Dissertations / Theses: 'Rural relationship'

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Ozdirek, Sibel. "Changing Relationship Between Urban And Rural: The Observed Features Of New Rurality In Rural Areas." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613460/index.pdf.

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The new changes such as developments in transportation and communication technology, globalization of markets, intensification of flow of information, ideas and innovations since the 1980s have helped to increase the interaction between urban and rural and this process have had very important impact on the resemblance process of rural areas to urban areas with some characteristics, vice versa. Therefore the process have had an effect on the blurring strict distinction between urban and rural in worldwide. The new rurality approach has been main approach in the thesis that has tried to explain the new features of rural areas. It has focused on what has been happenning in rural areas and drawn attention to changes in rural areas which was previously ignored or overemphasized. The approach took five main changing features of rural areas as central focus which were non-farm activities, role of women, entrepreneurship, in-migration, division of labour and also urban-rural interaction. Therefore, the observed changes caused to draw attention to the question of is rural still the opposite of urban? In this respect, the effects of the increased relationships between urban and rural on rural areas in terms of getting new characteristics that new rurality approach explained were investigated by handling two case studies
Gedelek and Kusç
uali Villages in Turkey.

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Ortega, Arias María Daniela, and Vásquez Héctor Cárcamo. "Family-school relationship in the rural context. Views from families." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123977.

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The article presents the results of a research aimed at revealing the representations that parents have on the family-school relationship in the rural context of Quillón, Chile. Qualitative methodology is used, using in-depth interview. Twenty subjects are interviewed. Some results indicate that families give teachers a key part to establish a proper family-school relationship. This representation is based on the recognition of the bureaucratic nature of the school. How the family involvement is modelled is determined by the relevance assigned to the school success of their children. Indeed, moments, instances and ways in which families participate are related to the value assigned to them to enhance academic results.
El artículo expone los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue develar las representaciones que poseen padres y madres respecto de la relación familia- escuela en el contexto rural de la comuna de Quillón, Chile. Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa, empleando la entrevista en profundidad. Se entrevistó a veinte sujetos.Los resultados indican que las familias otorgan al profesorado un papel clave para el establecimiento de una adecuada relación familia-escuela. Esta representación se sustenta en el reconocimiento de la naturaleza burocrática de la institución escolar. El cómo se modela la participación de las familias está determinado por la relevancia que asignan al buen desempeño escolar de sus hijos. Precisamente, los momentos, instancias y formas en que participan las familias están relacionados con el valor asignado a estas para potenciar los resultados académicos.
O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação destinada a revelar as representações que têm os pais sobre a relação família-escola no contexto da comuna rural de Quillón, Chile. Metodologia qualitativa é utilizada, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade. São entrevistados vinte pais. Alguns resultados indicam que as famílias dão aos professores a chave para o estabelecimento de um relacinamento adequado da escola familia. Esta representação é baseada no reconhecimento da natureza burocrática da escola. Como o envolvimento das famílias é determinada pela relevância atribuída ao sucesso escolar de seus filhos é modelado. Na verdade, momentos, situações e formas em que as famílias estão relacionadas com o valor atribuído a eles para melhorar os resultados académicos.

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Kendrick, Dasen. "The Relationship Between Meteorological Patterns and Rural Ground Ozone Concentration." TopSCHOLAR®, 2005. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/505.

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Throughout the United States, many areas exceed the level of safe ground ozone (O3) concentration. Non-natural emissions made as result of daily human activities and natural emissions react photochemically to produce ground O3 concentration. Variation in ground O3 concentration is controlled by local and regional emissions, synoptic and mesoscale meteorology, and boundary layer chemistry and dynamics. When the right meteorological variables are present, rural areas can have unhealthy air conditions with high levels of ground O3 concentration similar to that of metropolitan areas. Particular ground O3 concentration episodes were analyzed to summarize what meteorological variables constitute a healthy or hazardous ground O3 day. Hourly ground O3 data for Mammoth Cave National Park from the years, 1998 through 2003 were analyzed. Once analyzed, a combination of meteorological variables is used in a simple linear regression to create the coefficients for empirical predictive model based on 1998-2000 data. The meteorological variables included maximum temperature (Tmax), diurnal temperature range (DTR), solar radiation (SR), and daily precipitation (Pd). The meteorological coefficients were then used with the available meteorological data from 2001 through 2003 to predict ground O3 for 2001 through 2003. Certain meteorological variables such as SR are not easily available in most regions and rural sites in the United States. Therefore, SR was excluded from the regression model to see if rural areas can also forecast ground O3 sufficiently. Root mean square error, d-index, and mean absolute error were used to assess the performance of the predictive model. These measures were calculated to find out if a significant relationship between ground O3 and the meteorological variables is present. For example, the d-index was calculated and ranged from 0.81-0.84 for the best regression model performances. This suggests that the predictive ground O3 from 2001 through 2003 is in agreement with observed ground O3 from 2001 through 2003.

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Cameron, Michael Patrick. "The Relationship Between Poverty and HIV/AIDS in Rural Thailand." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2570.

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HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic with critical demographic, economic, and social implications. The pandemic is widespread in poor regions of the world, including Southeast Asia where its long-term effects are potentially catastrophic. Despite the major impacts of the epidemic being already felt at the household level in many countries, a lack of recognition of the socioeconomic determinants of HIV infection and the economic and social impacts of HIV/AIDS and their relationship with poverty persists. This is due in part to the lack of systematic studies at the household, community, sectoral, and macro levels. The thesis describes a 'vicious circle' between HIV/AIDS, poverty and high-risk behaviour at the individual level. In the poverty-HIV/AIDS cycle, HIV-infected individuals are especially vulnerable to poverty, the poor are more likely to engage in high-risk behaviour such as commercial sex work, and high-risk behaviour in turn makes people susceptible to HIV infection. The thesis examines whether rural Northeast Thailand exhibits characteristics that support the existence of such a cycle. Four key relationships are considered and tested: (i) the relationship between previous HIV infection and current wealth or poverty; (ii) the relationship betweem wealth or poverty and HIV/AIDS knowledge; (iii) the relationship between previous wealth or poverty and current HIV infection; and (iv) the relationship between previous migration and current HIV infection. All four relationships are shown to hold using survey data from Khon Kaen province in Northeast Thailand. Poverty is shown to increase susceptibility to HIV infection, and HIV/AIDS is shown to reduce wealth and hence increase poverty. Under the circumstances, the hypothesis that rural Northeast Thailand exhibits characteristics that would suggest the existence of a poverty-HIV/AIDS cycle cannot be rejected. This thesis also provides several key contributions to the literature on HIV/AIDS and poverty. First, it provides quantitative and qualitative empirical analysis of the impacts of HIV/AIDS on households in a moderately affected region of Thailand. Second, it provides empirical analysis both on whether wealth and poverty affect the risk of HIV infection, and whether HIV infection affects wealth and poverty. The results from this thesis also provide significant empirical evidence of the importance of rural-urban migration in the spread of HIV in Asia. Finally, the thesis investigates the potential effects on the poverty-HIV/AIDS cycle of an ongoing socio-economic intervention, namely breaking the poverty-HIV/AIDS cycle via intensive rural development.

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Khadka, Manbar Singh. "The relationship between child labor and microfinance evidence from rural Bangladesh /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9660.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Agricultural and Resource Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Miller, Crystelle Leigh. "The price-size relationship: analyzing fragmenation of rural land in Texas." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4911.

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According to the USDA, Texas leads all other states in the loss of rural farming and ranching land. Most research on rural land value has been associated with trying to explain price per acre movements, yet few studies have analyzed the relationship of market factors such as size on the total purchase price. This research focused on the parcel size and price per acre relationship that exists for Texas rural lands. The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between size and price per acre of land parcels sold in Texas and to analyze the presence of fragmentation of agricultural lands. Data on Texas land sales of parcels greater than ten acres from 1965-2004 were used. The relationship between price per acre and parcel size was analyzed for Texas as a whole and for eight separate farmland regions. Each region was analyzed over eight time periods to test for changes in the land market for different periods. The results indicated a statistically significant inverse relationship between price per acre and parcel size which held in all eight regions and each of the eight five-year time periods. Personal income of the buyers had a greater influence on price per acre than net farm income. Fragmentation was verified by comparing percent of sales in eight categories of acres sold, ranging from 10 acres to over 1,280 acres. Over the time period 1966-2004, the percent of sales for smaller parcels, 21-40 acres, increased and for moderate size parcels, 81-320 acres, the percent of sales decreased. The increase in percent of sales for smaller parcels and the conversion of moderate size parcels of 81-320 acres into less than forty acre parcels, suggests that fragmentation has occurred. Furthermore, the percent of sales for parcels larger than 320 acres increased over the time period which mitigated the effects of fragmentation.

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Whiteside, Jasmine L. Whiteside. "Rural Trajectories: Investigating the Relationship between Space, Resources and University Enrollment." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu154321435050285.

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Riddick, Althea A. "The Relationship Between Student Demographics on Persistence at a Rural Community College." Thesis, Northcentral University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3670958.

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The purpose of this quantitative research study was to determine if student background variables ([age, race, gender, and socioeconomic status, (SES)] are predictors of student persistence semester-to-semester (2009-2010). The sample population included 298 students, consisting of first-time, first-semester, full and part-time students working toward achieving a degree or credential at a rural community college in northeastern North Carolina. Community colleges enroll almost half of the nation's college learners, fewer than half of the learners who begin at community colleges earn a degree or credential within six years of initial enrollment. The semester-to-semester persistence rate from the sample in the study was 75%, much higher than national averages. Although student persistence has been researched extensively in the past decades, only recently has persistence research been conducted on the most diverse populations in two-year institutions where attrition is the highest. The lack of persistence leads to loss of college revenue, fewer graduates entering the workforce, and fewer students achieving their personal goals. Using associated research and archived records this study analyzed the effect of age, race, gender, and SES on persistence. Logistic regression, including descriptive statistics, was used, and determined varying relationships between independent variables and the dependent variable, persistence. No significant relationships were found between persistence and age, race, and SES. While some literature and empirical research with these variables previously found significant relationships, the current study did not and this may be due to; few studies conducted at rural community colleges, the use of rural sample size, and the reliance on financial aid by students. The strongest relationship was found between the independent variable and gender. The sample population consisted of 48% male and 51.7% female. The results showed that the level of the relationship between gender and persistence was p=.005, which was less than the alpha level of .05. Also, literature reviewed for the study showed that students' SES is significantly linked to persistence once the variables of gender and race are controlled. Future research could incorporate a qualitative analysis to provide useful information regarding these same independent variables in the context of the individual student.

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Rynda, Jaci. "The Relationship Between Rural Novice Teachers of the Deaf and Their Mentors." Thesis, Minot State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10607812.

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Recruitment and retention of special education teachers is growing concern nationwide. This problem is especially acute amongst teachers of the deaf/hard of hearing in rural areas. Mentoring of novice teachers may be a solution to this problem; however, little research exists regarding the use of mentorship in deaf education. This qualitative case study explored the nature of the mentor/mentee relationship between novice teachers of the deaf and their mentors in rural areas. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with three dyads of mentors and mentees. An open coding inductive qualitative data analysis revealed five themes characterizing the relationship. Results further indicate that these teachers describe the relationship through descriptors that are unique to either the mentor or the mentee, complimentary to each party, and shared between both parties. Implications of these findings for current practice in the field of deaf education are discussed.

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Harrison, Lucy. "Agriculture's role in rural employment : a study of the relationship between agriculture and other rural employment in England and Wales." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316141.

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Synnott, Michael Frederick. "The relationship between the regional water authorities and local planning authorities." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363471.

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Liber, Briony Frances. "Urbanisation and the environment in Namibia : policy implications of the rural-urban relationship." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9569.

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Includes bibliography.
Central to a policy for sustainable urbanisation in Namibia, is the recognition of rural-urban relationships. The cross cutting spatial and sectoral issues, of circular migration need to be incorporated in an urbanisation policy. Government policies based on the assumptions of linear development theories such as 'urban bias', which isolate rural from urban as two mutually exclusive areas, mask the fact that poverty is experienced by urban and rural dwellers alike. At the crux of sustainable urbanisation in Namibia, is the ability of urban areas to absorb rapidly urbanising populations by way of provision of adequate urban infrastructure and services, housing and employment opportunities. In tum, this requires appropriate urban local governance, management and planning. The adoption of approaches which embody flexibility, adaptability, cooperation between the urban roleplayers, and speed of response are key to a sustainable urban environment. In the absence of urban conditions which can support a rapidly increasing population, migrants and the urban poor are forced to maintain a foothold in both rural and urban areas as a mechanism of risk diversification and survival. Mere survival, as embodied in circular migration in Namibia, does not suggest a process which can attain economic, social and biophysical sustainability. The implication is that the longer the conditions of circular migration remain entrenched in Namibia, the less likely the attainment of conditions of sustainability, and the more likely the further degradation of the environment, which ironically would probably further necessitate the split of households across the spatial continuum. Policies, such as Namibia's National Resettlement Policy, which target beneficiaries spatially and sectorally, tend not to have the expected benefits of poverty alleviation, and instead, often unintentionally, have the disbenefit of further entrenching poverty and circular migration. Fundamental then, to the sustainability of urbanisation in Namibia, is the integration of rural, urban and environmental policies, in turn requiring multi-sectoral and multi-spatial policies based on a thorough understanding of the forces underpinning circular migration.

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Hewage, Sumali S. "The Relationship of Food Security, Cervical Health, and Produce Intake in Rural Appalachia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1397295968.

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Venezia, Shannon M. "The Relationship Between Financial Aid and Graduation Rates for Rural Community College Students." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1487949882282262.

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Bukky, Molly. "Urban and Rural Adolescent Drug use and its Relationship with Classic Criminological Theories." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1491988076561329.

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Dennis, Melinda Mullis. "The relationship between teacher personality type and burnout in rural middle school teachers." Click here to access dissertation, 2008. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2008/melinda_m_dennis/Dennis_Melinda_M_200808_edd.pdf.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Georgia Southern University, 2008.
"A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education." Directed by Linda M. Arthur. ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-118) and appendices..

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Doran, Mary J. "Examing the relationship between rural middle school laptop programs and familial online shopping." Restricted access (UM), 2008. http://libraries.maine.edu/gateway/oroauth.asp?file=orono/etheses/37803141.pdf.

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These (Ph.D.)--Northcentral University, 2008.
Title from PDF title page. Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-119). Also issued in print.

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Currit, Brady A. "The Paradox of Social Capital and the Rural Poor's Relationship with Their Communities." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4164.

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Is increased access to social capital associated with a lower likelihood of poverty? Using data from a survey of nearly 10,000 residents of Iowa taken in 1994 and again in 2004, this study seeks to understand what types of social capital are associated with higher or lower likelihood of poverty at both the community and individual levels. Results suggest that higher bonding social capital at both levels is associated with a higher likelihood of poverty. The inverse of this relationship is found between bridging social capital and poverty. Although high bonding is generally an asset, when combined with low levels of bridging social capital, it is associated with significantly higher rural poverty rates in 1994 and 2004— exceeding the statewide average poverty rate of 15%. It is not clear, however, if high levels of bonding social capital cause high poverty rates by creating more insular networks in the context of low social bridging or if high bonding and low bridging are the direct result of high rural poverty.

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Hamdan, Taghreed Abu. "Promoting a mother school relationship programme in rural areas of Jordan : case studies of two girls schools." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241685.

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Engelbrecht, Sarah-Kate. "The relationship satisfaction of heterosexual couples in one low-income, semi-rural Western Cape community." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4027.

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ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Effective interventions are hindered by a lack of context-specific data on how South African men and women construct and experience intimate heterosexual relationships. Most studies exploring committed heterosexual relationships have been conducted with White populations living in developed countries. As relationship satisfaction is seen as a requirement for a good quality relationship, this study examined the relationship satisfaction of committed heterosexual couples in one low-income, semi-rural Western Cape community. A cross-sectional survey approach was used to examine relationship satisfaction among heterosexual married and unmarried couples. A random sample of 100 couples was drawn from the community, 93 of which were included in the final analyses, on the criterion that both partners were interviewed. Trained fieldworkers administered a demographic and relationship questionnaire, as well as three relationship satisfaction measures namely the Dyadic Satisfaction subscale of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Index of Marital Satisfaction and the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. Analyses were conducted using the statistical programme Statistica 7.0 and both descriptive and inferential statistics were computed separately for men and women. Inferential statistics included Spearman correlations, repeated measures ANOVA, and reliability analyses. Results show that although, on average, neither men nor women were clinically dissatisfied with their relationships, women reported significantly lower relationship satisfaction than men. Significant relationships were found between relationship satisfaction and a number of demographic variables, including the male partner’s educational attainment (with the female partner’s relationship satisfaction); female partner’s perception of her male partner’s religiosity (with both her own and her male partner’s relationship satisfaction); own church attendance (with own relationship satisfaction), female partner’s church attendance (with her male partner’s relationship satisfaction), and joint church attendance (with both female and male relationship satisfaction); sharing a bedroom at night with children, sharing a bed at night with children, and sharing a bed at night with partner. Demographic variables found to have a non-significant relationship with relationship satisfaction included: age; church affiliation; employment; and couple monthly income. Although there were several trends that tended towards significance, the only relationship variables found to be significantly related to relationship satisfaction were previous marriages and, for cohabiting couples, the age at commencement of cohabitation. Relationship variables found to have a nonsignificant relationship with relationship satisfaction included: relationship status; relationship duration; age at marriage for married couples; reason for marriage (for married couples) or for marriage in the future (for unmarried couples); number of significant relationships; and a number of childrenrelated variables. Results are discussed and recommendations are made for future research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Effektiewe intervensies oor hoe Suid-Afrikaanse mans en vroue intieme heteroseksuele verhoudings konstrueer en ervaar, word deur 'n tekort aan konteks-spesifieke data verhinder. Die meeste studies wat toegewyde heteroseksuele verhoudings bestudeer, is in wit populasies in ontwikkelde lande uigevoer. Aangesien verhoudingsatisfaksie as n voorvereiste vir ‘n goeie kwaliteit verhouding gesien word, het hierdie studie die verhoudingsatisfaksie van toegewyde, heteroseksuele paartjies in n lae-inkomste, semi-plattelandse Wes-Kaapse gemeenskap ondersoek. 'n Kruis-snit opname benadering is gebruik om die verhoudingsatisfaksie onder heteroseksuele getroude en ongetroude paartjies te ondersoek. 'n Ewekansige steekproef van 100 paartjies is uit die gemeenskap getrek, waarvan 93 in die finale analise ingesluit is, op grond van die vereiste dat beide maats ondervra is. Opgeleide veldwerkers het n demografiese- en verhoudingsvraelys toegepas, sowel as drie verhoudingsatisfaksie maatstawe, naamlik die Dyadic Satisfaction subscale van die Dyadic Adjustment Scale, die Index of Marital Satisfaction en die Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. Analises is met die statistiese program Statistica 7.0 uitgevoer en beide beskrywende en inferensiële statistieke is afsonderlik vir beide mans en vroue uitgewerk. Inferensiële statistieke het Spearman korrelasies, herhaalde-metings-ANOVA, en betroubaarheidsanalises ingesluit. Resultate toon dat, ondanks die feit dat nie mans of vroue klinies ontevrede met hul verhoudings was nie, vroue tog beduidend laer verhoudingsatisfaksie as mans gerapporteer het. Beduidende verwantskappe tussen verhoudingsatisfaksie en verskeie demografiese veranderlikes is gevind, insluitend die manlike verhoudingsmaat se vlak van opleiding (met die vroulike verhoudingsmaat se verhoudingsatisfaksie); vroulike verhoudingsmaat se siening van haar manlike verhoudingsmaat se godsdienstigheid (met beide haar eie en haar manlike verhoudingsmaat se verhoudingsatisfaksie); eie kerkbywoning (met eie verhoudingsatisfaksie), vroulike verhoudingsmaat se kerkbywoning (met beide vroulike en manlike verhoudingsatisfaksie), en gesamentlike kerkbywoning (met beide vroulike en manlike verhoudingsatisfaksie); deel van ‘n slaapkamer, snags, met kinders, deel van ‘n bed, snags, met kinders, en deel van ‘n bed, snags, met ‘n verhoudingsmaat. Demografiese veranderlikes wat ‘n onbeduidende verwantskap met verhoudingsatisfaksie toon, sluit in: ouderdom; kerkaffiliasie; aanstelling; en gesamentlike maandelikse inkomste. Ondanks verskeie beduidende tendense, is die enigste verhoudingsveranderlikes wat beduidende verwantskappe met verhoudingsatisfaksie getoon het vorige huwelike en, vir samewonende paartjies, die ouderdom by aanvang van saamwoning. Verhoudingsveranderlikes wat geen beduidende verwantskap met verhoudingsatisfaksie getoon het nie, sluit in: verhoudingstatus; verhoudingsduur; trou-ouderdom vir getroude paartjies; rede vir huwelik of huwelik in die toekoms; hoeveelheid beduidende verhoudings; en hoeveelheid kind-verwante veranderlikes. Resultate word bespreek en aanbevelings vir toekomstige navorsing word gemaak.

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Kolwyck, Bradley J. "The relationship between efficacy and teacher turnover intent." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1802.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between efficacy and teacher turnover intent in small, poor, rural schools. The researcher focuses on small, poor, rural schools in a Midwest state in the United States due to the state’s annual teacher turnover rate (16.4%) which mirrors the national rate. A sample of 730 teachers was solicited to participate in the study through their building principal with a final response of N = 220 participating. This non-experimental study explores the relationship between efficacy (independent variable) and turnover intent (dependent variable) by collecting data utilizing the online platform of Survey Monkey. The Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy, 2001) measured the level of self-efficacy for participants in the study. Additionally, the Collective Teacher Efficacy Scale (CTES) (Tschannen-Moran & Barr, 2004) measured the level of participants’ sense of collective efficacy. The Turnover Intent Scale (TIS) (Tiplic, Brandmo, & Elstad, 2015) measured the level of turnover intent for each participant. The research questions and hypotheses were used to explore the relationship between self-efficacy and turnover intent as well as collective efficacy and turnover intent. In addition, three research questions focused the investigation on the relationship between the variables by exploring the subscales of self-efficacy: student engagement, instructional strategies, and classroom management. The mean scores for each scale show that generally participants displayed a moderately high level of efficacy and were not searching for a new job. Additionally, the results show a statistically significant relationship between participants’ sense of collective efficacy and turnover intent. The significant relationship suggests that school leaders should focus on increasing teachers’ sense of collective efficacy to help with teacher turnover.

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Bertsch, Robert. "The Effect of Relationship-building Programs on the Resilience of Women in Agriculture." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31819.

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The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between participation in relationship-building programs and online social groups, and the individual resilience of women in agriculture in the United States. Women have demonstrated a unique ability to connect farms and ranches with social resources, drive change and adaptation in agriculture, facilitate farm and ranch succession, and build community after a disaster. The capacity of agriculture and rural communities to adapt in the face of significant adversity depends on those unique abilities. Improving the resilience in women in agriculture is critical to the overall resilience of rural America. Unfortunately, most resilience interventions focus on internal psychology and do not address external, social-ecological factors for resilience. The results of this study show participation in certain relationship-building programs is associated with a significant increase in the level of some external resilience factors among women in agriculture in the U.S.

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Meyer, Deborah J. "Technology's relationship to issues connected to retention a focus on rural mental health practitioners /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1082491212.

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Blue, Ian A. "The professional working relationship of rural nurses and doctors : four South Australian case studies." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb6582.pdf.

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Webber, Melissa. "Relationship between food insecurity and overweight in preschool-aged children in rural West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5244.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 39 p. : map. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-24).

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Nickelson, Diane K. "A qualitative case study of a co-teaching relationship at a rural high school." Diss., Wichita State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3286.

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No Child Left Behind and The Education for All Handicapped Children Acts have required schools to educate students with disabilities in new ways. Co-teaching is one model with the potential to unite the traditionally parallel systems of special education and regular education as well as effectively increase outcomes for all students within the general education classroom. This case study specifically examined a co-teaching relationship between a general education and a special education teacher at rural secondary school where students with disabilities were served through traditional pullout and inclusion models. One special education teacher, one general education English teacher, and the principal of the school provided data that told the story of how a co-teaching relationship developed and of its impact on the teachers and students involved. Research data for this qualitative study were collected through individual and focus group interviews, observations, and a review of pertinent documents. Data analysis consisted of open and axial coding and applying the constant comparative method to determine connections between and among the data collected. Findings from this study revealed that the teachers grounded the co-teaching relationship in a common belief system and set of experiences. Both teachers experienced an increase in their sense of self and collective efficacy as a result of the growth and development of the relationship. Students with disabilities in their co-taught classroom experienced higher levels achievement as well. Secondary school organizational structures were identified as an important factor when designing and implementing co-teaching relationship.
Thesis (Ed.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Education, Dept. of Educational Leadership

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Abreu, Guida Maria Correia Pinto de. "The relationship between home and school mathematics in a farming community in rural Brazil." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318406.

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Meyer, Deborah J. "Technology’s Relationship to Issues Connected to Retention: A Focus on Rural Mental Health Practitioners." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1082491212.

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Boren, Nickolas D. "The relationship of selected variables to student achievement in a rural Missouri high school /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052148.

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Eubanks, Kari. "The Relationship of School-Community Partnerships with ACT Benchmark Scores in Rural Tennessee Schools." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3334.

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The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if a relationship existed between the quality of school-community partnerships and the average score of each ACT subtest for rural Tennessee high school students. Specifically, the researcher examined the following school-community partnerships: business partnerships, university partnerships, service learning partnerships, school-linked service integration, and faith-based partnerships (Sanders, 2006). Administrators from 62 rural Tennessee high schools rated the partnerships present in their schools using the Improving Community Partnership Quality rating scale developed by Sanders (2006). Each of these ratings was compared to the participating school’s mean score for each ACT benchmark to determine whether these partnerships could be linked to success on the ACT. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for each partnership type and each ACT subtest. The results revealed that a statistically significant relationship did not exist between school-community partnerships and ACT subtest scores.

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Malone, Redhonda Vanessa. "Country Girls Fight, Too: The Relationship Between Social Support and Rural Female Youth Violence." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6058.

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This study was conducted to explore the relationship between social support and youth violence by testing the relationships between violence victimization, violence exposure, violence perpetration, delinquency, and the moderating variable of social support for rural female adolescents in the United States. This research, guided by the social disorganization theory, involved analyses of data from Wave 3 of the National Survey for Children's Exposure to Violence. The logistic regression analyses (n = 278; female; rural area; mean age 13.5) showed no moderating effect of social support on youth violence perpetration. However, there was a positive association between delinquency and violence perpetration, and a relationship between violence victimization in the forms of child maltreatment, exposure to peer victimization, exposure to sibling victimization, exposure to family violence, witnessing violence, and indirect victimization and violence perpetration. The research contributes to positive social change by providing more evidence about the gender-specific needs of rural adolescent females. This evidence may be used in the development of sustainable violence prevention programs and other services designed to prevent child maltreatment and other forms of violence exposure and victimizations, and subsequent violence perpetration.

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Goodwin, Imani Carolyn. "The relationship between perceived wellness and stages of change for exercise among rural African American women." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nursing_diss/9/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2009.
Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 20, 2010) Dee M. Baldwin, committee chair; Laura P. Kimble, Judith L. Wold, Robin E. Pattillo, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-158).

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Houlihan, B. M. J. "The relationship between central and local government in the policy area of public sector housing." Thesis, University of Salford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372126.

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Pearce, Sean. "The Relationship Between Place and Youth Volunteerism: Building Bonds and Breaking Barriers." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36854.

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Volunteerism is a popular form of community engagement among youth and can involve helping organizations, such as nonprofits, as well as directly assisting neighbours or friends through informal types of helping. A large body of research has examined the different ways in which economic, social, and cultural resources impact on volunteerism. Fewer studies have considered the influence of place characteristics. This dissertation comprises three studies. The first study used secondary data to explore the moderating effects of urban/rural place of residence and certain resources (e.g., religiosity, work status) on youths’ volunteer propensity and intensity. Results revealed significant urban/rural interactions. For example, belonging to youth groups (versus not) was particularly a strong lever for rural youth volunteerism, while higher religious attendance frequency was associated with greater volunteer intensities for urban youth. The second study used a mixed methods approach to investigate urban/rural differences in motivations for and barriers to volunteering, and skills acquired. Financial costs were associated with nonvolunteer status for rural youth, while urban nonvolunteers reported lacking interest. During the interviews, youth described reasons for volunteering, challenges to volunteering, and strategies to improve volunteerism. These discussions differed by urban/rural residence. Rural youth reported more contextual barriers, whereas urban youth questioned the significance of their impact. Rural youth discussed volunteering more as a general learning experience, whereas urban youth tended to mention specific skills they acquired (e.g., technical, interpersonal). In the third study, the relationships between perceptions of the neighbourhood environment (e.g., cohesion, amenities) and volunteer outcomes were explored. Results revealed that neighbourhood cohesion was particularly important to informal volunteering. Further, different clusters emerged based on volunteer type (informal/formal) and level of intensity. The findings from this dissertation suggest that understanding youth volunteerism within a socio-ecological perspective can widen our understanding of the volunteer process, including antecedents, challenges, experiences, and outcomes. This research may have practical implications for nonprofit organizations. For example, methods of outreach should consider how the environment impacts on volunteerism when trying to recruit young volunteers. Finally, the literature on youth volunteerism may benefit by adopting a holistic approach to volunteerism that considers the different ways in which place characteristics, rather than only individual-level factors, influence youth community engagement.

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Mandrell, Kelly. "An Exploration of the Relationship of Cocurricular/Extracurricular Participation and Achievement in Rural High Schools." Thesis, Aurora University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10636643.

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Historically, after-school extracurricular programs can be linked to success in student achievement as well as increased school attendance and giving students “safe after-school environments” (National Center for Education Statistics, 1995). This causal comparative study investigated student achievement as measured by students’ grade point average, the number of extracurricular activities the student is involved in, the income status of the student, attendance, as well as gender and grit that the student possesses. The sample included 110 high school seniors, 47% males and 53% females, from the graduating class of 2017 from four rural communities in the Midwest. Participants completed the Grit Scale by Duckworth et al. (2007), which measures an individual’s perseverance and passion to continue on to complete one’s goals. Analysis of the data centered on the significant interaction effect between grade point average and extracurricular activities as moderated by gender, income, attendance, and perception of grit. The researcher also ran an analysis to see if there was a correlation between grade point average and grit. Results indicated a significant interaction effect between grade point average and extracurricular activities as moderated by income. Results also uncovered a significant interaction effect between grade point average and extracurricular activities as moderated by attendance. Results also showed a significant interaction effect between grade point average and extracurricular activities as moderated by perception of grit. Although there was no significant interaction effect between grade point average and extracurricular activities as moderated by gender, the researcher wanted to validate the research due to the fact this study was happening in a rural community with fewer students involved. There also was a positive correlation when examining grade point average and the score of grit. Future researchers should focus on whether or not the student feels supported. Another focus would be to investigate if students work during the school year and the number of hours that they work during the school week. Co-curricular versus extracurricular activities also need to be explored further within the context of whether they make a difference in a student’s grade point average.

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Islam, Jokena Charisse Smith. "Marital relationship status, social support, and psycholgocial [sic] well-being among rural, low-income mothers." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1548.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Family Studies. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Yep, Ray. "The rise of rural entrepreneurs and the changing state-society relationship in post-Mao China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243446.

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Feyissa, Ferew Lemma. "The relationship between adult anthropometry morbidity and functional status : a longitudinal study among rural Ethiopians." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252081.

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Mathus, Margaret A. "The Relationship between Teacher Evaluation Ratings and Student Achievement in a Rural, Midwest School District." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10270472.

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While many factors have been identified as influencing student academic performance, previous studies consistently determined effective teaching as the most significant factor, within the control of educators, leading to improved student achievement. Nonetheless, educational experts, statisticians, and policy-makers alike acknowledged the complexity of isolating the contributions of individual teachers on their students’ achievement. Converging with these changing beliefs about teaching and learning, the landscape of education faced an additional challenge—marked by an increased demand for schools and individual teachers to be held accountable for the academic growth of his/her students. Local districts have been empowered to create and implement teacher evaluation systems, with the caveat they maintain student achievement data as one measure of teacher effectiveness.

While there has been research conducted investigating a relationship between performance-based teacher evaluation systems and student achievement, studies have been limited to the most common large-scale models. This study was unique because the research focused on a specific teacher evaluation system, created by and for, a rural Missouri school district during its first two years of implementation. The purpose of this mixed-methods research study was two-fold: (1) to investigate the relationship between teachers’ annual evaluation ratings (as measured by the researched district’s teacher evaluation tool) and their students’ academic performance (as measured by the MAP and i-Ready assessments), and (2) to analyze teacher and administrator perceptions of the impact of the new teacher evaluation system on improving student achievement and the teachers’ instructional performance.

This study’s analysis took both math and reading achievement scores into account, considering two different standardized assessments, the state-mandated Missouri Assessment Program (MAP) and a locally-administered i-Ready Benchmark Assessment. The student achievement data yielded an increase in student achievement over the two years of the study. However, the results of the study did not establish a correlation between the two variables: teacher quality and student achievement. More sensitive evaluation methods are needed to isolate the variable of teacher evaluation ratings on student achievement.

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McDermott, Deborah S. "Rural psychologists' responses to multiple-role relationship ethical dilemmas and their perceptions of job burnout." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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De, Sousa-Brown Semoa C. B. "An economic analysis of the relationship of poverty and income inequality in rural West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1711.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 120 p. : ill. (some col.), map. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-106).

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Islam, Md Faridul. "An investigation into the relationship between tourism development and extreme poverty alleviation in rural Bangladesh." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/70465.

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This thesis contributes to the understanding of the relationship between tourism development and extreme poverty alleviation in rural Bangladesh. It adopts a critical theory approach to investigate the social, economic, physical, cultural and political barriers that exclude rural poor and indigenous communities from tourism development benefits. An integrated model proposes that these communities can be included in tourism development through gaining power, legitimacy and urgency as definitive stakeholders, thereby alleviating extreme poverty in developing countries.

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Speldewinde, Peter Christiaan. "Ecosystem health : the relationship between dryland salinity and human health." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0127.

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Australia is experiencing widespread ecosystem degradation, including dryland salinity, erosion and vegetation loss. Approximately 1 million hectares (5.5%) of the south-west agricultural zone of Western Australia is affected by dryland salinity and is predicted to rise to 5.4 million hectares by 2050. Such degradation is associated with many environmental outcomes that may impact on human health, including a decrease in primary productivity, an increase in the number of invasive species, a decrease in the number of large trees, overall decrease in biodiversity, and an increase in dust production. The resulting degradation affects not only farm production but also farm values. This study examines the effects of such severe and widespread environmental degradation on the physical and mental health of residents. Western Australia has an extensive medical record database which links individual health records for all hospital admissions, cancer cases, births and deaths. For the 15 diseases examined in this project, the study area of the south west of Western Australia (excluding the capital city of Perth) contained 1,570,985 morbidity records and 27,627 mortality records for the 15 diseases examined in a population of approximately 460,000. Environmental data were obtained from the Western Australian Department of Agriculture?s soil and landscape mapping database. A spatial Bayesian framework was used to examine associations between these disease and environmental variables. The Bayesian model detected the confounding variables of socio-economic status and proportion of the population identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. With the inclusion of these confounders in the model, associations were found between environmental degradation (including dryland salinity) and several diseases with known environmentally-mediated triggers, including asthma, ischaemic heart disease, suicide and depression. However, once records of individuals who had been diagnosed with coexistent depression were removed from the analysis, the effect of dryland salinity was no longer statistically detectable for asthma, ischaemic heart disease or suicide, although the effects of socio-economic status and size of the Aboriginal population remained. The spatial component of this study showed an association between land degradation and human health. These results indicated that such processes are driving the degree of psychological ill-health in these populations, although it remains uncertain whether this 4 is secondary to overall coexisting rural poverty or some other environmental mechanism. To further investigate this complex issue an instrument designed to measure mental health problems in rural communities was developed. Components of the survey included possible triggers for mental health, including environmental factors. The interview was administered in a pilot study through a telephone survey of a small number of farmers in South-Western Australia. Using logistic regression a significant association between the mental health of male farmers and dryland salinity was detected. However, the sample size of the survey was too small to detect any statistically significant associations between dryland salinity and the mental health of women. The results of this study indicate that dryland salinity, as with other examples of ecosystem degradation, is associated with an increased burden of human disease.

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Moorefield-Lang, Heather M. Day Barbara. "The relationship of arts education to student motivation, self-efficacy, and creativity in rural middle schools." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1593.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Education in the School of Education." Discipline: Education; Department/School: Education.

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Goodwin, Imani Carolyn. "The Relationship betwen Perceived Wellness and Stages of Change for Exercise among Rural African American Women." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nursing_diss/9.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women in the US, and African American women (AAW) have a disproportionately high rate of deaths from CVD. Physical inactivity plays a major role in CVD development. It has been reported that some rural women have low rates of physical activity; 39% of White women and 57% of women of color are reported to be physically inactive. Rural AAW have a high mortality and morbidity rate related to CVD and a high rate of physical inactivity. The purpose of this study was to describe rural AAW’s perception of wellness in conjunction with their stage of change for engaging in exercise. A questionnaire was designed to obtain demographic information and reliable and valid questionnaires were used to measure perceived wellness and current stage of change for exercise. Using a descriptive, cross-sectional design, a convenience sample of 162 rural AAW was recruited from four rural churches in Selma, Alabama. A one-time meeting was conducted and questionnaires were completed by the participants. Statistical analyses including independent samples t-tests and one-way and two-way ANOVA’s were conducted to determine if there were associations among demographic characteristics, self-reported presence of CVD, perceived wellness, and stage of change for exercise. Findings indicated that there was no relationship between perceived wellness and stages of change for exercise among rural AAW; no relationship was found between perceived wellness and CVD, or CVD and stage of change for exercise. However, 51.3% of the sample reported they were physically active, and 21.6% planned to increase their activity within 30 days. Annual household income and employment status were positively correlated with perceived wellness, suggesting a greater sense of wellness is related to income and employment among these rural AAW. These findings have implications for nursing practice in the areas of facilitating health promoting behaviors and development of exercise and wellness programs for rural AAW.

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Wang, Tao. "Atmospheric reactive nitrogen oxides and their relationship with urban and rural ozone formation by Tao Wang." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25633.

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Judd, Karen. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESILIENCY IN RURAL AFRICAN AMERICAN MALE YOUTH AND THEIR AWARENESS OF CITIZENSHIP PRACTICES." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4475.

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Effective citizenship practice in the United States has several important characteristics, which can provide the foundation for young people to access opportunity in employment and education. A continuum of policies, programs, and strategies meant to alleviate poverty have central themes of providing education and vocational opportunities, and yet large numbers of young minority people remain disenfranchised with no chance to succeed. There is even greater loss in the population of African American males who otherwise could achieve stable and strong economic life styles. Large unemployment and under-employment of African American males is documented through U.S. data sources where declining rates of labor force participation of black males is starkly evident (U.S. Census 2000). Geographic influences for minority youth also increase limited access to educational and employment opportunities (Slack & Jenson, 2002). What is clear is that minority youth are faced with a disproportionately difficult access to educational and employment opportunities as a result of diminished community social support, which should be the encouraging force in directing their goal achievements. Resiliency, as a strengths-based perspective, gained convincing prominence through the 1970s and 1980s. Initiative, self-control, self-esteem, and attachment are four protective factors of resiliency. Risk and protective factors are vital for intervention practices with individuals, families and communities. This study utilized protective factors that promote the skills and abilities necessary for encouraging resiliency and creating effective citizenship. Resiliency and the awareness of citizenship practices may bolster African American male youth successes in educational and employment opportunities. Youth who consistently and routinely engage in employment can increase the well-being of themselves, their families, and their communities. This study utilized a self-administered survey design to obtain responses from rural African Americans male youth, between the ages of 12 and 19 inclusive, to determine their resiliency skills and their awareness of citizenship practices (p=.005, one-tailed). In a pre-post test for significance, participants were asked to take a citizenship practices survey after the viewing of the video. This paired t-test displayed statistically significant results (p= .0015, t= 2.998, df =98). It is important to examine resiliency in rural African American male youth and how that resiliency interacts with the awareness of citizenship practices. There is little known about how rural African American, male youth perceive effective citizenship based on their level of resiliency. African American youth are better served toward successful employment and education through programs that are designed to increase citizenship practices awareness. There is reason to believe that citizenship practices, by way of training and community affirmation, with an infusion of resiliency skill techniques modeling, could open the doors wider for African American male youth who, for some, suffer from poverty, but for most suffer from the lack of free and open educational access which inhibits viable entry level employment opportunities.
Ph.D.
Program of Public Affairs;
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs

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Peñuela, Norma. "The relationship between dietary intake and blood lead levels among WIC infants in rural West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2897.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 56 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-45).

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Hamunyela, Miriam Ndalilashiwa. "A critical analysis of parental involvement in the education of learners in rural Namibia." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09252008-142902/.

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Deitz, Shiloh Leah. "A Spatial Analysis of the Relationship between Obesity and the Built Environment in Southern Illinois." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1890.

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Scholars have established that our geographic environments – including infrastructure for walking and food availability - contribute to the current obesity epidemic in the United States. However, the relationship between food, walkability, and obesity has largely only been investigated in large urban areas. Further, many studies have not taken an in-depth look at the spatial fabric of walkability, food, and obesity. The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) to explore reliable methods, using sociodemographic census data, for estimating obesity at the neighborhood level in one region of the U.S. made up of rural areas and small towns – southern Illinois; and 2) to investigate the ways that the food environment and walkability correlate with obesity across neighborhoods with different geographies, population densities, and socio-demographic characteristics. This study uses spatial analysis techniques and GIS, namely geographically weighted multivariate linear regression and cluster analysis, to estimate obesity at the census block group level. Walkability and the food environment are investigated in depth before the relationship between obesity and the built environment is analyzed using GIS and spatial analysis. The study finds that the influence of various food and walkability measures on obesity is spatially varying and significantly mediated by socio-demographic factors. The study concludes that the relationship between obesity and the built environment can be studied quantitatively in study areas of any size or population density but an open-minded approach toward measures must be taken and geographic variation cannot be ignored. This work is timely and important because of the dearth of small area obesity data, as well an absence of research on obesogenic physical environments outside of large urban areas.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rural relationship'

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