group of experts with a collection and verification period of about 4 months, only to reduce inaccuracies on the developer side. This study explains the results obtained with a new multipurpose support system that helps to prioritize the most appropriate energy decision criteria and subcriteria of energy options to provide sufficient energy to meet local needs and improve living conditions. Based on the literature review, 4 criteria and 16 subcriteria were identified and submitted to review using the AHP methodology (Hierarchical Analysis Process). It can be determined that the most important criterion is the economic, followed by the social, environmental, and technical, and a hierarchy of subcriteria related to each criterion is established, establishing that for the study area the best source of energy is photovoltaic solar by communities.
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Rodríguez, Alejandro J. Gutiérrez, Nini Johanna Barón, and José Manuel Guaita Martínez. "Validity of Dynamic Capabilities in the Operation Based on New Sustainability Narratives on Nature Tourism SMEs and Clusters." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031004.
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This study aims to validate the relationships between the dynamic capabilities in the operation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that constitute the Nature Tourism Cluster (also known as “ecotourism”) in Colombia, through the application of surveys to managers and owners of hotels and lodgings of rural tourism, travel agencies, tour guides and operators, bars, restaurants and tourist transport centers, whose data obtained, support our hypothesis that the dynamic capacities of absorption, adaptation and innovation influence the functioning of SMEs, while at the cluster level, there is an positive relationship in the interaction of absorption and innovation capabilities. The greatest contribution of our research consists in the development of an empirical study that is based on the main contributions of the dynamic capabilities promoted by Teece (absorption, adaptation and innovation), and that allowed to determine the degree of influence that managers have to take decisions and undertake sustainable ecotourism actions, both at the SME level and at the cluster level. For this reason, our research provides a better understanding of how dynamic capabilities operate at the individual commercial level, as well as at the cluster level, in the combination of absorption, adaptation and innovation capabilities to foster new sustainability narratives and maintain sustainable ecotourism. Our results also point out the limitations and challenges for the sustainable tourism sector in Colombia.
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Eufemia, Luca, Michelle Bonatti, Stefan Sieber, Barbara Schröter, and Marcos A. Lana. "Mechanisms of Weak Governance in Grasslands and Wetlands of South America." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 7214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177214.
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Weak governance is a major threat to sustainable development, especially in rural contexts and within ecosystems of great social and economic value. To understand and compare its arrangement in the grasslands and wetlands of the Colombian Llanos and the Paraguayan Pantanal, we build upon the Institutional and Development Framework (IAD) as we explore the role of political, economic, and social institutions and combine components of the theory of common-pool resources (CPR) and new institutional economics (NIE). This hybrid conceptualization provides a synthesis of how top-down hierarchical and market-based systems of community-based and natural resource management negatively affect sustainable development in both study areas. Our findings suggest three underlying mechanisms causing a situation of weak governance: centralized (economic and political) power, the role of central and local governments, and social exclusion. Understanding these multidimensional contextual mechanisms improves the understanding that institutional structures supporting arrangements that handle grasslands and wetlands in a sustainable way are needed to protect the ecosystem’s social and economic values, especially in rural and marginalized contexts.
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Roncancio, Juan Sebastian, José Vuelvas, Diego Patino, and Carlos Adrián Correa-Flórez. "Flower Greenhouse Energy Management to Offer Local Flexibility Markets." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 4572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134572.
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Electricity access is strongly linked to human growth. Despite this, a portion of the world’s population remains without access to energy. In Colombia, rural communities have energy challenges due to the National Interconnected System’s (NIS) lack of quality and stability. It is common to find that energy services in such locations are twice as costly as in cities and are only accessible for a few hours every day due to grid overload. Implementing market mechanisms that enable handling imbalances through the flexible load management of main loads within the grid is vital for improving the rural power grid’s quality. In this research, the energy from the rural grid is primarily employed to power a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system that chills flowers for future commerce. This load has significant consumption within the rural grid, so handling HVAC consumption in a suitable form can support the grid to avoid imbalances and improve the end-user access to energy. The primary responsibilities of the flower greenhouse operator are to reduce energy costs, maximize flexibility, and maintain a proper indoor temperature. Accordingly, this research proposes a flexible energy market based on the bi-level mixed-integer linear programming problem (Bi-MILP), involving the Agricultural Demand Response Aggregator (ADRA) and the flower greenhouse. ADRA is responsible for assuring the grid’s stability and quality and developing pricing plans that promote flexibility. A flower greenhouse in Colombia’s Boyacá department is used as an application for this research. This study looked at the HVAC’s flexibility under three different pricing schemes (fixed, time-of-use, and hourly) and graded the flower greenhouse’s flexibility as a reliable system.
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Gamarra Quintero, Juan Sebastián, Carlos A. Díaz Gonzalez, and Leonardo Pacheco Sandoval. "Exergoeconomic analysis of a simulated system of biomass gasification-based power generation with surplus syngas storage in a rural zone in Colombia." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 44 (April 2021): 101075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101075.
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Garcia-Freites, Samira, Andrew Welfle, Amanda Lea-Langton, Paul Gilbert, and Patricia Thornley. "The potential of coffee stems gasification to provide bioenergy for coffee farms: a case study in the Colombian coffee sector." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 10, no. 4 (August 3, 2019): 1137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00480-8.
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AbstractThe coffee industry constitutes an important part of the global economy. Developing countries produce over 90% of world coffee production, generating incomes for around 25 million smallholder farmers. The scale of this industry poses a challenge with the generation of residues along with the coffee cultivation and processing chain. Coffee stems, obtained after pruning of coffee trees, are one of those abundant and untapped resources in the coffee supply chain. Their high lignocellulosic content, the low calorific value ranging between 17.5 and 18 MJ kg−1 and the low ash content make them a suitable solid fuel for thermochemical conversion, such as gasification. This research evaluates the feasibility of using these residues in small-scale downdraft gasifiers coupled to internal combustion engines for power and low-grade heat generation, using process modelling and the Colombian coffee sector as a case study. The producer gas properties (5.6 MJ Nm−3) and the gasifier’s performance characteristics suggest that this gas could be utilized for power generation. A cogeneration system efficiency of 45.6% could be attainable when the system’s low-grade heat is recovered for external applications, like in the coffee drying stage. An analysis of the energy demand and coffee stems availability within the Colombian coffee sector shows that the biomass production level in medium- to large-scale coffee farms is well matched to their energy demands, offering particularly attractive opportunities to deploy this bioenergy system. This work assesses the feasibility of providing coffee stem–sourced low-carbon energy for global coffee production at relevant operating scales in rural areas.
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Quiñones-Ruiz, Xiomara F. "The Diverging Understandings of Quality by Coffee Chain Actors—Insights from Colombian Producers and Austrian Roasters." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 30, 2020): 6137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156137.
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This paper addresses the understandings of quality recognized by diverse actors along the coffee chain with focus on specialty coffee producers. In the specialty coffee niche, the assessment of (physical) quality acts as a coordination device among chain actors that enables the identification of divergences on how quality is practiced. This paper aims to uncover how quality attributes (e.g., physical, symbolic) are understood (perceived) by value chain actors and are interwoven with quality conventions (e.g., market, green). Explorative interviews were carried out with Colombian producers located in selected coffee regions. A cupping exercise (tasting of coffee) was organized with producers. Afterwards, another informal cupping was done with roasters in Vienna, Austria. By coupling the concepts of quality attributes and conventions, the paper proposes a theoretical framework that connects quality attributes, conventions and the links to value addition (i.e., from parchment coffee to roasted coffee). Results show that the understandings of quality produce risky battles and ruptures among producers to follow certain conventions. The divergences, risky battles and ruptures in the understandings of quality acknowledged by producers are not only based on “roaster-driven” quality definitions penetrating the producers’ community, or the (individual) knowledge gained by producers, but also on the regulatory framework pursued by producers in a country with a strong coffee federation aiming to legitimize and safeguard the product’s reputation. To what extent is sound experimentation allowed, and direct exchange and interaction between producers, buyers and roasters desirable? Specialty coffee represents a differentiation alternative for small producers located in remote rural areas. Therefore, a transparent and inclusive dialogue between chain actors is required to reduce the divergences in the understandings of quality to balance the value appropriation along the chain.
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Ruíz Ordoñez, Diana Marcela, Yineth Viviana Camacho De Angulo, Edgar Leonairo Pencué Fierro, and Apolinar Figueroa Casas. "Mapping Ecosystem Services in an Andean Water Supply Basin." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031793.
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Socio-ecological dynamics affect the ecosystem services supply and are relevant to generate effective water management strategies; this condition is considered to evaluate under a holistic approach, the water ecosystem services (WES) in an Andean supply basin (ASB) in Colombia. This analysis focus on the connection of biophysical and sociocultural components for the multi-purpose use of water based on The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) modelling for Las Piedras River Basin (LPRB). The generated Hydrological Response Units (HRUs), allows to estimate the capacity of the basin for supplying water (quantity) in adequate conditions (quality) for local populations in rural and urban areas, as well as WES zoning. The model was calibrated and validated to generate a baseline scenario, which was complemented with social cartography and participative workshops. The results indicate a low concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus, boosted by specific agro-ecological strategies developed by local communities; however, there are health risks for populations downstream and those that are supplied with water directly from the source. Additionally, Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) affects water availability, which demands restoration and conservation strategies to maintain WES supply for socioeconomic and cultural purposes, since different views on the available WES converge in the basin.
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Cortés-Caicedo, Brandon, Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña, Oscar Danilo Montoya, Miguel Angel Rodriguez-Cabal, and Javier Alveiro Rosero. "Energy Management System for the Optimal Operation of PV Generators in Distribution Systems Using the Antlion Optimizer: A Colombian Urban and Rural Case Study." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 16083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316083.
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This paper presents an Energy Management System (EMS) for solving the problem regarding the optimal daily operation of Photovoltaic (PV) distributed generators in Alternate Current (AC) distribution grids. To this effect, a nonlinear programming problem (NLP) was formulated which considered the improvement of economic (investment and maintenance costs), technical (energy losses), and environmental (CO2 emission) grid indices as objective functions, considering all technical and operating constraints for the operation of AC networks with the presence of PV sources. To solve this mathematical formulation, a master–slave methodology was implemented, whose master stage employed the antlion optimizer to find the power dispatch of PV sources in each period of time considered (24 h). In the slave stage, an hourly power flow based on the successive approximations method was used in order to obtain the values of the objective functions and constraints associated with each possible PV power configuration proposed by the master stage. To evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methodology, two test scenarios were used, which included three installed PV sources in an urban and a rural network, considering the PV power generation and demand located reported for Medellín and Capurganá, respectively. These systems correspond to connected and standalone grids located in two different regions of Colombia. Furthermore, the proposed methodology was compared with three optimization methodologies reported in the literature: the Chu and Beasley genetic algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the vortex search optimization algorithm. Simulation results were obtained via the MATLAB software for both test scenarios with all the optimization methodologies. It was demonstrated that the proposed methodology yields the best results in terms of solution quality and repeatability, with shorter processing times.
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Castrillon-Gomez, Julian Andres, Gerard Olivar-Tost, and Johnny Valencia-Calvo. "Systems Dynamics and the Analytical Network Process for the Evaluation and Prioritization of Green Projects: Proposal That Involves Participative Integration." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 11519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811519.
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This research proposes a methodology for evaluating and prioritizing green projects based on an integrated approach between system dynamics modeling and the analytical network process. The methodology is presented in three stages: First of all, we show the citizen factors and obtain the data from the zone through community participation. Then, in the second stage, the model of system dynamics is consolidated and calibrated, which allows the generation of relevant information for experts by simulating model variables. In the third stage, considering the dependency and feedback relationships of the system, the model is translated to a complex network of many opinions which makes the decision making through peer review easier. The application of the methodology is presented using a case study undertaken in the California county that belongs to the Magdalena region in Colombia. The results allow to conclude that the proposed methodology makes the evaluation process and the prioritization of the projects easier because it is possible to advise the experts with respect to the variables that maximize investments and based on this select environmental initiatives that maximize investments and the environmental, social, or economic initiatives that best respond to the needs of the community. Likewise, we can demonstrate that the methodology can be applied to any rural community adjusting parameters and calibration variables to reflect the new conditions, both for natural resources and for particular policies and actions in such a way that the most appropriate project can be selected.
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Rubiano-Navarrete, Andrés Felipe, Camilo Lesmes Fabian, Yolanda Torres-Pérez, and Edwin Yesid Gómez-Pachón. "Durability Evaluation of New Composite Materials for the Construction of Beehives." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 14683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214683.
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Given the current situation we face regarding climate change, one of the greatest and most critical concerns is related to the reduction in the bee population. This population largely depends on beekeeping production units around the world. However, these production units also face great challenges in the construction of beehives, as pine word generally deteriorates within a period of five years or less. This relatively rapid deterioration has both economic and environmental repercussions, which may affect the economic sustainability of the beekeeping system. The objective of this research was the production and subsequent evaluation of the durability of alternative composite materials that can be used in beehive construction. The materials are based on high-density polyethylene and agro-industrial residues (fique fiber, banana fiber, and goose feathers) from the Boyacá region of Colombia. The composite materials studied in the present study were exposed to xylophagous fungi for 90 days, at constant humidity and under controlled temperature conditions that are conducive to fungi proliferation. The results showed that composite materials that include fique fibers are the most promising substitute for wood in the construction of beehives. Indeed, these materials were shown to be 80% more resistant to pathogen attack and durable weight loss than pine wood. These durability results may be of great importance for future implementation in beekeeping production units. They have the potential to impact not only the sustainable development of rural communities, but also to make a great ecological contribution by reducing the need to cut down trees while maintaining the health of beehives.
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Cuéllar-Gálvez, David, Yesid Aranda-Camacho, and Teresa Mosquera-Vásquez. "A Model to Promote Sustainable Social Change Based on the Scaling up of a High-Impact Technical Innovation." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 4532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124532.
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The scaling up of the innovations concept has gained importance in recent years, underlining the importance of disseminating successful innovations on a large scale to increase their socio-economic impact, seeking to sustain broad rural development and promoting public policies that generate equal and sustainable results. However, few projects take advantage of the adoption of innovative technologies to promote social change. This paper reports on an intervention model that incorporates common elements, from the literature, of scaling up, and includes novel such as linking technological and social innovations, with an exit strategy to build sustainable processes and results. The model is based on a trans-disciplinary approach, and leadership, that involves local communities and stakeholders to establish synergies, to give coherence to the whole process, and to build an exit strategy involving territorial dynamics related to the innovation. The model includes a clear definition of the objects, and the process, that should be transformed, and the specific methodologies to involve local communities and stakeholders, to reach the final target user. The model was applied to develop the project, More Nutritious Potatoes, for scaling up new yellow potatoes varieties with improved agronomic and nutritional attributes. To implement the project, the research team, local communities, and stakeholders agreed on specific actions to improve food security and nutrition in a sustainable manner. The operational objectives were, the strengthening of capabilities for autonomy and governance in public policies, the entrepreneurship to build inclusive businesses, the valorization of agro-biodiversity, the acquisition of good food habits, and the promotion of social equity. The methodologies employed allowed building of social and scientific capabilities for Colombia.
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Grisales-Noreña, Luis Fernando, Jauder Alexander Ocampo-Toro, Andrés Alfonso Rosales-Muñoz, Brandon Cortes-Caicedo, and Oscar Danilo Montoya. "An Energy Management System for PV Sources in Standalone and Connected DC Networks Considering Economic, Technical, and Environmental Indices." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 16429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416429.
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This research proposes an efficient energy management system for standalone and grid-connected direct current (DC) distribution networks that consider photovoltaic (PV) generation sources. A complete nonlinear programming model is formulated to represent the efficient PV dispatch problem while taking three different objective functions into account. The first objective function corresponds to the minimization of the operational costs with respect to the energy purchasing costs at terminals of the substation, including the maintenance costs of the PV sources. The second objective function is the reduction of the expected daily energy losses regarding all resistive effects of the distribution lines. The third objective function concerns the minimization of the total emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere by the substation bus or its equivalent (diesel generator). These objective functions are minimized using a single-objective optimization approach through the application of the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), which is combined with a matrix hourly power flow formulation that works by using a leader–follower operation scheme. Two test feeders composed of 27 and 33 nodes set for standalone and grid-connected operation are used in the numerical validations. The standalone grid corresponds to an adaptation of the generation and demand curves for the municipality of Capurganá, and the grid-connected system is adapted to the operating conditions in the metropolitan area of Medellín, i.e., a rural area and a major city in Colombia. A numerical comparison with three additional combinatorial optimizers (i.e., particle swarm optimization (PSO), the multiverse optimizer (MVO), and the crow search algorithm (CSA)) demonstrates the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed leader–follower optimization approach to the optimal management of PV generation sources in DC grids while considering different objective function indices.
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Jaramillo-Mejia, M. C., A. Nuñez-Cabrera, and J. C. Gil. "Stakeholders, Primary Health Care and Dispersed Rurality." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.795.
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Abstract Objective To characterize the existing tensions between actors which condition the implementation of the renewed primary healthcare (PHC), in the context of the most recent Colombian post-conflict years, in the territories of high rurality of the Pacific Coast. Methods We performed a qualitative study based on action research methodology with a critical and reflexive analysis of the social and institutional actors in the implementation of the Renewed PHC model in dispersed rural areas (Afro-Colombian and indigenous) the Pacific coast. We analyzed the different interested parties and the concordance between the community and institutional actors. Results The level of implementation of the Renewed PHC in high rurality territories of the Colombian Pacific Coast, intersects with tensions arising from the armed conflict, that affect sustainability and governance of the territory, and the intercultural tensions between the national health model in Colombia and the communities' social representations of their own health and development. Only 25% of the Renewed PHC elements are present, under low or medium conditions. Analysis of actors -Stakeholders-, according to their nature, level of presence, and power in the area indicates the absence of the Colombian government in these territories. Members of the community and their health resources constitute 48% of the Renewed PHC parties. Conclusions Limited understanding of the ethnic logics on health and development stands out as the main tension among actors to advance with the implementation of the Renewed PHC in post-conflict territories with high rurality. The national health model has a low capacity to accurately address health priorities from the Afro-descendant and Indigenous communities occupying such territories, with a differentiated, intercultural offer that would be able to act integrally on the dynamics of the illegal economy (illegal mining and illicit crops), which can seriously compromise their food security. Key messages Only 25% of the components of the renewed PHC are present in the territories with high dispersed rurality. In the post-conflict period, there are still tensions between community actors and stakeholders (Institutions).
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Ryser, Laura, and Greg Halseth. "On the Edge in Rural Canada: The Changing Capacity and Role of the Voluntary Sector." Canadian journal of nonprofit and social economy research 5, no. 1 (May 12, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/cjnser.2014v5n1a162.
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ABSTRACT Since the 1980s, neoliberal policies have downsized or closed rural and small-town services. In response, voluntary groups have played an increasing role to retain basic supports. How voluntary groups are impacted, and how they react, will affect community development. Drawing upon our research across northern BC and Canada, this article explores the changing role of voluntary groups, with a focus on the structural and institutional barriers impeding their renewal. Our research suggests that voluntary organizations have been diversifying their human and financial capital, expanding partnerships, and developing smart infrastructure to enhance their capacity. More place-based policies and programs are needed to: renew relationships; create synergies; stabilize operations; renew mandates and procedures; develop training supports; enhance development expertise; build diversity, capacity, and support for volunteers; and develop information management systems. Résumé Depuis les années 80, des politiques néolibérales ont entraîné la diminution ou l’élimination de divers services dans les communautés rurales. En conséquence, les groupes bénévoles ont joué un rôle grandissant dans la préservation de services de base. Le traitement des bénévoles et leurs réactions face à ce traitement ont ainsi un impact sur le développement communautaire. Cet article a recours à notre recherche dans le nord de la Colombie-Britannique et ailleurs au Canada pour explorer le rôle changeant des groupes bénévoles dans un contexte où des défis structurels et institutionnels peuvent nuire à leur renouveau. Notre recherche laisse entendre que, pour accroître leurs capacités, les organisations bénévoles sont en train de diversifier leur capital humain et financier, augmenter le nombre de leurs partenariats et développer une infrastructure intelligente. Il faut davantage de politiques et programmes qui tiennent compte du milieu afin de : renouveler les relations; créer des synergies; stabiliser les opérations; reformuler les mandats et procédures; appuyer les activités de formation; accroître l’expertise en développement; augmenter l’aide aux bénévoles ainsi que leur diversité et leurs capacités; et développer de meilleurs systèmes de gestion de l’information.
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Ruiz-Bastidas, Rosa Cecilia, and Luz Stella Cadavid-Rodríguez. "Effect of nutrients, inoculum and co-substrates on methane potential of cattle manure." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, September 6, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20220990.
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In this research, the methane potential of the codigestion of cattle manure (CM) with guinea pig manure (GPM) and dairy wastewater (DW) was evaluated. The effect of the addition of nutrients, inoculum (I) and co-substrates on methane production was studied. Later, two low-cost tubular biodigesters were implemented, at a rural farm in the cold climate municipality of Cumbal, fed with the mixture of CM and co-substrates that produced higher biogas production at the lab scale. The results evidenced that the addition of nutrients had no significant effect on methane potential. The mixture CM + GPM + DW + I, produced a theoretical biomethane potential (BMP) of 69.07%, significantly higher than the percentage of the theoretical BMP obtained individually, 43.81% and 34.49% for CM + I and DW+ I respectively. Further, it was observed that the addition of inoculum avoided problems of acidification. Finally, it was proved that this process can reduce environmental contamination and, at the same time, be a sustainable source of renewable energy for rural families in Cumbal (Nariño-Colombia).
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Buendía, Corina, Erika Garces, and Juan C. Aceros. "FiNCO farms for knowledge exchange: A Colombian seed for a good Anthropocene." Ambio, January 26, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-022-01821-0.
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AbstractReturning to Earth’s safe operating space requires driving social–ecological transformations toward a new human–nature configuration, while navigating changes and creatively dealing with crises. Family farms in the Colombian Andes have been navigating changes by using modalities of integrated management that recognize family interdependence with nature, which illustrates social–ecological resilience on a small scale. We potentiated family farming by creating FiNCO (Farms for knowledge exchange) as a strategy that renews the connection between disciplines, academia and farmers, and the rural and urban sectors, in order to promote knowledge co-production and landscape stewardship. In this sense, FiNCO is considered as a seed for a good Anthropocene. This paper is an invitation to plant FiNCO seeds in different social–ecological contexts and to share those experiences as an ideal way to create abilities to transform the upcoming humanity challenges into opportunities for humanity’s needed transformation.
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Blandón-Lotero, Laura Catalina, and Marta Cecilia Jaramillo-Mejía. "Communities on the move: community participation in health in rural territories of Buenaventura District in Colombia." International Journal for Equity in Health 19, no. 1 (October 26, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01239-8.
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Abstract Background Social and community participation is a fundamental component of the development of renewed primary healthcare (PHC). With the recognition of health as a right, such participation is a significant part of the design of public policies aimed at this sector. These policies contribute not only to overcoming inequity in the provision of this type of services but also to a reduction in social inequalities as a whole. Through a comparative analysis, this study aimed to explain the conditions through which ethnic-rural territories of the Colombian Pacific coast participate in health to contribute to the generation of policies and programs in territories with similar conditions. Methods The work was developed through the use of multiple techniques and strategies for information collection and analysis. These include several semi-structured interviews, multiple observation exercises and analysis based on a set theory, i.e., qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). The latter aims to develop a model that provides a count of the main causal combinations that allow high community participation in health. Results Key findings include how the trajectory of social mobilization and existence of a robust community social fabric became two critical conditions for community participation in the context of social exclusion. The presence of variables such as the implementation of PHC, guarantee of social rights, and trust in institutions, is underestimated as sufficient causal conditions for obtaining this result. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the existence, validity, and importance of processes, experiences, and resourcefulness of political natures, which aim at transforming the daily reality of the inhabitants of these communities. These also set a potential space and scenario for managing the communities’ main problems, including health, in the absence of institutionality that guarantees access to their social rights. Conclusion This study points out the importance of understanding community participation as a political activity, expanding exchange dynamics and dialogs between institutions, rulers, and communities to provide social responses in health and well-being to communities and to understand local realities and their own community dynamics.
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van Niekerk, Lindi, Martha Milena Bautista-Gomez, Barwani Khaura Msiska, Jana Deborah B. Mier-Alpaño, Arturo M. Ongkeko, and Lenore Manderson. "Social innovation in health: strengthening Community Systems for Universal Health Coverage in rural areas." BMC Public Health 23, no. 1 (January 9, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14451-8.
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Abstract Background In seeking the attainment of Universal Health Coverage (UHC), there has been a renewed emphasis on the role of communities. This article focuses on social innovation and whether this concept holds promise to enhance equity in health services to achieve UHC and serve as a process to enhance community engagement, participation, and agency. Methods A cross-country case study methodology was adopted to analyze three social innovations in health in three low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): Philippines, Malawi, and Colombia. Qualitative methods were used in data collection, and a cross-case analysis was conducted with the aid of a simplified version of the conceptual framework on social innovation as proposed by Cajaiba-Santana. This framework proposes four dimensions of social innovation as a process at different levels of action: the actors responsible for the idea, the new idea, the role of the institutional environment, and the resultant changes in the health and social system. Results The study found that each of the three social innovation case studies was based on developing community capacities to achieve health through community co-learning, leadership, and accountability. The process was dependent on catalytic agents, creating a space for innovation within the institutional context. In so doing, these agents challenged the prevailing power dynamics by providing the communities with respect and the opportunity to participate equally in creating and implementing programs. In this way, communities were empowered; they were not simply participants but became active agents in conceptualizing, implementing, monitoring, and sustaining the social innovation initiatives. Conclusion The study has illustrated how three creative social innovation approaches improved access and quality of health services for vulnerable rural populations and increased agency among the intervention communities. The processes facilitated empowerment, which in turn supported the sustained strengthening of the community system and the achievement of community goals in the domain of health and beyond.
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Yawar-Mehmood, Rabya, Laura Garcia Rios, Cathrin Zengerling, and Udo Dietrich. "The Development of a Diagnosis Indicator-Based Assessment Tool and Its Application to Rural Settlements in the Region Montes de Maria in Colombia." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 20, no. 2 (March 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.150201.
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